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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUAL

HANDLINGPRISONERS

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY * NOVEMBER 1952AGO 1385C 200476°-52

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUALFM 19-£0

HANDLINGPRISONERS

OF WAR

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY * NOFEMBER 1952

United States Government Printing OffcWashington : 1952

AGO 1385C

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYWASHINGTON 25, D. C., 3 November 1952

FM 19-40 is published for the information andguidance of all concerned.

[AG 383.6 (1 May 52)]

By ORDER OF TIE SECReTARY OF THE ARMY:

OFFICIAL: J. LAWTON COLLINSWM. E. BERGIN Chief of Staff,Major General, USA United States ArmyThe Adjutant General

DIsTRIBrrnoN:Active Army:

Tech Svc (1:); Admin & Tech Svc Bd (2);AFF (5); AA Comd (2); OS Maj Comd(5); Base Comd (2); MDW (5); LogComd (2); A (2); CHQ (2); Div (2);Brig (2); Regt (1); Bn 19 (2); Co 19(2); FT (1); Sch (10) except 19 (300);

PMS & T 19 (1); RTC (3); POE (1),OSD (1); Mil Dist (3); T/O & E: 19-500 AA thru AE, KA thru KM, MAthru MH.

NG: Div (1); Brig (1); Bn 19 (1); Sep Co 19(1).

ORC: Div (1); Brig (1); Bn 19 (1); Sep Co19 (1).

For explanation of distribution formula, seeSR 310-90-1.

AGO 1388C

FOREWORD

The Geneva Conventions of 1949, many provisionsof which have been incorporated in this manual,have at the date of publication not come into forceas to the United States and are accordingly not yetbinding on the United States or its forces. Untilthe coming into force of the Conventions the provi-sions of this manual will be given effect only to theextent that the United States has, acting unilaterallyand by special directives, directed that the provisionsof the Geneva Conventions of 1949 will be applicablein certain designated areas.

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Paragraphs PageSection I. General ------------ ---------_ 1-4 1

II. Geneva Conventions --------- 5-11 3III. Disciplinary measures -------- 12-14 13IV. Interrogation- ---- --- -- 15-17 17

CHAPTER 2. COMBAT ZONESection I. Capture -------------------- - 18-24 22

II. Collection -------------- 25-30 28III. Evacuation ------------------- 31-40 33

CHAPTER 3. PRISONERS OF WAR IN THECOMMUNICATIONS ZONE

Section I. Internment facilities ----------- 41-43 42II. Administrative considerations --- 44-60 49

III. Transfer and evacuation ------- 61-63 71CHAPTER 4. MILITARY POLICE PRISONER-OF-

WAR UNITSSection I. Military police prisoner-of-war

processing company---------- 64-76 75II. Military police guard company___ 77-81 85

APPENDIX TRAINING ---------------- ----- 88NDEX -------------------------- - -------- 104

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Section I. GENERAL1. PURPOSE

The purpose of this manual is to serve as an opera-tional guide for military police and other officer andenlisted men in active theaters of operations inhandling, processing, interning, and utilizing forlabor purposes enemy prisoners of war. It should berecognized, however, that in active theaters of opera-tions where the Army is serving as a part of an alliedcommand, compliance with operational instructionsother than or in addition to these herein specifiedmight be required.

2. SCOPE

This manual covers pertinent aspects of the GenevaConventions of 1949 that pertain to the treatmentof prisoners of war. It covers operations of cap-turing troops; collection; interrogation; evacuation;handling prisoners of war in division, corps, army,and communications zone areas; disciplinary meas-ures; utilization of prisoner-of-war labor; andoperations and functions of the military policeprisoner-of-war processing company and the mili-tary police guard company.

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3. ARMY RESPONSIBILITY

a. In accomplishing its mission with respect toprisoners of war, the United States Army is chargedwith, but not limited to:

(1) Evacuation from receiving points.(2) Internment.(3) Medical care.(4) Treatment.(5) Education.(6) Employment and compensation.(7) Repatriation.(8) Operation of prisoner-of-war information

bureaus.(9) Maintenance of an appropriate office of

record.b. Prisoners of war captured by the Navy or Air

Force will be evacuated as expeditiously as possibleto designated Army receiving points.

4. COMMAND AND STAFF RESPONSIBILITY

a. Commanders exercise supervision over prison-ers of war on behalf of the United States, and areresponsible for their custody, administration, andtreatment.

b. Prisoners of war who are captured or internedin a theater of operations remain in the custody ofthe theater commander until they are evacuatedfrom the theater, repatriated, or paroled.

c. The assistant chief of staff, G-l, has general staffresponsibility for coordinating plans for prisonersof war. The plans are coordinated with the generaland special staffs in accordance with their respec-tive spheres of interest. (For a discussion of the

2 AGO 138§C

pertinent duties of general and special staff officers,see FM 101-5.)

d. The provost marshal collects, guards, works, andevacuates prisoners of war; and recommends loca-tions for collecting points and cages. The theaterprovost marshal establishes branch prisoner-of-warinformation bureaus at theater headquarters in atheater of operations. The provost marshal of acommand is usually the officer who is responsiblefor preparing plans for handling prisoners of war.He submits the plans to the assistant chief of staff,G-1, for the necessary coordination. The actualexecution of the plans, after they receive commandapproval, is the responsibility of the provost mar-shal of the command.

Section II. GENEVA CONVENTIONS

5. GENERAL

a. The United States is a party to the Geneva(Prisoners of War) Conventions of 27 July 1929and is a signatory to the Geneva Conventions of 12August 194.9. The 1949 Geneva Conventions will re-place the 1929 Geneva Conventions in the relationsbetween the United States and the other parties to theGeneva Conventions when they are ratified by theUnited States Government. These Conventions con-sist of the following:

(1) Geneva Convention for the Amelioration ofthe Condition of the Wounded and Sick inArmed Forces in the Field.

(2) Geneva Convention for the Amelioration ofthe Condition of Wounded, Sick, and Ship-wrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea.

AGo 1385C 200476--62 2 3

(3) Geneva Convention relative to the Treat-ment of Prisoners of War.

(4) Geneva Convention relative to the Pro-tection of Civilian Persons in Time of War.

b. The handling of prisoners of war as discussed inthis manual is concerned primarily with the 1949Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment ofPrisoners of War. The discussion and the referencesto articles in this manual pertain exclusively to thatConvention unless otherwise cited.

c. Such Geneva Conventions as are binding on theUnited States in a conflict are binding on all UnitedStates troops in the same manner as the Constitutionand laws of the United States.

d. All members of the United States Armed Forcesshould have a general understanding of the contentsof the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the imple-menting Department of the Army rules and regula-tions regarding the treatment and handling ofprisoners of war (see DA Pam 20-150).

6. PRISONERS OF WAR

a. Persons belonging to one of the following cate-gories are classified as prisoners of war upon capture(see art. 4 of the Geneva Convention Relative to theTreatment of Prisoners of War):

(1) Members of the armed forces of an enemyparty to the conflict, as well as members ofmilitias or volunteer corps which are a partof such armed forces.

(2) Members of other militias and of othervolunteer corps, including those of or-ganized resistance movements, belonging to

4 AGO 1385C

an enemy party to the conflict, provided thatthey fulfill the following conditions:

(a) That of being commanded by a person re-sponsible for his subordinates.

(b) That of having a fixed distinctive signrecognizable at a distance.

(o) That of carrying arms openly.(d) That of conducting their operations in

accordance with the laws and customs ofwar.

(3) Members of regular armed forces who pro-fess allegiance to a government or anauthority not recognized by the detainingpower.

(4) Persons who accompany the enemy armedforces without actually being membersthereof, such as war correspondents andsupply contractors, provided that they havereceived authorization from the armedforces which they accompany.

(5) Members of crews of the merchant marineand the crews of civil aircraft of the enemyparties to the conflict.

(6) Inhabitants of a nonoccupied territory, whoon the approach of the enemy spontane-ously take up arms to resist the invadingforces, without having had time to formthemselves into regular armed units, pro-vided they carry arms openly and respectthe laws and customs of war.

(7) Persons belonging, or having belonged, tothe armed forces of the occupied countrywho are interned by reason of their al-

AGO 1385C S

legiance to that country, even though theoccupying power has originally liberatedthem while hostilities were going on- out-side the territory it occupies.

(8) Person belonging to one of the categoriesenumerated in this paragraph who havebeen received by neutral or nonbelligerentpowers on their territory and have been in-terned as required by international law.

b. Should any doubt; arise as to whether persons,having committed a belligerent act and having falleninto the hands of the enemy, belong to any of thecategories listed above, such persons shall enjoy theprotection of the Geneva Convention relative to theTreatment of Prisoners of War until such time astheir status has been determined by a competenttribunal.

7. RETAINED PERSONNEL

a. The term "retained personnel," as used in thismanual, refers to certain enemy personnel who arerespected and protected in all circumstances eventhough they are retained in the same prisoner-of-war installations as other captured enemy personnelwho are defined as prisoners of war. (Geneva Con-vention for the Amelioration of the Condition of theWounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field,arts. 24, 26, and 28.) Retained personnel include-

(1) Medical personnel exclusively engaged inthe search for, or the collection, transport,or treatment of the wounded or sick, or inthe prevention of disease.

6 AGO 1385C

(2) Staff personnel exclusively engaged in theadministration of medical units and estab-lishments.

(3) Chaplains attached to the armed forces.(4) Staff personnel of National Red Cross So-

cieties and of other voluntary aid societiesduly recognized and authorized by theirgovernments who may be employed on thesame duties as the personnel mentionedabove, provided that the staff of such socie-ties are subject to military laws and regu-lations.

b. Such retained personnel who fall into the handsof the adverse party are retained only so far as thestate of health, the spiritual needs, and the number ofprisoners of war may require. Personnel thus re-tained are not deemed prisoners of war. Neverthe-less, they at least benefit by the provisions of theGeneva Convention relative to the Treatment ofPrisoners of War. Although retained personnel aresubject to the internal discipline of a camp, they arenot required to perform any work outside their medi-or religious duties.

c. In no circumstances may retained personnel bedeprived of the insignia or identity cards that estab-lish their right to protection under the Geneva Con-vention for the Amelioration of the Condition of theWounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field andthe Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment ofPrisoners of War.

d. Members of the armed forces specially trainedfor employment, should the need arise, as hospitalorderlies, nurses, or auxiliary stretcher-bearers, in

AGO 1385C 7

the search for or the collection, transport, or treat-ment of the wounded and sick are likewise respectedand protected if they are carrying out these duties atthe time when they come into contact with the adverseparty or fall into its: hands. Such personnel areclassified as prisoners of war, but they are employedon their medical duties so far as the need arises.

8. GENERAL PROTECTION OF PRISONERS OF WAR

a. Prisoners of war are in the power and custody ofthe detaining power, but not of the individuals ormilitary units who have captured them.

b. Prisoners of war must be treated humanely, andmust be protected, particularly against acts of vio-lence or intimidation and against insults and publiccuriosity at all times. Measures of reprisal againstprisoners of war are prohibited.

G. Prisoners of war are entitled in all circum-stances to respect for their persons and their honor.Women shall be treated with all regard due to theirsex and shall in all cases benefit by treatment asfavorable as that granted to men.

d. The detaining power must provide free main-tenance and medical care for prisoners of war underits control.

e. Taking into consideration the provisions of theConvention relating to rank and sex, and any privi-leged treatment accorded by reason of health, age,or professional qualifications, all prisoners of warare treated alike without any adverse distinctionbased on race, nationality, religious belief, politicalopinion, or other distinction based on similar criteria.

8 AGO 1385C.

f. No form of coercion may be inflicted on prison-ers of war to obtain from them information of anykind whatever. Prisoners of war who refuse to an-swer may not be threatened, insulted, or exposed tounpleasant or disadvantageous treatment of anykind.

9. PRISONER-OF-WAR INFORMATION BUREAUS

a. GeneraZ. The Geneva Convention providesthat upon the outbreak of a conflict and in all casesof occupation each of the parties to the conflict shallinstitute an official information bureau for prisonersof war who are in its power, and that a centralprisoner-of-war information agency shall be createdin a neutral country.

b. Prisoner of War Information Bureau.(1) The United States Enemy Prisoner-of-

War Information Bureau operates underthe jurisdiction of The Provost MarshalGeneral, Department of the Army. (SeeSR 10-310-1.) Branch prisoner-of-war in-formation bureaus may be established over-seas. Where branch information bureaushave been established, all reports and infor-mation, such as are enumerated in (2) be-low, are channeled through the overseabranch bureaus.

(2) The Enemy Prisoner-of-War InformationBureau is informed within the shortestpossible time of every capture of prisonersof war effected by United States forces. Allavailable pertinent information regardingthe prisoner is transmitted to the bureau

AGO 1385C 9

where an individual record is maintainedfor each prisoner. Most of the data areobtained at the prisoner-of-war camp. Thebureau, in turn, immediately forwards suchinformation to the power concerned throughthe protecting power and the Central Pris-oner-of-War Information Agency. (Seepar. 10.) This information includes, sofar as available to the bureau, the name andother identifying data of each prisoner, thenames of the prisoner's parents, the nameand address of the person to be informed ofhis capture, and the address to which cor-respondence for the prisoner may be sent.The bureau also receives from the variousagencies concerned, such as camps or cages,information regarding transfers, releases,repatriations, escapes, hospitalization, stateof health of prisoners who are seriously illor seriously wounded, and deaths. Failureto transmit this information speedily to theenemy power through the channels pro-vided may encourage retaliation in kind.

(3) The bureau is responsible for replying toall inquiries sent to it concerning prisonersof war, including those who have died incaptivity.

(4) The bureau is also charged with collectingall personal valuables left by prisoners ofwar who have been repatriated or released,or who have escaped or died, and with for-warding such objects to the powers con-cerned, or storing the same until properdisposition can be made.

10 AGO 1385C

c. Central Prisoner-of-War Information Agency.The International Committee of the Red Cross isauthorized by the Convention to propose to the pow-ers concerned the organization of the Central Pris-oner-of-War Information Agency. The function ofthe agency is to collect through official or privatechannels all the information it may obtain relativeto prisoners of war, and to transmit this informa-tion as rapidly as possible to the country of origin ofthe prisoners of war or to the power on which theydepend.

10. PROTECTING POWERS

A neutral power which takes charge of the inter-ests of a party to a conflict in order to safeguard theinterests of that party, and which acquires certainduties by virtue of the Convention, is termed a pro-tecting power. Representatives or delegates of pro-tecting powers, who are subject to the approval ofthe power with which they are to carry out theirduties, are permitted to visit all places where prison-ers of war may be located, particularly places of in-ternment, imprisonment, and labor. The represent-atives or delegates of protecting powers mayinterview prisoners, and particularly prisoners'representatives, without witnesses. The representa-tives or delegates of the protecting powers have fullliberty to select the places they wish to visit. Theduration or frequency of these visits may not be re-stricted. Such visits may not be prohibited exceptfor reasons of imperative military necessity.

