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Harmonizing Rhythm: The Science and Practice of Sound and Music
Healing
Tobi Fishel, Ph.D., former Director of Integrative Health Psychology OSHER Center for Integrative Medicine
Vanderbilt Medical Center freelance consultant, body-centered psychologist, mindfulness
teacher, artist, music and sound healer [email protected]
AMA Objectives
•Engage patients with a holistic and collaborative approach to healing •Refer patients with chronic illness and chronic pain to appropriate integrative modalities for care •Use basic coaching and motivational interviewing skills to engage healthy behavior change
APA Objectives
After participating in this CE activity, participants should be able to describe and discuss:
•The definitions of sound and music healing •Current research on sound and music healing •At least three ways sound and music healing may be applied to clinical practice
Target Audience
Physicians, Psychologists and other health professionals from the United States and Canada who are members of the Consortium of Academic Health Centers of Integrative Medicine.
Instructional Level
Intermediate
Disclosures
It is the policy of Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and the CAHCIM to require disclosure of financial relationships from individuals in a position to control the content of a CME activity; to identify and resolve conflicts of interest related to those relationships; and to make disclosure information available to the audience prior to the CME activity. Presenters are required to disclose discussions of unlabeled/unapproved uses of drugs or devices during their presentations.
Activity Director: Gurjeet Birdee, MD, Assistant Professor, Internal Medicine and Pediatrics at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Planner: Amy Locke, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Family Medicine at University of Michigan Medical School
Planner: Jeffery Dusek, PhD, Research Director at Penny George Institute for Health and Healing, Allina Health
Planner: Delia Chiaramonte, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine at University of Maryland
Presenter: Tobi Fishel, Ph.D., former Director of Integrative Health Psychology, OSHER Center for Integrative Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, freelance consultant, body-centered psychologist, mindfulness teacher, artist, music and sound healer
All activity directors, planners, and speakers have no financial relationships to disclose.
This educational activity received no commercial support.
CME/CE Credit
CME credit
This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the accreditation requirements and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education
through the joint providership of Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and the CAHCIM. Vanderbilt University School of Medicine is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing
medical education for physicians.
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine designates this live activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)TM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate
with the extent of their participation in the activity.
CE credit
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine is approved by the American Psychological Association to sponsor continuing education for psychologists. Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine maintains responsibility for this program and its content.
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine designates this education activity for 1.0 CE credits toward the continuing educational of psychologists.
No partial credit may be awarded.
Credit Requirements
This CME/CE activity consists of a simultaneous Power Point presentation and conference call followed by an evaluation, and will require approximately one hour of your time.
To obtain CME/CE credit for your participation in this activity, you must:
• View the entire presentation.
•The link to the evaluation is https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/oct82015webinar. This link will be sent with a PDF of the slides immediately after the webinar has concluded.
•Complete and submit an evaluation form by Friday, November 6, 2015.
After competing these tasks, your credit certificate will be available within 3 weeks after the due date of the evaluations.
Once your CME certificate is available you will receive an email notification from [email protected] with log-in information to the CME Website. By following the email instructions, you may retrieve your certification.
If you do not receive an email notification, please check your spam/junk folder before contacting [email protected] or [email protected].
Personal information is used for issuing a CME or CE credit certificate and storing that credit in the Vanderbilt OCPD database.
If you have questions or need additional information contact [email protected]
Americans with Disabilities Act
It is the policy of
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and The Consortium
not to discriminate against any person on the basis of disabilities. If you feel you need
services or auxiliary aids mentioned in this act in order to fully participate in this continuing education activity, please speak with a course
director or planner.
WELCOME TO HARMONIZING RHYTHM
Why sound and music healing?
Definitions: Music therapy, Sound healing, Music healing Clinical Uses
Scientific Research Experiential Exercises: frame drum vibrations
and toning/humming, singing bowls
Questions and Discussion
A Little History
Apollo is the ancient Greek god of music and of medicine.
As early as 400 B.C., Hippocrates played music for mental patients. In the thirteenth century, Arab hospitals contained music-rooms for the benefit of the patients.
In many indigenous cultures, shamans (medicine men and women) have used music, sound, and dance as a method going into a trance to connect with Spirit and for healing patients. Music therapy as we know it began in the aftermath of World Wars I and II, musicians would travel to hospitals and play music for soldiers suffering from war-related emotional and physical trauma.
