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O O FORM 2O28
HANDBOOK OF
12-INCH HOWITZER RAILWAY MOUNT
MODEL OF 1918
(THIRTY-SEVEN PLATES)
ED JULY 3-19--1OO
LIBRARY
GENERAL STAFFtOLLEGE
S ARMY 3mdash7279
OF
US ARMY MILITARY HISTORY INSTITUTE $353
War Department eff ice of the Oiief of Ordnance
Washington t 1919laquo
Ohis Manual i s published for the information and guidance
of the Army of the United states
By Qr4laquor of The Secretary of Warraquo
4 CraquoC Williams laquo Gent0rdDeptbull USraquoA
Chief of Ordnance
bullL bull
PROPERTY OF TH^ US ARMY
2317JI
TABLE 0 CONTENTS
FART 1
1 2 H o w i t z e r R a i l w a y M o u n t M o d e l o f 1 9 1 8
S e c t i o n A - G e n e r a l D e s c r i p t i o n bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo raquo bull bull raquo
( a ) D e s c r i p t i o n laquo laquo laquo bull bull bull
( b ) O p e r a t i o n bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull laquo bull
S e c t i o n B - R e c o i l M e c h a n i s m laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n C - R e c u p e r a t o r a n d L i q u i d P u m p laquo bull laquo bull bull laquo bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n D - E l e v a t i n g M e c h a n i s m bull bull bull bull laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n E - T r a v e r s i n g M e c h a n i s m bull bull bull laquo bull raquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo
S e c t i o n F - A n t i - F r i c t i o n D e v i c e bull bull bull bull bull laquo bull raquo laquo bull bull bull bull laquo bull bull
S e c t i o n G - A s i m u n i t i o n C r a n e bull bull raquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo bull lt bull
S e c t i o n H - C a r p r o p e r bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull
S e c t i d n HI - T r u c k s laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo laquo
S e c t i o n J - B r a k e s bull raquo raquo bull bull bull bull raquo laquo bull laquo laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo
S e d t i o n K - D r a f t G e a r a n d F r e n c h C o u p l e r laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
( a ) D r a f t g e a r bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
( b ) T o c o u p l e t h e c a r laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo bull bull bull bull laquo laquo bull
( c ) T o u n c o u p l e t h e c a r bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
( d ) F r e n c h c o u p l e r bull raquo raquo bull bull laquo bull raquo bull
( e ) T o c o u p l e t h e c a r raquo laquo bull bull bull bull laquo laquo bull bull bull bull
( f ) T o u n c o u p l e t h e c a r raquo laquo v laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo
S e c t i o n L - J a c k s bull bull bull laquo raquo bull bull raquo bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo
( a ) T o r a i s e c a r v i t h s c r e w j a c k s bull laquo bull bull bull bull raquo bull
( b ) T o l o w e r c a r ^ i t h s c r e w j a c k s bull | bull bull bull bull laquo bull bull laquo raquo raquo
S e c t i o n M - F o u n d a t i o n bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull - raquo bull bull laquo bull bull bull bull
2 3 1 7 6
- 2 shy
P a g copy
( a ) T o p l a c e f o u n d a t i o n f o r t r a v e l i n g bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull
(b) To d i s a s s e m b l e f o u n d a t i o n and load f o r firing
3~oioa E ~ O u t r i g g e r s raquo bull lt bull laquo laquo laquo lt bull bull bull laquo bull bull
(a) T o pl a c e end outrigger f o r f i r i n g laquo laquo laquo
(b) T o plcoe side outrigger for firing-o bull
(c) To adjust f c r s w on outriggerraquo o laquo lt gt bull
(d) To aija^t f l o a t s bull laquo laquo laquo raquo laquo raquo
( e ) T o p l r o e e n d o u t r i g g e r s t r u t f o r c a r r y i n g
(j ) T o gpound-e s i d e o u t r i g g e r s t r u t f o r c a r r y i n g bull raquo bull bull bull bull
( g T o p l a c e f l o a t s a n d f o o t p l a t e s f - o r c a r r j ^ i n g bull bull bull raquo bull
S e c t i o n 0 - AjT jUi ro tdon R a n d J i n g - c laquo bull c gt bull
S e c t i o n P - M u s z i e S u p p e r I laquo bull laquo 4 laquo
(fvx) D e s c r i p t i o n bull bull bull laquo laquo
( b ) T o P l a c e M u z a l e S u p p o r t raquo
S e c t i o n Q -bull C h e s t s I
S e c t i o n R - C a m o u f l a g e bull bull bull laquo raquo
( a ) D e s c r i p t i o n bull bull raquo raquo bull raquo bull bull bull
( b ) P a i n t s bull
( c ) T o A p p l y t h e P a i n t
( d ) T o R e m o v e t h e P a i n t bull
P A R T I I
I n s p e c t i o n a n d M a i n t e n a n c e o f M o u n t laquo bull bull
S e c t i o n A - C a r e o f r e c o i l m e c h a n i s m raquo bull bull bull bull raquo bull
(a) In General bull
(b) To Dismount recoil mechanism
(c) To assemble recoil mechanism bull laquo laquo raquo
(d) To Fill Recoil mechanism
13176
3 a
( e ) T o p a c k s t u f f i n g b o x raquo laquo bull bull bull
( f ) To c l e a n r e c o i l c y l i n d e r bull bull
SECTION B - 0 a t e of R e c u p e r a t o r gt
( a ) i n G e n e r a l bull
( b ) T o d i s m o u n t r e c u p e r a t o r raquo bull laquo bull bull bull laquo bull bull bull
( c ) To a s s e m b l e r e c u p e r a t o r laquo laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull
(d) To fill recuperator raquo bull laquo bull
(e) To pack stuffing box laquo
(f) To clean recuperator cylinder and plunger bull bull bull bull bull
23176
3 b
SECTION C - C a r e of e l e v a t i n g m e c h a n i s m
P a g e
( a ) T o d i s m o u n t e l e v a t i n g m e c h a n i s m
( b ) To a s s e m b l e e l e v a t i n g m e c h a n i s m
SECTION D - C a r e of t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m
( a ) To d i s m o u n t t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m bull laquo bull laquo bull
( b ) To a s s e m b l e t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m
S e c t i o n E - C a r e of a n t i - f r i c t i o n D e v i c e laquo
( a ) To d i s m o u n t a n t i - f r i c t i o n d e v i c e bull bull bull
( b ) To a s s e m b l e a n t i - f r i c t i o n d e v i c e bull raquo laquo
S e c t i o n F shy C a r e of A m m u n i t i o n C r a n e lt
( a ) To d i s m o u n t a m m u n i t i o n c r a n e
( b ) To a s s e m b l e a m m u n i t i o n c r a n e
S e c t i o n G - C a r e of t r u c k s
( a ) To r e m o v e t r u c k s raquo
( b ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a n d a s s e m b l e t r u c k s bull bull bull bull raquo
( c ) To p a c k j o u r n a l b o x e s
( d ) To r e p l a c e j o u r n a l b e a r i n g s bull raquo bull
( e ) To p l a c e t r u c k s u n d e r c a r
S e c t i o n H - C a r e of B r a k e s raquo bull bull bull
( a ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a i r b r a k e
( b ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a n d a s s e m b l e h a n d b r a k e a
( c ) T O a s s e m b l e a i r b r a k e raquo bull bull
(d) To clean and o i l brake cy l inde r
(e) To clean and oil triple valve
(f ) To clean centrifugal dirt collector
23176
Page
( g ) To t a k o up shoe wear bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull bull bull lt
( h ) To r e p l a c e b r a k e s h o e s bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n I - Care of j a c k s bull bull raquo bull bull bull raquo bull raquo laquo bull bull
( a ) To d i s a s s e m b l e s c r e w j a c k s laquo
( b ) To a s s e m b l e s c r e w j a c k s laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull gt bull bull bull bull
( c ) Care and o i l i n g of s c r ew j a c k s bull bull
( d ) Care of a u x i l i a r y j a c k s laquo bull bull bull
PART I I I
S e c t i o n A - P r e c a u t i o n s t o b e obse rved b e f o r e f i r i n g bull bull bull
S e c t i o n B - P r e c a u t i o n s t o be obse rved b e f o r e t r a v e l l i n g bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n C - L i s t of g r e a s e cups and handy o i l e r s laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
PART IV - L i s t of P a r t s
PART V - T a b l e of Weights and Dimens ions
PART VI - L i s t of T o t a l Equipment
13175
~5 shy
List of Plates _
I - 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Right Side Elevation
II bull 12-inch Howitzer Rarilwey Mouvjt Left Side Elevation ltraquo
I I I 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Longitudinal Section
IV 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Plan View
Vlaquo 12-indc1 Howitzer Railway Mount Ftfoi-it Viev
VI 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Rear View
VII Recoil Cylinder Assembly
VIII Recuperator Assemblybull
IX Liquid Pump and Piping Arrangement
Xlaquo Liquid Pump Assembly
XIraquo Elevating Assembly
XII Foot lever Assembly
XIII Traversing Assembly
XIV Anti-frriction Device Assembly
XV Loading Assemblyraquo
XVI platform^Assembly Right Side
XVII Platform Assembly Left Side
XVIII Frame Assembly
XIX Air Brake Assembly Front
XE Air Brake Assembly Rear
XXI Lever Assembly Plan View
XXIIbull Lever Assembly Side View
XXIII Outrigger Assembly
YYIV Foundation Assembly
XXV Jack Assembly
23176--
- 6 shy
XXVI Equipment Assemblylaquo
XXVII Ammunition Crane Assembler
XXVIII Weight distribution diagram
XXIX Air Brake Cylinder Type D 10X12
XXX jampuailiary reservoir Type D
XXXI Centrifugal dirt collector
XXXII Truck Assembly
XXXIII Triple Valve K-2
XXXIVD Camcu Isgeraquo
XXXVC Car frame French couplers
XXXVIe Buffer Assembly
XXXVII Draft Gear Assembly
2317$
_^2-Jampich Bovitzer_R^
_Model of 1918
Section A - General Description
(a) Descript ionlaquo
Refer to plates I II III IV V and VI
for l i s t of pgta-ts with their piece mrks and the material of which they
are made see page
The mount is designed to permit the Howitzer to be traversed
through 360 degreoSy elevated from minus 5 to plus 60 degrees and fired
from 20 to 60 degrees
The principal parts of the mount are the base plate which is
a part of the car proper racer distance ring and traversing rcopyllers side
frames cradle recoil system recuperator system traversing and elevating
mechanisms elevation quadrant panoramic sight loading tray loading
and working platforms and car proper including body trucks brakes and
couplers together with outriggers floats jacks and foundation details
The base plate is a one piece casting used as the center secshy
tion of the car proper and bolted to the car frame on each end The
lower roller path is machined on the upper side and a pintle surface is
machined on the outer side of the vertical annular flange on the inner
side of this flange the traversing rack is bolted
The racer is cast in one piece and has i ts lover surface machshy
ined forming the upper roller path corresponding to the lower roller
path on the base plate The inner vertical surface is machined to form
the female part of the pintle The outer vertical surface is machined and
graduations are engraved forming an azimuth circle
23175
There are 640 divisions of 10 mils each the 0 graduation
being on the left side of the racer 45 degrees left of gear- Ihe
aximuth pointer is of gernian silver graduated from 0 to 10 mils and is
fastened to a builb up bracket bolted to the base plate Five clips
engaging the under side of the base plate flange and boltedto the
racer prevent any relative vertical movement o the racer with the base
plate Dust guards are bolted to the ou-ter surface of the racer preshy
venting dust and dirt from entering the traversing roller system and
pintle bearing
The traversing roller system consists of forty conical rollers t
held in a radial position by the distance ring1 and kept concentric with
the pintle by flanges on the inner edges of the rollers in contact vith
the inner edge of the roller path on the base ring Handy oilers are
located on the outsdde Vertical surface of tlje racer vith oil tubes
leading to continuous oil gutters cut in the distance ring for the disshy
tribution of oil to the rollers
The side frames are bolted to tkcopy upper surface of the racer
and held together by the front and rear transom this unit supports
the tipping parts of the mount
The cradle supported in the side frames by its trunnions
serves as a slide way for the hbvitzer when recoiling and carries the
recoil and recuperator systems bull The loading platform of structural
steel extends to the rear of the mount and is held in place by supports
fastened to the rear transom and side frames Tne platform is constructshy
ed with an opening in the center for the howitzer to recoil through
This opening is covered by a folding platform iji two sections connected
23176
mdash9mdash
together and to the loading plajtfora by hinges This platform is down
vu loading and folded back vhen firing On the right side of the
mount is the elevating platform which is folded in vhen traveling A
loading tray built up of structural steel is bolted to the goading platshy
form and is constructed to carry three projectiles at a tims Cranes
on the rear of the loading platform hoist the projectiles from the amshy
munition table on the car floor tothe loading tray i| shell trough placshy
ed in the breech of the Howitzer and resting on the loading tray is usdd
to slide the projectile and powder into the Howitzer The car has a cast
steel center vhlch serves as a base plate and roller path for the travershy
sing parts of the mount and structural steel ends all mounted on standard
six wheel trucks The car servesas a firing platform and transport
vehicle vihen in transport the entireweight rests upon the trucks in the
ordinary way but in firing the car is raised by jacks beams and cross-
t ies then placed underneath and the car lowered thereon relieving the
weight from the trucks The outriggers are then set out against the woodshy
en floats backed by the earth to resist the recoil when the howitzer is
fired
An ammunition trough and table are located on the car floor
and ammunition is brought from the ammunition car to the trough and slid
down to the table which holds seven projectiles
The recoil mechanism recuperator elevating and traversing
bullmechanism anti-friction device crane jacks outriggers trucks car
proper air brakes draft gear and ammunition table will each be desshy
cribed in detail later
2317
-10shy
(b) Operation
The piece i s la id in azimuth by the combined usec of the
panoramic sight or azimuth c i r c l e and the t raversing mechanism Elevashy
t ion is obtained by se t t ing the quadrant at the elevation required and
rota t ing the piece in elevation by the elevating mechanism
Upon f i r ing the Howitzer recoi ls in the cradle a maximum
distance of 375 inches carrying with i t the recoi l band and piston
pul l rods and plunger of the recuperator The energy of recoi l of the
howitzer is absorbedby the resistance which the f lu id in the hydraulic
cylinders offers in being forced through the openings past the pistonslaquo
A portion of the energy of recoi l suff icient to return the howitzer into
ba t t e ry i s absorbed by compressing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder
The return of the piece into bat tery is eased by bullbull-he action of the counter
reco i l buffers which force the f lu id from the cylinder heads through
the small clearance past the cylinder head bushings
SECTION B - RECOIL MECHANirM
Refer to Plate VII
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material
of which they are made see page
The recoi l system operates on th3vpoundrincipal of the hydraulic
brake and is designed to l imit the distance aid regulate the velocity
with which the howitzer moves to the rear when fired
A small portion of the reco i l energy is taken up by compressshy
ing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder but he greater portion is taken
up by tho resis tance the l iquid in the reco i l cylinder offers to being
forced through the or i f ices formed b the t h r o t t l i n g grooves The width
-11shy
of these grooves is uniform but the depth is proportioned so that ths
areas of the orifices varying with the position of the piston during
recoil will be such as to give with the air in the recuperator a conshy
stant resistance throughout the length of recoilbull
In front of the piston the piston rod is extended to form a
buffer This buffer is flatted so thqt the escape of liquid during
counter-recoil through the varying clearances between this and the reshy
coil cylinder head bushing will offer auch resistance as will control
the motion of the howitzer during its return to battery linen the fceccil
piston is in normal recoil position the end of the buffer is back in the
cylinder a distance about 17raquo375 inches from the cylinder head bushing
As the recoil piston travels towards the cylinder head during counter
recoil i t pushes some of the liquid ahead of it into th4 cylinder head
and Tahen the buffer reaches and begins to enter the cylinder head bushshy
ing the cylinder head is filled with the liquid
The recoil mechanism consists of two cylinders fitted in and
locked to cylindrical bosses on the under side of cradle by special nutsshy
Each is closed at the front end by a cylinder head and at the rear end by
a stuffing box The throttling grooves above referred to are three in
number symmetrically located with respect to the longitudinal axis of
the cylinder The piston rod projects through the rear of the cylinder
and is held in the recoil band by two nutsraquo The rear nut should be screwed
up lightly to allow the piston rod to adjust itself in the recoil band
When the piece is fired the piston and piston rod move to the rear with
the recoil band which is attached to the howitzer while the cylinders reshy
main stationary in the cradle A stuffing box with packing and follower
is used to make a tight joint between the piston rod and rear end of cylrU
in front of the stuffing box there is a leather washer which
prevents the l iquid in the cylinder from leaking through the threads
of the stuffing box and also during recoi l keeps the pressure of the
l iqu id from act ing d i rec t ly on the packing in the stuffing box The
cylinder head i s screwed into the front end of the recc i l cyl inder A
bushing i s screwed into the opening of the head to insure proper c learshy
ance for the buffer A tongue and groove with a lea ther washer makes a
t i gh t ftoint between the eylinder and head
_SfiCTION C - RECUPERATOR
Refer t o Plates VIII IX and X
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The recuperator consists of an a i r chanibrer a piston and i t s
packings a plunger and i t s yoke and pu l l rods The pietcn and plunger
s l i de in the cyl indr ica l part of the a i r chamberbull The pis-son rod has a
bearing in the front end of the plunger At t h i s end of th plunger a
yoke connects i t with the pu l l rods which in turn are fastened in the
front by a bracket and in the rear direct t o the reco i l band
The a i r chamber consis ts of a hollow cyl indr ica l forging open
in the front and closed in the rear The cy l indr ica l part in front in
wnich the piston and plunger moveS| i s f i t t e d with a lining of special
watert ight bronze The plunger i s of tfye same material as the l i ne r and
i s machined t o take the piston rod l iquidf and s tuff ing box The plunger
screwed to the yoke and secured by set scraws i s driven at recoi l by the
two pu l l rods which are fastened to the r s co i l band and t r ave l with i t
pu l l rodShave bearings in bushings fixed in lugs on the c rad le 1h3
2 7
-13shy
joint between the plunger and the liner is made tight by a leather
packing held in place by a stuffing box Flax packing held in the stuffshy
ing box by a gland makes the joint between the plunger and the stuffing
box tight A felt washer held by a steel ring and screwedvto the gland
prevents sand or grit from entering the plunger packings
The air chamber or recuperator cylinder plusmn3 locked in a cyshy
lindrical bO3s on the top part of the cradle by a cylinder clamp lock
Flattened places on the pull rod bushings matching up with similar ones
on the shoulder prevent the recuperator cylinder from rotating
The piston consists of a head of special watertight bronze
screwed on a steel rod Ihe front part of the rod is fitted with a bronze
casing and slides in a bearing in the plunge- Its threaded end beyond
the casing is fitted with a nut and washer limiting in the rear the disshy
placement of the piston with respect to the plunger Tallowed flax packshy
ing held by a bronze ring and piston washer held against this ring by
a follower make a tight joint between the piston and cylinder liner A
spring held in place by a nut pinned to the rod presses the f ollower
to the rear against the piston washer
The joint between the piston rod and plunger is similar to that
between the plunger and the cylinder liner
The space in front of the piston and in the plunger is filled with
a solution of glycerine and water the same as in the recoil cylinders
This liquid acts as a seal for the joint between the piston and the liner
and a stop between piston and plunger at counter-recoil
hi air valve body fitted with two needle valves one for filling
and one for emptying is screved in the rear end of the recuperator cylinlor
and connected by tubing to the air pipe connection on the cradle An cb- bull
-14shy
feube runs from this to the pressure gauge hi opening in th-e pipe
connection is used to attach the coiled tube when charging the cylinder
with a i r The opening is closed with a plug when not in use
At the front end of the recuperator cylinder a liquid valve
is bolted and connected by copper tubing to the liquid pipe connection
on the cradle Another tube runs from this to the pressure gauge and
a third to the liquid pump Liquid is poured into the pump through
the opening in the top and pumped through the tubing into the plunger
The liquid pump is fastened to a steel plate support to vhich
is also fastened the two pressure gauges This support is bolted to the
upper part of the cradle on the left sidebull
The pump consists of a pump case or reservoir for the solushy
tion of glycerine and water in the bottom of which is fixed the body
of the pump This contains the inlet valve the outlet valve and the
relief valve and the pump body nut A plunger operated by a lever crank
and link with bearings in the cover and body nut operate in the pump
body (see Plate X)
The relief valve screwed in the top of the pump body has a valve
stem relief spring and capraquo The relief spring is designed to allow the
liquid to blow off at from 2200 to 2500 lbs qpad insures no danampge to the
pump from excess back pressures This spring should never be tampered
with $e t- is adjusted by the manufacturer and tested to function at the
proper pressure If the liquid pump fails to function and there is
practically no resistance offered when the pump lever is operated it nhovs
that there is a back pressure of air in the mechanism To overcome this
disconnect the liquid pipe where i t joins the three way connoction on the
-15shy
of the cradle and operate the lever for a $ew strokes u n t i l l iquid
begins t o flow Reconnect the l iquid pipe to the three way connection
and pump l iquid into the recuperator plunger u n t i l the piston rod washer
just clears the rear gland
SECTION D - ELEVATING MECHANISM
Refer to Pirate XI and XJI
For l i s t of pstrts with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The elevating mechanism consis ts of an elevating rack attached
t o r ight side of the cradle meshing with a pinion which i s operated by
a handwheel through spur g e a r s The spur gearing is supported by the
gear p l a t e and side frame provided -with bronze bushings A band brake
with foot control i s provided to prevent any movement of t he t ipping par ts
when the gun i s f i r e d One turn of the handwheel clockwise elevates the
gun 192 degrees
Refer to Plate XXII
For l is t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page i
The t ravers ing mechanism consis ts of a c i rcular rack fastened to
the base ring and meshing with a pinion bullwhich 1s operated by a handwheel
through a worm and worm wheel The pinion meshing with the rack i s keyed
to the lower end of the v e r t i c a l t ravers ing shaft Tnis shafct has i t s
lower bearing in the t ravers ing shaft bracket ^jhich is bolted to the
racer and i t s upper bearing in the t ravers ing ^ear case which i~ bol-f-oa
t o the le f t side frame The worm whe 3i keyed so bhe upper end cf tho zy-ui
bull46shy
is in mesh with the worm which is keyed to the worm shaft The worn
shaft has both of i t s bearings in the gear case and a handwheel on one
end iThe worm wheel worm and worm shaft are inclosed in the gear case
1W gear case cover has a lug to take the leveling screw bearing pin of
the -sight
SECTION F r
Refer to Plate XXV
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The anti-friction device is designed to relieve the load of the
tipping parts from the main trunnion and ease the elevating and depressing
of the gun It donsists of tvo small trunnions bearing supports adjustshy
ing screws and Belleville springsraquo bull
The weight of the tipping partsr is supported on the small
trunnions and transmitted to the Belleville springs by the bearing supports
and seats The adjusting screvs are tightened up until the crdldle trun^ i
nions have a clearance in the s i i e frame bearings at a l l points This
makes the en t i re elevating load come on the small trunnions and reduces
the handwheel load When the Howitzer i s f i red the Bel lev i l le springs are
compressed and the f i r ing load comes on the side frame bearings
SECTION G - AMMUNITION CRANE f
Refer t o Plate XXVII
For l i s t of pa r t s with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they a r e made see page
Tvo ammunition cranes are bolted to the rear corners of tho
loading platform for use 3a hois t ing ammunition from the ground or amshy
munition t ab l e to the loading t ray bull 2 ampbullgt
For hpistang the 700-pound p ro jec t i l e the shot tongs should
be pdjined d i r e c t l y t o the open socket at the end of the wire-rope For
use with a heavier p ro j ec t i l e an extra sheave block vith a craaae hook
attached- i s provided The wire rope vith the open socket attached^ may
be passed through the blockj by removing one of the p la tes and pinning
t o the mast The shot tangs ^Should then be placed on the crane hook
These two arrangements are shown on p la te XXVII
A section through the drum gearing and f r ic t ion srafetyydevice^
i s shovai on p la te XXVII The cranks may be released with the load dji
any position^ and by v i r tue of the f r i c t i o n safety device the mechanism
wi l l not overhaul The pawl should at a l l times be lef t an mesh with the
ra tche t To insure proper functioning t h i s mechanism should be kept
well lubricated She cranks and the mechanism housed in the drum bracket
should- under no circumstances^ be dismantled in the f ield
l M CAR PROPERj
Refer to Plate XVIII
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Ihe car proper serves as a t ransport f or the travels ing par ts
of the mount outrigger f l o a t s foot p la tes and for the c ross t ies and
bu i l t up H-beams of the foundation platform Ihen lowered on the foundashy
t ion platform i t serves as an emplacement
The car proper consists of a drop frame type of bqdyj vith ends
b u i l t up of s t ruc tu ra l s t e e l p la tes and shapes vitha cast s t e e l center
mounted on tvo six-wheel railway trucks I t i s equipped with four screw
jacks which are used f i r s t t o ra i se the car suff ic ient ly t o allow ths
groundplatf orm to be placed in posit ion under i t and then t o lower uho
-18shy
car until i ts weight rests on the crossties and through them to the
built up H-beams which are spiked to the rail t i e s There are also ffi
outriggers which are set out against wooden floats sunkin pits and back-
ed by earth The outriggers serve to keep the mount stationary during
firing
The over-all dimensions of the car body ends which as stated
above are built up of structural steel shapes and plates are length
12 feet 75 inches width 8 feet 55 inches The underframe is comshy
posed of two center si l ls four intermediate s i l l s and four side siljs
connected to a base plate in the center of the car which forms the lower
level of the car body Ihese si l ls are tied together ^t each end by
channel and s i l l s and cross braced by a body bolster 5 feet 95 inches
from each end The floor plate covering the sil ls consists of four steel
platesbull A step and a hand hold or grab iron is provided at each corner
SECTION I - Trucks
Refer to Plate XXXII
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The trucks of which there are two are of built up type the
frame being made up of plates and steel castings The center portion of
the frame is a steel casting forming a bolster and is riveted to the side
pieces Separate MraquoCraquoBlaquo center plates are riveted to the top of the
bolsters- Side bearings consisting of steel plates held in position by
cast recesses are placed on 45-inch centers The vertical distance from
the side bearing surface to the center plate ie 275 inches Steel
ings are riveted to the side^plates which fern the pedestals
-19shy
Th e journals a re standard MCB amppound x 10 and 28-inch wheampls
of ro l l ed s t e e l are pressed on the a x l e s
The loading on the t rucks r s t ransmitted t o the journals by )
s emi -e l l i p t i c springs and equalizers The equalizers bear on the journal
boxes and t h e i r outer ends are supported by coi l springs held dn place by
the pedestal cast ings
Inside hung brakes are applied on four wheels of each truck
The brake beams are MCraquoB No 4 t russed type with shoes keyed to heads
The beams are hung from brackets cast on the t ruck frames Separate cast
s t e e l lugs are riveted on both sides of the bols ter for connecting the
dead lever guides on one side and the l ive lever guides on the1 other
J -VBRAKESJL
Refer to Plates XIX XX XXI XXII XXIX XXX XXXI XXXIII
For Lis t of pa r t s vith t h e i r piece narks and the materialsof
which they are rcade see page
The car i s equipped vith both hand and airbrakes operated by^the
same system of levers and so arranged tha t e i ther can be applied independshy
ently I t i s necessary to apply the handbrakes at each end separa te ly
The ai rbrakes are connected by the t r a i n l i n e pipe and operated simshy
ul taneous ly Detached brake cylinders and reservoi rs Westinghouse type
D 10 x 12 See p la tes XXIX and XXX) are provided with K-2 t r i p l e valves
(See p l a t e XXXIII)raquo There i s also a centr i fugal d i r t co l l ec to r (See p la te
XXXI) and the necessary pipes valves and connections for f re igh t car
equipment
P la tes XIX and XX show the arrangement of brake pa r t s a t e i ther
end of the mount From these pla tes i t w i l l be seen tha t the handbrakes
2317amp
-20shy
can be applied without disturbing the piston in the brake-cylindershy
the piston rod being made up of tubing in which the cylinder push rod
slides It will be further noted that the handbrake staff is connected
to a horizontal lever by means of a pull rod and chain The horizontal
lever is connected to the brake cylinder on one end andto the truck
live lever on the other end by means of rods and levers
The reservoirs are equipped with a valve operated by a rod
which can be pulled to release the air brakes quickly when desired
Ihe triple valve governs the flow of air allowing air to pass
from the train line into the reservoir and from the reservoir to the
cylinders liVhen pressure in the train line is reduced the triple valve
admits air from the reservoir into the cylinder and when pressure in the
train line is again raised the triple valve closes the passage of air
from the reservoir to the cylinder and at the same time allows the air
in the cylinder to escape into the atmosphere This automatically reshy
leases the brakes The reservoir is again recharged from the train line
to the required pressure These operations are effected by opening or
closing of ports in the triple valve by variations in the air pressure
A dirt collector located between the triple valve and the train
line collects dirt from the air before i t passes into the triple valve
The dirt thus collected may be blown out of the dirt collector by openshy
ing a valve at its bottom
_SEC_TION K - DRAFT GEAR AND FRTiNCH COUPLERS
(a) Draft Gear Refer t o p l a t e XXXVII
For l i s t of p a r t s vith t h e i r piece marks and the mater ia l of
which they are made see page bull
2317$
-21shy
The draft gear is known as the Westinghouse friction Type
The V-estinghouse friction parts are enclosed in a drum which is so applied
between cast steel draft lugs to receive the buffing and pulling shocks
The coupler is Gould Coupler Companys pattern Z-201
(b) To Couple the Car
One man-required Tools needed none Car pusher can be used if locomotive is not
available
(1) Set the handbrakes on car enough to keep-it from moving easily
when bumped
(2) Gpen the knuckle on car by lifting the handle of the uncoupling
lever This movement will f i r s t unlock the knuckle so i t can be pulled
open but continuing the movement of uncoupling lever will throw the
knuckle open without the necessity of going in front of or between the
cars When the knuckle of either car i s open i t is only necessary to
Erring the cars together until the open knuckle closes aftd i t will lcopyck
aut orcat ic al 1 y
(c) To uncouple car
(l) Raise the uncoupling lever on one car enough to release the
knuckle and the cars may be pulled apart
(d) French Coupler - Refer to Plates XXXV and XXXVI
For l i s t of parts wiflitheir piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page bull
The bumper blOGks are of white oak each secured to the end s i l l
channels by six 1-inch diameter and two 15-inch diameter bolts To
these blocks the buffers safety chains and parts of the draft hooks are
fastened as shovai on Plate XXXV
The screw couplers safety chains and buffers conform to the
standard now adopted for US Government freight cars in France With
t h i s arrangement and when the car i s connected to the ammunition car
or some other car the couplers draw them together producing compression
in the buffer spr ings
At each end of the car there are two different types of buffers
one with a f l a t buffing surface and the other with a curved surface
Similar buffers are located diagonally opposite on the car in order that
when the cars are coupled together the f l a t buffer of one car will butt
against the curved buffer of the next car This i s done to prevent
damage to buffers when t ra in is rounding a curve
The buffrer housing which contains the compression spring and
ac ts as a guide for the buffer i s bolted to the bumper block by four
bol ts bull A buffer p la te however i s placed between the buffer housing and
the bumper block to give a bet ter bearing surface The large end of the
spring referred to above res ts against a c i rcular p la te and the small end
against the buffer In order to prevent the spring from pushing these
tvo apart a 1875-inch diameter pin is provided which has a head at one
end amdl a t the other end a key projecting through the pin and a collarlaquo
The above mentioned c i rcular p la te se ts up into the buffer housing fqr
enough to allow clearance between the bumper block and the buffer plate
for the col lar and key but i t is prevented from being pushed back by a
cast s t ee l ring bolted to the buffer p l a t e
The draft hook projects through the bumper block end s i l l and
cast s t ee l draft spring stop to a cast s t ee l block which is held to i t by
a nut and s p l i t pin This l a t t e r block i s guided by lugs on the center
23175
sampll and takes the thrust of the compression spring which is seated
at i t s large end on tho draft spring stop rivetedto the center s i l l
of car The draft hook is also guided by another cast steel block restshy
ing against the1draft hook plate and bolted to a bumper block The
shoulders of the draft hook butt up- against this block when released
thus stopping i ts inward motion
The screw coupling is fastened by a pin vith cotter to a
hole in the draw hook It consists of the yoke attached to the draw
hook a clevis for hooking to the next car and a right and left hand
screw to draw the yokes and clevis togetherbull Attached to the middle
of the screw is an arm with a ball at the end which is used as a handle
to operate the screw The right hand threads on one side of this handle
screws through a pin holding the y6kes together The left hand threads
on the other side of the handle screw through a similar pin connected to
the clevis These pins are held in place by cotter pins A screv couplshy
ing is provided at each end of the car but when the train is made -up
only one coupling is used at each connection Mien not in use the loose
end of the coupling is swung on a hook attached to the draft hook plate
under the bumper blocks
Safety chains one on either side ox the draft hook serve as a
coupling in case the screw coupling or draw hooks are out of order These
consist each of a chain and hook fastened to car by an eye bolt The eye
bolt passes through the bumper block and end s i l l and are held in place
by nuts with a split pin To allow a l i t t l e give to the chain four spring
washers are inserted between the end s i l l channel and the nutraquo A cast
steel guide bolted to the bumper block acts as a stop and guide for the
23176
eye bolts and chain
(e) To Couple Cars Refer to Plate XXXVIlaquo
One man required Tools needed^ none
Car pusher can be us 3d if- locomotive is not available
(1) Set hand brako on stationary car (not completely but enough
so that car will move only slightlyif bumped) and bring the cars as
clc-Sff together as buffers will allow
(2) Stampndlig LeUveen cars inside of buffers l i f t one of the screw
couplings from the hook under bumper block and hook staple on draft hook
of other car (if the staple does not reach the hook the coupling will
have to be lengthened by turning the screw with handle)
(3) Tighten screw until there is just enough compression in the
draft hook and buffer springs to make cars ride easily The screw can
be turned easily by raising the ball attached to end of handle in the
proper direction until i t will fal l by i t s own weight thus completing
one turn By repeating above operations the required amount of turns
can be made
(4) Hook the safety chains of one car to the chains of the other
car (5) Connect a ir hose and open angle cock
(6) Release handbrake
(f) To Uncouple Cars
Reverse the process of coupling described above taking care
that the screw coupling is screwed a l l the way out before the staple is