AGO 1385C 200476o-52 3 11

11. WELFARE ORGANIZATIONS

a. The representatives appointed to officiate in allwelfare organizations are subject to the approvalof the detaining power.

b. The special position of the International Com-mittee of the Red Cross is recognized and respectedat all times.

c. Subject to the measures which the detainingpower may consider essential to insure its securityor to meet any other reasonable need, representativesof the International Committee of the Red Cross andother relief societies, religious organizations, orother organizations assisting prisoners of war re-ceive from the detaining power all necessary facili-ties for visiting the prisoners, for distributingsupplies and material, from any source, intended forreligious, educational, or recreative purposes, andfor assisting the prisoners in organizing their leisuretime within the camps. Upon delivery of such sup-plies and material to the prisoners of war, or veryshortly afterwards, receipts for each consignment,signed by the prisoners' representative, are for-warded to the relief society or organization makingthe shipment. Receipts for these consignments arealso supplied by the administrative authorities re-sponsible for guarding the prisoners. The detain-ing power may limit the number of societies andorganizations whose delegates are allowed to carryout their activities in its territory and under itssupervision; however, such limitations shall not hin-der the effective operation of adequate relief to allprisoners of war.

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Section III. DISCIPLINARY MEASURES

12. GENERAL

As prisoners of war are subject to the laws, regula-tions, and orders in force in the armed forces of thedetaining power, designated officers in the ArmedForces of the United States and military tribunalsof the United States are authorized to impose dis-ciplinary and judicial punishment, respectively, pur-suant to the provisions of the Uniform Code of Mili-tary Justice and the Manual for Courts-Martial,United States, 1951. However, if any law, regula-tion, or order of the United States declares acts com-mitted by a prisoner of war to be punishable, whereasthe same acts would not be punishable if committedby a member of the Armed Forces of the UnitedStates, such acts entail disciplinary punishmentsonly. In any event, no proceedings or punishmentscontrary to the provisions of the Geneva Conventionrelative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War areallowed.

a. Military personnel having immediate custody ofprisoners enforce military discipline and militarycourtesy.

b. Fraternization of United States Army and civil-ian personnel with prisoners of war is prohibited.

c. Collective punishment is not imposed for in-dividual acts. Corporal punishment, imprisonmentin premises without daylight, and in general, anyform of torture or cruelty are forbidden.

d. No prisoner of war may be deprived of his rankby the detaining power, or prevented from wearinghis badges.

AGO 1355C 13

e. The use of weapons against prisoners of war, es-pecially against those who are escaping or attemptingto escape, constitutes an extreme measure, and is al-ways preceded by warnings appropriate to the cir-cumstances. Upon recapture, prisoners may be placedunder additional guard or strict surveillance to pre-vent further attempts at escape. If necessary, anorganized attempt to escape may be quelled by forceof arms. The principles set forth in FM 19-15 maybe used as a guide in planning for and the preparationof standing operating procedures for the control ofriots among prisoners of war.

13. DISCIPLINARY SANCTIONS

A camp commander, a responsible officer who re-places him, or an officer to whom he has delegatedhis disciplinary powers may impose disciplinarysanctions, subject to the limitations as to punishmentset forth in Chapter III of the Geneva Conventionrelative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. Dis-ciplinary punishments applicable to prisoners of warare limited to a fine not to exceed fifty percent of theadvances of pay and working pay which the prisonerof war would otherwise receive, discontinuance ofprivileges granted over and above those stipulatedby the Geneva Convention, fatigue duties, and con-finement. In no case shall disciplinary punishmentsbe inhuman, brutal, or dangerous to the health ofprisoners of war.

a. The duration of any single punishment is not toexceed 30 days. At least three days must elapse be-tween consecutive plmishments, if the duration ofany one of the puniishments is ten days or more.

14 AGO 1385C

The period between the pronouncing of an award ofdisciplinary punishment and its execution shall notexceed one month.

b. As a disciplinary measure, prisoners may be re-quired to perform fatigue duties not exceeding twohours daily. This punishment is not applicable toofficers. Noncommissioned officers may only be re-quired to do supervisory work as a disciplinarymeasure.

c. Designated leaders, including officer and non-commissioned officer prisoners, who fail to performproperly the duties of supervision of the personnelunder them or any other duty with which they maybe entrusted, may be punished under the summarypunishment power of the camp commander.

d. Prisoners who have made good their escape andwho are recaptured are not liable to any punishmentfor having effected their escape. Prisoners of warwho are recaptured before making good their escapeare liable only to a disciplinary punishment in re-spect of this act. Prisoners of war who commitoffenses with the sole intention of facilitating theirescape are liable to disciplinary punishment onlyprovided that such offenses do not entail any vio-lence against life or limb. In like manner, prisonersof war who aid or abet an escape are liable to dis-ciplinary punishment only provided that the offensescommitted in the giving of such assistance do notentail any violence against life or limb.

e. Prisoners of war undergoing confinement as adisciplinary punishment are permitted certain privi-leges, such as daily exercise in the open air, medicalattention, and permission to read and write. Par-

AGO 1385C 15

cels and remittances of money, however, may be with-held from them until the completion of the pun-ishment.

14. JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS

In addition to disciplinary sanctions, judicial pro-ceedings may be instituted against prisoners of war,but prisoners of war shall not be subjected to moresevere treatment than that applied in respect of thesame punishment to members of the Armed Forcesof the United States of equivalent rank.

a. No prisoner of war may be tried or sentencedfor an act which is not forbidden by United Stateslaw or by international law, in force at the time ofthe commission of the act. This provision is not abar to trial by a military tribunal under military lawfor the violation of laws or regulations, providedsuch violation would, be punishable if committedby a member of the forces of the United States. Aprisoner of war must be granted an opportunity topresent his defense and to have the assistance of aqualified advocate or counsel of his own choice ifreasonably available.

b. If judicial proceedings are to be institutedagainst a prisoner of war, the United States mustnotify the protecting power within the period oftime stipulated in the Convention.

c. Definite provisions and restrictions surround thepronouncing of the death sentence upon a prisonerof war, such as the period of time that must elapsebetween the pronouncement and the execution of thesentence in order to provide for adequate notificationto the protecting power.

16 AGO 1385C

d. Every prisoner of war has the same right ofappeal or petition from any sentence pronouncedupon him as the members of the Armed Forces ofthe United States.

e. For a complete discussion of the penal and dis-ciplinary sanctions applicable to prisoners of war,see articles 82-108 of the Geneva C6onvention rela-tive to the Treatment of Prisoners of War.

Section IV. INTERROGATION

15. GENERAL

a. The systematic and methodical interrogationof prisoners of war is one of the most productivesources of intelligence. The system of intelligenceinterrogation parallels that of evacuation. Interro-gation takes precedence over rapid evacuation, exceptin forward areas where the prompt removal of pris-oners of war from dangerous areas is prescribed bythe Geneva Convention. Military police must un-derstand the principles of interrogation in order toavoid the improper handling of prisoners of war andthe consequent reduction of their value as a sourceof enemy information (see fig. 1.).

b. The interrogation of prisoners of war is a func-tion of the intelligence officer who is assisted by pris-oner-of-war interrogation teams and in someinstances, by psychological warfare officers. The in-terrogation of prisoners of war by military police isrestricted to that interrogation which is necessaryfor the administration, movement, control, and proc-essing of prisoners.

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Figure 1. Evaouation and interrogation of prisoners of war.

c. Every prisoner of war, when questioned on thesubject, must give his surname, first names and rank,date of birth, and service number, or failing this,equivalent information. The term service number

18 AGO 1385C

as used in this manual refers to his army, regimental,or personal number as assigned by the Power whichhe serves. Service number is not to be confused withinternment serial number. Service number refers tothe combination of numbers, or letters and numbers,assigned to each individual by the military service ofthe country he serves as a means of positive personalidentification. The internment serial number refersto the number assigned by the military police pris-oner-of-war processing company to each prisoner ofwar.

d. If, because of his physical or mental condition,a prisoner is unable to identify himself, he shall beturned over to the medical service.

e. If the prisoner of war wilfully infringes the ruleof giving the necessary information, he may renderhimself liable to a restriction of the privileges ac-corded to his rank or status.

f. For a detailed discussion of the interrogation ofthe prisoners of war, see FM 30-5 and FM 30-15.

16. PRINCIPLES

a. Search. An early and systematic search ofprisoners of war is necessary in order that documentsor possessions of intelligence value may be obtainedbefore they can be destroyed.

b. Speed of Evacuation. Prisoners of war must beevacuated as quickly as possible to permit an earlyinterrogation.

c. Segregation. Early segregation must be ef-fected to separate individuals who may have a con-trolling influence over other prisoners. Prisoners

AGO 1385C 200476'-52-4 1.9

of war, when properly segregated, can be more ef-fectively interrogated (par. 22).

d. Method of Handling. High standards of disci-pline are required not only of prisoners of war butalso of capturing troops. Prisoners respond betterwhen they are required to adhere to standards ofdiscipline which are a~t least as high as those to whichthey are accustomed. Fraternization, mistreatment,or abuse by capturing troops makes the task of theinterrogators more difficult. Generally, troops neverfurnish comfort items to prisoners prior to their firstinterrogation; interrogators can do much towardgaining the confidence of prisoners if they are thefirst to offer these items. However, if interrogationis delayed beyond a reasonable period, prisoners maynot be denied food and potable water as well asnecessary clothing and medical attention.

e. Skill in Interrogation. Interrogation should beconducted only by personnel trained for this purpose.

17. PHASES OF INTERROGATION

The interrogation may be conducted in two phases.(See fig. 1.)

a. During the first phase, the purpose of interro-gation is to develop information of immediate tacti-cal importance. This interrogation usually takesplace at a forward headquarters immediately uponcapture or as soon thereafter as possible.

b. During the second phase, the purpose of interro-gation is to develop further the order of battle and toobtain strategic or general military or economic in-formation of value to the higher echelons of com-mand. Also during this phase, prisoners may be in-

20 ,oo 1385C

terrogated by specially trained psychological warfareofficers, for the purpose of developing intelligence ofspecial value in preparation of propaganda. Thisinterrogation usually takes place at an army prisoner-of-war cage, at a prisoner-of-war camp, or as directedby the theater commander.

AGO 1S85C 21

CHAPTER 2

COMBAT ZONE

Section 1. CAPTURE

18. GENERAL

a. The individual or unit capturing prisoners ofwar disarms and searches them immediately for con-cealed weapons and documents, unless the number ofprisoners captured, enemy action, or other circum-stances make search impracticable. If immediatesearch is not feasible, it is made as soon as possible.

b. Prisoners of war are evacuated from the com-pany to the battalion, regimental, or equivalentprisoner-of-war collecting point and from there tothe division collecting point. (See fig. 2.) Evacua-tion from the division collecting point to the Armycage is normally the responsibility of Army. (Seepar. 33 and fig. 2.) Prisoner-of-war collectingpoints are designated localities in the area of a frontline combat division for the assemblage of prisonerspending local examination for information of im-mediate tactical value and subsequent evacuation.Prisoners of war normally receive their first interro-gation by trained members of an InterrogationPrisoner-of-War (IPW) team at collecting points.

c. Each of the Services, Army, Navy, and AirForce, is responsible for prisoners of war captured

22 AGO 1385C

by its forces until such time as they are delivered todesignated Army receiving points.

19. SEARCH

a. When interrogation teams are employed withunits, from battalion up, which are in contact withthe enemy, the detailed search of prisoners of waris conducted under the supervision of team personnel.

b. When no interrogation team personnel are at-tached, the regimental or battalion intelligence of-ficer supervises the search. Documents and articlesrequired for intelligence purposes are removed fromprisoners of war, and are marked so that they may beidentified with the prisoners upon whom they werefound. To insure the availability of these docu-ments and articles to interrogators at higher echelonsof command, they are turned over, with the prisonersof war on whom they were found, to the prisonerescort.

e. Until such time as prisoners of war can besearched by qualified personnel, capturing troops andguards must be alert to prevent the destruction ofdocuments.

20. DOCUMENTS

An enemy document is any written, printed, en-graved, or photographic matter which may containinformation relative to hostile armies or countries.Enemy documents are both of a personal nature,such as letters, pay cards, diaries, and pictures foundon prisoners of war or enemy dead, and of an officialnature, such as maps, orders, manuals, records, of-ficial photographs, and sketches (FM 30-15).

AGO 135C 23

21. PERSONAL EFFECTS

a. The officer in direct charge of prisoners of warinsures that money, valuables, and personal effectson the persons or in the immediate possession ofprisoners are safeguarded. Money may not betaken from prisoners of war except on the order ofan officer. Itemized receipts must be given, legiblyinscribed with the name, rank, and unit of the personissuing the said receipt. Personal effects will not betaken as souvenirs or loot.

b. Property in the possession of prisoners of warusually belong in one of the following classes:

(1) Personal effects that prisoners of war areallowed to retain, including metal helmetsand gas masks and like articles issued forpersonal protection, effects and articles usedfor clothing or feeding, identification tagsor cards, badges of rank and nationality,and decorations and articles having a per-sonal or sentimental value. Personal iden-tification cards should not be removed ifthey are of the type called for by theGeneva Convention of 1949. Such cardsnormally measure approximately 6.5 x 10cm, and should show the prisoner's name,rank, serial number, and date of birthplus any other information which the issu-ing power wishes to include. If the pris-soner does not possess such a card, one willbe prepared and issued to him. At no timeshould the prisoner be without a basic iden-tity document.

24 AGO 1385C

(2) Personal effects that may be taken fromprisoners of war temporarily for intelli-gence purposes, but that are to be returnedas soon as practicable, such as personalregistration cards, organizational member-ship cards, passports, letters of introduction,passes, ration books, political party cre-dentials, photographs, diaries, and otherpersonal documents of military value.Personal effects in this category are re-moved as items of military value and re-ceipts are given to the prisoners.

(3) Personal effects that prisoners, of war arenot permitted to retain for reasons of secur-ity. Articles of value may be taken fromprisoners of war only for reasons of security.When such articles are withdrawn fromprisoners, the procedure laid down for sumsof money impounded applies. The pris-oners are given itemized receipts, and theparticulars are recorded in a special prop-erty register. The articles are placed insafekeeping and returned in their initialshape to the prisoners at the end of theircaptivity.

(4) Articles that prisoners of war are not per-mitted to retain at any time and which areconfiscated. These articles include militarydocuments and military equipment, such asarms and vehicles or animals used for trans-portation. Confiscated articles are turnedover to G2 in the case of items of intelligencevalue, or to the appropriate technical serv-

'AGO 1385C 25

ice for action and coordination with G2 ifnecessary.

