INDEX

AAbraham, 88Absolute, 54, 67–70, 76, 83, 85, 89,

150, 189–190, 198, 209, 238,241–243

Achilles, 196Action, 3–8, 10, 15–18, 22–25,

28–29, 32, 43, 50, 84, 128, 158,190, 193, 197, 205, 215, 220,225, 227–229, 235, 237,239–240, 242

auto-telic, 26in Heidegger’s reading of

Aristotle, 107, 109moral vacuity of, 28and rights, 140–141

Adam, 81Aesthetic, see KantAgamben, G., 138Agonism, 11, 33, 37, 41, 43–44, 48,

136, 183, 185, 187Aletheia, 6, 8–9, 33–44, 73–74,

97–106, 136, 243vs. correspondence concept of truth,

101–102Alienation, see World-alienationAlterity, 77, 79, 182, 227–228,

243–244

American Constitution, 157American Federalists, 55Animal laborans, see LaborAnonymity, 22, 66, 217

See also Rule, by nobodyApollo, 75Arato, A., 143Arche, 9, 33, 49–50, 53, 83–84,

105–109, 113, 116, 127,139, 141

in Heidegger’s reading ofAristotle, 105–109, 113, 116

Archimedean point, 79, 120Aristotle, 23, 26–27, 32–33, 37, 74,

98, 100, 102, 104–109, 113,117–118, 160, 177

See also Heidegger, interpretation ofAristotle

Artperformance, 7, 16, 22–23, 34,

44–45productive, 7, 16–17, 20, 26, 99

Athens, see Greece, ancientAtropos, 72Augmentation

of constitutional foundations, 8, 15,22, 50–51, 55, 229, 237

of historical possibilities, 103

© The Author(s) 2017T. Tchir, Hannah Arendt’s Theory of Political Action,International Political Theory, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-53438-1

247

Augmentation (cont.)of interpretations, 197, 220, 229of power, 53of space of appearance, 54–55, 152

Augustine, St., 8, 18, 36, 70, 80–83,238, 242–243

and historical origin, 81–84Austen, J.L., 238Authenticity, 42, 107, 113–114, 116,

118, 235See also Heidegger

Authority, 19, 24, 53, 85, 89–90, 243Roman, 86–87of speech community, 238–239See also Tradition

BBakan, M., 160Balibar, É., 53, 138–139Barder, A., 237Barthold, L.S., 81–82Beauty, 47, 145, 147–149, 178,

180–181, 189, 194–195, 208,226–227

Beginning, 17, 23–24, 33, 50, 53–54,80, 83, 88–89, 104–105, 131,195, 211, 213, 221

Beiner, R., 174–176, 181, 183,187, 192

Bell, V., 77Benhabib, S., 47, 49, 117, 126, 159,

162, 182, 186–187, 220, 222–223Benjamin, W., 11

angel of history, 224collector, 222, 226fragmentary

historiography, 205–206,220–227

historical materialism, 224Messianism, 223–224revolution, 224

Bernauer SJ, J.W., 66–67, 87–88Bernstein, R., 157, 163, 176, 191Bickford, S., 45Bilsky, L., 173Biography, Arendt, 1Birmingham, P., 40, 83–84, 140–142Blücher, H., 2Blumenfeld, K., 1Bodin, J., 19Body, 128, 160Bottici, C., 241Boundary situations, 79–80Boyle, P., 81Breen, K., 53, 55Burch, R., 68Bureaucracy, 112, 159Burke, E., 137–138

CCane, L., 29–30, 32, 161Canovan, M., 130, 137Capitalism, 78, 126, 134,

145–149, 159Cascardi, A., 188–190, 208Castoriadis, C., 241Cavell, S., 238–240Christianity, 31, 49, 66–67, 71, 76,

81, 86–88, 121, 190, 211Citizenship, 10, 19, 36–37, 45–46,

55, 66, 133–135, 137, 139, 236Civil disobedience, 52Clotho, 72Cocks, J., 19, 55Cohen, J., 143Communicability, 178, 180–184, 188,