hung on the hook
2317$
^ JL- JACKS
Refer to Platcopy XXV
(a) For l i s t 03 par ts vith t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Four bu i l t in jack screws are located in the corners of the
base p la te d i rec t ly above the r a i l s of a standard gauge t rack
Each jack consists of a ram screw nut r screw gear pinion
pinion stud ratchet pawl ratchet housing and lever
The rain carr ies a nut into which the screw works On the upper
end of the screw i s a screw gear meshing with a pinion on the pinion s tud
A ratchet meshing vith the pinion is turned by a ratchet pawl attached to
the ratchet housing which in turn i s bull operated by a long hand lever
There are two jack blocks 9 inches wide 8 inches high and 5
feet 6 inches long provided vith each ca r These blocks placed across
the r a i l s act as bearings for the jacksraquo In order to raise the car the
jack blocks are placed across the r a i l s so-that the two jackscrews at
each end wil l rest upon them
Four 20-inch 25-ton auxi l iary jacks having a t o t a l r i s e of 9
inches are carried on each railway car and weight-approximately 95 pounds
ea[ch They can be used for emergency purposes or in case the regular
jacks are out of ordershy
(b) To ra ise mount with screw jacks refer to plate XXV
Two men required on each set of jacks (four if both ends of car are to be raised)
Tools needed 4 Jack levers bull
2317 6
(1) Place jack blocks across rails under jacksf The faces
of the block with the bearing surfaces should be next to the rail and
jack screws
(2) Turn jack lever until ends of jack screw bear on the jack
blocking Be sure the jack blocking is correctly placed so as to give
good bearing- 011 rails and continue turning levers until car is high
enough to permit the foundation stringer to be placed under the base
plate then put isu the foundation cross beams
(c) To Lower Car Refer to plate XXV
Reverse procedure as outlined in (b) above
(d) To Raise mount with auxiliary jacks Refer to plate XXV
Two men required Tools needed
4 Auxiliary Jacks
4 Wood blocks about 4 x 4 x 4
(l) Arrange blocking directly under seats of t i e rod bracket
castings The top of this blocking should be about 9 inches below the top
of the rai l in order to get the jacks under the mount
(2) Place auxiliary jacks on these blocks arrange pawl so that
jack will raise when handle is lowered insert handle in socket and raise
by pumping until jack engages with lower surface of base plate Operate
jacks until mount is raised sufficient to place foundation
(3) Remove jacks after foundation is placed
jBCTION M - F0I3N DATION
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXIV
The foundation i s intended to take the load off the car
trucks and t ransfe r i t d i rec t ly to the ground through r a i l t i e s 23176
- 2 7 shy
I t i s nade up of four cross beams which support the side
intermediate and center s i l l s of the car and which in turn transmit the
to t-70 l inos of H-b earns placed para l le l to and outside of the r a i l s
on each side of the track Each l ine of beams is composed of two separate
channel irons bolted to each other and Spiked with screw spikes to the
r a i l t i e s in order to prevent movement
The material for the foundation platform is stored on car in
f rent of ammunition t r a y On the car the H-beams are placed at r ight angles
to the t r ack In tack of the beams the cross t ies are placed These beans
and cross t ies are blocked in front by the outrigger brackets in back by
the loading t rays and on the sides by the outriggers On top of the cross-
t i e s the jack blocks are placed These are held in place by fastening the
rope attached to them to the loading tray legs
(b) To place for f i r i n g - Refer to Pla te XXIV
men needed-
Tools required
3 - 2 x 4 timbers about 3 long for parrying H-b earns
1 - Wrench double 0625 and 0laquo75 U43F
The t rack at the location where the gun is to be placed should be
previously prepared The r a i l s should be leveled up and the ba l las t tamped
well under the t i e s
(1) Remove foundation jack block from car platform and place across
the r a i l s with center l ines d i rec t ly under the screw jacks
(2) Raise the car by means of the screw jacks (See Sect L Division
b
2317 6
-28shy
(3) Remove foundqtion stringers from car platform two to be
placed on either side of the track
(4) Place the stringers under the flange of the base plate as
near the rai l as possible and parallel to the track with the ends of the
stringers on either side of the track approximately opposite each other
(5) Connect the stringers at the center by four 75 x 1375
bolts bull
(6) Remove the cross beans from the car platform
(7) Flace the cross beams under the side sillsr of the car restshy
ing on the foundation stringere
(8) Lower the car by means of the screw jacks until the center
portion of the base plaite rests on the foundation stringers and the ends
of the side intermediate and center s i l ls rest on the cross beams
(9) Screw up jacks until they clear blocking by at least one half
inch before firing
(c) To Disassemble foundation and load for carrying
8 men required Tools neededs
1 wrench double raquo625 and 75 U43F 2 Track wrenches 4712C 1 Crowbar 1243A
To disassemble reverse procedure outlined in (b) above
To load the material on car platforms for carrying proceed as follows
(1) Place crossties on car platform against ammunition tablet
The ends of the crossties should be perpendicular to the tracks
(2) Place H~beams with webs vertical next to crossties
(3) Place jack blocks on crossties and lash to legs of ammunition
table 23170
SECTION N - OUTRIGGERS
( a ) Description Refer to Plate XXIIIbull
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the mat copyrial of
which they are made see page
There are eight outriggers furnished with e^ch mount which
form braces to prevent the mount from tipping over or from sl iding on
the foundation -platform when the gun isrbeing f i r ed
The four end outriggers which are fastened both when and
when not in use to a socket on the side of the car should be used ^ien
the gun i s f ired vith in the sector 45 degrees to the r ight or to the
l e f t of the longitudinal center l ine of the car They are each rnade up
of 6-inch hot drawn Shelby s tee l tubing vith an adjusting scifcew on one
end and an eye and pin on the other The adjusting screw has a ba l l on
the end and can be screved in or out of the nut s t ru t end with a s tee l
rod which f i t s into holes provided next t o the b a l l The fixed end of
the outrigger res ts in asocket casting on the car side and the ball of
the adjusting screwscrests in the foot p la te used to d i s t r ibu te the load
over the wooden f l o a t From the nut s t ru t end to a bracket on the car
d i rec t ly below the outrigger bracket is a t i e rod As the center l ine of
the outrigger s t ru t does not pass through the trunnions of the gun there
i s an overturning tendency when the gun is f i red normal to track The
purpose of the t i e rod i s to counteract t h i s tendency
The four side outriggers which are also fastened to a socket
on the side of the car should be used when the gun is f i red within the
sec tor 45 degrees to the r ight or l e f t of a cross center l ine of the ca r
23176
They ar4 the same in every respect as the end outriggers
The footplates are of cast steel and are used to transmit the
thrust from the struts to the f loats Their lower surfaces are smooth
and the upper parts have sockets to receive the ball ends of the struts
Each float is built up of two layers of Mocking so as to disshy
tribute the ioad from the strut over 20 square feet of ground surface
The lower layer is composed of fine white oak blocks and the upper layer
of three blocks a l l bolted togetlis3raquo There are two angle guides bolted
to the upper surface of the floats for guiding the foot plates
Mien not in use the floats and footplates are placed on the
car platform The floats are piled in an inclined position against the
ammunition trough in the rear of the car The footplates are piled on
the front platform of the car qgnd lean against the ammunition table
The float lashingi for holding the floats in position (See
Plate XXVl) while in transit is composed of five wire ropes fastened toshy
gether by steel rings and turnbuckles When the floats are loaded in
traveling position two of the wire ropes held together by a turnbuckle
are passed around the lower part of the floats and secured to the amshy
munition table by steel rings At the upper part of the float two more
wire ropes are passed around also held together by turnbuckles and seshy
cured to the ananunition table by steel rings The upper lashing is held
in place by the angles on the sides and by another wire rope in the rear
fastened to the platform Turning the turnbuckles tightens the ropes and
holds the floats in place
The footplate lashing for holding the foot plates in position
vhile in transit is composed Of one wire rope with a hook on one end and
23176
- 3 1 shy
a tumbuckle on the other Illhen the pla tes are loaded in traveling posishy
t ion the rope i s fastened to the lower angle of the ammunition tab le and
run diagonally along the foot p la tes from the bottom rear to tfre top front
Ihey are prevented from sl iding forward by an-angle at the f ron t Turning
the turnbuckle t ightens the rope and holds the pla tes in p lace
The s t ru t s and end t i e rods are fixed permanently to the sockets
on the mount and vdien not in use are swung around and hung on the side of
the mount bull The center t i e rods are taken off and placed on top of the
loading platform in back of the front ammunition t a b l e
(b) To Place an End Outrigger for F i r ing
Six men required
Tools needed 2 - 2raquo x 6 inch boards 8 f t long 1 - s l ing of rope about 30 f t long 2 - Shovels 8819A 2 - Picks U51A 1 - Long handled shovel 1 - Axe U51D 1 - 0875 diameter x 24 rod to turn s t r u t adjusting screwshy1 - Crowbar 1243A 1 - Hammer U48F 1 - 2 x 4 timber about 5 long f^rtftatepiftg earth 1 - Rule 1 - Tape measure 4 - Stakes
1 - 1 x 2 board exactly 90 inches long
(1) Move t i e if necessary and lay off oblong on ground 60 x 35
so that one corner of the long side is 56 from center of mount and 28
from center l i ne of trucks and the other corner will be 108 from center
l i ne of mount and 68 from center l ine of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pplusmnb u n t i l sides meet at a depth of 90 from top
of car platform
23176
(3) Loosen up turn bustle of footplate lashing^ and remove a l l foot
plates from platform and place them on ground in a convenient place
(-) Uohooi float lashing and throw to one side away from f loats
Fasten sling around upper f loat Slide i t dovn skids to ground and place
i t in p i t with i t s under surface resting on rear or sloping part of pi t
and with angles s t i l l horizontal
(5) Place a foot plate vdth i t s under surface bearing in the center
and between angles on the f loa t
(D) Lift outrigger strut out of carrying bracket and swing i t arround
on the socket casting and turn adjusting screw up in the strut so as to
isike i t as short as possible If i t is difficult to turn the adjusting
screw the 875 inch diameter rod should be used which f i t s in the holes
next to the ball-end Swing end of outrigger around until the ball is
right over socket of foot plate and turn adjusting screw out until the ball
bears against socket and causes compression in the strut
(7) Remove t i e roduf rom car and fasten to strutbull Turn the tumshy
buckle until rod is t igh t
(8) Pile earth against the part of under surface of float which
projects above the ground level tamping well to give a good bearing for
the whole under surface of float
(c) To Place a side Outrigger for Firing Refer to Plate XXIII
Six men required
Tools needed Same as for (b) above
( l ) Lay off oblong on ground 60 x 55^ so that one oorner of the
long side is IQOfl from center line of mount and 128 back from center line
23176
- 3 3 shy
of trucks and the other end Ls 155 from center line of mount and 128
back from center line of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pit until sides meet in the center of the pit at
a distance of 90 from the top of car platform
(3) Place floats and foot plates in the same manner as for end outshy
riggers
(4) Swing outrigger from mount and turn adjusting screw out until
the ball end bears against sOcket and causes compression in the strut
(5) Remove center t ie rods from car platform and connect to t ie rod
studs ^lowing rod to drop down to lugs on lower part of outrigger beam
and adjust turnbuckle until pin can be inserted in the holes in lugs
(6) Pile earth agpoundpoundnst part of under surface of float which projects
above the ground levellaquo tamping well to give a good bearing for the vhole
surface of floatbull
(7) Remove remaining floats if there are any from end car platshy
form and place them in a convenient place out of the my
(d) Tos Adjust Screw on Outriggers Refer to Plate XXIII
Qne man required
Tools needed
bull875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B
After the gun has been fired i t may be |ound that the outriggers
have packed the earth under the float and that the struts do not bear
firmly against the foot plates After every firing the adjusting screws
should be turned out if necessary in ordefr to make firm bearing As
stated above the adjusting screw should be turned out by means of the
bull875-inch rods which f i t in holes next to the ball end of the strut
23176
bull - 3 4 shy
(amp) To Adjust Floats Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed bull875 diameter by 24-inch rod 106B 1 Crowbar 1243A
If the movement of earth under the floats continues as the
firing goes on until the adjusting screws have reached their outward limit
earth or blocking will have to be placed under the float to give a new
bearing surfacelaquo To do this proceed as follows
(1) Turn adjusting screw up in the struts as irar as i t will go
(2) With crowLars move the foot plates and floats up tovyard the
car keeping their inclination the same as before
(3) Hold the floats in this position by means of wedges and f i l l in
the back of floats with earth or blocks until the whole under surface of
the floats have a firm bearing
(4) Turn adjusting screw out again to give compression in the strut
I t may be necessary also to adjust the length of t ie rod on side outriggers
which can be done by turning turn buckle
(f ) To Place Had Outrigger strut for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed
0875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B Hammer U48F
(1) Remove pin with spli t pin holding end t i e rod to outrigger
strut swing t i e rod around and hang i t on bracket on side of the mount
(2) Turn adjusting screv up on the strut as far as i t vail go
Swing free end of strut around and hanamp i t on bracket on side of mount
23176
- 3 5 shy
(g) To Place Sidcopy Outrigger for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII-
Four men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F -875-inch by 24-inoh rod 106B
(1) Remove pin connecting side t i e rod to outrigger s t r u t remove
t i e rod from bracket and place on car platform (see Plate XXIII)bull
(2) Turn adjusting screw of s t r u t up as far as i t wi l l go- thus
allowing s t ru t to swing free of foot p l a t e shy
(3) Lift free end of s t ru t and swing around on to top of base
p la t e inside of outrigger support
(h) To Place Floats and Foot p la tes for carrying - Refer to
Plate XXVI
Six men required
Tools needed 1 sl ing of 1-inch rope about 30 f t long 1 wrench double 0625 and 0raquo75 U43F 1 pinch bar i crowbar 1243A
(1) Lay foot p la tes to one side raise f i r s t f loa t with crowbar
and then s l ide f loat up skids on to rear platform of car Place f loat
vith long side against ammunition trough and angle side out angles benjig
v e r t i c a l (See Plate XXVI)
(2) Place second i l o a t as abovevwith the under surface of same
res t ing against the angles of the f i r s t f loa t bull
(3) Continue loading f loa t s as in (2) un t i l the l a s t one has been
placed on the mount
(4) Last f loa t s together as described in (a)raquo
23176
-36shy
(5) Place foot p la te on le f t front of car in inclined position
res t ing against ammunition table
(6) Continue loading remaining foot p la tes ampa in (5) un t i l the
l a s t one has been placed on the mount
(7) Laah foot p la tes together as described in ( a )
SECTION 0- - AMMUNITION HANDLING
Refer to Plates XV and XXVII
A t r i p l e x block lowers the ammunition from the ammunition car in
the rear of the mount to the ammunition trough bolted to the platform of
the Howitzer c a r The upper surface of the t ray is bu i l t on an incl ine
do that the ammunition can be s l i d on to a t a b l e This table wil l hold
seven p r o j e c t i l e s The crane (See Sect G ) ho is t s the ammunition from
the table to the loading t ray on the traversing part of the mount ampa inshy
cl ine trough extends from th i s t ray to tike breech of the Howitzer- Two
men then push the pro jec t i l e down the inclined surface into the breech of
the howitzer
ggCTION PVr MUZZLE SUPPORT
(a) Description Refer to Plates I and II
For l i s t of par ts with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The gun when traveling i s held firmly to the mount by a muzzle
support and band The muzzle of the gun res t s on the muzzle support which
in tum is supported by the ammunition trough A wire rope i s passed over
the muzzle and to the ammunition trough by a band latch and hinge On
one end of the vire rope a stud i s fastened in an open socket This stud
f i t s in a hole in the band latch and has a nut on i t By tightening th is
23176
laquo-37shy
nut the rope holds the muzzle- of the gun on the muzzle block
(b) To Place Muzzle Support
One man required
Tools needed 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s 1 - wrench double 0375 and 1 U4-3G
( l ) Depress gun to 0 degrees elevation and traverse to 0 degrees
azimuth having muzzle support block in place
(3) Place gun band over muzzle of gun and fasten to band hinge on
One side and band labrh stud on other side
(3) Screw up nut on band latch stud un t i l band is t igh t on muzzle
of gun
SECTION Q_raquo_ - CHESTS
One tool chest and two armament chests are carried with each mount-
They are made of 062-inch s tee l reinforced by angles on the outsidebull The
p la tes are flanged a t the corners to connect to adjacent p l a t e s Two f l a t
s t raps riveted to the bottom by countersunk r ivets serve to protect the
bottom of the chest
The covers are hinged t o the back of the chests and have catches
On e i ther side to hold them open The coders are locked by a lock bolt
a t each side and by Yale lock in the middle The chests are equipped with
handles on each end
The tool chest i s 4C-inches long 20-inches wide and 24-inches
h igh I t is equipped vith one t ray which res ts on shelf angles This chest
i s carried on the r ight end platform of the mount alongside of the loading
trough when t r a v e l i n g Lug angles bolted to the floor p la tes prevent i t
from shift ing
23175
The armament chests are 4G~inches long 20-inches wide and 12shy
inches high They are equipped with two trays placed on top of each
bdquobull -rltA supported on tne chest bottom
bullWhen the mcunt is traveling these chests are placed on the front
of the car platform just in back of the ammunition t a b l e They are held
in t h i s position with angles which are bolted to the floor p l a t e s
The chests should be removed from mount when in f i r ing position
and placed in some convenient p lace
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXXIV
The mount may be camouflaged using the five color system
following the foliage design vith color key in black and white shown on
Pla te XXXIV
The object of th i s method of painting is to break up the lamprge
surfaces into a number of small sections so as to produce the appearance
of a c lus ter of shrubbery vith patches of l ight and shadow
To completely camouflage the mount i t should be covered with a
semi-transparent camou1 lagcopy canopy of ten t form similar to that used for
tljre 12-in oh Gun Railway Carriage shown on drawings Class 85 Division 22
Drawings 1 2 and 3raquo
(b) Pa)ntslaquo
The pa in ts to be used are the Q Government Camouflage Paints
prepared for the five color sjrstem and in the proportion as follows
applied over a coat of Ordnance Grey and never on bare metal
123455
Brown Yellow Cream Green Mauve Black
No 4041 4C42
4043 4044 4046 4045
-10 3 5 10 2 1
par ts
bullbull deg 23176
- 39shy
Th e paiat numbers referred to above are the US Government
Paijit numbers The parts referred to indicate the relative amounts of
paints of the different colors which will be required to camouflage one
12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount
Each color for convenience should be furnished for use in one
gallon friction top cans with handle Paints should be furnished in the
cans mixed ready for use Mien paint becomes too thick and i t is necessary
to thin use ^linseed oil and turpentine for that purpose being careful
not to use too much turpentine
(c) To Apply the Paint
To apply the paint the surface should be free of all sand
cinders dirt and oil Paint formerly applied and adhering firmly to the
surface need not be removed The section to which the different colors
are to be applied are then laid off in accordance with the design shown
on Plate
After the mount has been properly marked off into the different
sections the colors should be carefully applied care being taken to inshy
sure an even smooth coatf After the different colors have been applied
the lines where the colors meet should be covered with a black band about
one and one quarter inches wide Rrecautions should be taken to see that
the paint is dry and hard before permitting anything to come in contact
with the painted surface
(d) To Remove Paint
The paint may be removed by turpentine or by the use of a paint
torch if care is taken in the use of the flame
pound3 L7
-40shy
MAINTMANCE OFJEHE
SECTION A - Care of Recoil Mechanism
(a) The recoil cylinder should be emptied and refilled once every
three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months or ofterier if
conditions require i t
The liquid inithe recoil cylinder is a solution of esectual parts
glycerine and water- The density of the liquid should be 115 and should
have a neutral or alkaline reaction oaused by adding caustic soda or
caustic potash chemically pure A hydrometer which is kept in the arshy
mament chest whennot in use is furnished to test the solution for densityraquo
This liquid should be filtered through a clean piece of muslin or linen
before using Ihe glycerine should be kept in closed cans provided for
the purpose and be carefully protected from dirt sand and g r i t Liquid
drawn from cylinders and containing sediment must not be used again until
i t has been allowed to set t le for not less than 24 hours
(b) To dismount recoil mechanism Refer to Plate VII
The dismounting of the recoil mechanism should never be undertaken
in the f ield
Four men required one cylinder at a time
Tools neededWrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Buckets Can Screw drivershy U45W gt Wrench single 425 nuts U596D Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower
lt
U596A Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C Wrench recoil cylinders U596B
(1) Elevate the Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plug and drain
liquid from cylinder into buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders
(2) Remove looking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
iod nuts rear
(3) Remove air from recuperator by unscrewing emptying valve on
rear end of recuperator cylinder
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug on the recoil band clears
the end of piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nut front
(5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rod remove follower
gland and packing and screw follower and stuffing box back into the
cylinder
(6) Remove cylinder head weight 174 pounds
(7) Draw piston rod vith piston out through cylinder head end of
cylinder The weight of piston rod vith piston is approximately 392 pounds
care should therefore be used in handling itraquo
(8) Unscrew recoil cylinder and slide cylinder out The cylinder
weighs 628 pounds
(9) Stuffing box follower and leather vasher rray be removed Lockshy
ing screw need not be removed
(c) To Assemble Recoil Mechanism Refer to Plate VII bull
The assembling of the recoil mechanism should never be under
taken in the field
Four men required
Tools needed Wrench recoil cirlinders U596B Screw driver U45S Wrench recoil cylinders U595B Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
- 4 2 shy
Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U595D Screw driver U45W Wrench double 0625 and075 U43F Hand mallet U47AN bull Brass rod 0312 (516) diameter by 12 inches Glycerine and water solution (either new or used) Hydrometer (if solution is new) Filling funnel Can
6 rings of 0375 inch Garlock packing
(1) Insert recoil cylinder in cradle and push i t through until
threads on cylinder come in contact with threads on cradle- Turn cylinder bull
with wrench on flats at stuffing box end until cylinder flange bears fineshy
ly on cradle andnotch in flange at stuffing box end lines up with hole
in cylinder for locking screw
(2) Screw locking screw in cradle
(3) Insert piston rod in cylinder and place leather washer stuffing
box washer stuffing box with gland and follower in place and piston
rod nut (front) on rod when it is pushed through stuffing box end of tcyshy
linder Screw stuffing box in place and ppoundsh piston rod to rear through
recoil band advancing piston rod nut until the distance from the end of
the threaded end of rod to the rear end of cylinder equals 24375- - 001
inches 1
(4) Look the front and rear piston rod nuts
(5) Pack the stuffing box as per instructions erection A division e
(6) With leather washer and recoil cyiinderhead bushing in place
screw on cylinder head v
(7) Fill cylinder vith the glycerine and water solution using f i l l shy
ing funnel prescribed as per instructions section A division d
(d) To Fil l ret oil cylinders Refer to Plate VII
- 4 3 shy
Two men required
Tools needed Wrenchj double 0raquo625 and 075 U43F Pilling Funnel Glycerine and water solution (either new or used)
Hydrometer (if solution is new)
(1) Set Howitzer at 0 degree with recoil band against stops on
cradle and remove filling plugs
(2) In3ert fi l l ing funnel ampnd f i l l to overflowing with solution
of glycerine and water Allow escape of air ref i l l remove funnel and
screw filling plugs tight
(e) To Pack Stuffing Box- Refer to Plate VII
One man required
Tools needed Spanner wrench stuffing box follower- U596A Hand mallet U47AN 60 rings of 0375-inch Garlock packing Screw driver U45W Wrench single 425 nuts U50D Wrench box U423D Brass rod 0312 (5l6) diameter by 12 inches Can
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs and drain
liquid from cylinders to buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders Elevate
Howitzer to 0 degree elevation
(2) Allow air to escape from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing
exhaust stem in valve rear end of cylindershy
(3) Remove locking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug 033 the recoil band clears
the end of the piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nuts
front
-44shy
5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rodj remove follower
guand and packing screw stuffing box back into cylinder and discard
any of the packing that is unfit for use If any is used to repack i t
should be put in after new
(6) To repack put on the piston rod one ring of the packing and shy
force i t well to the bottom of the stuffing box by brass rod and malletlaquo
Treat each ring of packing in the same manner beingcareful to break
joints until three rings of new packing or an equal amount of new and
old packing have been inserted Enter the gland and follower in the box
and soreyen up t ight
(7) Screw piston rod nuts (front) on rods slide Howitzer forward
put piston rod nuts (rear) on and add locking screws
(8) Fill recoil cylinder as prescribed in section A division (d)
(9) Fill recuperator cylinder with air as prescribed in-section B
division (d)
The addition of the leather vasher around the piston rod in front
of the stuffing box allows less force to tighten the follower than if it
were the plain packing
The follower should be tightened up from time to time If i t is
screwed into the stuffing box too tightly an unnecessary amount of fricshy
tion will be produced On the rod Hi en the follower is screwed 4n until
the flange strikes the box i t should be repacked
(f) To Clean Recoil Cylinders
This operation should not b3 undertaken in the field
Three men required Tools needed
Wrench double 0525 and 075 U43F Buckets Can bull
Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower U596A Screv driver U45W Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U596D Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
Plumbers hand force pump with hose
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs drain liquid
into buckets^ and elevate Howitzer to 0 degree
(2) Remove locking screws frrom piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(3) Release followers a few turns remove cylinder heads weight
174 pounds each apd draw out piston rods as prescribed in section A
division (b)
(4) Thoroughly clean cylinders vith kerosene oil forced into both
ends with pump and wipe the interiors dry with clean waste Clean the
piston rod and cylinder heads
(5) Replace piston rod cylinder heads and tighten follower Screw
nuts in place on piston rod and lock
SECTION B - Care of Recuperator
(a) In general Refer to plate VIII bull
The recuperator cylinder and plunger should be emptied and reshy
fil led onpe every three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months
or of tenor if conditions require itlaquo
The liquid in the plunger is the same as that in the recoil
cylinder (See section A division (a) second paragraph)
The in i t ia l pressure of the air$ with Howitzer in lottery should
be 1550 pounds per square inch and of the liquid 1700 pound per equate
inch The pressures are indicated by the pressure gauges on the su^poi-
2 b _ bullbullbull
- 4 6 shy
vith the pump If the pressure of the air is not sufficient to reshy
turn the howitzer to tattdry at maximum elevation 60 degrees and if the
plunger is not full of liquid pump glycerine solution into plunger until
either normal pressure or a full plunger is obtained provided that the
variation from 1550 pounds per square inch is small
If this variation islarge connect the compressed air tank and
raise the pressure in the air chamber The amount of space between the
rear face-of tige washer on the front end of the piston rod and the front
face of the stuffing bampx gland indicates the amount the pistonjhas moved
toward the plunger caused by leakage of the liquid When this distance
equals approximately 5875 inches the piston is resting against the plunger
the plunger must be refilled with liquid before this condition exists or
serious darcage will be done There should always be a space between the
rear face of the washer and the front face of the gland even vhen plunger
is full of liquid Because if the washer is against the gland there is
nothing to indicate that the liquid pressure is balanced by the air pressure
and any excess liquid pressure may damage the piston rod
The pull rod bearings in cradle should always be well lubfcicsated
(b) To Dismount Recuperator Refer to Plate VIIIbull
This operation should never be done in the field unless i t becomes
absolutely necessary The Howitzer must not be elevated while the re-
cup erfi t or is dismounted
Five men required
Tools needed Wrench box U423D Spanner wrench U423E Wrench double 125 and 15 U--33A Screw driver U45AN
- 4 7 shy
Cocket wrench U422G Handle U422H Socket wrenchU422D
bullWrench double 0875 and 1 UltL-3G Wrench U423A Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Screw driver U45AE Socket wrenehi U422C
(1) With the Howitzer at 0 degrees open upper stem on l iquid
valve un t i l l iquid begins to escape then c lose
(2) Depress the Howitzer t o -5 degrees and secure by means of the
muzzle support
(3) Empty a i r from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing both steins
in a i r valve at rear end of cylinder I t i s very important t h a t - a l l the a i r
be allowed to escape before removing any p a r t s
(4) Slack off the front nuts on the large stuffing box at front end
r l recuperator cylinder in order to take the pressure off of the plunger
caused by the pqcking
(5) Push plunger and piston t o the rear with i t s yoke unt i l pul l
rod bushings are uncovered holding pul l rods in the i r original pos i t ion
-(6) Block up under plunger at a point just behind the yoke to
support plunger
(7) Remove lock screw in each yoke bushingbull
(8) Unscrew yoke bushingsbull
(9) Remove pull-rod bracket
(10) Push pul l rods to r ea r
(11) Remove yoke bushings
(12) Pull out the plunger piston rod and yoke which weigh about
500 pounds care being taken t o have these par ts centered at a l l times an
to protect the outer surface of plunger 2 j l lt bull
- 4 8 shy
(13) Remove piston-rod nut washer gland and stuffing box
rivaLl with packing and plunger l ea the r
(14) Draw out piston
(15) Disconnect a i r and liquid piping and remove l iquid valve
(16) Remove plunger protection ring f e l t rusher gland stuffing
box large with packing and plunger leather packing
bullbull(17) Remove set screw in cylinder clamp lock unscrew cylinder
clarnp lock and s l ide cylinder out to rear weight about 895 pounds bullbull
(c) To Assemble Recuperator Refer to Plate VI I I
This operation should never be undertaken in the f ie ld unless i t
becomes absolutely necessary
Five men required-
Tools needed
3 rings flax packing 30D Piston washer leather 30B Spanner wrench U423G Socket wrench U422C Socket wrench U422D Screw driver U45AN Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Wrench- U423A Wrench double 087 5 and 1 U43G Socket wrench U422G Handle U422H Screw driver U45AE Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench U423D 10Ting flax packing 27N and 28M 2 leather packing 27H and 28K I ras3 rod 0437 (716) diameter by 12 inches F i l l ing funnel Can 2 tanks of compressed air
-49shy
I (I) Slide cylinder into housing in cradle screw cylinder clamp
lock on front end of cylinder and lock vith set screw Cylinder weights
1040 pounds
() Place stuffing box gland leather packing and felt washer
on plunger and slide to front
(3) Assemble packing gland and washer to piston and place piston
rod in place in plunger
(4) Push piston and plunger into cylinderlaquo
(5) Pack stuffing box large and put nuts on studamp care being
taken to tighten up nuts alternately so packing bears properly (See
division (amp)bull)
(6) Push plunger to the rear screw yoke bushings on pull iods
and slide pull rods in place
(7) Put leather packing and stuffing box small in plunger and
put nuts on studs
(8) Pack stuffing box sir^H place gland in place and screvnuts
on studs care being taken to tighten up nutsalternately so packing
bears uniformly (see division (e)raquo)
(9) Place washer on end of pistorj- rod and screw nut against shoulder
lOJ Bolt liquid valve to cylinder and connect up air and liquid
piping
(II) Fill the plunger vith liquid connect up the air tank and
f i l l the cylinder vith a i r
(d) To f i l l recuperator cylinder Refer to Plate VIII
Five men required
Tools needed
-5Oshy
Box wrench U423A Wrench U423D Can Glycerine and water solution
Two tanks of compressed a i r
(1) Fill plunger with glycerine and water solution by means of
the pump and at the same time letting compressed air into the air chamshy
ber being careful to keep the liquid and air pressures balanced as inshy
dicated by projection of piston rod forward from stuffing box
When plunger is full there should be only a small space be-v
tween front face of stuffing box gland and rear face of washer at front
end of piston rod Never allow these twoitcopy come together
(2) To f i l l the air chamber -the following has to be done- Connect
upoundgt the air tank with the air pipe connection by the copper tubing open
the valve on the tank then open the valve on the air cylinder Two tanks
are usually sufficient to run the air pressure in recuperator cylinder up
to 1700 pounds per square inch others or parts of others may be used if
necessary
(e) To pack stuffing boxes Refer to plate VIIIbull
One ring of packing is placed in stuffing box and forced well
to bottom with braks rod and mallet Treat each ring of packing in the
same manner being careful to break joints until the five rings have been
inserted Nuts on studs should be screwed tight against glandsraquo 1
TOien repacking these stuffing boxes recuperators must be dis-
mounted (see section B division (b) ) sufficiently to get the packing
out -Any of the old packing that is unfit for use should be discarded-
If any of the old is used to repack i t should be put in after the new
The addition of the leather washers around the piston r^d ampi
plunger in the rear of the stuffing boxes allows less fcrcc to tghJ-en
-51shy
the glands than if i t were the plain packing
The nuts around the glands should be tightened from time to time
If the glands are pressed too tightly into the stuffing boxes an unshy
necessary amount of friction will be produced on the plunger and rod When
the glands are pushed in until they strike the stuffing boxes they should
be repacked
(f) To clean recuperator cylinder and plunger Refer to Plate
See Section B division (b)
This should never be undertaken in the field except in case
of absolutenecessity V i x
Dismount the recuperator thoroughly clean the cylinder
and plunger with kerosene o i l forced into them with plunger s force pump
Wipe the^ in te r io rs dry with clean cotton waste Clean the piston and
pis ton rod
SECTION C - CARE OFELEVATING MECHANISM
(a) To Dismoipit the elevating mechanism Refer to p la tes XI and
XII
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0875 and 1 U4-3G Wrench double 125 and 15 U13BA Wrench double 2 and 225 IK-3ATC Wrench pinion shaft and nut 35 U82H SJcrew driver U45AN Screv driver U45AE Machinist s hammer U48F
Pin punch U47AF Blocks of wood
(1) Take hand wheel off and remove brake band
(2) Remove pinion shaft gear from elevating pinion shafts and
bull lt bullbull bull
- 5 2 shy
rmove elevating pinion shaf t