22. SEGREGATION

a. Nonwounded and Walking Wounded Prisoners.As soon as possible, enemy officers, noncommissionedofficers, privates, deserters, civilians, and women aresegregated, and are delivered to the division orequivalent collecting point. Further segregation ismade according to nationality. Segregation is main-tained throughout evacuation to rear areas.

b. Litter Cases. Nonwalking wounded prisonersof war are searched,, taken to the nearest aid stationfor treatment, and evacuated through medical chan-nels. It is the responsibility of the medical officerto bring such prisoners to the attention of intelligencepersonnel for interrogation and to request the neces-sary guards. When practicable, and when such dutyof itself will not expose them to danger, nonwoundedand slightly wounded enemy prisoners are used aslitter bearers for enemy and United States severelywounded personnel; United States slightly woundedmilitary personnel may be used for prisoner-of-warescorts or guards when feasible. Whenever possible,the segregation of wounded prisoners is maintainedas for other prisoners of war. (See Fig. 1.)

23. MOVEMENT TO DIVISION COLLECTING POINT

a. The prompt movement of prisoners of war tothe division or equivalent collecting point is impor-tant. While in forward areas not only may prisonersbecome casualties as the result of enemy fire witha resultant decrease in their potential value for in-

26 aGO 1385C

telligence purposes, but the problem of handlingthem is more difficult than in rear areas. Further-more, the Geneva Convention prescribes that pris-oners of war shall be evacuated, as soon as possibleafter their capture, far enough from the combat zonefor them to be out of danger.

b. Evacuation may be accomplished by foot, bywater, or by the use of empty ammunition or supplyvehicles or other suitable conveyances. The guardsmay be elements of the combat forces or any othertroops at the disposal of the military commander.

o. Routes of evacuation for prisoners of war to thedivision collecting point are usually the same as theroutes of evacuation for the wounded.

24. ESCORTS

a. The officer or noncommissioned officer transfer-ring custody of prisoners of war to the commanderof the prisoner-of-war escort provides the latter witha memorandum stating the time, place, and circum-stances of the capture, and the designation of theunit making the capture. At the division collectingpoint, the commander of the prisoner-of-war escortreceives from division military police a receipt show-ing the number of prisoners turned over and thenumber of documents delivered with them.

b. Whenever possible, troops from reserve unitsare detailed to escort prisoners of war to the divi-sion or equivalent collecting point. Troops detailedas escorts-

(1) Prevent escapes.(2) Maintain segregation at all times. (See

par. 22.)

AGO 1385C 200476-52 -5 27

(3) Prevent prisoners from discarding or de-stroying any insignia or documents nottaken, or overlooked by the capturing unit,to include collection by rear guards of anydocuments dropped by prisoners.

(4) Prevent anyone, other than authorized in-terrogators, from talking to prisoners.

(5) Prevent anyone from giving prisonersfood, drink, or cigarettes prior to interroga-tion in so far as such act does not violateany requirement concerning the treatmentof prisoners of war.

(6) Enforce silence among prisoners at alltimes.

(7) Deliver prisoners to the division or equiva-lent collecting point as soon as possible.

Section II. COLLECTION

25. GENERAL

Prisoners of war are assembled at collecting pointsto-

a. Relieve the capturing units quickly.b. Be held until they can be evacuated to the rear

by higher headquarters.c. Conserve guard personnel.d. Expedite evacuation of prisoners of war to the

rear.

26. INFANTRY DIVISION

a. One division collecting point is normally estab-lished for each division.

b. The infantry division prisoner-of-war collect-ing point is usually located in the vicinity of the

28 AGO 1385C

division command post. It should be accessible byroad to trucks and ambulances from the rear andthe front, near water, protected as much as possibleagainst enemy observation and fire, and far enoughto the rear to avoid involvement in minor fluctuationsof the front line. If a regular cage is not available,a partially fenced-in area, inclosed courtyard, orsimilar place that facilitates the maximum securityof prisoners with a minimum of guards should bechosen, if possible. In the absence of a regular cage,the limits of the collecting point are stipulated, andthe prisoners of war are required to remain withinthe area defined.

c. At the division collecting point, division mili-tary police relieve the escort troops of the re-sponsibility for guarding prisoners of war. Theprisoners are counted and a detailed search of theprisoners is conducted under the supervision of in-telligence personnel. Segregation is maintained.Documents and selected personnel are also examined.All documents and other personal effects of intelli-gence value are marked so that they may be identi-fied with the prisoners on whom they were found,and are placed in envelopes for transmission to theproper intelligence agency.

d. Prisoners of war are normally issued rationsand water at the division collecting point and aid isgiven to the wounded and sick. Retained personnel,including medical personnel and chaplains assist incaring for prisoners of war to the fullest extent pos-sible (par. 7).

e. At the division level prisoners are normally is-sued prisoner-of-war tags. The information that is

AGO 1385C 29

recorded on the tag is limited to the date and place(or sector) of capture and the designation of theunit making the capture. Prisoners of war arewarned not to mutilate, destroy, or lose their tags.

f. Few reports regarding prisoners of war are re-quired at the division level other than the listing ofthe number of prisoners in each group. If practica-ble, rosters of prisoners of war, listing name, grade,service number, date and place of capture, unit mak-ing capture, and disposition of prisoner, are for-warded to the division headquarters from thedivision collecting point.

27. AIRBORNE DIVISION

a. In an airborne operation, the manner of collect-ing and evacuating prisoners of war is dependentupon such factors as the following: geographical lo-cation of the airhead, tactical plan, availability oftransportation, and plans for link-up with groundor other forces.

b. Because of the nature of an airborne operation,the guarding and evacuating of prisoners of warare initially the responsibility of the regimentalcombat teams. However, it may not be feasible toestablish regimental collecting points during theearly stages of the operation. As soon as sufficientcontrol is established, prisoners of war are evacu-ated from lower echelons to higher echelons.

c. At an airhead, prisoners of war are held at themost suitable location until evacuation can be accom-plished. Prisoners of war are evacuated by air orare held until a link-up is made with friendly forces.If the prisoners are to be evacuated by air, the col-

30 AGO 1385C

lecting point is situated in the most suitable location,close to the landing field. The military police com-pany of the airborne division performs all normalfunctions in connection with the handling of pris-oners of war.

d. If the airborne division makes a penetrationdeep into hostile territory, and if a link-up withother forces is delayed and an evacuation of prison-ers of war is not possible, it may be necessary to re-tain the prisoners within the airhead. The collect-ing point operation may then parallel the operationof a prisoner-of-war cage in the guarding and caringfor prisoners of war.

28. ARMORED DIVISION

a. Because of its inherent characteristics, such asmobility, fire power, and communications, an ar-mored division may penetrate deeply and quicklyinto hostile territory. In an armored penetration,prisoners of war may be disarmed and evacuated tothe rear by vehicle or on foot, or they may be retainedand guarded in the area of capture while the divi-sion continues toward its objective. If prisoners ofwar are left under guard, they are held until infan-try units reach the area and take over the controland handling of the prisoners, including taggingand evacuating to a collecting point.

b. Prisoner-of-war collecting points may be es-tablished in the rear of each combat command thathas been assigned an independent objective. Theseprisoner-of-war collecting points are located onpreviously announced axes of evacuation. Whencombat commands operate in close conjunction, one

AGO 1385C 31

or more collecting points may be established to servethe combat commands jointly.

G. In a static situation, or in an infantry-type op-eration, the establishment and operation of an ar-mored division collecting point will resemble thatof an infantry division collecting point.

d. In a rapid pursuit, particularly when the en-emy is demoralized and is surrendering in vast num-bers, the above methods of handling prisoners ofwar may prove inadequate. In such extraordinarycircumstances it may be practicable and necessaryto disarm prisoners and order them to march to therear without guards or to disarm them and orderthem to remain in place without guards.

29. OTHER UNITS

The principles and procedures that are outlinedabove for the collection of prisoners of war and theoperation of division collecting points are generallyapplicable to similar operations by comparable unitsand higher echelons.

30. ARCTIC AND DESERT OPERATIONS

Climate and terrain impose certain restrictionsupon the establishment and functioning of collect-ing points.

a. Arctic Areas. In arctic areas, low temperaturesmay not permit prisoners of war to be searched inthe open. Hence, to facilitate the search for weap-ons and documents that may be concealed in bulkyclothing, heated shelters are provided for the exami-nation of prisoners before they are escorted to col-lecting points. Collecting points for prisoners of

32 AGO 1385C

war in arctic areas are temporary cages that provideshelter, and are located at or near airheads. As carefor prisoners of war during the severe arctic winteris difficult, evacuation from forward areas is accom-plished rapidly and is delayed only for intelligencerequirements. Normally prisoners of war are evacu-ated as quickly as possible from the arctic.

b. Desert Areas. In order to have access to waterand supplies, collecting points in desert areas arelocated near troop concentration areas. Limitedtransportation facilities may delay the evacuationof prisoners of war to rear areas and necessitate re-taining the prisoners for some time. If the prison-ers cannot be evacuated to the rear quickly, furtherprocessing than would ordinarily be accomplishedat the division level will be required.

Section ill. EVACUATION

31. GENERAL

Prisoners of war are evacuated, as soon as possibleafter their capture, to camps situated in an areafar enough from the combat zone for them to be outof danger, except those prisoners of war who, owingto wounds or sickness, would be exposed to greaterrisk by being evacuated than by being temporarilykept where they are. (See fig. 2.) Prisoners ofwar are not to be unnecessarily exposed to dangerwhile awaiting evacuation from a combat zone, andthe evacuation is to be effected humanely. Duringevacuation, prisoners of war are supplied with suf-ficient food, water, and necessary clothing and medi-cal attention. If prisoners of war must, during

AGO 1385C 33

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evacuation, pass through transit camps (prisoner-of-war cages or processing stations), their stay in suchcamps must be as brief as possible.

32. EVACUATION PRINCIPLES

The general principles for the evacuation of pris-oners of war include the following:

a. The provisions of the Geneva Convention areto be observed in spirit and letter.

b. The evacuation of prisoners of war is not to in-terfere with the circulation, movement, or tacticalemployment of United States troops.

c. Segregation is to be maintained throughout theevacuation process.

d. Property rights of prisoners of war are to befully respected.

e. Wounded prisoners of war are to be evacuatedthrough medical channels.

33. EVACUATION RESPONSIBILITY

The evacuation of prisoners of war from the divi-sion collecting point to the rear is normally the re-sponsibility of the next higher echelon in the chainof evacuation. In normal situations, army is chargedwith the evacuation of prisoners of war from thedivision collecting point. However, some situationsmay require that prisoners of war be evacuated inwhole or in part through a corps prisoner-of-warcage. (See pars. 37 and 38, and fig. 2.)

AGO 1385C 200476°-52 6 35

34. EVACUATION PROCEDURES

The following procedures are observed in evacu-ating prisoners of war:

a. Maximum use is made of returning supply ve-hicles for evacuation.

b. Escorts for prisoners of war who are to betransported via road, air, rail, or water are so or-ganized as to provide adequate security at all times.

c. When prisoners of war are to be evacuated byvehicle, the loading is supervised, and load limitsare prescribed to prevent accidents because of over-loading. Although the ideal loading formula isten men per truck ton, the exigencies of the situationmay require a load increase in the number of prison-ers; however, in no event are trucks to be overloaded.An armed guard may be placed in the cab of eachvehicle to guard the prisoners of war in the preced-ing vehicle. Motor patrols armed with automaticweapons may reinforce the guard detail in very largeconvoys.

d. When prisoners of war are evacuated by rail, aminimum number of guards should be used.

e. When prisoners of war are evacuated on foot,close column formations are used, and guards marchat the head and rear, and on both flanks, of the col-umns. The number of guards required to escortprisoners of war on a march varies with the moraleand physical condition of the prisoners, the possi-bility of an enemy attack, the number of prisonersto be escorted, and the distances to be traversed.When a prisoner-of-war column is attacked, pris-oners are instructed to lie down and to remainimmobile.

36 AGO 1385C

f. Rests and stops are preferably made during day-light, outside villages or installations.

g. Liaison should be maintained with the nexthigher headquarters to inform it of anticipatedchanges in the location of collecting points and inthe number of prisoners of war in each classifica-tion to be delivered to that headquarters.

h. The issue of sufficient rations and water is theresponsibility of the echelon having custody of pris-oners of war. Account should be taken of the habit-ual diet of the prisoners. To the greatest extentpossible, captured enemy rations and other enemysupplies and material are used for prisoners of war.

i. Normally, no comfort items, such as cigarettes,are issued to prisoners of war until the intelligenceofficer so signifies.

j. Prisoners of high rank and other prisoners ofspecial interest, including well-informed enemy sol-diers and high civil functionaries accompanying thearmed forces are evacuated according to theaterdirectives.

k. Only the minimum conversation necessary toissue orders and to maintain discipline is permittedbetween guards and prisoners of war. Orders toprisoners are given in a language they understand.Prisoners may be used as interpreters, if necessary.Conversation among prisoners is forbidden.

1. Punishment for the violation of a rule, regula-tion, or order by a prisoner of war during an evacu-ation is not administered by the escort guards.Measures are taken, however, to prevent the recur-rence of the infringement.

AGO 1385C 37

35. AMPHIBIOUS OPERATIONS

An early evacuation of prisoners of war by watermay be necessary during the initial phases of anamphibious operation. Prior to the establishmentof division control ashore, prisoners of war are nor-mally evacuated by the various landing or combatteams to their respective collecting points, under con-trol of the amphibious support brigade. The prison-ers may either be held at the beach until interrogatorsfrom the higher echelons come ashore, or evacuatedto ships designated for interrogation. In this typeof operation, the handling of prisoners of war maycover three phases:

a. Initial Phase. Immediate evacuation by water,and no processing on the beachhead.

b. Intermediate Phase. While awaiting trans-portation for evacuation, initial processing on thebeachhead by military police attached to the am-phibious units.

c. Final Phase. Minimum evacuation, completionof processing, and employment of prisoners onauthorized labor projects by the amphibious andfollow-up forces.

36. AIRBORNE OPERATIONS

Prisoners of war are normally evacuated by airduring the early stages of an airborne operation. Atleast two guards are required for each plane loadof prisoners of war. Plans should provide for theattachment of personnel from communications zonemilitary police units to the airborne force to guardthe prisoners during evacuation (par. 27).

3s AGO 1385C

37. CORPS

Prisoners of war are normally not evacuatedthrough corps; they are usually evacuated directlyfrom division collecting points to army prisoner-of-war cages. However, if a corps is operating inde-pendently, or if the situation requires evacuationthrough corps, or if it is necessary for corps to inter-rogate certain prisoners of war, such prisoners areevacuated from division to a corps prisoner-of-warcage by corps military police. Where a corps isoperating independently, the processing and han-dling of prisoners of war at the corps prisoner-of-war cage will closely parallel the processing andhandling at the army prisoner-of-war cage.

