Handsworth Wood_LE_Ward_Profile

Life Expectancy Ward Analysis

Ward Profile: Handsworth Wood Tackling Health Inequalities: Life Expectancy

VERSION CONTROL AND DOCUMENT GOVERNANCE

Version 2

Date June 2009

Status Green

File location (public)

Filename and path to locate this document

Handsworth Wood_LE_Ward_Profile.doc 2


Introduction

Life expectancy is one of the main indicators for health inequalities. It has been set as the overarching work stream for tackling health inequalities in Birmingham by the Health and Wellbeing Partnership (BHWP).

This Ward Profile series aims to:

• Provide a detailed ward level picture of local health inequality context

• Describe life expectancy trend in each target ward

• Investigate into leading conditions that cause deaths locally to provide local focus for each target ward and

• Suggest future area/ factors for extended research

Authors Jeanette Davis (Public Health Information Analyst)

Chris Stephen (Public Health Information Analyst)

Mohan Singh (Public Health Database Administrator/ Analyst)

Iris Fermin (Head of Information and Intelligence)

Jim McManus (Joint Director of Public Health)

Information Telephone 0121 465 2995/2999 email: [email protected]


1. Summary

• Electoral ward Handsworth Wood is in the boundary of Heart of Birmingham Teaching PCT

• Handsworth Wood accounted for 2.60% of Birmingham’s population in 2006

• The age split of ward is predominantly children and young people [0-19] at 28.6%

• Black and Minority Ethnicity (BME) group split (67.4%) is higher than national average (11.3%) overall but lower than Birmingham (32.7%). This group accounted for 1.72% of the total population of Birmingham in 2001

• Handsworth Wood did not exist at the time the lifestyle report was completed so we are unable to comment on its lifestyle in this report

• Handsworth Wood is the 26th (out of 40) most deprived ward in Birmingham

• The latest extraction of 2005/07 reflects that:

o Life expectancy is at 75.7 for men, 81.3 for women in the year 2005/07

o Male life expectancy has increased by 4.1% (2.95 years, from 72.7 years to 75.7 years) from 95/97 to 05/07. The gap of male life expectancy between Handsworth Wood and England has widened by 0.1 year from 1.9 years to 2 years, which means an increase of 0.05%.

o Female life expectancy has increased by 4.8% (3.7 years, from 77.6 years to 81.3 years) from 95/97 to 05/07. The gap of female life expectancy between Handsworth Wood and England has shortened by 1.6 years from 2.1 years to 0.5 years), which means a 76% improvement on 95/97

o Circulatory diseases (30.97%), Cancers (25.74%) and Coronary Heart Diseases (15.63%) are the leading conditions that cause deaths in the ward.

o IMR has decreased by 10% since 1999/01 to 05/07


1 Local context: demographics and deprivation This section describes population demographics, deprivation and introduces comparisons with Birmingham and England to provide a local context for life expectancy inequalities.

1.1 Age and sex distribution The population of Handsworth Wood is estimated to be 27,979. This represents 2.6% of the population of Birmingham. Approximately 49.3% (13,798) are male and 50.3% are female (14,181). These estimations are based on ONS mid-year population 2006. The population pyramid (Figure 1.1) shows the age and sex distributions.

Population By Age Group and Gender

787

794

930

1185

1322

928

870

930

984

842

732

601

408

481

431

342

286

923

782

900

1204

1303

1010

1084

1060

1021

780

742

544

393

370

360

256

244

1500 1000 500 0 500 1000 1500

0-4

5-9

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80+Males

Females

Data source: ONS 2006 mid year population estimates

Figure 1.1 Population by age group and gender, Handsworth Wood 2006

Figure 1.1 illustrates:

• Children under school leaving age (i.e. age 0 - 19) represent 28.6% (7,505) of the population. Persons of retirement age (age 65+) account for 12.1% (3,912).