(3) Take off intermediate pinion shaft nut and washer and remove
intermediate pinion shaft) care being taken to see that intermediate gear
13 blocked up
(4) Remove elevating gear p la te with bearings fastened to i t
(5) Remove intermediate gear
(6) Take off handwheel sha f t
(7) Remove rack
(b) To assemble elevating iaechanism
Reverse the operations as outlined in above for dismounting bull
SECTION D - CARE Off TRAVERSING MECHANISM
(a) To dismount t ravers ing mechanism Refer to Plate XIIIbull
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrenoh double 1raquo25 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C Hammer machinists U48FshyPunch pin U47AF
Wrencty double 2 and 225U43AW
(1) Screw out side leveling screw remove sight with sight bracket
from cradle t runnions
(2) Take off gear case cover
(3) Remove pin and co l la r from end of worm shaft and draw i t out
(4) Knock out pins in lower part of ve r t i c a l trqversing shaft
and take off t ravers ing p in ion
(5) Drav shaft with worm vheel up through case push worm to side
of case when s t a r t ing (
- 5 3 shy
(6) Worm may then be removed from case aad case taken off side
of frame worm wheel may also be driven off shaf t
(b) To Assemble t raversing mechanism Refer to p la te XIII
Tnree men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 6375 and 05 U431 Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 2raquo and 225 U43AW Hammer machinists U48F Punch pin U47AF
(1) Bolt gear case to side frame and place vnra in pocket in case
(2) Drive worm vheel on shaft and place shaft in pos i t ion i
Worm must be held against wall of case gtS3aen assembling vheel and shaft
(3) Drive pinion on shaft and pin in p lace
(4) Slide worm shaft in place and lock i t vith pin and collar
(5) Bolt cover on case and bolt sight assembled or sight bracket
to t runnions
(6) Connect up leveling screw
SECTION F - CARE OF MMUNITEON CRANE
(a) To dismount ammunition c rane liefer to Dlate XXVII
Men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 pin punch
1 screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 anc 05 U-V3C 1 Wrench double 0625 auc O55 Ir4JF 1 Wrench double 0875-and Xraquo U43C
(l) Remove bolt fastening hoisting ropci to erjd of crime mast and
place bolt back in socket on rope This rejiovss sheave block
- 5 4 shy
sheave and crane hook
(2) Remove intermediate rope guard and sheave from crane mast
(3) Remove lower sheave bracket from crane mast and leave sheave and
rope guard attached to sheave bracket
(4) Unpin crank shaft co l l a r andrunscrew crank shaft n u t s
(5) Remove le f t crank and l e f t crank bushing rIhe crank shaft may
now be withdrawn to the l e f t and the pinion s ratchet and f r i c t ion box
and f r i c t ion disc be l i f t ed out The r ight crank may also be withdrawnbull
(6) Remove s p l i t pinsj drive out drum shaft and l i f t out drum and
gear
(7) Remove drum bracket from crane maftr
(8) Remove crane mast from crane mast pedestal and unbolt pedestal
from platform
(b) To AssembLe Ammunition Crane
Men Required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch
1 Screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075 II43F 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1 U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined above for dismounting in (a)laquo
Note- Care should be taken to see that the bronze and s tee l f r ic t ion
discs are assembled in t h e i r proper order
SECTION El ANTI-FRICTION DEVICE
(a) To Dismount a n t i - f r i c t i o n dev ice Refer t o P la te X
Four men required
Tools needed
Wrench single 175a U43V Wrench spanner U596E So rev driver U45AE
( l ) Unscrew locknut on adjusting screw
(Z) Remove s p l i t pin and nut from bearing support
(3) |Unscrew adjusting screw u n t i l beairinf support i s clear of bearshy
ing s e a t
(4) Remove r o l l e r and bearing s e a t
(5) Remove upper trunnion pin bearing anl key
(6) If t ipping pa r t s are out of side fcraiie bearing the bearing
support can be drawn up through the hole in s ids frame
(7) Bel lev i l le springs and washers can nor be removed
(8) Unscrew adjusting screw nut vith lockwasher attached to ifcraquo
(b) To assemble an t i - f r i c t i on device
Reverse the operation as outlined in afcove for dismounting
SECTION fl - CARE OF TRUCK3
(a) To remove trucks from Mount refer t o P la te XXXII
bull-8 Men required
Tools needed
4 Auxiliary jacks 1 Crowbar 1243A 1 Pinch bar
1 - 7-rinch p l i e r s U47AQ
(1) Remove s p l i t pin from l i ve lever pin a-d ^e7--e l ive lever pin
from rear t ruck lever connection Pl^ce l ino laver iivi i i hoe in 3 ive
lever and inse r t sp l i t pin shy(2) Lift- center pin from eenter p la ie hole usin^ pvrtn bar +y ^^-
-56shy
samej if necessary
(3) Raise mount with jacks as described in Part I Section (L) Divishy
sion (d) until mount is clear of trucks
(4) Shove trucks along until they are clear of mount
(fr) To Disassemble and Assemble Trucks Refer to Plate XXXII
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Wrench double 125 and 15 nuts U43BA 1 Wrench double 875 and I-inch U43G 1 - 7inch Pliers U47AQ 2 Crowbars 1243A Blocking 1 - 16-inch Monkey wrench U45LA lCfir Box Jacking screw with levers 1022C 4 Jacks 25-ton 1 Combination Hook and Packing tool
- 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar
(1) Remove pedestal t i e from both sides of truck replacing bolts in
t ies with nut locks and nuts
(2) Remove cotters from equalizer pins (put cotters in a convenient
place so they can be replaced in pin when same are later removed)
(3) Place jack screw on sectire blocking under inside pedestal castings
of outer wheels and raise truck frame until springs and equalizers are reshy
leased sufficiently for removing
(4) Remove semi-elliptic spring keys which will allow spring to be
removed
(5) Remove pins from equalizers and replace pins in same also replace
cotters (Refer to Art 2)
(6) Remove cotters and nuts from Helical spring bolts then remove
bolts and replace nuts and cotters Also remove springs and spring seats 33176
i
- 5 7 shy
7) Place car jack on secure blocking under serai-elliptic spring
soat and raise truck frame sufficient to remove wheels and journal boxes
(Snail jack screws and blocking can now be removed)
(8) Push end wheels with journal boxes away from truck framebull
(9) Disconnect bottom connection rod from both front and rear truck
levers and replace connection pins in their respective places in rods
(lltQ) Remove rear truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole from which it was taken in brajfce beam
( l l ) Disconnect front truck lever from dead lever bracket and replace
connection piniiin dead lever bracket
(12)) Disconnect dead lever bracket from dead lever fulcrum bracket and
replace connection pin in dead lever bracket
(13) Remove front truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole in brake beam
(14) Pull out brake shoe keys and remove brake beams and brake shoes
(15) Remove brake shoe hangers from side frames and replace hunger bolts
with keys in hangers
(16) Place blocking under pedestal casting of end wheels at either end
of truck most convenient and remove the car jacks near the end so blocked
by unscrewing jacks so as to allow frame to rest on blocking This will
permit moving center wheel with boxes intorposition formerly occupied by
aid wheels
(17) Replace ca^r jacks under semi-elliptic spring seats as before and
raise this end so as to release load of frame from blocking at end
(18) Remove end-blocking and push wheels away from frame
(19) Open journal box doors and remove journal box packing with hook
and packing tool 2SI16
-58shy
(20) Tilt the outer ends of the boxes up until bearing wedge and bearshy
nings can be removed remove wedges and take beardiigs out Then remove
boxes
(21) To Assemble Trucks Reverse the process just described
(c) To Pack Journal Boxes
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hook nd Packing Tool Bucket or Tin can of 3 to 5 gallons capacity Galena Oil bull I
Wool or Cotton Waste
(1) With hook and packing tool remove waste also all particles of
sand and gr i t from journal boxes
(2) In the bucket or tin can place enough waste to pack the number of
journal boxes to be packed wool waste is preferable but cotton waste
will do and saturate with Galena Oil
(3) With hook and pacafcing tool pack the oil saturated waste firmly
into the lower section of the Journal Boxes Note - The life of the journal
bearings will be considerably lengthened and the trouble arising from
burned out bearings will be reduced to a minimum if regular inspections be
made of the journal box packing If the car is to be moved a considerable
distance especially after having stood in one place for any length of
time i t i s vrell to see that a l l boxes are well packed with oil saturated
wasted Care should be taken to see that the covers are kept closed and
promptly replaced where broken or lost in order to keep out as much as
possible a l l sand and gri t
(d) To Replace Journal Bearings
Two men required 73V 6
Tools needed
1 Pinch Bar 1 Car Box Jacking Screw 1 Hook and Packing Tool
(1) With car body jacks ra ise car body about two inches
(2) With car box jacking screw ra ise the journal box from which the
bearing i s to be removed about two incheslaquo
(3) Raise journal box cover and remove bearing wedge with hook withshy
draw bearing
(4) Put new bearing in posit ion and replace bearing wedge pack journal
box packing firmly around lower half of journal and be certain that ijournal
bearing and wedge are properly seated
(e) To Place Trucks Under ca r
Reverse procedure outlined in Part I I Section G Division (a)laquo
SECTION- H - CARE OF TRUCKS
(ai To Disassemble Air Brake Refer to plates XIX apid XX bull
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch P l i e r s U47 AQ 1 Pinch Bar 1 Wrench double raquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U45DA 1 S t i l l s on Pipe wrench -25 and 25- inches 637D 1 Wrench double 083 5 and 1-inch riutsU43G 1 Wrench^ double Olaquo625 and 0laquo75-inch nutsfU43F
1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nutsU43^euro
(1) Disconnect hand brake pullrod and brake cylinder leyer connection
from brake cylinder lever and replace connection pin in end of pullrod
(2) Disconnect f loating lever connection from f loat ing lever and re shy
place connection pin in f loat ing lever connection 23176
- 6 0
Disconnect l i ve lever from f loat ing lever and replaco pin in l ive
lever
(4) Unbolt and remove cylinder lever fulcrumfrom center s i l l and re shy
place bolts in t h e i r respective holes in center s i l l and remove cylinder
lever from cylinder lever fulcrum
(5) Disconnect brake cylinder pushrod from cylinder lever and replace
connection pin in end of pushrod disconnect f loat ing lever from floating
lever fulcrum and replace pin in f loating levershy
(6) Unbolt and remove f loat ing lever fulcrum from under side of floor
p la te and replace bolts in fulcrum
(7) Disconnect union on cross pipe between cylinder and reservoir and
remove pipe
(8) Unbolt and remove brake cylinder from support and replace bolts
in support bull
bullbull(9) Disconnect pipes and e l l s from reservoir tha t connect with cross
pipe t o cylinder
(10) Unbolt t r i p l e valve from reservoir
(11) Unbolt and remove reservoir from supports replacing bol ts
(X2) Remove t r i p l e valve
(13) Unscrew pipe3A-
(14) Remove centrifugal d i r t col lector
(15) Remove elbow and pipe GA
(16) Unscrew pige AA from cut out cock and remove self-locking cutshy
out cock No 2135 vith upper pipe AA from 125 t e o
(17) Remove upper pipe AA from cut out cock
23176
(18) Remove V bolt in end s i l l and unccrew self~lockng nngle cck
No 22413
(19) Unscrew pipe R from coupling leaving coupling en pipe SMlaquo
(20) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe S from 125 e l l and leave
e l l on pipe T
(21) Remove pipe T11 from 125 ampee and leave tee on pipe U
(22) Unscrew pipe U from e l l and leave e l l on pipeVi4
(23) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe W from elbregw and leave
elbow on pipe X
(24) Unscrew pipe nX with drain cock from pipe HZ
Note- If i t i s desired to disassemble the complete a i r brake equipment
on mount repeat the above operation for disassembling the mechaniftzft under
the other end of the mount
(b) To Disassemble-land Assemble Handbrakes Refer to Plate XIX and XX-
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0625 and 0raquo7pound-inch nutsU43F
(1) Disconnect handbrake pul l rod from cylinder lever qt3 replace
connection pin in end of rod
(2) Remove handbrake sheave from handbrake pul l rod take chain from
around sheave and fasten sheave back in rod jaws with p in
(3) Unbolt and remove pu l l rod hanger and replace bolts in hanger
(4) Remove pul l rod
(5) Disconnect handbrake chain from brake mast step and brake mast
23176
-62shy
(6) Unbolt and remove brake mast step and replace bolts on mast s t e p p pR b(7(7)) Remove brake mast with handwheel and ratchet attached
c) gtv To Assemble Air Brake Refer to Plates XIX and XX
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 75 gad 1-inch U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch l)47DA 1 St i l l son Pipe Wrench 25 to 25 inches 637D 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075-inch nuts U43F 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1-inch nuts U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined in Section H division ( a )
(d) To clean and Oil Brake Cylinder Refer to p la te XXIX
Two men required
Tools needed
1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 625 and 0875-inch nuts U153E 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U47DA
(1) Disconnect pushrod from cylinder l ever
(2) Remove bolts connecting cylinder to brake cylinder brake and re shy
move pipes connecting cylinder to rese rvo i r
(3) Remove piston head
(4) With kerosene o i l thoroughly clean and remove a l l pa r t i c l es of
sand and g r i t from piston piston r ing and inside of cyl inder
(5) Oil piston lea ther in pis ton with heavy o i l or l igh t grease
(6) Put piston back in cylinder and replace whole on c a r
(9) To clean and o i l t r i p l e valvo K--2 Refer to Pla te XXXIII
Two men required
Tools needed 23176
O
l bull
1 Stillson Pipe Wrench 25 to- 2 5~inchesf 637D i Hamroerj U48F 1-7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Wrench double laquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inchj U47DA 1 Wrench double raquo375 and 5-inch nuts U153B
(1) Disconnect branch pipe union and remove branch pipe from tr iple valve
(2) Dplusmnggt$ pinealtriple valve f roiaauxiliary valvalaquo
(3) Unscrev union nut 17 and remove strainer 16 bull
(4) Unscrev graduating stem nut 20 and remove graduating spring 22raquo
(5) Remove nut from bolts 24 and take off cylinder cap 19 and- cylinder
cap gasket 23
(6) Withdraw piston and slide valve from casing
(7) Remove cap screws 25 and take off check valve case 13 and emergency
valve 9
(8) Remove piston 8laquo
(9) Remove emergency valve 10 and check valve 15raquo
(10) Unscrev retarding device 29 and remove retarding spring 33 and
stem 31bull
(11) Clean a l l parts thoroughly with kerosene oilraquo Using oil sparingly
oil t r iple piston and surface between slide valve and slide valve seat Also
surface between graduating valve and slide valve
(12) Assemble by reversing procedures as outlined above and replace
t r ip le valve in position
(f) To Clean Centrifugal Dirt Collector Refer to Plate XXXI
One man required
Tools needed None
( l) Open cock at bottom of collector until a l l particles of sand
dir t and water are blovn out
23176
-64shy
(g) To Take Up Shoo Wear
Oncopy man required
Tools needed
1 P l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch b a r
(1) Release brakes both hand and air
(2) Disconnect front t ruck lever from dead lever bracket move front
t ruck lever out un t i l the rear t ruck lever wi l l not go back to less than
15-inchear from the t ruck bo ls te r and remake connection in proper hole in
dead lever bracket
(3) If necessary the shoes can be set up t i gh t e r by moving the front
t ruck lever to the end holes Of the bottom connection rod
(m) To Replace Brake Shoes Refer to Plate XXXII
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U47AM 1 Pinch Bar
(1) Release brakes both hand and a i r -
(2) Withdraw brake shoe keys take out worn shoes and replace with
new ones
SECTIOIj I shy CARE OF JACKS
(a) To Disassemble screw jacks Refer to Plate XXV
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch 1 Wrench double1 Wrench double^
125 and 15 U43G 0625 and 075 U43F
23176
-65shy
(1) Unscrew lower jack pinion stud nut and remove ratchet and pawl
with housing bull
(2) Remove upper jack pinion stud nut and take out jack pinion stud
with jack pinion attached
(3) Remove jack screw nut and let jack and ram rest against guide
(4) Take washers and screw gear off of screw
(5) Remove stop from ram and guide from base plate
(6) Remove screw and ram
Note- In order to remove screw and ram i t is necessary to run the mount
over a pi t or dig a hole in the ground
(b) To Assemble screw jacks reverse the operations outlined above for
disassembling
(c) Care and Oilijig of Jaciss
The jacks should be lubricated frequently To do ifcis a steel
compression grease cup is screwed into the stop on the ram This cup should
nevor be without grease in i t The jack levers should be removed and placshy
ed in some convenient place on the platform
(d) Care of Auxiliary Jacks
When not in use the auxiliary jacks should be placed under the
ammunition table The bearings of the jack should be kept well oiled and the
main lifting screw and the teeth of the gears should be lubrioated vith
heavy grease when necessary to make jacks work easily
PART I I I
SECTION A PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED BEFORE FIRING
(a) This carriage is designed to be fired from 20 to 60 degrees elevashy
tion do not fire it below 20 degrees
23176
-66shy
(b) Fold up platform at breech of Howitzer
(c) Take reading at liquid pressure gauge this reading should be 1700
pounds per squre inch a small amount of liquid will leak out each round
and is replaced by means of the pump
(d) Take reading^at air pressure gauge this reading should be 1550
pounds per square inch
(e) The distance the recuperator piston rod moves indicates liquid leakshy
ing at the packing and the rod should never be allowed to stand out past
the gland more than 5laquo875 inches
(f) Traverse gun through entire allowed movement to nampke sure that all
parts work freely
(g) Elevate Howitzer through entire range of elevation to see that all
parts work freely
(h) Make sure that a l l nuts tap bolts and screws on elevating mechanism
traversing mechanism panoramic sight and elevation quadrant are set up
properly
(i) Make an inspection of recoil and counter recoil systems to see
thqfc they are properly assembled especially after the Howitzer has been
dismounted from the oradle
(k) See that the outriggers are set securely
(l) See that the underframing of the mount has a uniform bearing on
the ground platform
(m) Make sure that the recoil cylinder is properly fi l led
(n) All brakes should be released
23176
-67shy
TOBE_OBSERVED BEFORE TRAVELLING
(a) see that a l l equipment to be carried on the mount is properly
Secured and that none of i t projects out past the clearance l ine
(b) Depress gun to 0 degree elevation and traverse i t to 0 degrees
azimuth and fasten gun with travelling lock
(c) Remove panoramic telescope place i t in carrying case and store
in secure place
(d) An inspection should be n^de of journal boxes to see that they
are properly packed and that the bearings have not worn down too much
(e) An inspection should be made also of the brake shoes and mechshy
anism If there is too much play between the brake shoes and wheels
the wear should be taken up in the brake mechanism or the brake shoes
replaced with1 nev ones
(f) Be sure that the complete set of tools areoOn hand
(g) See that buffers and couplings are in proper working condition
PART V
TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF 12-INCH HOWITZER RAILWAY MOUNT MODEL OF 1918
Length of reco i l normal 36 max 375
Angle of Elevation ( f i r i n g 4 2 0 to46O o
ti laquo Depression - 5 loading
it laquo t raverse 360deg
Weight of recoi l ing pa r t s (empty) - 49188
n t ipping 64533(Loaded 65333)
Weight of Car including base p la te 102880
Length over draft Gear - 42 f t 2 i n approx
Total weight of trucks (two) 30000 l b s
-68shy
Type of trucks 6-wheel - 55 x 10 journals
Diameter of vheels 28 in
Weight of t ravers ing parts with gun (Empty) 92353
Total weight on t rack - 19 5 243 bull
Weight of gun including recoi l band amp breech mech bull 47f239
Muzzle Velocity 1950 f s
Range 21600 yds (Approx)
Wt Pro jec t i l e 700 l b s
Wt Povder 95
Chamber pressure 37000 l b s
Muzzle energy 18474 f t tons
Total rod pul l a t 60deg - 348766 l b s
per qxle a t t rack (front) 35931 l b s
laquo n ti ti ( rea r ) 29150 M
23176
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Gaylord Bros Makers
Syracuse N Y PAT JAN 21 1908
LIBRARY
GENERAL STAFFtOLLEGE
S ARMY 3mdash7279
OF
US ARMY MILITARY HISTORY INSTITUTE $353
War Department eff ice of the Oiief of Ordnance
Washington t 1919laquo
Ohis Manual i s published for the information and guidance
of the Army of the United states
By Qr4laquor of The Secretary of Warraquo
4 CraquoC Williams laquo Gent0rdDeptbull USraquoA
Chief of Ordnance
bullL bull
PROPERTY OF TH^ US ARMY
2317JI
TABLE 0 CONTENTS
FART 1
1 2 H o w i t z e r R a i l w a y M o u n t M o d e l o f 1 9 1 8
S e c t i o n A - G e n e r a l D e s c r i p t i o n bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo raquo bull bull raquo
( a ) D e s c r i p t i o n laquo laquo laquo bull bull bull
( b ) O p e r a t i o n bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull laquo bull
S e c t i o n B - R e c o i l M e c h a n i s m laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n C - R e c u p e r a t o r a n d L i q u i d P u m p laquo bull laquo bull bull laquo bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n D - E l e v a t i n g M e c h a n i s m bull bull bull bull laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n E - T r a v e r s i n g M e c h a n i s m bull bull bull laquo bull raquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo
S e c t i o n F - A n t i - F r i c t i o n D e v i c e bull bull bull bull bull laquo bull raquo laquo bull bull bull bull laquo bull bull
S e c t i o n G - A s i m u n i t i o n C r a n e bull bull raquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo bull lt bull
S e c t i o n H - C a r p r o p e r bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull
S e c t i d n HI - T r u c k s laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo laquo
S e c t i o n J - B r a k e s bull raquo raquo bull bull bull bull raquo laquo bull laquo laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo
S e d t i o n K - D r a f t G e a r a n d F r e n c h C o u p l e r laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
( a ) D r a f t g e a r bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
( b ) T o c o u p l e t h e c a r laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo bull bull bull bull laquo laquo bull
( c ) T o u n c o u p l e t h e c a r bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
( d ) F r e n c h c o u p l e r bull raquo raquo bull bull laquo bull raquo bull
( e ) T o c o u p l e t h e c a r raquo laquo bull bull bull bull laquo laquo bull bull bull bull
( f ) T o u n c o u p l e t h e c a r raquo laquo v laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo
S e c t i o n L - J a c k s bull bull bull laquo raquo bull bull raquo bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo
( a ) T o r a i s e c a r v i t h s c r e w j a c k s bull laquo bull bull bull bull raquo bull
( b ) T o l o w e r c a r ^ i t h s c r e w j a c k s bull | bull bull bull bull laquo bull bull laquo raquo raquo
S e c t i o n M - F o u n d a t i o n bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull - raquo bull bull laquo bull bull bull bull
2 3 1 7 6
- 2 shy
P a g copy
( a ) T o p l a c e f o u n d a t i o n f o r t r a v e l i n g bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull
(b) To d i s a s s e m b l e f o u n d a t i o n and load f o r firing
3~oioa E ~ O u t r i g g e r s raquo bull lt bull laquo laquo laquo lt bull bull bull laquo bull bull
(a) T o pl a c e end outrigger f o r f i r i n g laquo laquo laquo
(b) T o plcoe side outrigger for firing-o bull
(c) To adjust f c r s w on outriggerraquo o laquo lt gt bull
(d) To aija^t f l o a t s bull laquo laquo laquo raquo laquo raquo
( e ) T o p l r o e e n d o u t r i g g e r s t r u t f o r c a r r y i n g
(j ) T o gpound-e s i d e o u t r i g g e r s t r u t f o r c a r r y i n g bull raquo bull bull bull bull
( g T o p l a c e f l o a t s a n d f o o t p l a t e s f - o r c a r r j ^ i n g bull bull bull raquo bull
S e c t i o n 0 - AjT jUi ro tdon R a n d J i n g - c laquo bull c gt bull
S e c t i o n P - M u s z i e S u p p e r I laquo bull laquo 4 laquo
(fvx) D e s c r i p t i o n bull bull bull laquo laquo
( b ) T o P l a c e M u z a l e S u p p o r t raquo
S e c t i o n Q -bull C h e s t s I
S e c t i o n R - C a m o u f l a g e bull bull bull laquo raquo
( a ) D e s c r i p t i o n bull bull raquo raquo bull raquo bull bull bull
( b ) P a i n t s bull
( c ) T o A p p l y t h e P a i n t
( d ) T o R e m o v e t h e P a i n t bull
P A R T I I
I n s p e c t i o n a n d M a i n t e n a n c e o f M o u n t laquo bull bull
S e c t i o n A - C a r e o f r e c o i l m e c h a n i s m raquo bull bull bull bull raquo bull
(a) In General bull
(b) To Dismount recoil mechanism
(c) To assemble recoil mechanism bull laquo laquo raquo
(d) To Fill Recoil mechanism
13176
3 a
( e ) T o p a c k s t u f f i n g b o x raquo laquo bull bull bull
( f ) To c l e a n r e c o i l c y l i n d e r bull bull
SECTION B - 0 a t e of R e c u p e r a t o r gt
( a ) i n G e n e r a l bull
( b ) T o d i s m o u n t r e c u p e r a t o r raquo bull laquo bull bull bull laquo bull bull bull
( c ) To a s s e m b l e r e c u p e r a t o r laquo laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull
(d) To fill recuperator raquo bull laquo bull
(e) To pack stuffing box laquo
(f) To clean recuperator cylinder and plunger bull bull bull bull bull
23176
3 b
SECTION C - C a r e of e l e v a t i n g m e c h a n i s m
P a g e
( a ) T o d i s m o u n t e l e v a t i n g m e c h a n i s m
( b ) To a s s e m b l e e l e v a t i n g m e c h a n i s m
SECTION D - C a r e of t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m
( a ) To d i s m o u n t t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m bull laquo bull laquo bull
( b ) To a s s e m b l e t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m
S e c t i o n E - C a r e of a n t i - f r i c t i o n D e v i c e laquo
( a ) To d i s m o u n t a n t i - f r i c t i o n d e v i c e bull bull bull
( b ) To a s s e m b l e a n t i - f r i c t i o n d e v i c e bull raquo laquo
S e c t i o n F shy C a r e of A m m u n i t i o n C r a n e lt
( a ) To d i s m o u n t a m m u n i t i o n c r a n e
( b ) To a s s e m b l e a m m u n i t i o n c r a n e
S e c t i o n G - C a r e of t r u c k s
( a ) To r e m o v e t r u c k s raquo
( b ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a n d a s s e m b l e t r u c k s bull bull bull bull raquo
( c ) To p a c k j o u r n a l b o x e s
( d ) To r e p l a c e j o u r n a l b e a r i n g s bull raquo bull
( e ) To p l a c e t r u c k s u n d e r c a r
S e c t i o n H - C a r e of B r a k e s raquo bull bull bull
( a ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a i r b r a k e
( b ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a n d a s s e m b l e h a n d b r a k e a
( c ) T O a s s e m b l e a i r b r a k e raquo bull bull
(d) To clean and o i l brake cy l inde r
(e) To clean and oil triple valve
(f ) To clean centrifugal dirt collector
23176
Page
( g ) To t a k o up shoe wear bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull bull bull lt
( h ) To r e p l a c e b r a k e s h o e s bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n I - Care of j a c k s bull bull raquo bull bull bull raquo bull raquo laquo bull bull
( a ) To d i s a s s e m b l e s c r e w j a c k s laquo
( b ) To a s s e m b l e s c r e w j a c k s laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull gt bull bull bull bull
( c ) Care and o i l i n g of s c r ew j a c k s bull bull
( d ) Care of a u x i l i a r y j a c k s laquo bull bull bull
PART I I I
S e c t i o n A - P r e c a u t i o n s t o b e obse rved b e f o r e f i r i n g bull bull bull
S e c t i o n B - P r e c a u t i o n s t o be obse rved b e f o r e t r a v e l l i n g bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n C - L i s t of g r e a s e cups and handy o i l e r s laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
PART IV - L i s t of P a r t s
PART V - T a b l e of Weights and Dimens ions
PART VI - L i s t of T o t a l Equipment
13175
~5 shy
List of Plates _
I - 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Right Side Elevation
II bull 12-inch Howitzer Rarilwey Mouvjt Left Side Elevation ltraquo
I I I 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Longitudinal Section
IV 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Plan View
Vlaquo 12-indc1 Howitzer Railway Mount Ftfoi-it Viev
VI 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Rear View
VII Recoil Cylinder Assembly
VIII Recuperator Assemblybull
IX Liquid Pump and Piping Arrangement
Xlaquo Liquid Pump Assembly
XIraquo Elevating Assembly
XII Foot lever Assembly
XIII Traversing Assembly
XIV Anti-frriction Device Assembly
XV Loading Assemblyraquo
XVI platform^Assembly Right Side
XVII Platform Assembly Left Side
XVIII Frame Assembly
XIX Air Brake Assembly Front
XE Air Brake Assembly Rear
XXI Lever Assembly Plan View
XXIIbull Lever Assembly Side View
XXIII Outrigger Assembly
YYIV Foundation Assembly
XXV Jack Assembly
23176--
- 6 shy
XXVI Equipment Assemblylaquo
XXVII Ammunition Crane Assembler
XXVIII Weight distribution diagram
XXIX Air Brake Cylinder Type D 10X12
XXX jampuailiary reservoir Type D
XXXI Centrifugal dirt collector
XXXII Truck Assembly
XXXIII Triple Valve K-2
XXXIVD Camcu Isgeraquo
XXXVC Car frame French couplers
XXXVIe Buffer Assembly
XXXVII Draft Gear Assembly
2317$
_^2-Jampich Bovitzer_R^
_Model of 1918
Section A - General Description
(a) Descript ionlaquo
Refer to plates I II III IV V and VI
for l i s t of pgta-ts with their piece mrks and the material of which they
are made see page
The mount is designed to permit the Howitzer to be traversed
through 360 degreoSy elevated from minus 5 to plus 60 degrees and fired
from 20 to 60 degrees
The principal parts of the mount are the base plate which is
a part of the car proper racer distance ring and traversing rcopyllers side
frames cradle recoil system recuperator system traversing and elevating
mechanisms elevation quadrant panoramic sight loading tray loading
and working platforms and car proper including body trucks brakes and
couplers together with outriggers floats jacks and foundation details
The base plate is a one piece casting used as the center secshy
tion of the car proper and bolted to the car frame on each end The
lower roller path is machined on the upper side and a pintle surface is
machined on the outer side of the vertical annular flange on the inner
side of this flange the traversing rack is bolted
The racer is cast in one piece and has i ts lover surface machshy
ined forming the upper roller path corresponding to the lower roller
path on the base plate The inner vertical surface is machined to form
the female part of the pintle The outer vertical surface is machined and
graduations are engraved forming an azimuth circle
23175
There are 640 divisions of 10 mils each the 0 graduation
being on the left side of the racer 45 degrees left of gear- Ihe
aximuth pointer is of gernian silver graduated from 0 to 10 mils and is
fastened to a builb up bracket bolted to the base plate Five clips
engaging the under side of the base plate flange and boltedto the
racer prevent any relative vertical movement o the racer with the base
plate Dust guards are bolted to the ou-ter surface of the racer preshy
venting dust and dirt from entering the traversing roller system and
pintle bearing
The traversing roller system consists of forty conical rollers t
held in a radial position by the distance ring1 and kept concentric with
the pintle by flanges on the inner edges of the rollers in contact vith
the inner edge of the roller path on the base ring Handy oilers are
located on the outsdde Vertical surface of tlje racer vith oil tubes
leading to continuous oil gutters cut in the distance ring for the disshy
tribution of oil to the rollers
The side frames are bolted to tkcopy upper surface of the racer
and held together by the front and rear transom this unit supports
the tipping parts of the mount
The cradle supported in the side frames by its trunnions
serves as a slide way for the hbvitzer when recoiling and carries the
recoil and recuperator systems bull The loading platform of structural
steel extends to the rear of the mount and is held in place by supports
fastened to the rear transom and side frames Tne platform is constructshy
ed with an opening in the center for the howitzer to recoil through
This opening is covered by a folding platform iji two sections connected
23176
mdash9mdash
together and to the loading plajtfora by hinges This platform is down
vu loading and folded back vhen firing On the right side of the
mount is the elevating platform which is folded in vhen traveling A
loading tray built up of structural steel is bolted to the goading platshy
form and is constructed to carry three projectiles at a tims Cranes
on the rear of the loading platform hoist the projectiles from the amshy
munition table on the car floor tothe loading tray i| shell trough placshy
ed in the breech of the Howitzer and resting on the loading tray is usdd
to slide the projectile and powder into the Howitzer The car has a cast
steel center vhlch serves as a base plate and roller path for the travershy
sing parts of the mount and structural steel ends all mounted on standard
six wheel trucks The car servesas a firing platform and transport
vehicle vihen in transport the entireweight rests upon the trucks in the
ordinary way but in firing the car is raised by jacks beams and cross-
t ies then placed underneath and the car lowered thereon relieving the
weight from the trucks The outriggers are then set out against the woodshy
en floats backed by the earth to resist the recoil when the howitzer is
fired
An ammunition trough and table are located on the car floor
and ammunition is brought from the ammunition car to the trough and slid
down to the table which holds seven projectiles
The recoil mechanism recuperator elevating and traversing
bullmechanism anti-friction device crane jacks outriggers trucks car
proper air brakes draft gear and ammunition table will each be desshy
cribed in detail later
2317
-10shy
(b) Operation
The piece i s la id in azimuth by the combined usec of the
panoramic sight or azimuth c i r c l e and the t raversing mechanism Elevashy
t ion is obtained by se t t ing the quadrant at the elevation required and
rota t ing the piece in elevation by the elevating mechanism
Upon f i r ing the Howitzer recoi ls in the cradle a maximum
distance of 375 inches carrying with i t the recoi l band and piston
pul l rods and plunger of the recuperator The energy of recoi l of the
howitzer is absorbedby the resistance which the f lu id in the hydraulic
cylinders offers in being forced through the openings past the pistonslaquo
A portion of the energy of recoi l suff icient to return the howitzer into
ba t t e ry i s absorbed by compressing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder
The return of the piece into bat tery is eased by bullbull-he action of the counter
reco i l buffers which force the f lu id from the cylinder heads through
the small clearance past the cylinder head bushings
SECTION B - RECOIL MECHANirM
Refer to Plate VII
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material
of which they are made see page
The recoi l system operates on th3vpoundrincipal of the hydraulic
brake and is designed to l imit the distance aid regulate the velocity
with which the howitzer moves to the rear when fired
A small portion of the reco i l energy is taken up by compressshy
ing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder but he greater portion is taken
up by tho resis tance the l iquid in the reco i l cylinder offers to being
forced through the or i f ices formed b the t h r o t t l i n g grooves The width
-11shy
of these grooves is uniform but the depth is proportioned so that ths
areas of the orifices varying with the position of the piston during
recoil will be such as to give with the air in the recuperator a conshy
stant resistance throughout the length of recoilbull
In front of the piston the piston rod is extended to form a
buffer This buffer is flatted so thqt the escape of liquid during
counter-recoil through the varying clearances between this and the reshy
coil cylinder head bushing will offer auch resistance as will control
the motion of the howitzer during its return to battery linen the fceccil
piston is in normal recoil position the end of the buffer is back in the
cylinder a distance about 17raquo375 inches from the cylinder head bushing
As the recoil piston travels towards the cylinder head during counter
recoil i t pushes some of the liquid ahead of it into th4 cylinder head
and Tahen the buffer reaches and begins to enter the cylinder head bushshy
ing the cylinder head is filled with the liquid
The recoil mechanism consists of two cylinders fitted in and
locked to cylindrical bosses on the under side of cradle by special nutsshy
Each is closed at the front end by a cylinder head and at the rear end by
a stuffing box The throttling grooves above referred to are three in
number symmetrically located with respect to the longitudinal axis of
the cylinder The piston rod projects through the rear of the cylinder
and is held in the recoil band by two nutsraquo The rear nut should be screwed
up lightly to allow the piston rod to adjust itself in the recoil band
When the piece is fired the piston and piston rod move to the rear with
the recoil band which is attached to the howitzer while the cylinders reshy
main stationary in the cradle A stuffing box with packing and follower
is used to make a tight joint between the piston rod and rear end of cylrU
