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REPROGRAMMINGTHE CITY - NEWOPPORTUNITIESFOR URBANINFRASTRUCTURE
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RE
PR
OG
RA
MM
ING
TH
E C
ITY
NE
W O
PP
OR
TU
NIT
IES
FO
R U
RB
AN
IN
FR
AS
TR
UC
TU
RE
October 1st 2014 — January 4th 2015Strandgade 27B, 1401 Copenhagen K, Denmark, www.dac.dk
Udstilling Exhibition
3
[RE
PR
OG
RA
MM
ING
] M
odify
ing
an e
xist
ing
obje
ct, s
truc
ture
, or
syst
emto
ser
ve a
diff
eren
t pur
pose
than
its
orig
inal
inte
ntio
n; e
xpan
ding
th
e fu
nctio
nalit
y of
a s
truc
ture
or s
yste
m b
eyon
d its
pre
scrib
ed ro
le;
enab
ling
urba
n as
sets
to b
ecom
e ag
ile re
spon
ses
to c
hang
ing
urba
n ne
eds.
The city holds a vast amount of untapped ability. The structures, surfaces, objects and systems that underpin its daily operations have the potential to do more, to perform alternate functions, or assume entirely new roles in the mechanism of the city.
’Reprogramming The City’ is a global overview of ways in which existing urban infrastructure is being re-imagined, re-purposed and re-invented to expand its functionality, and in turn expand the functionality of the city itself.
’Reprogramming The City’ explores a new paradigm of urban creativity and resourcefulness that treats the hardware of the city as a platform of opportunity, and infrastructure not as the end result of a previous creative process, but the beginning of a new one.
THE CITY’S UNTAPPED POTENTIAL “The existing stock of the city is a vastly underutilized resource. By realizing the potential stored within the city’s structures, systems and surfaces, we have the ability to solve some of the most pressing urban problems by using what we already have in new ways.
The initiatives I’ve created over the years seek to develop a new relationship with urbanity by designing with the city, not for it. In 2010, my work brought me to Hong Kong, where I began i nvestigating a new spirit of urban resourcefulness and innovation that is re-shaping cities by using existing urban assets as source material.
’Reprogramming the City’ is one outcome of the global research project that grew from those first investigations. It is an illustration of my core belief that within most assets of the city designed for one purpose, something else remains – a dormant energy of creativity and resourcefulness waiting to be unlocked.”
- SCOTT BURNHAM, curatorwww.scottburnham.com
REPROGRAMMING THE CITY - NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE
5NEW RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE CITY’S STRUCTURES1A middle layer exists between the city’s imposing physicality of buildings and infrastructures and the delicate human bodies with which they co-exist. The bus stops, phone booths, parking machines and lamp poles represent a recognizable, human scale that connects us to the urban landscape.
Evidence of a more relational connection to these structures can be seen in the way they change when, due to the passage of time or changing habits, some of these structures become obsolete. Instead of casting them aside and disposing of them, cities are beginning to allow them to change and adapt into new contexts in the city, as all urban residents do over time.
As public pay phones fade in light of the ubiquitous mobile phones, they are brought into public service in new ways. Parking pay meters are as well being shadowed by smart phone payment apps, yet the robust capabilities of these highly technical machines are writing their own second chapter. Even urban systems such as trash collection are becoming a platform for greater public utilization.
New relationships are changing the interplay between commercial communications and the host urban structures. Rather than asking what can be communicated to the public, promotional projects are beginning to use the city’s structures to become beneficial units for the public good as part of the communication.
The city’s secondary infrastructure has always responded to human needs at basic levels. Now a new layer of meaningful, authentic value is being integrated into this layer of urban infrastructure.
7
In th
e de
pth
of w
inte
r, re
side
nts
of U
meå
, Sw
eden
– 3
00 m
iles
(alm
ost
500
kilo
met
ers)
nor
th o
f Sto
ckho
lm –
rece
ive
only
a fe
w h
ours
of
sunl
ight
a d
ay.
The
city
’s en
ergy
com
pany
, Um
eå E
nerg
i, ha
s cr
eate
d a
way
to c
ount
er
som
e of
the
effec
ts o
f the
dar
k w
inte
r mon
ths
by re
plac
ing
the
exis
ting
light
s at
30
of th
e ci
ty’s
bus
stop
s w
ith th
erap
eutic
, ant
i-SA
D (
Seas
onal
A
ffect
ive
Dis
orde
r) b
ulbs
. The
ir “li
ght t
hera
py” i
nitia
tive
invi
tes
com
mut
ers
wai
ting
for t
he b
us to
spe
nd a
few
min
utes
faci
ng th
e lig
hts
and
soak
up
the
bene
fits
of th
e su
nlig
ht th
at th
ey m
iss
durin
g th
e w
inte
r. “E
very
thin
g is
a p
art o
f our
com
mitm
ent t
o ta
ke re
spon
sibi
lity
for b
oth
our c
usto
mer
s’ e
very
day
lives
but
als
o fo
r the
env
ironm
ent a
t la
rge,
” say
s A
nna
Nor
rgår
d fr
om U
meå
Ene
rgi.
Aft
er th
e lig
hts
wer
e in
stal
led,
bus
use
in th
e ci
ty d
oubl
ed. W
ith
an in
crea
se in
the
use
of p
ublic
tran
spor
tatio
n an
d ne
w s
unlig
hts
that
are
pow
ered
by
100%
rene
wab
le e
nerg
y so
urce
s –
incl
udin
g,
fittin
gly,
stor
ed s
olar
ene
rgy
– th
e pa
rtne
rshi
p be
twee
n th
e ci
ty a
nd
Um
eå E
nerg
i has
bec
ome
a m
odel
of p
ublic
ben
efits
and
mun
icip
al
reso
urce
fuln
ess
gain
ed fr
om th
e re
purp
osin
g of
exi
stin
g in
fras
truc
ture
. In
stea
d of
mer
ely
shel
terin
g th
e pu
blic
from
the
elem
ents
of n
atur
e’s,
th
e bu
s sh
elte
rs g
ive
its u
sers
the
bene
fits
of n
atur
e’s
best
qua
litie
s in
th
e da
rk m
onth
s.
Som
ewhe
re in
the
offic
es o
f Tel
ekom
Aus
tria
, an
ente
rpris
ing
com
pany
re
pres
enta
tive
stud
ied
two
char
ts w
ith li
nes
mov
ing
in d
iffer
ent
dire
ctio
ns. O
ne s
how
ed th
e st
eep
decl
ine
of p
eopl
e us
ing
the
coun
try’
s 13
,500
pho
ne b
ooth
s. T
he o
ther
sho
wed
the
rapi
d in
crea
se o
f peo
ple
usin
g el
ectr
ic c
ars
in A
ustr
ia, w
ith p
redi
ctio
ns th
at 4
05,0
00 p
eopl
e w
ould
be
driv
ing
them
by
2020
.
The
div
ergi
ng li
nes
insp
ired
Tele
kom
Aus
tria
to m
ove
in a
new
di
rect
ion
as w
ell,
and
the
com
pany
beg
an tu
rnin
g ph
one
boot
hs in
to
elec
tric
car
cha
rgin
g st
atio
ns.
Tele
kom
Aus
tria
is m
ovin
g fo
rwar
d in
pha
ses,
mak
ing
optim
um
use
of e
xist
ing
asse
ts a
long
the
way
. Dur
ing
the
first
pha
se, t
he
com
mun
icat
ion
capa
bilit
ies
of th
e ph
one
boot
hs w
ill b
e us
ed to
pro
vide
m
ultim
edia
sta
tions
offe
ring
on-s
tree
t par
king
spa
ces
and
info
rmat
ion
for e
lect
ric v
ehic
les.
The
n, o
ver t
he n
ext f
ew y
ears
, the
se s
tatio
ns w
ill
be u
pgra
ded,
eve
ntua
lly o
fferin
g th
e ab
ility
to c
harg
e m
ultip
le e
lect
ric
vehi
cles
.
New
Yor
k’s
abun
danc
e of
sca
ffold
ing
stru
ctur
es, a
lso
know
n as
“s
idew
alk
shed
s”, a
re la
rgel
y du
e to
New
Yor
k’s
Loca
l Law
11
whi
ch
stat
es th
at a
bui
ldin
g m
ust u
nder
go a
faca
de in
spec
tion
ever
y fiv
e ye
ars.
At a
ny g
iven
tim
e, a
n av
erag
e of
6,0
00 s
idew
alk
shed
s lin
e th
e st
reet
s of
New
Yor
k. P
lace
d en
d-to
-end
, the
ir co
mbi
ned
leng
th w
ould
re
ach
from
New
Yor
k to
Bal
timor
e –
188
mile
s (3
00 k
ilom
eter
s) o
f ur
ban
stru
ctur
e th
at c
ould
be
doin
g m
ore
than
obs
curin
g th
e ci
ty’s
build
ings
and
nar
row
ing
its w
alkw
ays.
Des
igne
rs B
land
Hok
e an
d H
owar
d C
ham
bers
saw
an
oppo
rtun
ity in
th
e ci
ty’s
func
tiona
l str
uctu
res
and
crea
ted
Soft
wal
ks –
a k
it in
clud
ing
a ch
air,
a co
unte
r, a
lam
p, a
ben
ch a
nd a
pla
nter
. The
Sof
twal
ks k
it ca
n be
eas
ily a
ttac
hed
to a
ny s
caffo
ldin
g st
ruct
ure
to tr
ansf
orm
it in
to a
te
mpo
rary
soc
ial s
pace
. Sof
twal
ks o
ffers
a q
uick
tran
sfor
mat
ion
of a
ci
ty’s
unsi
ghtly
sca
ffold
ing
stru
ctur
es in
to p
ublic
are
as fo
r pub
lic re
st
or p
lay,
indi
vidu
al s
eatin
g or
sha
red
com
mun
al s
pace
s fo
r str
eet d
inin
g,
and
attr
activ
e sp
aces
for s
tree
t com
mer
ce.
LIG
HT
TH
ER
AP
YU
meå
, Sw
eden
Um
eå E
nerg
ium
eaen
ergi
.se
A1
CH
AR
GIN
G
BO
OT
HS
Vie
nna,
Aus
tria
Tele
kom
Aus
tria
tele
kom
aust
ria.c
om
SO
FT
WA
LK
SN
ew Y
ork,
NY,
USA
Blan
d H
oke,
How
ard
Cha
mbe
rsci
tyso
ftw
alks
.com
9
Whi
le m
ost p
eopl
e lo
ok a
t the
mul
titud
e of
ele
ctric
ally
pow
ered
m
echa
nism
s of
the
city
as
cons
umer
s of
ene
rgy,
Den
nis
Sieg
el
sees
them
as
a po
tent
ial s
uppl
ier.
To h
im, t
he e
lect
rom
agne
tic
field
s em
anat
ed b
y ur
ban
elec
tric
al m
achi
nery
, fro
m tr
ams
to ti
cket
m
achi
nes,
is a
n un
tapp
ed s
ourc
e of
ene
rgy.
“We
are
surr
ound
ed b
y el
ectr
omag
netic
fiel
ds,”
says
Sie
gel,
“and
man
y of
thos
e fie
lds
are
very
cap
aciti
ve a
nd c
an b
e ha
rves
ted
with
coi
ls a
nd
high
freq
uenc
y di
odes
.”
Sieg
el h
as d
evel
oped
a p
orta
ble
batt
ery
rech
arge
r whi
ch, w
hen
held
ne
xt to
a d
evic
e or
pow
er s
ourc
e th
at e
mits
an
elec
trom
agne
tic fi
eld,
ca
n re
char
ge a
sm
all b
atte
ry o
r a s
mar
tpho
ne. T
houg
h la
rgel
y an
ex
perim
enta
l dev
ice
at th
e m
omen
t, th
e de
vice
sho
ws
the
pote
ntia
l fo
r vie
win
g th
e ex
istin
g bu
t und
erut
ilize
d po
wer
fiel
ds o
f the
city
as
a po
tent
ial c
onsu
mer
-leve
l bat
tery
-cha
rgin
g pl
atfo
rm.
The
evo
lutio
n of
par
king
met
ers
coul
d be
see
n as
an
exam
ple
of c
ities
us
ing
tech
nolo
gy to
bet
ter s
erve
thei
r citi
zens
. Yet
the
mac
hine
s ha
ve
the
capa
city
to d
o m
uch
mor
e th
an is
sue
segm
ents
of t
ime
on p
iece
s of
pap
er. P
ay-a
nd-d
ispl
ay m
ulti-
spac
e pa
rkin
g te
rmin
als
are
exam
ples
of
inte
nsel
y te
chno
logi
cal i
nfra
stru
ctur
e th
at c
ould
be
put t
o m
ore
adva
ntag
eous
use
for t
he c
ity. C
ity T
icke
ts p
ropo
ses
to u
se th
em a
s a
citiz
en re
spon
sive
ness
sys
tem
not
unl
ike
the
311
hotli
ne, u
sing
the
tech
nolo
gy a
lread
y fo
und
in s
uch
mac
hine
s: a
net
wor
k co
nnec
tion,
co
mpu
tatio
n, a
nd a
ther
mal
prin
ter –
and
a b
asic
str
eet-
faci
ng
inte
rfac
e.
