Harmonization of

maritime data models- Leading to port optimization

ENUW, October 2020

Jeppe Skovbakke Juhl, BIMCO

IMO strategy on GHG reductions

Vision:

“IMO remains committed to reducing GHG emissions from international shipping and, as a matter of urgency, aims to phase them out as soon as possible in this century”

Ambitions:• review EEDI with the aim to strengthen requirements• reduce the average carbon efficiency (CO2 emissions per

transport work) by 40% in 2030 and 70% in 2050 compared to 2008

• reduce total GHG emissions from shipping by at least 50% in 2050 compared to 2008

International regulation on reporting

IMO Facilitation Committee (FAL) adopted in 2016 new requirements for electronic data exchange

New mandatory regulation requires public authorities to establish systems to assist ship clearance processes by April 2019 (two years implementation)

…encourages the use of the "single window" concept, to enable all the information required by public authorities in connection with the arrival, stay and departure of ships, persons and cargo, to be submitted via a single portal without duplication…

For international shipping, a unified, global approach to facilitation of international maritime traffic is vital

STANDARDS – STANDARDS – STANDARDS…..

• Harmonisation is critical, use of international robust standards is key and leads to interoperability

• Use of a suitable data model, mapped across main models (e.g. UN/CEFACT Multimodal Reference Data Model, WCO Data Model and ISO)

• Technology neutral, and provide the ability to adapt to new technologies (backwards and forwards compatible)

• Machine to machine (M2M) solution, no need for additional systems/equipment

What are the obstacles….

• Need for common and harmonized data element’s ID

Data element Description

ISO 28005 UN/EDIFACT WCO ID IACS R.75

Ship name Given name of the ship in the ship registry ShipID.ShipName C222:8212

(Name of ship)

T005 SHIP_Name

Call sign Call sign for the ship. Sequence of letters

and numbers, unique to each ship by

w hich ships can be identif ied usually in

radio communications.

ShipID.CallSign C076:3148

(call sign)

Type (253) SHIP_Call_Sign

IMO number Unique ship identif ication number

assigned by Lloyd's Register – Fairplay in

accordance w ith IMO resolution

A.600(15).

ShipID.IMONumber C222:8213

(IMO Number)

T006 SHIP_IMO_Number

MMSI number Identif ier used by maritime digital selective

calling (DSC), automatic identif ication

systems (AIS) and certain other

equipment to uniquely identify a ship or a

coast radio station.

ShipID.MMSINumber - Type (253) -

Comments Any other information related to ship

identity

ShipID.Comment - - -

….

Data element ID's

Simplified illustration of the solution- harmonized “language” for API

Data to local service provider xxx

MSW in Singapore (example)

MSW in Norway (example)

Maritime

Single Windows

API

API

API

Authority:

Immigrations

Customs

Police

Maritime Authority

Port State Control

Health

Ports

…

Information:

Cargo formalities

Waste delivery

Bunkers

Pre-arrival/departure

Dangerous goods

Crew/Passenger lists

Ten last ports of call

Certificates

…

Port services:

Service providers

…

Port information:

Reception facilities

Contact points

Holiday Calendar

Taxes & Tariffs

…

“Bow-tie concept” solution

IMO Reference

Data Model

Data standards

Examples• Customs data• WCO data set

• UN/EDIFACT• Trade data• UN/CEFACT• IMO FAL• IHO S-100• Port Call

message

Data elements

Examples• Ship name• IMO number• Captain name• Cargo info• ETA time• Certificate ID• Authority• Port of call

Data set

Examples• IMO FAL • Stowaways• Port Logistic• A.851(20)• Certificates

Port States

Examples• Singapore• Korea• Norway• Morocco• …

Service API

Examples• Maritime

Single Window

• Port information

• Maritime Service providers

Maritime Services

Examples• Immigrations• Customs• Police• PSC• Pre-arrival• Health• Waste• Bunkers• Certificates• Taxes & Tariffs• Holiday

Calendar

Implementation- IMO reference data model

Maritime data set

Customs data set

Trade data set

Key sources• Full IMO FAL compendium data set• Maritime Declaration of Health data set• Stowaways data set• Port Logistics Operational data set, JIT• Ship Certificate data set• Ship Reporting Systems, IMO A.851(20)

• e-Nav Maritime Services data set• …

Key source• WCO data set, comprising UN/EDIFACT• …

Key sourceUN/CEFACT data set •

… •

Where overlap between the data models exists, there is a need for associating the data definition with multiple data element ID’s

IMO reference data model

Simple API for M2M exchange- Global solution, where 1 + 1 = 3

NSOV 2 IPD ShipToPortReportingServ ice: DataInputInterface Parameter Definition

«EntityItem»

PortId

locode :string

«EntityItem»

ShipId

name :string

callSign :string

imoNumber :string

mmsiNumber :string

comment :string

«EntityItem»

Ship

id :ShipId

«EntityItem»

Voyage

voyageId :VoyageId

«EntityItem»

Cargo

«EntityItem»

CargoItem

«EntityItem»

VisitedPort

id :PortId

ata :dateTime

atd :dateTime

eta :dateTime

etd :dateTime

«EntityItem»

DangerousPollutingGoods

«EntityItem»

ShipStore

«EntityItem»

Attribute

name :string

value :AttributeValue

lastUpdated :datetime

origin :string

«EntityIte...