in front of the stuffing box there is a leather washer which
prevents the l iquid in the cylinder from leaking through the threads
of the stuffing box and also during recoi l keeps the pressure of the
l iqu id from act ing d i rec t ly on the packing in the stuffing box The
cylinder head i s screwed into the front end of the recc i l cyl inder A
bushing i s screwed into the opening of the head to insure proper c learshy
ance for the buffer A tongue and groove with a lea ther washer makes a
t i gh t ftoint between the eylinder and head
_SfiCTION C - RECUPERATOR
Refer t o Plates VIII IX and X
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The recuperator consists of an a i r chanibrer a piston and i t s
packings a plunger and i t s yoke and pu l l rods The pietcn and plunger
s l i de in the cyl indr ica l part of the a i r chamberbull The pis-son rod has a
bearing in the front end of the plunger At t h i s end of th plunger a
yoke connects i t with the pu l l rods which in turn are fastened in the
front by a bracket and in the rear direct t o the reco i l band
The a i r chamber consis ts of a hollow cyl indr ica l forging open
in the front and closed in the rear The cy l indr ica l part in front in
wnich the piston and plunger moveS| i s f i t t e d with a lining of special
watert ight bronze The plunger i s of tfye same material as the l i ne r and
i s machined t o take the piston rod l iquidf and s tuff ing box The plunger
screwed to the yoke and secured by set scraws i s driven at recoi l by the
two pu l l rods which are fastened to the r s co i l band and t r ave l with i t
pu l l rodShave bearings in bushings fixed in lugs on the c rad le 1h3
2 7
-13shy
joint between the plunger and the liner is made tight by a leather
packing held in place by a stuffing box Flax packing held in the stuffshy
ing box by a gland makes the joint between the plunger and the stuffing
box tight A felt washer held by a steel ring and screwedvto the gland
prevents sand or grit from entering the plunger packings
The air chamber or recuperator cylinder plusmn3 locked in a cyshy
lindrical bO3s on the top part of the cradle by a cylinder clamp lock
Flattened places on the pull rod bushings matching up with similar ones
on the shoulder prevent the recuperator cylinder from rotating
The piston consists of a head of special watertight bronze
screwed on a steel rod Ihe front part of the rod is fitted with a bronze
casing and slides in a bearing in the plunge- Its threaded end beyond
the casing is fitted with a nut and washer limiting in the rear the disshy
placement of the piston with respect to the plunger Tallowed flax packshy
ing held by a bronze ring and piston washer held against this ring by
a follower make a tight joint between the piston and cylinder liner A
spring held in place by a nut pinned to the rod presses the f ollower
to the rear against the piston washer
The joint between the piston rod and plunger is similar to that
between the plunger and the cylinder liner
The space in front of the piston and in the plunger is filled with
a solution of glycerine and water the same as in the recoil cylinders
This liquid acts as a seal for the joint between the piston and the liner
and a stop between piston and plunger at counter-recoil
hi air valve body fitted with two needle valves one for filling
and one for emptying is screved in the rear end of the recuperator cylinlor
and connected by tubing to the air pipe connection on the cradle An cb- bull
-14shy
feube runs from this to the pressure gauge hi opening in th-e pipe
connection is used to attach the coiled tube when charging the cylinder
with a i r The opening is closed with a plug when not in use
At the front end of the recuperator cylinder a liquid valve
is bolted and connected by copper tubing to the liquid pipe connection
on the cradle Another tube runs from this to the pressure gauge and
a third to the liquid pump Liquid is poured into the pump through
the opening in the top and pumped through the tubing into the plunger
The liquid pump is fastened to a steel plate support to vhich
is also fastened the two pressure gauges This support is bolted to the
upper part of the cradle on the left sidebull
The pump consists of a pump case or reservoir for the solushy
tion of glycerine and water in the bottom of which is fixed the body
of the pump This contains the inlet valve the outlet valve and the
relief valve and the pump body nut A plunger operated by a lever crank
and link with bearings in the cover and body nut operate in the pump
body (see Plate X)
The relief valve screwed in the top of the pump body has a valve
stem relief spring and capraquo The relief spring is designed to allow the
liquid to blow off at from 2200 to 2500 lbs qpad insures no danampge to the
pump from excess back pressures This spring should never be tampered
with $e t- is adjusted by the manufacturer and tested to function at the
proper pressure If the liquid pump fails to function and there is
practically no resistance offered when the pump lever is operated it nhovs
that there is a back pressure of air in the mechanism To overcome this
disconnect the liquid pipe where i t joins the three way connoction on the
-15shy
of the cradle and operate the lever for a $ew strokes u n t i l l iquid
begins t o flow Reconnect the l iquid pipe to the three way connection
and pump l iquid into the recuperator plunger u n t i l the piston rod washer
just clears the rear gland
SECTION D - ELEVATING MECHANISM
Refer to Pirate XI and XJI
For l i s t of pstrts with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The elevating mechanism consis ts of an elevating rack attached
t o r ight side of the cradle meshing with a pinion which i s operated by
a handwheel through spur g e a r s The spur gearing is supported by the
gear p l a t e and side frame provided -with bronze bushings A band brake
with foot control i s provided to prevent any movement of t he t ipping par ts
when the gun i s f i r e d One turn of the handwheel clockwise elevates the
gun 192 degrees
Refer to Plate XXII
For l is t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page i
The t ravers ing mechanism consis ts of a c i rcular rack fastened to
the base ring and meshing with a pinion bullwhich 1s operated by a handwheel
through a worm and worm wheel The pinion meshing with the rack i s keyed
to the lower end of the v e r t i c a l t ravers ing shaft Tnis shafct has i t s
lower bearing in the t ravers ing shaft bracket ^jhich is bolted to the
racer and i t s upper bearing in the t ravers ing ^ear case which i~ bol-f-oa
t o the le f t side frame The worm whe 3i keyed so bhe upper end cf tho zy-ui
bull46shy
is in mesh with the worm which is keyed to the worm shaft The worn
shaft has both of i t s bearings in the gear case and a handwheel on one
end iThe worm wheel worm and worm shaft are inclosed in the gear case
1W gear case cover has a lug to take the leveling screw bearing pin of
the -sight
SECTION F r
Refer to Plate XXV
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The anti-friction device is designed to relieve the load of the
tipping parts from the main trunnion and ease the elevating and depressing
of the gun It donsists of tvo small trunnions bearing supports adjustshy
ing screws and Belleville springsraquo bull
The weight of the tipping partsr is supported on the small
trunnions and transmitted to the Belleville springs by the bearing supports
and seats The adjusting screvs are tightened up until the crdldle trun^ i
nions have a clearance in the s i i e frame bearings at a l l points This
makes the en t i re elevating load come on the small trunnions and reduces
the handwheel load When the Howitzer i s f i red the Bel lev i l le springs are
compressed and the f i r ing load comes on the side frame bearings
SECTION G - AMMUNITION CRANE f
Refer t o Plate XXVII
For l i s t of pa r t s with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they a r e made see page
Tvo ammunition cranes are bolted to the rear corners of tho
loading platform for use 3a hois t ing ammunition from the ground or amshy
munition t ab l e to the loading t ray bull 2 ampbullgt
For hpistang the 700-pound p ro jec t i l e the shot tongs should
be pdjined d i r e c t l y t o the open socket at the end of the wire-rope For
use with a heavier p ro j ec t i l e an extra sheave block vith a craaae hook
attached- i s provided The wire rope vith the open socket attached^ may
be passed through the blockj by removing one of the p la tes and pinning
t o the mast The shot tangs ^Should then be placed on the crane hook
These two arrangements are shown on p la te XXVII
A section through the drum gearing and f r ic t ion srafetyydevice^
i s shovai on p la te XXVII The cranks may be released with the load dji
any position^ and by v i r tue of the f r i c t i o n safety device the mechanism
wi l l not overhaul The pawl should at a l l times be lef t an mesh with the
ra tche t To insure proper functioning t h i s mechanism should be kept
well lubricated She cranks and the mechanism housed in the drum bracket
should- under no circumstances^ be dismantled in the f ield
l M CAR PROPERj
Refer to Plate XVIII
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Ihe car proper serves as a t ransport f or the travels ing par ts
of the mount outrigger f l o a t s foot p la tes and for the c ross t ies and
bu i l t up H-beams of the foundation platform Ihen lowered on the foundashy
t ion platform i t serves as an emplacement
The car proper consists of a drop frame type of bqdyj vith ends
b u i l t up of s t ruc tu ra l s t e e l p la tes and shapes vitha cast s t e e l center
mounted on tvo six-wheel railway trucks I t i s equipped with four screw
jacks which are used f i r s t t o ra i se the car suff ic ient ly t o allow ths
groundplatf orm to be placed in posit ion under i t and then t o lower uho
-18shy
car until i ts weight rests on the crossties and through them to the
built up H-beams which are spiked to the rail t i e s There are also ffi
outriggers which are set out against wooden floats sunkin pits and back-
ed by earth The outriggers serve to keep the mount stationary during
firing
The over-all dimensions of the car body ends which as stated
above are built up of structural steel shapes and plates are length
12 feet 75 inches width 8 feet 55 inches The underframe is comshy
posed of two center si l ls four intermediate s i l l s and four side siljs
connected to a base plate in the center of the car which forms the lower
level of the car body Ihese si l ls are tied together ^t each end by
channel and s i l l s and cross braced by a body bolster 5 feet 95 inches
from each end The floor plate covering the sil ls consists of four steel
platesbull A step and a hand hold or grab iron is provided at each corner
SECTION I - Trucks
Refer to Plate XXXII
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The trucks of which there are two are of built up type the
frame being made up of plates and steel castings The center portion of
the frame is a steel casting forming a bolster and is riveted to the side
pieces Separate MraquoCraquoBlaquo center plates are riveted to the top of the
bolsters- Side bearings consisting of steel plates held in position by
cast recesses are placed on 45-inch centers The vertical distance from
the side bearing surface to the center plate ie 275 inches Steel
ings are riveted to the side^plates which fern the pedestals
-19shy
Th e journals a re standard MCB amppound x 10 and 28-inch wheampls
of ro l l ed s t e e l are pressed on the a x l e s
The loading on the t rucks r s t ransmitted t o the journals by )
s emi -e l l i p t i c springs and equalizers The equalizers bear on the journal
boxes and t h e i r outer ends are supported by coi l springs held dn place by
the pedestal cast ings
Inside hung brakes are applied on four wheels of each truck
The brake beams are MCraquoB No 4 t russed type with shoes keyed to heads
The beams are hung from brackets cast on the t ruck frames Separate cast
s t e e l lugs are riveted on both sides of the bols ter for connecting the
dead lever guides on one side and the l ive lever guides on the1 other
J -VBRAKESJL
Refer to Plates XIX XX XXI XXII XXIX XXX XXXI XXXIII
For Lis t of pa r t s vith t h e i r piece narks and the materialsof
which they are rcade see page
The car i s equipped vith both hand and airbrakes operated by^the
same system of levers and so arranged tha t e i ther can be applied independshy
ently I t i s necessary to apply the handbrakes at each end separa te ly
The ai rbrakes are connected by the t r a i n l i n e pipe and operated simshy
ul taneous ly Detached brake cylinders and reservoi rs Westinghouse type
D 10 x 12 See p la tes XXIX and XXX) are provided with K-2 t r i p l e valves
(See p l a t e XXXIII)raquo There i s also a centr i fugal d i r t co l l ec to r (See p la te
XXXI) and the necessary pipes valves and connections for f re igh t car
equipment
P la tes XIX and XX show the arrangement of brake pa r t s a t e i ther
end of the mount From these pla tes i t w i l l be seen tha t the handbrakes
2317amp
-20shy
can be applied without disturbing the piston in the brake-cylindershy
the piston rod being made up of tubing in which the cylinder push rod
slides It will be further noted that the handbrake staff is connected
to a horizontal lever by means of a pull rod and chain The horizontal
lever is connected to the brake cylinder on one end andto the truck
live lever on the other end by means of rods and levers
The reservoirs are equipped with a valve operated by a rod
which can be pulled to release the air brakes quickly when desired
Ihe triple valve governs the flow of air allowing air to pass
from the train line into the reservoir and from the reservoir to the
cylinders liVhen pressure in the train line is reduced the triple valve
admits air from the reservoir into the cylinder and when pressure in the
train line is again raised the triple valve closes the passage of air
from the reservoir to the cylinder and at the same time allows the air
in the cylinder to escape into the atmosphere This automatically reshy
leases the brakes The reservoir is again recharged from the train line
to the required pressure These operations are effected by opening or
closing of ports in the triple valve by variations in the air pressure
A dirt collector located between the triple valve and the train
line collects dirt from the air before i t passes into the triple valve
The dirt thus collected may be blown out of the dirt collector by openshy
ing a valve at its bottom
_SEC_TION K - DRAFT GEAR AND FRTiNCH COUPLERS
(a) Draft Gear Refer t o p l a t e XXXVII
For l i s t of p a r t s vith t h e i r piece marks and the mater ia l of
which they are made see page bull
2317$
-21shy
The draft gear is known as the Westinghouse friction Type
The V-estinghouse friction parts are enclosed in a drum which is so applied
between cast steel draft lugs to receive the buffing and pulling shocks
The coupler is Gould Coupler Companys pattern Z-201
(b) To Couple the Car
One man-required Tools needed none Car pusher can be used if locomotive is not
available
(1) Set the handbrakes on car enough to keep-it from moving easily
when bumped
(2) Gpen the knuckle on car by lifting the handle of the uncoupling
lever This movement will f i r s t unlock the knuckle so i t can be pulled
open but continuing the movement of uncoupling lever will throw the
knuckle open without the necessity of going in front of or between the
cars When the knuckle of either car i s open i t is only necessary to
Erring the cars together until the open knuckle closes aftd i t will lcopyck
aut orcat ic al 1 y
(c) To uncouple car
(l) Raise the uncoupling lever on one car enough to release the
knuckle and the cars may be pulled apart
(d) French Coupler - Refer to Plates XXXV and XXXVI
For l i s t of parts wiflitheir piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page bull
The bumper blOGks are of white oak each secured to the end s i l l
channels by six 1-inch diameter and two 15-inch diameter bolts To
these blocks the buffers safety chains and parts of the draft hooks are
fastened as shovai on Plate XXXV
The screw couplers safety chains and buffers conform to the
standard now adopted for US Government freight cars in France With
t h i s arrangement and when the car i s connected to the ammunition car
or some other car the couplers draw them together producing compression
in the buffer spr ings
At each end of the car there are two different types of buffers
one with a f l a t buffing surface and the other with a curved surface
Similar buffers are located diagonally opposite on the car in order that
when the cars are coupled together the f l a t buffer of one car will butt
against the curved buffer of the next car This i s done to prevent
damage to buffers when t ra in is rounding a curve
The buffrer housing which contains the compression spring and
ac ts as a guide for the buffer i s bolted to the bumper block by four
bol ts bull A buffer p la te however i s placed between the buffer housing and
the bumper block to give a bet ter bearing surface The large end of the
spring referred to above res ts against a c i rcular p la te and the small end
against the buffer In order to prevent the spring from pushing these
tvo apart a 1875-inch diameter pin is provided which has a head at one
end amdl a t the other end a key projecting through the pin and a collarlaquo
The above mentioned c i rcular p la te se ts up into the buffer housing fqr
enough to allow clearance between the bumper block and the buffer plate
for the col lar and key but i t is prevented from being pushed back by a
cast s t ee l ring bolted to the buffer p l a t e
The draft hook projects through the bumper block end s i l l and
cast s t ee l draft spring stop to a cast s t ee l block which is held to i t by
a nut and s p l i t pin This l a t t e r block i s guided by lugs on the center
23175
sampll and takes the thrust of the compression spring which is seated
at i t s large end on tho draft spring stop rivetedto the center s i l l
of car The draft hook is also guided by another cast steel block restshy
ing against the1draft hook plate and bolted to a bumper block The
shoulders of the draft hook butt up- against this block when released
thus stopping i ts inward motion
The screw coupling is fastened by a pin vith cotter to a
hole in the draw hook It consists of the yoke attached to the draw
hook a clevis for hooking to the next car and a right and left hand
screw to draw the yokes and clevis togetherbull Attached to the middle
of the screw is an arm with a ball at the end which is used as a handle
to operate the screw The right hand threads on one side of this handle
screws through a pin holding the y6kes together The left hand threads
on the other side of the handle screw through a similar pin connected to
the clevis These pins are held in place by cotter pins A screv couplshy
ing is provided at each end of the car but when the train is made -up
only one coupling is used at each connection Mien not in use the loose
end of the coupling is swung on a hook attached to the draft hook plate
under the bumper blocks
Safety chains one on either side ox the draft hook serve as a
coupling in case the screw coupling or draw hooks are out of order These
consist each of a chain and hook fastened to car by an eye bolt The eye
bolt passes through the bumper block and end s i l l and are held in place
by nuts with a split pin To allow a l i t t l e give to the chain four spring
washers are inserted between the end s i l l channel and the nutraquo A cast
steel guide bolted to the bumper block acts as a stop and guide for the
23176
eye bolts and chain
(e) To Couple Cars Refer to Plate XXXVIlaquo
One man required Tools needed^ none
Car pusher can be us 3d if- locomotive is not available
(1) Set hand brako on stationary car (not completely but enough
so that car will move only slightlyif bumped) and bring the cars as
clc-Sff together as buffers will allow
(2) Stampndlig LeUveen cars inside of buffers l i f t one of the screw
couplings from the hook under bumper block and hook staple on draft hook
of other car (if the staple does not reach the hook the coupling will
have to be lengthened by turning the screw with handle)
(3) Tighten screw until there is just enough compression in the
draft hook and buffer springs to make cars ride easily The screw can
be turned easily by raising the ball attached to end of handle in the
proper direction until i t will fal l by i t s own weight thus completing
one turn By repeating above operations the required amount of turns
can be made
(4) Hook the safety chains of one car to the chains of the other
car (5) Connect a ir hose and open angle cock
(6) Release handbrake
(f) To Uncouple Cars
Reverse the process of coupling described above taking care
that the screw coupling is screwed a l l the way out before the staple is
hung on the hook
2317$
^ JL- JACKS
Refer to Platcopy XXV
(a) For l i s t 03 par ts vith t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Four bu i l t in jack screws are located in the corners of the
base p la te d i rec t ly above the r a i l s of a standard gauge t rack
Each jack consists of a ram screw nut r screw gear pinion
pinion stud ratchet pawl ratchet housing and lever
The rain carr ies a nut into which the screw works On the upper
end of the screw i s a screw gear meshing with a pinion on the pinion s tud
A ratchet meshing vith the pinion is turned by a ratchet pawl attached to
the ratchet housing which in turn i s bull operated by a long hand lever
There are two jack blocks 9 inches wide 8 inches high and 5
feet 6 inches long provided vith each ca r These blocks placed across
the r a i l s act as bearings for the jacksraquo In order to raise the car the
jack blocks are placed across the r a i l s so-that the two jackscrews at
each end wil l rest upon them
Four 20-inch 25-ton auxi l iary jacks having a t o t a l r i s e of 9
inches are carried on each railway car and weight-approximately 95 pounds
ea[ch They can be used for emergency purposes or in case the regular
jacks are out of ordershy
(b) To ra ise mount with screw jacks refer to plate XXV
Two men required on each set of jacks (four if both ends of car are to be raised)
Tools needed 4 Jack levers bull
2317 6
(1) Place jack blocks across rails under jacksf The faces
of the block with the bearing surfaces should be next to the rail and
jack screws
(2) Turn jack lever until ends of jack screw bear on the jack
blocking Be sure the jack blocking is correctly placed so as to give
good bearing- 011 rails and continue turning levers until car is high
enough to permit the foundation stringer to be placed under the base
plate then put isu the foundation cross beams
(c) To Lower Car Refer to plate XXV
Reverse procedure as outlined in (b) above
(d) To Raise mount with auxiliary jacks Refer to plate XXV
Two men required Tools needed
4 Auxiliary Jacks
4 Wood blocks about 4 x 4 x 4
(l) Arrange blocking directly under seats of t i e rod bracket
castings The top of this blocking should be about 9 inches below the top
of the rai l in order to get the jacks under the mount
(2) Place auxiliary jacks on these blocks arrange pawl so that
jack will raise when handle is lowered insert handle in socket and raise
by pumping until jack engages with lower surface of base plate Operate
jacks until mount is raised sufficient to place foundation
(3) Remove jacks after foundation is placed
jBCTION M - F0I3N DATION
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXIV
The foundation i s intended to take the load off the car
trucks and t ransfe r i t d i rec t ly to the ground through r a i l t i e s 23176
- 2 7 shy
I t i s nade up of four cross beams which support the side
intermediate and center s i l l s of the car and which in turn transmit the
to t-70 l inos of H-b earns placed para l le l to and outside of the r a i l s
on each side of the track Each l ine of beams is composed of two separate
channel irons bolted to each other and Spiked with screw spikes to the
r a i l t i e s in order to prevent movement
The material for the foundation platform is stored on car in
f rent of ammunition t r a y On the car the H-beams are placed at r ight angles
to the t r ack In tack of the beams the cross t ies are placed These beans
and cross t ies are blocked in front by the outrigger brackets in back by
the loading t rays and on the sides by the outriggers On top of the cross-
t i e s the jack blocks are placed These are held in place by fastening the
rope attached to them to the loading tray legs
(b) To place for f i r i n g - Refer to Pla te XXIV
men needed-
Tools required
3 - 2 x 4 timbers about 3 long for parrying H-b earns
1 - Wrench double 0625 and 0laquo75 U43F
The t rack at the location where the gun is to be placed should be
previously prepared The r a i l s should be leveled up and the ba l las t tamped
well under the t i e s
(1) Remove foundation jack block from car platform and place across
the r a i l s with center l ines d i rec t ly under the screw jacks
(2) Raise the car by means of the screw jacks (See Sect L Division
b
2317 6
-28shy
(3) Remove foundqtion stringers from car platform two to be
placed on either side of the track
(4) Place the stringers under the flange of the base plate as
near the rai l as possible and parallel to the track with the ends of the
stringers on either side of the track approximately opposite each other
(5) Connect the stringers at the center by four 75 x 1375
bolts bull
(6) Remove the cross beans from the car platform
(7) Flace the cross beams under the side sillsr of the car restshy
ing on the foundation stringere
(8) Lower the car by means of the screw jacks until the center
portion of the base plaite rests on the foundation stringers and the ends
of the side intermediate and center s i l ls rest on the cross beams
(9) Screw up jacks until they clear blocking by at least one half
inch before firing
(c) To Disassemble foundation and load for carrying
8 men required Tools neededs
1 wrench double raquo625 and 75 U43F 2 Track wrenches 4712C 1 Crowbar 1243A
To disassemble reverse procedure outlined in (b) above
To load the material on car platforms for carrying proceed as follows
(1) Place crossties on car platform against ammunition tablet
The ends of the crossties should be perpendicular to the tracks
(2) Place H~beams with webs vertical next to crossties
(3) Place jack blocks on crossties and lash to legs of ammunition
table 23170
SECTION N - OUTRIGGERS
( a ) Description Refer to Plate XXIIIbull
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the mat copyrial of
which they are made see page
There are eight outriggers furnished with e^ch mount which
form braces to prevent the mount from tipping over or from sl iding on
the foundation -platform when the gun isrbeing f i r ed
The four end outriggers which are fastened both when and
when not in use to a socket on the side of the car should be used ^ien
the gun i s f ired vith in the sector 45 degrees to the r ight or to the
l e f t of the longitudinal center l ine of the car They are each rnade up
of 6-inch hot drawn Shelby s tee l tubing vith an adjusting scifcew on one
end and an eye and pin on the other The adjusting screw has a ba l l on
the end and can be screved in or out of the nut s t ru t end with a s tee l
rod which f i t s into holes provided next t o the b a l l The fixed end of
the outrigger res ts in asocket casting on the car side and the ball of
the adjusting screwscrests in the foot p la te used to d i s t r ibu te the load
over the wooden f l o a t From the nut s t ru t end to a bracket on the car
d i rec t ly below the outrigger bracket is a t i e rod As the center l ine of
the outrigger s t ru t does not pass through the trunnions of the gun there
i s an overturning tendency when the gun is f i red normal to track The
purpose of the t i e rod i s to counteract t h i s tendency
The four side outriggers which are also fastened to a socket
on the side of the car should be used when the gun is f i red within the
sec tor 45 degrees to the r ight or l e f t of a cross center l ine of the ca r
23176
They ar4 the same in every respect as the end outriggers
The footplates are of cast steel and are used to transmit the
thrust from the struts to the f loats Their lower surfaces are smooth
and the upper parts have sockets to receive the ball ends of the struts
Each float is built up of two layers of Mocking so as to disshy
tribute the ioad from the strut over 20 square feet of ground surface
The lower layer is composed of fine white oak blocks and the upper layer
of three blocks a l l bolted togetlis3raquo There are two angle guides bolted
to the upper surface of the floats for guiding the foot plates
Mien not in use the floats and footplates are placed on the
car platform The floats are piled in an inclined position against the
ammunition trough in the rear of the car The footplates are piled on
the front platform of the car qgnd lean against the ammunition table
The float lashingi for holding the floats in position (See
Plate XXVl) while in transit is composed of five wire ropes fastened toshy
gether by steel rings and turnbuckles When the floats are loaded in
traveling position two of the wire ropes held together by a turnbuckle
are passed around the lower part of the floats and secured to the amshy
munition table by steel rings At the upper part of the float two more
wire ropes are passed around also held together by turnbuckles and seshy
cured to the ananunition table by steel rings The upper lashing is held
in place by the angles on the sides and by another wire rope in the rear
fastened to the platform Turning the turnbuckles tightens the ropes and
holds the floats in place
The footplate lashing for holding the foot plates in position
vhile in transit is composed Of one wire rope with a hook on one end and
23176
- 3 1 shy
a tumbuckle on the other Illhen the pla tes are loaded in traveling posishy
t ion the rope i s fastened to the lower angle of the ammunition tab le and
run diagonally along the foot p la tes from the bottom rear to tfre top front
Ihey are prevented from sl iding forward by an-angle at the f ron t Turning
the turnbuckle t ightens the rope and holds the pla tes in p lace
The s t ru t s and end t i e rods are fixed permanently to the sockets
on the mount and vdien not in use are swung around and hung on the side of
the mount bull The center t i e rods are taken off and placed on top of the
loading platform in back of the front ammunition t a b l e
(b) To Place an End Outrigger for F i r ing
Six men required
Tools needed 2 - 2raquo x 6 inch boards 8 f t long 1 - s l ing of rope about 30 f t long 2 - Shovels 8819A 2 - Picks U51A 1 - Long handled shovel 1 - Axe U51D 1 - 0875 diameter x 24 rod to turn s t r u t adjusting screwshy1 - Crowbar 1243A 1 - Hammer U48F 1 - 2 x 4 timber about 5 long f^rtftatepiftg earth 1 - Rule 1 - Tape measure 4 - Stakes
1 - 1 x 2 board exactly 90 inches long
(1) Move t i e if necessary and lay off oblong on ground 60 x 35
so that one corner of the long side is 56 from center of mount and 28
from center l i ne of trucks and the other corner will be 108 from center
l i ne of mount and 68 from center l ine of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pplusmnb u n t i l sides meet at a depth of 90 from top
of car platform
23176
(3) Loosen up turn bustle of footplate lashing^ and remove a l l foot
plates from platform and place them on ground in a convenient place
(-) Uohooi float lashing and throw to one side away from f loats
Fasten sling around upper f loat Slide i t dovn skids to ground and place
i t in p i t with i t s under surface resting on rear or sloping part of pi t
and with angles s t i l l horizontal
(5) Place a foot plate vdth i t s under surface bearing in the center
and between angles on the f loa t
(D) Lift outrigger strut out of carrying bracket and swing i t arround
on the socket casting and turn adjusting screw up in the strut so as to
isike i t as short as possible If i t is difficult to turn the adjusting
screw the 875 inch diameter rod should be used which f i t s in the holes
next to the ball-end Swing end of outrigger around until the ball is
right over socket of foot plate and turn adjusting screw out until the ball
bears against socket and causes compression in the strut
(7) Remove t i e roduf rom car and fasten to strutbull Turn the tumshy
buckle until rod is t igh t
(8) Pile earth against the part of under surface of float which
projects above the ground level tamping well to give a good bearing for
the whole under surface of float
(c) To Place a side Outrigger for Firing Refer to Plate XXIII
Six men required
Tools needed Same as for (b) above
( l ) Lay off oblong on ground 60 x 55^ so that one oorner of the
long side is IQOfl from center line of mount and 128 back from center line
23176
- 3 3 shy
of trucks and the other end Ls 155 from center line of mount and 128
back from center line of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pit until sides meet in the center of the pit at
a distance of 90 from the top of car platform
(3) Place floats and foot plates in the same manner as for end outshy
riggers
(4) Swing outrigger from mount and turn adjusting screw out until
the ball end bears against sOcket and causes compression in the strut
(5) Remove center t ie rods from car platform and connect to t ie rod
studs ^lowing rod to drop down to lugs on lower part of outrigger beam
and adjust turnbuckle until pin can be inserted in the holes in lugs
(6) Pile earth agpoundpoundnst part of under surface of float which projects
above the ground levellaquo tamping well to give a good bearing for the vhole
surface of floatbull
(7) Remove remaining floats if there are any from end car platshy
form and place them in a convenient place out of the my
(d) Tos Adjust Screw on Outriggers Refer to Plate XXIII
Qne man required
Tools needed
bull875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B
After the gun has been fired i t may be |ound that the outriggers
have packed the earth under the float and that the struts do not bear
firmly against the foot plates After every firing the adjusting screws
should be turned out if necessary in ordefr to make firm bearing As
stated above the adjusting screw should be turned out by means of the
bull875-inch rods which f i t in holes next to the ball end of the strut
23176
bull - 3 4 shy
(amp) To Adjust Floats Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed bull875 diameter by 24-inch rod 106B 1 Crowbar 1243A
If the movement of earth under the floats continues as the
firing goes on until the adjusting screws have reached their outward limit
earth or blocking will have to be placed under the float to give a new
bearing surfacelaquo To do this proceed as follows
(1) Turn adjusting screw up in the struts as irar as i t will go
(2) With crowLars move the foot plates and floats up tovyard the
car keeping their inclination the same as before
(3) Hold the floats in this position by means of wedges and f i l l in
the back of floats with earth or blocks until the whole under surface of
the floats have a firm bearing
(4) Turn adjusting screw out again to give compression in the strut
I t may be necessary also to adjust the length of t ie rod on side outriggers
which can be done by turning turn buckle
(f ) To Place Had Outrigger strut for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed
0875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B Hammer U48F
(1) Remove pin with spli t pin holding end t i e rod to outrigger
strut swing t i e rod around and hang i t on bracket on side of the mount
(2) Turn adjusting screv up on the strut as far as i t vail go
Swing free end of strut around and hanamp i t on bracket on side of mount
23176
- 3 5 shy
(g) To Place Sidcopy Outrigger for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII-
Four men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F -875-inch by 24-inoh rod 106B
(1) Remove pin connecting side t i e rod to outrigger s t r u t remove
t i e rod from bracket and place on car platform (see Plate XXIII)bull
(2) Turn adjusting screw of s t r u t up as far as i t wi l l go- thus
allowing s t ru t to swing free of foot p l a t e shy
(3) Lift free end of s t ru t and swing around on to top of base
p la t e inside of outrigger support
(h) To Place Floats and Foot p la tes for carrying - Refer to
Plate XXVI
Six men required
Tools needed 1 sl ing of 1-inch rope about 30 f t long 1 wrench double 0625 and 0raquo75 U43F 1 pinch bar i crowbar 1243A
(1) Lay foot p la tes to one side raise f i r s t f loa t with crowbar
and then s l ide f loat up skids on to rear platform of car Place f loat
vith long side against ammunition trough and angle side out angles benjig
v e r t i c a l (See Plate XXVI)
(2) Place second i l o a t as abovevwith the under surface of same
res t ing against the angles of the f i r s t f loa t bull
(3) Continue loading f loa t s as in (2) un t i l the l a s t one has been
placed on the mount
(4) Last f loa t s together as described in (a)raquo
23176
-36shy
(5) Place foot p la te on le f t front of car in inclined position
res t ing against ammunition table
(6) Continue loading remaining foot p la tes ampa in (5) un t i l the
l a s t one has been placed on the mount
(7) Laah foot p la tes together as described in ( a )
SECTION 0- - AMMUNITION HANDLING
Refer to Plates XV and XXVII
A t r i p l e x block lowers the ammunition from the ammunition car in
the rear of the mount to the ammunition trough bolted to the platform of
the Howitzer c a r The upper surface of the t ray is bu i l t on an incl ine
do that the ammunition can be s l i d on to a t a b l e This table wil l hold
seven p r o j e c t i l e s The crane (See Sect G ) ho is t s the ammunition from
the table to the loading t ray on the traversing part of the mount ampa inshy
cl ine trough extends from th i s t ray to tike breech of the Howitzer- Two
men then push the pro jec t i l e down the inclined surface into the breech of
the howitzer
ggCTION PVr MUZZLE SUPPORT
(a) Description Refer to Plates I and II
For l i s t of par ts with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The gun when traveling i s held firmly to the mount by a muzzle
support and band The muzzle of the gun res t s on the muzzle support which
in tum is supported by the ammunition trough A wire rope i s passed over
the muzzle and to the ammunition trough by a band latch and hinge On
one end of the vire rope a stud i s fastened in an open socket This stud
f i t s in a hole in the band latch and has a nut on i t By tightening th is
23176
laquo-37shy