Its d
esig
ner M
ayo
Nis
sen
expl
ains
that
“City
Tic
kets
is a
n ex
plor
atio
n in
to h
ow e
xist
ing
urba
n in
fras
truc
ture
can
be
repu
rpos
ed to
bet
ter
serv
e al
l of t
he c
itize
ns o
f the
city
it’s
inst
alle
d in
. Phy
sica
l inf
rast
ruct
ure
is a
trem
endo
us re
sour
ce a
nd a
sset
to th
e ci
ty, b
ut a
s te
chno
logy
and
pr
iorit
ies
chan
ge, n
ew a
ppro
ache
s sh
ould
be
cons
ider
ed to
mak
e th
e be
st u
se o
f the
exi
stin
g ‘p
hysi
cal s
tock
’ of t
he c
ity.”
City
Tic
kets
pro
pose
s on
e op
tion
for t
he fu
ture
of m
ulti-
spac
e pa
rkin
g te
rmin
als:
As
wel
l as
park
ing
rece
ipts
, the
met
ers
disp
ense
City
Tic
ket
List
s, w
ith k
now
n is
sues
that
hav
e be
en re
port
ed to
the
city
aut
horit
ies
by p
hone
, fro
m T
witt
er, i
n pe
rson
, or v
ia th
e te
rmin
al it
self.
Als
o av
aila
ble
are
City
Tic
ket R
epor
ts, a
llow
ing
pass
ers-
by to
sub
mit
issu
es
or m
ake
sugg
estio
ns fo
r im
prov
ing
the
area
.
City
tick
ets
star
ted
out a
s M
ayo
Nis
sen’
s th
esis
pro
ject
at t
he
Cop
enha
gen
Inst
itute
of I
nter
actio
n D
esig
n, in
201
0. H
e fu
rthe
r de
velo
ped
the
proj
ect i
n N
ew Y
ork
City
in 2
011,
befo
re u
ltim
atel
y cr
eatin
g a
wor
king
pro
toty
pe in
Bos
ton
in 2
013.
EL
EC
TR
OM
AG
NE
TIC
H
AR
VE
ST
ER
Brem
en, G
erm
any
Den
nis
Sieg
elde
nnis
sieg
el.d
e/el
ectr
omag
netic
-har
vest
er/
CIT
Y T
ICK
ET
SBo
ston
, MA
, USA
May
o N
isse
nm
ayon
isse
n.co
m/w
ork/
city
ticke
ts
11
One
of t
he m
ost v
isib
le m
arke
rs o
f soc
iety
’s ch
angi
ng h
abits
has
bee
n th
e de
clin
ing
use
of p
ublic
pay
pho
nes,
and
the
phys
ical
dec
line
of
thos
e th
at re
mai
n in
the
stre
ets.
Smar
t Scr
eens
see
k to
resc
ue th
e ur
ban
phon
e bo
x fr
om fa
ding
into
ob
scur
ity a
nd d
isus
e by
taki
ng th
e bo
oths
’ exi
stin
g ph
ysic
al a
nd
com
mun
icat
ive
infr
astr
uctu
re a
nd re
turn
ing
them
to p
ublic
ser
vice
in a
ne
w w
ay. C
ity 2
4/7
is p
artn
erin
g w
ith th
e ci
ty o
f New
Yor
k to
tran
sfor
m
exis
ting
pay
phon
e st
ruct
ures
into
pub
lic to
uch
scre
ens
kios
ks w
hich
ca
n pr
ovid
e em
erge
ncy
info
rmat
ion,
tour
ist a
ssis
tanc
e, tr
ansp
orta
tion
upda
tes,
and
loca
l bus
ines
s de
als.
Und
er th
e m
otto
“inf
orm
, pro
tect
and
revi
taliz
e”, C
ity 2
4/7
has
laye
red
new
use
ont
o no
t onl
y th
e av
aila
ble
phys
ical
infr
astr
uctu
re, b
ut th
e co
mm
unic
atio
n in
fras
truc
ture
as
wel
l to
crea
te a
new
futu
re fr
om a
di
min
ishi
ng a
sset
of t
he c
ity.
Whi
le th
ere
are
plan
s fo
r City
24/
7 to
impl
emen
t pub
lic s
cree
ns in
ot
her a
reas
and
with
in o
ther
ele
men
ts o
f urb
an in
fras
truc
ture
, “th
ere’
s a
reas
on w
e st
arte
d w
ith p
ay p
hone
s,” s
ays
CEO
Tom
Tou
chet
from
C
ity 2
4/7.
“The
y’re
lega
cy in
fras
truc
ture
that
the
city
can
util
ize
and
revi
taliz
e qu
ickl
y.”
Citi
es a
re fu
ll of
sen
sors
that
mon
itor t
raffi
c flo
w, a
ir qu
ality
, sec
urity
, lig
ht le
vels
, and
mor
e as
pect
s of
urb
an a
ctiv
ity. I
f a la
mpp
ost c
an b
e fit
w
ith a
sen
sor t
o m
easu
re a
nd re
port
var
ious
am
ount
s of
dat
a co
min
g fr
om th
e st
reet
so
that
the
city
can
resp
ond
acco
rdin
gly
to th
e ne
eds
of th
e ci
ty, c
an w
e as
k th
e sa
me
lam
ppos
t to
do s
omet
hing
as
sim
ple
as s
ense
whe
n it
is ra
inin
g an
d re
spon
d to
the
need
s of
pas
sers
-by
to
stay
dry
?
Lam
pbre
lla w
as d
esig
ned
by M
ikha
il Be
lyae
v to
do
just
that
. Fitt
ed
with
an
umbr
ella
top
that
rem
ains
clo
sed
durin
g dr
y w
eath
er, i
t sen
ses
rain
and
exp
ands
to p
rovi
de s
helte
r for
thos
e w
ho h
ave
been
cau
ght
out w
ithou
t um
brel
las,
or s
helte
red
area
s fo
r cou
ples
wan
ting
a pr
ivat
e m
omen
t in
the
rain
.
Des
igne
d w
ith a
7ft
2in
(2.
6 m
eter
s) d
iam
eter
, Lam
pbre
lla c
an o
ffer
shel
ter f
or s
ever
al p
eopl
e, a
nd is
inst
alle
d at
a h
eigh
t of 6
ft 5
in (
1.95
met
ers)
to p
rovi
de p
ublic
she
lter w
hile
not
dis
turb
ing
the
flow
of t
he
pede
stria
ns –
exc
ept f
or th
e ve
ry ta
llest
one
s.
The
larg
e gr
ay m
etal
box
es fo
und
on m
any
stre
et c
orne
rs a
re o
bjec
ts
of m
yste
ry to
mos
t peo
ple.
The
y hu
m, b
uzz
and
clic
k, b
eing
con
tain
ers
of tr
affic
sig
nal c
ontr
ols,
pow
er o
r tel
epho
ne e
xcha
nges
or a
ny o
f the
ot
her u
nsun
g sy
stem
s of
the
city
.
Giv
en th
eir u
biqu
ity in
the
urba
n la
ndsc
ape,
Mat
thew
Maz
zott
a sa
w a
n op
port
unity
to m
ake
thos
e gr
ay b
oxes
mor
e fu
n an
d le
ss m
yste
rious
. O
btai
ning
one
of t
he u
nits
, he
inst
alle
d re
trac
tabl
e se
atin
g an
d bi
nocu
lars
to b
ring
it in
to a
new
real
ity. N
ow, t
he u
nit i
s an
“as
need
ed”
publ
ic s
eat w
ith e
ach
side
unf
oldi
ng to
form
a c
omfo
rtab
le s
eatin
g un
it w
ith a
ttac
hed
bino
cula
rs to
bec
ome
“a v
iew
ing
stat
ion
of th
e ev
eryd
ay”.
The
ent
ire s
truc
ture
is o
n re
trac
tabl
e w
heel
s em
bedd
ed in
side
the
conc
rete
bas
e. W
hen
the
whe
els
are
up, t
he b
ox lo
oks
like
a st
atio
nary
, pe
rman
ent p
art o
f the
city
. Whe
n th
e w
heel
s ar
e br
ough
t dow
n by
a
cran
king
mec
hani
sm in
side
the
base
, the
y m
ake
cont
act w
ith th
e gr
ound
allo
win
g Lo
okin
g Fo
r A L
ands
cape
to b
e m
oved
to th
e ne
xt
loca
tion
of th
e ci
ty.
SM
AR
T S
CR
EE
NS
New
Yor
k, N
Y, U
SAC
ity 2
4/7
smar
tcity
24x7
.com
LO
OK
ING
FO
R A
L
AN
DS
CA
PE
Cam
brid
ge, M
A, U
SAM
atth
ew M
azzo
tta
mat
thew
maz
zott
a.co
m
LA
MP
BR
EL
LA
Sain
t Pet
ersb
urg,
Rus
sia
Mik
hail
Bely
aev
mik
hailb
elya
ev.c
om
13
In M
arch
201
2, C
open
hage
n ph
otog
raph
er a
nd b
logg
er S
andr
a H
øj
shar
ed s
omet
hing
that
was
on
her m
ind
in a
blo
g po
st. “
We
have
a b
ig
coffe
e cu
p lit
ter p
robl
em in
som
e pa
rts
of C
open
hage
n. I
live
in o
ne
of th
ose
area
s, a
nd I
am re
ally
tire
d of
the
mes
s. M
ostly
the
cups
get
du
mpe
d ne
xt to
the
tras
hcan
s, a
s th
ey a
re a
lread
y fu
ll w
ith o
ther
cup
s.”
She
susp
ecte
d th
e fa
ult l
ay b
oth
with
peo
ple
not c
arin
g ab
out t
he
litte
r, an
d th
e tr
ash
cans
lack
ing
the
capa
city
to h
old
all t
he c
ups.
Høj
de
velo
ped
an id
ea th
at ta
ckle
d bo
th s
ides
of t
he p
robl
em –
the
“Tes
t Tu
be”.
It is
a d
esig
n ha
ck th
at e
xpan
ds th
e tr
ash
can’
s ca
paci
ty a
nd
also
pro
vide
s m
otiv
atio
n fo
r peo
ple
to d
ispo
se o
f the
ir co
ffee
cups
in a
m
ore
fun
and
effic
ient
way
. Whe
n th
e tu
be is
full,
sim
ply
pull
out a
pin
in
the
base
and
the
stac
ked
cups
slid
e ou
t.
A k
ey c
ompo
nent
of r
e-im
agin
ing
the
pote
ntia
l of t
he c
ity’s
infr
astr
uctu
re is
to e
mbr
ace
a w
ider
def
initi
on o
f urb
an in
fras
truc
ture
. T
he s
yste
ms
and
serv
ices
of a
city
are
as
muc
h a
reso
urce
for
expa
nded
use
and
func
tiona
lity
as it
s ob
ject
s, s
urfa
ces
and
stru
ctur
es.
In A
mst
erda
m, d
esig
n fir
m W
aarm
aker
s ha
s ap
plie
d th
e sa
ying
“one
m
an’s
tras
h is
ano
ther
man
’s tr
easu
re” t
o th
e ci
ty’s
garb
age
colle
ctio
n sy
stem
to tr
ansf
orm
it in
to a
pla
tfor
m fo
r sha
ring
inst
ead
of a
mun
icip
al
nece
ssity
.
TE
ST
TU
BE
SC
open
hage
n, D
enm
ark
Sand
ra H
øjcl
assi
ccop
enha
gen.
blog
spot
.dk/
p/te
st-t
ubes
.htm
l
GO
ED
ZA
KA
mst
erda
m, N
ethe
rland
sW
aarm
aker
sw
aarm
aker
s.nl
/pro
ject
s/go
edza
k/
The
y de
velo
ped
Goe
dzak
– m
eani
ng b
oth
“goo
d ba
g” a
nd “d
o-go
oder
” in
Dut
ch –
for A
mst
erda
m re
side
nts
to u
se w
hen
pack
agin
g th
eir t
rash
fo
r pic
kup.
The
Goe
dzak
is u
sed
for i
tem
s th
at c
ould
be
of v
alue
for
othe
rs a
nd ju
st n
eed
a ne
w h
ome.
Tap
ping
into
the
exis
ting
beha
vior
s an
d sy
stem
s of
the
city
’s re
side
nts,
Goe
dzak
is, s
ays
Waa
rmak
ers,
“a
frie
ndly
way
of g
ivin
g ob
ject
s a
seco
nd c
hanc
e an
d st
imul
atin
g su
stai
nabl
e be
havi
or.”
15APPRECIATING THE FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURES AND SPACES
For years, some of the most essential urban structures labored in near anonymity. Supporting the trams, trains, cars and boats that ferried goods and passengers throughout the metropolis, the city’s core infrastructure was the stalwart of early industry and transportation, given little fanfare beyond its functional service. The oversight is being settled now, as new appreciation is paid to historical infrastructure in its retirement.
A bridge that was built to support the once-loved streetcar has been discovered to be a perfect host for more cherished transport methods of today, bicycling and walking. The elevated train tracks that moved goods through a dense city now threads green space through it, delivering the valuable contemporary commodity of public space to its residents. Several stories below ground in the same city, a former tram station is re-imagined as a subterranean park.
From overlooked steeples to waterways that once supported industry and travel, the physicality of the city is being reprogrammed to host a new era of creative use and respite from its concrete expanse. Even contemporary concrete structures are proving to be malleable in the hands of imaginative repurposing, with waterfront steps being expanded to host more social and collective interactions.
2
17
LA
GR
AN
DE
CA
NT
INE
Paris
, Fra
nce
Jean
-Bap
tiste
Har
doin
njb
hard
oin.
fr
CO
OL
C
ON
ST
RU
CT
ION
Cop
enha
gen,
Den
mar
kM
etro
sels
kabe
tm
.dk/
byen
sheg
n
The
Esp
lana
de d
e la
Déf
ense
in P
aris
feat
ures
a b
eaut
iful p
ublic
poo
l of
wat
er, s
urro
unde
d by
a s
erie
s of
ste
ps w
hich
allo
w p
eopl
e to
face
th
e w
ater
whi
le e
atin
g th
eir l
unch
or t
akin
g a
brea
k fr
om th
e m
any
surr
ound
ing
offic
e bu
ildin
gs.