193–197Communism, see Marx, classless

societyCommunitarianism, 5Community

cosmopolitan, 183–184

248 INDEX

as family, 131international, 240of judgment, 172, 175–176, 179,

181, 183–185, 187–188,195, 239

political, 5, 12, 15, 45, 81–82, 172,182–183, 188, 229, 236, 241

and rights, 138–139, 140of speech, 238–240

Compassion, 155–156Concentration camps, 2, 4, 130, 142,

172, 217Conscience, 18, 75–76

call of, 30, 114, 117, 243Consensus, 185–187, 239, 242Consumerism, 46, 144–145Contemplation, 69, 71, 79, 209

in Heidegger, 98–99,105, 117–119

Councils, 28Courage, 32–34, 116, 196Covenant, 51, 86, 88–90

See also PromisingCulture, 67, 144, 198

Jewish, see Jewish cultureCurtis, K., 41, 48,

174, 187

DDaimon, 6–8, 11, 65, 67–68, 70–79,

84–85, 89–90, 114, 119,197–198, 227–229, 242–243

Damocles, 52Dasein, see HeideggerDemocracy, 141, 159,

161, 187–188Diamantides, M., 85–87, 89Dietz, M., 4, 40, 44Diotima, 74Disch, L., 28, 40, 51,

181, 186

Divine, 6–8, 12, 53, 55, 65, 67–71,73–77, 80, 82, 84–86, 89–90,104, 209, 227–228, 242–244

See also Theos; TranscendenceDostoevsky, F., 155–156Doubt, 77Doxa, see OpinionDreyfus, H., 120

EEddon, R., 224Eichmann, A., 2, 38,

77, 172–173Eidos, 17, 32, 48,

102, 106Energeia, 26, 35, 37Enlarged mentality, see KantEpictetus, 18Episteme, 33, 105Equality, 5, 23, 28, 36, 41,

45, 51–52, 81, 127, 131,134–135, 139–140,154–155, 157, 185

Ergon, 20, 106, 127See also Work

Essentialismin Heidegger, 109–110phenomenological, 126

Eudaimonia, 74, 107–108, 237Event, 11–12, 24, 37, 46, 101, 103,

176, 187–188, 205–206, 210,213–214, 223, 227, 237

in International Relationstheory, 237

Evil, 31, 191, 218banal, 2, 78, 173radical, 85

Exchange value, 10, 46–47, 129,144–146, 236

Exemplary validity, 151, 195–196,216, 225, 227

INDEX 249

Existential illusion, see Illusion, ofdivinity

Exploitation, 55, 135,153–154, 157

FFacticity, 173, 213Fascism, 224

See also NazismFederalism, 51, 143

See also American FederalistsFeher, F., 155–156Feminist interpretation of

Arendt, 42–43, 45Feuerbach, L., 134Finlay, C., 53–54Forgiving, 52, 88Fortuna, 4, 25–26, 30, 36, 48, 50Foundation of political

communities, 4, 8, 15, 22, 49–50,53–55, 85, 156, 225

Fraser, N., 182, 184, 190Freedom, 10–11, 15–20, 22, 24, 27,

156, 158, 160, 210judgment, as purpose of, 188moral, 31, 150from necessity, 129, 157, 160, 180non-sovereign, 9, 16, 22–23, 68, 238and rights, 139–140of the will, 15, 17–18, 27, 51, 150work model of, 10, 151–152, 163See also Heidegger

Friendship, civic, 36, 43Functional logic, see Instrumentality

GGadamer, H., 98Game playing, 37Gender, 43–44

Gendre, M., 119Genius, 6, 11, 71, 189, 195–197, 228Genocide, 133, 143

See also HolocaustGivenness, 32, 40, 83–84, 141–142,

176, 228, 244Global civil society, 28, 141Globalization, 78Glory, 4, 29, 50, 218Goodness, 66, 72,

88, 156Gottlieb, S. Y., 224, 227Greatness, 25, 30, 50, 195, 214Greece, ancient, 1, 3, 6–8, 22–23, 27,

