Harasewych, Strauss - 2006 - A New Record of Introduced Cerion ( Gastropoda Pulmonata Cerionidae ) in Southeastern Florida

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    THENAUTILUS120(3):94-100,2006 Page94

    AnewrecordofintroducedCerionGastropoda:Pulmonata:Cerionidae)nsoutheasternFloridaM.G.HarasewychDepartmentofInvertebrateZoologyNationalMuseumofNaturalHistory' SmithsonianInstitutionWashington,DC20013-7012USA Harasew)'[email protected]

    JosiahStraussDepartmentofGeologyandGeophysics TexasA&MUniversity Collegetation,X77843-3115USA [email protected]

    ABSTRACTAlarge,well-establishedcolonyofthelandsnailgenusCerioniseportedromDelrayBeach,lorida,arnorthromherangeofthenlyativepeciesnFlorida,Cerionncanum(Binney,851)ndtsubspecies,ndromhewell-documentedpopulationsntroducedyPaulBartschduringthearly0'^Century.AlthoughhurricanesaverequentlybeenproposedsgentsoflongdistancedispersalofCerionspecies,theDelrayBeachColony ismoreprobablytheresultofintentionalntroductionsuringhemid-20' Century.Themorphologyoftheshellsin thiscolonyisuniformexceptforthedegreeofpigmentation,yetitdoesnotmatchpreciselyanyofthefourteennamedtaxafromtheLittleBahamaBankortheBiminislands,henearestndmostprobableourcesoftheintroducedpropagules.Rather,thephenotypeappearsto com-bineelementsofseveraltaxafrom bothislandgroups,suggest-ingthattheDelrayBeachColonymaybe resultofhybrid-izationmongnimalsrommultiplenddisparatentroduc-tions.AdditionalKeywords:ntroducedspecies,andsnails,ybrid-ization,Bahamas.INTRODUCTIONThelandsnailgenusCerionhaslongbeenknownforitsextrememorphologicaldiversity,especiallyinthefaunasof Cuba,heBaliamas,andCaymanslandsseeWood-ruff,1978,ndreferencesherein).AlthoughtheoldestCenozoicrecordsofthegenusarefromtheOligocneofwesternFloridaTableA;Figure,),Cerionsim-itedto singlepecies,Cerionincanumwithfoursub-speciesrorms,eeTableB;igure,)nheRecentfaunaofFlorida(Pilsbry,1946:163,fig.77).ThespeciesinhabitsnearshorevegetationfromKeyBiscaynesouthwardhroughoutheloridaKeysoKeyWest.Severaluthorse.g.,Binney,851:53;ilsbry,902:213;907:93 ;946:62 ;Dall,905a:0)aveug-gestedthatC.ncanumisnotdirectlydescendedfromaFloridaOligocnepeciesbutatherromCerionhatre-colonizedheFloridaKeysromCubaollowinghe

    interglacialhightandshathadcompletelyubmergedsouthernFloridaduringhePleistoceneHeartyetl., 1999).Pilsbry1902:213)egardedCerionncanumobemostloselyelatedoheCuban.maritinum(Pfeiffer,1839).TheCerionaunafFloridahadbeenignificantly

    increasedhrough eriesfwell-documentedxperi-mentalransplantationsofnon-nativepeciesbegunbyBartschin1912seeBartsch,1912;1920;1949,andref-erencesherein).Bartsch'snitialntroductionswereconfinedtotwospeciesthathesubsequentlynamedCe-rionasablancaeartsch,920,ndCerioniaregisBartsch,1920,bothfromAndrosIsland,Bahamas.EachofthesewasntroducedoeveraloftheFloridaKeys,includingtheDryTortugashatwerehoughttobede-voidfCerionncanumTableC).Bartschaterx- pandedhisxperimentsoncludentroductionsfnadditionalozenpeciesromCuba,uertoRico,Curaao,ndeveralBahamianslands,oitesnheDryTortugas,speciallyFortJeffersononCardenKey,andLoggerheadKey.Hemonitoredndeportednthesentroducedoloniesordecades.Mostofthen-troducedcolonieshaveincediedout,butseverale.g.,CerioncasablancaeonndianKey)lourishohisday,andomee.g.,.iaregisnNewfoundHarborKeyandC.asablancaeonBahiaHondaKey)havehybrid-izedwithheative.ncanumseeBartsch,920;WoodruffandGould,1987).Weaveecentlyncountered izeableolonyof