Definitions from Barbara J. Crowe, MMT, MT-BC
• There are many approaches to sound/music for health and healing, All have one meta-idea in common - “Music/sound is good for us. “
• Music therapy is a well-developed profession that engages the client in an experience of music as the therapeutic agent and relationship of therapist and participant important.
• Music therapy is an allied health profession and one of the expressive therapies, consisting of a process in which a music therapist uses music and all of its facets—physical, emotional, mental, social, aesthetic, and spiritual—to help clients improve their physical and mental health.
• Music therapists primarily help clients improve their health in several domains, such as cognitive functioning, motor skills, emotional development, social skills, and quality of life, by using music experiences such as free improvisation, singing, and listening to, discussing, and moving to music to achieve treatment goals.
SOUND HEALING
• Sound healing: everything in the Universe is energy in vibration, uses the power of sound and vibration to restore one's body, mind and spirit to a sense of balance and harmony. Often uses the subtle vibrations of singing bowls, tuning forks , drums, human voice and the didjeridoo playing over and around you.
• Indigenous cultures use some form of sound healing such as sounding/toning.
Categories of Sound Healing
• Vocal techniques, including vocal empowerment, enriching the voice, resonance
therapy -removal of emotional blocks – clinical use ex. young women with hx of trauma
• Toning - repetitive vocal sound using elongated vowels and few consonants over a long period of time as in traditional and contemporary chanting traditions, toning used to create an altered state of consciousness, relaxation, alter brain waves, impact energy system – clinical ex. In our yoga classes to increase sense of community and induce state of relaxation
• Another technique is the projection of sound into the body or energy field by use of instruments of different timbre, e.g. multiple medals, bamboo flutes , rattles and shakers for altered state of consciousness, drumming for altered state of consciousness, brain waves, entrainment, clinical ex. Of person with depression and trauma/grief
• Rhythm and percussion - brain shifting through percussion (Jeff Strong), energy
work with percussion (Flatischler, 1992), drumming for health (e.g. HealthRhythms), rhythmic entrainment, clinical ex. to increase attention for folks with anxiety or ADHD, to increase steadiness of gait and decrease agitation
HEALTH RHYTHMS • Engages with drums and shakers, engages with fun
and creativity, moves into expression and entrainment
• Effectiveness for Employee Burnout & Turnover Reduction
Other research showed improved mood states and improved immune functioning in court referred teens
Clinical example in women’s group expressing trauma
Neurologists now often prescribe music therapy for conditions from
Parkinson's and Alzheimer's to stroke and depression
When Rhythms Go Wrong
Music and Dance for Parkinson’s Patients
Asking a patient to dance, rather than walk, down the hall to a music beat we choose like a waltz
Alive Inside
Alzheimer’s disease - Significant effects are seen in social behaviors, leading to improvements in interaction, conversation, and other such skills. A meta-study of over 330 subjects showed music therapy produces highly significant improvements in wandering and restlessness, reductions in agitated behaviors.
Recent studies have examined the effect of music therapy on stroke patients when combined with traditional therapy. One study found the incorporation of music with therapeutic upper extremity exercises gave patients more positive emotional effects than exercise alone. In another study, Nayak et al. found that rehabilitation staff rated participants in the music therapy group more actively involved and cooperative in therapy than those in the control group.
New treatment for Pulmonary Issues Asthma: the Didgeridoo
• Australian scientists found that regularly playing the wind instrument can lead to improved breathing and better overall health.
• He said that the “deep and circular breathing” required to play the didgeridoo may have been responsible for the health benefits.
• Girls were excluded from the lessons because it against the culture of many Aboriginal groups for females to play the instrument.
• However, Dr Eley found that both boys and girls reported a
general improvement in well-being after singing lessons
• At Osher Center I used frame drum singing for
pulmonary issues and neck pain/tightness
Successful COPD Breathing Therapy: Playing the Harmonica!
In Turkey, Sufi music is being played in hospitals to decrease stress, Cleveland Clinic conducting a study of
music with patients undergoing brain surgery
Music therapy for premature infants – Music that is played or sung to an infant helps to slow the heartbeat and calm breathing. By reducing the stress, music can help aid their sleep and also improve their feeding behaviors.
