Happiness Factor: Who’s Happy and Why? October 3, 2014 Phil Johnson, Ph.D. From Copenhagen, Denmark Global Next Research Group www.globalnext.org

Are you happy? Would you know it if you were? How would you actually define happiness? The

founding fathers of America bothered to include the “pursuit of happiness” as one of the inalienable

rights of all humans. Of course, the right to “pursue” happiness is not necessarily a guarantee of

finding happiness.

But according to the latest World Happiness Report, a few countries seem to have managed to

discover happiness - and topping that list is Denmark. According to the report, “happiness” was

measured based on the level that a nation enjoyed social support, freedom to make life choices,

generosity, perceptions of corruption, life expectancy and GDP per capita. On a scale from 1 to 10,

Denmark scored a 7.693, followed closely by Norway (7.655), Switzerland (7.650), Netherlands (7.512)

and Sweden (7.480). While happiness is something that people talk about, evaluate and chase, I was

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intrigued as to how people would define it and what - if anything - they would give up to achieve it.

So, I was off to Copenhagen to find out just what it was that the Danes had discovered and to see if

they were as happy as the recent data suggested.

THE HEART OF HYGGE One of the first Danish concepts that I heard

about was “hygge” The Danes will tell you that

there is no exact English translation for the

word, but generally, it means “coziness.” (By

the way, when people around the world tell me

that they have words, values, or concepts that

cannot be translated into English, it makes me

want to spout off English words that also are

never “exactly” translatable into other

languages, like “entrepreneur,” “stuff” or

“Black-Friday Sales.”)

Hygge is that sense of closeness, warmth and belonging that helps sustain Danes through the long

dark winters. And through difficult times. Add some good food and candles and it’s part of the social

support that Danes enjoy that contributes to their perception of being “happy.” But when I spoke to

immigrants who were trying to make a new life in Denmark, they expressed that this “Danish

happiness” was a bit illusive for them. Apparently finding hygge is not so easy if Denmark is your

adopted country. Sanjay, from India, has been in Denmark for more than a year. Is he happy? Not yet.

He says that it’s been hard to break in to society and that it took him a long time to make friends. The

friends he has made are other immigrants.

THE FREEDOM FACTOR High on the list of factors that indicate happiness and satisfaction is the freedom to make choices. So,

it seemed like the place to check out “freedom of choice” was Christiania also knows as the Freetown

of Christiania - a little enclave of Copenhagen that doesn’t actually believe that they are part of

Denmark - or the European Union for that matter. They are a self-proclaimed autonomous

neighborhood that started in 1971. As an anything-goes-community, they have been shut down,

reopened, raided by police and remain a source of controversy. Cannabis is openly sold and used here

and to a large degree, has been tolerated by the authorities. Sort of.

Would I find more happiness here? There seemed to be expanded “freedoms” in this neighborhood,

so I assumed I might find more “happiness.”

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The first person I spoke to was Trina. She is an artist. Painting puts her in a good mood. Smoking

marijuana puts her in a better mood. Me and my questions definitely did not put her in a good mood.

To be fair, she was busy putting together a luncheon, had paintings to attend to and her joint wasn’t

going to roll itself. A nosey journalist did not add to her quality of life.

Jannik, a young shop owner told me that the

government in Denmark provides well for the

people - which meant that he could provide well

for his “extracurricular” activities. But recently he

realized that in addition to government support,

he would have to get a job. That did not make

him happy.

Moustafa Petersen, a 19 year-old half Moroccan

- half Danish student, told me that his definition

of happiness was a good party. And yes, he was

happy to have free education and security from

the government. But he was mostly happy for

parties.

The one thing all these residents of Christiania

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had in common was the answer to this question: “Given the wealth of your country, your relative

security, your freedom of choices and opportunities - how would you most like your life to be

remembered?”

The answer was always the same from this group of people: “I don’t need to be remembered for

anything.” For them, happiness was for the moment - and lasted no longer than the day, the party or

the money in their pockets.

HAPPINESS OR SECURITY? But Christiania is just a small slice of life in Denmark. I was sure

there were other perspectives, so I turned to my friend Simon

Christiansen, a photojournalist in Copenhagen who works for

Berlingske Media. Simon and I had both done some journalistic

work in Lebanon in the past, so I knew he had seen other parts of

the world - less secure parts of the world. I was eager to hear

what he thought about happiness.