nut the rope holds the muzzle- of the gun on the muzzle block
(b) To Place Muzzle Support
One man required
Tools needed 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s 1 - wrench double 0375 and 1 U4-3G
( l ) Depress gun to 0 degrees elevation and traverse to 0 degrees
azimuth having muzzle support block in place
(3) Place gun band over muzzle of gun and fasten to band hinge on
One side and band labrh stud on other side
(3) Screw up nut on band latch stud un t i l band is t igh t on muzzle
of gun
SECTION Q_raquo_ - CHESTS
One tool chest and two armament chests are carried with each mount-
They are made of 062-inch s tee l reinforced by angles on the outsidebull The
p la tes are flanged a t the corners to connect to adjacent p l a t e s Two f l a t
s t raps riveted to the bottom by countersunk r ivets serve to protect the
bottom of the chest
The covers are hinged t o the back of the chests and have catches
On e i ther side to hold them open The coders are locked by a lock bolt
a t each side and by Yale lock in the middle The chests are equipped with
handles on each end
The tool chest i s 4C-inches long 20-inches wide and 24-inches
h igh I t is equipped vith one t ray which res ts on shelf angles This chest
i s carried on the r ight end platform of the mount alongside of the loading
trough when t r a v e l i n g Lug angles bolted to the floor p la tes prevent i t
from shift ing
23175
The armament chests are 4G~inches long 20-inches wide and 12shy
inches high They are equipped with two trays placed on top of each
bdquobull -rltA supported on tne chest bottom
bullWhen the mcunt is traveling these chests are placed on the front
of the car platform just in back of the ammunition t a b l e They are held
in t h i s position with angles which are bolted to the floor p l a t e s
The chests should be removed from mount when in f i r ing position
and placed in some convenient p lace
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXXIV
The mount may be camouflaged using the five color system
following the foliage design vith color key in black and white shown on
Pla te XXXIV
The object of th i s method of painting is to break up the lamprge
surfaces into a number of small sections so as to produce the appearance
of a c lus ter of shrubbery vith patches of l ight and shadow
To completely camouflage the mount i t should be covered with a
semi-transparent camou1 lagcopy canopy of ten t form similar to that used for
tljre 12-in oh Gun Railway Carriage shown on drawings Class 85 Division 22
Drawings 1 2 and 3raquo
(b) Pa)ntslaquo
The pa in ts to be used are the Q Government Camouflage Paints
prepared for the five color sjrstem and in the proportion as follows
applied over a coat of Ordnance Grey and never on bare metal
123455
Brown Yellow Cream Green Mauve Black
No 4041 4C42
4043 4044 4046 4045
-10 3 5 10 2 1
par ts
bullbull deg 23176
- 39shy
Th e paiat numbers referred to above are the US Government
Paijit numbers The parts referred to indicate the relative amounts of
paints of the different colors which will be required to camouflage one
12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount
Each color for convenience should be furnished for use in one
gallon friction top cans with handle Paints should be furnished in the
cans mixed ready for use Mien paint becomes too thick and i t is necessary
to thin use ^linseed oil and turpentine for that purpose being careful
not to use too much turpentine
(c) To Apply the Paint
To apply the paint the surface should be free of all sand
cinders dirt and oil Paint formerly applied and adhering firmly to the
surface need not be removed The section to which the different colors
are to be applied are then laid off in accordance with the design shown
on Plate
After the mount has been properly marked off into the different
sections the colors should be carefully applied care being taken to inshy
sure an even smooth coatf After the different colors have been applied
the lines where the colors meet should be covered with a black band about
one and one quarter inches wide Rrecautions should be taken to see that
the paint is dry and hard before permitting anything to come in contact
with the painted surface
(d) To Remove Paint
The paint may be removed by turpentine or by the use of a paint
torch if care is taken in the use of the flame
pound3 L7
-40shy
MAINTMANCE OFJEHE
SECTION A - Care of Recoil Mechanism
(a) The recoil cylinder should be emptied and refilled once every
three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months or ofterier if
conditions require i t
The liquid inithe recoil cylinder is a solution of esectual parts
glycerine and water- The density of the liquid should be 115 and should
have a neutral or alkaline reaction oaused by adding caustic soda or
caustic potash chemically pure A hydrometer which is kept in the arshy
mament chest whennot in use is furnished to test the solution for densityraquo
This liquid should be filtered through a clean piece of muslin or linen
before using Ihe glycerine should be kept in closed cans provided for
the purpose and be carefully protected from dirt sand and g r i t Liquid
drawn from cylinders and containing sediment must not be used again until
i t has been allowed to set t le for not less than 24 hours
(b) To dismount recoil mechanism Refer to Plate VII
The dismounting of the recoil mechanism should never be undertaken
in the f ield
Four men required one cylinder at a time
Tools neededWrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Buckets Can Screw drivershy U45W gt Wrench single 425 nuts U596D Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower
lt
U596A Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C Wrench recoil cylinders U596B
(1) Elevate the Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plug and drain
liquid from cylinder into buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders
(2) Remove looking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
iod nuts rear
(3) Remove air from recuperator by unscrewing emptying valve on
rear end of recuperator cylinder
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug on the recoil band clears
the end of piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nut front
(5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rod remove follower
gland and packing and screw follower and stuffing box back into the
cylinder
(6) Remove cylinder head weight 174 pounds
(7) Draw piston rod vith piston out through cylinder head end of
cylinder The weight of piston rod vith piston is approximately 392 pounds
care should therefore be used in handling itraquo
(8) Unscrew recoil cylinder and slide cylinder out The cylinder
weighs 628 pounds
(9) Stuffing box follower and leather vasher rray be removed Lockshy
ing screw need not be removed
(c) To Assemble Recoil Mechanism Refer to Plate VII bull
The assembling of the recoil mechanism should never be under
taken in the field
Four men required
Tools needed Wrench recoil cirlinders U596B Screw driver U45S Wrench recoil cylinders U595B Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
- 4 2 shy
Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U595D Screw driver U45W Wrench double 0625 and075 U43F Hand mallet U47AN bull Brass rod 0312 (516) diameter by 12 inches Glycerine and water solution (either new or used) Hydrometer (if solution is new) Filling funnel Can
6 rings of 0375 inch Garlock packing
(1) Insert recoil cylinder in cradle and push i t through until
threads on cylinder come in contact with threads on cradle- Turn cylinder bull
with wrench on flats at stuffing box end until cylinder flange bears fineshy
ly on cradle andnotch in flange at stuffing box end lines up with hole
in cylinder for locking screw
(2) Screw locking screw in cradle
(3) Insert piston rod in cylinder and place leather washer stuffing
box washer stuffing box with gland and follower in place and piston
rod nut (front) on rod when it is pushed through stuffing box end of tcyshy
linder Screw stuffing box in place and ppoundsh piston rod to rear through
recoil band advancing piston rod nut until the distance from the end of
the threaded end of rod to the rear end of cylinder equals 24375- - 001
inches 1
(4) Look the front and rear piston rod nuts
(5) Pack the stuffing box as per instructions erection A division e
(6) With leather washer and recoil cyiinderhead bushing in place
screw on cylinder head v
(7) Fill cylinder vith the glycerine and water solution using f i l l shy
ing funnel prescribed as per instructions section A division d
(d) To Fil l ret oil cylinders Refer to Plate VII
- 4 3 shy
Two men required
Tools needed Wrenchj double 0raquo625 and 075 U43F Pilling Funnel Glycerine and water solution (either new or used)
Hydrometer (if solution is new)
(1) Set Howitzer at 0 degree with recoil band against stops on
cradle and remove filling plugs
(2) In3ert fi l l ing funnel ampnd f i l l to overflowing with solution
of glycerine and water Allow escape of air ref i l l remove funnel and
screw filling plugs tight
(e) To Pack Stuffing Box- Refer to Plate VII
One man required
Tools needed Spanner wrench stuffing box follower- U596A Hand mallet U47AN 60 rings of 0375-inch Garlock packing Screw driver U45W Wrench single 425 nuts U50D Wrench box U423D Brass rod 0312 (5l6) diameter by 12 inches Can
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs and drain
liquid from cylinders to buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders Elevate
Howitzer to 0 degree elevation
(2) Allow air to escape from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing
exhaust stem in valve rear end of cylindershy
(3) Remove locking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug 033 the recoil band clears
the end of the piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nuts
front
-44shy
5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rodj remove follower
guand and packing screw stuffing box back into cylinder and discard
any of the packing that is unfit for use If any is used to repack i t
should be put in after new
(6) To repack put on the piston rod one ring of the packing and shy
force i t well to the bottom of the stuffing box by brass rod and malletlaquo
Treat each ring of packing in the same manner beingcareful to break
joints until three rings of new packing or an equal amount of new and
old packing have been inserted Enter the gland and follower in the box
and soreyen up t ight
(7) Screw piston rod nuts (front) on rods slide Howitzer forward
put piston rod nuts (rear) on and add locking screws
(8) Fill recoil cylinder as prescribed in section A division (d)
(9) Fill recuperator cylinder with air as prescribed in-section B
division (d)
The addition of the leather vasher around the piston rod in front
of the stuffing box allows less force to tighten the follower than if it
were the plain packing
The follower should be tightened up from time to time If i t is
screwed into the stuffing box too tightly an unnecessary amount of fricshy
tion will be produced On the rod Hi en the follower is screwed 4n until
the flange strikes the box i t should be repacked
(f) To Clean Recoil Cylinders
This operation should not b3 undertaken in the field
Three men required Tools needed
Wrench double 0525 and 075 U43F Buckets Can bull
Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower U596A Screv driver U45W Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U596D Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
Plumbers hand force pump with hose
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs drain liquid
into buckets^ and elevate Howitzer to 0 degree
(2) Remove locking screws frrom piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(3) Release followers a few turns remove cylinder heads weight
174 pounds each apd draw out piston rods as prescribed in section A
division (b)
(4) Thoroughly clean cylinders vith kerosene oil forced into both
ends with pump and wipe the interiors dry with clean waste Clean the
piston rod and cylinder heads
(5) Replace piston rod cylinder heads and tighten follower Screw
nuts in place on piston rod and lock
SECTION B - Care of Recuperator
(a) In general Refer to plate VIII bull
The recuperator cylinder and plunger should be emptied and reshy
fil led onpe every three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months
or of tenor if conditions require itlaquo
The liquid in the plunger is the same as that in the recoil
cylinder (See section A division (a) second paragraph)
The in i t ia l pressure of the air$ with Howitzer in lottery should
be 1550 pounds per square inch and of the liquid 1700 pound per equate
inch The pressures are indicated by the pressure gauges on the su^poi-
2 b _ bullbullbull
- 4 6 shy
vith the pump If the pressure of the air is not sufficient to reshy
turn the howitzer to tattdry at maximum elevation 60 degrees and if the
plunger is not full of liquid pump glycerine solution into plunger until
either normal pressure or a full plunger is obtained provided that the
variation from 1550 pounds per square inch is small
If this variation islarge connect the compressed air tank and
raise the pressure in the air chamber The amount of space between the
rear face-of tige washer on the front end of the piston rod and the front
face of the stuffing bampx gland indicates the amount the pistonjhas moved
toward the plunger caused by leakage of the liquid When this distance
equals approximately 5875 inches the piston is resting against the plunger
the plunger must be refilled with liquid before this condition exists or
serious darcage will be done There should always be a space between the
rear face of the washer and the front face of the gland even vhen plunger
is full of liquid Because if the washer is against the gland there is
nothing to indicate that the liquid pressure is balanced by the air pressure
and any excess liquid pressure may damage the piston rod
The pull rod bearings in cradle should always be well lubfcicsated
(b) To Dismount Recuperator Refer to Plate VIIIbull
This operation should never be done in the field unless i t becomes
absolutely necessary The Howitzer must not be elevated while the re-
cup erfi t or is dismounted
Five men required
Tools needed Wrench box U423D Spanner wrench U423E Wrench double 125 and 15 U--33A Screw driver U45AN
- 4 7 shy
Cocket wrench U422G Handle U422H Socket wrenchU422D
bullWrench double 0875 and 1 UltL-3G Wrench U423A Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Screw driver U45AE Socket wrenehi U422C
(1) With the Howitzer at 0 degrees open upper stem on l iquid
valve un t i l l iquid begins to escape then c lose
(2) Depress the Howitzer t o -5 degrees and secure by means of the
muzzle support
(3) Empty a i r from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing both steins
in a i r valve at rear end of cylinder I t i s very important t h a t - a l l the a i r
be allowed to escape before removing any p a r t s
(4) Slack off the front nuts on the large stuffing box at front end
r l recuperator cylinder in order to take the pressure off of the plunger
caused by the pqcking
(5) Push plunger and piston t o the rear with i t s yoke unt i l pul l
rod bushings are uncovered holding pul l rods in the i r original pos i t ion
-(6) Block up under plunger at a point just behind the yoke to
support plunger
(7) Remove lock screw in each yoke bushingbull
(8) Unscrew yoke bushingsbull
(9) Remove pull-rod bracket
(10) Push pul l rods to r ea r
(11) Remove yoke bushings
(12) Pull out the plunger piston rod and yoke which weigh about
500 pounds care being taken t o have these par ts centered at a l l times an
to protect the outer surface of plunger 2 j l lt bull
- 4 8 shy
(13) Remove piston-rod nut washer gland and stuffing box
rivaLl with packing and plunger l ea the r
(14) Draw out piston
(15) Disconnect a i r and liquid piping and remove l iquid valve
(16) Remove plunger protection ring f e l t rusher gland stuffing
box large with packing and plunger leather packing
bullbull(17) Remove set screw in cylinder clamp lock unscrew cylinder
clarnp lock and s l ide cylinder out to rear weight about 895 pounds bullbull
(c) To Assemble Recuperator Refer to Plate VI I I
This operation should never be undertaken in the f ie ld unless i t
becomes absolutely necessary
Five men required-
Tools needed
3 rings flax packing 30D Piston washer leather 30B Spanner wrench U423G Socket wrench U422C Socket wrench U422D Screw driver U45AN Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Wrench- U423A Wrench double 087 5 and 1 U43G Socket wrench U422G Handle U422H Screw driver U45AE Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench U423D 10Ting flax packing 27N and 28M 2 leather packing 27H and 28K I ras3 rod 0437 (716) diameter by 12 inches F i l l ing funnel Can 2 tanks of compressed air
-49shy
I (I) Slide cylinder into housing in cradle screw cylinder clamp
lock on front end of cylinder and lock vith set screw Cylinder weights
1040 pounds
() Place stuffing box gland leather packing and felt washer
on plunger and slide to front
(3) Assemble packing gland and washer to piston and place piston
rod in place in plunger
(4) Push piston and plunger into cylinderlaquo
(5) Pack stuffing box large and put nuts on studamp care being
taken to tighten up nuts alternately so packing bears properly (See
division (amp)bull)
(6) Push plunger to the rear screw yoke bushings on pull iods
and slide pull rods in place
(7) Put leather packing and stuffing box small in plunger and
put nuts on studs
(8) Pack stuffing box sir^H place gland in place and screvnuts
on studs care being taken to tighten up nutsalternately so packing
bears uniformly (see division (e)raquo)
(9) Place washer on end of pistorj- rod and screw nut against shoulder
lOJ Bolt liquid valve to cylinder and connect up air and liquid
piping
(II) Fill the plunger vith liquid connect up the air tank and
f i l l the cylinder vith a i r
(d) To f i l l recuperator cylinder Refer to Plate VIII
Five men required
Tools needed
-5Oshy
Box wrench U423A Wrench U423D Can Glycerine and water solution
Two tanks of compressed a i r
(1) Fill plunger with glycerine and water solution by means of
the pump and at the same time letting compressed air into the air chamshy
ber being careful to keep the liquid and air pressures balanced as inshy
dicated by projection of piston rod forward from stuffing box
When plunger is full there should be only a small space be-v
tween front face of stuffing box gland and rear face of washer at front
end of piston rod Never allow these twoitcopy come together
(2) To f i l l the air chamber -the following has to be done- Connect
upoundgt the air tank with the air pipe connection by the copper tubing open
the valve on the tank then open the valve on the air cylinder Two tanks
are usually sufficient to run the air pressure in recuperator cylinder up
to 1700 pounds per square inch others or parts of others may be used if
necessary
(e) To pack stuffing boxes Refer to plate VIIIbull
One ring of packing is placed in stuffing box and forced well
to bottom with braks rod and mallet Treat each ring of packing in the
same manner being careful to break joints until the five rings have been
inserted Nuts on studs should be screwed tight against glandsraquo 1
TOien repacking these stuffing boxes recuperators must be dis-
mounted (see section B division (b) ) sufficiently to get the packing
out -Any of the old packing that is unfit for use should be discarded-
If any of the old is used to repack i t should be put in after the new
The addition of the leather washers around the piston r^d ampi
plunger in the rear of the stuffing boxes allows less fcrcc to tghJ-en
-51shy
the glands than if i t were the plain packing
The nuts around the glands should be tightened from time to time
If the glands are pressed too tightly into the stuffing boxes an unshy
necessary amount of friction will be produced on the plunger and rod When
the glands are pushed in until they strike the stuffing boxes they should
be repacked
(f) To clean recuperator cylinder and plunger Refer to Plate
See Section B division (b)
This should never be undertaken in the field except in case
of absolutenecessity V i x
Dismount the recuperator thoroughly clean the cylinder
and plunger with kerosene o i l forced into them with plunger s force pump
Wipe the^ in te r io rs dry with clean cotton waste Clean the piston and
pis ton rod
SECTION C - CARE OFELEVATING MECHANISM
(a) To Dismoipit the elevating mechanism Refer to p la tes XI and
XII
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0875 and 1 U4-3G Wrench double 125 and 15 U13BA Wrench double 2 and 225 IK-3ATC Wrench pinion shaft and nut 35 U82H SJcrew driver U45AN Screv driver U45AE Machinist s hammer U48F
Pin punch U47AF Blocks of wood
(1) Take hand wheel off and remove brake band
(2) Remove pinion shaft gear from elevating pinion shafts and
bull lt bullbull bull
- 5 2 shy
rmove elevating pinion shaf t
(3) Take off intermediate pinion shaft nut and washer and remove
intermediate pinion shaft) care being taken to see that intermediate gear
13 blocked up
(4) Remove elevating gear p la te with bearings fastened to i t
(5) Remove intermediate gear
(6) Take off handwheel sha f t
(7) Remove rack
(b) To assemble elevating iaechanism
Reverse the operations as outlined in above for dismounting bull
SECTION D - CARE Off TRAVERSING MECHANISM
(a) To dismount t ravers ing mechanism Refer to Plate XIIIbull
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrenoh double 1raquo25 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C Hammer machinists U48FshyPunch pin U47AF
Wrencty double 2 and 225U43AW
(1) Screw out side leveling screw remove sight with sight bracket
from cradle t runnions
(2) Take off gear case cover
(3) Remove pin and co l la r from end of worm shaft and draw i t out
(4) Knock out pins in lower part of ve r t i c a l trqversing shaft
and take off t ravers ing p in ion
(5) Drav shaft with worm vheel up through case push worm to side
of case when s t a r t ing (
- 5 3 shy
(6) Worm may then be removed from case aad case taken off side
of frame worm wheel may also be driven off shaf t
(b) To Assemble t raversing mechanism Refer to p la te XIII
Tnree men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 6375 and 05 U431 Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 2raquo and 225 U43AW Hammer machinists U48F Punch pin U47AF
(1) Bolt gear case to side frame and place vnra in pocket in case
(2) Drive worm vheel on shaft and place shaft in pos i t ion i
Worm must be held against wall of case gtS3aen assembling vheel and shaft
(3) Drive pinion on shaft and pin in p lace
(4) Slide worm shaft in place and lock i t vith pin and collar
(5) Bolt cover on case and bolt sight assembled or sight bracket
to t runnions
(6) Connect up leveling screw
SECTION F - CARE OF MMUNITEON CRANE
(a) To dismount ammunition c rane liefer to Dlate XXVII
Men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 pin punch
1 screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 anc 05 U-V3C 1 Wrench double 0625 auc O55 Ir4JF 1 Wrench double 0875-and Xraquo U43C
(l) Remove bolt fastening hoisting ropci to erjd of crime mast and
place bolt back in socket on rope This rejiovss sheave block
- 5 4 shy
sheave and crane hook
(2) Remove intermediate rope guard and sheave from crane mast
(3) Remove lower sheave bracket from crane mast and leave sheave and
rope guard attached to sheave bracket
(4) Unpin crank shaft co l l a r andrunscrew crank shaft n u t s
(5) Remove le f t crank and l e f t crank bushing rIhe crank shaft may
now be withdrawn to the l e f t and the pinion s ratchet and f r i c t ion box
and f r i c t ion disc be l i f t ed out The r ight crank may also be withdrawnbull
(6) Remove s p l i t pinsj drive out drum shaft and l i f t out drum and
gear
(7) Remove drum bracket from crane maftr
(8) Remove crane mast from crane mast pedestal and unbolt pedestal
from platform
(b) To AssembLe Ammunition Crane
Men Required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch
1 Screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075 II43F 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1 U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined above for dismounting in (a)laquo
Note- Care should be taken to see that the bronze and s tee l f r ic t ion
discs are assembled in t h e i r proper order
SECTION El ANTI-FRICTION DEVICE
(a) To Dismount a n t i - f r i c t i o n dev ice Refer t o P la te X
Four men required
Tools needed
Wrench single 175a U43V Wrench spanner U596E So rev driver U45AE
( l ) Unscrew locknut on adjusting screw
(Z) Remove s p l i t pin and nut from bearing support
(3) |Unscrew adjusting screw u n t i l beairinf support i s clear of bearshy
ing s e a t
(4) Remove r o l l e r and bearing s e a t
(5) Remove upper trunnion pin bearing anl key
(6) If t ipping pa r t s are out of side fcraiie bearing the bearing
support can be drawn up through the hole in s ids frame
(7) Bel lev i l le springs and washers can nor be removed
(8) Unscrew adjusting screw nut vith lockwasher attached to ifcraquo
(b) To assemble an t i - f r i c t i on device
Reverse the operation as outlined in afcove for dismounting
SECTION fl - CARE OF TRUCK3
(a) To remove trucks from Mount refer t o P la te XXXII
bull-8 Men required
Tools needed
4 Auxiliary jacks 1 Crowbar 1243A 1 Pinch bar
1 - 7-rinch p l i e r s U47AQ
(1) Remove s p l i t pin from l i ve lever pin a-d ^e7--e l ive lever pin
from rear t ruck lever connection Pl^ce l ino laver iivi i i hoe in 3 ive
lever and inse r t sp l i t pin shy(2) Lift- center pin from eenter p la ie hole usin^ pvrtn bar +y ^^-
-56shy
samej if necessary
(3) Raise mount with jacks as described in Part I Section (L) Divishy
sion (d) until mount is clear of trucks
(4) Shove trucks along until they are clear of mount
(fr) To Disassemble and Assemble Trucks Refer to Plate XXXII
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Wrench double 125 and 15 nuts U43BA 1 Wrench double 875 and I-inch U43G 1 - 7inch Pliers U47AQ 2 Crowbars 1243A Blocking 1 - 16-inch Monkey wrench U45LA lCfir Box Jacking screw with levers 1022C 4 Jacks 25-ton 1 Combination Hook and Packing tool
- 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar
(1) Remove pedestal t i e from both sides of truck replacing bolts in
t ies with nut locks and nuts
(2) Remove cotters from equalizer pins (put cotters in a convenient
place so they can be replaced in pin when same are later removed)
(3) Place jack screw on sectire blocking under inside pedestal castings
of outer wheels and raise truck frame until springs and equalizers are reshy
leased sufficiently for removing
(4) Remove semi-elliptic spring keys which will allow spring to be
removed
(5) Remove pins from equalizers and replace pins in same also replace
cotters (Refer to Art 2)
(6) Remove cotters and nuts from Helical spring bolts then remove
bolts and replace nuts and cotters Also remove springs and spring seats 33176
i
- 5 7 shy
7) Place car jack on secure blocking under serai-elliptic spring
soat and raise truck frame sufficient to remove wheels and journal boxes
(Snail jack screws and blocking can now be removed)
(8) Push end wheels with journal boxes away from truck framebull
(9) Disconnect bottom connection rod from both front and rear truck
levers and replace connection pins in their respective places in rods
(lltQ) Remove rear truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole from which it was taken in brajfce beam
( l l ) Disconnect front truck lever from dead lever bracket and replace
connection piniiin dead lever bracket
(12)) Disconnect dead lever bracket from dead lever fulcrum bracket and
replace connection pin in dead lever bracket
(13) Remove front truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole in brake beam
(14) Pull out brake shoe keys and remove brake beams and brake shoes
(15) Remove brake shoe hangers from side frames and replace hunger bolts
with keys in hangers
(16) Place blocking under pedestal casting of end wheels at either end
of truck most convenient and remove the car jacks near the end so blocked
by unscrewing jacks so as to allow frame to rest on blocking This will
permit moving center wheel with boxes intorposition formerly occupied by
aid wheels
(17) Replace ca^r jacks under semi-elliptic spring seats as before and
raise this end so as to release load of frame from blocking at end
(18) Remove end-blocking and push wheels away from frame
(19) Open journal box doors and remove journal box packing with hook
and packing tool 2SI16
-58shy
(20) Tilt the outer ends of the boxes up until bearing wedge and bearshy
nings can be removed remove wedges and take beardiigs out Then remove
boxes
(21) To Assemble Trucks Reverse the process just described
(c) To Pack Journal Boxes
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hook nd Packing Tool Bucket or Tin can of 3 to 5 gallons capacity Galena Oil bull I
Wool or Cotton Waste
(1) With hook and packing tool remove waste also all particles of
sand and gr i t from journal boxes
(2) In the bucket or tin can place enough waste to pack the number of
journal boxes to be packed wool waste is preferable but cotton waste
will do and saturate with Galena Oil
(3) With hook and pacafcing tool pack the oil saturated waste firmly
into the lower section of the Journal Boxes Note - The life of the journal
bearings will be considerably lengthened and the trouble arising from
burned out bearings will be reduced to a minimum if regular inspections be
made of the journal box packing If the car is to be moved a considerable
distance especially after having stood in one place for any length of
time i t i s vrell to see that a l l boxes are well packed with oil saturated
wasted Care should be taken to see that the covers are kept closed and
promptly replaced where broken or lost in order to keep out as much as
possible a l l sand and gri t
(d) To Replace Journal Bearings
Two men required 73V 6
Tools needed
1 Pinch Bar 1 Car Box Jacking Screw 1 Hook and Packing Tool
(1) With car body jacks ra ise car body about two inches
(2) With car box jacking screw ra ise the journal box from which the
bearing i s to be removed about two incheslaquo
(3) Raise journal box cover and remove bearing wedge with hook withshy
draw bearing
(4) Put new bearing in posit ion and replace bearing wedge pack journal
box packing firmly around lower half of journal and be certain that ijournal
bearing and wedge are properly seated
(e) To Place Trucks Under ca r
Reverse procedure outlined in Part I I Section G Division (a)laquo
SECTION- H - CARE OF TRUCKS
(ai To Disassemble Air Brake Refer to plates XIX apid XX bull
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch P l i e r s U47 AQ 1 Pinch Bar 1 Wrench double raquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U45DA 1 S t i l l s on Pipe wrench -25 and 25- inches 637D 1 Wrench double 083 5 and 1-inch riutsU43G 1 Wrench^ double Olaquo625 and 0laquo75-inch nutsfU43F
1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nutsU43^euro
(1) Disconnect hand brake pullrod and brake cylinder leyer connection
from brake cylinder lever and replace connection pin in end of pullrod
(2) Disconnect f loating lever connection from f loat ing lever and re shy
place connection pin in f loat ing lever connection 23176
- 6 0
Disconnect l i ve lever from f loat ing lever and replaco pin in l ive
lever
(4) Unbolt and remove cylinder lever fulcrumfrom center s i l l and re shy
place bolts in t h e i r respective holes in center s i l l and remove cylinder
lever from cylinder lever fulcrum
(5) Disconnect brake cylinder pushrod from cylinder lever and replace
connection pin in end of pushrod disconnect f loat ing lever from floating
lever fulcrum and replace pin in f loating levershy
(6) Unbolt and remove f loat ing lever fulcrum from under side of floor
p la te and replace bolts in fulcrum
(7) Disconnect union on cross pipe between cylinder and reservoir and
remove pipe
(8) Unbolt and remove brake cylinder from support and replace bolts
in support bull
bullbull(9) Disconnect pipes and e l l s from reservoir tha t connect with cross
pipe t o cylinder
(10) Unbolt t r i p l e valve from reservoir
(11) Unbolt and remove reservoir from supports replacing bol ts
(X2) Remove t r i p l e valve
(13) Unscrew pipe3A-
(14) Remove centrifugal d i r t col lector
(15) Remove elbow and pipe GA
(16) Unscrew pige AA from cut out cock and remove self-locking cutshy
out cock No 2135 vith upper pipe AA from 125 t e o
(17) Remove upper pipe AA from cut out cock
23176
(18) Remove V bolt in end s i l l and unccrew self~lockng nngle cck
No 22413
(19) Unscrew pipe R from coupling leaving coupling en pipe SMlaquo
(20) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe S from 125 e l l and leave
e l l on pipe T
(21) Remove pipe T11 from 125 ampee and leave tee on pipe U
(22) Unscrew pipe U from e l l and leave e l l on pipeVi4
(23) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe W from elbregw and leave
elbow on pipe X
(24) Unscrew pipe nX with drain cock from pipe HZ
Note- If i t i s desired to disassemble the complete a i r brake equipment
on mount repeat the above operation for disassembling the mechaniftzft under
the other end of the mount
(b) To Disassemble-land Assemble Handbrakes Refer to Plate XIX and XX-
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0625 and 0raquo7pound-inch nutsU43F
(1) Disconnect handbrake pul l rod from cylinder lever qt3 replace
connection pin in end of rod
(2) Remove handbrake sheave from handbrake pul l rod take chain from
around sheave and fasten sheave back in rod jaws with p in
(3) Unbolt and remove pu l l rod hanger and replace bolts in hanger
(4) Remove pul l rod
(5) Disconnect handbrake chain from brake mast step and brake mast
23176
-62shy
(6) Unbolt and remove brake mast step and replace bolts on mast s t e p p pR b(7(7)) Remove brake mast with handwheel and ratchet attached
c) gtv To Assemble Air Brake Refer to Plates XIX and XX
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 75 gad 1-inch U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch l)47DA 1 St i l l son Pipe Wrench 25 to 25 inches 637D 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075-inch nuts U43F 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1-inch nuts U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined in Section H division ( a )
(d) To clean and Oil Brake Cylinder Refer to p la te XXIX
Two men required
Tools needed
1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 625 and 0875-inch nuts U153E 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U47DA
(1) Disconnect pushrod from cylinder l ever
(2) Remove bolts connecting cylinder to brake cylinder brake and re shy
move pipes connecting cylinder to rese rvo i r
(3) Remove piston head
(4) With kerosene o i l thoroughly clean and remove a l l pa r t i c l es of
sand and g r i t from piston piston r ing and inside of cyl inder
(5) Oil piston lea ther in pis ton with heavy o i l or l igh t grease
(6) Put piston back in cylinder and replace whole on c a r
(9) To clean and o i l t r i p l e valvo K--2 Refer to Pla te XXXIII
Two men required
Tools needed 23176
O
l bull
1 Stillson Pipe Wrench 25 to- 2 5~inchesf 637D i Hamroerj U48F 1-7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Wrench double laquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inchj U47DA 1 Wrench double raquo375 and 5-inch nuts U153B
(1) Disconnect branch pipe union and remove branch pipe from tr iple valve
(2) Dplusmnggt$ pinealtriple valve f roiaauxiliary valvalaquo
(3) Unscrev union nut 17 and remove strainer 16 bull
(4) Unscrev graduating stem nut 20 and remove graduating spring 22raquo
(5) Remove nut from bolts 24 and take off cylinder cap 19 and- cylinder
cap gasket 23
(6) Withdraw piston and slide valve from casing
(7) Remove cap screws 25 and take off check valve case 13 and emergency
valve 9
(8) Remove piston 8laquo
(9) Remove emergency valve 10 and check valve 15raquo
(10) Unscrev retarding device 29 and remove retarding spring 33 and
stem 31bull
(11) Clean a l l parts thoroughly with kerosene oilraquo Using oil sparingly
oil t r iple piston and surface between slide valve and slide valve seat Also
surface between graduating valve and slide valve
(12) Assemble by reversing procedures as outlined above and replace
t r ip le valve in position
(f) To Clean Centrifugal Dirt Collector Refer to Plate XXXI
One man required
Tools needed None
( l) Open cock at bottom of collector until a l l particles of sand
dir t and water are blovn out
23176
-64shy
(g) To Take Up Shoo Wear
Oncopy man required
Tools needed
1 P l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch b a r
(1) Release brakes both hand and air
(2) Disconnect front t ruck lever from dead lever bracket move front
t ruck lever out un t i l the rear t ruck lever wi l l not go back to less than
15-inchear from the t ruck bo ls te r and remake connection in proper hole in
dead lever bracket
(3) If necessary the shoes can be set up t i gh t e r by moving the front
t ruck lever to the end holes Of the bottom connection rod
(m) To Replace Brake Shoes Refer to Plate XXXII
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U47AM 1 Pinch Bar
(1) Release brakes both hand and a i r -
(2) Withdraw brake shoe keys take out worn shoes and replace with
new ones
SECTIOIj I shy CARE OF JACKS
(a) To Disassemble screw jacks Refer to Plate XXV
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch 1 Wrench double1 Wrench double^
125 and 15 U43G 0625 and 075 U43F
23176
-65shy
(1) Unscrew lower jack pinion stud nut and remove ratchet and pawl
with housing bull
(2) Remove upper jack pinion stud nut and take out jack pinion stud
with jack pinion attached
(3) Remove jack screw nut and let jack and ram rest against guide
(4) Take washers and screw gear off of screw
(5) Remove stop from ram and guide from base plate
(6) Remove screw and ram
Note- In order to remove screw and ram i t is necessary to run the mount
over a pi t or dig a hole in the ground
(b) To Assemble screw jacks reverse the operations outlined above for
disassembling
(c) Care and Oilijig of Jaciss
The jacks should be lubricated frequently To do ifcis a steel
compression grease cup is screwed into the stop on the ram This cup should
nevor be without grease in i t The jack levers should be removed and placshy
ed in some convenient place on the platform
(d) Care of Auxiliary Jacks
When not in use the auxiliary jacks should be placed under the
ammunition table The bearings of the jack should be kept well oiled and the
main lifting screw and the teeth of the gears should be lubrioated vith
heavy grease when necessary to make jacks work easily
PART I I I