Maternal singing during skin-to-skin contact benefits both preterm infants, mothers
• A mother who sings to her preterm infant while providing 'kangaroo care,' or holding with direct skin-to-skin contact, may see improvements in both her child's and her own health. The finding comes from a study of 86 mother-infant pairs in a neonatal intensive care unit.
This Is Your Brain. This Is Your Brain On Music
Amir Pinkney-Jengkens, 8, is learning trombone through Harmony Project, a nonprofit that provides musical instruments and instruction to children in low-income communities. Recent research suggests that such musical education may help improve kids' ability to process speech.
The Healing Power of Sound
Different effects for Passive listening Creating the sound alone Creating the sound in community Silence and hearing the sounds of nature
Drumming on visitors to the Louisville convention center, 2013, awaiting to
hear His Holiness the Dalai Lama, comments were, “I feel like I just had an
internal massage”, “I feel like I’m vibrating and alive”
Clinical examples – Bonnie with pain, Amy with grief.
Can we have a volunteer?
My face says everything
Music as Medicine
Road to Recovery: Sound Healing with Mitchell Gaynor, oncologist
Vanderbilt hosted the Second annual conference for the Society for Music Cognition and Perception (SMPC) August 1-5, 2015! More
information at kc.vanderbilt.edu/smpc2015/
Music Therapy helps stabilize moods, increase frustration tolerance, identify a
range of emotions, and improve self-expression in children with Williams
Syndrome.
WILLIAM’S SYNDROME MUSIC CAMP
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Toning To make sound with an elongated vowel for an extended period Toning with other people creates a feeling of unity. It also helps us to release stress and repressed emotions. Regular toning and humming helps to re-energize the body and restore health to the mind, body and spirit. Toning has a neurochemical effect on the body, boosting the immune system and causing the release of endorphins. Toning assists in good breathing and posture. The muscles of the digestive system are massaged and stimulated by regular toning. Toning has also been effective in relieving insomnia. Toning is used in systems of ayurvedic healing and yoga.
Let’s try!
Therapeutic Effects of Personalized Music References:
• Gerdner, L.A. (2005). Use of individualized music by trained staff and family: translating research into practice. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 31(6), 22-30
• Gerdner, L.A. (2000). Effects of individualized versus classical ‘relaxation’ music on the frequency of agitation in elderly persons with Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders. International Psychogeriatrics, 12(1), 49-65.
• Gerdner, L.A. (1999). Individualized music intervention protocol. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 25(10), 10-16.
• Gerdner, L.A., & Schoenfelder, D.P. (2010). Evidence-based guideline. Individualized music for elders with dementia. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 36(6), 7-15. doi: 10.3928/00989134-20100504-01
• Sung, H.C., Chang, A.M., & Lee, W.L. (2010). A preferred music listening intervention to reduce anxiety in older adults with dementia in nursing homes. Journal of Clinical Nursing 19(7-8), 1056-1064. doi:10.1002/gps.2761
Music Therapy in General: • Brotons, M., Koger, S.M., & Pickett-Cooper, P. (1997). Music and dementias: A review of
literature. The Journal of Music Therapy, 34(4), 204-245. • Choi, A.N., Lee, M.S., Cheong, K.J., & Lee, J.S. (2009). Effects of group music intervention on
behavioral and psychological symptoms in patients with dementia: a pilot-controlled trial. International Journal of Neuroscience, 119(4), 471-481.
• Cooke, M.L., Moyle, W. Shum, D.H., Harrison, S.D., & Murfield, J.E. (2010). A randomized controlled trial exploring the effect of music on agitated behaviours and anxiety in older people with dementia. Aging & Mental Health, 14(8), 905-16.
• Munro, S., & Mount, B. (1978). Music therapy in palliative care. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 119, 1029-1034.
• Werner, P., Cohen-Mansfield, J., Koroknay, V., & Braun, J. (1994). The impact of a restraint reduction program on nursing home residents. Geriatric Nursing, 15(3), 142-6
Pediatrics, Pain, and Didgeridoos: 1. Koelsch S. A neuroscientific perspective on music therapy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.