I told Simon that the more I spoke with people in Denmark and

the more I looked into the factors that determined which countries

and which people were happy, I couldn’t help but see a consistent

trend. People were ranked happier when their government

provided more security.

Does security equal happiness? Do you think that’s accurate?

“Personally for Danish people, life is really simple. The Danish community and the welfare is such a

good foundation for being happy - free education, good social support. But there is also a concept in

Danish culture called “jante” which tells us to be humble, not to promote yourself, don’t try to be

better than others and to keep your expectations reasonable.”

To me that sounded more like security and contentment - which are great things - but not exactly

happiness. The principle of “jante” might teach people contentment and a limit, but not really

happiness. What about ambition? What about risk? What about fulfillment?

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Should life have deeper meaning and fulfillment?

“Personal fulfillment is very important for my happiness. I try not to obsess about it, but so far, things

have gone well. I admit that it can become a bit boring if everything is working out. You don't have

anything to risk...no chances to take - things become dull.”

What about religion? Does that play a role in someone’s happiness?

“Denmark is a Christian, secularized country. I am not

religious, but I don’t exclude it. Personally, religion does

not play a role in my happiness. But I do feel that I have a

lot of faith and spirituality. God equals the universe. I like

to delve into my inner world through nature or

meditation. There is as much to be found in the inner

world as in the outer world.”

What if the world changes? What if what seems stable now becomes unstable? Where will the source of your happiness come from when all of this security is gone?

“There would definitely be more pressure, it might make

me a bit more career minded and serious, but I think I would still keep my same values - to contribute,

to help and to volunteer.”

Lars Rievers, an editor at Berlingske Media and co-worker of Simon echoes similar sentiments. He

believes that happiness can be found in friends and family. He also believes that doing work that

“makes sense and matters” also contributes to happiness.

When I asked Lars if he thinks that government programs and security add to happiness, he told me

“not completely.” He went on to explain that he has family in the United States. He said that when his

mother (in Denmark) is ill or needs care, he calls the government and tells them to take care of it. His

family in the US tells him that when their parents or family members have problems, they don’t call the

government, they rely on family and friends to help. He says, “There is something right about doing it

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that way - that personal commitment to taking care of our own. There might be some happiness in

that as well.”

I asked Lars is he would trade security and accept risk if it added more meaning to his life?

“Yes, at this point in my life - yes. But I think that people at different seasons of their life would answer

that question differently. Right now I have less to lose - so I can afford to take more risk.”

Simon Christiansen agreed that deeper meaning would be worth the risk. So, how does Simon, a

single guy in his 20’s, brimming with potential, want to be remembered 100 years from now?

“I want to be remembered for my attitude and my presence. I want to be remembered as a person

who was very devoted and who took responsibility for the things I want, rather than complaining and

worrying about it. I want to be remembered for being optimistic.”

GENETIC OPTIMISM Ah, the “Danish Optimism.” There is actually a theory about that too. Researchers from the University

of Warwick evaluated information from 131 countries and found that the closer a nation was

genetically to the Danes, the happier its people were. In summary, when it comes to the gene that is

linked to low levels of life satisfaction, fewer Danes possess this version of the gene - and therefore are

not as susceptible to depression or unhappiness.

And that might end up being really important - because as most of us have figure out, the world is not

stable and security is an illusion. The pursuit of happiness may have a head start when you live in a

wealthy, stable, socially-oriented nation - but it doesn’t guarantee the kind of happiness that resonates

in your soul and that exists regardless as to your circumstances or geographic location. That kind of

enduring happiness requires a life of meaning, purpose and the pursuit of fulfillment - and it is

“location independent.” That sort of abiding happiness often includes risk and getting out of one’s

comfort zone.

True happiness, I believe, involves living for something outside yourself, bigger than yourself and it

doesn’t always come with guaranteed security - or even a guaranteed successful outcome. But that’s

life - and a good life doesn’t just consist of an easy existence. But if you are fortunate enough to have

the advantages of wealth, security and friends - I think the world expect deeper attempts at living

bigger and experiencing deeply fulfilling happiness - not just static existence. But don’t worry too

much about happiness and the state of the world - my optimistic Danish friends will tell you,

“everything will work out OK.” They’re just happy like that.

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