For d
esig
ner J
B H
ardo
in th
ere
was
a s
hort
com
ing
in th
e ex
istin
g st
eps:
T
hey
gave
peo
ple
only
one
opt
ion:
to s
it fa
cing
the
wat
er, m
akin
g gr
oup
gath
erin
gs o
r fac
e-to
-fac
e co
nver
satio
ns a
wkw
ard.
Tha
t is
why
H
ardo
in d
esig
ned
a se
atin
g sy
stem
for t
he E
spla
nade
de
la D
éfen
se to
cr
eate
sha
red
mom
ents
and
exc
hang
es w
ith th
e ex
istin
g st
ruct
ures
in
plac
e.
La G
rand
e C
antin
e is
a ta
ble
desi
gned
to b
e gr
afte
d on
to th
e st
eps
of
the
area
to a
llow
peo
ple
to s
it fa
ce-t
o-fa
ce a
nd e
at to
geth
er, m
akin
g it
an o
ptio
n to
hav
e pi
cnic
s w
ith fr
iend
s or
cow
orke
rs in
an
area
th
at is
oth
erw
ise
desi
gned
for m
ore
solit
ary
mom
ents
. The
tabl
es
are
desi
gned
to b
e ea
sily
inst
alle
d an
d re
mov
ed, t
o al
low
a s
ense
of
occa
sion
and
sea
sona
l eve
nt w
hen
they
app
ear.
With
mor
e an
d m
ore
peop
le m
ovin
g to
the
city
, met
ro s
yste
ms
all
over
the
wor
ld a
re g
row
ing
too
so th
at p
eopl
e ca
n m
ove
easi
ly a
nd
effic
ient
ly th
roug
h th
e ci
ty. T
he n
ew m
etro
line
City
ringe
n –
the
city
rin
g –
is b
eing
bui
lt in
Cop
enha
gen,
and
that
mea
ns th
at th
ere
are
19
big
met
ro c
onst
ruct
ion
site
s ar
ound
the
capi
tal a
t the
mom
ent.
All
in
all,
the
site
s ar
e cl
osed
off
by a
20,
000
feet
(six
kilo
met
er)
fenc
e w
ith a
he
ight
of u
p to
13
feet
(fo
ur m
eter
s), a
nd th
e su
rrou
ndin
g ar
eas
need
to
adj
ust.
The
peo
ple
of C
open
hage
n w
ill li
ve w
ith a
nd n
ext t
o th
ese
fenc
es fo
r eig
ht y
ears
.
Met
rose
lska
bet,
the
com
pany
beh
ind
the
met
ro, h
as in
itiat
ed th
e pr
ojec
t Coo
l Con
stru
ctio
n, a
llow
ing
artis
ts, c
hild
ren
and
stud
ents
to u
se
the
fenc
es a
s a
plat
form
for a
rt, c
omm
unic
atio
n, u
rban
furn
iture
and
ot
her i
deas
. Mor
e th
an 1
00 p
roje
cts
are
carr
ied
out e
very
yea
r, ra
ngin
g fr
om b
ird h
ouse
s re
sem
blin
g lo
cal s
hops
to a
65
feet
(20
met
er)
mur
al
subs
idis
ed b
y th
e D
anis
h A
rts
Foun
datio
n an
d a
kits
ch b
irch
woo
d su
rrou
ndin
g a
smal
l caf
e. R
ough
ly 3
,000
feet
(one
kilo
met
er)
of th
e fe
nce
is u
sed
for a
dver
tisin
g –
the
reve
nues
from
it fi
nanc
e th
e en
tire
proj
ect.
The
Gen
erou
s W
all,
show
n in
this
exh
ibiti
on, t
akes
up
82 fe
et (
25
met
er)
of th
e bu
ildin
g si
te fe
nce
in F
rede
riksb
erg.
The
wal
l pla
ys a
par
t in
loca
l life
and
is u
sed
fren
quen
tly b
y in
habi
tant
s in
the
area
who
can
ch
eck
in o
n th
e co
nstr
uctio
n ac
tivity
whi
le e
njoy
ing
a cu
p of
coff
ee o
n th
e bu
ilt-in
sea
ts. A
rchi
tect
Fre
derik
Løn
ow is
the
brai
n be
hind
The
G
ener
ous
Wal
l. W
hen
he w
as s
till a
stu
dent
, he
won
a c
ompe
titio
n at
In
nosi
te.d
k, a
rran
ged
by M
etro
sels
kabe
t, lo
okin
g fo
r inn
ovat
ive
idea
s on
how
to c
reat
e at
trac
tive,
tem
pora
ry u
rban
spa
ces
by tu
rnin
g th
e bu
ildin
g si
te fe
nces
into
a fu
nctio
nal,
posi
tive
part
of t
he c
ity.
Illus
trat
ion
p. 4
3
(IN
)SP
IRE
SLo
ndon
, UK
Scot
tWhi
tbyS
tudi
ost
udio
-ar.c
o.uk
Dep
endi
ng o
n w
ho y
ou a
sk, y
ou m
ay h
ear t
hat L
ondo
n’s
finan
cial
di
stric
t, kn
own
as T
he C
ity, i
s m
issi
ng a
cer
tain
mor
al fo
rtitu
de. T
his
is n
ot fo
r lac
k of
effo
rt b
y its
ear
ly p
lann
ers.
The
are
a is
hom
e to
51
chur
ches
, but
mos
t of t
hem
are
no
long
er in
use
.
In a
not
orio
usly
exp
ensi
ve c
ity to
live
and
wor
k, p
artic
ular
ly fo
r tho
se
in th
e cr
eativ
e in
dust
ries,
Ale
x Sc
ott-
Whi
tby
felt
it w
as ti
me
to b
ring
new
life
and
a n
ew s
pirit
to th
e ch
urch
es. H
is (
IN)S
pire
s pr
ojec
t tr
ansf
orm
s th
e em
pty
belfr
ies
of c
hurc
h sp
ires
into
cre
ativ
e w
ork-
spac
es fo
r upc
omin
g de
sign
ers,
arc
hite
cts
and
artis
ts. A
n ag
reem
ent
has
been
reac
hed
with
the
Dio
cese
of L
ondo
n to
repu
rpos
e th
e ch
urch
sp
ires
over
a 3
0-y
ear t
imes
cale
, tur
ning
them
into
a th
rivin
g ne
twor
k of
cre
ativ
ity a
nd b
ringi
ng b
ack
to li
fe w
hat w
as o
ther
wis
e a
serie
s of
fo
rgot
ten
spac
es w
ithin
the
engi
ne ro
om o
f the
UK
’s ec
onom
y.
“We
hope
that
this
new
net
wor
k w
ill g
row
into
a g
loba
l mov
emen
t of
crea
tive
peop
le n
estin
g w
ithin
oth
er fo
rgot
ten
mon
umen
ts, g
ivin
g th
ese
spac
es a
new
civ
ic re
leva
nce,
” say
s Sc
ott-
Whi
tby.
19
UN
DE
R T
HE
BR
IDG
ESt
ockh
olm
, Sw
eden
Vis
ion
Div
isio
nvi
sion
divi
sion
.com
His
toric
ally
, citi
es w
ere
built
with
ped
estr
ian
traff
ic in
min
d. A
s ur
bani
ty
grew
, so
did
the
mec
hani
sms
and
mac
hine
s to
mov
e pe
ople
, and
the
supp
ortin
g in
fras
truc
ture
gre
w to
sup
port
the
new
sca
le o
f mac
hine
an
d m
ovem
ent.
Stoc
khol
m b
ridge
Tra
nebe
rgsb
ron
is a
n ex
ampl
e of
the
conf
lictin
g in
tere
sts
of b
uild
ing
for a
n ur
ban
scal
e of
mov
emen
t with
out
pede
stria
ns in
min
d. B
uilt
in 1
934,
the
brid
ge c
onne
cts
city
isla
nd
Kung
shol
men
with
the
city
’s w
este
rn s
ubur
bs. A
t the
tim
e it
was
bui
lt,
it bo
aste
d th
e w
orld
’s la
rges
t con
cret
e br
idge
vau
lts. I
n 20
05, a
n id
entic
al b
ridge
vau
lt w
as a
dded
, allo
win
g m
ore
cars
on
the
brid
ge, w
ith
seem
ingl
y lit
tle c
onsi
dera
tion
for p
edes
tria
ns.
Vis
ion
Div
isio
n w
ould
like
to c
hang
e th
is. E
xpla
inin
g th
eir p
ropo
sal,
the
firm
sta
tes
that
“as
man
y br
idge
s th
at [a
re] p
redo
min
antly
bui
lt fo
r car
s …
if yo
u w
ant t
o w
alk
over
the
brid
ge it
will
invo
lve
a st
renu
ous
15 m
inut
e w
alk
in a
noi
sy e
nviro
nmen
t nex
t to
a bu
sy h
ighw
ay. W
e pr
opos
e to
use
the
actu
al c
oncr
ete
vaul
t of t
he re
cent
ly b
uilt
brid
ge to
ca
ter t
o th
e ne
glec
ted
pede
stria
n tr
affic
bet
wee
n th
ese
two
impo
rtan
t ar
eas
in S
tock
holm
and
to d
ram
atic
ally
sho
rten
the
time
betw
een
the
two
shor
es a
nd tu
rn th
e jo
urne
y in
to a
ple
asan
t thr
ee-m
inut
e w
alk
in a
be
autif
ul a
nd re
laxe
d se
ttin
g.”
“To
do th
is, o
nly
a m
inim
al in
terv
entio
n is
requ
ired.
The
con
cret
e pi
llars
th
at c
onne
ct th
e va
ult w
ith th
e su
rfac
e of
the
brid
ge a
lread
y ha
s ho
les
in th
em, s
o th
e on
ly th
ing
that
is n
eces
sary
to d
o is
to e
xten
d th
e up
per p
art o
f the
vau
lt to
allo
w p
assa
ge a
nd to
add
sta
irs o
n to
the
vaul
t, pr
oper
ligh
ting
and
a pr
otec
tive
fenc
e. T
he g
roun
d be
fore
the
arc
begi
ns c
ould
als
o be
trea
ted
with
red
conc
rete
tile
s to
hig
hlig
ht th
e ne
w p
ath
bett
er a
nd m
ake
it m
ore
acce
ssib
le. T
he tw
o sh
ores
wou
ld
bene
fit tr
emen
dous
ly fr
om b
eing
bet
ter c
onne
cted
to e
ach
othe
r and
th
ey a
re b
oth
maj
or g
atew
ays
that
are
cur
rent
ly u
nder
goin
g a
grea
t ex
pans
ion
with
new
hou
sing
and
ser
vice
s.”
“Thi
s w
ould
als
o m
ean
that
the
beau
tiful
spa
ce u
nder
neat
h th
e br
idge
w
ill b
e be
tter
act
ivat
ed w
hich
leav
es ro
om fo
r new
func
tions
and
idea
s.
The
impr
essi
ve c
oncr
ete
pilla
rs w
ould
be
perf
ect t
o us
e as
a te
mpo
rary
ar
t gal
lery
, and
the
stai
rs o
n th
e va
ults
can
hav
e a
doub
le u
se a
s se
atin
g to
wat
ch fi
lm s
cree
ning
s on
the
pilla
rs. T
he tw
o ab
utm
ents
w
ould
be
attr
activ
e sp
ots
whe
re s
mal
l kio
sks
coul
d be
set
up
whe
n th
e w
eath
er p
erm
its it
.”
MA
RS
UP
IAL
BR
IDG
EM
ilwau
kee,
WI,
USA
La D
allm
anla
dallm
an.c
om
Build
ing
heav
y tr
ansp
orta
tion
infr
astr
uctu
re in
a c
ity is
als
o bu
ildin
g a
mar
ker i
n tim
e in
to it
s la
ndsc
ape.
Roa
ds, r
ailw
ays,
trac
ks a
nd s
tatio
ns
are
all m
arke
rs o
f the
city
’s ne
eds
at th
e tim
e. Y
et, t
he n
eeds
of a
ci
ty c
an s
hift
a g
reat
dea
l ove
r tim
e, b
ut th
e sa
me
chan
ge c
anno
t be
expe
cted
from
tons
of s
teel
and
con
cret
e.
Milw
auke
e’s
Hol
ton
Stre
et V
iadu
ct w
as b
uilt
in 1
926
to s
uppo
rt th
e ci
ty’s
fleet
of t
rolle
y ca
rs. H
owev
er, s
hort
ly th
erea
fter
, inc
reas
ing
auto
mob
ile u
se s
pelle
d th
e en
d of
the
city
’s tr
olle
y ca
r ser
vice
, and
the
fu
nctio
n of
the
brid
ge b
ecam
e ob
sole
te.
La D
allm
an A
rchi
tect
s ha
s sh
owed
that
ther
e is
resi
lienc
y an
d ab
ility
to
mee
t mod
ern
need
s in
old
infr
astr
uctu
re. U
sing
the
exis
ting
trol
ley
car
supp
ort s
truc
ture
of t
he b
ridge
, the
y de
sign
ed T
he M
arsu
pial
Brid
ge
as a
“gre
en h
ighw
ay” t
hat a
ctiv
ates
the
unus
ed s
pace
und
erne
ath
the
viad
uct.