2009; 1169(1):374-384 2. Hartling L, Newton AS, Liang Y, et al. Music to Reduce Pain and Distress in the Pediatric Emergency
Department. A Randomized Clinical TrialMusic in the Pediatric Emergency Department. Music in the Pediatric Emergency Department. JAMA pediatrics, 2013;167(9):826-835
3. Puhan MA, Suarez A, Cascio CL, Zahn A, Heitz M, Braendli O. Didgeridoo playing as alternative treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: randomised controlled trial. bmj. 2006;332(7536):266-270
4. Eley R, Gorman D, Gately J. Didgeridoos, songs and boomerangs for asthma management. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 2010;21(1):39-44
5. Eley R. The Potential Effects of the Didgeridoo as an Indigenous Intervention for Australian Aborigines A Post Analysis. Music and Medicine. 2013;5(2):84-92
6. Nicholson JM, Berthelsen D. Abad V, Williams K, Bradley J. Impact of music therapy to promote positive parenting and child development. Journal of Health Psychology. 208;13(2):226-238
7. Klassen JA, Liang Y, Tjosvold L, Klassen TP, Hartling L. Music for pain and anxiety in children undergoing medical procedures: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Ambulatory Pediatrics. 2008;8(2):117-128
8. Reschke-Hernandez AE. History of music therapy treatment interventions for children with autism. Journal of music therapy.48(2):169
Sound and Music Healing in General
• Beaulieu, J. (1987). Music and sound in the healing arts. Barrytown, NY: Station Hill Press. • Bittman, MD; Larry Dickson, MA; Kim Coddington, PhD, Recreational Music-Making: A Cost-Effective Group
Interdisciplinary Strategy for Reducing Burnout and Improving Mood States in Long-Term Care Workers (2003) Advances in Mind-Body Medicine Fall/Winter 2003, Vol. 19 No. ¾
• Bittman, et al, (2001) Group Drumming and Neuroendocrine-Immune Parameters, ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES, january 2001, VOL. 7, NO. 1
• Bruscia, K. A. (1998). Defining music therapy, 2nd ed. Gilsum, NH: Barcelona Publishers. • Campbell, D. (1991). Music: Physician for times to come. Wheaton, IL: Quest Books. • Dewhurst-Maddock, O. (1993). The book of sound therapy: Heal yourself with music and voice. United Kingdom:
Gaia Books. • Flatischler, R. (1992), The forgotten power of rhythm. Mendicino, CA: LifeRhythm. • Gardner, K. (1990). Sounding the inner landscape: Music as medicine. Stonington, ME: Caduceus Publications. • Garfield, L. M. (1987). Sound medicine: Healing with music, voice, and sound. Berkley, CA: Celestial Arts. • Gaynor, M. L. (1999). The healing power of sound. Boston: Shambhala. • Goldman, J. (1992). Healing sound: The power of harmonics. Rockport, MA: Element Books. • Goldman, J., & Goldman, A. (2005). Tantra of sound. Charlottesville, VA: Hampton Roads Publishing Company. • Hale, S. E. (1995). Song and silence: Voicing the soul. Albuquerque, NM: La Alamena Press. • Halpern, S. (1978). Tuning the human instrument. Belmont, CA: Spectrum Research Institute. • Halpern, S., & Savary, L. (1985). Health: The music and sound that makes us whole. • NY: Harper and Row, Publishers.
Sound and Music Healing in General, continued
• Hoffman, J. 1995). Rhythmic medicine: Music with a purpose. Leawood, KS: Jamillan Press.
• Keyes, L. W. (1973). Toning: The creative power of the voice. Marina del Ray, CA: DeVross & Company.
• Lingerman, H. A. (1985). The healing energies of music. Wheaton, IL Theosophical Press.
• Maman, F. (1997). Book I: The role of music in twenty-first century. Malibu, CA: Tama-Do Press.
• Maman, F. (1997). Book II: Raising human frequencies: The way of Chi and the subtle bodies. Malibu, CA: Tama-Do Press.
• Maman, F. (1997). Book III: The body as harp: Sound and acupuncture. Malibu, CA: Tama-Do Press.
• Maman, F. (1997). Book IV: Healing with sound, color and movement. . Malibu, CA: Tama-Do Press.
• Nordoff, P., & Robbins, C. (1977). Creative music therapy. New York: John Day Co. • Perry, W. (2007). Sound medicine: The complete guide to healing with the human
voice. Franklin Lakes, NJ: New Page Books.
