HARMONIC FILTERING. - Steel S.A. · PDF file · 2014-12-08and are an integral part of the capacitor bank. As an option, ... technology is not a standard design and must ... Harmonic

POWER FACTOR CORRECTION. HARMONIC FILTERING.MEDIUM AND HIGH VOLTAGE SOLUTIONS.

This document may be subject to changes. Contact ARTECHE to confi rm the characteristics and availability of the products described here.

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Power Factor Correction. Harmonic Filtering. | Medium and High Voltage Solutions

1. Metal Enclosed Capacitor Banks and Harmonic Filters | 4

2. Rack Mount Capacitor Banks and Harmonic Filters | 10

3. Pole Mount Capacitor Banks | 14

4. Studies, Simulations and Technical Support | 18

CONTENTS

4 Power Factor Correction. Harmonic Filtering. | Medium and High Voltage Solutions

1. METAL ENCLOSED CAPACITOR BANKS AND

HARMONIC FILTERS

5Power Factor Correction. Harmonic Filtering. | Medium and High Voltage Solutions

Custom engineered solutions for both utility and industrial applications, ARTECHE capacitor systems and harmonic fi lters are available in both pad mount or switchgear style enclosures.

Switchgear style units are typically located at the main service entrance of an industrial facility and can be supplied as automatic switching units to maintain desired power factor and harmonics under changing load conditions.

CUSTOMIZED SOLUTIONS FOR A WIDE RANGE OF USERS

1. METAL ENCLOSED CAPACITOR BANKS AND HARMONIC FILTERS

› Metal Enclosed Systems.

ARTECHE off ers in addition, and depending on the application, units with tuned or detuned reactors to build up diff erent solutions in order to avoid resonance of the capacitors with the system inductance, or to absorb one or several particular harmonics.

Pad mounted systems accommodate underground distribution installations.


ARTECHE standard designs meet among others, with the two main international standards:

› IEC 60871, IEC 60549. › IEEE STD 18 and CSA ratings.

APPLICABLE STANDARDS




GENERAL DESCRIPTIONPOWER CAPACITOR:

ARTECHE supplies single phase or three phase capacitors with stainless steel cases. Capacitors are free of PCB’s and available in powers from 50 up to 1.000 kVAr (individual units). These capacitors can be either externally fused or internally fused. Each unit has a discharge resistor to reduce the voltage between the terminals to 50 V in fi ve minutes or 75 V in ten minutes according to IEEE and IEC standards respectively.

TUNING REACTORS:

Tuning reactors are added in harmonic fi lters. These reactors are generally iron core type and are an integral part of the capacitor bank. As an option, ARTECHE is able to supply air core reactors which are enclosed separately upon request.

INRUSH REACTORS:

Inrush reactors are necessary in the capacitor banks for the purpose of limiting inrush currents and back-to-back switching events.

CURRENT LIMITING FUSES:

These are provided for the protection of short circuit currents, and internal faults in the capacitors.

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS:

Automatic capacitor banks require voltage and current signals which may be provided by the customer or obtained from the bus through instrument transformers already in place. Current transformers or voltage transformers can be supplied for neutral unbalance protection depending on the bank connection type.

SWITCHING ELEMENTS:

Switching elements are specially designed for handling capacitive loads. ARTECHE off ers the best technical solution on project basis, and supplies capacitor switches, contactors, or circuit breakers depending on the specifi c application.

SURGE ARRESTERS:

Surge Arresters protect the capacitor banks from voltage surges and lightning.

ZERO VOLTAGE CONTROL:

Available with capacitor switches, this type of technology is not a standard design and must be requested specifi cally. Capacitor switching phenomena are minimized.

GROUNDING SWITCH:

The grounding switch ensures that capacitors are fully discharged for maintenance.

CONTROL AND PROTECTION SYSTEM:

The main protections are neutral unbalance and overcurrent protection. Other schemes are available.

› Power Factor Correction Capacitors.



TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICSCONTENTS

Capacity ANY kVAr rating

Voltage Up to 38 kV

Frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz

Type

Fixed

Automatic

Automatic Multistep

Service Indoor or Outdoor

Enclosure IP or NEMA

Temperature range -30 to 50°C (Other temperatures available upon request)

Tuned frequency According to harmonic distortion. Any tuned frequency.




ARTECHE POWER QUALITYCustomized solutions.


2. RACK MOUNT CAPACITOR BANKS AND HARMONIC FILTERS


SUBSTATION SUITABILITY


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ARTECHE capacitor banks and harmonic fi lters can be manufactured in a variety of voltage or reactive power requirements. ARTECHE can off er diff erent protection schemes. For example:

› Floating Wye. › Double Wye. › Fuseless. › H confi guration. › Voltage diff erential. › Grounded Wye. › Delta. › Internally Fused. › ... or any confi guration.

ARTECHE OFFER

ARTECHE standard designs meet among others, with the two main international standards:

› IEC 60871, IEC 60549. › IEEE STD 18 and CSA ratings.

APPLICABLE STANDARDS

Capacitor systems for reactive compensation and harmonic fi lter systems are available in rack mount confi gurations for use in either covered or open construction substation applications. Rack mounts are manufactured with hot zinc immersion galvanized steel or aluminium.

Capacitor banks and harmonic fi lters are shunt connected to the system to provide reactive power. In the case of harmonic fi lters, the banks are tuned or detuned to reduce or eliminate harmonics that may be present in the system.

Banks can be manufactured in various VAr and Voltage requirements. The banks can be either fi xed or switched with protection options.