33, 46, 48, 50, 65–66, 71, 73, 86,88, 97–98, 100, 129, 132, 138,175, 177, 213–214, 223

Guignon, C., 101, 103, 112Guilt, 114, 116–117, 121

HHabermas, J., 185–187, 239Hansen, P., 148Happiness

material, 152public, 152See also Eudaimonia

Havercroft, J., 238–240Hayden, P., 36, 78, 134Hegel, G.W.F., 10–11, 35, 41, 90,

104, 135, 148, 150–151, 153,163, 190–191, 206–207,209–216, 218, 225, 227, 237

cunning of reason, 90, 207,209–211

dialectics, 153, 210, 212–214, 217Geist (Spirit), 150, 190, 206, 209,

211, 213–214, 227philosophy of history, 151, 206,

209–214, 226–227See also Freedom, work model of

250 INDEX

Heidegger, 1, 4, 6, 8–9, 30, 33–34,44, 67, 70, 72–74, 97–121, 136,154, 217, 222–223, 235,242–243

Aristotle, interpretation of, 98,105–109, 113, 115, 117

authenticity, 107, 109–119Dasein, 6, 8–9, 30, 33, 73–74, 107,

109–119freedom, 97–98, 104historicality, 103productionist ontology, critique

of, 98–107, 120solipsism, 38, 98,

117–118, 242subjectification, 99, 104, 109,

120–121technological enframing, 99,

120–121will, critique of the, 104, 109See also Aletheia

Hell, 76, 83, 85Heraclitus, 71Herzog, A., 220, 226Hinchman, L., 80Hinchman, S., 80History

fragmentary historiography, 11,205–206, 218–229

teleological philosophy of, 11–12,26, 33, 49, 176, 194, 205–207,210–218, 225, 237

See also Benjamin, angel of history;Fragmentary historiography;Hegel, philosophy of history;Heidegger, historicality;Historical materialism; Kant,philosophy of history; Marx,historical materialism

Hitler, A., 145Hobbes, T., 66, 238Hoffman, P., 115

Holocaust, 4, 52, 66, 78Homer, 23Homo faber, 10, 17, 20, 27, 47–48,

116, 121, 144, 147, 151, 215Honig, B., 38–39, 43Honohan, I., 223, 225Humanitas, 8, 65, 79, 198Husserl, E., 104,

118, 223

II-Can, 26–27, 194Ideology, 11, 96

as superstructure, 126totalitarian, 2, 11, 46, 172, 206,

216–217Illusion

of divinity, 8, 12, 68, 210, 242–243as healing countermemory, 4of sovereignty, 20

Imagination, 82, 109, 146–149,178–179, 181, 183, 189, 194,196–197, 218, 220, 241

Immortality, 47, 66, 68, 71, 118–119,206, 214, 216

Impartiality, see Judgment,disinterested

Imperialism, 2, 132–134, 142, 229Impersonality, 44, 136Indigenous people, 55Individuation, 23, 80, 82, 98, 112,

115–119, 130, 144, 150, 236in Arendt’s response to

Heidegger, 116, 119in Heidegger, 112–113, 115–117

Ingram, J., 140, 142Instrumentality, 10, 16–17, 20,

26–28, 30, 35, 40, 53–54, 80,105, 121, 126, 134, 152, 158,184, 235–236, 240

in Heidegger, 99, 105, 112, 121

INDEX 251

Inter-esse, see InterestInterest, 45, 53, 110, 130, 156,

160–161Interiority, 27, 34, 70, 128International ethics, 240International relations, 131, 141–143,