    CerioninDelrayBeach,Florida(Figure,*),arnorthoftheknowndistributionofnativeCerionincanum(Fig-ure1,)andthesitesofBartsch'sintroductions(Figure1,).TheDelrayBeachColonyinhabitsvegetationonseasideandunesetweenheAtlanticOceanndRouteAlA,romAtlanricAvenue2627.696',8003.483'W)northwardonearhenorthernimitoftheGulfstreamGolfCourse2629.284'N,003.218'W),whereheunesndvegetationreeplacedyprivatehomesthat extendto the beach.TheseCerionaremostbundantustouthfGeorgeBushBoulevard(2628.350'N,8003.373'W),andnearthenorthernend

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    M.G.HarasewychandJ.Strauss,2006 Page95

    Table.ThefamilyCerionidaeinFlorida,A.FossilTaxa(ailOligocne,romBalastPoint,TampaBay)

    Cerion(Eostrophia)anodontaDali,890.Cerion(Eostrophia)anodontavar.floridanumDali,890.Microcerion floridanumDali,915.B.Living,NativeTaxa(withtheirtypelocalities).

    CerionincanumincanumBinney,851).Key West.Cerionincanumfasciatuni(Binney,859).KeyBiscayne.Cerionincanumsaccharim,eta'Blanes' ilsbryandVanatta,899.SugarloafKey.CerionincanumvaccinumPilsbry,902.Key Vacca.C.Non-nativespeciesofCerionintroducedintentionallytotheFloridaKeysandtheDryTortugasbyBartsch,1912-1924.

    CerionviaregisBartsch,920.FromAndros,Bahamas,ntroducedto:SecondBaggedKeyNorthofSandsKey;TeaTableKey;DuckKey;NewioundHarborKey;Key West;BocaGrandKey;GardenKey;LoggerheadKey;ManKey;BoyKey.CerioncasablancaeBartsch,920.FromAndros,Bahamas,ntroducedto :FirstBaggedKeyNorthofSandsKey;SandsKey;ndianKey;BahiaHondaKey;LoggerheadKey.CerionFaracerion)tridentatumPilsbryandVanatta,895.FromCubaintroducedto:Key West;GardenKey,northsideoftheparapetatFortJefferson;LoggerheadKey.CerionmumiaSowerby,834).FromthepointatMiramar,Cuba,ntroducedto:GardenKey,northsideof thepara-petatFortJefferson,LoggerheadKey.Cerionchrysalis"Ferussac"Beck,837).FromnearCabanasFort,Cuba,ntroducedto :GardenKey,northsideoftheparapetatFortJefferson,LoggerheadKey.CerionsculptumPoey,858).FromnearthelighthouseatMariel,Cuba,ntroducedto:GardenKey,northsideof theparapetatFortJefferson.Cerion"n .p."Young.FromEastof thepointatMariel,Cuba,ntroducedto:GardenKey,northsideoftheparapetatFortJefferson.Cerionp.small,mottled].FromAndros,Bahamas,ntroducedto:BirdKey.Cerionp.Mottled.FromNewProvidence,Bahamas,ntroducedto:LoggerheadKey.Cerioncrassilahris"Shuttleworth"owerby,875).FromPuertoBico,introducedto:LoggerheadKey.CerionuvaLinne,758).FromCuraao,introducedto:LoggerheadKey.Cerion"mayori"no tclearifthisisatypographicalerrorforC.mayoiMaynardandClapp,920,ramanuscriptname).FromMiddleBight,Andros,introducedto:LoggerheadKey.UnspecifiedCerion.FromPuertoBicoand"ElSalvador,"introducedto:LoggerheadKey.CerionincanumBinney,951).ourceunspecifiedFloridaKeys],introducedto:LoggerheadKey,ManKey,BoyKey.

    ofGulfstreamGolfCourse2629.247'N,003.229'W),wheredensitiesexceeded5ndividualspersquaremeter.Thesnailsinthiscolonyarefairly uniformin theirshellmorphology(Figures3,5-8),butvaryindegreeofpigmentationfrompurewhiteFigure7)toweakly(Fig-ure,)orstronglyfigures,4)mottledwithobliquebandsofbrown.ManyCerionesearcherse.g.,ilsbry,907;Mayr

    andRosen,956;Clench,957;GouldndWoodruff,1978)acceptedthehypothesisthathurricanesplayasig-nificantroleinthelongdistancedispersalofCerionpe-ciesandareamajorfactorindeterminingbiogeographicpatternswithinhegenus.Aeviewofhistoricalhurri-canerackshttp://hurricane.csc.noaa.gov/hurricanes/ viewer.html]evealedhattheLittleBahamaBankandtheBiminiIslands(bothwithin120kmofDelrayBeach)aretheclosestpotentialsourcesforthiscolonyunderthisdispersalcenario.However,ntentionalumanntro-ductionduringhemid-20*enturys,nour'iew,morecredibleexplanationorheoriginofthisolony.Dr.dwardetuchpersonalommunication)e-countedoushisonversationswithheate ..ndT. .McGinty,inwhichtheyacknowledgedintroducingateastixifferentBaliamianopulationsfCerion,