GENERAL DESCRIPTIONCAPACITORS:

ARTECHE supplies single phase or three phase capacitors with stainless steel cases. Capacitors are free of PCB’s and available in powers from 50 up to 1.000 kVAr (individual units). These capacitors can be either externally fused, internally fused, or fuseless. Each unit has a discharge resistor to reduce the voltage between the terminals to 50 V in fi ve minutes or 75 V in ten minutes according to IEEE and IEC standards respectively.

CAPACITOR FUSING:

In case of externally fused capacitors, fuses used are expulsion type.

TUNING REACTORS:

For Harmonic fi lters tuning reactors are added. ARTECHE supplies reactors with iron core or air core as per customer request.

INRUSH REACTORS:

Are necessary in the capacitor banks for the purpose of limiting inrush currents and back-to-back switching events..

SWITCHING ELEMENTS:

Switching elements are specially designed for handling capacitive loads. ARTECHE off ers the best technical solution on project basis, and supplies capacitor switches, contactors, or circuit breakers depending on the specifi c application.

CONTROL AND PROTECTION RELAYS:

Multifunction relay, overcurrent, voltage, neutral, and automatic control functions are available.

SURGE ARRESTERS:

Surge Arresters protect the capacitor banks from voltage surges and lightning.

CUT OUTS:

Power main fuses can be used as disconnecting switches with manual operation.

ZERO VOLTAGE CONTROL:

Available with capacitor switches, this type of equipment is not a standard design and must be requested specifi cally. Capacitor switching phenomena are minimized.

INSULATORS:

Porcelain station post insulators meet IEC or ANSI standards.

STRUCTURE:

Galvanized steel or aluminium

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS:

Automatic capacitor banks require voltage and current signals which may be provided by the customer or obtained from the bus through instrument transformers already in place. Current transformers or voltage transformers can be supplied for neutral unbalance protection depending on the bank connection type.

GROUNDING SWITCH:

The grounding switch ensures that capacitors are fully discharged for maintenance.

CONTROL CABINET:

Used for capacitor banks or harmonic fi lters with automatic control. Can be either outdoor or indoor assembled. The main protections are neutral unbalance and overcurrent protection. Other schemes are available.




Capacity ANY kVAr rating

Voltage Up to 245 kV

Frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz

Type Fixed or Automatic

Capacitor type

Internally fused

Externally fused

Fuseless

Service Outdoor

Structure Galvanized Iron structure or aluminium

Temperature range -30 to 50°C (Other temperatures available upon request)

Tuned frequency According to harmonic distortion. Any tuned frequency.

› Rack Mount Capacitor Banks.



3. POLE MOUNT CAPACITOR BANKS


The most eff ective way of reactive power compensation is achieved when the capacitor banks are distributed over the entire electrical system, the same way inductive loads are distributed. The reactive compensation reduces the load on the electrical infrastructure installed upstream. Reactive power compensating as close as possible to the load leads to a better overall performance.

ARTECHE off ers a full range of pole mounted solutions to improve power factor, reduce heat, or improve the system voltage profi le.

Distribution systems typically carry energy in high voltage levels in order to avoid system losses. However, the lower the voltage and the greater the length, more suitable is the use of intermediate capacitor banks in the distribution system to restore or maintain the voltage level and to compensate reactive power. ARTECHE pole mounted capacitor banks meet in a simple, reliable and accessible way, the reactive power compensation and voltage level support needs in distribution lines.


Light, compact and easy to install, the structure that supports the equipment represents an important advantage when few space is available.

ARTECHE pole mounted capacitor banks have minimal maintenance requirements.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION



Frequency 50/60 Hz

Type Automatic / Fixed

Capacities from 150 kVAr to 1.200 kVAr as standard

Voltage Up to 38 kV

Connection

Wye

Floating Wye

Delta

ControlLocal

Remote

Communication Radio

› Pole Mount Capacitor Banks.



ARTECHE POWER QUALITYTrust and reliability.


4. STUDIES, SIMULATIONS AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT


ARTECHE off ers all necessary support to customers to provide the best solution and equipment depending on the requirements of the system.

Our engineering team performs electrical studies simulating both the steady state and transient conditions, so that the best solution in terms of reactive power compensation and harmonics cancellation can be designed for each individual project.

ARTECHE has the most reliable software and modelling tools, such as PSS/E, DigSilent, EMTP-AT, as well as our own developed and validated programs.

Among others, the following studies can be performed:

› Protective-device coordination studies. › Short circuit analysis. › Reliability studies. › Switching transient studies. › Load fl ow studies. › Power quality analysis. › Harmonic analysis. › Voltage support studies. › Dynamic stability studies. › Voltage stability studies. › System impact studies.

4. STUDIES, SIMULATIONS AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT

ARTECHE has worldwide experience in analysing the integration of renewable energies into electrical networks, particularly in the wind power sector:

GRID CODE VALIDATION

Simulation of complete wind farm (WTGs, transformers and electrical lines) to perform:

› Power fl ow analyses to determine electrical losses and voltage variations at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) for diff erent WTG power generation set points and power factors.

› P-Q curve generation. › Analysis of external equipment needed (voltage control ancillary services).

TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION

› THD calculation of the wind farm at the PCC (current harmonics and voltage harmonics).

› Analysis of external equipment needed (active or passive fi lters).

REACTIVE POWER GENERATION

› Analysis of equipment needed to accom-plish the power factor and voltage require-ments of the installation at the PCC.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

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HARMONIC FILTERING. - Steel S.A. · PDF file · 2014-12-08and are an integral part of the capacitor bank. As an option, ... technology is not a standard design and must ... Harmonic