Embr
acin
g a
grow
ing
desi
re fo
r wal
king
and
cyc
ling,
the
brid
ge
conn
ects
resi
dent
ial n
eigh
borh
oods
with
nat
ure
as w
ell a
s M
ilwau
kee’
s do
wnt
own
and
the
Brad
y St
reet
com
mer
cial
dis
tric
t.
21
HIG
H L
INE
New
Yor
k, N
Y, U
SAJa
mes
Cor
ner F
ield
Ope
ratio
ns,
Dill
er S
cofid
io +
Re
nfro
, Pie
t Oud
olf
theh
ighl
ine.
org
TH
E L
OW
LIN
EN
ew Y
ork,
NY,
USA
RA
AD
Stu
dio
thel
owlin
e.or
g
Con
stru
cted
in th
e 19
30s,
The
Hig
h Li
ne li
fted
frei
ght t
raffi
c 30
feet
(a
lmos
t 10
met
ers)
in th
e ai
r abo
ve M
anha
ttan
’s la
rges
t ind
ustr
ial
dist
rict.
Built
orig
inal
ly to
impr
ove
life
and
com
mer
ce in
the
city
, it d
id
impr
ove
stre
et-le
vel c
ondi
tions
, rem
ovin
g th
e ha
zard
ous
frei
ght t
rain
s fr
om d
aily
car
and
ped
estr
ian
mov
emen
t. It
incr
ease
d th
e eff
icie
ncy
of g
oods
del
iver
y, co
nnec
ting
the
trai
ns d
irect
ly to
fact
orie
s an
d w
areh
ouse
s an
d al
low
ing
them
to ro
ll rig
ht in
side
bui
ldin
gs.
Abo
ut T
he T
echn
olog
yD
esig
ned
by J
ames
Ram
sey
of R
aad
Stud
io, t
he p
ropo
sed
sola
r te
chno
logy
invo
lves
the
crea
tion
of a
“rem
ote
skyl
ight
.” In
this
ap
proa
ch, s
unlig
ht p
asse
s th
roug
h a
glas
s sh
ield
abo
ve th
e pa
rabo
lic
colle
ctor
, and
is re
flect
ed a
nd g
athe
red
at o
ne fo
cal p
oint
, and
dire
cted
un
derg
roun
d. S
unlig
ht is
tran
smitt
ed o
nto
a re
flect
ive
surf
ace
on th
e di
strib
utor
dis
h un
derg
roun
d, tr
ansm
ittin
g it
into
a n
ew s
pace
. Thi
s te
chno
logy
wou
ld tr
ansm
it th
e ne
cess
ary
wav
elen
gths
of l
ight
to
supp
ort p
hoto
synt
hesi
s, e
nabl
ing
plan
ts a
nd tr
ees
to g
row
. Dur
ing
perio
ds o
f sun
light
, ele
ctric
ity w
ould
not
be
nece
ssar
y to
ligh
t the
sp
ace.
In S
epte
mbe
r 201
2, th
e Lo
wlin
e te
am b
uilt
a fu
ll sc
ale
prot
otyp
e of
the
tech
nolo
gy in
an
aban
done
d w
areh
ouse
on
the
Low
er E
ast S
ide,
fo
r the
“Im
agin
ing
the
Low
line”
exh
ibit.
It u
ltim
atel
y se
rved
as
a pr
oof o
f co
ncep
t.
Long
bef
ore
its n
ame
was
syn
onym
ous
with
one
of N
ew Y
ork’
s m
ajor
th
orou
ghfa
res
of s
tree
t life
and
traff
ic o
n th
e Lo
wer
Eas
t Sid
e, D
elan
cey
Stre
et w
as th
e ho
me
of J
ames
DeL
ance
y’s
farm
land
est
ate
(and
nea
rby
Orc
hard
Str
eet t
he h
ome
of h
is fr
uit t
rees
).
The
Low
line
seek
s to
retu
rn a
n el
emen
t of D
elan
cey
Stre
et to
its
form
er li
fe a
s a
spac
e of
gre
ener
y an
d gr
owin
g fo
r the
enj
oym
ent o
f th
e pu
blic
. The
Low
line’
s si
te is
the
form
er W
illia
msb
urg
Brid
ge T
rolle
y Te
rmin
al, a
sub
terr
anea
n sp
ace
just
bel
ow D
elan
cey
Stre
et th
at o
pene
d in
190
8 fo
r tro
lley
pass
enge
rs, b
ut h
as b
een
unus
ed s
ince
194
8 w
hen
trol
ley
serv
ice
was
dis
cont
inue
d. T
he L
owlin
e de
scrib
es th
e pr
ojec
t: “U
ntou
ched
sin
ce 1
948,
the
spac
e no
w p
rovi
des
us w
ith th
e ra
rest
of
oppo
rtun
ities
: a h
isto
rical
trea
sure
to b
e re
clai
med
for a
com
mun
ity.”
The
ir go
al is
to il
lum
inat
e th
e un
derg
roun
d tr
olle
y te
rmin
al w
ith n
atur
al
light
ing
usin
g a
syst
em d
evel
oped
by
Low
line
Co-
Foun
der D
an B
aras
ch
and
his
busi
ness
par
tner
Jam
es R
amse
y. T
he d
ish-
like
devi
ces
colle
ct
light
at s
tree
t lev
el, a
nd tr
ansp
ort i
t und
ergr
ound
via
fibe
r opt
ic c
able
s.
Her
e, it
is d
iffus
ed a
s a
natu
ral l
ight
sou
rce
to k
eep
the
flora
gro
win
g an
d pr
ovid
e pe
ople
with
the
unus
ual e
xper
ienc
e of
nat
ural
ligh
t in
an
unde
rgro
und
park
.
The
follo
win
g de
cade
s sa
w in
ters
tate
truc
king
beg
in to
take
bus
ines
s aw
ay fr
om ra
il tr
ansp
orta
tion,
and
in 1
980,
the
elev
ated
frei
ght r
ail l
ines
w
ere
aban
done
d.
Und
er th
reat
of d
emol
ition
, the
Frie
nds
of th
e H
igh
Line
form
ed in
19
99 in
an
effor
t to
pres
erve
the
hist
oric
pie
ce o
f urb
an in
fras
truc
ture
an
d fin
d a
new
way
for t
he e
leva
ted
plat
form
s to
ben
efit
the
city
in it
s po
st-in
dust
rial i
dent
ity. T
oday
, the
Hig
h Li
ne is
a p
ublic
par
k bu
ilt o
n th
e hi
stor
ic fr
eigh
t rai
l lin
e el
evat
ed a
bove
the
stre
ets
on M
anha
ttan
’s W
est S
ide.
Des
igne
d as
a c
olla
bora
tion
betw
een
Jam
es C
orne
r Fie
ld
Ope
ratio
ns, D
iller
Sco
fidio
+ R
enfr
o, a
nd p
lant
ing
desi
gner
Pie
t Oud
olf,
the
Hig
h Li
ne h
as b
ecom
e on
e of
the
mos
t cel
ebra
ted
exam
ples
of
urba
n re
use
and
repu
rpos
ing
of in
fras
truc
ture
.
23
LID
O L
INE
Lond
on, U
K[Y
/N] S
tudi
oyn
stud
io.e
u
KV
ÆS
TH
US
PR
OJ
EK
TE
TC
open
hage
n, D
enm
ark
Lund
gaar
d &
Tra
nber
g A
rchi
tect
skv
aest
husp
roje
ktet
.dk/
engl
ish
Wea
ving
thro
ugh
Nor
th L
ondo
n is
Reg
ent’s
Can
al, a
wat
erw
ay
desi
gned
for t
he tr
ansp
orta
tion
of g
oods
dur
ing
the
city
’s in
dust
rial
era.
No
long
er s
ervi
ng a
n in
dust
rial f
unct
ion
in th
e ci
ty, t
he c
anal
s ex
ist s
omew
here
bet
wee
n se
rvin
g as
bac
kgro
und
for f
ashi
on s
hoot
s an
d sc
enic
fore
grou
nds
for l
uxur
y w
ater
side
apa
rtm
ents
. For
Stu
dio
YN, h
owev
er, t
hey
repr
esen
t an
oppo
rtun
ity to
exp
and
the
city
’s tr
ansp
orta
tion
syst
em b
y re
purp
osin
g th
e in
dust
rial c
anal
s as
The
Lid
o Li
ne w
hich
wou
ld a
llow
com
mut
ers
to s
wim
to w
ork.
Ever
y ci
ty h
arbo
r is
fille
d w
ith a
dven
ture
– w
heth
er it
’s th
e de
part
ure
poin
t for
a v
esse
l at t
he s
tart
of i
ts jo
urne
y, or
the
dest
inat
ion
of g
oods
fr
om fo
reig
n la
nds.
Cop
enha
gen
Har
bor i
s em
bark
ing
on a
new
adv
entu
re. I
t is
evol
ving
fr
om b
eing
an
indu
stria
l har
bor i
nto
bein
g a
recr
eatio
nal a
rea
of
exci
tem
ent a
nd n
ew e
xper
ienc
es fo
r the
city
’s re
side
nts.
In 2
004
the
Osl
o fe
rry
left
the
quay
at K
væst
husm
olen
(the
Kvæ
sthu
s Pi
er)
for t
he v
ery
last
tim
e. W
ork
is u
nder
way
to re
prog
ram
this
form
er
ferr
y po
rt a
nd it
s su
rrou
ndin
gs in
to a
vib
rant
pub
lic s
pace
with
a ri
ch
cultu
ral l
ife b
y th
e w
ater
. The
idea
is to
bui
ld a
n ex
citin
g ar
ea, b
rimm
ing
with
urb
an li
fe a
nd c
ultu
re a
ll ye
ar ro
und.
The
pro
ject
has
sev
eral
com
pone
nts:
The
Kvæ
sthu
s Sq
uare
: The
am
bitio
n is
to tu
rn th
is s
quar
e in
to a
”fa
ntas
tic e
very
day
squa
re”.
It ne
eds
to b
e fle
xibl
e an
d fu
nctio
nal
allo
win
g fo
r diff
eren
t typ
es o
f tra
ffic,
act
ivity
and
exp
erie
nces
. Bot
h by
la
nd a
nd b
y se
a. O
n th
e si
de o
f the
pie
r fac
ing
the
basi
n, th
ere
will
be
pavi
lions
hos
ting
both
caf
és a
nd e
nter
tain
men
t. Be
twee
n th
e pa
vilio
ns
are
smal
ler,
flexi
ble
spac
es w
here
peo
ple
can
hang
out
. The
re w
ill a
lso
be je
ttie
s on
the
pier
, mak
ing
it po
ssib
le fo
r big
ger s
hips
as
wel
l as
smal
l boa
ts a
nd w
ater
taxi
s to
moo
r her
e.
The
Kvæ
sthu
s Ba
sin:
The
har
bor b
asin
beh
ind
the
pier
will
be
the
cent
er o
f city
life
in a
nd a
roun
d th
e sq
uare
. All
alon
g on
e en
d, th
ere
will
be
woo
den
step
s, s
o th
at p
eopl
e ca
n si
t dow
n cl
ose
to th
e w
ater
. The
la
yout
and
the
arch
itect
ure
will
be
foun
ded
in a
mar
itim
e ae
sthe
tic,
whe
ther
it’s
the
choi
ce o
f mat
eria
ls o
r the
com
ing
activ
ities
. The
bas
in
play
s an
impo
rtan
t par
t in
the
stor
y of
bot
h C
open
hage
n an
d th
e ha
rbor
itse
lf. B
ack
in th
e da
y, th
is is
whe
re p
asse
nger
shi
ps b
ound
for
Aar
hus
and
Aal
borg
, and
late
r Osl
o an
d Bo
rnho
lm, t
ook
off e
very
day
.
Park
ing
gara
ge u
nder
neat
h th
e Kv
æst
hus
Pier
: With
room
for 5
00
cars
on
thre
e flo
ors,
the
park
ing
gara
ge u
nder
neat
h th
e pi
er w
ill b
e an
adv
entu
re in
itse
lf. L
ight
, fle
xibi
lity,
soun
d, m
ater
ials
, des
ign
and
adm
issi
on w
ill a
ll be
of h
igh
qual
ity.
The
Kvæ
sthu
s Sq
uare
Sou
th: T
he a
rea
betw
een
Nyh
avn
and
the
Roy
al
Dan
ish
Play
hous
e w
ill b
e re
built
and
the
amen
ities
impr
oved
. The
sm
alle
r sca
le o
f the
are
a w
ill b
e re
flect
ed in
the
mor
e in
timat
e an
d lo
cal
activ
ities
taki
ng p
lace
her
e.
At t
he fa
r end
of t
he K
væst
hus
Basi
n, th
ere
is a
yel
low
exh
ibiti
on
pavi
lion
whi
ch w
ill s
tay
put u
ntil
the
end
of 2
015.
Eve
ry S
atur
day
and
Sund
ay b
etw
een
11 A
M a
nd 5
PM
you
can
vis
it th
e ex
hibi
tion
and
lear
n m
ore
abou
t Kvæ
sthu
spro
jekt
et.
