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HARMONOISE -IMAGINE road source model
A short overview for GRB September 2008
Erik de Graaff M+P consulting engineers
Informal document No. GRB-48-6(48th GRB, 1-3 September 2008,agenda item 7)
Transmitted by the expert from the Netherlands
No.No.22/17/17
EC Environmental noise directive 2002/49/EC• Requests noise maps and action plans for
- Agglomerations (populations > 100 000) - Major roads- Major railways- Major civil airports
• Ready in 2008
• Recommended calculation methods- Roads: NMPB-96 (the French method) - Railways: RLM2 (the Dutch method) - Airports: ECAC 29 - Industrial sites: ISO 9613
• Future calculation method: EU harmonised
No.No.33/17/17
EU research projects on harmonized methods
• Harmonoise (FP5 2001-2004)• Imagine (FP6 2004-2007)• 15 project partners from all over europe (D, F,
I, NL, PL, S, UK• 4 source models (road, rail, air, industry)• 1 propagation model• Validation with measurements
No.No.44/17/17
Harmonoise - IMAGINE traffic noise model
• Prediction of the noise emission of the average European road vehicle, based on:- vehicle class- vehicle speed
• With optional calculations for:- vehicle acceleration/deceleration- road surface type, age, gradient, meteo- directivity- regional variations
No.No.55/17/17
Model structure
• Separate calculation of rolling and propulsionnoise:- Rolling noise:
- Propulsion noise:
• Coefficients A, B and C are known for each vehicle class, per 1/3-octave frequency band
)log()()( refRRWR vvfBfAL ⋅+=
aCv
vvfBfAL P
ref
refPPWP .)()( +
−⋅+=
No.No.66/17/17
Vehicle classes
category name description vehicle category in EU/ECE type
approval
1 Light motor vehicles Passenger cars, delivery vans
? 3.5 tons, SUV’s, MPV’s including trailers and caravans
M1 and N1
2 Medium heavy vehicles
Medium heavy vehicles, delivery vans > 3.5 tons, buses, touring
cars, etc. with two axles and twin tyre mounting on rear axle
M2, M3 and N2, N3
3 Heavy vehicles Heavy duty vehicles, touring cars, buses, with three or more axles
M2- and N2 with trailer, M3 and N3
4a mopeds, tricycles or quads with ? 50 cc L1, L2, L6
4 Powered two-wheelers 4b motorcycles, tricycles or
quads with > 50 cc L3, L4, L5, L7
No.No.77/17/17
Source geometry
• Two source heights:- Rolling noise : 80% to lower and 20% to higher source- Propulsion noise: 20% to lower and 80% to higher source- Motor cycle : no rolling noise, 100% to single source
source at 30 cm
No.No.88/17/17
Corrections factors (1)
• Regional variations- engine type (only cat 1) (Otto, Diesel)- tyre width (only cat 1) through its relation with
weight- tyre mounting (summer, winter, studded)- age (only cat 1)- fraction of IRESS (illegal replacement exhaust
silencing systems) (all categories)- fraction of VANs in cat 1. - distinction between three and multi-axle HDV’s.
No.No.99/17/17
Corrections factors (2)
• Meteo conditions- Temperature- Road surface wetness
• Type of road surface- Acoustic classification scheme developed in EU 6th
framework project SILVIA fits in this calculation scheme,
Reference condition DAC/SMA 0-11Effect of other surface defined for passenger cars and trucksFrequency dependence and speed dependence formulated
No.No.1010/17/17
Examples of data acquisition program, trucks
Volvo truck test chamber
TRL pull away test
M+P road side testing
No.No.1111/17/17
Examples of data acquisition program cars
TUG and M+P pass-by testing
PolandM+P pass-by testing Italy
M+P accelerated pass-by testing
TUG controlled single vehicle
testing
TRL pass-by testing UK,
SP pass-by testing Sweden
No.No.1212/17/17
Examples data acquisition program motorcycles
M+P on board testing
JRC, TUG, Autostrade road side testing
M+P road side testing
TUG test bench testing
No.No.1313/17/17
Fraction rolling noise and propulsion noise
• Depends on speed and vehicle class
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160vehicle speed [km/h]
soun
d po
wer
leve
l L W
category 1 - Light motor vehicles
propulsion noiserolling noisetotal noise
5 dB
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100vehicle speed [km/h]
soun
d po
wer
leve
l L W
category 3 - Heavy duty vehicles
propulsion noiserolling noisetotal noise
5 dB
No.No.1414/17/17
Vehicle acceleration
• Increase in propulsion noise; not in rolling noiserolling & propulsion noise at 30 km/h
light motor vehicle (cat. 1)
40
50
60
70
80
90
25 40 63 100
160
250
400
630
1000
1600
2500
4000
6300
1000
0frequency [Hz]
soun
d po
wer
leve
l [dB
(A)]
propulsion noise @ 30 km/h
rolling noise @ 30 km/h
total noise @ 30 km/h
prop. noise @ 30 km/h,acceleration +1.5 m/s^2total noise @ 30 km/h,acceleration +1.5 m/s^2
No.No.1515/17/17
Effect of road gradient on propulsion noise
approximate effect on overall LWP level
-12 -8 -4 0 4 8 12
road gradient (%)
⎠L W
P,gr
adie
nt [d
B(A
)]
cat. 1 & 4cat. 2 & 3
No.No.1616/17/17
Effect of illegal silencers on propulsion noise level,standard: 1% for cars and trucks, 35% for motorcycles.Effect of an IRESS is 12 dB on propulsion noise
⎪⎪⎩
⎪⎪⎨
⎧
−
−
=
⋅−⋅=Δ
4category for%100
%35%
3 and 2 1,category for%100
%1%
2429 2,
IRESS
IRESS
p
ppL
IRESS
IRESSIRESSIRESSWP
No.No.1717/17/17
conclusion
• A complete and state-of-the-art model for the noise emission of an EU vehicle is developed. - Defined in Lw, fits into propagation calculations- Easy to use and to implement in computerized noise mapping tools- Allows adaptation to local situations and to future developments in
vehicle technology (such as hybrid cars)
• Reports available on IMAGINE website:- www.imagine.org
• First noise maps show the need for serious action plans• Depending on action plans, many agglomerations may urge
EC/ECE on noise reduction of tyres and vehicles