237, 240Intersubjectivity, 5–6, 11, 23, 45, 106,

116, 176intersubjective validity, 178,

182–186, 188, 239Isaac, J., 138, 140, 142Isonomia, 135, 138, 160, 184Israel, 39

JJaspers, K., 1, 6, 8, 35, 64, 67, 78–80,

109, 119, 125Jewish culture, identity, politics, and

religion, 38–40, 67, 242, 244Jews, 1–2, 38–39, 172

as pariah, 39Judgment, 3, 6–7, 9–12, 15, 30, 34,

39, 45, 65–66, 68, 70–71, 74–84,86, 88, 89, 109, 114, 115, 117,119, 136, 144–145, 163,171–202, 207, 208, 213, 218,220, 221, 225–228, 236,238–240, 242–244

determinant, 177, 195disinterested, 144, 171, 179–181,

191–192, 207, 227political, 10, 78, 171–188,

191–192, 195–196, 218reflective, 11, 173, 175–176, 180,

183, 189–190, 194–196, 198Justice, 125, 157–160, 224

See also Social, the social question

KKafka, F., 11, 205, 219

Kant, I., 6, 10–11, 19, 27, 30–31, 79,130, 150, 153–154, 163, 241

aesthetical idea, 197–198aesthetic judgment, 10, 171,

174–175, 178, 180, 187, 213cosmopolitanism, 174, 183–184,

192, 194, 207, 225enlarged mentality, 163, 179,

181–183, 187, 189, 207,209, 241

Heidegger’s critique, 110original compact, 193–195philosophy of history, 175,

205–206, 213, 237political philosophy, 174practical reason, 174–175, 180,

183, 191–192publicity, 191–192ruse of nature, 207–209sociability, 175, 194, 207subjective purposiveness, 194sublime, 189–190understanding, 181, 183, 194, 196

Kateb, G., 15, 28, 44, 50Kohn, J., 29, 38–39Kristeva, J., 24, 35, 48, 71, 116,

198, 205

LLabor, 10, 27, 133

abstract, 130, 145, 149animal laborans, 27, 128, 131, 144,

147, 158and freedom, 127–129, 135, 148glorification of, 9, 126, 134labor movement, 161non-alienated, 90, 135, 148–149,

206, 216See also Marx, labor theory of value

Lachesis, 72Lang Jr., A., 28

252 INDEX

Language, 73, 88, 186, 197–198, 222ordinary language

philosophy, 238–240Law, 19, 29, 36–37, 50, 53, 151, 156

command model, 86, 90of dialectical change, 214, 216divine, 67–68, 90of history, 12, 137, 173, 211,

217, 227international, 142–143moral, 180, 189–190natural, 66, 86, 89, 136,

216–217, 227positive, 137and rights, 138, 140Roman, 143

Lessing Address, 40Lethe, Plain of, 72–74, 84, 243

See also AletheiaLiberalism, 38, 137, 140, 188

neo-liberalism, 238, 242Liberation, 54, 156Life, 27, 32, 126, 128–130,

132–133, 147bare life, 138life process, 130, 132–133, 146,

153mere life, 27, 32, 130, 158

Logicality, 21, 178, 185, 209, 216See also Ideology, totalitarian

Logos, 100, 102–103, 118, 209, 213Loneliness, 21, 133, 172Love, 8

caritas, 80–81cupiditas, 80neighborly, 80, 82–83of world, 145See also Augustine

MMachiavelli, N., 30, 49–51, 136, 191

Manichaeism, 156Markell, P., 24, 37, 41–42,

161–162, 187Marshall, D., 176–177, 186Marx, K., 9–11, 35, 187

classless society, 90, 128–129,134–135, 206

class struggle, 151–152, 154, 206,215–217

commodity fetishism, 149communistic fiction, 130historical materialism, 46, 154, 224labor theory of value, 126, 145,

148–149, 158revolution, theory of, 153–154socialized humanity, 9, 126,

129–131, 134, 148, 150–151,158, 190, 215

species-being, 129, 145,148, 153

surplus value, 147See also Exploitation; Freedom,

work model of; LaborMask, see PersonaMass society, 129, 133, 145, 150,

155, 172Materialism, 114, 126, 180

See also Marx, historical materialismMcCarthy, M., 160McCourt, D., 237Melville, H., 156Metaphysics

Cartesian, 120fallacy of, 82, 101, 210two-world, 6, 69–70, 75

Methodology, Arendt, 98, 126, 154,161–162, 218

Milton, J., 146–147Mimesis, 32, 48Montesquieu, 26, 29–30Morality, 24, 31, 66, 70,