• The age structure of the ward shows that for the under 19s age group is 6.55 percentage points higher than the Birmingham average. Equally, the wards over 65 population are slightly higher than the city by 1,46 percentage points


1.2 Ethnicity Ethnicity has some influences in terms what kind of illness an individual could develop through their life. Thus, ethnicity analysis becomes a requirement in order to target health vulnerable people. Table 1.1 shows the ethnicity distribution in the Handsworth Wood population, compared with Birmingham and England.

• The % column in each of table 1.1 represents the percentage of the total population that fit into that ethnic group. The N* column shows the quantity of people in thousands that are from each group, for the ward, City and nationally.

• About two thirds (67.4%) of the population in Handsworth Wood are of non-white ethnicity (i.e. Black and Minority Ethnicity (BME) Group. Within the BME group, Pakistanis represents 5.5% Indian 37.8% and Black Caribbean 13.3%.

• The proportion of BME is 67.4% is approximately double the proportion of Birmingham (32.7%), and higher than that of the average across England (11.3%).

• White ethnicity (32.6%) is lower than both city and national averages.

Table 1.1 Ethnicity groups for Handsworth Wood (2001), Birmingham (2006) and England (2006)

Handsworth Wood Birmingham England

Ethnicity groups % N* % N* % N* White 32.6 8.4 67.3 667.0 88.7 45,018.1 Asian or Asian British 47.0 12.0 20.7 207.9 5.5 2,786.6 Black or Black British 15.9 4.1 6.7 67.0 2.8 1,403.0 Mixed 3.4 0.9 3.2 31.8 1.6 829.5 Chinese or other 1.1 0.3 2.3 22.9 1.4 725.7 Total 100 25.7 100 1,106.5 100 50,762.9

*population by thousand Data source: ONS population estimates by ethnic group mid 2006 for Birmingham / England. 2001 Census data for Ward

1.3 Deprivation According to Index of Multiple Deprivations (IMD) 2007 published by ONS, Handsworth Wood is the 26th most deprived electoral ward (out of 40) in Birmingham with an overall IMD score of 28.941.

Figure 1.2 shows SOAs by IMD quintile, 2007. Most of the area covered by Handsworth Wood is in the second and third most deprived SOAs in Birmingham. Table 1.2 shows the area covered by the ward and population density.

1 Ward level IMD score is calculated based on IMD score 2007 for SOAs and population weighting from

SOAs to Wards in Birmingham produced by Birmingham Strategic Partnership Information Sharing Group from the Birmingham City Council.


Ward Area

Area (KM2) Population Density (persons / km

2) Population Density – Working Age

16-64 (persons/km2)

6.857 4273 2712

Figure 1.2 Super Output Areas in Handsworth Wood by IMD quintile, 2007


2 Life expectancy trend Life expectancy is one of the most important determinant for health inequalities across the population; and there is evidence. This section gives an overview of life expectancy at birth in terms of trend and variations in different groups and communities.

Figure 2.1 shows trend of male expectancy in Handsworth Wood from 1995/97 to 2005/07 on a 3-year basis, in comparison with Birmingham and England. Male expectancy has shown some improvements but not continuously and not consistent with city or national. This effect must be study in relation with other social factors such as migration.

Male Life Expectancy - 3 year Rolling Average,

Handsworth Wood, Birmingham & England

70.0

71.0

72.0

73.0

74.0

75.0

76.0

77.0

78.0

79.0

1995

/ 97

1996

/ 98

1997

/ 99

1998

/ 00

1999

/ 01

2000

/ 02

2001

/ 03

2002

/ 04

2003

/ 05

2004

/ 06

2005

/ 07

Calendar Years

Lif

e E

xp

ecta

ncy (

Ag

e)

England M ales Birmingham M ales Handsworth Wood M ales

Data source: ONS

Figure 2.1 Male life expectancy Handsworth Wood, Birmingham and England, 1995/97 – 2005/07

In comparison, female expectancy has shown more improvements and consistent with national and city trends. Figure 2.2 shows trend of female expectancy from 1995/97 to 2005/07 on a 3-year basis, in comparison with Birmingham and England.