38. ARMY

a. Prisoner-of-war cages are established in armyareas for the temporary detention and interrogationof prisoners of war pending further evacuation.Shelter, usually of a temporary nature, is providedat prisoner-of-war cages. Existing facilities areused whenever possible. Dependent upon the dis-tance from the army and corps cages to the com-munications zone and the method of evacuation, itmay be necessary to establish cages along the line ofmarch for food, rest, and overnight stops (fig. 3).

b. Prisoners of war are counted and receipted forimmediately upon arrival at the army cage. A re-ceipt for the prisoners and any accompanying cap-tured documents is given to the commander of theguard.

o. At the army cage, a thorough search is made ofprisoners of war for any previously undiscovered

AGO 1385C 39

documents of intelligence value, or any other un-authorized possessions.

d. Sanitary measures are taken to prevent the con-traction or the spread of diseases. The sanitarymeasures include bathing, delousing, and the disin-festation of clothing. Prisoners of war suspected ofhaving communicable diseases are isolated and placedunder medical observation.

e. If necessary, clothing is issued to prisoners ofwar. (See par. 47.)

/. Food is provided prisoners of war, but the prep-aration of such food, if required, is accomplished bythe prisoners.

g. Within one week after arrival at a camp orcage, even if it is a transit camp or cage, prisonersare to be permitted to notify the Central Prisoner ofWar Information Agency and their families of theircapture if they have not been enabled to do so priorto arrival (par. 51).

h. Interrogation at army prisoner-of-war cagesis selective; that is, only certain prisoners areinterrogated.

i. When the evacuation of prisoners of war is de-layed, such as during an island operation, the prison-ers may be retained within the army cage for sometime. When there is such a delay, as complete aprocessing as possible is accomplished and prisonersof war may be used for labor not prohibited by theGeneva Convention within the army area.

j. Prisoners of war are guarded at cages and dur-ing transfer to and between cages by military policeguard companies, when available, or by other troops.

40 AGO 1385C

39. EVACUATION TO COMMUNICATIONS ZONE

Prisoners of war are evacuated from the combatzone to the communications zone as quickly as pos-sible. Military police from the communications zonenormally escort the prisoners from the army cages.The number of guards required for escorting prison-ers of war from army cages to communications zonecages or camps is variable, but usually is dependentupon the number of prisoners to be evacuated, themeans of evacuation, and the morale or attitude ofthe prisoners; i. e., resigned or belligerent.

40. FORWARD DISPLACEMENT OF ARMY REARBOUNDARY

As the army rear boundary is displaced forward,prisoner-of-war cages may either be taken over inplace by military police of the advance section of thecommunications zone and the operation of the cagescontinued, or the cages may be closed and the prison-ers of war evacuated to the rear through normalchannels prior to such displacement. The decisionto continue to operate or to close prisoner-of-warcages in the newly acquired communications zone isbased upon such factors as the tactical situation,plans of higher headquarters, prisoner-of-war esti-mates, plans for utilization of prisoner-of-war labor,suitability of cages for internment of prisoners ofwar for long periods, and the availability of pris-oner-of-war cages in the advance section area.

AGO 1885C 41

CHAPTER 3

PRISONERS OF WAR IN THE COMMUNICA-TIONS ZONE

Section I. INTERNMENT FACILITIES

41. CAGES AND PROCESSING STATIONS

a. Prisoner-of-war cages may be established in thecommunications zone under unusual circumstancesfor the interrogation and temporary detention ofprisoners of war pending their further evacuationfrom the communications zone. Dependent uponthe plan for evacuating prisoners of war from thecommunications zone, cages may be established ineach separate port area.

b. Prisoner-of-war processing stations may also beestablished for the processing and temporary deten-tion of prisoners of war pending their assignment tocages for evacuation from the communications zoneor to permanent communications zone prisoner-of-war camps. Processing is accomplished as describedin paragraph 45 by military police prisoner-of-warprocessing companies (fig. 3.).

c. At cages, arrangements are made for the com-plete segregation of prisoners of war according totheir classification.

42 AGO 1385C

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42. PRISONER-OF-WAR CAGE REPRESENTATIVE

To insure smoothness of operation, the receivingcommunications zone cage may assign a representa-tive to the army cage from which prisoners of war

AGO 1385C 43

are normally received. The duties of the prisoner-of-war cage representative normally include-

a. Procuring estimates at least 24 hours in advance,if possible, of the prisoners of war in each categorywho are to be transferred to the communications zonecage.

b. Requesting designated agencies to furnish trans-portation, and specifying the trucks or railroad carsrequired, and the time, the place, and the destination.

c. Notifying the receiving cage of the guardsneeded and the categories and numbers of prisonersof war to be shipped.

d. Arranging for rations en route, if required.e. Assisting in segregating prisoners of war, if

segregation has not already been accomplished, andpreparing rosters for the next movement.

f. Receiving and checking prisoners of war andprisoner-of-war property.

g. Assisting in organizing prisoners of war intotruck or railroad car loads, and supervising theloading.

h. Delivering rosters to the senior member of theescort.

i. Notifying the receiving cage of the expectedtime of arrival.

43. PRISONER-OF-WAR CAMPS

a. Prisoner-of-war camps are installations of asemipermanent nature that are established in thecommunications zone or the zone of interior for theinternment and complete administration of prisonersof war. The camps may be located on, or may beindependent of, other military installations. The

44 AGO 1385C

camps are designed to provide security and living ar-rangements as required by the Geneva Conventionand military needs. Whenever military considera-tions permit, prisoner-of-war camps are marked dis-tinctly so as to be readily identifiable from the air(figs. 4, 5, and 6).

b. Prisoner-of-war branch camps are camps thatare established on a semipermanent or temporarybasis in order to fill a definite work need. The ad-ministration of prisoners in these camps is under thesupervision of the prison-of-war camp of which it isa branch.

c. Quarters in a prisoner-of-war camp must beprovided under conditions as favorable as those pro-vided for United States troops billeted in the samearea. The area of each camp must be sufficient toprovide space for buildings necessary for the housingof prisoners, and for administration, indoor and out-door recreation, medical care, religious worship, mess-ing, canteen, showers, latrines, and other prescribedpurposes. Prison-of-war camps are usually dividedinto compounds by fencing.

d. In any camp in which women prisoners of war,as well as men, are accommodated, separate dormi-tories and conveniences must be provided.

e. Prisoners of war are interned in camps accord-ing to their nationality, language, and customs, pro-vided that the prisoners are not separated fromprisoners of war of the armed forces with which theywere serving at the time of their capture, exceptwith their consent.

f. For a typical headquarters and headquarterscompany organization designed to administer a

AGO 1385C 45

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AGO 1385C 47

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48 AGO 1385C

30,000 man prisoner-of-war camp, see figure 7. Thistype organization is intended for use as a guide onlyand may be modified to meet the existing situationsand conditions. It must be supplemented by at-tachment of the required number of such supportingguard and service units as are necessary for campmaintenance and security and to provide proper care,treatment, and administration for the prisoners ofwar.

Section II. ADMINISTRATIVE CONSIDERATIONS

44. GENERAL

The policies and procedures that govern the ad-ministration of prisoners of war in the communica-tions zone are also applicable in other areas whereprisoners of war may be interned for extensive pe-riods in camps or other installations.

45. ADMINISTRATIVE POLICIES

a. Principles. The following general principlesare applicable to the operation, personnel adminis-tration, and supply of prisoner-of-war camps:

(1) As far as possible, prisoners of war furnishtheir own administrative personnel.

(2) Extensive use is made of captured enemysupplies and equipment.

(3) Commandants of the camps are vested withthe authority to impose summary punish-ment. Disciplinary action is administeredin accordance with the provisions of theGeneva Convention (par. 13).

AGO 1385C 49

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b. Cotmmnand Responsibilities. Every prisoner-of-war camp is placed under the command of a com-missioned officer of the armed forces. A copy of theGeneva Convention and its annexes and specialagreements must be posted in every camp in the lan-guage of the prisoners of war. Copies must be sup-plied, upon request, to those prisoners who cannothave access to the posted copy. All regulations,orders, and notices must be issued or addressed in alanguage which is understood by the prisoners.

c. Records and Reports. Personnel reports andrecords at prisoner-of-war camps and other prisoner-of-war installations include reports and recordsrequired for pay, clothing, equipment, hospitaliza-tion, transfers, punishment, and similar matters.

d. The initial processing that is accomplishedupon arrival at the communications zone prisoner-of-war processing station or camp will include allappropriate steps set forth in paragraph 38. Afterthis preliminary processing has been completed, ad-ministrative processing will be accomplished as soonas possible.

(1) In processing prisoners of war, an intern-ment serial number is assigned to each pris-oner for the purposes of identification,classification, and reporting. The intern-ment serial number of a prisoner of warconsists of several components separatedby dashes. The various components indi-cate the command in which the prisonerwas captured, the name of the enemy coun-try whose armed forces the prisoner served,and the order in which the prisoner was

AGO 1385C 51

processed. Internment serial numbers areassigned consecutively to prisoners of warcaptured by United States forces in eachcommand, irrespective of the country theprisoners served. The commanding generalof the appropriate command, at his discre-tion, may assign blocks of numbers to sub-commands or stations within his command.For example, internment serial numbers 1through 2,000 may be assigned to one sub-command, and numbers 2,001 through 4,500to another subcommand (par. 15). Careshould be taken that all personal effects ofprisoners of war are marked with theirnames and internment numbers, and re-corded in the special property register (par.72), so that the effects may be returned tothem upon repatriation. The prisoner-of-war personnel record for each prisoner iscompleted in duplicate by the military po-lice prisoner-of-war processing company(par. 76).

(2) In processing, the completed record willcontain the name of the prisoner of war;his internment serial number, photograph,and fingerprints; an inventory of his per-sonal effects; other personal data; and theprisoner's signature. One copy of the rec-ord is forwarded to the Branch Prisoner-of-War Information Bureau; one copy ofthe record always goes forward with theprisoner of war. Prisoners of war whohave been captured by other United States

52 AGO 1385C

Armed Forces or by allied forces and havebeen transferred to the custody of theUnited States Army are permitted to re-tain their previously assigned internmentserial numbers. If they have not previouslybeen processed, such prisoners are processedin the same manner as prisoners of warwho have been captured by the Army.

(3) Processing companies are assigned to cageson the basis of the number of prisoners ofwar to be processed. A prisoner-of-warprocessing company comprises three pla-toons and is capable of processing fourteenhundred and forty (1,440) prisoners ineight (8) hours (par. 67).

e. After the prisoners have been processed, theyare assigned to a prisoner-of-war camp and are thenfurther assigned to a compound, battalion, and com-pany within the camp. Although the number ofprisoners of war assigned to a camp, compound, bat-talion, or company may vary, the organizationalframework as set forth in figure 8 should be adheredto in each prisoner-of-war camp. Prisoners of warwill be utilized to the fullest extent in the internaladministration of their assigned units.

f. Prisoner-of-War Representatives. At all campswhere there are no officers, prisoners of war freelyelect spokesmen by secret ballot to represent thembefore the military authorities, the Protecting Pow-ers, the International Committee of the Red Cross,and any other organization which may assist them.In camps for officers and persons of equivalent status,or in mixed camps, the senior officer is recognized as

AGO 1385C 53

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the representative. In officer camps, he is assistedby one or more advisers chosen by the officer prison-ers. In mixed camps the assistants are elected by theprisoners who are not officers. Every representativeelected must be approved by the camp commanderbefore he has the right to commence his duties.

46. COURTESIES

In addition to the courtesies required by regula-tions in force in their own armies, prisoners of warare required to render the courtesies prescribed forUnited States personnel.

a. When the national anthem is played, or when"To the Colors," "Escort of the Colors," or "Retreat"is sounded, prisoners of war not in buildings standat attention facing the music or the colors.

b. Enlisted prisoners of war salute all officers ofthe United States Armed Forces. Although of-ficer prisoners of war salute only United Statesofficers of higher rank, they salute the camp com-mander regardless of his rank. Prisoners of warmay salute in the manner prescribed by regulationsin force in their own armies.

c. A prisoner of war in a formation does not saluteunless he is in charge of the formation. A prisonerof war in ranks assumes the position of attentionwhen addressed by an officer.

d. When out of doors, an enlisted prisoner of warupon the approach of an officer comes to attention,faces the officer, and salutes. The same courtesy isrendered by an officer prisoner of war upon the ap-proach of an officer of higher rank. Prisoners atwork do not salute an officer unless addressed by him.

AGO 1385C 55

e. When an officer of higher rank enters a messhall, unless otherwise directed, prisoners of war re-main seated, continue eating, and do not converse.

f. When entering a room where an officer of higherrank is present, a prisoner of war uncovers andstands at attention.

g. Before addressing an officer of higher rank, aprisoner of war salutes. He also salutes upon thetermination of the interview.

h. United States military personnel are not re-quired to salute prisoners of war nor to assume theposition of attention when addressing them. How-ever, officers of the United States Armed Forces re-turn the salutes of prisoners of war.

47. SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT

a. Clothing. Except as circumstances warrant orclimate requires, uniforms or other clothing are notissued as replacements to prisoners of war until theuniforms or clothing in which they were capturedbecome unfit for use. When practicable, uniformsof prisoners of war are renovated by the prisonersfor their own use. Prisoners of war are permittedto wear insignia of rank and decorations. Articlesof uniform of the Armed Forces of the United Statesare not issued to prisoners of war, unless they areso altered that they cannot be mistaken for parts ofsuch uniform. Maximum use is made of indigenousor captured clothing and Class X and nonstandardtype clothing. Whenever the nature of their workrequires, prisoners of war receive appropriateclothing.

56 AGO 1385C

b. Rations. The basic daily food rations for pris-oners of war must be sufficient in quantity, quality.and variety to keep them in good health, and to pre-vent loss of weight or nutritional deficiencies. Thehabitual diet of the various national groups must betaken into consideration. The use of tobacco is per-mitted. Prisoners of war who work must be sup-plied with such additional rations as are necessaryfor the labor on which they are employed.

c. Miscellaneous. Materials for bedding and fuelare issued to prisoners of war as required. Cob-bler's, tailor's, barber's, and other tools and mate-rials necessary for repairing clothing and equipmentor for essential needs are made available in order tohelp prisoner-of-war camps to meet many of theirown requirements. Clothing, equipment, and othersupplies for prisoners of war are issued in accord-ance with the instructions of the Department of theArmy and the theater commander.

d. Canteens. Canteens are established at all pris-oner-of-war camps, where prisoners may procurefoodstuffs, soap, tobacco, and ordinary articles ofdaily use.

48. PERSONAL PROPERTY

a. Personal effects which are taken from a prisonerof war are carefully listed, receipted for, and for-warded with the prisoner. Packages containing per.sonal effects are labeled with the prisoner's name andinternment serial number, and are stored at the campwhere he is interned. These effects are restored tothe prisoner upon repatriation. (See par. 21.)

AGO 1385C 57

b. The personal effects of deceased enemy person.mnel are not sent to the United States. The list ofthe effects is reported to the theater enemy prisoner-of-war information bureau. The effects are storedwithin the theater of operations wherever practi-cable.