76–77, 208

INDEX 253

Morality (cont.)See also Thinking; Law, moral

Myth of Er, 6, 67, 72–74, 76, 84,100, 228

NNarrative, 5, 8, 11–12, 31–32, 35,

47–48, 55, 71, 74, 119, 159,176, 192, 195, 205–206, 222,225–227, 236

Näsström, S., 141Natality, 3, 8–9, 11, 24, 37, 47, 72,

80, 82–83, 88, 90, 115,140–141, 178, 187, 189, 224,227, 235, 237, 242

and rights, 140–141See also Beginning

Nature, 18, 120, 130–131, 144, 148,150–151, 189, 196

metabolism with, 128, 131, 145,148, 151

Nazism, 2, 21, 39–40, 130, 172–173See also Fascism; Hitler

Necessity, 10, 27, 30, 54, 66, 72,126–130, 149, 152–155,159–160, 173, 210–211, 213

See also Freedom, from necessityNous, see Contemplation

OOblivion, 47, 72–73, 100, 134, 187,

217, 220, 223, 227Oedipus, 71–72Ollman, B., 149, 154Omnipotence, 21, 69, 83, 85, 89Opinion, 5, 9, 11, 15, 23, 44–45, 48,

67, 69, 75, 97, 130, 136, 171,178–179, 181, 184–186,188–190, 208, 242–244

Heidegger’s critique, 98, 108,116–119

Oracle, 71, 75, 119, 198Owens, P., 51, 131–132,

137–138

PParekh, S., 77Parmenides, 69, 98Passerin d’Entreves, M., 177Paul, St., 18Pearl diver, 222–223, 228Performativity, 4–5, 187, 192

See also Art, performancePersona, 34, 44–45, 85,

135–136, 158Philosophy, Western tradition

of, 15–18, 20–21, 51, 205, 215See also Metaphysics

Phronesis, 9, 33, 105–109, 113,117–118, 175–176

Pitkin, H., 130, 148–149,153, 160

Plato, 3, 6, 16–17, 33, 49, 67, 69,71–72, 74–76, 98–100, 102,114, 118, 190, 193, 210

Plurality, 1, 3, 5, 8–9, 11, 16–17,20–21, 23, 25, 28, 35–37, 42–48,51–52, 55, 67, 69, 77, 79, 81–83,85, 98–99, 104, 111, 113,117–119, 126, 128, 130–132,141–143, 155–156, 163, 172,178, 182–183, 185–187, 190,208–209, 211–212, 216, 218,223, 228, 235–238, 242–243

Poiesis, 3, 9, 16, 20–22, 99, 105–107,109, 120, 127

Polis, 27, 33, 46, 118, 189Political parties, 28, 161Political, prioritization of

the, 158–163, 185

254 INDEX

Populism, 236, 241Power, 18–20, 48–49, 51–55, 87, 91,

134, 159–161, 213Practical reason, see Kant; PhronesisPraxis, 3, 9, 23, 98, 105–109, 117,

119, 127, 129, 151See also Action

Principle, 11, 29–32, 50–51, 66, 72,76, 80, 89–90, 107, 134, 141,152, 160–161, 186, 193–196,198, 206, 228, 240

Private realm, 9, 27, 101, 115, 126,132, 160, 162, 241

Process, 4, 20–22, 24, 33, 144, 151,173, 176, 206, 209, 213, 216,224, 227

See also LifeProgress, 132, 176, 189, 192, 197,

205, 207–210, 214, 217,224–225

Promising, 3, 43, 49, 51–55, 86, 88,117, 141, 244

See also CovenantProperty, 132–133, 148, 160, 162Public realm, 4, 6, 15, 22, 32, 36,

