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1994 CEDAR WorkshopBoulder, ColoradoJune 20-25,1994
CEDAR Prize Lecture
by Raymond RobleHAO/NCAR
Modelling the Circulation, Temperature andCompositional Structure of the Upper
Atmosphere (30-500 km)
TGCM TEAM
HAO
B. Cicely Ridley
Ben Foster
Art Richmond
Baraibara Emery
Bill Roberts
Gang Lu
Maura Hagan
Mathematical analysis auid development
Processors, display and diagnostics
Electrodynamics, AMIE
Auroral Parameterizations, AMIE
AMIE displays
AMIE/TGCM r\ms and analysis
TGCM/DATA analysis and tidal boundaries
ViCKiUsa/) U.cF ARIZONAcoiJLXsofiiaoRs
CASANDRA FESEN
STEVE BC^KSHER
JEFF FORBES
DAVE FRITTS
VICTC« F(»1ICHEV
TIM KILLEEN, ALAN BURNS, PAUL HAYS
FRED REES
GONZALO HERNANDEZ
GEOFF CROWLEY
FRANK MARCOS
CTC., ETC., ETC.
PhV^cs
1980
1989
1991
1992
1996
LONG RANGE MODEL DEVELOPMENT
IonosphereDynamoMSISAurora
SolarTides
DynamoAurora
Solar
Tides
Aurora
Solar
Tides
Aurora (GEM)Solar (RISE)
Aurora (GEM)Solar (RISE)
TGCM
(100-500 km)
N /
TIGCM
(95 - 500km)
N /
TIE-GCM
(95 - 500 km)
\ /
TIME-GCM
(30-500 km)
N /
CCM/TIME-GCM(0 —500 km)
Atmosphere ExplorerD)mamics ExplorerRadar and Airglow
Atmosph^e ExplorerDynamics ExplorerAir Force
CEDAR
Atmosphere ExplorerDynamics ExploreSan Marcos
CEDAR
GEM
UARS
ISTP
CED^GEM
Air Force
UARS
EOS
Global ChangeTIMED
Fig. i Schematic illustrating past and future TGCM development. The year of modeldevelopment and diminishing dependence on empirical specification is givenon the left of the boxes and the programs and data sources used for GCMvalidation and scientific studies is givw on the right. CCM refers to the NCARcommunity climate model.
TIE-GCM OUTPUT
• Neutral gas temperature, T„
• Neutral winds, U^V^W
• TTftight of constant pressttre surface, h
• Neutral composition and deoaty
Major - O, O2, and iV2
Minor - iV(2£>), JV(45), iVO, iTe, and
• Ion composition
0+(2p), 0+(2D), o+(45), isro+, OtrNt,and Srij = -
Ion temperature, Ti
Electron temperature, Te
• Global distribution of electric fields E and currents J
SOLAR EUV, UV, AND AURORAL INPUTS
ION DRAG
~THERMOSPHER£STRUCTUREAND WINDS
TIDES
"IonosphereDIFFUSION
WTTHIONDRIFT
TIE-GCM
EMPIRICAL
ION DRIFTMODELS
SOLAR EUV, UV, AND AURORAL INPUTS
lONOSPBERE0+ DIFFUSION
WITH ION DRIFT
/PHOTOCHEMISTRY
/THERMOSPHERE
STRUCTUREand WINDS
i \
V«x-
J xB
TIDES
MAGNETOSPHERICELECTRIC FIELD
E » B DRIFT
\IONOSPHERIC
DYNAMO
TIE-GCM350 km, 0 UT, Equinox. Solar Maximum
(a) NEUTRAL TEMPERATURE AND WIND90
m
1.'Ly'^ 4 i
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL AND ION DRIFT
lOOOO
aajgg^=f^j^l4-^^ it 11 iL
300 m/s
NCAR
THERMOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE-ELECTRODYNAMICS
GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL
(TIE-GCM)
• Primitive equations of dynamic meteorology adapted to ther-mospheric heights
• Eulerian model of the ionosphere
• Horizontpl grid 5® latitude x 5® longitude, geographic
• Vertical grid - 25 constant pressure surfaces, 2 grid points perscale height, 95 to 500 km
• Time stef 240 or 300 S
• Global dynamo with realistic magnetic fidd
INPUT :
• Solar EUV and UV radiation 5 to 250 nm
• Empirical ionospheric convection and auroral particle precipitation models
• Structure of upward propagating tides and other featiires frommiddle atmosphere
THERMOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE-MESOSPHERE-ELECTRODYNAMICS
GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL
(TIME-GCM)
• TIE-GCM is extended downward to 30 km (10 mb) altitude
• Major species transport for O2, iV2, and 0x{0 + O3)
• Minor species transport for H2O, ff2» CH4, CO, CO2, NOxiNO + N02)^HOxjH + HO2 + OH)
• Minor species in photodiemical eqtiilibrium for N(^D), ^2^2,02(^Ap), and 02C^g)
Z.TS-4.•^NLTE- CO2 radiational cooling (Fomichev parameterization) j
• Fritts gravity wave parameterization
• Boundary conditions
(a) Lower: specified mixing ratios for O2, N2, H2O, H2, CH4,CO2, COyOx^ aB:d NOx ^"5 — tO ^
(b) Upper: diffusive equilibrium for all species except \SF wbereexospheric escape is specified
(c) Dynamics based on tidal theory at various frequencies (10 mb)tOiHQ (SeoP^TSfJTiAL. Hcf6HT J)aTA
• D^region ion chemistry
• Energetic electron and proton particle degradation
MAJOR TIME-GCM OBJECTIVES
How deep into the atmosphere do effects of solar variabilitypenetrate?