SECTION A PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED BEFORE FIRING
(a) This carriage is designed to be fired from 20 to 60 degrees elevashy
tion do not fire it below 20 degrees
23176
-66shy
(b) Fold up platform at breech of Howitzer
(c) Take reading at liquid pressure gauge this reading should be 1700
pounds per squre inch a small amount of liquid will leak out each round
and is replaced by means of the pump
(d) Take reading^at air pressure gauge this reading should be 1550
pounds per square inch
(e) The distance the recuperator piston rod moves indicates liquid leakshy
ing at the packing and the rod should never be allowed to stand out past
the gland more than 5laquo875 inches
(f) Traverse gun through entire allowed movement to nampke sure that all
parts work freely
(g) Elevate Howitzer through entire range of elevation to see that all
parts work freely
(h) Make sure that a l l nuts tap bolts and screws on elevating mechanism
traversing mechanism panoramic sight and elevation quadrant are set up
properly
(i) Make an inspection of recoil and counter recoil systems to see
thqfc they are properly assembled especially after the Howitzer has been
dismounted from the oradle
(k) See that the outriggers are set securely
(l) See that the underframing of the mount has a uniform bearing on
the ground platform
(m) Make sure that the recoil cylinder is properly fi l led
(n) All brakes should be released
23176
-67shy
TOBE_OBSERVED BEFORE TRAVELLING
(a) see that a l l equipment to be carried on the mount is properly
Secured and that none of i t projects out past the clearance l ine
(b) Depress gun to 0 degree elevation and traverse i t to 0 degrees
azimuth and fasten gun with travelling lock
(c) Remove panoramic telescope place i t in carrying case and store
in secure place
(d) An inspection should be n^de of journal boxes to see that they
are properly packed and that the bearings have not worn down too much
(e) An inspection should be made also of the brake shoes and mechshy
anism If there is too much play between the brake shoes and wheels
the wear should be taken up in the brake mechanism or the brake shoes
replaced with1 nev ones
(f) Be sure that the complete set of tools areoOn hand
(g) See that buffers and couplings are in proper working condition
PART V
TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF 12-INCH HOWITZER RAILWAY MOUNT MODEL OF 1918
Length of reco i l normal 36 max 375
Angle of Elevation ( f i r i n g 4 2 0 to46O o
ti laquo Depression - 5 loading
it laquo t raverse 360deg
Weight of recoi l ing pa r t s (empty) - 49188
n t ipping 64533(Loaded 65333)
Weight of Car including base p la te 102880
Length over draft Gear - 42 f t 2 i n approx
Total weight of trucks (two) 30000 l b s
-68shy
Type of trucks 6-wheel - 55 x 10 journals
Diameter of vheels 28 in
Weight of t ravers ing parts with gun (Empty) 92353
Total weight on t rack - 19 5 243 bull
Weight of gun including recoi l band amp breech mech bull 47f239
Muzzle Velocity 1950 f s
Range 21600 yds (Approx)
Wt Pro jec t i l e 700 l b s
Wt Povder 95
Chamber pressure 37000 l b s
Muzzle energy 18474 f t tons
Total rod pul l a t 60deg - 348766 l b s
per qxle a t t rack (front) 35931 l b s
laquo n ti ti ( rea r ) 29150 M
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Gaylord Bros Makers
Syracuse N Y PAT JAN 21 1908
OF
US ARMY MILITARY HISTORY INSTITUTE $353
War Department eff ice of the Oiief of Ordnance
Washington t 1919laquo
Ohis Manual i s published for the information and guidance
of the Army of the United states
By Qr4laquor of The Secretary of Warraquo
4 CraquoC Williams laquo Gent0rdDeptbull USraquoA
Chief of Ordnance
bullL bull
PROPERTY OF TH^ US ARMY
2317JI
TABLE 0 CONTENTS
FART 1
1 2 H o w i t z e r R a i l w a y M o u n t M o d e l o f 1 9 1 8
S e c t i o n A - G e n e r a l D e s c r i p t i o n bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo raquo bull bull raquo
( a ) D e s c r i p t i o n laquo laquo laquo bull bull bull
( b ) O p e r a t i o n bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull laquo bull
S e c t i o n B - R e c o i l M e c h a n i s m laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n C - R e c u p e r a t o r a n d L i q u i d P u m p laquo bull laquo bull bull laquo bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n D - E l e v a t i n g M e c h a n i s m bull bull bull bull laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n E - T r a v e r s i n g M e c h a n i s m bull bull bull laquo bull raquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo
S e c t i o n F - A n t i - F r i c t i o n D e v i c e bull bull bull bull bull laquo bull raquo laquo bull bull bull bull laquo bull bull
S e c t i o n G - A s i m u n i t i o n C r a n e bull bull raquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo bull lt bull
S e c t i o n H - C a r p r o p e r bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull
S e c t i d n HI - T r u c k s laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo laquo
S e c t i o n J - B r a k e s bull raquo raquo bull bull bull bull raquo laquo bull laquo laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo
S e d t i o n K - D r a f t G e a r a n d F r e n c h C o u p l e r laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
( a ) D r a f t g e a r bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
( b ) T o c o u p l e t h e c a r laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo bull bull bull bull laquo laquo bull
( c ) T o u n c o u p l e t h e c a r bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
( d ) F r e n c h c o u p l e r bull raquo raquo bull bull laquo bull raquo bull
( e ) T o c o u p l e t h e c a r raquo laquo bull bull bull bull laquo laquo bull bull bull bull
( f ) T o u n c o u p l e t h e c a r raquo laquo v laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo
S e c t i o n L - J a c k s bull bull bull laquo raquo bull bull raquo bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo
( a ) T o r a i s e c a r v i t h s c r e w j a c k s bull laquo bull bull bull bull raquo bull
( b ) T o l o w e r c a r ^ i t h s c r e w j a c k s bull | bull bull bull bull laquo bull bull laquo raquo raquo
S e c t i o n M - F o u n d a t i o n bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull - raquo bull bull laquo bull bull bull bull
2 3 1 7 6
- 2 shy
P a g copy
( a ) T o p l a c e f o u n d a t i o n f o r t r a v e l i n g bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull
(b) To d i s a s s e m b l e f o u n d a t i o n and load f o r firing
3~oioa E ~ O u t r i g g e r s raquo bull lt bull laquo laquo laquo lt bull bull bull laquo bull bull
(a) T o pl a c e end outrigger f o r f i r i n g laquo laquo laquo
(b) T o plcoe side outrigger for firing-o bull
(c) To adjust f c r s w on outriggerraquo o laquo lt gt bull
(d) To aija^t f l o a t s bull laquo laquo laquo raquo laquo raquo
( e ) T o p l r o e e n d o u t r i g g e r s t r u t f o r c a r r y i n g
(j ) T o gpound-e s i d e o u t r i g g e r s t r u t f o r c a r r y i n g bull raquo bull bull bull bull
( g T o p l a c e f l o a t s a n d f o o t p l a t e s f - o r c a r r j ^ i n g bull bull bull raquo bull
S e c t i o n 0 - AjT jUi ro tdon R a n d J i n g - c laquo bull c gt bull
S e c t i o n P - M u s z i e S u p p e r I laquo bull laquo 4 laquo
(fvx) D e s c r i p t i o n bull bull bull laquo laquo
( b ) T o P l a c e M u z a l e S u p p o r t raquo
S e c t i o n Q -bull C h e s t s I
S e c t i o n R - C a m o u f l a g e bull bull bull laquo raquo
( a ) D e s c r i p t i o n bull bull raquo raquo bull raquo bull bull bull
( b ) P a i n t s bull
( c ) T o A p p l y t h e P a i n t
( d ) T o R e m o v e t h e P a i n t bull
P A R T I I
I n s p e c t i o n a n d M a i n t e n a n c e o f M o u n t laquo bull bull
S e c t i o n A - C a r e o f r e c o i l m e c h a n i s m raquo bull bull bull bull raquo bull
(a) In General bull
(b) To Dismount recoil mechanism
(c) To assemble recoil mechanism bull laquo laquo raquo
(d) To Fill Recoil mechanism
13176
3 a
( e ) T o p a c k s t u f f i n g b o x raquo laquo bull bull bull
( f ) To c l e a n r e c o i l c y l i n d e r bull bull
SECTION B - 0 a t e of R e c u p e r a t o r gt
( a ) i n G e n e r a l bull
( b ) T o d i s m o u n t r e c u p e r a t o r raquo bull laquo bull bull bull laquo bull bull bull
( c ) To a s s e m b l e r e c u p e r a t o r laquo laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull
(d) To fill recuperator raquo bull laquo bull
(e) To pack stuffing box laquo
(f) To clean recuperator cylinder and plunger bull bull bull bull bull
23176
3 b
SECTION C - C a r e of e l e v a t i n g m e c h a n i s m
P a g e
( a ) T o d i s m o u n t e l e v a t i n g m e c h a n i s m
( b ) To a s s e m b l e e l e v a t i n g m e c h a n i s m
SECTION D - C a r e of t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m
( a ) To d i s m o u n t t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m bull laquo bull laquo bull
( b ) To a s s e m b l e t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m
S e c t i o n E - C a r e of a n t i - f r i c t i o n D e v i c e laquo
( a ) To d i s m o u n t a n t i - f r i c t i o n d e v i c e bull bull bull
( b ) To a s s e m b l e a n t i - f r i c t i o n d e v i c e bull raquo laquo
S e c t i o n F shy C a r e of A m m u n i t i o n C r a n e lt
( a ) To d i s m o u n t a m m u n i t i o n c r a n e
( b ) To a s s e m b l e a m m u n i t i o n c r a n e
S e c t i o n G - C a r e of t r u c k s
( a ) To r e m o v e t r u c k s raquo
( b ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a n d a s s e m b l e t r u c k s bull bull bull bull raquo
( c ) To p a c k j o u r n a l b o x e s
( d ) To r e p l a c e j o u r n a l b e a r i n g s bull raquo bull
( e ) To p l a c e t r u c k s u n d e r c a r
S e c t i o n H - C a r e of B r a k e s raquo bull bull bull
( a ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a i r b r a k e
( b ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a n d a s s e m b l e h a n d b r a k e a
( c ) T O a s s e m b l e a i r b r a k e raquo bull bull
(d) To clean and o i l brake cy l inde r
(e) To clean and oil triple valve
(f ) To clean centrifugal dirt collector
23176
Page
( g ) To t a k o up shoe wear bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull bull bull lt
( h ) To r e p l a c e b r a k e s h o e s bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n I - Care of j a c k s bull bull raquo bull bull bull raquo bull raquo laquo bull bull
( a ) To d i s a s s e m b l e s c r e w j a c k s laquo
( b ) To a s s e m b l e s c r e w j a c k s laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull gt bull bull bull bull
( c ) Care and o i l i n g of s c r ew j a c k s bull bull
( d ) Care of a u x i l i a r y j a c k s laquo bull bull bull
PART I I I
S e c t i o n A - P r e c a u t i o n s t o b e obse rved b e f o r e f i r i n g bull bull bull
S e c t i o n B - P r e c a u t i o n s t o be obse rved b e f o r e t r a v e l l i n g bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n C - L i s t of g r e a s e cups and handy o i l e r s laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
PART IV - L i s t of P a r t s
PART V - T a b l e of Weights and Dimens ions
PART VI - L i s t of T o t a l Equipment
13175
~5 shy
List of Plates _
I - 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Right Side Elevation
II bull 12-inch Howitzer Rarilwey Mouvjt Left Side Elevation ltraquo
I I I 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Longitudinal Section
IV 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Plan View
Vlaquo 12-indc1 Howitzer Railway Mount Ftfoi-it Viev
VI 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Rear View
VII Recoil Cylinder Assembly
VIII Recuperator Assemblybull
IX Liquid Pump and Piping Arrangement
Xlaquo Liquid Pump Assembly
XIraquo Elevating Assembly
XII Foot lever Assembly
XIII Traversing Assembly
XIV Anti-frriction Device Assembly
XV Loading Assemblyraquo
XVI platform^Assembly Right Side
XVII Platform Assembly Left Side
XVIII Frame Assembly
XIX Air Brake Assembly Front
XE Air Brake Assembly Rear
XXI Lever Assembly Plan View
XXIIbull Lever Assembly Side View
XXIII Outrigger Assembly
YYIV Foundation Assembly
XXV Jack Assembly
23176--
- 6 shy
XXVI Equipment Assemblylaquo
XXVII Ammunition Crane Assembler
XXVIII Weight distribution diagram
XXIX Air Brake Cylinder Type D 10X12
XXX jampuailiary reservoir Type D
XXXI Centrifugal dirt collector
XXXII Truck Assembly
XXXIII Triple Valve K-2
XXXIVD Camcu Isgeraquo
XXXVC Car frame French couplers
XXXVIe Buffer Assembly
XXXVII Draft Gear Assembly
2317$
_^2-Jampich Bovitzer_R^
_Model of 1918
Section A - General Description
(a) Descript ionlaquo
Refer to plates I II III IV V and VI
for l i s t of pgta-ts with their piece mrks and the material of which they
are made see page
The mount is designed to permit the Howitzer to be traversed
through 360 degreoSy elevated from minus 5 to plus 60 degrees and fired
from 20 to 60 degrees
The principal parts of the mount are the base plate which is
a part of the car proper racer distance ring and traversing rcopyllers side
frames cradle recoil system recuperator system traversing and elevating
mechanisms elevation quadrant panoramic sight loading tray loading
and working platforms and car proper including body trucks brakes and
couplers together with outriggers floats jacks and foundation details
The base plate is a one piece casting used as the center secshy
tion of the car proper and bolted to the car frame on each end The
lower roller path is machined on the upper side and a pintle surface is
machined on the outer side of the vertical annular flange on the inner
side of this flange the traversing rack is bolted
The racer is cast in one piece and has i ts lover surface machshy
ined forming the upper roller path corresponding to the lower roller
path on the base plate The inner vertical surface is machined to form
the female part of the pintle The outer vertical surface is machined and
graduations are engraved forming an azimuth circle
23175
There are 640 divisions of 10 mils each the 0 graduation
being on the left side of the racer 45 degrees left of gear- Ihe
aximuth pointer is of gernian silver graduated from 0 to 10 mils and is
fastened to a builb up bracket bolted to the base plate Five clips
engaging the under side of the base plate flange and boltedto the
racer prevent any relative vertical movement o the racer with the base
plate Dust guards are bolted to the ou-ter surface of the racer preshy
venting dust and dirt from entering the traversing roller system and
pintle bearing
The traversing roller system consists of forty conical rollers t
held in a radial position by the distance ring1 and kept concentric with
the pintle by flanges on the inner edges of the rollers in contact vith
the inner edge of the roller path on the base ring Handy oilers are
located on the outsdde Vertical surface of tlje racer vith oil tubes
leading to continuous oil gutters cut in the distance ring for the disshy
tribution of oil to the rollers
The side frames are bolted to tkcopy upper surface of the racer
and held together by the front and rear transom this unit supports
the tipping parts of the mount
The cradle supported in the side frames by its trunnions
serves as a slide way for the hbvitzer when recoiling and carries the
recoil and recuperator systems bull The loading platform of structural
steel extends to the rear of the mount and is held in place by supports
fastened to the rear transom and side frames Tne platform is constructshy
ed with an opening in the center for the howitzer to recoil through
This opening is covered by a folding platform iji two sections connected
23176
mdash9mdash
together and to the loading plajtfora by hinges This platform is down
vu loading and folded back vhen firing On the right side of the
mount is the elevating platform which is folded in vhen traveling A
loading tray built up of structural steel is bolted to the goading platshy
form and is constructed to carry three projectiles at a tims Cranes
on the rear of the loading platform hoist the projectiles from the amshy
munition table on the car floor tothe loading tray i| shell trough placshy
ed in the breech of the Howitzer and resting on the loading tray is usdd
to slide the projectile and powder into the Howitzer The car has a cast
steel center vhlch serves as a base plate and roller path for the travershy
sing parts of the mount and structural steel ends all mounted on standard
six wheel trucks The car servesas a firing platform and transport
vehicle vihen in transport the entireweight rests upon the trucks in the
ordinary way but in firing the car is raised by jacks beams and cross-
t ies then placed underneath and the car lowered thereon relieving the
weight from the trucks The outriggers are then set out against the woodshy
en floats backed by the earth to resist the recoil when the howitzer is
fired
An ammunition trough and table are located on the car floor
and ammunition is brought from the ammunition car to the trough and slid
down to the table which holds seven projectiles
The recoil mechanism recuperator elevating and traversing
bullmechanism anti-friction device crane jacks outriggers trucks car
proper air brakes draft gear and ammunition table will each be desshy
cribed in detail later
2317
-10shy
(b) Operation
The piece i s la id in azimuth by the combined usec of the
panoramic sight or azimuth c i r c l e and the t raversing mechanism Elevashy
t ion is obtained by se t t ing the quadrant at the elevation required and
rota t ing the piece in elevation by the elevating mechanism
Upon f i r ing the Howitzer recoi ls in the cradle a maximum
distance of 375 inches carrying with i t the recoi l band and piston
pul l rods and plunger of the recuperator The energy of recoi l of the
howitzer is absorbedby the resistance which the f lu id in the hydraulic
cylinders offers in being forced through the openings past the pistonslaquo
A portion of the energy of recoi l suff icient to return the howitzer into
ba t t e ry i s absorbed by compressing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder
The return of the piece into bat tery is eased by bullbull-he action of the counter
reco i l buffers which force the f lu id from the cylinder heads through
the small clearance past the cylinder head bushings
SECTION B - RECOIL MECHANirM
Refer to Plate VII
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material
of which they are made see page
The recoi l system operates on th3vpoundrincipal of the hydraulic
brake and is designed to l imit the distance aid regulate the velocity
with which the howitzer moves to the rear when fired
A small portion of the reco i l energy is taken up by compressshy
ing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder but he greater portion is taken
up by tho resis tance the l iquid in the reco i l cylinder offers to being
forced through the or i f ices formed b the t h r o t t l i n g grooves The width
-11shy
of these grooves is uniform but the depth is proportioned so that ths
areas of the orifices varying with the position of the piston during
recoil will be such as to give with the air in the recuperator a conshy
stant resistance throughout the length of recoilbull
In front of the piston the piston rod is extended to form a
buffer This buffer is flatted so thqt the escape of liquid during
counter-recoil through the varying clearances between this and the reshy
coil cylinder head bushing will offer auch resistance as will control
the motion of the howitzer during its return to battery linen the fceccil
piston is in normal recoil position the end of the buffer is back in the
cylinder a distance about 17raquo375 inches from the cylinder head bushing
As the recoil piston travels towards the cylinder head during counter
recoil i t pushes some of the liquid ahead of it into th4 cylinder head
and Tahen the buffer reaches and begins to enter the cylinder head bushshy
ing the cylinder head is filled with the liquid
The recoil mechanism consists of two cylinders fitted in and
locked to cylindrical bosses on the under side of cradle by special nutsshy
Each is closed at the front end by a cylinder head and at the rear end by
a stuffing box The throttling grooves above referred to are three in
number symmetrically located with respect to the longitudinal axis of
the cylinder The piston rod projects through the rear of the cylinder
and is held in the recoil band by two nutsraquo The rear nut should be screwed
up lightly to allow the piston rod to adjust itself in the recoil band
When the piece is fired the piston and piston rod move to the rear with
the recoil band which is attached to the howitzer while the cylinders reshy
main stationary in the cradle A stuffing box with packing and follower
is used to make a tight joint between the piston rod and rear end of cylrU
in front of the stuffing box there is a leather washer which
prevents the l iquid in the cylinder from leaking through the threads
of the stuffing box and also during recoi l keeps the pressure of the
l iqu id from act ing d i rec t ly on the packing in the stuffing box The
cylinder head i s screwed into the front end of the recc i l cyl inder A
bushing i s screwed into the opening of the head to insure proper c learshy
ance for the buffer A tongue and groove with a lea ther washer makes a
t i gh t ftoint between the eylinder and head
_SfiCTION C - RECUPERATOR
Refer t o Plates VIII IX and X
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The recuperator consists of an a i r chanibrer a piston and i t s
packings a plunger and i t s yoke and pu l l rods The pietcn and plunger
s l i de in the cyl indr ica l part of the a i r chamberbull The pis-son rod has a
bearing in the front end of the plunger At t h i s end of th plunger a
yoke connects i t with the pu l l rods which in turn are fastened in the
front by a bracket and in the rear direct t o the reco i l band
The a i r chamber consis ts of a hollow cyl indr ica l forging open
in the front and closed in the rear The cy l indr ica l part in front in
wnich the piston and plunger moveS| i s f i t t e d with a lining of special
watert ight bronze The plunger i s of tfye same material as the l i ne r and
i s machined t o take the piston rod l iquidf and s tuff ing box The plunger
screwed to the yoke and secured by set scraws i s driven at recoi l by the
two pu l l rods which are fastened to the r s co i l band and t r ave l with i t
pu l l rodShave bearings in bushings fixed in lugs on the c rad le 1h3
2 7
-13shy
joint between the plunger and the liner is made tight by a leather
packing held in place by a stuffing box Flax packing held in the stuffshy
ing box by a gland makes the joint between the plunger and the stuffing
box tight A felt washer held by a steel ring and screwedvto the gland
prevents sand or grit from entering the plunger packings
The air chamber or recuperator cylinder plusmn3 locked in a cyshy
lindrical bO3s on the top part of the cradle by a cylinder clamp lock
Flattened places on the pull rod bushings matching up with similar ones
on the shoulder prevent the recuperator cylinder from rotating
The piston consists of a head of special watertight bronze
screwed on a steel rod Ihe front part of the rod is fitted with a bronze
casing and slides in a bearing in the plunge- Its threaded end beyond
the casing is fitted with a nut and washer limiting in the rear the disshy
placement of the piston with respect to the plunger Tallowed flax packshy
ing held by a bronze ring and piston washer held against this ring by
a follower make a tight joint between the piston and cylinder liner A
spring held in place by a nut pinned to the rod presses the f ollower
to the rear against the piston washer
The joint between the piston rod and plunger is similar to that
between the plunger and the cylinder liner
The space in front of the piston and in the plunger is filled with
a solution of glycerine and water the same as in the recoil cylinders
This liquid acts as a seal for the joint between the piston and the liner
and a stop between piston and plunger at counter-recoil
hi air valve body fitted with two needle valves one for filling
and one for emptying is screved in the rear end of the recuperator cylinlor
and connected by tubing to the air pipe connection on the cradle An cb- bull
-14shy
feube runs from this to the pressure gauge hi opening in th-e pipe
connection is used to attach the coiled tube when charging the cylinder
with a i r The opening is closed with a plug when not in use
At the front end of the recuperator cylinder a liquid valve
is bolted and connected by copper tubing to the liquid pipe connection
on the cradle Another tube runs from this to the pressure gauge and
a third to the liquid pump Liquid is poured into the pump through
the opening in the top and pumped through the tubing into the plunger
The liquid pump is fastened to a steel plate support to vhich
is also fastened the two pressure gauges This support is bolted to the
upper part of the cradle on the left sidebull
The pump consists of a pump case or reservoir for the solushy
tion of glycerine and water in the bottom of which is fixed the body
of the pump This contains the inlet valve the outlet valve and the
relief valve and the pump body nut A plunger operated by a lever crank
and link with bearings in the cover and body nut operate in the pump
body (see Plate X)
The relief valve screwed in the top of the pump body has a valve
stem relief spring and capraquo The relief spring is designed to allow the
liquid to blow off at from 2200 to 2500 lbs qpad insures no danampge to the
pump from excess back pressures This spring should never be tampered
with $e t- is adjusted by the manufacturer and tested to function at the
proper pressure If the liquid pump fails to function and there is
practically no resistance offered when the pump lever is operated it nhovs
that there is a back pressure of air in the mechanism To overcome this
disconnect the liquid pipe where i t joins the three way connoction on the
-15shy
of the cradle and operate the lever for a $ew strokes u n t i l l iquid
begins t o flow Reconnect the l iquid pipe to the three way connection
and pump l iquid into the recuperator plunger u n t i l the piston rod washer
just clears the rear gland
SECTION D - ELEVATING MECHANISM
Refer to Pirate XI and XJI
For l i s t of pstrts with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The elevating mechanism consis ts of an elevating rack attached
t o r ight side of the cradle meshing with a pinion which i s operated by
a handwheel through spur g e a r s The spur gearing is supported by the
gear p l a t e and side frame provided -with bronze bushings A band brake
with foot control i s provided to prevent any movement of t he t ipping par ts
when the gun i s f i r e d One turn of the handwheel clockwise elevates the
gun 192 degrees
Refer to Plate XXII
For l is t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page i
The t ravers ing mechanism consis ts of a c i rcular rack fastened to
the base ring and meshing with a pinion bullwhich 1s operated by a handwheel
through a worm and worm wheel The pinion meshing with the rack i s keyed
to the lower end of the v e r t i c a l t ravers ing shaft Tnis shafct has i t s
lower bearing in the t ravers ing shaft bracket ^jhich is bolted to the
racer and i t s upper bearing in the t ravers ing ^ear case which i~ bol-f-oa
t o the le f t side frame The worm whe 3i keyed so bhe upper end cf tho zy-ui
bull46shy
is in mesh with the worm which is keyed to the worm shaft The worn
shaft has both of i t s bearings in the gear case and a handwheel on one
end iThe worm wheel worm and worm shaft are inclosed in the gear case
1W gear case cover has a lug to take the leveling screw bearing pin of
the -sight
SECTION F r
Refer to Plate XXV
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The anti-friction device is designed to relieve the load of the
tipping parts from the main trunnion and ease the elevating and depressing
of the gun It donsists of tvo small trunnions bearing supports adjustshy
ing screws and Belleville springsraquo bull
The weight of the tipping partsr is supported on the small
trunnions and transmitted to the Belleville springs by the bearing supports
and seats The adjusting screvs are tightened up until the crdldle trun^ i
nions have a clearance in the s i i e frame bearings at a l l points This
makes the en t i re elevating load come on the small trunnions and reduces
the handwheel load When the Howitzer i s f i red the Bel lev i l le springs are
compressed and the f i r ing load comes on the side frame bearings
SECTION G - AMMUNITION CRANE f
Refer t o Plate XXVII
For l i s t of pa r t s with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they a r e made see page
Tvo ammunition cranes are bolted to the rear corners of tho
loading platform for use 3a hois t ing ammunition from the ground or amshy
munition t ab l e to the loading t ray bull 2 ampbullgt
For hpistang the 700-pound p ro jec t i l e the shot tongs should
be pdjined d i r e c t l y t o the open socket at the end of the wire-rope For
use with a heavier p ro j ec t i l e an extra sheave block vith a craaae hook
attached- i s provided The wire rope vith the open socket attached^ may
be passed through the blockj by removing one of the p la tes and pinning
t o the mast The shot tangs ^Should then be placed on the crane hook
These two arrangements are shown on p la te XXVII
A section through the drum gearing and f r ic t ion srafetyydevice^
i s shovai on p la te XXVII The cranks may be released with the load dji
any position^ and by v i r tue of the f r i c t i o n safety device the mechanism
wi l l not overhaul The pawl should at a l l times be lef t an mesh with the
ra tche t To insure proper functioning t h i s mechanism should be kept
well lubricated She cranks and the mechanism housed in the drum bracket
should- under no circumstances^ be dismantled in the f ield
l M CAR PROPERj
Refer to Plate XVIII
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Ihe car proper serves as a t ransport f or the travels ing par ts
of the mount outrigger f l o a t s foot p la tes and for the c ross t ies and
bu i l t up H-beams of the foundation platform Ihen lowered on the foundashy
t ion platform i t serves as an emplacement
The car proper consists of a drop frame type of bqdyj vith ends
b u i l t up of s t ruc tu ra l s t e e l p la tes and shapes vitha cast s t e e l center
mounted on tvo six-wheel railway trucks I t i s equipped with four screw
jacks which are used f i r s t t o ra i se the car suff ic ient ly t o allow ths
groundplatf orm to be placed in posit ion under i t and then t o lower uho
-18shy
car until i ts weight rests on the crossties and through them to the
built up H-beams which are spiked to the rail t i e s There are also ffi
outriggers which are set out against wooden floats sunkin pits and back-
ed by earth The outriggers serve to keep the mount stationary during
firing
The over-all dimensions of the car body ends which as stated
above are built up of structural steel shapes and plates are length
12 feet 75 inches width 8 feet 55 inches The underframe is comshy
posed of two center si l ls four intermediate s i l l s and four side siljs
connected to a base plate in the center of the car which forms the lower
level of the car body Ihese si l ls are tied together ^t each end by
channel and s i l l s and cross braced by a body bolster 5 feet 95 inches
from each end The floor plate covering the sil ls consists of four steel
platesbull A step and a hand hold or grab iron is provided at each corner
SECTION I - Trucks
Refer to Plate XXXII
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The trucks of which there are two are of built up type the
frame being made up of plates and steel castings The center portion of
the frame is a steel casting forming a bolster and is riveted to the side
pieces Separate MraquoCraquoBlaquo center plates are riveted to the top of the
bolsters- Side bearings consisting of steel plates held in position by
cast recesses are placed on 45-inch centers The vertical distance from
the side bearing surface to the center plate ie 275 inches Steel
ings are riveted to the side^plates which fern the pedestals
-19shy
Th e journals a re standard MCB amppound x 10 and 28-inch wheampls
of ro l l ed s t e e l are pressed on the a x l e s
The loading on the t rucks r s t ransmitted t o the journals by )
s emi -e l l i p t i c springs and equalizers The equalizers bear on the journal
boxes and t h e i r outer ends are supported by coi l springs held dn place by
the pedestal cast ings
Inside hung brakes are applied on four wheels of each truck
The brake beams are MCraquoB No 4 t russed type with shoes keyed to heads
The beams are hung from brackets cast on the t ruck frames Separate cast
s t e e l lugs are riveted on both sides of the bols ter for connecting the
dead lever guides on one side and the l ive lever guides on the1 other
J -VBRAKESJL
Refer to Plates XIX XX XXI XXII XXIX XXX XXXI XXXIII
For Lis t of pa r t s vith t h e i r piece narks and the materialsof
which they are rcade see page
The car i s equipped vith both hand and airbrakes operated by^the
same system of levers and so arranged tha t e i ther can be applied independshy
ently I t i s necessary to apply the handbrakes at each end separa te ly
The ai rbrakes are connected by the t r a i n l i n e pipe and operated simshy
ul taneous ly Detached brake cylinders and reservoi rs Westinghouse type
D 10 x 12 See p la tes XXIX and XXX) are provided with K-2 t r i p l e valves
(See p l a t e XXXIII)raquo There i s also a centr i fugal d i r t co l l ec to r (See p la te
XXXI) and the necessary pipes valves and connections for f re igh t car
equipment
P la tes XIX and XX show the arrangement of brake pa r t s a t e i ther
end of the mount From these pla tes i t w i l l be seen tha t the handbrakes
2317amp
-20shy
can be applied without disturbing the piston in the brake-cylindershy
the piston rod being made up of tubing in which the cylinder push rod
slides It will be further noted that the handbrake staff is connected
to a horizontal lever by means of a pull rod and chain The horizontal
lever is connected to the brake cylinder on one end andto the truck
live lever on the other end by means of rods and levers
The reservoirs are equipped with a valve operated by a rod
which can be pulled to release the air brakes quickly when desired
Ihe triple valve governs the flow of air allowing air to pass
from the train line into the reservoir and from the reservoir to the
cylinders liVhen pressure in the train line is reduced the triple valve
admits air from the reservoir into the cylinder and when pressure in the
train line is again raised the triple valve closes the passage of air
from the reservoir to the cylinder and at the same time allows the air
in the cylinder to escape into the atmosphere This automatically reshy
leases the brakes The reservoir is again recharged from the train line
to the required pressure These operations are effected by opening or
closing of ports in the triple valve by variations in the air pressure
A dirt collector located between the triple valve and the train
line collects dirt from the air before i t passes into the triple valve
The dirt thus collected may be blown out of the dirt collector by openshy
ing a valve at its bottom
_SEC_TION K - DRAFT GEAR AND FRTiNCH COUPLERS
(a) Draft Gear Refer t o p l a t e XXXVII
For l i s t of p a r t s vith t h e i r piece marks and the mater ia l of
which they are made see page bull
2317$
-21shy
The draft gear is known as the Westinghouse friction Type
The V-estinghouse friction parts are enclosed in a drum which is so applied
between cast steel draft lugs to receive the buffing and pulling shocks
The coupler is Gould Coupler Companys pattern Z-201
(b) To Couple the Car
One man-required Tools needed none Car pusher can be used if locomotive is not
available
(1) Set the handbrakes on car enough to keep-it from moving easily
when bumped
(2) Gpen the knuckle on car by lifting the handle of the uncoupling
lever This movement will f i r s t unlock the knuckle so i t can be pulled
open but continuing the movement of uncoupling lever will throw the
knuckle open without the necessity of going in front of or between the
cars When the knuckle of either car i s open i t is only necessary to
Erring the cars together until the open knuckle closes aftd i t will lcopyck
aut orcat ic al 1 y
(c) To uncouple car
(l) Raise the uncoupling lever on one car enough to release the
knuckle and the cars may be pulled apart
(d) French Coupler - Refer to Plates XXXV and XXXVI
For l i s t of parts wiflitheir piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page bull
The bumper blOGks are of white oak each secured to the end s i l l
channels by six 1-inch diameter and two 15-inch diameter bolts To
these blocks the buffers safety chains and parts of the draft hooks are
fastened as shovai on Plate XXXV
The screw couplers safety chains and buffers conform to the
standard now adopted for US Government freight cars in France With
t h i s arrangement and when the car i s connected to the ammunition car
or some other car the couplers draw them together producing compression
in the buffer spr ings
At each end of the car there are two different types of buffers
one with a f l a t buffing surface and the other with a curved surface
Similar buffers are located diagonally opposite on the car in order that
when the cars are coupled together the f l a t buffer of one car will butt
against the curved buffer of the next car This i s done to prevent
damage to buffers when t ra in is rounding a curve
The buffrer housing which contains the compression spring and
ac ts as a guide for the buffer i s bolted to the bumper block by four
bol ts bull A buffer p la te however i s placed between the buffer housing and
the bumper block to give a bet ter bearing surface The large end of the
spring referred to above res ts against a c i rcular p la te and the small end
against the buffer In order to prevent the spring from pushing these
tvo apart a 1875-inch diameter pin is provided which has a head at one
end amdl a t the other end a key projecting through the pin and a collarlaquo
The above mentioned c i rcular p la te se ts up into the buffer housing fqr
enough to allow clearance between the bumper block and the buffer plate
for the col lar and key but i t is prevented from being pushed back by a
cast s t ee l ring bolted to the buffer p l a t e
The draft hook projects through the bumper block end s i l l and