44–46, 49, 54, 65, 78, 89, 126,131–139, 141, 157, 160–162,185–186, 242

as spiritual realm, 65, 119Pucci, E., 225–226

RRancière, J., 139–140Rawls, J., 188Recognition, 36–38, 41–43, 45, 51,

66, 82, 134–139, 151, 214, 227,229, 235

Reconciliationto one’s own existence, 4, 32with the past, 48, 52, 218, 220–221political, 1, 42–43between thought and politics, 209

between thought and will, 212Redemption, 45, 52, 104, 187,

223–224, 226–227Refugees, 1, 78, 137Reification, 26, 48, 70, 88, 115, 149Reinhardt, M., 158Religion, 65–67, 76, 81, 85–87, 190,

241–242, 244Remembrance, 25–26, 34, 47–48, 50,

83–84, 128, 144, 212, 214, 217,219–223, 225–226

Representation, political, 27–28, 51Republicanism, 87, 143Responsibility, 10, 32–33, 38, 40, 49,

52, 55, 72–73, 78, 84, 87, 114,117, 136, 141, 173–174, 181,184, 187, 218, 229, 236–237,239–240, 243–244

Revolution, 15, 21, 49, 52–54,87, 224

American, 50–51, 53, 55, 152,156–157

Bolshevik, 211French, 53, 136–137, 152–153,

155–156, 192, 207–211, 223Hungarian, 28, 51Industrial, 127of 1848, 153, 161See also under Marx

Ricoeur, P., 51–53, 174–175, 180,194, 196, 225–226

Rights, 9, 134, 136–143right to have rights, 9, 125,

138–142, 236Riley, P., 174Roach, T., 88Robespierre, M., 85, 136, 155–156Romans, 44, 50, 53, 66, 86–87, 135,

143–144, 214, 223See also Authority, Roman; Law,

RomanRousseau, J.J., 19, 136, 156, 187, 239

INDEX 255

Rule, 2, 5, 15, 17–20, 22, 24,38, 51, 69, 89, 162,216–217, 238

by nobody, 158See also Anonymity

SSchaap, A., 41–43, 139Schmitt, C., 136Scholem, G., 2, 38, 172Secularization, 19, 65–66, 85, 87, 90Secular realm, 6, 12, 76, 85Security, international, 132Sensus communis, 11, 181–183, 185,

188–189, 195, 239Shakespeare, W., 222Skepticism, 238Slavery, 55, 154, 157Smith, W., 52Social

rise of the social, 9, 112,116, 129–132, 134, 158,236, 241

the social question, 10, 152, 154,156, 158, 160–161

See also Justice; Marx, socializedhumanity

Social contract, 51, 66Socrates, 7, 69, 71, 74–75, 136,

195, 243Solidarity, 40, 55, 161,

185, 217Sophia, 33, 105Sophocles, 71Sovereignty, 4–5, 7, 15–20, 24, 34,

42, 46, 49, 51–52, 54–55, 67–70,77, 89, 138, 142–143, 150,238–240, 244

limited, 52, 55, 138, 143organ vs. state, 143

Soviets, 28, 51

Space of appearance, 4, 6, 8, 27,46–47, 49–51, 54, 66, 126, 129,158, 185, 237, 243

Species-being, see MarxSpeech, 4, 40, 51, 54, 102, 126,

150–152, 156, 185, 188State, 129, 138, 236, 240

nation-state, 133–134welfare state, 132

Statelessness, 137Stern, G., 1–2Stoicism, 20Storytelling, see NarrativeStrauss, L., 98Suchting, W., 148Superfluity, 32–33, 78,

133–134Symbol, 4, 49, 118,

136, 208

TTaminiaux, J., 98, 101, 104–107, 113,

117–118Taste, 10, 23, 171, 176–181, 185,

188–189, 196–198, 208Taylor, C., 41–42, 150Techne, 9, 16, 33, 35, 99, 105–107,

120–121, 163Technology, 157

See also Heidegger, technologicalenframing; Techne

Telos, 5, 7, 17, 23, 26–27, 42, 44, 89,105–109, 116, 129, 175,185–187, 236–237, 243