    "mostlyfromWestEnd(GrandBahamaIsland)andtheBiminiIslands,"tothevicinityoftheirhomeinBoyntonBeach.Thesesecond-handaccountsofCerionintroduc-tionsreivenredenceynarliereportfnanomalouspopulationofanotherlandnail,Liguusfas-ciatusMller,774),romearbyBoyntonBeach(Craig,1973)hatwasubsequentlydocumentedsbe-ingthedescendentsofanintentionalintroductionbytheMcGintybrothersKriegerandAustin,975).Whethertransportedby hurricaneorntentionallyntroduced,themostprobableourcesortheDelrayBeachcolonyareheCerionaunasoftheLittleBahamaBankoroftheBiminislands.NinepeciesorubspeciesofCerionhavebeende-scribedromheLittleBahamaBankClench,957)(Table,igures-18).GouldndWoodruff1978)reducedheseaxaowoemispecies,.hacoensisPilsbryandVanatta,895,ndC.endalliPilsbryandVanatta,896,asednmorphometricndllozymestudies,utotedhathearioushellmorphotypescouldbeocalizedopecificegionsonheLittleBa-hamaBank.Clench1935:0)onjecturedhatCerionilleri

    (Pfeiffer, 1867), describedromDuckKey, Exuma

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    Page96 THENAUTILUS,Vol.120,No.3

    Figure1.istributionoftheGenusCerionin Florida.LateOligocene-EarlyMiocenespecies(triangle,T).Recent,nativespecies,Cerionincanumandsubspeciesdiamonds,) .Non-nativespeciesof CerionintentionallyintroducedtotheFloridaKeysandtheDryTortugasby Bartsch,1912-1924(circles,).NewrecordofintroducedCerioncross,*) .ProbablesourcesoftheintroductionaretheLittleBahamaBankand/ortheBiminiIslands.atelliteimagemodifiedfromthatavailableathttp://visibleearth.nasa.gov. Group,mightctuallyberomDuckKeynCherokeeSound,ffAbaco,otinghateouldotndny"DuckKey"nheExumaGroupnmodernmaps.GouldndWoodruff1978:81)ommentedhatfClenchwerecorrect,C.milleriwouldbecometheseniorsynonymofC.endalli,butnotedhatheyouldnotverifyPfeifferslocality,ndthatsimilarmottledCerionoccurhroughoutheBahamas,ncludingheExumas.PerusalofNauticalChart26-D(DepartmentoftheNavyHydrographieOffice,965)evealsDuckCaytobeo-catedwestoftheouthernendofGreatExumasland(2327.22'N,7602.60'W),upportingPfeiffer'sorigi-naltypelocalityandexcludingthistaxonfromtheaunaoftheLittleBahamaBank.TheCerionfaunaoftheBiminiIslandsconsistsoffive

    namedtaxa(Table3,Figures19-23).Clench(1942)hadsynonymizedthreeofthetaxaCerionpillshuryiPilsbryandVanatta,897,.anonicumall,905,nd.northropiDall,1905),but later(Clench,1956)henamedanothertaxon.MayrandRosen1956)concludedthatitwasnotpossibletoclassify theexistingcoloniessimply in

    termsfhreeominalpecies,ndotedhatomecoloniesormedhighlyvariablehybridpopulations.TheransplantationxperimentsfBartsch1920)

    documented thatcoloniesresultingfromsingleintroduc-tionsetainhemorphologyoftheirparentaltockormultiplegenerationsfollowing transplantation.However,mostCerionspecies"ybridizereelywhenom-mingled.ntheshortterm,suchhybridpopulationspro-ducemorphologicalandmoleculareaturesnotevidentinitherparentpopulationBartsch,920;Woodruff,1989).Over periodofdecades,hehybridphenotypeandgenotypemaybegraduallyassimilatedntohatofthenumericallydominantaxonWoodruffandGould,1987),yetevenaftermillennia,racesofpasthybridiza-tionmaypersistsareaeffectsGoodfriendandGould,1996).ShellsromtheDelrayBeachcolonydonotresemble

    preciselyanyofthefourteennamedtaxafromeithertheBiminislandsorheLittleBahamaBanksmightbeexpectedifthisolonywereheesultofasinglentro-duction.Rather,DelrayBeachcolonyCerionexhibitat-