cast s t ee l draft spring stop to a cast s t ee l block which is held to i t by
a nut and s p l i t pin This l a t t e r block i s guided by lugs on the center
23175
sampll and takes the thrust of the compression spring which is seated
at i t s large end on tho draft spring stop rivetedto the center s i l l
of car The draft hook is also guided by another cast steel block restshy
ing against the1draft hook plate and bolted to a bumper block The
shoulders of the draft hook butt up- against this block when released
thus stopping i ts inward motion
The screw coupling is fastened by a pin vith cotter to a
hole in the draw hook It consists of the yoke attached to the draw
hook a clevis for hooking to the next car and a right and left hand
screw to draw the yokes and clevis togetherbull Attached to the middle
of the screw is an arm with a ball at the end which is used as a handle
to operate the screw The right hand threads on one side of this handle
screws through a pin holding the y6kes together The left hand threads
on the other side of the handle screw through a similar pin connected to
the clevis These pins are held in place by cotter pins A screv couplshy
ing is provided at each end of the car but when the train is made -up
only one coupling is used at each connection Mien not in use the loose
end of the coupling is swung on a hook attached to the draft hook plate
under the bumper blocks
Safety chains one on either side ox the draft hook serve as a
coupling in case the screw coupling or draw hooks are out of order These
consist each of a chain and hook fastened to car by an eye bolt The eye
bolt passes through the bumper block and end s i l l and are held in place
by nuts with a split pin To allow a l i t t l e give to the chain four spring
washers are inserted between the end s i l l channel and the nutraquo A cast
steel guide bolted to the bumper block acts as a stop and guide for the
23176
eye bolts and chain
(e) To Couple Cars Refer to Plate XXXVIlaquo
One man required Tools needed^ none
Car pusher can be us 3d if- locomotive is not available
(1) Set hand brako on stationary car (not completely but enough
so that car will move only slightlyif bumped) and bring the cars as
clc-Sff together as buffers will allow
(2) Stampndlig LeUveen cars inside of buffers l i f t one of the screw
couplings from the hook under bumper block and hook staple on draft hook
of other car (if the staple does not reach the hook the coupling will
have to be lengthened by turning the screw with handle)
(3) Tighten screw until there is just enough compression in the
draft hook and buffer springs to make cars ride easily The screw can
be turned easily by raising the ball attached to end of handle in the
proper direction until i t will fal l by i t s own weight thus completing
one turn By repeating above operations the required amount of turns
can be made
(4) Hook the safety chains of one car to the chains of the other
car (5) Connect a ir hose and open angle cock
(6) Release handbrake
(f) To Uncouple Cars
Reverse the process of coupling described above taking care
that the screw coupling is screwed a l l the way out before the staple is
hung on the hook
2317$
^ JL- JACKS
Refer to Platcopy XXV
(a) For l i s t 03 par ts vith t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Four bu i l t in jack screws are located in the corners of the
base p la te d i rec t ly above the r a i l s of a standard gauge t rack
Each jack consists of a ram screw nut r screw gear pinion
pinion stud ratchet pawl ratchet housing and lever
The rain carr ies a nut into which the screw works On the upper
end of the screw i s a screw gear meshing with a pinion on the pinion s tud
A ratchet meshing vith the pinion is turned by a ratchet pawl attached to
the ratchet housing which in turn i s bull operated by a long hand lever
There are two jack blocks 9 inches wide 8 inches high and 5
feet 6 inches long provided vith each ca r These blocks placed across
the r a i l s act as bearings for the jacksraquo In order to raise the car the
jack blocks are placed across the r a i l s so-that the two jackscrews at
each end wil l rest upon them
Four 20-inch 25-ton auxi l iary jacks having a t o t a l r i s e of 9
inches are carried on each railway car and weight-approximately 95 pounds
ea[ch They can be used for emergency purposes or in case the regular
jacks are out of ordershy
(b) To ra ise mount with screw jacks refer to plate XXV
Two men required on each set of jacks (four if both ends of car are to be raised)
Tools needed 4 Jack levers bull
2317 6
(1) Place jack blocks across rails under jacksf The faces
of the block with the bearing surfaces should be next to the rail and
jack screws
(2) Turn jack lever until ends of jack screw bear on the jack
blocking Be sure the jack blocking is correctly placed so as to give
good bearing- 011 rails and continue turning levers until car is high
enough to permit the foundation stringer to be placed under the base
plate then put isu the foundation cross beams
(c) To Lower Car Refer to plate XXV
Reverse procedure as outlined in (b) above
(d) To Raise mount with auxiliary jacks Refer to plate XXV
Two men required Tools needed
4 Auxiliary Jacks
4 Wood blocks about 4 x 4 x 4
(l) Arrange blocking directly under seats of t i e rod bracket
castings The top of this blocking should be about 9 inches below the top
of the rai l in order to get the jacks under the mount
(2) Place auxiliary jacks on these blocks arrange pawl so that
jack will raise when handle is lowered insert handle in socket and raise
by pumping until jack engages with lower surface of base plate Operate
jacks until mount is raised sufficient to place foundation
(3) Remove jacks after foundation is placed
jBCTION M - F0I3N DATION
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXIV
The foundation i s intended to take the load off the car
trucks and t ransfe r i t d i rec t ly to the ground through r a i l t i e s 23176
- 2 7 shy
I t i s nade up of four cross beams which support the side
intermediate and center s i l l s of the car and which in turn transmit the
to t-70 l inos of H-b earns placed para l le l to and outside of the r a i l s
on each side of the track Each l ine of beams is composed of two separate
channel irons bolted to each other and Spiked with screw spikes to the
r a i l t i e s in order to prevent movement
The material for the foundation platform is stored on car in
f rent of ammunition t r a y On the car the H-beams are placed at r ight angles
to the t r ack In tack of the beams the cross t ies are placed These beans
and cross t ies are blocked in front by the outrigger brackets in back by
the loading t rays and on the sides by the outriggers On top of the cross-
t i e s the jack blocks are placed These are held in place by fastening the
rope attached to them to the loading tray legs
(b) To place for f i r i n g - Refer to Pla te XXIV
men needed-
Tools required
3 - 2 x 4 timbers about 3 long for parrying H-b earns
1 - Wrench double 0625 and 0laquo75 U43F
The t rack at the location where the gun is to be placed should be
previously prepared The r a i l s should be leveled up and the ba l las t tamped
well under the t i e s
(1) Remove foundation jack block from car platform and place across
the r a i l s with center l ines d i rec t ly under the screw jacks
(2) Raise the car by means of the screw jacks (See Sect L Division
b
2317 6
-28shy
(3) Remove foundqtion stringers from car platform two to be
placed on either side of the track
(4) Place the stringers under the flange of the base plate as
near the rai l as possible and parallel to the track with the ends of the
stringers on either side of the track approximately opposite each other
(5) Connect the stringers at the center by four 75 x 1375
bolts bull
(6) Remove the cross beans from the car platform
(7) Flace the cross beams under the side sillsr of the car restshy
ing on the foundation stringere
(8) Lower the car by means of the screw jacks until the center
portion of the base plaite rests on the foundation stringers and the ends
of the side intermediate and center s i l ls rest on the cross beams
(9) Screw up jacks until they clear blocking by at least one half
inch before firing
(c) To Disassemble foundation and load for carrying
8 men required Tools neededs
1 wrench double raquo625 and 75 U43F 2 Track wrenches 4712C 1 Crowbar 1243A
To disassemble reverse procedure outlined in (b) above
To load the material on car platforms for carrying proceed as follows
(1) Place crossties on car platform against ammunition tablet
The ends of the crossties should be perpendicular to the tracks
(2) Place H~beams with webs vertical next to crossties
(3) Place jack blocks on crossties and lash to legs of ammunition
table 23170
SECTION N - OUTRIGGERS
( a ) Description Refer to Plate XXIIIbull
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the mat copyrial of
which they are made see page
There are eight outriggers furnished with e^ch mount which
form braces to prevent the mount from tipping over or from sl iding on
the foundation -platform when the gun isrbeing f i r ed
The four end outriggers which are fastened both when and
when not in use to a socket on the side of the car should be used ^ien
the gun i s f ired vith in the sector 45 degrees to the r ight or to the
l e f t of the longitudinal center l ine of the car They are each rnade up
of 6-inch hot drawn Shelby s tee l tubing vith an adjusting scifcew on one
end and an eye and pin on the other The adjusting screw has a ba l l on
the end and can be screved in or out of the nut s t ru t end with a s tee l
rod which f i t s into holes provided next t o the b a l l The fixed end of
the outrigger res ts in asocket casting on the car side and the ball of
the adjusting screwscrests in the foot p la te used to d i s t r ibu te the load
over the wooden f l o a t From the nut s t ru t end to a bracket on the car
d i rec t ly below the outrigger bracket is a t i e rod As the center l ine of
the outrigger s t ru t does not pass through the trunnions of the gun there
i s an overturning tendency when the gun is f i red normal to track The
purpose of the t i e rod i s to counteract t h i s tendency
The four side outriggers which are also fastened to a socket
on the side of the car should be used when the gun is f i red within the
sec tor 45 degrees to the r ight or l e f t of a cross center l ine of the ca r
23176
They ar4 the same in every respect as the end outriggers
The footplates are of cast steel and are used to transmit the
thrust from the struts to the f loats Their lower surfaces are smooth
and the upper parts have sockets to receive the ball ends of the struts
Each float is built up of two layers of Mocking so as to disshy
tribute the ioad from the strut over 20 square feet of ground surface
The lower layer is composed of fine white oak blocks and the upper layer
of three blocks a l l bolted togetlis3raquo There are two angle guides bolted
to the upper surface of the floats for guiding the foot plates
Mien not in use the floats and footplates are placed on the
car platform The floats are piled in an inclined position against the
ammunition trough in the rear of the car The footplates are piled on
the front platform of the car qgnd lean against the ammunition table
The float lashingi for holding the floats in position (See
Plate XXVl) while in transit is composed of five wire ropes fastened toshy
gether by steel rings and turnbuckles When the floats are loaded in
traveling position two of the wire ropes held together by a turnbuckle
are passed around the lower part of the floats and secured to the amshy
munition table by steel rings At the upper part of the float two more
wire ropes are passed around also held together by turnbuckles and seshy
cured to the ananunition table by steel rings The upper lashing is held
in place by the angles on the sides and by another wire rope in the rear
fastened to the platform Turning the turnbuckles tightens the ropes and
holds the floats in place
The footplate lashing for holding the foot plates in position
vhile in transit is composed Of one wire rope with a hook on one end and
23176
- 3 1 shy
a tumbuckle on the other Illhen the pla tes are loaded in traveling posishy
t ion the rope i s fastened to the lower angle of the ammunition tab le and
run diagonally along the foot p la tes from the bottom rear to tfre top front
Ihey are prevented from sl iding forward by an-angle at the f ron t Turning
the turnbuckle t ightens the rope and holds the pla tes in p lace
The s t ru t s and end t i e rods are fixed permanently to the sockets
on the mount and vdien not in use are swung around and hung on the side of
the mount bull The center t i e rods are taken off and placed on top of the
loading platform in back of the front ammunition t a b l e
(b) To Place an End Outrigger for F i r ing
Six men required
Tools needed 2 - 2raquo x 6 inch boards 8 f t long 1 - s l ing of rope about 30 f t long 2 - Shovels 8819A 2 - Picks U51A 1 - Long handled shovel 1 - Axe U51D 1 - 0875 diameter x 24 rod to turn s t r u t adjusting screwshy1 - Crowbar 1243A 1 - Hammer U48F 1 - 2 x 4 timber about 5 long f^rtftatepiftg earth 1 - Rule 1 - Tape measure 4 - Stakes
1 - 1 x 2 board exactly 90 inches long
(1) Move t i e if necessary and lay off oblong on ground 60 x 35
so that one corner of the long side is 56 from center of mount and 28
from center l i ne of trucks and the other corner will be 108 from center
l i ne of mount and 68 from center l ine of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pplusmnb u n t i l sides meet at a depth of 90 from top
of car platform
23176
(3) Loosen up turn bustle of footplate lashing^ and remove a l l foot
plates from platform and place them on ground in a convenient place
(-) Uohooi float lashing and throw to one side away from f loats
Fasten sling around upper f loat Slide i t dovn skids to ground and place
i t in p i t with i t s under surface resting on rear or sloping part of pi t
and with angles s t i l l horizontal
(5) Place a foot plate vdth i t s under surface bearing in the center
and between angles on the f loa t
(D) Lift outrigger strut out of carrying bracket and swing i t arround
on the socket casting and turn adjusting screw up in the strut so as to
isike i t as short as possible If i t is difficult to turn the adjusting
screw the 875 inch diameter rod should be used which f i t s in the holes
next to the ball-end Swing end of outrigger around until the ball is
right over socket of foot plate and turn adjusting screw out until the ball
bears against socket and causes compression in the strut
(7) Remove t i e roduf rom car and fasten to strutbull Turn the tumshy
buckle until rod is t igh t
(8) Pile earth against the part of under surface of float which
projects above the ground level tamping well to give a good bearing for
the whole under surface of float
(c) To Place a side Outrigger for Firing Refer to Plate XXIII
Six men required
Tools needed Same as for (b) above
( l ) Lay off oblong on ground 60 x 55^ so that one oorner of the
long side is IQOfl from center line of mount and 128 back from center line
23176
- 3 3 shy
of trucks and the other end Ls 155 from center line of mount and 128
back from center line of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pit until sides meet in the center of the pit at
a distance of 90 from the top of car platform
(3) Place floats and foot plates in the same manner as for end outshy
riggers
(4) Swing outrigger from mount and turn adjusting screw out until
the ball end bears against sOcket and causes compression in the strut
(5) Remove center t ie rods from car platform and connect to t ie rod
studs ^lowing rod to drop down to lugs on lower part of outrigger beam
and adjust turnbuckle until pin can be inserted in the holes in lugs
(6) Pile earth agpoundpoundnst part of under surface of float which projects
above the ground levellaquo tamping well to give a good bearing for the vhole
surface of floatbull
(7) Remove remaining floats if there are any from end car platshy
form and place them in a convenient place out of the my
(d) Tos Adjust Screw on Outriggers Refer to Plate XXIII
Qne man required
Tools needed
bull875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B
After the gun has been fired i t may be |ound that the outriggers
have packed the earth under the float and that the struts do not bear
firmly against the foot plates After every firing the adjusting screws
should be turned out if necessary in ordefr to make firm bearing As
stated above the adjusting screw should be turned out by means of the
bull875-inch rods which f i t in holes next to the ball end of the strut
23176
bull - 3 4 shy
(amp) To Adjust Floats Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed bull875 diameter by 24-inch rod 106B 1 Crowbar 1243A
If the movement of earth under the floats continues as the
firing goes on until the adjusting screws have reached their outward limit
earth or blocking will have to be placed under the float to give a new
bearing surfacelaquo To do this proceed as follows
(1) Turn adjusting screw up in the struts as irar as i t will go
(2) With crowLars move the foot plates and floats up tovyard the
car keeping their inclination the same as before
(3) Hold the floats in this position by means of wedges and f i l l in
the back of floats with earth or blocks until the whole under surface of
the floats have a firm bearing
(4) Turn adjusting screw out again to give compression in the strut
I t may be necessary also to adjust the length of t ie rod on side outriggers
which can be done by turning turn buckle
(f ) To Place Had Outrigger strut for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed
0875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B Hammer U48F
(1) Remove pin with spli t pin holding end t i e rod to outrigger
strut swing t i e rod around and hang i t on bracket on side of the mount
(2) Turn adjusting screv up on the strut as far as i t vail go
Swing free end of strut around and hanamp i t on bracket on side of mount
23176
- 3 5 shy
(g) To Place Sidcopy Outrigger for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII-
Four men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F -875-inch by 24-inoh rod 106B
(1) Remove pin connecting side t i e rod to outrigger s t r u t remove
t i e rod from bracket and place on car platform (see Plate XXIII)bull
(2) Turn adjusting screw of s t r u t up as far as i t wi l l go- thus
allowing s t ru t to swing free of foot p l a t e shy
(3) Lift free end of s t ru t and swing around on to top of base
p la t e inside of outrigger support
(h) To Place Floats and Foot p la tes for carrying - Refer to
Plate XXVI
Six men required
Tools needed 1 sl ing of 1-inch rope about 30 f t long 1 wrench double 0625 and 0raquo75 U43F 1 pinch bar i crowbar 1243A
(1) Lay foot p la tes to one side raise f i r s t f loa t with crowbar
and then s l ide f loat up skids on to rear platform of car Place f loat
vith long side against ammunition trough and angle side out angles benjig
v e r t i c a l (See Plate XXVI)
(2) Place second i l o a t as abovevwith the under surface of same
res t ing against the angles of the f i r s t f loa t bull
(3) Continue loading f loa t s as in (2) un t i l the l a s t one has been
placed on the mount
(4) Last f loa t s together as described in (a)raquo
23176
-36shy
(5) Place foot p la te on le f t front of car in inclined position
res t ing against ammunition table
(6) Continue loading remaining foot p la tes ampa in (5) un t i l the
l a s t one has been placed on the mount
(7) Laah foot p la tes together as described in ( a )
SECTION 0- - AMMUNITION HANDLING
Refer to Plates XV and XXVII
A t r i p l e x block lowers the ammunition from the ammunition car in
the rear of the mount to the ammunition trough bolted to the platform of
the Howitzer c a r The upper surface of the t ray is bu i l t on an incl ine
do that the ammunition can be s l i d on to a t a b l e This table wil l hold
seven p r o j e c t i l e s The crane (See Sect G ) ho is t s the ammunition from
the table to the loading t ray on the traversing part of the mount ampa inshy
cl ine trough extends from th i s t ray to tike breech of the Howitzer- Two
men then push the pro jec t i l e down the inclined surface into the breech of
the howitzer
ggCTION PVr MUZZLE SUPPORT
(a) Description Refer to Plates I and II
For l i s t of par ts with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The gun when traveling i s held firmly to the mount by a muzzle
support and band The muzzle of the gun res t s on the muzzle support which
in tum is supported by the ammunition trough A wire rope i s passed over
the muzzle and to the ammunition trough by a band latch and hinge On
one end of the vire rope a stud i s fastened in an open socket This stud
f i t s in a hole in the band latch and has a nut on i t By tightening th is
23176
laquo-37shy
nut the rope holds the muzzle- of the gun on the muzzle block
(b) To Place Muzzle Support
One man required
Tools needed 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s 1 - wrench double 0375 and 1 U4-3G
( l ) Depress gun to 0 degrees elevation and traverse to 0 degrees
azimuth having muzzle support block in place
(3) Place gun band over muzzle of gun and fasten to band hinge on
One side and band labrh stud on other side
(3) Screw up nut on band latch stud un t i l band is t igh t on muzzle
of gun
SECTION Q_raquo_ - CHESTS
One tool chest and two armament chests are carried with each mount-
They are made of 062-inch s tee l reinforced by angles on the outsidebull The
p la tes are flanged a t the corners to connect to adjacent p l a t e s Two f l a t
s t raps riveted to the bottom by countersunk r ivets serve to protect the
bottom of the chest
The covers are hinged t o the back of the chests and have catches
On e i ther side to hold them open The coders are locked by a lock bolt
a t each side and by Yale lock in the middle The chests are equipped with
handles on each end
The tool chest i s 4C-inches long 20-inches wide and 24-inches
h igh I t is equipped vith one t ray which res ts on shelf angles This chest
i s carried on the r ight end platform of the mount alongside of the loading
trough when t r a v e l i n g Lug angles bolted to the floor p la tes prevent i t
from shift ing
23175
The armament chests are 4G~inches long 20-inches wide and 12shy
inches high They are equipped with two trays placed on top of each
bdquobull -rltA supported on tne chest bottom
bullWhen the mcunt is traveling these chests are placed on the front
of the car platform just in back of the ammunition t a b l e They are held
in t h i s position with angles which are bolted to the floor p l a t e s
The chests should be removed from mount when in f i r ing position
and placed in some convenient p lace
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXXIV
The mount may be camouflaged using the five color system
following the foliage design vith color key in black and white shown on
Pla te XXXIV
The object of th i s method of painting is to break up the lamprge
surfaces into a number of small sections so as to produce the appearance
of a c lus ter of shrubbery vith patches of l ight and shadow
To completely camouflage the mount i t should be covered with a
semi-transparent camou1 lagcopy canopy of ten t form similar to that used for
tljre 12-in oh Gun Railway Carriage shown on drawings Class 85 Division 22
Drawings 1 2 and 3raquo
(b) Pa)ntslaquo
The pa in ts to be used are the Q Government Camouflage Paints
prepared for the five color sjrstem and in the proportion as follows
applied over a coat of Ordnance Grey and never on bare metal
123455
Brown Yellow Cream Green Mauve Black
No 4041 4C42
4043 4044 4046 4045
-10 3 5 10 2 1
par ts
bullbull deg 23176
- 39shy
Th e paiat numbers referred to above are the US Government
Paijit numbers The parts referred to indicate the relative amounts of
paints of the different colors which will be required to camouflage one
12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount
Each color for convenience should be furnished for use in one
gallon friction top cans with handle Paints should be furnished in the
cans mixed ready for use Mien paint becomes too thick and i t is necessary
to thin use ^linseed oil and turpentine for that purpose being careful
not to use too much turpentine
(c) To Apply the Paint
To apply the paint the surface should be free of all sand
cinders dirt and oil Paint formerly applied and adhering firmly to the
surface need not be removed The section to which the different colors
are to be applied are then laid off in accordance with the design shown
on Plate
After the mount has been properly marked off into the different
sections the colors should be carefully applied care being taken to inshy
sure an even smooth coatf After the different colors have been applied
the lines where the colors meet should be covered with a black band about
one and one quarter inches wide Rrecautions should be taken to see that
the paint is dry and hard before permitting anything to come in contact
with the painted surface
(d) To Remove Paint
The paint may be removed by turpentine or by the use of a paint
torch if care is taken in the use of the flame
pound3 L7
-40shy
MAINTMANCE OFJEHE
SECTION A - Care of Recoil Mechanism
(a) The recoil cylinder should be emptied and refilled once every
three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months or ofterier if
conditions require i t
The liquid inithe recoil cylinder is a solution of esectual parts
glycerine and water- The density of the liquid should be 115 and should
have a neutral or alkaline reaction oaused by adding caustic soda or
caustic potash chemically pure A hydrometer which is kept in the arshy
mament chest whennot in use is furnished to test the solution for densityraquo
This liquid should be filtered through a clean piece of muslin or linen
before using Ihe glycerine should be kept in closed cans provided for
the purpose and be carefully protected from dirt sand and g r i t Liquid
drawn from cylinders and containing sediment must not be used again until
i t has been allowed to set t le for not less than 24 hours
(b) To dismount recoil mechanism Refer to Plate VII
The dismounting of the recoil mechanism should never be undertaken
in the f ield
Four men required one cylinder at a time
Tools neededWrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Buckets Can Screw drivershy U45W gt Wrench single 425 nuts U596D Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower
lt
U596A Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C Wrench recoil cylinders U596B
(1) Elevate the Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plug and drain
liquid from cylinder into buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders
(2) Remove looking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
iod nuts rear
(3) Remove air from recuperator by unscrewing emptying valve on
rear end of recuperator cylinder
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug on the recoil band clears
the end of piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nut front
(5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rod remove follower
gland and packing and screw follower and stuffing box back into the
cylinder
(6) Remove cylinder head weight 174 pounds
(7) Draw piston rod vith piston out through cylinder head end of
cylinder The weight of piston rod vith piston is approximately 392 pounds
care should therefore be used in handling itraquo
(8) Unscrew recoil cylinder and slide cylinder out The cylinder
weighs 628 pounds
(9) Stuffing box follower and leather vasher rray be removed Lockshy
ing screw need not be removed
(c) To Assemble Recoil Mechanism Refer to Plate VII bull
The assembling of the recoil mechanism should never be under
taken in the field
Four men required
Tools needed Wrench recoil cirlinders U596B Screw driver U45S Wrench recoil cylinders U595B Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
- 4 2 shy
Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U595D Screw driver U45W Wrench double 0625 and075 U43F Hand mallet U47AN bull Brass rod 0312 (516) diameter by 12 inches Glycerine and water solution (either new or used) Hydrometer (if solution is new) Filling funnel Can
6 rings of 0375 inch Garlock packing
(1) Insert recoil cylinder in cradle and push i t through until
threads on cylinder come in contact with threads on cradle- Turn cylinder bull
with wrench on flats at stuffing box end until cylinder flange bears fineshy
ly on cradle andnotch in flange at stuffing box end lines up with hole
in cylinder for locking screw
(2) Screw locking screw in cradle
(3) Insert piston rod in cylinder and place leather washer stuffing
box washer stuffing box with gland and follower in place and piston
rod nut (front) on rod when it is pushed through stuffing box end of tcyshy
linder Screw stuffing box in place and ppoundsh piston rod to rear through
recoil band advancing piston rod nut until the distance from the end of
the threaded end of rod to the rear end of cylinder equals 24375- - 001
inches 1
(4) Look the front and rear piston rod nuts
(5) Pack the stuffing box as per instructions erection A division e
(6) With leather washer and recoil cyiinderhead bushing in place
screw on cylinder head v
(7) Fill cylinder vith the glycerine and water solution using f i l l shy
ing funnel prescribed as per instructions section A division d
(d) To Fil l ret oil cylinders Refer to Plate VII
- 4 3 shy
Two men required
Tools needed Wrenchj double 0raquo625 and 075 U43F Pilling Funnel Glycerine and water solution (either new or used)
Hydrometer (if solution is new)
(1) Set Howitzer at 0 degree with recoil band against stops on
cradle and remove filling plugs
(2) In3ert fi l l ing funnel ampnd f i l l to overflowing with solution
of glycerine and water Allow escape of air ref i l l remove funnel and
screw filling plugs tight
(e) To Pack Stuffing Box- Refer to Plate VII
One man required
Tools needed Spanner wrench stuffing box follower- U596A Hand mallet U47AN 60 rings of 0375-inch Garlock packing Screw driver U45W Wrench single 425 nuts U50D Wrench box U423D Brass rod 0312 (5l6) diameter by 12 inches Can
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs and drain
liquid from cylinders to buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders Elevate
Howitzer to 0 degree elevation
(2) Allow air to escape from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing
exhaust stem in valve rear end of cylindershy
(3) Remove locking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug 033 the recoil band clears
the end of the piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nuts
front
-44shy
5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rodj remove follower
guand and packing screw stuffing box back into cylinder and discard
any of the packing that is unfit for use If any is used to repack i t
should be put in after new
(6) To repack put on the piston rod one ring of the packing and shy
force i t well to the bottom of the stuffing box by brass rod and malletlaquo
Treat each ring of packing in the same manner beingcareful to break
joints until three rings of new packing or an equal amount of new and
old packing have been inserted Enter the gland and follower in the box
and soreyen up t ight
(7) Screw piston rod nuts (front) on rods slide Howitzer forward
put piston rod nuts (rear) on and add locking screws
(8) Fill recoil cylinder as prescribed in section A division (d)
(9) Fill recuperator cylinder with air as prescribed in-section B
division (d)
The addition of the leather vasher around the piston rod in front
of the stuffing box allows less force to tighten the follower than if it
were the plain packing
The follower should be tightened up from time to time If i t is
screwed into the stuffing box too tightly an unnecessary amount of fricshy
tion will be produced On the rod Hi en the follower is screwed 4n until
the flange strikes the box i t should be repacked
(f) To Clean Recoil Cylinders
This operation should not b3 undertaken in the field
Three men required Tools needed
Wrench double 0525 and 075 U43F Buckets Can bull
Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower U596A Screv driver U45W Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U596D Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
Plumbers hand force pump with hose
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs drain liquid
into buckets^ and elevate Howitzer to 0 degree
(2) Remove locking screws frrom piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(3) Release followers a few turns remove cylinder heads weight
174 pounds each apd draw out piston rods as prescribed in section A
division (b)
(4) Thoroughly clean cylinders vith kerosene oil forced into both
ends with pump and wipe the interiors dry with clean waste Clean the
piston rod and cylinder heads
(5) Replace piston rod cylinder heads and tighten follower Screw
nuts in place on piston rod and lock
SECTION B - Care of Recuperator
(a) In general Refer to plate VIII bull
The recuperator cylinder and plunger should be emptied and reshy
fil led onpe every three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months
or of tenor if conditions require itlaquo
The liquid in the plunger is the same as that in the recoil
cylinder (See section A division (a) second paragraph)
The in i t ia l pressure of the air$ with Howitzer in lottery should
be 1550 pounds per square inch and of the liquid 1700 pound per equate
inch The pressures are indicated by the pressure gauges on the su^poi-
2 b _ bullbullbull
- 4 6 shy
vith the pump If the pressure of the air is not sufficient to reshy
turn the howitzer to tattdry at maximum elevation 60 degrees and if the
plunger is not full of liquid pump glycerine solution into plunger until
either normal pressure or a full plunger is obtained provided that the
variation from 1550 pounds per square inch is small
If this variation islarge connect the compressed air tank and
raise the pressure in the air chamber The amount of space between the
rear face-of tige washer on the front end of the piston rod and the front
face of the stuffing bampx gland indicates the amount the pistonjhas moved
toward the plunger caused by leakage of the liquid When this distance
equals approximately 5875 inches the piston is resting against the plunger
the plunger must be refilled with liquid before this condition exists or
serious darcage will be done There should always be a space between the
rear face of the washer and the front face of the gland even vhen plunger
is full of liquid Because if the washer is against the gland there is
nothing to indicate that the liquid pressure is balanced by the air pressure
and any excess liquid pressure may damage the piston rod
The pull rod bearings in cradle should always be well lubfcicsated
(b) To Dismount Recuperator Refer to Plate VIIIbull
This operation should never be done in the field unless i t becomes
absolutely necessary The Howitzer must not be elevated while the re-
cup erfi t or is dismounted
Five men required
Tools needed Wrench box U423D Spanner wrench U423E Wrench double 125 and 15 U--33A Screw driver U45AN
- 4 7 shy
Cocket wrench U422G Handle U422H Socket wrenchU422D
bullWrench double 0875 and 1 UltL-3G Wrench U423A Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Screw driver U45AE Socket wrenehi U422C
(1) With the Howitzer at 0 degrees open upper stem on l iquid
valve un t i l l iquid begins to escape then c lose
(2) Depress the Howitzer t o -5 degrees and secure by means of the
muzzle support
(3) Empty a i r from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing both steins
in a i r valve at rear end of cylinder I t i s very important t h a t - a l l the a i r
be allowed to escape before removing any p a r t s
(4) Slack off the front nuts on the large stuffing box at front end
r l recuperator cylinder in order to take the pressure off of the plunger
caused by the pqcking
(5) Push plunger and piston t o the rear with i t s yoke unt i l pul l
rod bushings are uncovered holding pul l rods in the i r original pos i t ion
-(6) Block up under plunger at a point just behind the yoke to
support plunger
(7) Remove lock screw in each yoke bushingbull
(8) Unscrew yoke bushingsbull
(9) Remove pull-rod bracket
(10) Push pul l rods to r ea r
(11) Remove yoke bushings
(12) Pull out the plunger piston rod and yoke which weigh about
500 pounds care being taken t o have these par ts centered at a l l times an
to protect the outer surface of plunger 2 j l lt bull
- 4 8 shy
(13) Remove piston-rod nut washer gland and stuffing box
rivaLl with packing and plunger l ea the r
(14) Draw out piston
(15) Disconnect a i r and liquid piping and remove l iquid valve
(16) Remove plunger protection ring f e l t rusher gland stuffing
box large with packing and plunger leather packing
bullbull(17) Remove set screw in cylinder clamp lock unscrew cylinder
clarnp lock and s l ide cylinder out to rear weight about 895 pounds bullbull
(c) To Assemble Recuperator Refer to Plate VI I I
This operation should never be undertaken in the f ie ld unless i t
becomes absolutely necessary
Five men required-
Tools needed
3 rings flax packing 30D Piston washer leather 30B Spanner wrench U423G Socket wrench U422C Socket wrench U422D Screw driver U45AN Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Wrench- U423A Wrench double 087 5 and 1 U43G Socket wrench U422G Handle U422H Screw driver U45AE Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench U423D 10Ting flax packing 27N and 28M 2 leather packing 27H and 28K I ras3 rod 0437 (716) diameter by 12 inches F i l l ing funnel Can 2 tanks of compressed air
-49shy
I (I) Slide cylinder into housing in cradle screw cylinder clamp
lock on front end of cylinder and lock vith set screw Cylinder weights
1040 pounds
() Place stuffing box gland leather packing and felt washer
on plunger and slide to front
(3) Assemble packing gland and washer to piston and place piston
rod in place in plunger
(4) Push piston and plunger into cylinderlaquo
(5) Pack stuffing box large and put nuts on studamp care being
taken to tighten up nuts alternately so packing bears properly (See
division (amp)bull)
(6) Push plunger to the rear screw yoke bushings on pull iods
and slide pull rods in place
(7) Put leather packing and stuffing box small in plunger and
put nuts on studs
(8) Pack stuffing box sir^H place gland in place and screvnuts
on studs care being taken to tighten up nutsalternately so packing
bears uniformly (see division (e)raquo)
(9) Place washer on end of pistorj- rod and screw nut against shoulder
lOJ Bolt liquid valve to cylinder and connect up air and liquid
piping