49. SANITATION AND, MEDICAL CARE

a. The sanitary measures of prisoner-of-warcamps, so far as possible, approximate the sanitarymeasures required for United States military camps.In prisoner-of-war camps, sanitary measures aretaken to insure the cleanliness and healthfulness ofthe camps and to prevent epidemics: adequate spaceis allocated to prevent overcrowding within housingunits; sufficient latrines, showers, and lavatories areprovided, and are kept sanitary; the rules of goodmess sanitation are observed; waste is disposed of inaccordance with the facilities available, but in sucha manner as to insure the protection of health; andsufficient water is made available for drinking,bathing, laundry, and culinary purposes. Prisonersof war are furnished, by issue or sale, necessary ma-terials, such as soap, razor blades, basins, detergents,and brushes, to insure personal cleanliness and asanitary environment.

b. Adequate medical facilities are provided tosafeguard the health of prisoners of war and pro-vision is made for the isolation of communicablecases, for disinfestation, and for inoculations. Medi-cal inspections of prisoners of war are made at leastonce a month. Retained medical personnel andprisoners of war with medical training are used to the

58 AGO 1385C

fullest extent in caring for their own sick andwounded. If adequate facilities are not availablefor the type of medical care required, prisoners ofwar are to be admitted to military or civilian medicalinstallations where the required treatment can begiven. The costs of medical treatment for prisonersof war are borne by the United States.

c. If prisoners of war are admitted to an Armymedical facility, the commanding officer of the hos-pital is responsible for their security and for ad-ministrative procedures, such as reporting the neces-sity for medical evacuation, deaths, escapes, and dailyor other fixed interval strength data. Additionalguards may be requested by him to provide adequatesecurity.

50. PAY AND ALLOWANCES

a. The Detaining Power may specify the maxi-mum amount of money in cash or in any similar formthat prisoners of war may retain in their possession.Any amounts in excess which are properly in theirpossession and which are taken from them are placedto their separate accounts. United States currencyfound upon prisoners of war, if the prisoners canshow lawful acquisition thereof, is deposited to thecredit of the prisoners. If the prisoners cannot showlawful acquisition thereof, the money is disposed ofaccording to pertinent Army directives. Foreignmoney belonging to prisoners of war is held by theUnited States until the prisoners are repatriated.

b. The Detaining Power must grant all prisonersof war a monthly advance of pay in its own currencyin terms of the Swiss franc. The amount of the ad-

AGO 1385C 59

vance of pay is determined by the military or equiva-lent rank of the prisoner. The amount, however,may be modified by special agreements among theParties to the conflict.

c. Prisoners of war are paid a fair working rate ofpay by the Detaining Power. Prisoners of war orretained personnel who are required to performspiritual or medical duties on behalf of their com-rades are likewise paid working pay. Prisoners ofwar who are permanently detailed to duties or to askilled or semiskilled occupation in connection withthe administration, installation, or maintenance ofcamps also receive working pay. If there is a fundthat is maintained by canteen profits, it is used for thepayment of prisoners' representatives and their ad-visers and assistants.

d. An account is maintained for each prisoner ofwar, showing the credits, debits, and amounts duehim. Every item entered in the account of a pris-oner of war is countersigned or initialed by him orby the prisoners' representative acting on his behalf.When a prisoner is transferred from one camp toanother, his accounts are forwarded with him.When a prisoner is transferred from the control ofthe United States to another power, a certificate forthe amount standing to his credit is also forwardedwith him. It is the responsibility of the power onwhich the prisoner depends to settle with him anycredit balance due to him from the United Statesupon the termination of his captivity.

e. Prisoners of war are permitted to receive remit-tances of money addressed to them individually orcollectively. Prisoners of war may also have pay-

60 AGO 1385C

ments made abroad, subject to financial or monetaryrestrictions deemed necessary by the detaining power.When such payments are addressed to dependents,they are given priority.

51. MAIL AND CENSORSHIP

a. Although a prisoner of war has the right toreceive and send mail, including packages, certainlimitations may be imposed by the detaining power.If a prisoner of war has not filled out the captureand correspondence cards, he is given this opportu-nity not later than one week after arrival at a camp.If limitations are imposed on prisoner-of-war mail,the prisoner is still allowed to send, in addition tocapture and correspondence cards, not less than twoletters and four cards per month. In the event ofa transfer from one camp to another, or of sickness,each prisoner of war is likewise permitted to send acorrespondence card direct to his family and to theCentral Prisoner-of-War Information Agency givinghis name, address, and state of health.

b. All prisoner-of-war correspondence is censored,and all mail addressed to prisoners of war is exam-ined in accordance with the Geneva Convention andDepartment of the Army instructions.

c. All correspondence to and from prisoners ofwar is exempt from postal dues, both in the countriesof origin and destination and in any intermediatecountries.

d. No paper, document, note, or written messagemay be delivered by a prisoner of war, directly to anyperson visiting a camp.

AGO 1385C 61

e. Chaplains who have been retained and prison-ers of war who are ministers of religion are free tocorrespond, subject to censorship, on matters con-cerning their religious duties with the ecclesiasticalauthorities in the country of detention and with in-ternational religious organizations. Letters andcards which they send for this purpose are in addi-tion to any other quotas imposed on prisoner-of-warmail.

f. Mail will be conveyed by the most rapid methodat the disposal of the detaining power and may notbe delayed or retained for disciplinary reasons.

52. RELIEF SHIPMENTS

Prisoners of war are allowed to receive by postor by any other means individual parcels or collectiveshipments containing such items as foodstuffs; cloth-ing; medical supplies; articles of a religious, educa-tional, or recreational character; scientific equip-ment; musical instruments; sports outfits; andmaterials allowing prisoners of war to pursue theirstudies or their cultural activities. All relief ship-ments for prisoners of war are exempt from import,customs, and other duties but are subject to inspec-tion and censorship in accordance with directives ofthe Department of the Army.

53. RELIGIOUS, INTELLECTUAL, AND PHYSICAL AC-TIVITIES

a. Prisoners of war enjoy complete liberty in theexercise of their religion, including attendance at theservices of their faith, provided that they complywith the disciplinary routine prescribed by the mili-

62 ao i8ssc

tary authorities. Retained chaplains are allowed tominister to prisoners of war and to exercise freelytheir ministrations in accordance with their religiousconscience. Retained chaplains are provided withnecessary facilities, including the means of trans-portation, for visiting prisoners of war outside theircamp. They should have the right to deal with thecompetent authorities of the camp on all questionsrelating to their duties. Prisoners of war who areministers of religion, without having officiated aschaplains to their own forces, whatever their de-nomination, are to be free to minister to the membersof their particular denomination; they receive thesame treatment as retained chaplains, and they arenot obligated to do any other work. In the absenceof a retained chaplain or a prisoner-of-war ministerof their faith, prisoners of war may request that aminister, or in his absence, a qualified layman, if feas-ible, belonging to their faith or a similar denomina-tion, be appointed to function in this capacity. Thisappointment, subject to the approval of the Detain-ing Power, is made with the agreement of the prison-ers concerned and, wherever necessary, with the localreligious authorities of the same faith.

b. The camp commander and his staff should en-courage prisoners of war to engage in intellectual,educational, and recreational activities. Adequatepremises, instructional material and recreationalequipment are provided the prisoners for such activi-ties when practicable. Prisoners of war are alsogiven opportunity for taking physical exercise andfor being out of doors. Sufficient open space forsuch activities is provided for this purpose in allcamps.

AGO 1385C 63

54. COMPLAINTS

Prisoners of war have the right to make complaintsto the camp commander regarding their conditions ofcaptivity. They also have the unrestricted right toaddress complaints directly or through their spokes-men to the representatives of the protecting power.Even when recognized as unfounded, complaints maynot be the basis for punishment.

55. OFFICER PRISONERS

Officers and prisoners of equivalent status aretreated with the regard due their rank and age.

a. Privileges. Officer prisoners are accorded cer-tain facilities and privileges commensurate with theirrank. They are provided quarters consistent withtheir rank and are given reasonable opportunities forrecreation and exercise.

b. Orderlies. Officers and prisoners of equivalentstatus are assigned orderlies from other ranks of thesame armed forces, who, as far as possible, speakthe same language as the officers. Orderlies are notrequired to perform any other work. Except inunusual circumstances, no enlisted prisoner of warcapable of performing a full day of productive laboris assigned as an orderly to an officer prisoner ofwar.

56. REPATRIATION OF SICK AND WOUNDED

a. Regardless of their number or rank, seriouslywounded and seriously sick prisoners of war mustbe sent back to their own country after they havebeen medically cared for and are fit to travel, pro-

64 AGO 1385C

vided that arrangements have been made with thecountry concerned to receive them. However, nosick or wounded prisoner of war who is eligible forrepatriation may be repatriated against his will dur-ing hostilities. Throughout the duration of hostili-ties, the countries concerned may make arrangementsfor the accommodation in neutral countries of sickand wounded prisoners of war.

b. All appropriate decisions regarding sick andwounded prisoners of war are to be made by mixedmedical commissions which are to be appointed uponthe outbreak of hostilities. A mixed medical com-mission is to be composed of three members. Twoof the members are to belong to a neutral countryand are to be appointed by the International Com-mittee of the Red Cross. The third member is to beappointed by the detaining power.

57. ESCAPE

In a theater of operations, notification of the escapeof a prisoner of war is sent immediately by the com-manding officer of the prisoner-of-war cage or camp,or by the commander of the escort if the escape ismade while in transit, to all military commands inthe vicinity, to commands in other localities throughwhich the prisoner is likely to travel, and to higherheadquarters. Each notification of escape is accom-panied by the best available description of theescaped prisoner of war and any additional informa-tion which may be useful in effecting his recapture.Notification of all escapes is sent to the Enemy Pris-oner-of-War Information Bureau, and to indigenouscivil law enforcement officers if appropriate, after

AGO 1385C 65

a sufficient period of time has elapsed to make im-mediate recapture appear improbable. Notificationof recapture is promptly forwarded to each agencypreviously notified of the escape.

58. DEATH

a. Prisoners of war who have died in captivity,regardless of the cause or manner of death, are hon-orably buried, if possible according to the rites oftheir religion. Their graves are respected, properlymaintained, and identified with appropriate markers.

b. Death certificates, or lists certified by a respon-sible officer, of all persons who die as prisoners ofwar are forwarded as rapidly as possible to the En-emy Prisoner-of-War Information Bureau. Thedeath certificate or list must identify the individualand state the date and place of death, the cause ofdeath, the date and place of burial, and all datanecessary to identify the grave. When a body iscremated, this fact, together with the reasons forthis procedure, must be stated in the death certificate.

c. The burial or cremation of a prisoner of warmust be preceded by a medical examination of thebody. Bodies may be cremated only for imperativereasons of hygiene, on account of the prisoner's re-ligion, or upon his request for cremation.

d. If the cause of death is unknown, or if a deathor serious injury of a prisoner of war was caused orsuspected to have been caused by a sentry, anotherprisoner of war, or any other person, an official in-quiry should be made and a report of the findingssent to the Office of The Provost Marshal General.

e. Enemy identification media, such as identifica-

66 AGO 1385C

tion tags, are forwarded to the Enemy Prisoner-of-War Information Bureau. Duplicate identificationmedia if any, or copies of originals, remain with thebody.

59. LABOR

a. General. The detaining power may utilize aslaborers prisoners of war who are physically fit.Although prisoners of war are generally employedin the communications zone, they may be employedin rear areas of the combat zone, or in the zone ofinterior within areas of labor specified by the GenevaConvention. The provost marshal of the communi-cations zone reports the number of prisoners of waravailable for labor to the Assistant Chief of Staff,G-1. G-1 allocates available labor to other staff agen-cies based on their requirements. G-4 receives a bulkallocation of prisoner-of-war laborers and reallo-cates to the technical services as may be required.Prisoners of war should be screened occupationallyand for security before assignment.

b. Supervisors. The number of guards requiredfor prisoners of war who are retained in the com-munications zone for labor depends upon the laborproject and the number of prisoners of war utilized.For best results, prisoners of war should be workedunder the immediate supervision of their own non-commissioned officers who, in turn, should be super-vised by officer prisoners of war, if possible. Super-vision of prisoners of war employed at Navy or AirForce installations becomes the responsibility ofthose services upon their acceptance of prisoners forsuch employment.

AGO 1385C 67

c. Restrictions. The Provost Marshal General,acting for the Army, normally designates the typeof labor in which prisoners of war may be employed.Limitations governing prisoner-of-war labor includethe following:

(1) No prisoner of war may be employed atwork for which he is physically unfit. Allprisoners of war are given a physical ex-amination before being assigned to work,and are examined periodically, at least oncea month.

(2) Noncommissioned officers may be requiredto do only supervisory work. Officers andnoncommissioned officers may be permittedto work if they request it.

(3) The duration of the daily labor of a pris-oner of war, including the time of the jour-ney to and from work, must not be exces-sive, and must in no case exceed the time al-lowed for civilian workers employed at thesame work in the same district. A prisonerof war must be allowed definite rest periods,including not less than one hour in themiddle of the day's work; 24 consecutivehours weekly, preferably on Sunday or theday of rest in his country of origin; andeight paid consecutive days, if he hasworked for one year.

(4) In addition to work connected with campadministration, installation, or mainte-nance, prisoners of war may be compelledto do only such work as is included in thefollowing classes: agriculture; domestic

68 AGO 1385C

service; transport and handling of storeswhich are not military in character or pur-pose; commercial business, and arts andcrafts; and industries or public utility serv-ices which have no military character orpurpose. For instance, prisoners of warmay not be compelled to work in metallur-gical, machinery, and chemical industries,but it is permissible to utilize prisoners ofwar in labor which is not military in char-acter or purpose, such as assisting in pre-ventive medicine activities; e. g., clearingand straightening s t r e a m s, drainingswamps, and applying residual-type insecti-cide for controlling insect-borne diseases.

(5) Unless he volunteers, no prisoner of warmay be employed on labor which is of anunhealthy or dangerous nature. The re-moval of mines or similar devices is con-sidered as dangerous labor.

(6) A prisoner of war may not be assigned tolabor which is looked upon as humiliatingfor a member of the Armed Forces of theUnited States.

(7) Suitable working conditions must begranted prisoners of war, particularly inrespect to accommodations, food, clothing,and equipment. Safety precautions andregulations must also be applied.

(8) Retained chaplains and prisoners of warwho are ministers of religion performingsuch duties are not to be compelled to carryout any work other than that concerned withtheir religious duties.

AGO 1385C 69

d. Comnpensation and Labor Detachments. Pris-oners of war are paid a fair working rate. The payat no time may be less than one-fourth of one Swissfranc for a full working day. Working pay is like-wise paid to prisoners of war who are permanentlydetailed to duties or a skilled or semiskilled occupa-tion in connection with the administration, manage-ment, and maintenance of prisoner-of-war camps.