How do disturbances from lower atmosphere affect middle(30-100 KM) and upper atmosphere (100 - 500 KM)?
+ Couplings
* Solar Radiative
* Auroral
* Chemical
* Radiative
* Electrical
* Dynamic
How will the upper atmosphere and ionos^ere respondto global change?
l70^i^S
260^55
0 -20
LATITUDE
5.2, MAXIMUM 352.0, CONTO
0 -20
LAT
-39.20, MAX
0 60 8
L 7.5
CLM
(m/s)LON- -100.00 UT- 0.00
/I ^ J--r-;/ ' -
III''--'' >>%»"•
VVV ' » «H'«i- ' /IMl^/ /Ml
20 0 20
LATITUDE
MIN -76.24, MAX 77.43, INTERVAL 10
niST0RY-/R0DLE/RGR92/TISEZ3
NftfOlO
90
70 ^CD
- 50
L 30
•!« • .v.;
SUMMERit'Eastcrly
\N esterA
w caihcf
Source
y-f.-; - V#">.v>
AMELTER\Studv Region
m\ \ 1Wave Breaking
WesterK
Or.-^grarhicSo^-.
Gravit% Wa^e ;url>(#nc€>
WINTERWesterly
Gravity Waves PropagateIf They Have Tlie Correct Phase Speed.
Thus They Are Present Both In The Winterand Summer vj' ' , •;1'- ^ .A-.
Stratosphere And Mesosphere.
, "f ^ ^
mm..
, /.-••• >• ••• •• •• s-
•\ ti?'' :
-. -r :
V
U)
o k;
?3
o C3
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IGH
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M)
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110 -
100 -
X 80 -
40 -
-u) -A/H
S^STiC te
4 h
2
0
-2 -
-4 -
VU ZONAL MEANS UT= 0.00 (TIS0G9)
"1 « 1 »——r 1 1 r 1 1 r
0-
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+ (00
(Shl^TUJAIIS>J)
/ s ^ ^60'
-12 -- O 20-
14 -
-16
-0-
-0-
±a I I I I I ^
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
LATITUDE
MIN -152.0, MAX 114.5, INTERVAL 20
oJtHTcJ^
330
270
210
hl50
- 30
9
^vMeiTiflliavAA I
TIMESGCM VN
LAT = 17.5 UT = - 0.0
-60 0 60
LONGITUDE (DEC)
I • I : I . 1 1 1—
20 0 4
LOCAL TIME (HRS)
-99.16 -14.97 69.22
CONTOUR -TOO. TO 100. BY 25.0 (MIN,MAX = -99.2,69.2)
HISTORY/R0BLE/RGR93/TSEQBZ4 ( 6: 0; 0)
U)i MTIMESGCM VN
LAT =17.5 UT = 0.0
-60 0 6'
LONGITUDE (DEC)
20 0
LOCAL TIME (HRS)
-59.36 0.7361
CONTOUR -100. TO 100. BY 25.0 (MIN,MAX=-59.4,60.8)
HISTORY /R0BLE/RGR93/TSEQBZ4 ( 6: 0: 0)
u)£AK ,
5^B»c
i!M
SCiiJiilOo/, ^LAR. mia).