“The
city
’s ca
nals
hav
e lo
st th
eir o
rigin
al p
urpo
se,”
YN S
tudi
o st
ates
in
thei
r pro
posa
l. “B
uilt
for w
ork,
they
use
d to
car
ry m
ater
ials
acr
oss
the
leng
th a
nd b
read
th o
f Lon
don
to p
lace
s of
indu
stry
. Thi
s pu
rpos
e is
la
rgel
y de
func
t with
the
cana
l now
bei
ng a
pla
ce o
f lei
sure
rath
er th
an
a pl
ace
of c
omm
erce
. By
inse
rtin
g a
clea
n, s
afe
‘bas
in’ i
n w
hich
to s
wim
, th
e ‘L
ido
Line
’ flip
s th
e R
egen
t’s C
anal
bac
k to
its
orig
inal
pur
pose
, co
nnec
ting
raw
mat
eria
ls (
peop
le/w
orke
rs)
to th
e pl
ace
of p
rodu
ctio
n,
mak
ing
swim
min
g a
viab
le a
ltern
ativ
e to
cyc
ling
or w
alki
ng to
wor
k.”
“The
inte
ntio
n he
re is
to b
uild
upo
n al
read
y ex
istin
g co
nditi
ons
that
m
ake
up L
ondo
n’s
urba
n fa
bric
. The
sug
gest
ion
prov
ides
a h
isto
ry,
a se
nse
of a
ssoc
iatio
n, a
nd a
con
side
ratio
n of
repu
rpos
ing.
Rat
her
than
mul
tiply
ing
gree
n sp
aces
and
ope
n fie
lds
that
fail
whe
n th
ey a
re
unde
ruse
d, th
is p
ropo
sal s
eeks
to in
vite
act
ivity
bac
k in
to a
spa
ce th
at
was
onc
e su
ch a
n im
port
ant c
ompo
nent
of t
he c
ity’s
econ
omic
and
so
cial
sta
tus.”
Illus
trat
ion
p. 4
3
25A SECOND LIFE FOR CITY SURFACES
It was only as society moved from being predominately agrarian to urban that we began to think of surfaces as one-dimensional in physics and function. Previous generations saw the surface of the earth as a bountiful layer that could provide a depth of uses – growing food, grazing livestock, or hosting new structures.
The potential of surfaces is coming into our consciousness again as people are beginning to realize that the city’s coverings and surfaces can be a generative landscape of resources rather than simply one that only consumes them.
Whether producing food or energy, or providing a platform for communications, social moments or even data connections, the surfaces of the city are once again seen as bountiful. In a reprogrammed city, rooftops hold the potential to be community gardens or public playgrounds, beehives placed in the seemingly inhospitable areas of cities efficiently harvest pollen from the flowers and weeds in city cracks and corners, building frontages become communication points for the activity within, and our footsteps are reconsidered as kinetic energy points.
3
27
ØS
TE
RG
RO
Cop
enha
gen,
Den
mar
kK
ristia
n Sk
aaru
p, S
ofie
Brin
cker
, Liv
ia U
rban
Sw
art H
aala
ndko
benh
avne
rgro
n.dk
/pla
ce/o
ster
gro
The
incr
easi
ng u
rban
izat
ion
of s
ocie
ty h
as it
s su
ppor
ters
and
its
criti
cs, b
ut th
e un
derly
ing
real
ity o
f thi
s tr
end
is th
at o
ur c
olle
ctiv
e m
ove
tow
ards
citi
es h
as re
sulte
d in
us
bein
g le
ss c
onne
cted
to a
nd
awar
e of
whe
re o
ur fo
od c
omes
from
. Yet
in th
e “C
limat
e Q
uart
er o
f C
open
hage
n” –
an
inno
vativ
e gr
een
area
aro
und
the
Skt.
Kje
lds
Plad
s sq
uare
– a
mov
emen
t is
taki
ng p
lace
to tr
ansf
orm
urb
an s
truc
ture
s in
to a
reas
whe
re th
e ci
ty’s
resi
dent
s ca
n re
conn
ect w
ith g
row
ing
and
appr
ecia
ting
fres
h fo
od.
The
Øst
erG
RO
pro
ject
, loc
ated
on
the
roof
of N
elle
man
Hou
se in
Æ
belø
gade
4 is
a 6
,500
squ
are
feet
(60
0 sq
uare
met
er)
roof
top
gard
en w
ith 9
0 to
ns o
f ric
h so
il, ve
geta
bles
, bee
hive
s, c
hick
ens,
ea
rthw
orm
s an
d co
mpo
stin
g ar
eas,
all
of w
hich
exi
sts
as a
pla
tfor
m
for w
orks
hops
, din
ners
, far
mer
s m
arke
ts a
nd s
ocia
l con
nect
ions
. The
pr
ojec
t is
a st
ep fo
rwar
d in
term
s of
urb
an re
silie
ncy
and
sust
aina
bilit
y w
hen
it co
mes
to fo
od p
rodu
ctio
n, a
nd w
as c
reat
ed to
hav
e a
larg
er
soci
al im
pact
as
wel
l.
“By
crea
ting
an u
rban
farm
clo
se to
the
cons
umer
,” sa
ys th
e pr
ojec
t’s
foun
ders
, “w
e se
ek to
cre
ate
new
con
nect
ions
and
sol
utio
ns b
etw
een
prod
ucer
and
cus
tom
er, i
n or
der t
o en
rich
both
far
mer
and
citi
zen.
”
HØ
JE
TO
RV
Cop
enha
gen,
Den
mar
kPL
OT
(JD
S an
d BI
G)
Mad
s Bo
seru
p La
urits
en, i
nitia
tor o
f one
of t
he fi
rst r
oof g
arde
n pr
ojec
ts in
Cop
enha
gen,
kno
wn
as th
e R
oof T
omat
o Pr
ojec
t, re
info
rces
th
e im
port
ance
of s
uch
initi
ativ
es b
oth
for t
heir
biol
ogic
al a
nd s
ocia
l im
pact
. “I h
ave
wor
ked
as a
n ur
ban
plan
ner,
whe
re y
ou ta
lk a
lot a
bout
br
eaki
ng d
own
soci
al b
arrie
rs. A
nd th
at’s
exac
tly w
hat h
appe
ns w
hen
you
build
a p
lant
box
toge
ther
, the
n sh
are
in th
e ca
re o
f it.
The
fact
that
th
e ci
ty a
lso
beco
mes
gre
ener
is ju
st a
pos
itive
sid
e eff
ect.”
Øst
erG
RO
wea
ves
itsel
f int
o th
e ur
ban
fabr
ic b
oth
in it
s ut
iliza
tion
of
the
city
’s ro
ofto
ps, b
ut a
lso
in it
s fin
anci
al s
truc
ture
. The
pro
ject
exi
sts
as a
CSA
(C
omm
unity
Sup
port
ed A
gric
ultu
re),
a co
mm
unity
-bas
ed
econ
omic
mod
el o
f agr
icul
ture
and
food
dis
trib
utio
n, w
hich
dire
ctly
co
nnec
ts fa
rmer
s an
d co
nsum
ers.
Peo
ple
pay
at th
e be
ginn
ing
of th
e gr
owin
g se
ason
for a
sha
re o
f the
exp
ecte
d ha
rves
t – a
nd th
us b
ecom
e C
SA m
embe
rs. W
hen
the
harv
est s
easo
n be
gins
, mem
bers
can
pic
k up
th
eir w
eekl
y sh
are
of v
eget
able
s, e
ggs
and
hone
y.
Arc
hite
cts
at P
LOT
onc
e pl
anne
d to
tran
sfor
m th
e to
p of
Cop
enha
gen’
s M
agas
in d
epar
tmen
t sto
re in
to a
terr
ain
whe
re s
kiin
g, b
uyin
g a
Chr
istm
as tr
ee, w
atch
ing
free
film
s or
sim
ply
enjo
ying
the
sky
at n
ight
w
ould
be
avai
labl
e to
the
publ
ic. T
he p
roje
ct w
as n
ever
com
plet
ed, b
ut
it di
d in
spire
a lo
t of t
hink
ing
on h
ow c
ity r
ooft
ops
coul
d co
me
to u
se
and
add
a w
hole
new
laye
r to
the
city
.
The
Mag
asin
roof
top
land
scap
e w
ould
hav
e co
nsis
ted
of a
hill
y te
rrai
n w
ith g
reat
leve
l diff
eren
tials
. The
vis
ions
took
sha
pe in
con
nect
ion
with
th
e ”Im
prov
ing
Urb
an S
pace
s” p
roje
ct in
itiat
ed b
y R
eald
ania
– D
anis
h fo
unda
tion
for t
he B
uilt
Envi
ronm
ent –
in 2
002.
With
“the
qua
lity
of c
ity
spac
es” a
s th
e fo
cus
of th
e pr
ojec
t, H
øje
Torv
pro
vide
s an
inno
vativ
e as
sess
men
t of t
he p
oten
tial o
f a g
iven
spa
ce in
the
city
and
its
capa
city
fo
r use
s be
yond
usu
al c
onve
ntio
n.
29
TH
E C
AS
CA
DE
Hon
g Ko
ngEd
ge D
esig
n In
stitu
teed
gede
sign
.com
.hk
Hon
g Ko
ng’s
extr
eme
dens
ity h
as m
ade
its re
side
nts
part
icul
arly
ski
lled
at
max
imiz
ing
the
use
of th
eir c
ity’s
stru
ctur
es a
nd s
urfa
ces.
Mor
ning
Tai
Chi
se
ssio
ns a
re h
eld
on th
e ce
men
t for
ecou
rts
of la
rge
offic
e bu
ildin
gs, s
tree
t tr
ader
s se
t up
shop
with
spe
cial
ly c
raft
ed ta
bles
and
sta
nds
whi
ch b
olt
on to
pub
lic fe
nces
and
pos
ts, a
nd th
e lig
htin
g of
its
corp
orat
e bu
ildin
gs
on th
e w
ater
fron
t are
bei
ng u
sed
for a
n or
nate
, cho
reog
raph
ed li
ght a
nd
soun
d sh
ow to
the
delig
ht o
f tou
rists
.
The
Cas
cade
is th
e m
anife
stat
ion
of H
ong
Kong
’s m
alle
able
rela
tions
hip
with
its
exis
ting
phys
ical
terr
ain.
Its
crea
tors
, Edg
e D
esig
n In
stitu
te,
desc
ribe
The
Cas
cade
as
“an
artif
icia
l lan
dsca
pe th
at re
spon
ds to
the
uniq
ue to
pogr
aphy
of t
he s
ite: a
cas
cade
of s
teps
that
cre
ates
a p
ublic
th
orou
ghfa
re a
nd g
ener
ates
the
pote
ntia
l for
a d
elic
atel
y-sc
aled
pub
lic
spac
e th
at h
as o
ften
bee
n ov
erlo
oked
.”
Loca
ted
at T
he C
entr
ium
in H
ong
Kong
Cen
tral
, The
Cas
cade
repr
esen
ts
the
laye
ring
of p
oten
tial o
n to
p of
the
surf
ace
of o
ne o
f the
city
’s co
untle
ss
func
tiona
l sta
irway
s. C
ompl
ete
with
Bau
hini
a tr
ees,
indi
vidu
al a
nd
adjo
inin
g se
atin
g ar
eas
and
a lig
htin
g sc
hem
e th
at c
hang
es w
ith th
e ar
ea’s
nigh
ttim
e ac
tiviti
es, T
he C
asca
de p
rovi
des
a va
riety
of p
rivat
e an
d pu
blic
m
omen
ts in
the
othe
rwis
e ut
ilita
rian
com
mer
cial
are
a, a
nd il
lust
rate
s th
e po
tent
ial s
tore
d w
ithin
pub
lic s
tairs
eve
ryw
here
.
BIR
KE
GA
DE
Cop
enha
gen,
Den
mar
kJD
S w
ith P
LOT,
BIG
, EK
Jjd
sa.e
u/bi
r
Plan
ning
an
outd
oor s
pace
to b
e “a
ste
ep fl
owin
g st
airc
ase
lead
ing
to
an o
utdo
or k
itche
n, b
right
-ora
nge
play
spa
ce, w
ood-
floor
ed s
unde
ck,
and
a ro
lling
gra
ssy
hill,
perf
ect f
or s
omer
saul
ts”,
is a
ppea
ling,
but
not
ne
cess
arily
sur
pris
ing.
Unl
ess
it is
foun
d on
the
roof
top
of a
n ap
artm
ent
build
ing.
The
Elm
egad
e di
stric
t is
one
of th
e m
ost d
ense
ly p
opul
ated
are
as
of in
ner N
ørre
bro,
Cop
enha
gen.
The
tria
ngul
ar b
lock
of B
irkeg
ade-
Egeg
ade-
Elm
egad
e ha
s a
very
hig
h de
nsity
, res
ultin
g in
its
encl
osed
co
urty
ard
bein
g “a
clo
se to
zer
o su
rfac
e”. W
hen
JDS
Arc
hite
cts
wer
e as
ked
to d
esig
n th
ree
pent
hous
es o
n to
p of
one
of t
he b
lock
’s co
-ow
ned
build
ings
, the
y de
cide
d to
use
the
roof
of t
he n
ewly
des
igne
d to
p flo
or to
cre
ate
the
“mis
sing
gar
den”
for i
ts c
omm
unity
of o
wne
rs.
The
resu
lt is
an
undu
latin
g 9,
700
squa
re fe
et (
900
squa
re m
eter
) “p
layf
ul ro
ofto
p te
rrac
e co
nsis
ting
of a
pla
ygro
und
with
sho
ck-
abso
rbin
g su
rfac
e an
d a
susp
ensi
on b
ridge
, a g
reen
hill
with
var
ying
ac
com
mod
atio
n ba
cked
by
real
gra
ss a
nd h
ardy
veg
etat
ion,
a v
iew
ing
plat
form
, an
outd
oor k
itche
n an
d ba
rbec
ue, a
nd a
mor
e qu
iet w
oode
n de
ck.