IntegerAttribute

value :int

«EntityItem»

DocumentAttribute

value :Document

«EntityItem»

AttributeList

attributeListId :AttributeListId

«EntityItem»

StringAttribute

value :string

«EntityItem»

Document

«EntityItem»

PdfDocument

«EntityItem»

ExcelDocument

«EntityItem»

AttributeValue

«EntityItem»

VoyageLeg

legNumber :int

«EntityItem»

StorageItem

«EntityItem»

Crew

«EntityItem»

PassengerList

«EntityItem»

Person

«EntityItem»

VoyageId

«EntityIt...

TimeAttribute

value :time

«EntityIt...

DateAttribute

value :date

«EntityItem»

DateTimeAttribute

value :datetime

string

AttributeListId

«EntityItem»

ResultType

currentVoyage

0..1

wasteInformation

securityAttributes

*

shipDefectsInformation

shipParticulars

personHealthInformation

shipStoredangerousPollutingGoods cargo

lastPort 0..1

nextPort 0..1

voyageLegs

1..*

{ordered}

nextPort

0..1

currentPort

0..1

cargoItems1..*

voyages

0..*

healthInformation

toPort 1

cargodangerousPollutingGoodsshipStorecrewpassengerscrew

bunkerInformation

dpgInformation

fromPort 1

portCallAttributes

personalAttributes

passengers

0..*

crewMembers

1..*

insuranceCertificates

storedItems

0..*

storageItemInformation

cargoInformation

cargoItemInformation

passengers

API solution comprising…

• a flexible “common” service specification, combined with…

• an international maritime data element model, with common definitions, the so-called: IMO reference data model

IMO referencedata model

Focus on ports efficiency

• Growing pressure at ports around the world to address air pollution generated by cargo movement operations

• Aim is to minimise its impacts on human health and the environment

Just-In-Time arrival (JIT) concept• Just-in-time arrival concept refers to any action that reduces the

idle time in ports by means of minimizing delays

• Just-in-time requires good early communication with the port and harmonization amongst all relevant stakeholders involved

Port congestions – normal of today

Port of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates

Port of Ningbo, China

Port of Singapore

Potential savings

• Total port time (waiting and working time) is 7.3 days for bulk carriers (spread of 2.3-10.1 days).

• The global average waiting time (for the selected countries) was 3.46 days (spread of 0.4-5.2 days)

• UNCTAD report estimated an associated cost of a delay at US$38k per port call

• With app. 137,500 port calls by bulk carriers this represents cost of $5.2bn per year.

• This number is without considering the environmental benefit!Source: Maritime Transport 2018, the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) .

IMO reference data model- Just-In-Time arrival concept

Changeindicator

Data ID Data element Definitions

Positions

IMO0108 Port of arrival, coded The code representing the port wherethe ship arrives.

New Anchorage An area in which ships anchor or mayanchor.

New Terminal A number of berths grouped togetherand provided with facilities for handlingcargo, e.g. oil terminal, containerterminal

New Pilot Boarding Place At sea, a place where a pilot embarks ordisembarks from a ship

New Berth The place assigned to a ship whenanchored or lying alongside a pier etc.

New Berth Position The position along a berth, specified byone point (e.g. bollard, manifold or rampnumber), allowing the ship to determinethe ships position at berth.

Changeindicator

Data ID Data element Definitions

Time stamp

IMO0064 Date and time of arrival –estimated (ETA)

The date and time the ship is estimated toarrive at the port of arrival.

New Requested Time of Arrival(RTA)

The date and time the ship is requested toarrive at a specified location.

New Planned Time of Arrival(PTA)

The date and time the ship plans to arriveat a specified location.

IMO0063 Date and time of arrival -actual

The date and time the ship arrives at theport of arrival.

IMO0066 Date and time ofdeparture - estimated

The date and time the ship is estimated todepart from the port of departure.

New Requested Time ofDeparture (RTD)

The date and time the ship is requested todepart from a specified location.

New Planned Time ofDeparture (PTD)

When the ship plans to depart from aspecified location.

IMO0065 Date and time ofdeparture - actual

The date and time the ship departs fromthe port of departure.

For illustration only

Contractual considerations - in complex business networks

• BIMCO has developed clauses for Voyage Charter Parties for the use of Just-in-Time:✓BIMCO Virtual Arrival Clause✓BIMCO Sea Traffic Management (STM) – by November 2018

BIMCO Just-In-Time Clause – to be considered Q4 2020

• This permit charterers to request the owners to adjust the speed of a ship to arrive at a loading or discharging port at an agreed date and time (JIT)

• The charterers can request the ship to slow down or speed up, as the case may be, so as to meet a certain arrival time.

• The clauses only govern the relationship between the owners and charterers and can not impose any obligations on or provide any rights to third parties.

Data sets awaiting to be included

✓ Maritime services according to IMO e-navigation

✓ Acknowledgement receipts

✓ IMO Safety Information (e.g. ship particulars)

• IMO Environment Information (e.g. ballast water, sulphur and emissions)

• Information on specific shipping conditions (ice and the like)

• General safety information (e.g. inspections, dates of inspection and deficiencies)

• Added cargo details at consignment level

• Notice of readiness and bill-of-laden information

• …

Conclusions

• Enhanced cooperation between ship owners, charterers, port authorities, terminal operators, and port service providers, is key and a prerequisite for safer and more efficient port calls

• Harmonized maritime data model will improve quality of data and reduce the administrative burden by 80% according to EU project, EfficienSea2, particularly when used in the context of the maritime single window

• There is a special ‘call to action’ for ports around the world to address port-related air quality issues

• The Just-In-Time approach is a “low-hanging fruit” for shipping in order to reduce its share of the air emission footprint, and to - in close collaboration with the ports - enhancing the port efficiency

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