VN LAT= 17.50 UT= 0.00
•330
•270
210
-150
Xo
-90^
^ 30-153 -100 -50 0 50
LO«GITUO£
12
(a)
_L A. Jl
16 20 0 4 8 12LOCAL TIKE CHRSI
MINIMUM -117.1. UAXIUUU 75.3. CONTOUR INTERVAL 20
UT= t7.50 UT= 0.00
7] -330
-270
r210
150
12
(b)
5- 903
-150 -100 -50 0 50
• LONGITUDE
100 150L- 30
±. X J
16 20 0 4 a 12LOCAL TIME (HftSl
UINIMUU -110.0. UAXIUUU 74.0. CONTOUR INTERVAL 20
oktMB\oS'
S 1o ,||"S»
t •
1 • ll***
I'***
V". If"'
LATITUDE
UlNiUUM -87.22, UAXUIUU 91.20. CONTOUR INTERVAL 10
D U)^ ^M, •'F. WiaIii
DIURNAL (1,1) TIDE AT SPRING E^^UINOX
(MERIDIONAL COMPONENT) "I I 11 nil B "r I I i'in|" ' i 130
100
o
TIMB-GCJI : SOUD
HRDl {SYMBOL
CUSSICAL: DASHED
I mil t III init 11 I • II
20
-it 4-^ ^ -
TIldB-CCM : DIAMOND
HRDl : TRIANGIE
» ' ' • J.
10 100 1000 -180 -120 -60 0 60 120 180MODE AMPLITUDE (M/S) AT UTs20 PI1ASE(DEGRB£S}
(3><=3
In;70O
tJ• •
<Af
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TIMESGCM TN (UN+VN) ZP = -9.0 UT
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itf4-f^ ^_j
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LONGITUDE (DEG)
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TIMESGCM TN (UN+VN) ZP = -7.0 UT
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'c ifn-- •-N ^ -• -•—4- '^-^VrA-./...:-.^' ....:-> • •^•••^''ww*v;,
, ~^"-'-^.w4Y—,
^ -••v- -:^^:::---^ ' •
LONGITUDE (DEG)
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TIMESGCM 01 HT = 97.0 UT =
'•••"•-"•"•' • . —• '• -•••. 4-0 xitr
. •'̂ ,^-V.:w.tii|̂ lll^-^ ^1' gm.,.
-180 -120 60 0 60
LONGITUDE (DEC)
20 0 4
LOCAL TIME (HRS)
4.170e+11
Y)(o j ")
5.578e+11
CONTOUR 3.00E+n TO 6.00£+n BY 5.00E+10 (MIN,MA^«2,76E+11.5.58E+11)
HISTORY /R0BLE/RGR93/TSEQBZ4 ( 6: 0:. 0)
(o^, (L^
LAT= 2.50 UT
U0l^6i Tid.
m.
LONGITUDE
MIN 3.009, MAX 11.524, INTERVAL .6
HIST0RY=/R0BLE/RGR93/S0LGU8
LOGIO 03
r7.2-
-7.6-
•9.2-
-10.0-
-10.4-
-8.8-
•9.6-
•11.6-
•12.0-
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t:>Ufi
-50
2-5Q UT= 0.00
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Lft fl
L7.2
/ 1
11
•a.8.
•10.0-•9.6-
•9.2^
90
-11.2- 50
0 50
longitudeWIN 6.022, MAX 12.518. INTERVAL
HrSTORY=/ROBLE/RGR93/soLGU8
f
100 150
Su»tsi^
r
ZP= 2.0 UT = 0.00
-150 -100 -50 0 50
LONGITUDE
j I I
100 150
12 16 20 0 4LOCAL TIME (HRS)
UlN 437.8. MAX 767.5. INTERVAL 25
HIST0RY-/R0BLE/RCR92/TISSZ4340 U/S
>
-150 -100 -50 0 50
LONGITUDE
j_> I I
100 150
12 16 20 0 4LOCAL TIME (HRSl
IflN 150.63, MAX 204.52, INTERVAL 4
HIST0Ry»/R0BLE/RGR92/TISSZ4155 M/S
>
ZP=-11.0 UT = 0.00
-150 . -100 -50 0 50
LONGITUDE
J I I
100 150
12 16 20 0 4LOCAL TIME (HRS)
ION 187.00. UAX 214.21. INTERVAL 2
HIST0RY-/R0BLE/RCR92/TISS24130 U/S
>
rio£
12
I
12
12
120
Q.M
.XCD>—4
llJX'
TN ZONAL MEANS UT= 0.00
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
LATITUDE
MINIMUM 120.3. MAXIMUM 332.6. CONTOUR INTERVAL 20
Hsisqa TKi (deg ki zonal meansDAY=355 UT= 0.0 F107= 67.0 F107A= 72.0 AP= 4.