The
pro
ject
illu
stra
tes
the
fact
that
in s
pite
of d
ensi
ty a
nd li
mite
d pu
blic
sp
ace
in s
ome
inne
r-ci
ty n
eigh
borh
oods
, one
are
a re
mai
ns c
onsi
sten
tly
unde
rutil
ized
: the
roof
. Whi
le u
rban
farm
ing
and
gree
n ro
ofs
are
mak
ing
head
way
in re
turn
ing
food
pro
duct
ion
and
biod
iver
sity
to
citie
s, B
irkeg
ade
show
s th
at ro
ofto
ps a
lso
hold
gre
at p
rom
ise
to b
e re
prog
ram
med
for p
ure
hum
an e
njoy
men
t and
recr
eatio
n.
As
JDS
Arc
hite
cts
stat
e, “U
sual
ly a
roof
def
ines
a fi
nal m
easu
re o
f any
co
nstr
uctio
n. W
e im
agin
e ci
ties
whe
re p
eopl
e w
ill b
e th
e la
st m
easu
re
of th
e en
viro
nmen
t.”
31
PA
VE
GE
NLo
ndon
, UK
Pave
gen
Syst
ems
pave
gen.
com
QR
CH
IAD
OLi
sbon
, Por
tuga
lM
STF
Part
ners
mst
fpar
tner
s.co
m
Att
entio
n is
mos
tly p
aid
to th
e am
ount
of e
nerg
y re
quire
d to
kee
p th
e ci
ty in
mot
ion.
Wha
t if t
he p
ersp
ectiv
e w
as s
hift
ed to
look
ing
at th
e m
otio
n of
the
city
as
a po
tent
ial s
ourc
e to
gen
erat
e en
ergy
?
Briti
sh fi
rm P
aveg
en h
as d
evel
oped
a ti
le th
at h
arve
sts
ener
gy fr
om th
e m
ost b
asic
of p
eopl
e’s
inte
ract
ions
with
the
city
– fe
et m
ovin
g ac
ross
its
sur
face
s. W
hen
a pe
dest
rian
mov
es th
roug
h th
e ci
ty, t
he n
atur
al
pres
sure
of h
is o
r her
ste
p is
con
vert
ed in
to e
lect
ricity
, whi
ch c
an th
en
be s
tore
d fo
r a v
arie
ty o
f use
s, fr
om s
tree
t lig
htin
g to
pub
lic in
form
atio
n di
spla
ys.
With
a g
row
ing
num
ber o
f ins
talla
tions
thro
ugho
ut th
e U
K a
nd E
urop
e,
Pave
gen
tiles
aim
to re
duce
the
carb
on fo
otpr
int o
f citi
es b
y us
ing
the
foot
prin
ts o
f its
resi
dent
s. T
he m
odul
ar d
esig
n of
the
tiles
allo
w
mul
tiple
uni
ts to
be
linke
d as
par
t of a
larg
er s
yste
m –
a ty
pica
l mul
tiple
in
stal
latio
n in
a h
igh-
foot
fall
area
can
pro
duce
eno
ugh
ener
gy to
the
area
’s lig
htin
g fo
r 12
hour
s. A
n in
stal
latio
n in
Lon
don’
s W
est H
am
Tube
sta
tion
durin
g th
e O
lym
pics
gen
erat
ed o
ver 1
,000
Wat
t Hou
rs o
f en
ergy
from
the
traff
ic o
f the
pub
lic.
Any
exp
erie
nce
had
in L
isbo
n is
one
laye
red
on to
p of
the
look
and
feel
, of
the
city
’s fa
mou
s co
bble
d st
reet
s. T
he ir
regu
larly
sha
ped
limes
tone
an
d ba
salt
cobb
lest
ones
hav
e de
fined
the
deco
rativ
e su
rfac
e of
the
city
for c
entu
ries.
So
whe
n a
Lisb
on a
genc
y w
ante
d to
com
mun
icat
e th
e ch
arac
ter o
f the
city
in a
cam
paig
n it
chos
e to
do
so u
sing
the
stru
ctur
al c
ompo
nent
s of
the
city
sur
face
as
its m
ediu
m.
QR
Chi
ado
is a
n in
itiat
ive
deve
lope
d by
Lis
bon-
base
d cr
eativ
e ag
ency
M
STF
Part
ners
to u
se th
e m
ater
ial o
f Lis
bon
as b
oth
med
ium
and
m
essa
ge. T
hey
have
use
d th
e w
ell-k
now
n st
ones
to c
reat
e Q
R c
odes
in
the
pave
men
t. Q
R C
hiad
o as
bec
ome
a m
oder
n em
brac
e of
an
anci
ent
trad
ition
– ju
st a
s th
e st
reet
s of
the
city
use
d to
tell
code
d ta
les
of
seaf
arin
g ad
vent
ures
, mer
mai
ds, i
ndus
try
and
fore
ign
land
s, th
e ve
ry
sam
e st
ones
are
now
telli
ng u
pdat
ed s
torie
s vi
a di
gita
l dev
ices
.
In th
e sa
me
way
that
des
igns
and
cob
bles
tone
s th
emse
lves
wer
e ex
port
ed fr
om P
ortu
gal t
o ot
her c
ount
ries
thro
ugho
ut h
isto
ry, Q
R
Chi
ado
has
been
exp
orte
d to
Rio
de
Jane
iro a
nd B
arce
lona
, citi
es
with
a v
ast a
mou
nt o
f pub
lic c
obbl
esto
ne s
urfa
ces,
eac
h re
ady
to
tell
a m
oder
n ta
le o
f the
city
, mad
e fr
om m
ater
ial o
f the
city
’s su
rfac
e in
fras
truc
ture
.
SM
AR
T H
IGH
WA
YRo
tter
dam
, Net
herla
nds
Stud
io R
oose
gaar
dest
udio
roos
egaa
rde.
net
Mot
orw
ays
have
dev
elop
ed a
num
ber o
f way
s to
aug
men
t the
driv
ing
expe
rienc
e. F
rom
road
side
adv
ertis
emen
ts to
the
man
y si
gns,
dire
ctio
ns
and
caut
ions
for m
otor
ists
, to
road
side
ser
vice
s an
d di
ning
opt
ions
–
tran
spor
tatio
n ag
enci
es a
re a
dept
at p
rovi
ding
opt
ions
for e
very
thin
g bu
t th
e ac
tual
road
way
itse
lf. T
his
is a
n ob
serv
atio
n no
t los
t on
desi
gner
Daa
n Ro
oseg
aard
e:
“Whe
n w
e lo
ok a
t hig
hway
s, w
hy is
so
muc
h m
oney
, tim
e an
d en
ergy
spe
nt
on c
ars,
whe
n th
e ac
tual
road
itse
lf is
stil
l stu
ck in
the
mid
dle
ages
?”
His
firm
Stu
dio
Roos
egaa
rde
is w
orki
ng w
ith D
utch
eng
inee
rs H
eijm
ans
Infra
stru
ctur
e to
cha
nge
this
. The
team
has
dev
elop
ed a
ser
ies
of in
nova
tions
whi
ch e
mpl
oy th
e dy
nam
ics
of th
e ro
ad s
urfa
ce a
nd th
e ca
r mov
emen
t to
brin
g ne
w fu
nctio
nalit
y to
our
rela
tions
hip
with
driv
ing
and
tran
spor
tatio
n in
frast
ruct
ure.
The
“Sm
art H
ighw
ays”
initi
ativ
e is
a d
esig
n ag
enda
for m
ore
inte
ract
ive,
sus
tain
able
and
saf
e ro
ads.
The
stu
dio’
s de
sign
con
cept
s fo
r “G
low
-in-t
he-D
ark
Road
”, “D
ynam
ic P
aint
”, “In
tera
ctiv
e Li
ght”,
“Ind
uctio
n Pr
iorit
y La
ne” a
nd “W
ind
Ligh
t”, u
se p
hoto
lum
ines
cent
pai
nt c
harg
ed b
y th
e su
n du
ring
the
day,
heat
-sen
sitiv
e pa
int t
o in
dica
te ic
y ro
ads,
and
road
side
w
ind
gene
rato
rs fu
eled
by
the
mot
ion
of p
assi
ng c
ars
to e
xplo
re h
ow to
de
velo
p ne
w ro
ad s
urfa
ces
with
the
exis
ting
com
pone
nts
of tr
ansp
orta
tion
infra
stru
ctur
e th
an a
dd n
ew s
truc
ture
s on
top.
“The
se a
re a
ll id
eas
that
are
not
sup
er h
igh-
tech
. The
y ar
e ba
sic
prin
cipl
es
whi
ch w
e ca
n im
plem
ent t
o ex
istin
g ro
ads
with
in th
e ne
xt th
ree
to fi
ve y
ears
,” sa
ys R
oose
gaar
de.
Afte
r rec
eivi
ng a
n aw
ard
for B
est F
utur
e C
once
pt a
t the
201
2 D
utch
Des
ign
Aw
ards
, Stu
dio
Roos
egaa
rde
and
Hei
jman
s In
frast
ruct
ure
engi
neer
s ar
e pr
otot
ypin
g th
eir d
esig
ns a
long
a s
tret
ch o
f int
erst
ate
in th
e N
ethe
rland
s. T
he c
olla
bora
tion
betw
een
Stud
io R
oose
gaar
de a
nd H
eijm
ans
is d
edic
ated
to
inno
vatin
g th
e m
otor
way
, to
crea
te, a
s th
ey s
ay, “
the
Rout
e 66
of t
he
futu
re.”’.
Illus
trat
ion
p. 4
3
33
N B
UIL
DIN
GTo
kyo,
Jap
anTe
rada
desi
gn A
rchi
tect
s,Q
osm
o, In
c.te
rada
desi
gn.c
om /
qos
mo.
jp
UR
BA
N P
LA
ZA
Milw
auke
e, W
I, U
SALa
Dal
lman
lada
llman
.com
Mos
t str
uctu
res
sett
le fo
r a p
assi
ve c
ontr
ibut
ion
to a
city
’s id
entit
y, le
ttin
g th
e ac
tiviti
es th
at ta
ke p
lace
with
in th
e bu
ildin
g re
mai
n th
ere.
Toky
o’s
N B
uild
ing
assu
mes
an
activ
e vo
ice
in th
e ci
ty; a
vib
rant
ex
tern
al re
latio
nshi
p w
ith th
e vi
sual
land
scap
e of
Jap
an’s
met
ropo
lis.
A c
omm
erci
al s
truc
ture
loca
ted
in a
sho
ppin
g di
stric
t nea
r Tac
hika
wa
Stat
ion,
the
build
ing’
s de
sign
ers
felt
that
a tr
aditi
onal
com
mer
cial
si
gnag
e w
ould
“und
erm
ine”
the
build
ing’
s id
entit
y in
the
city
. The
y w
ante
d th
e bu
ildin
g to
be
part
of t
he e
xper
ienc
e an
d id
entit
y of
the
city
, to
have
the
stru
ctur
e of
the
build
ing
be a
n ac
tive
part
of t
he c
ity
itsel
f.
Usi
ng th
e en
tire
fron
t of t
he b
uild
ing
as a
QR
cod
e, th
e pu
blic
can
take
a
phot
o of
the
build
ing
with
a s
mar
tpho
ne a
nd in
stan
tly g
et u
p to
dat
e in
form
atio
n ab
out w
hat i
s go
ing
on in
side
the
build
ing,
read
pub
lic
post
ings
from
the
soci
al m
edia
feed
s co
min
g fr
om th
e in
side
, or v
iew
th
e ou
tput
of c
reat
ive
agen
cies
wor
king
in th
e bu
ildin
g.
By d
efin
ition
, eve
ry b
ridge
has
an
unde
r-br
idge
are
a, a
nd w
heth
er b
y ha
bit o
r neg
lect
, suc
h ar
eas
are
ofte
n am
ong
the
city
’s m
ost n
egle
cted
an
d un
love
d “b
ypro
duct
s” o
f hea
vy in
fras
truc
ture
.
La D
allm
an h
as ta
ken
a ho
listic
app
roac
h to
the
entir
e br
idge
are
a,
conv
ertin
g th
e un
der-
brid
ge a
rea
of T
he M
arsu
pial
Brid
ge in
to
Urb
an P
laza
. Due
to th
e la
ck o
f nat
ural
ligh
t, a
land
scap
e of
gra
vel,
seat
ing
boul
ders
and
ben
ches
wer
e us
ed in
pla
ce o
f tra
ditio
nal g
reen
la
ndsc
apin
g, p
rovi
ding
a re
st a
rea
for b
icyc
lists
and
ped
estr
ians
cr
ossi
ng th
e br
idge
, and
a c
ivic
gat
herin
g sp
ace
for f
ilm fe
stiv
als,
rive
r ev
ents
and
info
rmal
loca
l eve
nts.
IPA
VE
ME
NT
Mad
rid, S
pain
Via
Inte
ligen
teip
avem
ent.c
om
Bein
g “c
onne
cted
” in
the
city
mea
ns m
any
diffe
rent
thin
gs. F
rom
tr
ansp
orta
tion
links
con
nect
ing
resi
dent
ial a
nd b
usin
ess
area
s to
wi-f
i and
ce
ll ph
one
sign
al s
tren
gths
in c
erta
in a
reas
, con
nect
ivity
and
the
urba
n en
viro
nmen
t are
intr
insi
cally
link
ed.
Mad
rid-b
ased
info
rmat
ion
tech
nolo
gy c
ompa
ny V
ia In
telig
ente
is w
orki
ng
with
its
own
defin
ition
of c
onne
ctin
g th
e ci
ty. T
heir
flags
hip
prod
uct,
iPav
emen
t, em
beds
wire
less
tech
nolo
gy in
the
city
’s pa
ving
sto
nes.