Female Life Expectancy - 3 year Rolling Average,

Handsworth Wood, Birmingham & England

75.0

76.0

77.0

78.0

79.0

80.0

81.0

82.0

83.0

1995

/ 97

1996

/ 98

1997

/ 99

1998

/ 00

1999

/ 01

2000

/ 02

2001

/ 03

2002

/ 04

2003

/ 05

2004

/ 06

2005

/ 07

Calendar Years

Lif

e E

xp

ecta

ncy (

Ag

e)

England Females Birmingham Females Handsworth Wood Females

Data source: ONS

Figure 2.2 Female life expectancy Handsworth Wood, Birmingham and England, 1995/97 – 2005/07

In conclusion:

• The gap for both Male life expectancy between Handsworth Wood and England has widened, whilst the gap for Female life expectancy has shortened it would be necessary to look at strategies to maintain this trend

• Male life expectancy has increased by 4.1% (2.95 years, from 72.7 years to 75.7years)

• The gap of male life expectancy between Handsworth Wood and England has widened by 0.1 year from 1.9 years to 2 years, which means an increase of 0.05%

• Female life expectancy has increased by 4.8% (3.7 years, from 77.6 years to 81.3 years).

• The gap of female life expectancy between Handsworth Wood and England has shortened by 1.6 years from 2.1 years to 0.5 years), which means a 76% improvement on 95/97


2.1 Infant mortality

In areas with high infant mortality rates, the life expectancy at birth is highly sensitive to the rate of death in the first few years of life. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is calculated as the number of newborns dying under one year of age in every 1,000 live births during the year, excluding still births.

Figure 2.3 shows trends of IMR in Handsworth Wood, Birmingham, England and the most deprived quintile (i.e. 20%) Super Output Areas (SOAs) in Birmingham (based on Lower Super Output Area level IMD score 2007), from 1999 to 2007.

Handsworth Wood Infant Mortality Rate - 3 year Rolling

Average

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

1999 / 01 2000 / 02 2001 / 03 2002 / 04 2003 / 05 2004 / 06 2005 / 07

Trend Years

Rate

per

1,0

00

Birmingham England

M ost Deprived Quintile in Bham Handsworth Wood

Data source: Birmingham, West Midlands and England: National Centre for Health Outcomes Development Most deprived quintile in Birmingham: PHIT

Figure 2.3 Infant mortality rates per 1,000 births in Handsworth Wood Birmingham, England and the most deprived quintile in Birmingham, 1999-2007

As illustrated in Figure 2.3, in 05/07, the IMR in Handsworth Wood is nearly double that of England and the same as in the most deprived quintile.

• From 99/01 to 05/07, the IMR has decreased by 10.4%. IMR in Handsworth Woods shows that the trend is variable with initial increases from 2000/02 to 2003/05 followed by improvements since those years.

• During the same period, the IMR in England has decreased smoothly from 5.6 to 4.9 (at about 0.1 per year). The gap between England and the ward has decreased from 5.4 to 4.9 an improvement of 9.25%


3 Local focus This section investigates into the leading causes of deaths locally.

3.1 Mortality rates on selected diseases Age-specific mortality rate is used to calculate life expectancy at birth. Disease specific standardised mortality rates are investigated into in this part in order to identify leading diseases that contribute to the overall mortality rates in Handsworth Wood.

Table 3.1 shows directly standardized mortality rates for selected conditions in 2005-2007. Percentage of each disease’s rate out of the overall rate is also shown here. According to the figures, cancers, circulatory diseases, coronary heart disease are the major killers. They make more than 72.3% of the overall DSR; this figure is consistent with the findings for Birmingham and PCTs which are between 72% and 81.6% range.

Table 3.1 Directly Standardized Mortality Rates (DSRs) per 100,000 population for selected conditions, Handsworth Wood 2005-2007

DSR % out of all causes

rate*

All Causes 662.19

All Cancers 170.48 25.74%

All Circulatory Diseases 205.10 30.97%

Coronary Heart Disease 103.56 15.63%

* Percentage of rate for the specific disease out of rate for all causes

Data source: National Centre for Health Outcomes Development

Documents

Handsworth Wood_LE_Ward_Profile