Terror, 137, 155, 172–173, 211,216, 236

Theatre, 23, 25, 46–47, 135,217, 237

Theology, political, 8, 70, 85–87Theos, 66, 75, 89–90, 227, 242–243

See also Divine; Transcendence

256 INDEX

Thinking, 6–8, 67–68, 70, 76–79, 78,84, 220

two-in-one structure of, 8, 74–75,77, 82, 172, 228, 243

Thucydides, 22Time

gap between past and future, 205,218–219, 222, 228–229

in Hegel, 213homogenous, 224–225in Kafka, 219Messianic, 223vacant, 129, 145

Togetherness, disinterested, 40–41,45, 48, 55, 128, 135–136, 152,236, 244

Totalitarianism, 1–3, 10, 20–21, 24,29, 33–34, 46, 66, 130, 133, 140,150, 172–173, 218, 236, 238

See also Ideology, totalitarianTradition, 3, 8, 15–17, 19–21, 24, 51,

53, 67, 72, 81–87, 99–100, 103,109, 127, 142, 195–196, 205,215, 219, 221–222, 224,226–228, 239, 241, 244

Tragedy, 48, 139Transcendence, 6–8, 12, 44, 55, 68,

70, 79–80, 84, 89–90, 115, 119,241–243

Tully, J., 37Tyranny, 137

UUncanny, 68, 74, 77, 110, 114Unconcealment, see AletheiaUnions, see Labor, labor

movementUnited Nations, 142–143Use value, 10, 144, 146, 236Utility, 4, 47, 113, 146

See also Use value

VValid personality, 6, 8, 67, 74, 79,

119, 198, 235Varnhagen, R., 2, 39Vázquez, R., 225Villa, D., 33, 44, 98–100, 102,

104–105, 113–115, 117, 121,136, 163, 186–187, 212,218, 222

Violence, 3, 8, 20–21, 26, 49, 51,53–55, 78, 134, 136, 142, 153,155, 157, 178, 207–209, 211,224–226, 244

Virtu, 25, 35Virtuosity, 23, 25–26, 32, 34, 46,

151, 175, 177, 192–193, 195,206, 216

See also VirtuVisker, R., 84Vita activa, 2–3, 33, 100, 125,

128, 144, 162Vita contemplativa, 3, 71,

162, 174

WWaldron, J., 36War, 172, 192,

207, 218American Civil War, 55American Revolutionary War, 55

Waterfield, R., 71Web of human relationships, 21, 23,

25, 110, 117, 143, 191–192,197–198, 229

Wellmer, A., 28,159, 163

Westphalian system, 142‘What’, 4, 5, 34–35, 41, 43, 100,

105–106, 109–111, 115, 127,141, 158, 229, 235–236

INDEX 257

‘What’ (cont.)in Heidegger, 100, 104, 106,

110–111, 115, 120and rights, 141–142See also ‘Who’

‘Who’, 4–12, 15–16, 22–23, 27,32–37, 41–45, 48–49, 54, 70,73–74, 82, 85, 88–89, 97–100,104–106, 108, 112–116,118–119, 126–127, 132, 135,141, 143–144, 149–150, 152,155, 158–159, 177, 179, 187,192, 194, 198, 205–206, 208,216, 226–229, 235, 243

in Heidegger, 102, 104–106,108–110, 113–114, 116,118–119

and rights, 140–141, 143See also ‘What’

Williams, J., 141–142Will, see FreedomWittgenstein, L., 238Wolin, S., 157Work, 9–10, 17, 21–22, 128, 130,

145–146, 148–149See also Freedom, work model of;

Homo faber

‘World’, 5, 8, 11, 15–16, 23, 36, 73,82, 98–99, 107–108, 127, 150,155, 177, 235–236

and Augustine, 80–81as ‘in-between’, 10, 23, 36, 47, 121,

141–142, 219in Heidegger, 141–142, 151,

154–156, 165, 168World-alienation, 9–10, 125, 133,

145, 149–150, 223, 241World government, 142–143World War Two, 39Wrathall, M., 101

XXenophon, 75

YYeatman, A., 38Young, I. M., 182

ZZerilli, L., 35, 150, 182,

187–188, 198

258 INDEX