(1) Branch camps are organized and adminis-tered in a manner similar to prisoner-of-warcamps. Labor detachments are adminis-tered by the prisoner-of-war camp. Themilitary authorities and the commander ofthe camp are responsible for the observanceof the provisions of the Geneva Conventionin labor detachments.

(2) Prisohers of war are counted and inspectedbefore going to and upon returning fromwork; if necessary, they are searched.Special counts and searches are made at un-scheduled times.

(3) When prisoners of war are employed onprojects by employers other than the Army,even if the employers are responsible forguarding and protecting them, the prison-ers are treated as provided by the Conven-tion and pertinent Department of the Armyregulations and directives. The Army con-tinues to be responsible for the maintenance,care, treatment, security, and payment ofthe working pay of prisoners of war em-ployed by industry.

70 AGO 1385C

(4) When prisoner of war labor is requested byunits of the Army or by other services forlabor by the day, the requesting unit orservice is responsible, only during the hoursof employment, for the security and properemployment of the prisoners. Adminis-tration remains the responsibility of thecamp commander.

60. INJURED AND DISEASED PRISONERS

A prisoner of war who sustains injury or contractsa disease in the course of or as a consequence of hiswork receives all the care his condition may require.The prisoner of war also receives a medical certificatewhich may enable him to submit a claim to the poweron which he depends. A duplicate copy of the medi-cal certificate is sent to the Central Prisoner-of-WarInformation Agency.

Section III. TRANSFER AND EVACUATION

61. TRANSFER OF PRISONERS OF WAR

a. The transfer of prisoners of war is always ef-fected humanely and under conditions not less favor-able than those under which United States troops aretransported. Sufficient food, potable water, cloth-ing, shelter, and medical attention are provided dur-ing transfer. Adequate precautions are taken toinsure the safety of the prisoners. Sick and woundedprisoners of war are not transferred if their recoverymay be impaired.

b. In the event of transfer, prisoners of war areofficially advised of their departure and their new

AGO 138SC 71

postal address in sufficient time to permit them topack their luggage and to notify their next of kin(par. 51).

c. Prisoners of war are allowed to take with themtheir personal effects, the weight of which may belimited, if circumstances so require, to the amounteach prisoner can reasonably carry, which is not toexceed twenty-five kilograms (approximately 55pounds) per person.

62. EVACUATION BY WATER

a. When prisoners of war are transferred or evac-uated by vessel within a theater of operations, themove is so coordinated that the unit, camp, or en-closure transferring custody and the unit, camp, orenclosure receiving the prisoners have full informa-tion as to the number of prisoners being transferred,and the time of departure and the estimated time ofarrival of the vessel. In addition, arrangements aremade for necessary guard personnel and for trans-portation to and from the port or beach.

b. Alphabetical shipping lists of prisoners of warare made for each transport. The shipping lists in-clude the full name, grade, nationality, service num-ber, and capture date; if the prisoners have beenprocessed, the internment serial number is included.Rosters are completed in sufficient number to providecopies for the officer or senior noncommissioned offi-cer in charge of the guard accompanying the prison-ers, the commanding officer of the receiving prisoner-of-war unit or installation, the provost marshalconcerned, the port authorities, and other appropri-ate officials.

72 AGO 1385C

c. Prisoners of war are assembled in inclosed orotherwise secured areas at the port of embarkation,are divided into groups, and are searched before theyboard ship. Prohibited items are impounded or con-fiscated. After the search, each group is escortedunder guard, to the gangplank according to the orderof embarkation, and is conducted to its assigned areaaboard ship. Wounded and seriously ill prisonersare loaded first, and then officer prisoners and othergroups. Head counts are made upon boarding andat appropriate intervals thereafter. The segrega-tion of prisoners is maintained throughout the as-sembling, the boarding, and the quartering on ship.Each prisoner carries his own clothing and otherpossessions; however, the possessions of the woundedor the ill and of high ranking officers are carriedaboard by special prisoner-of-war details. Whenrequired, prisoners are deloused prior to embarkation.

d. Safety and hygienic conditions aboard shipshould conform to the requirements of the GenevaConvention. Life belts should be provided, and fireand boat drills conducted. Adequate latrine facili-ties as well as sufficient ventilation and air space tomaintain health standards should be made available.Wounded and seriously ill prisoners of war should beseparated and prisoners with communicable diseasesshould be isolated from other prisoners. Adequatemedical facilities, potable water, food, and clothingto maintain health should be provided. In addition,instructions should be given to the prisoners with re-gard to restricted areas, light regulations, smokingprivileges, and other prohibitions or privileges. Ade-quate, confinement facilities should be provided for

AGO 1385C 73

prisoners who violate regulations. Signs should beposted in the languages of the prisoners.

e. Aboard ship, prisoners of war serve as cooks;as food handlers; as kitchen police; and as clean-updetails for decks, latrines, showers, and bunk or sleep-ing areas.

f. If sleeping facilities are inadequate, provisionis made to rotate the prisoners of war, by roster orshift, among the available hammocks, bunks, or pal-lets.

g. If mess facilities are inadequate, it may onlybe possible to provide two meals per day per prisoner,or the prisoners may be divided into several groups,each group eating at a different time.

h. If a prisoner of war dies aboard ship, the com-mander of the escorting unit completes and forwardsthe required certificate or authentication to theEnemy Prisoner-of-War Information Bureau (par.58). If circumstances require the burial of a pris-oner of war at sea, the latitude and longitude of theplace of burial are given in the report.

63. EVACUATION FROM COMMUNICATIONS ZONE

The number of prisoners of war to be evacuatedfrom the communications zone to the zone of interioris governed by such factors as available shipping,theater labor requirements, and facilities in the zoneof interior. Prior to each authorized shipment ofprisoners, The Provost Marshal General, Departmentof the Army, must be informed of the numbers, ranks,and nationalities of prisoners of war being evacuated.

74 AGO 1885C

CHAPTER 4

MILITARY POLICE PRISONER-OF-WAR UNITS

Section I. MILITARY POLICE PRISONER-OF-WARPROCESSING COMPANY

64. ORGANIZATION

The military police prisoner-of-war processingcompany is organized under T/O & E 19-237. Thecompany consists of a company headquarters andthree platoons. The company headquarters providesfor the internal administration and mess of the com-pany. Each platoon is capable of operating inde-pendently, and is composed of a platoon headquartersand five specialized sections, which are designated asthe receiving, processing, photographic, fingerprint,and record sections. Each platoon is capable ofprocessing at least one prisoner of war per minute.

65. MISSION

The mission of the military police prisoner-of-war processing company is to receive, search, andprocess prisoners of war. Processing includes mak-ing and maintaining permanent reports and records,assigning internment serial numbers to all prisoners,and furnishing pertinent information to the EnemyPrisoner-of-War Information Bureau.

AGO 1385C 75

66. ASSIGNMENT

Prisoner-of-war processing companies are as-signed to field armies and the communications zoneas required. Platoons from the company may beattached to task forces.

67. COMPANY OPERATIONS

a. The prisoner-of-war processing company nor-mally operates by platoons. When the company isoperating as a unit, the platoons should be sepa-rated sufficiently to permit efficient operations.

b. The physical arrangement of a platoon forprocessing is determined by the physical layout ofthe building or tent used. In processing, provisionshould be made for the continuous movement ofprisoners of war from one section to another, and forsufficient space between the sections to allow for theefficient functioning of each section. (See fig. 7.)

c. In processing prisoners of war, speed andsmoothness of movement are primary considerations.To prevent monotony and to insure the continuousfunctioning of the platoon in the event of losses,each member of the platoon is trained to handle atleast one additional processing assignment. Changesof personnel between sections are made as neces-sary to insure the continuous processing of the pris-oners. Each unit determines through practice themost economical arrangement of personnel.

d. When the company operates as a complete unit,the continuous processing of prisoners of war may bemaintained over a twenty-four hour period by as-signing an eight hour shift to each platoon. In theevent that the sudden receipt of a large number of

76 AGO 1385C

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AGO 135

prisoners requires more than one platoon to be onduty at the same time, the schedule is revised by thecompany commander,.

e. If the company is assigned interpreters for morethan one language, linguists proficient in the samelanguage are assigned to different platoons. Non-interpreter personnel should know at least thosephrases in the foreign language that will expedite thehandling of the prisoners of war within their section.

68. TREATMENT OF PRISONERS

Processing personnel refrain from touching pris-oners unnecessarily during processing. Prisonersof war are directed by words, signs, and gestures.

69. USE OF SIGNS

Signs, printed in the languages of the prisonersand in English, are used to assist in directing prison-ers of war through processing. Both directionalsigns, guiding them from place to place, and instruc-tional signs, informing them what is expected ofthem, are helpful.

70. CARRYING OF FIREARMS

Firearms are not worn or carried by personnel ofthe military police prisoner-of-war processing com-pany while prisoners of war are being processed.

71. PLATOON OPERATIONS

As the platoon may frequently be separated fromthe company headquarters, the platoon is trained tohandle its own administration. The platoon leaderis responsible for the training and operation of the

78 AGO 1385C

platoon. Prisoners of war may be used to assist theplatoon in the processing procedure. The platoonleader selects from each group of prisoners of warto be processed one or more prisoners senior in gradeor rank who can speak English. The leader explainsto these prisoners the purpose of the processing, andmakes them responsible for the conduct of the groups.As far as practicable, the platoon leader relays or-ders and instructions to the prisoners through theseselected leaders. (See fig. 7.)

72. RECEIVING SECTION

a. Operation. A prisoner of war is handled bythe receiving section in the following manner:

(1) The prisoner of war enters the processingbuilding or tent and is directed to a mem-ber of the receiving section, called the re-ceiver, who asks the prisoner to remove hispersonal possessions and place them on atray. The receiver records the name of theprisoner on the Basic Personnel RecordPrisoner of War--Enemy Alien (DA Form19-2), and assigns him an internment serialnumber. The receiver then directs the pris-oner to the searcher, at the same time mov-ing the tray containing the personal pos-sessions to the inspector. The inspectorexamines the effects while the search is be-ing conducted.

(2) The prisoner of war is carefully searchedfor concealed weapons; signal devices;papers or books containing any invisiblewriting; pictures, maps, or sketches of mili-

AGO 1385C 79

tary or naval installations; equipment orimplements of war; and other unauthorizedarticles that may have been overlooked inprevious searches. If any such articles arefound, they are placed with the prisoner'sother effects on the tray before the inspector.The inspector informs the clerk of the arti-cles belonging to the prisoner that are to betaken from him and retained by the Gov-ernment. All these articles are recorded ina special property register and a receiptgiven to the prisoner of war for money oritems of value. These articles are also re-corded on DA Form 19-2 and are placed ina container that is marked with the pris-oner's name, assigned serial number, andany other required information.

(3) The prisoner then moves to the next stationwhere he is weighed, where his height ismeasured, and where he is examined foridentifying marks. The data together withhis age are also recorded on DA Form 19-2.The prisoner is then handed his form anddirected to the processing section.

b. Special Instructions.(1) Members of the receiving section must be

thoroughly familiar with foreign money.Care must constantly be exercised to detectcounterfeit currency.

(2) Noninterpreters should know such wordsand phrases in the prisoner's language as-

"Place your personal effects in this tray.""Place hands here.""Stand here."

80 AGO 1385C

"Stand there.""Do you have any scars?""Step on scale.""Take your things.""Do not rush.""Wait.""That is all."

73. PROCESSING SECTION

a. Interpreters. The noncommissioned officers ofthe processing section assign prisoners of war to in-terpreters. When required, certain selected andtrusted prisoners of war may be used as interpreters.Members of the processing section should memorizethe information required by the prisoner-of-war per-sonnel record. A thorough knowledge of the reasonsbehind each question on the form is of assistance inobtaining the required information.

b. Questioning Prisoners. The questioning of aprisoner of war is confined to obtaining the informa-tion necessary to complete the personnel record.When the information has been recorded, the in-terpreter initials the form, hands it to the prisoner,and directs him to the photographic section.

c. Special Instructions. The noncommissioned of-ficer in charge of the processing section must be ableto speak and read fluently the language designatedfor his group. He should know the abilities of theinterpreters, so that when advisable he may readilymake special assignments of prisoners. He shouldcarefully observe the progress of the interviews and,where there appears to be unnecessary delay, per-sonally take charge. The interpreters should have

AGO 1385C 81

paper and pencil available; prisoners can frequentlyassist interpreters by writing unusual names.

74. PHOTOGRAPHIC SECTION

a. Fuwnctioning. The members of this sectionshould be qualified photographers. Each member ofthe section should be trained to perform the workof every other member so that the duties can be ro-tated during the actual processing. To maintain ahigh standard of work, developers and printers mustreceive relief at frequent intervals.

b. Identification Board Group. The identificationboard group receives the prisoners of war from theprocessing section, prepares the boards on the basisof the information contained on the personnel rec-ords, and shows the boards to the prisoners for verifi-cation. At least three men are needed to prepare theboards. Men temporarily relieved from developingand printing may be used for this work. The boardsare prepared in accordance with Department of theArmy directives.

c. Camera Group. This group consists of thephotographer and his assistant. The assistant re-ceives each prisoner of war and the identificationboard, directs the prisoner to the spot designated, hashim face the camera, and places the board. After thepicture is taken, the assistant turns the prisoner ofwar for a profile view. It is good practice to havethe prisoner of war stand, rather than sit, duringthe photographing.

d. Special Instructions.(1) Before beginning the processing, a few

photographs should be taken and developedto insure proper lighting and exposure.

82 AGO 1385C

(2) Members of the photographic section shouldknow such words and phrases in the prison-er's language as-

"Come with me.""Face the camera.""Face me.""Turn around.""Raise your head.""Stand still.""Stand here.""That is all.""Wait.""Next."

75. FINGERPRINT SECTION

a. Fingerprinting. When the photographs havebeen taken, the prisoner of war is directed to thefingerprint section. The fingerprinter makes certainthat the hands of the prisoner are clean and free fromany oily substance, applies the ink, and takes theprints, being careful to protect the forms fromsmudging or smearing. The prisoner is then di-rected to cleanse his hands with the materials pro-vided for this purpose, is handed the forms, and issent to the record section.

b. Special Instructions.(1) To minimize fatigue, duties should be ro-

tated among the members of the section.(2) Members of the fingerprint section should

know such words and phrases in the prison-ers language as-

"Clean your hands.""IRelax."

AGO 1385C 83

"Do not press.""Roll your arm this way."

