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Virtual Reality (VR) hardware
input device - measures and records physical phenomena electronically, creating digital signals that the computer understands
output device - changes electronic signals into physical phenomena and provide sensible data
virtual reality system - follows software instructions in assembling, processing and displaying all the data involved in creating a virtual world in real-time
Input DevicesOutput DevicesVirtual Reality System
VR Input Devices
six degrees of freedom(6DOF) 2DOF devices - measure movements along
the X and Y axes 6DOF devices - measure movements along
the X, Y, Z axes AND orientation of an object Examples of 6DOF devices - flying mouse,
wand, forceball and dataglove
Flying mouse similar to mousebecomes 6DOF sensor when lifted
off the desktopelectromagnetic sensors built-in
Wandsimilar to a flying mouselacks mouse ballcontains position-tracking sensor
and designed to be held upright
Forceballball mounted on small, stationary
platformtwist, squeeze, press down, pull up, and
turn side to sideuses LEDs and photoreceptors inside the
base to measure force
Dataglovecaptures relative movement of fingers,
thumb and wrist allows the hand to grasp, move, or
interact with virtual objectsincludes position sensor
VR Display Devices
3-D Glassesuses a red and blue colored lens
to combine into stereoscopic
Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs)with head-tracking devicesLCD shutter glasses are synchronized to two
alternating separate views of the same scene
What is an authoring tool? An authoring tool is a tool to help
you in building something, in this case, a VR world
There are a lot of authoring tools out there and one of the most common tool used and found is the Notepad (or any other text editor)
Other Authoring Tools
Any 3D modeler (that may or may not support exporting to VRML 97 format) Example : 3D Studio Max,
Lightwave Studio, Maya World builders that are specific to
VRML Example : Cortona, Interactive
VRML World Builder
Advantages vs. Disadvantages Text Editor
Advantages : Able to have full control over the
model Building sleek and slim codes Gain better knowledge and port it
to world builders Disadvantages :
Long coding times for large worlds Human typo errors
Advantages vs. Disadvantages Generic 3D Modelers
Advantages : Wide variety of built in tools More comprehensive then most
world builders Disadvantages :
Not optimised for web development
Advantages vs. Disadvantages VRML World Builders
Advantages : Optimised for web Most are able to port to the web
which can be viewed directly (to HTML format)
Disadvantages : Not very comprehensive Sometimes might generate errors
which are hard to debug
How does it work?
Records down all vertices and positions of all objects in the scene
Records down other info like material and lighting
File uses .wrl extension Other formats can be converted to
VRML 97 format by using 3rd party softwares
Future of Authoring Tools X3D-Edit is a new tool for
Extensible 3D Graphics (Virtual Reality is one of it)
X3D-Edit uses XML tagset defined by the X3D Compact Document Type Definition (DTD) in combination with Sun's Java, IBM's Xeena XML editor, and an editor profile configuration file
Programming Tools & Libraries OpenGL
Needs no introduction DirectGraphics
A component of DirectX Only works on Windows
Java3D Java-based Less mature than DirectX and
OpenGL
Programming Tools & Libraries CAVE
Full-fledged projection-based VR system
CAVE library is the SDK GHOST SDK
Toolkit for developing touch-enabled applications.
Programming Tools & Libraries VR Juggler
Library used as framework for app development
Controls rendering, VR devices, projection, etc.
Not a visual development environment.
Java (2) SDK v 1.3 standard tool used automatic installation java3D as an extension to libraries
MS Visual J++ has to be hacked into to enable
java3D might cause a problem
Programming Tools & Libraries
Activate - VRML2 Toolkit for C/C++ Developers allow adding VRML97 files into MS
Windows products needs a C++ compiler
VIPER: The NIST VRML97 Parser analyses and checks for error in
VRML97 files
Programming Tools & Libraries
AVATARS
An image representing a user in a multi-user virtual reality space.
Creature in a virtual reality world that has been endowed with life and may interact with each other.
Used for training, simulation, public speaking and cyber conference.
INTELLIGENT AGENTS
A virtual being capable of carrying out a task towards a goal while requesting and receiving advice in human terms.
Used mainly for data mining such as in www.google.com and databases of companies.