With
its
own
oper
atin
g sy
stem
and
a li
ne o
f cus
tom
app
s, iP
avem
ent i
nteg
rate
s w
i-fi
and
blue
toot
h in
func
tiona
l urb
an p
avin
g til
es th
at h
ave
surv
ived
the
fest
ive
crow
ds g
athe
ring
at M
adrid
’s Pu
erta
del
Sol
, the
pun
ishi
ng S
pani
sh m
idda
y su
n, a
nd h
eavy
veh
icle
s cr
iss-
cros
sing
the
squa
re d
urin
g m
orni
ng d
eliv
erie
s.
By g
ivin
g a
func
tiona
l pie
ce o
f urb
an in
frast
ruct
ure
the
adde
d ab
ility
of
deliv
erin
g In
tern
et c
onne
ctiv
ity,
Via
Inte
ligen
te s
ays
that
iPav
emen
t can
be
com
e a
way
of i
ncre
asin
g ec
onom
ic d
evel
opm
ent i
n ur
ban
area
s w
ithou
t m
unic
ipal
and
com
mer
cial
Inte
rnet
con
nect
ions
. By
inte
grat
ing
Inte
rnet
co
nnec
tions
into
the
func
tiona
l sur
face
s of
the
city
, info
rmat
ion
flow
can
als
o be
com
e a
two-
way
str
eet,
and
the
com
pany
has
pla
ns to
use
foot
-sen
sitiv
e pa
ving
sto
nes
that
ena
ble
data
col
lect
ion
in u
rban
are
as, t
akin
g no
te o
f pe
dest
rian
traff
ic a
nd u
sage
pat
tern
s to
ena
ble
the
city
to re
spon
d m
ore
prec
isel
y to
the
desi
res
and
need
s of
its
publ
ic a
nd p
ublic
spa
ces.
35UNLOCKING ESSENTIAL NEEDS FROM EXISTING ASSETS
A number of consumer gadgets and computer games come with ‘unlock codes’ – secret keystrokes or button combinations that will allow access to hidden levels or increased capabilities. The structures of the city have their own unlock codes, and designers, architects and engineers are discovering them to reveal hidden solutions held within some of the most commonplace urban objects and areas.
A billboard connecting the dry ground surrounding Lima, Peru, with the area’s humid sky becomes a humidity collection system that provides clean drinking water to residents when a team of engineers unlocks its new reality. To some, a series of abandoned subway tunnels under London are historical remnants of its transport system – but not to the team using the tunnels as growing chambers as a new local food source in London. In Stockholm, traffic roundabouts have their fans and foes – a local firm sees them instead an untapped terrain for a future food source.
Cities are always balancing between past, present and future, between current realities and desired needs. As the dormant potential of existing structures is unlocked, new opportunities reveal themselves.
4
37
UT
EC
WA
TE
R B
ILL
BO
AR
DLi
ma,
Per
uU
TEC
utec
.edu
.pe
UR
BA
N A
IRLo
s A
ngel
es, C
A, U
SASt
ephe
n G
lass
man
urba
nair.
is
The
city
of L
ima,
Per
u, h
as to
dea
l with
a c
ruel
con
trad
ictio
n: T
he c
ity is
the
wor
ld’s
seco
nd-la
rges
t met
ropo
lis s
ituat
ed in
a d
eser
t (C
airo
is th
e bi
gges
t),
yet t
he c
ity h
as a
n at
mos
pher
ic h
umid
ity o
f aro
und
98 p
erce
nt. I
t wou
ld s
eem
ob
viou
s fo
r Lim
a re
side
nts
that
wha
t is
need
ed is
a li
nk b
etw
een
the
sky
and
the
city
. In
mos
t citi
es, b
illbo
ards
are
the
stru
ctur
es th
at fo
rm th
e vi
sual
co
nnec
tions
. Tha
t is
true
in L
ima
too
- but
in a
muc
h m
ore
mea
ning
ful w
ay.
The
UT
EC W
ater
Bill
boar
d is
a b
illbo
ard
that
con
vert
s th
e re
gion
’s m
oist
air
into
drin
king
wat
er. T
he m
oist
air
is p
roce
ssed
thro
ugh
a se
ries
of re
vers
e os
mos
is m
achi
nes
inst
alle
d in
side
the
billb
oard
– a
ir fil
ter,
cond
ense
r and
ca
rbon
filte
r – g
ener
atin
g an
ave
rage
of 9
5 lit
ers
of w
ater
per
day
, whi
ch
is k
ept i
n ta
nks
at th
e to
p an
d co
mes
out
of a
fauc
et a
t the
bot
tom
of t
he
billb
oard
. In
its fi
rst t
hree
mon
ths
of o
pera
tion,
the
billb
oard
pro
duce
d al
mos
t 10
,000
lite
rs o
f fre
sh d
rinki
ng w
ater
that
the
loca
ls ra
te h
ighe
r tha
n w
ater
fro
m w
ells
– a
ccor
ding
to a
loca
l man
in th
e ab
ove
vide
o –
beca
use
that
stu
ff is
”not
nic
e an
d it’
s po
llute
d.”
Orig
inal
ly c
reat
ed a
s a
part
ners
hip
betw
een
Lim
a’s U
nive
rsity
of E
ngin
eerin
g an
d Te
chno
logy
(UT
EC) a
nd th
e ad
age
ncy
May
o D
raft
FCB
to s
how
how
en
gine
erin
g sk
ills
can
bene
fit s
ocie
ty, e
ncou
rage
new
stu
dent
app
licat
ions
, th
e bi
llboa
rds
have
bee
n re
cogn
ized
as
the
first
in th
e w
orld
to tr
ansf
orm
the
air’s
hum
idity
into
drin
king
wat
er, a
nd h
ave
beco
me
a m
odel
of r
esou
rcef
ul
way
s to
repu
rpos
e ex
istin
g in
frast
ruct
ure
for n
ew b
enef
icia
l use
in th
e ci
ty.
Urb
an b
illbo
ards
tend
to b
e um
popu
lar i
n ci
ties
for t
heir
ubiq
uito
us,
com
mer
cial
pre
senc
e. B
ut to
Los
Ang
eles
art
ist S
teph
en G
lass
man
th
ere
is p
oten
tial i
n th
ese
skyw
ard
stru
ctur
es. H
is U
rban
Air
initi
ativ
e se
es a
num
ber o
f ben
efic
ial f
unct
ions
sto
red
with
in th
e bi
llboa
rds
beyo
nd th
eir u
sual
reve
nue-
gene
ratin
g ro
le.
Urb
an A
ir tr
ansf
orm
s ex
istin
g ur
ban
billb
oard
s in
to li
ving
, sus
pend
ed
bam
boo
gard
ens.
The
pro
ject
“re-
imag
ines
one
of t
he p
rime
sym
bols
of
urba
n co
mm
erci
al m
essa
ging
as
a po
wer
ful p
ublic
/priv
ate
part
ners
hip
in s
ervi
ce o
f clim
ate
scie
nce
and
the
gree
n ec
onom
y, de
sign
ed to
sta
rt
a di
scus
sion
abo
ut u
rban
blig
ht/g
reen
spa
ce a
nd c
limat
e ch
ange
.”
Gla
ssm
an h
as w
orke
d w
ith A
rup
engi
neer
s to
dev
elop
a w
ater
ing
syst
em m
ount
ed o
n th
e st
ruct
ure
to g
ener
ate
a m
istin
g cl
oud
fore
st
in th
e sk
y to
kee
p th
e ba
mbo
o al
ive
and
grow
ing.
Urb
an A
ir ex
pand
s th
e gr
een
real
m o
f our
citi
es, a
bsor
bing
air
pollu
tant
s an
d ur
ban
heat
, in
crea
sing
bio
dive
rsity
, and
redu
cing
nig
httim
e lig
ht p
ollu
tion.
In
addi
tion
to it
s na
tura
l qua
litie
s, e
ach
Urb
an A
ir si
te is
em
bedd
ed w
ith
sens
ors
mea
surin
g C
O2
leve
ls a
nd o
ther
key
atm
osph
eric
gas
es in
and
ar
ound
the
billb
oard
’s cl
oud
fore
st w
hich
are
then
repo
rted
bac
k to
the
part
nerin
g U
.C. B
erke
ley
BEA
CO
2N a
tmos
pher
ic o
bser
vatio
n pr
ojec
t.
“As
this
dat
a is
agg
rega
ted,
map
ped
and
stre
amed
live
to w
eb a
nd
mob
ile a
pplic
atio
ns –
pro
duci
ng a
n ac
cura
te, h
ighl
y re
solv
ed re
al-t
ime
pict
ure
of p
ollu
tant
con
cent
ratio
ns -
the
cons
tella
tion
of U
rban
Air
inst
alla
tions
bec
omes
a li
ving
net
wor
k m
onito
ring
our a
ir qu
ality
... a
nd
a st
rikin
gly
beau
tiful
, hig
hly
visi
ble
sym
bol o
f our
pro
gres
s to
war
d a
gree
n fu
ture
. Urb
an A
ir ...
fuse
s go
od a
rt a
nd g
ood
scie
nce
to th
e gl
obal
co
mm
erci
al in
fras
truc
ture
.”
Illus
trat
ion
p. 4
3
GE
MIN
I R
ES
IDE
NC
EC
open
hage
n, D
enm
ark
MV
RD
Vm
vrdv
.nl
Giv
en th
e na
me,
it s
houl
dn’t
be s
urpr
isin
g th
at th
e “S
eed
Silo
s”
even
tual
ly g
rew
.
Orig
inal
ly b
uilt
in 1
963,
the
seed
silo
s w
ere
once
par
t of t
he S
oya
Bean
C
ake
Fact
ory.
Aft
er th
e pl
ant c
lose
d in
199
0s, t
he tw
o na
ked
cylin
ders
, 25
met
res
in d
iam
eter
, rep
rese
nted
the
hist
ory
of th
e po
rt a
rea
to s
ome,
w
hile
to o
ther
s th
ey re
pres
ente
d th
e po
tent
ial f
or n
ot o
nly
a st
ruct
ure’
s re
birt
h, b
ut th
e en
tire
port
are
a.
In 2
002,
MV
RD
V b
egan
con
vert
ing
the
silo
s in
to re
side
ntia
l and
offi
ce
spac
es. W
here
som
e w
ould
see
onl
y th
e lim
itatio
ns in
the
chal
leng
ing
stru
ctur
es, M
VR
DV
foun
d cr
eativ
ity in
the
cons
trai
nts.
Due
to th
e di
fficu
lty in
cut
ting
hole
s in
the
conc
rete
ring
s fo
r doo
rs a
nd w
indo
ws,
an
d th
e un
appe
alin
g pr
ospe
ct o
f cro
wdi
ng th
e re
side
nces
insi
de th
e si
lo, t
he fi
rm w
as fo
rced
to th
ink
“out
side
the
silo
”.
MV
RD
V c
hose
to w
rap
apar
tmen
ts a
roun
d th
e ex
terio
r of t
he s
ilos,
with
ac
cess
to th
em g
aine
d th
roug
h th
e ce
ntra
l cor
e, w
hich
onc
e ho
used
th
e si
lo’s
seed
s an
d el
evat
ors.
Now
, as
resi
dent
s m
ove
thro
ugh
the
form
er fu
nctio
nal c
ore
of th
e bu
ildin
g, th
ey a
re m
ovin
g w
ithin
the
larg
er
jour
ney
of th
e si
los
and
thei
r sec
ond
life
in th
e st
ory
of th
e ci
ty.
39
LOL
Lond
on, U
KC
SRA
rchi
tect
scs
rarc
hite
cts.
com
HA
WS
ELo
ndon
, UK
Levi
tt B
erns
tein
levi
ttbe
rnst
ein.
co.u
k
Levi
tt B
erns
tein
sug
gest
s tr
ansf
orm
ing
thes
e un
its in
to m
icro
-hou
sing
fo
r hom
eles
s pe
ople
by
inse
rtin
g pr
e-fa
b st
ruct
ures
into
the
park
ing
gara
ge u
nits
. The
sch
eme
envi
sion
s ea
ch 1
24 s
quar
e fe
et (
11.5
squ
are
met
er)
spac
e be
ing
fitte
d w
ith a
kitc
hen
with
eno
ugh
room
for a
sm
all
tabl
e an
d tw
o ch
airs
, a s
how
er a
nd to
ilet r
oom
and
a b
ed, w
ith e
very
fif
th g
arag
e un
it a
com
mun
al la
undr
y, fu
rthe
r kitc
hen
equi
pmen
t and
di
ning
are
a.
The
initi
ativ
e, e
ntitl
ed H
AW
SE (
Hom
es th
roug
h A
ppre
ntic
eshi
ps W
ith
Skill
s fo
r Em
ploy
men
t) is
des
igne
d to
allo
w fu
ture
tena
nts
to a
ssem
ble
the
hom
es fr
om re
ady-
built
com
pone
nts
thro
ugh
an a
ppre
ntic
eshi
p pr
ogra
m, g
ivin
g fr
eque
ntly
und
erse
rved
urb
an p
opul
atio
ns n
ot o
nly
shel
ter b
ut n
ew s
kills
. “T
he p
ropo
sal n
ot o
nly
prov
ide
a ho
me,
but
ed
ucat
ion
oppo
rtun
ities
in c
onst
ruct
ion
tech
niqu
es. W
e se
e it
as p
art
of th
e w
ider
rege
nera
tion
of e
xist
ing
esta
tes,”
say
s th
e fir
m.