76. RECORD SECTION

a. Personnel. Members of this section should becompetent typists; should be accurate, careful, andthorough in their duties; and should be trained todetect errors quickly.

b. Function. This section types the informationsecured by the preceding sections. The forms arechecked carefully for correctness and completeness.When any mistake or omission is found, the form isreturned to the section responsible, and the furtherprocessing of the prisoner of war is delayed until thecorrection is made. The forms are filed until thephotographs are received from the photographicsection. Forms are usually filed by internment serialnumbers. When the photographs are received, theyare attached to the forms, care being exercised thatthe correct pictures are attached to the proper forms.Each member of the record section initials all therecords handled by him.

c. Disposition of Forms.(1) The original copy of the prisoner-of-war

record is retained at the camp until theprisoner is transferred, at which time it isforwarded to the commanding officer of thenew camp. The record section forwards theduplicate copy to the Enemy Prisoner-of-War Information Bureau where it is re-tained as the basic record of the prisoner.

(2) Personal effects which are not retained bythe prisoner of war during his internment

84 AGO 1385C

are disposed of in accordance with Depart-ment of the Army instructions (par. 21).

(3) The record section also prepares and trans-mits to appropriate officials such other iden-tification records as may be prescribed by thetheater commander.

d. Special Instructions. Members of the recordsection should know such words and phrases in theprisoners, language as-

"Is this your name ?""Wait.""Stand over here.""That is all.""Go out that door."

Section II. MILITARY POLICE GUARD COMPANY

77. ORGANIZATION

There are two types of military police guard com-panies: military police guard company (mobile) andmilitary police guard company.

a. The military police guard company (mobile)is organized under T/O & E 19-47. The companyconsists of a company headquarters and threeplatoons.

b. The military police guard company is organizedunder T/O & E 19-247. The company consists of acompany headquarters, three guard platoons, and amachine gun section.

78. MISSION AND ASSIGNMENT

a. The mission of the military police guard com-pany (mobile) is to guard and evacuate prisoners of

AGO 1385C 85

war and interned enemy aliens. The companies areassigned to field armies and the communications zoneas required.

b. The mission of the military police guard com-pany is to guard prisoners of war or interned enemyaliens, both at prisoner-of-war camps or cages andduring transfer to and between cages, camps, andports. The companies are assigned to the communi-cations zone and to the zone of interior as required.

79. CAPABILITIES

a. The military police guard company (mobile)is capable of providing the guard for 2,000 to 3,000prisoners of war or interned enemy aliens at prisoner-of-war cages; evacuating 1,000 to 1,500 prisoners ofwar or interned enemy aliens by marching; and pro-viding the guard for the evacuation of 1,500 to 2,000prisoners of war or interned enemy aliens by motorin vehicles of Transportation Corps truck companiesor in other vehicles under the control of an army,a corps, or the communications zone.

b. The military police guard company is capableof providing the guard for 2,000 to 2,500 prisonersof war or interned enemy aliens at prisoner-of-warcages (may be augmented with teams from T/O & E19-500 in case the physical layout of the cage orthe number of prisoners or internees so dictates);providing the guard for 1,500 to 2,000 prisoners ofwar or interned enemy aliens at prisoner-of-warcamps; providing the guard for three to four prison-er-of-war labor companies employed on work proj-ects distant from cages or camps; evacuating 1,000to 1,500 prisoners of war or interned enemy aliens

86 AGO 1385C

by marching; providing the guard and escort forthe movement of fifty truckloads of prisoners of warby motor; and providing the guard and escort forthe movement of 2,000 to 3,000 prisoners of war byrail in standard-type military railway trains.

80. WITH AN ARMY OR SEPARATE CORPS

One or more military police guard companies maybe attached to a field army, or to a corps when it isoperating independently. The guard company op-erates at the army or corps prisoner-of-war cage orat a prisoner-of-war camp in the communicationzone. Prisoners of war who are transferred froman army or corps prisoner-of-war cage to the zone ofinterior are transported to the port of embarkationunder a guard furnished by a guard company fromthe communications zone. At the port of embarka-tion the prisoners of war are turned over to the portcommander for shipment to the zone of interior.

81. WITH LOGISTICAL COMMAND

a. Military police guard companies that are at-tached to a logistical command are assigned toprisoner-of-war camps or projects, or are used toguard prisoners of war who are being evacuated orwho are being transported to camps on work projects.

b. A guard company that is assigned to a prisoner-of-war camp performs the following duties:

(1) Guards prisoners of war within the camp.(2) Furnishes guard details for prisoners of

war working outside the camp.(3) Furnishes guard details for prisoners of

war being transferred from one camp toanother.

AGO 1385C 87

APPENDIX

TRAINING

1. GENERAL

The training of personnel assigned to handle pris-oners of war may be divided into three categories:basic, technical, and tactical. This appendix is con-cerned primarily with the technical training appli-cable to personnel assigned to a military policeprisoner-of-war processing company or a militarypolice guard company. In preparing the trainingprogram, emphasis mast be placed on the subjectsthat are most applicable to the type of duties thatare to be performed. In a military police prisoner-of-war processing company, for example, the train-ing program should emphasize the coordinating ofthe various sections and specialist skills in order todevelop the teamwork necessary to accomplish themission. On the other hand, in a military policeguard company, the training program should em-phasize such subjects as the movement and guardingof prisoners of war.

2. PURPOSE OF TRAINING

The main objective of all military training issuccess in combat. Training in the handling of pris-oners of war furthers the accomplishment of themilitary mission through the proper disposition and

89 AGO 1386C

advantageous utilization of prisoners of war in ac-cordance with the Geneva Convention of 12 August1949 and pertinent directives.

3. STANDARDS TO BE ATTAINED

a. General. All personnel assigned to handle pris-oners of war should:

(1) Understand the provisions of the GenevaConvention relative to the Treatment ofPrisoners of War, including the following:

(a) Rights of prisoners of war.(b) Information that prisoners of war are re-

quired to give to captors.(c) Personal effects of prisoners of war that

are to be retained by the prisoners, orto be impounded or confiscated by thecaptors; disposition of personal effectsimpounded or confiscated.

(d) Conditions of transfer of prisoners ofwar.

(e) Interment of prisoners of war.(f) Quarters, food, and clothing for pris-

oners of war.(g) Hygiene and medical attention for pris-

oners of war.(h) Discipline of prisoners of war; use of

force.(i) Labor of prisoners of war.(j) Payment of prisoners of war.(k) Penal and disciplinary sanctions for pris-

oners of war.(1) Release, repatriation, and death of pris-

oners of war.

AGO 1385C 89

(m) Information bureaus and relief societiesfor prisoners of war.

(2) Know their jurisdiction and authority overprisoners of war.

(3) Be familiar with military regulations as todegree of force to be used in the controlof prisoners of war.

(4) Know how to search prisoners of war.(5) Know the disposition that is to be made of

confiscated and impounded effects, includ-ing all material of intelligence value.

(6) Develop a practical working knowledge ofthe language of the enemy.

b. Military Police Prisoner-of-War ProcessingCompany. In addition to attaining the standardsfor all personnel handling prisoners of war, person-nel of the military police prisoner-of-war processingcompany should-

(1) Be able to operate independently in indi-vidual platoons, each platoon capable ofprocessing one prisoner of war per minuteon an eight hour basis.

(2) Maintain all necessary individual recordswith regard to prisoners of war.

(3) Furnish pertinent information compiled tothe Enemy Prisoner-of-War InformationBureau.

(4) Be proficient in more than one of the spe-cialist skills required in the processing com-pany, so that personnel may be rotated toinsure continuous, complete, and uninter-rupted processing.

c. Military Police Guard Company. In additionto attaining the standards for all personnel handling

90 AGO 1385C

prisoners of war, personnel of the military policeguard company should:

(1) Be able to evacuate prisoners of war, main-tain segregation, enforce discipline, preventescapes, and protect documents or materialof intelligence value.

(2) Know how to tag prisoners of war.(3) Know how to guard prisoners of war.

4. TECHNICAL TRAINING OBJECTIVES

a. Military Police Prisoner-of-War ProcessingCompa'ny.

(1) The over-all technical training objectivefor a military police prisoner-of-war proc-essing company is to train it to process effi-ciently one prisoner of war per minute on atwenty-four hour basis and to attain profi-ciency in the maintenance of the records,forms, and reports required for transmittalto the Enemy Prisoner-of-WVar InformationBureau.

(2) To insure the effective performance of thecompany as a unit, its personnel are trainedto become proficient in the following:

(a) Coordinating the activities of the sections.(b) Establishing processing stations.(c) Establishing security measures.(d) Guarding prisoners of war.(e) Searching prisoners of war.(f) Repairing or replacing damaged equip-

ment.(g) Loading and unloading equipment.

(3) To insure the effective operation of each

AGO 1385C 91

of the five sections, personnel assigned tothe sections are trained to become proficientin the following:

(a) Receiving section.1. Recording names.2. Assigning internment serial numbers.3. Searching prisoners of war.4. Examining personal effects.5. Recording effects taken from prisoners

of war.6. Disposing of effects taken from prisoners

of war.7. Recording weight, height, age, and iden-

tifying marks.(b) Processing section.

1. Interrogating prisoners of war.2. Recording information.

(c) Photographic section.1. Preparing identification boards.2. Verifying identification boards.3. Taking photographs.4. Developing and printing.

(d) Fingerprint section.1. Inking plates.2. Producing clear, readable fingerprint

records.(e) Record section.

1. Recording information.2. Filing forms.

b. Military Police Guard Company. To insurethe proper performance of their duties, individualsassigned to the military police guard company aretrained in the essential techniques that are necessaryto insure the efficient achievement of the following:

92 AGO 1385C

(1) Tagging prisoners of war.(2) Guarding prisoners of war at cages and

camps.(3) Evacuating prisoners of war by foot, motor,

rail, and plane, or boat.(4) Searching prisoners of war.(5) Protecting prisoners of war against public

insult or curiosity.(6) Guarding, marking, and disposing of con-

fiscated or impounded prisoner-of-war per-sonal effects.

(7) Segregating prisoners of war.(8) Enforcing military laws and regulations

and maintaining order.(9) Handling escapes.(10) Handling and disposing of injured pris-

oners of war.(11) Transporting prisoners of war, including

loading, unloading, embarking, and de-barking.

(12) Counting and receipting for prisoners ofwar.

(13) Using the services of enemy medical andother protected personnel.

5. MINIMUM TRAINING SCHEDULE

The minimum training schedule which follows isonly a guide for the technical training of the indi-vidual members of a military police prisoner-of-warprocessing company and a military police guardcompany. Additional training as appropriate andas needed should be included in the training pro-gram.

AGO 1385C 93

GENERAL ALLOTMENT OF TIME

Hours

Subject

o P4

Introduction - _1--------------------I IGeneva Conventions --- ---------------- 4 5Disciplinary Measures -- ------------- 5 3Interrogation ---------- ---------- 1 2Capture------------------ -------------- 6 6Collection --------- --------------- 4 2Evacuation------------------------------- 12 4Prisoners of War in the Communications Zone --- 12 8Military Police Prisoner-of-War Processing Com-

pany -_--------------------------------- 1 50Military Police Guard Co:mpany -- _ --------- 2 1

Total hours ------- _---_------------ -- 48 82

*MPGC--Military Police Guard Company.**MPPWPC-Military Police Prisoner-of-War Processing Company.

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6. ADDITIONAL TRAINING

In addition to.the training required for handlingprisoners of war, personnel of the military policeprisoner-of-war processing company and the mili-tary police guard company should receive training insuch subjects as the following:

a. The physical training required for dismountedground combat consistent with the maximum capa-bilities of the unit.

b. The principles of concealment and camoufiage,cover, and movement.

c. Security consciousness that will assure detec-tion and action against subversive activities; de-fense against infiltration, guerrilla warfare, and en-emy partisan activities.

d. Control of traffic and circulation of individuals.e. Protection of property to include assistance to

civil authorities when specifically authorized.f. The operation of the unit including adminis-

tration, motor maintenance, communication, andsupply functions.

g. Prescribed standards for the maintenance ofall organization equipment.

h. Other duties normally assigned to militarypolice.

7. TRAINING CONSIDERATIONS

Training should simulate as closely as possiblethe actual problems that will be encountered in thefield. Ingenuity should be exercised in presentingproblems and situations that will stimulate interest.Realistic training and realism in maneuvers andfield exercises appropriate to the unit's function andmission should be stressed.

AGO 1385C 103

INDEX

Para- Pagegraph Page

Activities, POW:Intellectual _------- ------------ - 52, 53b 62, 63Physical ..------------ 52, 53b 62, 63Religious_ ------------------------ 52, 53b 62, 63

Administrative considerations:Activities, POW - ----------- 52, 53b 62, 63Allowances, pay and ------------ 50 59Censorship, mail and ...............- _ 51 61Command responsibilities ----------- _ 45b 51Complaints ---------------------- 54 64Courtesies -------------------------- 46 55Death -------------------- ---- 58 66Diseased prisoners- - --------__ 60 71Escape _ ---------------------------- 57 65Equipment, supplies and - ---- --- 47 56Facilities, sanitation and medical --- _ 49 58General -_----------------------- 44 49Injured and diseased prisoners -------- 60 71Intellectual activities------------- - 53 62Labor:

Compensation --------------- 59d 70General_------- - ----- 59a 67Restrictions -- _---..--S..--- - - 59c 68Supervisors ---- 59b 67

Mail and censorship -..---------- 51 61Officer prisoners ---------------- 55 64

Orderlies-----..------.----.--- - 55b 64Privileges - ..----------------- 55a 64

Pay and allowances---------------- 50 59Physical activities -..-------. -------- 53 62Policies ----------..----............... 45 49

104 AGO 1385C

Paragraph

Administrative considerations-ContinuedPrisoner of war:

Evacuation --------------------- 61-63 71

Labor ------- - --------- 59 67

Officers ------------------------ 55 64Organization ------------- - 45e 53

Representatives --------- 45f 53

Transfer- --------------- 61 71

Principles ------------------------ 45a 49

Processing ----------------- 45d 51

Property, personal-.---- ------ 48 57

Records ----------------------------- 45c 51

Relief shipments--------------------- 52 62

Religious activities ------- ----- 53 62

Repatriation of sick and wounded -_--- 56 64

Reports, records and ------------ 45c 51

Sanitation and medical care -------- 49 58

Supplies and equipment:Canteens------------------------ 47d 57

Clothing -- ------------- 47a 56

Miscellaneous .-----------.--- 47c 57

Rations ------------------------ 47b 57

Transfer of prisoners of war ---------- 61 71

Agency, Central POW Information _--- - 9c 11

Allowances, pay and---------------------- 50 59

Boundary, rear, forward displacement ----- 40 41

Cages, Figure 3 ----------------- ------ 38, 41 39, 42

Camps, POW, Figures 6, 7, 8 ----------- _- 43 44

Capture:Documents ------------------------ 20 23

Escorts ----------------------------- 24 27

Evacuation to collecting point ------ 18b 22

General ----------------------------- 18 22

Interrogation at collecting point ------- 18b 22

Movement to division collecting point_- 23 26

Responsibility for POW -------------- 18c 22

Search, immediate ------------------ 18a, 19 22, 23

Segregation ------------------------- 22 26

Censorship, mail and--------------------- 51b 61

AGO 1385C 105

Para-graph Page

Collecting point:Airborne division .-..-------------- 27 30Arctic operations ---.....------------- 30a 32Armored division .-.----------------- 28b 31