T
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40
LATITUDE
HIN 137.4. MAX 367.3, INT 20
-240
120
UN ZONAL MEANS UT= 0.00
h-X
2;
XCJ1-4
LJX
120
r
\ \ I N \ \-1V\
. <yj.-80 -60 -40 -20
MIN -53.56. MAX 75.90, INT 10
//
HWM93 UN (M/SI ZONAL MEANSDAY=355 UT= 0.0 F107= 67.0 F107A= 72.0 AP = 4.0
\ \ ^\ WN/"*-—
-40 -20 0 20 40
LATITUDE
MIN -63.42, MAX 61.38,. INT 10
Ptf>Tfc/)TiA L ( |0 v*i Id ^ 3^ ^
UTIME=12: 0 FIELO=H
20. -90. -60. -30.LO
iDiOti^ L
Z=-17.0
i\
LJQ
< _
UJ
o
<'_j
80
12
12
^£^lDlOAlA^- U)fAfr^
I
-150 -100
VN
RAW DIFFERENCE FIELD
ZP= -7.0 UT= 0.00
<?7
-r50 0 50
. LONGITUDE
1 I !
16 20 0 4
LOCAL TIME (HRS)
MIN -27.93, MAX 30.70, INTERVAL 4
ZP=-15.0 UT= 0.00
. ^
m
-1.50 -100
16
-50 0 50
•LONGITUDE
j 1
20 0 4LOCAL TIME (HRS)
100
8 12
150
8 12
^ 70
UIiaJT) Dipt
Uf.^- W ("/s)
UN
RAW DIFFERENCE FIELD
ZONAL MEANS UT= 0.00tt n I i
I lip I \ \ \ \ • N ^
fn \^ AV/
'ilnA
/ / / /^/ / J^11 />V / \
/ I I t ' t ' / ^ \' // f I I ' / y- ^''.\\\\^ ~
' I I I I t I , ^ ^/ 'I I ' I ' t rI ' ''''' f \'\\*M1'K ' t t I I t I , 1^ /-^ \^ iiUlH
Jiism\ . ////'/ JE ' / /f UmM
' /^;&>^';'T; 11--N ''n \ ^ ^ \ ^ ^"///'/'"-
-•" ----fTTV-. ^ \ \\^ ^ ^
60 -40 -20 0 20
LATITUDE
MIN -12.53, MAX 3.78, INTERVAL 1
DIFFS FROM T17PW9 MINUS T17LB2
5(p<4}W4
Q 20
< -20
E3PERCENT DIFFERENCE FIELD
ZP=-15.0 UT= 0.00
•"
3S- --P43I—
5 20
-40
^60
-80
12
-150 -100 -50 0 50
LONGITUDE
! ! I I
100 150
16 20 0 4
•LOCAL TIME (HRS)
MIN -17.47. MAX 6.38, INTERVAL 1.5
OH
8 12
PERCENT DIFFERENCE FIELD ^ZP= -9.0 UT= 0.00
^
> / ' 1/ 1 '
/ " -___ ✓ /'
II.
"U
III•s. tl
-150 -100 -50 0 50
LONGITUDE
J I L
100 150
12 16 20 0 4 10
TIMESGCM Z (UN+VN) ZP = -7.0 UT
-60
LONGITUDE (DEG)
LOCAL TIME (HRS)
TIMESGCM Z (UN+VN) ZP = -17.0 UT
-
^ \ \ \ \
•H- -* -S. V. ^ t
'n** .••««»i.*.
-120 -60
.LONGITUDE (DEG)
LOCAL TIME (HRS)
^IS5tM8S
m
A
LOCAL TIME (HRS)
r
!t
I
i-i
1
PERIMUM
Ill'*--**"
iri^--
PERIMLAT=-'27.5
E
<D"D3
(Q
O^CjO^
t90
no
105
100
95
90
85
80
192
Colo.
spring.dat
-193
/ %%
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160
110
108-
106
1 OkA1 iff**
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100
98
961-XC3
94
lU 92X
90
88
86.^
84 •
82 -
80
170 180 190 200
Temperature (K)210 220
LAT. LON ^ 42.50. -105.00 (FT. COLLINS)-
195 200 205
.0)
fco /f OA X «T7 A
o 203
~ 202
DQPPLER TN (DEG K) (from E5577)LAT.LON = 2.50. 0.00 (EQUATOR)
196 —'—'
0 .3 6 9 12 15 18 21
UT (HOURS) (MTIMES 00 00=00 TO 01 00:00)
J I L • • I J I L
0.00 4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00
. LOCAL TIME (HRS) {LON= 0.00)
MIN, MAX= 0.1961E+03. 0.2069E+03
0
0.00
SwmiHAPV
^ UP /IaIQ
l^lANNiN^ -——> CSDAi^ 57*14 D/e5
^ C^AnR^UcJ) SX^BAttAetfTs
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