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    M.G.Harasewychand.Strauss,2006 Page97

    Figures-8.ivepecimensfntroducedCerionromorthernndofDelrayPark,DelrayBeach,lorida2628.23'N,8003.39'W),USNM086626..pecimenA..pecimenAoatedwithmmoniumhlorideohowculpturaldetails..SpecimenB.5.SpecimenBcoatedwithammoniumchloridetoshowsculpturaldetails.6-8.SpecimensC-E,weaklypigmentedorunpigmentedpecimens.Figures9-18.eriontaxafromtheLittleBahamaBank.9.CerionabacoensisPilsbryandVanatta,1895,lectot)pe,ANSP25337,Abaco,Bahamas.0.CerionmaynardiPilsbryandVanatta,895,ectot)pe,ANSP25338,Abaco,Bahamas.11-12.Cerionaba-coensisbendalliPilsbryandVanatta,1896,11.Lectotype,ANSP25343,GreatAbaco,Bahamas.12.Lectotypecoated\wthammo-niumchloridetoshowsculpturaldetails.13.CerionowenioweniDall,1905,lectot)pe,USNM179436,LittleAbaco,oppositeMarshHarborandBidingPoint,GrandBahama.14.CerionowenireticulatumDall,1905,lectotype,USNM179443,SugarLoaves,Abaco.15.CerionowenincisumDall,1905,ectotype,USNM179440,StrangerCay,NWofLittleAbaco.16.CerionowenivermiculumDall,1905,lectotype,USNM179442,MathewsPoint,southsideofGreatAbacoBahamas.17.CerionchrysaloidesPlate,1907,MCZ116008,EightMileBock,GrandBahamasland.8.CerionucayanorumClench,938,paratype,MCZ116018.NWportionofMoressland,32milesNWofSouthwestPoint,GreatAbacosland,Bahamaslands.Scalebar morllpecimens.

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    Page98 THENAUTILUS,Vol.20,No.3Table2.eriontaxadescribedfromtheLittleBahamaBank,listedchronologically,togetherwiththeir typelocalities,primarytypespecimens,ndubsequentnotesondistribution. CerionabacoensisPilsbryandVanatta,1895.Abaco,Bahamas.Lectotype,ANSP253.37aBaker,1963:206),nowANSP25337,4paralectotypesANSP411926.GouldandWoodruff(1978:379,ig .)eportthathisphenot)pesestrictedtoheCross-ing,GreatAbaco.

    CerionmaynardiPilsbr^'andVanatta,1895.Abaco,Bahamas.Lectot)pe,ANSP25338aBaker,1963:206),nowANSP25338,4paralectotypesANSP411925.GouldandWoodruff(1978:379)eportedindinghisphenotypeonlynearHole-in-the-Walllight,onGreatAbaco.

    CerionabacoensisbendalliPilsbryandVanatta,1896.GreatAbaco,Bahamas.Lectotype,ANSP25343aBaker,1963:206),nowANSP25343.GouldandWoodruff(1978:igs.1-3)eporthathisphenotypesbroadlydistributedonGrandBahamas-land,LittleAbaco,ndnorthernandcentralGreatAbaco.

    CerionowenioweniDall,1905.SouthideofLittleAbaco,Bahamas.Lectotype,USNM179436originallyillustratedpecimen(Dall,1905b:pi.8,ig .12)sheredesignatedsheectot)'pe],17paralectotypes,USNM1086731.Dall1905b:443)e-portedtheypicalformooccuronLittleAbaco,GreatAbaco,ndGrandBahamasland.Theypeocalit)'ishatofthelectotype.

    CerionowenieticulatuniDall,1905.SugarLoavesRocks,NWofElbowCay,GreatAbaco,Bahamas.Lectotype,USNM179443originallyillustratedpecimenDall,1905b:pi.8,ig .)sheredesignatedsheectotype],3paralectot)'pes, USNM086732.