In a rapid pursuit-.. . .............- 28d 32Definition -------------.----------- 18b 22Desert operations .---------------___ 30b 33Division -_____----------------- 23, 24b 26,27Purpose --- - - - - - -- - - - - - - 25 28General - --------------------------- 25 28Infantry division -------------------- 26 28

Collection --------------------------- 18b, App. 22, 88Compensation ------------------ 59d 70Complaints --- -- - -- - -- - -- - _---- 54 64Communications zone, evacuation to ------ 39 41Correspondence ------------------- 38g, 51, 61b 40, 61,

71.Courtesies ----------------------------- 46 55

Death of prisoner of war:Burial ----------------------------- 58a, b 66Death certificate ----------- --- 58b 66Examination of body ------------ _--- 58c 66Identification media ------ - _ 58e 66Inquiry to determine cause ----------- 58d 66On ship .--...-------.---- 62h 74Personal effects of deceased ---------- _ 48b 58Report to protecting power ------ - 58d 66

Discipline:Measures, disciplinary ---------- 12-14, App. 13, 88Punishment:

Collective ---------------------- - 12c 13Sanctions, disciplinary:

Confinement ----- ------- - 13e 15Duration ------------------- 13a 14Escapees .----------------- - 13d 15Fatigue duties ------------- _ 13b 15Summary punishment power__- 13c 15

Standards .----------------- _------- 16d 20Use of weapons against POW ------- 12e 14

106 AGO 1385C

Para-graph e

Diseased prisoners ----------------------_ 60 71Displacement of Army rear boundry ------- 40 41Division:

Airborne --------------------------- 27 30Armored --------------------------- 28 31Infantry --------------------------- _ 26 28

Documents ----------------------------- 20 23

Education ----------------------------- 53b, 3e 63, 2Effects, personal ------------------------ 21 24Employment --................. 3e, 59 2, 67Equipment, supplies and -- - - 47 56Escape -------------------------------- 13d, 57 15, 65Escorts ------------------------------ 24, 26c 27, 29Evacuation --------------- 3, 31-40, 61-63, App. 2, 33,

71, 88Airborne operations ----------------- 36 38Amphibious operations --------------- 35 38

Initial phase ------------------- 35a 38Intermediate phase--------------- 35b 38Final phase --------------------- 35c 38

Army operations:Cages ---- ----- ----- 38a 39Notification of families ----------- 38g 40Processing ---------------------- 38 39Processing Companies___ 45d (3), 64-76 53, 75Receipting for prisoners ---------- 38b 39Record, POW personnel ----- 45d (1), (2) 51, 52Sanitary measures -------------- 38d 40Search of prisoner -------------- 3Sc 39Serial number, internment ... 45d (1), (2) 51, 52Shelters ------------------------- 38a 39

By water --------------------------- 62 72Communications zone:

Evacuation from ------------ 63 74Evacuation to ----------------- 39 41

Diagram s, figures 1, 2 -----------------------------Displacement of rear boundry line ----- 40 41General ---------------------------- 31-40 33Handling during -------------- 16d 20

AGO 1385C 107

Para- Pgraph P

Evacuation-ContinuedInterrogation of PO'W during, figure 1 16e 20Principles of .-.................. 32 35Procedures .------------------------ 34 36

By foot ----------------------- - 34e 36By vehicle --------------------- 34c 36By water ----------------------- 62 72

Death during --------------- 62h 74Sanitation ------------------ 62d 73Segregation _ ------- ,-_. ... 16c,62c 19, 73

Issue of rations --------------- 34h, 62g 37, 74Liaison during ------------------ 34g 37Rests during -------------------- 34f 37

Responsibility ---------------------- 33 35Schematic Diagram, figure 2 ------------------------Search_ ----------------------------- 16d 20Special prisoners of war -------------- 34j 37Speed- ----------------------------- 16b 19

Facilities, internment -------------------- 41-43 42Fingerprint section:

Fingerprinting_ --------------------- 75a 83Special instructions ------------------ 75b 83

Geneva Conventions ..- ........... 5-11, App. 3, 88Prisoners of war --------------- 6 4POW Information Bureaus ----------- 9 9

Central ---------------- ____---- 9c, 60 11, 71U. S. Enemy ------------------- 9b, 57 9, 65

Protected personnel:Definition ----------------- 7a 6Employment of specialists -------- 7d 7Identity cards, insignia ---------- 7c 7Rights ------------------------- 7c 7

Protecting powers ------------- 10 11Protection of POW's, general --------- 8 8Welfare organizations:

Approval ---------------------- 11Ia 12Red Cross -11------------------- 1lb 12Welfare activities ----------- _--- 11e 12

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Guard company, military police ----- _. ... 77-81 85Identification:

Of dead -------- --- --- ---- -_ 58e 66Internment serial number ------------ 15c 18Service number ---------------- 15c 18Tags ------------------------------ 26e 29

Information Bureau, POW:Central -_-------------------------_ 9c, 60 11, 71Function of -_---------------------- 9b 9U. S. Enemy --............... 9b, 57, 60, 76c 9, 65, 71,

(1), App. 84, 88Injured and diseased prisoners ----------- _ 60 71Instructions, special. (See Special instruc-

tions.)Internment ------------------ _ 3b 2Internment facilities:

For infantry divisions ---------------- 26b 28Prisoner-of-war cages --------- 41, 38a 42, 39Prisoner-of-war camps --------------- 43 44

Internment serial numbers ------------- 15c, 45d 18, 51Intellectual activities ------------------- _ 53 62Interrogation:

By intelligence officer ---------------- 15b 17By military police ---------- ___ 15b 17By POW interrogation team (IPW) ----- 18b 22Coercion ---------------------------- 8f 9Diagram, evacuation and interrogation

of POW, Figure 1 ---------- -----------------General -------------- ---------- 15 17Identification information ------------ 15c 18Importance -------------------------- 15a 17Phases --- - - - - - - ------------ 17 20Principles ---------- --------------- 16 19Skill in -------- 16e 20

Judicial proceedings:Conditions of trial ------------------- 14a 16Notification of protecting power ------- 14b 16Penal and disciplinary sanctions ------ 14e 17

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Judicial proceedings-ContinuedSentence:

Appeal-.---------------- 14d 17Death .------ -------- 14c 16

Labor, POW:Claims ---------------------------- 60 71Compensation ---------- - 59d 70Injury while engaged in -------------- 60 71Organization for --_________- - _____S- 59a 67Restrictions_ .--... .. .........------- 59c 68Supervisors --.--------------- 59b 67Treatment_ .--- S..-c........ 59c (3) 68

Litter cases, treatment_ .-..--.... .... 22b 26

Medical care. (See Sanitation and medicalcare.)

Mail:Censorship -....--- --------- 51b 61Chaplains, correspondence by --------- 51e 62Limitations__ -----..---- --------- - 51a 61Packages_ ------------------- --- 52 62Postal rates ------- S------------- 51c 61Privileges ----------------------- 38g, 51a 40, 61

Military police guard company:Assignment_ .-...--------- ----------- 78 85Capabilities .- .. . ................ 79 86M ission .--- - - - - -- - - - - - - - 78 85Operation with:

Army or special corps ------------ 80 87Logistical command ------------- 81 87

Organization ---------------- 77 85Training for -.--------------------- App. 88Types ----- ------------------------- 77 85

Military police processing company:Assignment ---------------------- 66 76Fingerprint section ---------------- 75, App. 83, 88Firearms, carrying .----------------- 70 78Mission ___.--------- ------ ------- 65 75

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Military police processing company-ContinuedOperations:

Company ------------------ 45d (3), 67 53, 76Platoon --- - - ---- 71 78Receiving section --------------- 72 79

Organization- --------------------- 64 75Photographic section -------------- 74, App. 81, 88Platoon, figure 9 ----------------.. 67b, 71 76, 78Processing section ----------------- 73, App. 81, 88Receiving section ----------------- 72, App. 79, 88Record section -------------------- 76, App. 84, 88

Disposition of forms --------- 76c 84Function -- - - ----- 76b 84Personnel --------------------- 76a 84

Signs, use ------------- ------------ 69 78Training_ --------- App. 88Treatment of prisoners ---------. - --- 68 78Utilization of POW___-_- _ ........... 71 78

Mixed Medical Commission -------------- 56b 65

Officer prisoners:Orderlies ------------------------ 55b 65Privileges ------------------------ 55a 64

Organizations, welfare ---------.-------- 11 12

Pay and allowances:Advance of ------------------.- 50b 59Foreign money, disposition ----------- 50a 59Payments--------------------------- 50e 60POW account ---_------------------ 50d 60Remittances --------------- - - 50e 60Retention ------------------- S-.--a 50a 59Working rate of pay ---.-----------.-- 50c 60

Personal effects:Classes---------------------- 21b 24Confiscation -.------------------- -- 21b (4) 24Deceased enemy ----------------.-- 48b 58Disposition --------------- 48a 57Receipting for -------------------- 21a, 48a 24, 57Safeguarding- ---------------------- 21a 24Storing_ ---------------------------- 48a 57

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Personnel, protected --------------- 7 6Photographic section:

Camera group --------------------- 74c 82Functioning __-------------- -- 74a 82Identification board group ----------- 74b 82Special instructions ------------------ 74d 83

Physical activities --------------------- 53 62Prisoner of war:

Activities -------------------------- 52, 53 62Cage, Figure 3 -- __------------__--- 38, 41 39, 42

Camps, Figures 6, 7, 8 --------------- 43 44Branch Tent:

For 250 enlisted men, Figure 4 -------- _----For 1,000 enlisted men, Figure 5 _ ............For 1,800 enlisted men, Figure 6 -------------

Capture_ -------------------- - - 18-24 22Collecting points ------------ - 18b, 25-30 22, 28Correspondence card ..--- _-_ .._. 51a 61Death of. (See Death of POW.)Definition- ----------------- 6 4Escorts ---------------------- 24 27Information Bureaus ..-- - ------ 9 9Interrogation ------------------- 15-17, 38h 17, 40Judicial proceedings- ---------- 14 16Labor:

Compensation ------------------ 59d 70General ..-------..--- 59a 67Injury while engaged in ----------- 60 71Restrictions--------------------- 59c 68Supervisors .-..................- 59b 67

Litter cases .----------.. ----------- 22b 26Movement to division collecting point__ 23 26Officer prisoners .---------------- _--- 55 64Orderlies .-.. ----- -- --- -- -- 55b 64Organization of --------------------- 45e 53Proceedings, judicial ----------------- 14 16Processing company ..-.......... 64 -76, App. 75, 88Processing platoon, Figure 9 _-------- 67b, 71 76, 78Processing section ------------_ -_---_ 73 81Protection---------------------- 7 8 8

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Prisoner of war-ContinuedRelief shipments --__-------_-------- 52 62Representative _ ------------ _.-- 42, 45f 43, 53Search of -------------- _. _. .. 18a, 19, 38c 22, 23,

39Segregation_ -- - --- 16c, 22, 43e,f, 62c 19, 26,

45, 73Treatment_ _-__.................-- 3d, 8b 2, 8Weapons, use of against_ ------------- 12e 14

Processing_ ----------- ----- 38, 45d 39, 51Processing companies ------------- 64-76, Anp. I 75, 88Processing platoon, Figure 9 ------------- 67b, 71 76, 78Processing section:

Interpreters -------------_----- ----- 73a 81Questioning of prisoners -------------- 73b 81Special instructions- _ ---------------- 73c 81

Processing stations ---------------------- 41b 42Property register_ -- - - ----- 72a (2) 80Retained personnel ------ ------------- 7 6Protecting powers_ ----------------- 10, 14b 11, 16Protection of POW _ --------------------- 8 8Punishment. (See discipline.)

Rations ------------------_---- 26d, 34h, 47b, 61a 29, 3751, 71

Receiving section:Operation - -------------- 72a 79Special instructions_ ---------- _-- 72b 80

Record ------------------------------ 26f, 15c 30, 51Office__ ------------------------------ 3a 2Section:

Disposition of forms-_ ----------- 76c 84Function -------------------- 76b 84Personnel --------------------- 76a 84Special instructions -------------- 76d 85

Red Cross----------------------------- 11b, 56b 12, 65Relief shipments------------------------- 52 62Repatriation:

Responsibility ----------------------- 3 2Sick and wounded --- _-----_-----_- -_ 56 64

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Responsibility:Air Force--------.------- - - 18e 22Army --------------------- 3, 18c, 59c (3) 2, 22, 68Command -- -------------------- 45b 58Command and staff ----------------- 4 2Evacuation ------------------------- 33 35Guarding ------------------- _-_--- _ 26c 29Navy --------- -- 18c 22Repatriation ----------------- 3 2

Retained personnel ____-_____--.. ._____--- 7 6

Sanctions, disciplinary ------------------- 13 14Sanitation and medical care:

Facilities required ------------ 38d, 49b 39, 58Injury or disease acquired while working_ 60 71Measures _------------------------- 49a 58On ship ---- -------------- 62d 73Responsibility -------- ----- 49c 59

Search ----- __--------...--.. 16a, 18a, 19, 38c, 62c 19, 22,23, 39, 73

Segregation:Influential prisoners ---------- __ l.. .. 16c 19Litter cases ------- …--- ------- 22c 26Nonwounded and walking wounded __-- 22a 26

On ship---------------------------- 62c 73Women ---.-------------- Sc 8c, e, 43e 8, 45

Serial numbers, internment -____--_____-- 15c, 45d 18, 51Sick and wounded, repatriation ----------- 56 64Signs, use _--------------------- --- 69 78Special instructions:

Fingerprint section ----------------- 75b 83Photographic section --------------- _ 74d 82Processing section ------------------ 73c 81Receiving section -- _.------------- 72b 80Record section ------------------- 76d 85

Special register _----------. --------- 24, 72a (2) 27, 80

Specialists, employment ------------------- 7d 7

Staff responsibility -------------------- 4 2

Stations, processing --------------------- 41 42

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Supplies and equipment:Canteens - _ ...................... 47d 57Clothing --------------------------- 47a 56Miscellaneous ----------------------- 47c 57Rations --------- ----- 47b 57

Tags, identification ----------- ---------- 26e 29Tent camp, branch, Figures 4, 5, 6 _.-----------------Training:

Additional ------------------------- App. 88Allotment of training time ----------- App. 88Considerations ---------------------- App. 88General --------------. - --- App. 88Minimum training schedule ---------- App. 88Purpose ------------------- --------- App. 88Standards to be obtained ------------- App. 88Technical training objectives .-------- App. 88

Transfer of POW --_------- ------ 61 71Treatment of POW .-- ----------- 3d, 8b 2, 8

Weapons, use ------------------------ 12e 14Welfare organizations -------------------- 11 12Women -__---------------------- 8c, e, 43d 8, 45

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