Illus
trat
ion
p. 4
3
Rai
lway
s ha
ve a
lway
s se
t the
pat
h fo
r urb
an e
xpan
sion
. Per
haps
it is
tim
e to
look
to th
e ra
ilway
s fo
r fur
ther
exp
ansi
on o
f urb
an o
ppor
tuni
ty.
LOL,
by
CSR
Arc
hite
cts,
is a
pro
posa
l for
the
re-u
se o
f the
railw
ay
viad
uct a
rche
s as
sm
all l
ivin
g un
its. L
ondo
n’s
incr
easi
ng d
ensi
ty a
nd
lack
of a
fford
able
com
mer
cial
spa
ce h
as in
spire
d m
any
auto
repa
ir sh
ops
and
serv
ice
indu
strie
s to
see
k w
orks
pace
in th
e re
d br
ick
arca
des
bene
ath
the
railw
ay li
nes.
Usi
ng a
pre
fabr
icat
ed c
onst
ruct
ion
syst
em, t
he a
rchi
tect
s no
w s
eek
to c
onve
rt e
mpt
y ra
ilway
arc
hes
into
re
side
ntia
l lof
ts.
Dev
elop
ed a
s a
com
petit
ion
for n
ew v
ersi
ons
of u
rban
loft
s, th
e ar
chite
cts
felt
ther
e w
as o
ppor
tuni
ty in
the
man
y ki
lom
eter
s of
ra
ilway
via
duct
s th
at ta
ke u
p sp
ace
in s
ome
of L
ondo
n’s
mos
t den
sely
po
pula
ted
area
s.
Lond
on h
as b
een
plag
ued
by h
ousi
ng s
hort
age
for a
long
tim
e. S
carc
ity
of a
vaila
ble
hous
ing
has
led
to s
kyro
cket
ing
cost
s, c
reat
ing
stee
p hu
rdle
s fo
r firs
t-tim
e bu
yers
, mak
ing
it di
fficu
lt fo
r the
city
’s “e
ssen
tial
serv
ices
” suc
h as
med
ical
and
em
erge
ncy
staff
to fi
nd a
fford
able
re
side
nces
and
a n
early
impo
ssib
le ta
sk fo
r loc
al h
omel
ess
char
ities
to
find
acco
mm
odat
ion
for p
eopl
e in
nee
d.
But a
ccor
ding
to a
rchi
tect
s Le
vitt
Ber
nste
in, t
here
is m
ore
avai
labl
e sp
ace
for h
ousi
ng in
the
city
than
mos
t peo
ple
appr
ecia
te. T
he fi
rm
sees
unt
appe
d po
tent
ial i
n th
e em
pty
park
ing
gara
ge u
nits
that
are
a
com
mon
feat
ure
in p
rivat
e an
d pu
blic
hou
sing
est
ates
thro
ugho
ut
Lond
on, b
ut fr
eque
ntly
rem
ain
unus
ed a
nd e
mpt
y.
GR
OW
ING
U
ND
ER
GR
OU
ND
Lond
on, U
KZe
ro C
arbo
n Fo
odgr
owin
g-un
derg
roun
d.co
m
forg
otte
n tu
nnel
s pr
ovid
e.”
- ”T
he c
ool t
unne
ls (n
atur
ally
alw
ays
16°C
/61°
F) a
re a
n id
eal p
lace
to g
row
ve
geta
bles
. We
can
farm
at t
he s
ame
cons
iste
nt q
ualit
y al
l yea
r, w
hich
mea
ns
we
don’
t hav
e to
sou
rce
crop
s fro
m c
ount
ries
with
bet
ter c
limat
es.”
- ”T
here
are
no
pest
s liv
ing
this
far u
nder
grou
nd, s
o w
e ha
ve n
o ne
ed fo
r pe
stic
ides
at a
ll.”- ”
The
LED
’s w
e us
e ar
e th
ree
times
mor
e eff
icie
nt th
an tr
aditi
onal
hig
h-pr
essu
re s
odiu
m li
ghts
(HPS
) use
d in
com
mer
cial
agr
icul
ture
, and
the
perfe
ctly
insu
late
d tu
nnel
env
ironm
ent r
equi
res
no e
xtra
hea
ting
to g
row
na
tura
lly h
ealth
y cr
ops.”
- ”T
he h
ydro
poni
cs s
yste
m u
ses
and
was
tes
70%
less
wat
er th
an
conv
entio
nal o
pen-
field
farm
ing.
Wat
er w
ill c
ome
from
gat
here
d ra
in-w
ater
an
d di
rect
ly fr
om th
e w
ater
tabl
e vi
a th
e su
mp.
”
With
food
sec
urity
and
sus
tain
abili
ty b
eing
hig
h on
the
list o
f iss
ues
that
ci
ties
will
hav
e to
dea
l with
in th
e ne
ar fu
ture
, Gro
win
g U
nder
grou
nd s
erve
s as
an
inte
rest
ing
expe
rimen
t in
how
exi
stin
g ur
ban
asse
ts c
ould
be
used
in
this
rega
rd. L
ondo
n’s
subw
ay tu
nnel
s ha
ve b
een
put t
o al
tern
ate
use
in th
e pa
st to
o –
they
wer
e bo
mb
shel
ters
dur
ing
the
first
Wor
ld W
ar. P
erha
ps th
e fu
ture
hol
ds e
ven
mor
e us
es fo
r the
tunn
el s
yste
m.
Illus
trat
ion
p. 4
3
Lond
on U
nder
grou
nd w
ill s
omet
imes
use
the
phra
se “M
ovin
g Lo
ndon
” as
its
unoff
icia
l tag
line
in re
port
s an
d pr
ess
rele
ases
. Cou
ld “F
eedi
ng L
ondo
n” b
e a
futu
re s
loga
n?
In C
laph
am, S
outh
Lon
don,
the
com
pany
Zer
o C
arbo
n Fo
od h
as tr
ansf
orm
ed
a se
ries
of d
isus
ed “d
eep
leve
l” su
bway
tunn
els
33 m
eter
s be
neat
h th
e st
reet
s in
to g
row
ing
cham
bers
for g
reen
s an
d sa
lad
leav
es. U
sing
the
aban
done
d su
bway
tunn
els
to g
row
food
hav
e nu
mer
ous
adva
ntag
es, a
s th
e co
mpa
ny
stat
es:
- ”U
sing
the
late
st h
ydro
poni
c sy
stem
s an
d LE
D te
chno
logy
, our
cro
ps c
an
be g
row
n ye
ar-r
ound
in th
e pe
rfect
, pes
ticid
e-fre
e en
viro
nmen
t tha
t the
se
41
BU
ZZ
BU
ILD
ING
St
ockh
olm
, Sw
eden
Bela
tche
w A
rkite
kter
bela
tche
w.c
om
AE
RO
FO
RM
Los
Ang
eles
, CA
, USA
Noc
turn
al D
esig
n La
bno
ctur
nald
esig
nlab
.com
In th
e up
com
ing
deca
des,
citi
es w
ill fa
ce c
onsi
dera
ble
chal
leng
es a
s po
pula
tions
con
tinue
to in
crea
se a
nd n
atur
al re
sour
ces
decl
ine.
In a
fu
ture
era
whe
n ba
sic
need
s su
ch a
s fo
od a
nd w
ater
bec
ome
criti
cal
urba
n is
sues
, it w
ill b
e a
requ
irem
ent t
hat e
very
par
t of t
he c
ity b
enef
its
its p
eopl
e in
som
e w
ay.
Feat
ures
suc
h as
road
way
roun
dabo
uts
may
be
seen
as
was
tefu
l in
thei
r sin
gula
r fun
ctio
nalit
y. Bu
t Buz
zBui
ldin
g is
Bel
atch
ew L
abs’
co
ncep
t for
tran
sfor
min
g a
Stoc
khol
m ro
unda
bout
into
a fu
ture
food
pr
oduc
tion
area
. Par
t of i
ts la
rger
pro
ject
Inse
ctC
ity, t
he fi
rm is
aim
ing
tow
ards
a fu
ture
whe
re th
e ci
ty o
f Sto
ckho
lm c
ould
bec
ome
self-
suffi
cien
t in
prot
ein
thro
ugh
urba
n in
sect
pro
duct
ion.
With
ove
r 1,9
00 e
dibl
e sp
ecie
s of
inse
cts,
Bel
atch
ew L
abs
envi
sion
s Bu
zzBu
ildin
g as
a s
elf-
cont
aine
d fu
ture
food
pro
duct
ion
unit
of in
sect
-ba
sed
prot
ein
to re
plac
e th
e us
ual s
ourc
es o
f pro
tein
s fr
om c
ows,
pig
s an
d ch
icke
ns, w
hich
requ
ire v
astly
gre
ater
am
ount
s of
land
to ra
ise.
As
Bela
tche
w L
abs
say,
“In 2
018
it is
est
imat
ed th
at th
e ci
ty o
f Sto
ckho
lm
The
re a
re ro
ughl
y ha
lf a
mill
ion
billb
oard
s in
Am
eric
a, ra
ngin
g fr
om
mod
est s
truc
ture
s at
tach
ed to
bui
ldin
gs to
robu
st s
teel
str
uctu
res
foun
d al
ong
the
coun
try’
s m
otor
way
s. A
gre
at a
mou
nt o
f ene
rgy,
engi
neer
ing
and
expe
nse
goes
into
cre
atin
g an
d m
aint
aini
ng u
rban
st
ruct
ures
who
se s
ole
purp
ose
is to
sel
l thi
ngs.
Aer
ofor
m is
an
“urb
an re
side
ntia
l pro
toty
pe” t
hat s
ees
anot
her
oppo
rtun
ity in
the
skyw
ard
stru
ctur
es.
By a
ttac
hing
a s
mal
l hom
e to
the
billb
oard
, Aer
ofor
m u
tiliz
es n
ot
only
its
stru
ctur
al q
ualit
ies,
but
som
e of
its
othe
r ass
ets
as w
ell.
The
no
rmal
hig
h vi
sibi
lity
plac
emen
t of b
illbo
ards
mea
ns th
at th
e re
side
nts
will
hav
e gr
eat v
iew
s fr
om th
e in
side
. The
reve
nue
from
bill
boar
d ad
vert
isem
ents
cou
ld o
ne d
ay b
ecom
e no
t the
sol
e pu
rpos
e of
the
stru
ctur
e, b
ut a
sou
rce
of re
venu
e th
at e
nabl
es, a
s N
octu
rnal
Des
ign
Lab
says
, “a
subs
idiz
ed li
ving
mod
ule
that
wou
ld a
llow
peo
ple
with
lim
ited
mea
ns to
ow
n a
hom
e in
a m
ajor
met
ropo
litan
city
whe
re
esca
latin
g re
al e
stat
e va
lues
wou
ld n
orm
ally
pro
hibi
t suc
h ho
me
owne
rshi
p.”
will
hav
e 94
0,70
0 in
habi
tant
s. In
ord
er to
pro
duce
pro
tein
from
inse
cts
corr
espo
ndin
g to
the
inha
bita
nts’
mea
t con
sum
ptio
n, a
bout
5,3
82,0
00
squa
re fe
et (
500,
000
squa
re m
eter
) fa
rmab
le s
urfa
ce is
nee
ded.
By
plac
ing
inse
ct fa
rms
in n
ine
roun
dabo
uts
thro
ugho
ut S
tock
holm
, the
go
al o
f mak
ing
Stoc
khol
m s
elf-
suffi
cien
t in
prot
ein
can
be o
btai
ned.
”
In a
dditi
on to
hou
sing
bio
sys
tem
s to
nur
ture
and
gro
w v
ario
us p
rote
in-
rich
inse
ct s
peci
es, t
he g
roun
d flo
or o
f the
bui
ldin
g w
ill c
onta
in a
re
stau
rant
whe
re in
sect
s ar
e pr
epar
ed a
nd s
old
as a
new
sou
rce
of
prot
ein
that
requ
ires
less
land
and
nat
ural
reso
urce
s. ”T
he g
oal,”
say
s Be
latc
hew
Lab
s, ”i
s to
mak
e th
e pr
oduc
tion
publ
ic; i
n co
ntra
st to
the
hidd
en m
eat p
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LIDO LINEp. 23
SMART HIGHWAYp. 31
URBAN AIRp. 37
HAWSEp. 39
GROWING UNDERGROUNDp. 39
ILLUSTRATIONERTHE CREATIVITY OF CONSTRAINTS
The celebrated abundance that shaped the urban narrative throughout history has given way to a contemporary reality of constraint. Whether financial, environmental, or spatial, cities are on a quest to do more, with less. Some find frustration in limitations. Reprogramming the City is an affirmation of the creativity possible within constraints.
A reprogramming mentality celebrates the power of context to re-invent existing content. The city’s content is finite. Reprogramming creates an almost infinite field of future contexts from existing urban content. The city is full of objects and systems designed to do one thing. Reprogramming asks of each one: “What else can it do?”
Cities have always been terrains of invention and discovery – qualities mostly applied to its residents. These same qualities should be applied to all elements of the city. Its structures, systems and surfaces possess their own abilities to re-invent, change and adapt alongside its people. We come to the city with an impetus to create a better life. We should afford the same chances to everything within its landscape.
A new spirit of resourcefulness and imagination is required to unlock the potential of our urban assets – to shift the way we see the city, from a terrain of constraint to an open platform of opportunities. We should no longer consider each element of the city in terms of what it is. We must ask: “What else could it be?”
BYENS HEGNp. 17
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