    CerionowenincisumDall,1905.StrangerCayBeach,NWofLittleAbaco.Lectot)'pe,USNM179440originallyillustratedspecimenDall,1905b:pi.8,ig .0)sheredesignatedsheectotype],4paralectotypes,USNM1086733.CerionowenivermiculumDall,1905.MathewsPoint,outhideofGreatAbacoBahamas.LectotypeUSNMYl^AiiZoriginallyillustratedpecimenDall,1905b:pi.8,ig .3)sheredesignatedsheectotype],3paralectotypes,USNM086734.

    CerionchrysaloidesPlate,1907.EightMileRock,GrandBahamasland,MCZ116008.CerionucayanorumClench,1938.NWportionofMoressland,32milesNWofSouthwestPoint,GreatAbacosland,BahamaIslands,paratype,MCZ116018.

    tributesofeveralofhepotentialourceopulations. Thebroadshellswithfewer,tallerwhorls,alonger,moreacuteconicalportionofthepire,andthinparietalcallusaremostimilaroC.pillsburyiandC.ximiumemeri

    fromheBiminislands.However,hetrongibbing,patternsofpigmentation,swellshehape,ize,andorientationoftheperturendcolumellamoreloselyresembleaxafromheLittleBahamaBank,particularly

    Figures19-23.erionaxafromtheBiminiIslands,Bahamas.19.CerionpillsburyiPilsbryandVanatta,1897,ectotype,ANSP72136a.GunCay.20.CerioncanonicumDall,1905,lectotype,USNM127460.GunKey.21.CerionnorthropiDall,1905,lectot)pe,USNM125135.OneofthewesternmostisletsnearGunCay.22.CerionbiniinienseHendersonandClapp,1913,ectotype,USNM252849.SouthernendofNorthBiminiCay.23.CerioneximiumemeriClench,1956,holotype,MCZ186830.EastBimini.

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    M.G.Harasewychand.Strauss,2006 Page99 Table3.erionaxadescribedromheBiminislands,istedhronologically,ogetherwithheirypeocalities,primaryypespecimens,ndubsequentnotesondistribution. CerionpillsburyiPilsbryandVanatta,1897.GunCay,Bahamas.Lectotype,ANSP72136aBaker,1963:207),nowANSP72136,3paralectotypesANSP411921.

    CerioncanonicumDall,1905.GunCay,Bahamas.Lectot)pe,USNM127460originallyillustratedpecimenDall,1905b:pi.58,ig .13)sheredesignatedsheectotype],4paralectotypes,USNM1086735.

    CerionnorthropiDall,1905.Bahamas,probablyoneof thewesternmostsletsnearGunCay.Lectotype,USNM124135origi-nallyillustratedpecimenDall,1905b:pi.8,ig .11)sheredesignatedsheectot)pe],2paralectotypesUSNM1086736.

    CerionbiminienseHendersonandClapp,1913.SouthernendofNorthBiminiCay,Bahamas.Lectotype,USNM252849origi-nallyillustratedpecimenHendersonandClapp:913,pi.4ig .10)sheredesignatedsheectot)pe],158paralectotypes,USNM1086737.

    CerioneximiumlemeriClench,1956.Holotype,MCZ186830.SouthernipofEastBimini,Biminislands,Bahamas.

    C.bacoensisndC.weniweni.hellmorphologysuggestshattheDelrayBeachcolonymaybeheesultofhybridizationofsnailsromwoormorepopulationsintroducedromhenorthernBahamasomeimeneartheiddleofhewentiethentury.uturegeneticanalysesmayaidnhedentificationoftheourceBa-hamianpopulationorpopulationsorheDelrayBeachcolony.

    ACKNOWLEDGMENTSWearemostgratefultoDr.EdwardJ.PetuchofFloridaAtlanticUniversityforsharinghisecollectionsandrem-iniscencesofconversationswithheMcGintybrothers,andfortaking part ininitialsurveysfor introducedpopu-lationsoCerionbetweenManalapanandsouthernDel-rayBeach,Florida.WelsohankPaulCallomon,De-partmentofMalacology,AcademyofNaturalSciencesofPhiladephia,andAdamBaldinger,DepartmentofMala-cology,MuseumofComparativeZoology,ortheloanoftypepecimensnheirare.hisesearchwasup-portedbyNSFGrant#EAR0106936.ThissmithsonianarinetationtFortierce

    ContributionNumber653.

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    Bartsch,P.1920.Experimentsnthebreedingof Grions.Pa-persoftheDepartmentofMarineBiology,Carnegien-stitutionofWashington,14(282):1-54,pis.1-59.

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