A Handbookof Varieties of EnglishVolume 1: Phonology

Edited by

Edgar W. SchneiderKate Bur ridgeBernd KortmannRaj end MesthrieClive Upton

Mouton de GruyterBerlin • New York

*

Contents of volume 1

Contents of volume 2 x

Abbreviations xv

General introduction 1Bernd Kortmann and Edgar W. Schneider

General references 10

The British IslesBernd Kortmann and Clive Upton (eds.)

Introduction: varieties of English in the British Isles 25Bernd Kortmann and Clive Upton

English spoken in Orkney and Shetland: phonology 35Gunnel Melchers

Scottish English: phonology 47Jane Stuart-Smith

Irish English: phonology. '..'.'.• 68Raymond Hickey

Welsh English: phonology 98Robert Penhallurick

English dialects in the North of England: phonology 113Joan Beal

The English West Midlands: phonology. 134Urszula Clark

The dialect of East Anglia : . . . . . . 163Peter Trudgill

The dialects in the South of England: phonology 178Ulrike Altendorf and Dominic Watt

Channel Island English: phonology 204Heinrich Ramisch

Received Pronunciation •;v 217Clive Upton

British Creole: phonology 231Peter L. Patrick

vi Contents of volume 1

The Americas and the CaribbeanEdgar W. Schneider (ed.)

I n t r o d u c t i o n : v a r i e t i e s o f E n g l i s h i n t h e A m e r i c a s a n d t h e C a r i b b e a n . . . . . 2 4 7Edgar W. Schneider

Standard American English pronunciation 257William A. Kretzschmar, Jr.

New England: phonology 270Naomi Nagy and Julie Roberts

New York, Philadelphia, and other northern cities: phonology 282Matthew J. Gordon .

Rural Southern white accents 300ErikR. Thomas

The urban South: phonology. 325Jan Tillery and Guy Bailey

The West and Midwest: phonology . . 338Matthew J. Gordon

English in Canada: phonology 351Charles Boberg

Newfoundland English: phonology 366Sandra Clarke

African American Vernacular English: phonology .; 383Walter F. Edwards

Gullah: phonology 393Tracey L. Weldon

Cajun Vernacular English: phonology • • • • 407Sylvie Dubois and Barbara M. Horvath

Chicano English: phonology 417Otto Santa Ana and Robert Bayley . .

Bahamian English: phonology 435Becky Childs and Walt Wolfram

Jamaican Creole and Jamaican English: phonology ; 450Hubert Devonish and Otelemate G. Harry

Eastern Caribbean English-derived language varieties: phonology 481Michael Aceto

Contents of volume 1 vii

Bajan: phonology 501Renee Blake

The Creoles of Trinidad and Tobago: phonology 508Valerie Youssefand Winford James

Suriname Creoles: phonology 525Norval Smith and Vinije Haabo

The Pacific and AustralasiaKate Burridge and Bernd Kortmann (eds.)

Introduction: varieties of English in the Pacific and Australasia 567Kate Burridge and Bernd Kortmann

New Zealand English: phonology 580Laurie Bauer and Paul Warren

Regional and social differences in New Zealand: phonology 603Elizabeth Gordon and Margaret Maclagan

Maori English: phonology 614Paul Warren and Laurie Bauer

Australian English: phonology 625Barbara M. Horvath

Regional characteristics of Australian English: phonology 645David Bradley

Australian Creoles and Aboriginal English: phonetics and phonology 656Ian G. Malcolm

Bislama: phonetics and phonology 671Terry Crowley

Solomon Islands Pijin: phonetics and phonology 690Christine Jourdan and Rachel Selbach

Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea: phonology 710Geoff P. Smith

Hawai'i Creole: phonology : . . . . 729Kent Sakoda and Jeff Siegel

Fiji English: phonology 750Jan Tent and France Mugler

Norfolk Island-Pitcairn English: phonetics and phonology 780John Ingram and Peter Muhlhdusler

viii Contents of volume 1

Africa, South and Southeast AsiaRajend Mesthrie (ed.)

Introduction: varieties of English in Africa and South and Southeast Asia 805Rajend Mesthrie

Nigerian English: phonology 813UlrikeB. Gut

Nigerian Pidgin English: phonology 831Ben Elugbe

Ghanaian English: phonology 842Magnus Huber

Ghanaian Pidgin English: phonology 866Magnus Huber

Liberian Settler English: phonology 874John Victor Singler

Cameroon English: phonology 885Augustin Simo Bobda

Cameroon Pidgin English (Kamtok): phonology 902Thaddeus Menang

East African English (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania): phonology 918Josef Schmied

White South African English: phonology. . . 931Sean Bowerman

Black South African English: phonology 943Bertus van Rooy

Indian South African English: phonology 953Rajend Mesthrie

Cape Flats English: phonology. 964Peter Finn

St. Helena English: phonology 985Sheila Wilson

Indian English: phonology . 992Ravinder Gargesh

Pakistani English: phonology 1003Ahmar Mahboob and Nadra Huma Ahmar

Contents of volume 1 ix

Singapore English: phonology 1017Lionel Wee

Malaysian English: phonology 1034Loga Baskaran

Philippine English: phonology 1047Ma. Lourdes G. Tayao

SynopsesThe editors

Synopsis: phonological variation in the British Isles 1063Clive Upton

Synopsis: phonological variation in the Americas and the Caribbean 1075Edgar W. Schneider

Synopsis: phonetics and phonology of English spoken in the Pacificand Australasian region 1089Kate Burridge

Synopsis: the phonology of English in Africaand South and Southeast Asia 1099Rajend Mesthrie

Global synopsis: phonetic and phonological variationin English world-wide 1111Edgar W. Schneider

Index of subjects. 1139Index of varieties and languages 1161