-
Handle
For other uses, see Handle (disambiguation).
A handle is a part of, or attachment to, an object that canbe
moved or used by hand. The design of each type ofhandle involves
substantial ergonomic issues, even wherethese are dealt with
intuitively or by following tradition.Handles for tools are an
important part of their function,enabling the user to exploit the
tools to maximum eect.
A modern claw hammer with rubber handle
1 General design criteria
Flat-nose pliers with thermoplastic handles
The three nearly universal requirements of are:
1. Sucient strength to support the object, or to other-wise
transmit the force involved in the task the han-dle serves.
2. Sucient length to permit the hand or hands grip-ping it to
reliably exert that force.
3. Suciently small circumference to permit the handor hands to
surround it far enough to grip it as solidlyas needed to exert that
force.
2 Specic needsOther requirements may apply to specic
handles:
A sheath or coating on the handle that providesfriction against
the hand, reducing the gripping forceneeded to achieve a reliable
grip.
Designs such as recessed car-door handles, reducingthe chance of
accidental operation, or simply the in-convenience of snagging the
handle.
Sucient circumference to distribute the force com-fortably and
safely over the hand. An example wherethis requirement is almost
the sole purpose for ahandles existence is the handle that consists
of twopieces: a hollow wooden cylinder about the diam-eter of a
nger and a bit longer than one hand-width, and a sti wire that
passes through the cen-ter of the cylinder, has two right angles,
and isshaped into a hook at each end. This handle
permitscomfortable carrying, with otherwise bare hands, ofa heavy
package, suspended on a tight string thatpasses around the top and
bottom of it: the stringis strong enough to support it, but the
pressure thestring would exert on ngers that grasped it
directlywould often be unacceptable.
Design to thwart unwanted access, for example, bychildren or
thieves. In these cases many of the otherrequirements may have
reduced importance. Forexample, a child-proof doorknob can be
dicult foreven an adult to use.
3 Pull handlesOne major category of handles are pull handles,
whereone or more hands grip the handle or handles, and exertforce
to shorten the distance between the hands and theircorresponding
shoulders. The three criteria stated aboveare universal for pull
handles.Many pull handles are for lifting, mostly on objects to
becarried.Horizontal pull handles are widespread, including
drawerpulls, handles on latchless doors and the outside of
cardoors. The inside controls for opening car doors frominside are
usually pull handles, although their function ofpermitting the door
to be pushed open is accomplished byan internal unlatching
linkage.
1
-
2 6 REFERENCES
Many drawers use pull handles.
Two kinds of pull handles may involve motion in additionto the
hand-focused motions described:
Pulling the starting cord on a small internal-combustion engine
may, besides moving the handtoward the shoulder, also exploit
simultaneouslypushing a wheeled vehicle away with the other
hand,stepping away from the engine, and/or standing froma
squat.
Some throwing motions, as in a track-and-eldhammer throw,
involve pulling on a handle againstcentrifugal force (without
bringing it closer), in thecourse of accelerating the thrown object
by forcingit into circular motion.
4 Twist handles
Many doors use twist handles.
Another category of hand-operated device requiresgrasping (but
not pulling) and rotating the hand and ei-ther the lower arm or the
whole arm, about their axis.When the grip required is a st grip, as
with a door han-dle that has an arm rather than a knob to twist,
the termhandle unambiguously applies. Another clear case is
a rarer device seen on mechanically complicated doorslike those
of airliners, where (instead of the whole handmoving down as it
also rotates, on the door handles justdescribed) the axis of
rotation is between the thumb andthe outermost ngers, so the thumb
moves up if the outerngers move down.
5 Handles for wide-range motionThe handles of bicycle grips,
club-style weapons, shovelsand spades, axes, hammers, mallets and
hatchets, baseballbats, rackets, golf clubs, and croquet mallets
involve agreater range of ergonomic issues.
6 References
-
37 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses7.1
Text
Handle Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handle?oldid=668528678 Contributors:
Mac, Glenn, Jerzy, Alexf, Sam Hocevar,YUL89YYZ, Xevious, Jag123,
PaulHanson, Paleorthid, Wtmitchell, FlaBot, Dustin Howett, DVdm,
Raelx, Gene.arboit, Retired username,Bota47, Ybbor, SmackBot,
George RodneyMaruri Game, Andrew Dalby, Peterlewis, Peter MDodge,
Mattisse, Escarbot, JAnDbot, MER-C, Bongwarrior, Dekimasu,
Jim.henderson, J.delanoy, Whitebox, ABF, TXiKiBoT, AlleborgoBot,
Logan, SieBot, Mgros, Faradayplank,Ivan1984, Lascorz, ClueBot,
Laudak, 1ForTheMoney, The Baroness of Morden, Addbot, Luckas-bot,
Um, Taka76, Pinethicket, HRoest-Bot, EmausBot,
T3dkjn89q00vl02Cxp1kqs3x7, Look2See1, ClueBot NG, Kingben821,
Wconway58, Drdrtoto, Epicgenius, Skatermor99,Nick Watto,
Nickisdabomb1, Arthropleura and Anonymous: 38
7.2 Images File:Ambox_important.svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg
License: Public do-
main Contributors: Own work, based o of Image:Ambox scales.svg
Original artist: Dsmurat (talk contribs) File:Claw-hammer.jpg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Claw-hammer.jpg
License: Public domain Con-
tributors: Own work Original artist: Evan-Amos
File:Commons-logo.svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg
License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ? File:Door_handle.jpg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Door_handle.jpg
License: CC BY 2.0 Contribu-
tors: windows, doors and handles Original artist: marya from San
Luis Obispo, USA File:Drawer_handle.jpg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Drawer_handle.jpg
License: CC BY-SA 2.0
Contributors: drawer and wood grain Original artist:
iluvrhinestones from seattle, oceania File:Question_book-new.svg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/Question_book-new.svg
License: Cc-by-sa-3.0
Contributors:Created from scratch in Adobe Illustrator. Based on
Image:Question book.png created by User:Equazcion Original
artist:Tkgd2007
File:Tool-pliers.jpg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Tool-pliers.jpg
License: Public domain Contribu-tors: Own work Original artist:
Evan-Amos
File:Wiktionary-logo-en.svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg
License: Publicdomain Contributors: Vector version of
Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png. Original artist: Vectorized by
Fvasconcellos (talk contribs),based on original logo tossed
together by Brion Vibber
7.3 Content license Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike
3.0
General design criteriaSpecific needsPull handlesTwist
handlesHandles for wide-range motionReferencesText and image
sources, contributors, and licensesTextImagesContent license