(II) Fill the plunger vith liquid connect up the air tank and
f i l l the cylinder vith a i r
(d) To f i l l recuperator cylinder Refer to Plate VIII
Five men required
Tools needed
-5Oshy
Box wrench U423A Wrench U423D Can Glycerine and water solution
Two tanks of compressed a i r
(1) Fill plunger with glycerine and water solution by means of
the pump and at the same time letting compressed air into the air chamshy
ber being careful to keep the liquid and air pressures balanced as inshy
dicated by projection of piston rod forward from stuffing box
When plunger is full there should be only a small space be-v
tween front face of stuffing box gland and rear face of washer at front
end of piston rod Never allow these twoitcopy come together
(2) To f i l l the air chamber -the following has to be done- Connect
upoundgt the air tank with the air pipe connection by the copper tubing open
the valve on the tank then open the valve on the air cylinder Two tanks
are usually sufficient to run the air pressure in recuperator cylinder up
to 1700 pounds per square inch others or parts of others may be used if
necessary
(e) To pack stuffing boxes Refer to plate VIIIbull
One ring of packing is placed in stuffing box and forced well
to bottom with braks rod and mallet Treat each ring of packing in the
same manner being careful to break joints until the five rings have been
inserted Nuts on studs should be screwed tight against glandsraquo 1
TOien repacking these stuffing boxes recuperators must be dis-
mounted (see section B division (b) ) sufficiently to get the packing
out -Any of the old packing that is unfit for use should be discarded-
If any of the old is used to repack i t should be put in after the new
The addition of the leather washers around the piston r^d ampi
plunger in the rear of the stuffing boxes allows less fcrcc to tghJ-en
-51shy
the glands than if i t were the plain packing
The nuts around the glands should be tightened from time to time
If the glands are pressed too tightly into the stuffing boxes an unshy
necessary amount of friction will be produced on the plunger and rod When
the glands are pushed in until they strike the stuffing boxes they should
be repacked
(f) To clean recuperator cylinder and plunger Refer to Plate
See Section B division (b)
This should never be undertaken in the field except in case
of absolutenecessity V i x
Dismount the recuperator thoroughly clean the cylinder
and plunger with kerosene o i l forced into them with plunger s force pump
Wipe the^ in te r io rs dry with clean cotton waste Clean the piston and
pis ton rod
SECTION C - CARE OFELEVATING MECHANISM
(a) To Dismoipit the elevating mechanism Refer to p la tes XI and
XII
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0875 and 1 U4-3G Wrench double 125 and 15 U13BA Wrench double 2 and 225 IK-3ATC Wrench pinion shaft and nut 35 U82H SJcrew driver U45AN Screv driver U45AE Machinist s hammer U48F
Pin punch U47AF Blocks of wood
(1) Take hand wheel off and remove brake band
(2) Remove pinion shaft gear from elevating pinion shafts and
bull lt bullbull bull
- 5 2 shy
rmove elevating pinion shaf t
(3) Take off intermediate pinion shaft nut and washer and remove
intermediate pinion shaft) care being taken to see that intermediate gear
13 blocked up
(4) Remove elevating gear p la te with bearings fastened to i t
(5) Remove intermediate gear
(6) Take off handwheel sha f t
(7) Remove rack
(b) To assemble elevating iaechanism
Reverse the operations as outlined in above for dismounting bull
SECTION D - CARE Off TRAVERSING MECHANISM
(a) To dismount t ravers ing mechanism Refer to Plate XIIIbull
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrenoh double 1raquo25 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C Hammer machinists U48FshyPunch pin U47AF
Wrencty double 2 and 225U43AW
(1) Screw out side leveling screw remove sight with sight bracket
from cradle t runnions
(2) Take off gear case cover
(3) Remove pin and co l la r from end of worm shaft and draw i t out
(4) Knock out pins in lower part of ve r t i c a l trqversing shaft
and take off t ravers ing p in ion
(5) Drav shaft with worm vheel up through case push worm to side
of case when s t a r t ing (
- 5 3 shy
(6) Worm may then be removed from case aad case taken off side
of frame worm wheel may also be driven off shaf t
(b) To Assemble t raversing mechanism Refer to p la te XIII
Tnree men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 6375 and 05 U431 Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 2raquo and 225 U43AW Hammer machinists U48F Punch pin U47AF
(1) Bolt gear case to side frame and place vnra in pocket in case
(2) Drive worm vheel on shaft and place shaft in pos i t ion i
Worm must be held against wall of case gtS3aen assembling vheel and shaft
(3) Drive pinion on shaft and pin in p lace
(4) Slide worm shaft in place and lock i t vith pin and collar
(5) Bolt cover on case and bolt sight assembled or sight bracket
to t runnions
(6) Connect up leveling screw
SECTION F - CARE OF MMUNITEON CRANE
(a) To dismount ammunition c rane liefer to Dlate XXVII
Men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 pin punch
1 screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 anc 05 U-V3C 1 Wrench double 0625 auc O55 Ir4JF 1 Wrench double 0875-and Xraquo U43C
(l) Remove bolt fastening hoisting ropci to erjd of crime mast and
place bolt back in socket on rope This rejiovss sheave block
- 5 4 shy
sheave and crane hook
(2) Remove intermediate rope guard and sheave from crane mast
(3) Remove lower sheave bracket from crane mast and leave sheave and
rope guard attached to sheave bracket
(4) Unpin crank shaft co l l a r andrunscrew crank shaft n u t s
(5) Remove le f t crank and l e f t crank bushing rIhe crank shaft may
now be withdrawn to the l e f t and the pinion s ratchet and f r i c t ion box
and f r i c t ion disc be l i f t ed out The r ight crank may also be withdrawnbull
(6) Remove s p l i t pinsj drive out drum shaft and l i f t out drum and
gear
(7) Remove drum bracket from crane maftr
(8) Remove crane mast from crane mast pedestal and unbolt pedestal
from platform
(b) To AssembLe Ammunition Crane
Men Required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch
1 Screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075 II43F 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1 U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined above for dismounting in (a)laquo
Note- Care should be taken to see that the bronze and s tee l f r ic t ion
discs are assembled in t h e i r proper order
SECTION El ANTI-FRICTION DEVICE
(a) To Dismount a n t i - f r i c t i o n dev ice Refer t o P la te X
Four men required
Tools needed
Wrench single 175a U43V Wrench spanner U596E So rev driver U45AE
( l ) Unscrew locknut on adjusting screw
(Z) Remove s p l i t pin and nut from bearing support
(3) |Unscrew adjusting screw u n t i l beairinf support i s clear of bearshy
ing s e a t
(4) Remove r o l l e r and bearing s e a t
(5) Remove upper trunnion pin bearing anl key
(6) If t ipping pa r t s are out of side fcraiie bearing the bearing
support can be drawn up through the hole in s ids frame
(7) Bel lev i l le springs and washers can nor be removed
(8) Unscrew adjusting screw nut vith lockwasher attached to ifcraquo
(b) To assemble an t i - f r i c t i on device
Reverse the operation as outlined in afcove for dismounting
SECTION fl - CARE OF TRUCK3
(a) To remove trucks from Mount refer t o P la te XXXII
bull-8 Men required
Tools needed
4 Auxiliary jacks 1 Crowbar 1243A 1 Pinch bar
1 - 7-rinch p l i e r s U47AQ
(1) Remove s p l i t pin from l i ve lever pin a-d ^e7--e l ive lever pin
from rear t ruck lever connection Pl^ce l ino laver iivi i i hoe in 3 ive
lever and inse r t sp l i t pin shy(2) Lift- center pin from eenter p la ie hole usin^ pvrtn bar +y ^^-
-56shy
samej if necessary
(3) Raise mount with jacks as described in Part I Section (L) Divishy
sion (d) until mount is clear of trucks
(4) Shove trucks along until they are clear of mount
(fr) To Disassemble and Assemble Trucks Refer to Plate XXXII
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Wrench double 125 and 15 nuts U43BA 1 Wrench double 875 and I-inch U43G 1 - 7inch Pliers U47AQ 2 Crowbars 1243A Blocking 1 - 16-inch Monkey wrench U45LA lCfir Box Jacking screw with levers 1022C 4 Jacks 25-ton 1 Combination Hook and Packing tool
- 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar
(1) Remove pedestal t i e from both sides of truck replacing bolts in
t ies with nut locks and nuts
(2) Remove cotters from equalizer pins (put cotters in a convenient
place so they can be replaced in pin when same are later removed)
(3) Place jack screw on sectire blocking under inside pedestal castings
of outer wheels and raise truck frame until springs and equalizers are reshy
leased sufficiently for removing
(4) Remove semi-elliptic spring keys which will allow spring to be
removed
(5) Remove pins from equalizers and replace pins in same also replace
cotters (Refer to Art 2)
(6) Remove cotters and nuts from Helical spring bolts then remove
bolts and replace nuts and cotters Also remove springs and spring seats 33176
i
- 5 7 shy
7) Place car jack on secure blocking under serai-elliptic spring
soat and raise truck frame sufficient to remove wheels and journal boxes
(Snail jack screws and blocking can now be removed)
(8) Push end wheels with journal boxes away from truck framebull
(9) Disconnect bottom connection rod from both front and rear truck
levers and replace connection pins in their respective places in rods
(lltQ) Remove rear truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole from which it was taken in brajfce beam
( l l ) Disconnect front truck lever from dead lever bracket and replace
connection piniiin dead lever bracket
(12)) Disconnect dead lever bracket from dead lever fulcrum bracket and
replace connection pin in dead lever bracket
(13) Remove front truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole in brake beam
(14) Pull out brake shoe keys and remove brake beams and brake shoes
(15) Remove brake shoe hangers from side frames and replace hunger bolts
with keys in hangers
(16) Place blocking under pedestal casting of end wheels at either end
of truck most convenient and remove the car jacks near the end so blocked
by unscrewing jacks so as to allow frame to rest on blocking This will
permit moving center wheel with boxes intorposition formerly occupied by
aid wheels
(17) Replace ca^r jacks under semi-elliptic spring seats as before and
raise this end so as to release load of frame from blocking at end
(18) Remove end-blocking and push wheels away from frame
(19) Open journal box doors and remove journal box packing with hook
and packing tool 2SI16
-58shy
(20) Tilt the outer ends of the boxes up until bearing wedge and bearshy
nings can be removed remove wedges and take beardiigs out Then remove
boxes
(21) To Assemble Trucks Reverse the process just described
(c) To Pack Journal Boxes
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hook nd Packing Tool Bucket or Tin can of 3 to 5 gallons capacity Galena Oil bull I
Wool or Cotton Waste
(1) With hook and packing tool remove waste also all particles of
sand and gr i t from journal boxes
(2) In the bucket or tin can place enough waste to pack the number of
journal boxes to be packed wool waste is preferable but cotton waste
will do and saturate with Galena Oil
(3) With hook and pacafcing tool pack the oil saturated waste firmly
into the lower section of the Journal Boxes Note - The life of the journal
bearings will be considerably lengthened and the trouble arising from
burned out bearings will be reduced to a minimum if regular inspections be
made of the journal box packing If the car is to be moved a considerable
distance especially after having stood in one place for any length of
time i t i s vrell to see that a l l boxes are well packed with oil saturated
wasted Care should be taken to see that the covers are kept closed and
promptly replaced where broken or lost in order to keep out as much as
possible a l l sand and gri t
(d) To Replace Journal Bearings
Two men required 73V 6
Tools needed
1 Pinch Bar 1 Car Box Jacking Screw 1 Hook and Packing Tool
(1) With car body jacks ra ise car body about two inches
(2) With car box jacking screw ra ise the journal box from which the
bearing i s to be removed about two incheslaquo
(3) Raise journal box cover and remove bearing wedge with hook withshy
draw bearing
(4) Put new bearing in posit ion and replace bearing wedge pack journal
box packing firmly around lower half of journal and be certain that ijournal
bearing and wedge are properly seated
(e) To Place Trucks Under ca r
Reverse procedure outlined in Part I I Section G Division (a)laquo
SECTION- H - CARE OF TRUCKS
(ai To Disassemble Air Brake Refer to plates XIX apid XX bull
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch P l i e r s U47 AQ 1 Pinch Bar 1 Wrench double raquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U45DA 1 S t i l l s on Pipe wrench -25 and 25- inches 637D 1 Wrench double 083 5 and 1-inch riutsU43G 1 Wrench^ double Olaquo625 and 0laquo75-inch nutsfU43F
1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nutsU43^euro
(1) Disconnect hand brake pullrod and brake cylinder leyer connection
from brake cylinder lever and replace connection pin in end of pullrod
(2) Disconnect f loating lever connection from f loat ing lever and re shy
place connection pin in f loat ing lever connection 23176
- 6 0
Disconnect l i ve lever from f loat ing lever and replaco pin in l ive
lever
(4) Unbolt and remove cylinder lever fulcrumfrom center s i l l and re shy
place bolts in t h e i r respective holes in center s i l l and remove cylinder
lever from cylinder lever fulcrum
(5) Disconnect brake cylinder pushrod from cylinder lever and replace
connection pin in end of pushrod disconnect f loat ing lever from floating
lever fulcrum and replace pin in f loating levershy
(6) Unbolt and remove f loat ing lever fulcrum from under side of floor
p la te and replace bolts in fulcrum
(7) Disconnect union on cross pipe between cylinder and reservoir and
remove pipe
(8) Unbolt and remove brake cylinder from support and replace bolts
in support bull
bullbull(9) Disconnect pipes and e l l s from reservoir tha t connect with cross
pipe t o cylinder
(10) Unbolt t r i p l e valve from reservoir
(11) Unbolt and remove reservoir from supports replacing bol ts
(X2) Remove t r i p l e valve
(13) Unscrew pipe3A-
(14) Remove centrifugal d i r t col lector
(15) Remove elbow and pipe GA
(16) Unscrew pige AA from cut out cock and remove self-locking cutshy
out cock No 2135 vith upper pipe AA from 125 t e o
(17) Remove upper pipe AA from cut out cock
23176
(18) Remove V bolt in end s i l l and unccrew self~lockng nngle cck
No 22413
(19) Unscrew pipe R from coupling leaving coupling en pipe SMlaquo
(20) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe S from 125 e l l and leave
e l l on pipe T
(21) Remove pipe T11 from 125 ampee and leave tee on pipe U
(22) Unscrew pipe U from e l l and leave e l l on pipeVi4
(23) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe W from elbregw and leave
elbow on pipe X
(24) Unscrew pipe nX with drain cock from pipe HZ
Note- If i t i s desired to disassemble the complete a i r brake equipment
on mount repeat the above operation for disassembling the mechaniftzft under
the other end of the mount
(b) To Disassemble-land Assemble Handbrakes Refer to Plate XIX and XX-
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0625 and 0raquo7pound-inch nutsU43F
(1) Disconnect handbrake pul l rod from cylinder lever qt3 replace
connection pin in end of rod
(2) Remove handbrake sheave from handbrake pul l rod take chain from
around sheave and fasten sheave back in rod jaws with p in
(3) Unbolt and remove pu l l rod hanger and replace bolts in hanger
(4) Remove pul l rod
(5) Disconnect handbrake chain from brake mast step and brake mast
23176
-62shy
(6) Unbolt and remove brake mast step and replace bolts on mast s t e p p pR b(7(7)) Remove brake mast with handwheel and ratchet attached
c) gtv To Assemble Air Brake Refer to Plates XIX and XX
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 75 gad 1-inch U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch l)47DA 1 St i l l son Pipe Wrench 25 to 25 inches 637D 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075-inch nuts U43F 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1-inch nuts U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined in Section H division ( a )
(d) To clean and Oil Brake Cylinder Refer to p la te XXIX
Two men required
Tools needed
1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 625 and 0875-inch nuts U153E 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U47DA
(1) Disconnect pushrod from cylinder l ever
(2) Remove bolts connecting cylinder to brake cylinder brake and re shy
move pipes connecting cylinder to rese rvo i r
(3) Remove piston head
(4) With kerosene o i l thoroughly clean and remove a l l pa r t i c l es of
sand and g r i t from piston piston r ing and inside of cyl inder
(5) Oil piston lea ther in pis ton with heavy o i l or l igh t grease
(6) Put piston back in cylinder and replace whole on c a r
(9) To clean and o i l t r i p l e valvo K--2 Refer to Pla te XXXIII
Two men required
Tools needed 23176
O
l bull
1 Stillson Pipe Wrench 25 to- 2 5~inchesf 637D i Hamroerj U48F 1-7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Wrench double laquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inchj U47DA 1 Wrench double raquo375 and 5-inch nuts U153B
(1) Disconnect branch pipe union and remove branch pipe from tr iple valve
(2) Dplusmnggt$ pinealtriple valve f roiaauxiliary valvalaquo
(3) Unscrev union nut 17 and remove strainer 16 bull
(4) Unscrev graduating stem nut 20 and remove graduating spring 22raquo
(5) Remove nut from bolts 24 and take off cylinder cap 19 and- cylinder
cap gasket 23
(6) Withdraw piston and slide valve from casing
(7) Remove cap screws 25 and take off check valve case 13 and emergency
valve 9
(8) Remove piston 8laquo
(9) Remove emergency valve 10 and check valve 15raquo
(10) Unscrev retarding device 29 and remove retarding spring 33 and
stem 31bull
(11) Clean a l l parts thoroughly with kerosene oilraquo Using oil sparingly
oil t r iple piston and surface between slide valve and slide valve seat Also
surface between graduating valve and slide valve
(12) Assemble by reversing procedures as outlined above and replace
t r ip le valve in position
(f) To Clean Centrifugal Dirt Collector Refer to Plate XXXI
One man required
Tools needed None
( l) Open cock at bottom of collector until a l l particles of sand
dir t and water are blovn out
23176
-64shy
(g) To Take Up Shoo Wear
Oncopy man required
Tools needed
1 P l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch b a r
(1) Release brakes both hand and air
(2) Disconnect front t ruck lever from dead lever bracket move front
t ruck lever out un t i l the rear t ruck lever wi l l not go back to less than
15-inchear from the t ruck bo ls te r and remake connection in proper hole in
dead lever bracket
(3) If necessary the shoes can be set up t i gh t e r by moving the front
t ruck lever to the end holes Of the bottom connection rod
(m) To Replace Brake Shoes Refer to Plate XXXII
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U47AM 1 Pinch Bar
(1) Release brakes both hand and a i r -
(2) Withdraw brake shoe keys take out worn shoes and replace with
new ones
SECTIOIj I shy CARE OF JACKS
(a) To Disassemble screw jacks Refer to Plate XXV
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch 1 Wrench double1 Wrench double^
125 and 15 U43G 0625 and 075 U43F
23176
-65shy
(1) Unscrew lower jack pinion stud nut and remove ratchet and pawl
with housing bull
(2) Remove upper jack pinion stud nut and take out jack pinion stud
with jack pinion attached
(3) Remove jack screw nut and let jack and ram rest against guide
(4) Take washers and screw gear off of screw
(5) Remove stop from ram and guide from base plate
(6) Remove screw and ram
Note- In order to remove screw and ram i t is necessary to run the mount
over a pi t or dig a hole in the ground
(b) To Assemble screw jacks reverse the operations outlined above for
disassembling
(c) Care and Oilijig of Jaciss
The jacks should be lubricated frequently To do ifcis a steel
compression grease cup is screwed into the stop on the ram This cup should
nevor be without grease in i t The jack levers should be removed and placshy
ed in some convenient place on the platform
(d) Care of Auxiliary Jacks
When not in use the auxiliary jacks should be placed under the
ammunition table The bearings of the jack should be kept well oiled and the
main lifting screw and the teeth of the gears should be lubrioated vith
heavy grease when necessary to make jacks work easily
PART I I I
SECTION A PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED BEFORE FIRING
(a) This carriage is designed to be fired from 20 to 60 degrees elevashy
tion do not fire it below 20 degrees
23176
-66shy
(b) Fold up platform at breech of Howitzer
(c) Take reading at liquid pressure gauge this reading should be 1700
pounds per squre inch a small amount of liquid will leak out each round
and is replaced by means of the pump
(d) Take reading^at air pressure gauge this reading should be 1550
pounds per square inch
(e) The distance the recuperator piston rod moves indicates liquid leakshy
ing at the packing and the rod should never be allowed to stand out past
the gland more than 5laquo875 inches
(f) Traverse gun through entire allowed movement to nampke sure that all
parts work freely
(g) Elevate Howitzer through entire range of elevation to see that all
parts work freely
(h) Make sure that a l l nuts tap bolts and screws on elevating mechanism
traversing mechanism panoramic sight and elevation quadrant are set up
properly
(i) Make an inspection of recoil and counter recoil systems to see
thqfc they are properly assembled especially after the Howitzer has been
dismounted from the oradle
(k) See that the outriggers are set securely
(l) See that the underframing of the mount has a uniform bearing on
the ground platform
(m) Make sure that the recoil cylinder is properly fi l led
(n) All brakes should be released
23176
-67shy
TOBE_OBSERVED BEFORE TRAVELLING
(a) see that a l l equipment to be carried on the mount is properly
Secured and that none of i t projects out past the clearance l ine
(b) Depress gun to 0 degree elevation and traverse i t to 0 degrees
azimuth and fasten gun with travelling lock
(c) Remove panoramic telescope place i t in carrying case and store
in secure place
(d) An inspection should be n^de of journal boxes to see that they
are properly packed and that the bearings have not worn down too much
(e) An inspection should be made also of the brake shoes and mechshy
anism If there is too much play between the brake shoes and wheels
the wear should be taken up in the brake mechanism or the brake shoes
replaced with1 nev ones
(f) Be sure that the complete set of tools areoOn hand
(g) See that buffers and couplings are in proper working condition
PART V
TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF 12-INCH HOWITZER RAILWAY MOUNT MODEL OF 1918
Length of reco i l normal 36 max 375
Angle of Elevation ( f i r i n g 4 2 0 to46O o
ti laquo Depression - 5 loading
it laquo t raverse 360deg
Weight of recoi l ing pa r t s (empty) - 49188
n t ipping 64533(Loaded 65333)
Weight of Car including base p la te 102880
Length over draft Gear - 42 f t 2 i n approx
Total weight of trucks (two) 30000 l b s
-68shy
Type of trucks 6-wheel - 55 x 10 journals
Diameter of vheels 28 in
Weight of t ravers ing parts with gun (Empty) 92353
Total weight on t rack - 19 5 243 bull
Weight of gun including recoi l band amp breech mech bull 47f239
Muzzle Velocity 1950 f s
Range 21600 yds (Approx)
Wt Pro jec t i l e 700 l b s
Wt Povder 95
Chamber pressure 37000 l b s
Muzzle energy 18474 f t tons
Total rod pul l a t 60deg - 348766 l b s
per qxle a t t rack (front) 35931 l b s
laquo n ti ti ( rea r ) 29150 M
23176
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Gaylord Bros Makers
Syracuse N Y PAT JAN 21 1908
TABLE 0 CONTENTS
FART 1
1 2 H o w i t z e r R a i l w a y M o u n t M o d e l o f 1 9 1 8
S e c t i o n A - G e n e r a l D e s c r i p t i o n bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo raquo bull bull raquo
( a ) D e s c r i p t i o n laquo laquo laquo bull bull bull
( b ) O p e r a t i o n bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull laquo bull
S e c t i o n B - R e c o i l M e c h a n i s m laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n C - R e c u p e r a t o r a n d L i q u i d P u m p laquo bull laquo bull bull laquo bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n D - E l e v a t i n g M e c h a n i s m bull bull bull bull laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n E - T r a v e r s i n g M e c h a n i s m bull bull bull laquo bull raquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo
S e c t i o n F - A n t i - F r i c t i o n D e v i c e bull bull bull bull bull laquo bull raquo laquo bull bull bull bull laquo bull bull
S e c t i o n G - A s i m u n i t i o n C r a n e bull bull raquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo bull lt bull
S e c t i o n H - C a r p r o p e r bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull
S e c t i d n HI - T r u c k s laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo laquo
S e c t i o n J - B r a k e s bull raquo raquo bull bull bull bull raquo laquo bull laquo laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo
S e d t i o n K - D r a f t G e a r a n d F r e n c h C o u p l e r laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
( a ) D r a f t g e a r bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
( b ) T o c o u p l e t h e c a r laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo bull bull bull bull laquo laquo bull
( c ) T o u n c o u p l e t h e c a r bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
( d ) F r e n c h c o u p l e r bull raquo raquo bull bull laquo bull raquo bull
( e ) T o c o u p l e t h e c a r raquo laquo bull bull bull bull laquo laquo bull bull bull bull
( f ) T o u n c o u p l e t h e c a r raquo laquo v laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo
S e c t i o n L - J a c k s bull bull bull laquo raquo bull bull raquo bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull laquo
( a ) T o r a i s e c a r v i t h s c r e w j a c k s bull laquo bull bull bull bull raquo bull
( b ) T o l o w e r c a r ^ i t h s c r e w j a c k s bull | bull bull bull bull laquo bull bull laquo raquo raquo
S e c t i o n M - F o u n d a t i o n bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull - raquo bull bull laquo bull bull bull bull
2 3 1 7 6
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( a ) T o p l a c e f o u n d a t i o n f o r t r a v e l i n g bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull
(b) To d i s a s s e m b l e f o u n d a t i o n and load f o r firing
3~oioa E ~ O u t r i g g e r s raquo bull lt bull laquo laquo laquo lt bull bull bull laquo bull bull
(a) T o pl a c e end outrigger f o r f i r i n g laquo laquo laquo
(b) T o plcoe side outrigger for firing-o bull
(c) To adjust f c r s w on outriggerraquo o laquo lt gt bull
(d) To aija^t f l o a t s bull laquo laquo laquo raquo laquo raquo
( e ) T o p l r o e e n d o u t r i g g e r s t r u t f o r c a r r y i n g
(j ) T o gpound-e s i d e o u t r i g g e r s t r u t f o r c a r r y i n g bull raquo bull bull bull bull
( g T o p l a c e f l o a t s a n d f o o t p l a t e s f - o r c a r r j ^ i n g bull bull bull raquo bull
S e c t i o n 0 - AjT jUi ro tdon R a n d J i n g - c laquo bull c gt bull
S e c t i o n P - M u s z i e S u p p e r I laquo bull laquo 4 laquo
(fvx) D e s c r i p t i o n bull bull bull laquo laquo
( b ) T o P l a c e M u z a l e S u p p o r t raquo
S e c t i o n Q -bull C h e s t s I
S e c t i o n R - C a m o u f l a g e bull bull bull laquo raquo
( a ) D e s c r i p t i o n bull bull raquo raquo bull raquo bull bull bull
( b ) P a i n t s bull
( c ) T o A p p l y t h e P a i n t
( d ) T o R e m o v e t h e P a i n t bull
P A R T I I
I n s p e c t i o n a n d M a i n t e n a n c e o f M o u n t laquo bull bull
S e c t i o n A - C a r e o f r e c o i l m e c h a n i s m raquo bull bull bull bull raquo bull
(a) In General bull
(b) To Dismount recoil mechanism
(c) To assemble recoil mechanism bull laquo laquo raquo
(d) To Fill Recoil mechanism
13176
3 a
( e ) T o p a c k s t u f f i n g b o x raquo laquo bull bull bull
( f ) To c l e a n r e c o i l c y l i n d e r bull bull
SECTION B - 0 a t e of R e c u p e r a t o r gt
( a ) i n G e n e r a l bull
( b ) T o d i s m o u n t r e c u p e r a t o r raquo bull laquo bull bull bull laquo bull bull bull
( c ) To a s s e m b l e r e c u p e r a t o r laquo laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull
(d) To fill recuperator raquo bull laquo bull
(e) To pack stuffing box laquo
(f) To clean recuperator cylinder and plunger bull bull bull bull bull
23176
3 b
SECTION C - C a r e of e l e v a t i n g m e c h a n i s m
P a g e
( a ) T o d i s m o u n t e l e v a t i n g m e c h a n i s m
( b ) To a s s e m b l e e l e v a t i n g m e c h a n i s m
SECTION D - C a r e of t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m
( a ) To d i s m o u n t t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m bull laquo bull laquo bull
( b ) To a s s e m b l e t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m
S e c t i o n E - C a r e of a n t i - f r i c t i o n D e v i c e laquo
( a ) To d i s m o u n t a n t i - f r i c t i o n d e v i c e bull bull bull
( b ) To a s s e m b l e a n t i - f r i c t i o n d e v i c e bull raquo laquo
S e c t i o n F shy C a r e of A m m u n i t i o n C r a n e lt
( a ) To d i s m o u n t a m m u n i t i o n c r a n e
( b ) To a s s e m b l e a m m u n i t i o n c r a n e
S e c t i o n G - C a r e of t r u c k s
( a ) To r e m o v e t r u c k s raquo
( b ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a n d a s s e m b l e t r u c k s bull bull bull bull raquo
( c ) To p a c k j o u r n a l b o x e s
( d ) To r e p l a c e j o u r n a l b e a r i n g s bull raquo bull
( e ) To p l a c e t r u c k s u n d e r c a r
S e c t i o n H - C a r e of B r a k e s raquo bull bull bull
( a ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a i r b r a k e
( b ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a n d a s s e m b l e h a n d b r a k e a
( c ) T O a s s e m b l e a i r b r a k e raquo bull bull
(d) To clean and o i l brake cy l inde r
(e) To clean and oil triple valve
(f ) To clean centrifugal dirt collector
23176
Page
( g ) To t a k o up shoe wear bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull bull bull lt
( h ) To r e p l a c e b r a k e s h o e s bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n I - Care of j a c k s bull bull raquo bull bull bull raquo bull raquo laquo bull bull
( a ) To d i s a s s e m b l e s c r e w j a c k s laquo
( b ) To a s s e m b l e s c r e w j a c k s laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull gt bull bull bull bull
( c ) Care and o i l i n g of s c r ew j a c k s bull bull
( d ) Care of a u x i l i a r y j a c k s laquo bull bull bull
PART I I I
S e c t i o n A - P r e c a u t i o n s t o b e obse rved b e f o r e f i r i n g bull bull bull
S e c t i o n B - P r e c a u t i o n s t o be obse rved b e f o r e t r a v e l l i n g bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n C - L i s t of g r e a s e cups and handy o i l e r s laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
PART IV - L i s t of P a r t s
PART V - T a b l e of Weights and Dimens ions
PART VI - L i s t of T o t a l Equipment
13175
~5 shy
List of Plates _
I - 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Right Side Elevation
II bull 12-inch Howitzer Rarilwey Mouvjt Left Side Elevation ltraquo
I I I 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Longitudinal Section
IV 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Plan View
Vlaquo 12-indc1 Howitzer Railway Mount Ftfoi-it Viev
VI 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Rear View
VII Recoil Cylinder Assembly
VIII Recuperator Assemblybull
IX Liquid Pump and Piping Arrangement
Xlaquo Liquid Pump Assembly
XIraquo Elevating Assembly
XII Foot lever Assembly
XIII Traversing Assembly
XIV Anti-frriction Device Assembly
XV Loading Assemblyraquo
XVI platform^Assembly Right Side
XVII Platform Assembly Left Side
XVIII Frame Assembly
XIX Air Brake Assembly Front
XE Air Brake Assembly Rear
XXI Lever Assembly Plan View
XXIIbull Lever Assembly Side View
XXIII Outrigger Assembly
YYIV Foundation Assembly
XXV Jack Assembly
23176--
- 6 shy
XXVI Equipment Assemblylaquo
XXVII Ammunition Crane Assembler
XXVIII Weight distribution diagram
XXIX Air Brake Cylinder Type D 10X12
XXX jampuailiary reservoir Type D
XXXI Centrifugal dirt collector
XXXII Truck Assembly
XXXIII Triple Valve K-2
XXXIVD Camcu Isgeraquo
XXXVC Car frame French couplers
XXXVIe Buffer Assembly
XXXVII Draft Gear Assembly
2317$
_^2-Jampich Bovitzer_R^
_Model of 1918
Section A - General Description
(a) Descript ionlaquo
Refer to plates I II III IV V and VI
for l i s t of pgta-ts with their piece mrks and the material of which they
are made see page
The mount is designed to permit the Howitzer to be traversed
through 360 degreoSy elevated from minus 5 to plus 60 degrees and fired
from 20 to 60 degrees
The principal parts of the mount are the base plate which is
a part of the car proper racer distance ring and traversing rcopyllers side
frames cradle recoil system recuperator system traversing and elevating
mechanisms elevation quadrant panoramic sight loading tray loading
and working platforms and car proper including body trucks brakes and
couplers together with outriggers floats jacks and foundation details
The base plate is a one piece casting used as the center secshy
tion of the car proper and bolted to the car frame on each end The
lower roller path is machined on the upper side and a pintle surface is
machined on the outer side of the vertical annular flange on the inner
side of this flange the traversing rack is bolted
The racer is cast in one piece and has i ts lover surface machshy
ined forming the upper roller path corresponding to the lower roller
path on the base plate The inner vertical surface is machined to form
the female part of the pintle The outer vertical surface is machined and
graduations are engraved forming an azimuth circle
23175
There are 640 divisions of 10 mils each the 0 graduation
being on the left side of the racer 45 degrees left of gear- Ihe
aximuth pointer is of gernian silver graduated from 0 to 10 mils and is
fastened to a builb up bracket bolted to the base plate Five clips
engaging the under side of the base plate flange and boltedto the
racer prevent any relative vertical movement o the racer with the base
plate Dust guards are bolted to the ou-ter surface of the racer preshy
venting dust and dirt from entering the traversing roller system and
pintle bearing
The traversing roller system consists of forty conical rollers t
held in a radial position by the distance ring1 and kept concentric with
the pintle by flanges on the inner edges of the rollers in contact vith
the inner edge of the roller path on the base ring Handy oilers are
located on the outsdde Vertical surface of tlje racer vith oil tubes
leading to continuous oil gutters cut in the distance ring for the disshy
tribution of oil to the rollers
The side frames are bolted to tkcopy upper surface of the racer
and held together by the front and rear transom this unit supports
the tipping parts of the mount
The cradle supported in the side frames by its trunnions
serves as a slide way for the hbvitzer when recoiling and carries the
recoil and recuperator systems bull The loading platform of structural
steel extends to the rear of the mount and is held in place by supports
fastened to the rear transom and side frames Tne platform is constructshy
ed with an opening in the center for the howitzer to recoil through
This opening is covered by a folding platform iji two sections connected
23176
mdash9mdash
together and to the loading plajtfora by hinges This platform is down
vu loading and folded back vhen firing On the right side of the
mount is the elevating platform which is folded in vhen traveling A
loading tray built up of structural steel is bolted to the goading platshy
form and is constructed to carry three projectiles at a tims Cranes
on the rear of the loading platform hoist the projectiles from the amshy
munition table on the car floor tothe loading tray i| shell trough placshy
ed in the breech of the Howitzer and resting on the loading tray is usdd
to slide the projectile and powder into the Howitzer The car has a cast
steel center vhlch serves as a base plate and roller path for the travershy
sing parts of the mount and structural steel ends all mounted on standard
six wheel trucks The car servesas a firing platform and transport
vehicle vihen in transport the entireweight rests upon the trucks in the
ordinary way but in firing the car is raised by jacks beams and cross-
t ies then placed underneath and the car lowered thereon relieving the
weight from the trucks The outriggers are then set out against the woodshy
en floats backed by the earth to resist the recoil when the howitzer is
fired
An ammunition trough and table are located on the car floor
and ammunition is brought from the ammunition car to the trough and slid
down to the table which holds seven projectiles
The recoil mechanism recuperator elevating and traversing
bullmechanism anti-friction device crane jacks outriggers trucks car
proper air brakes draft gear and ammunition table will each be desshy
cribed in detail later
2317
-10shy
(b) Operation
The piece i s la id in azimuth by the combined usec of the
panoramic sight or azimuth c i r c l e and the t raversing mechanism Elevashy
t ion is obtained by se t t ing the quadrant at the elevation required and
rota t ing the piece in elevation by the elevating mechanism
Upon f i r ing the Howitzer recoi ls in the cradle a maximum
distance of 375 inches carrying with i t the recoi l band and piston
pul l rods and plunger of the recuperator The energy of recoi l of the
howitzer is absorbedby the resistance which the f lu id in the hydraulic
cylinders offers in being forced through the openings past the pistonslaquo
A portion of the energy of recoi l suff icient to return the howitzer into
ba t t e ry i s absorbed by compressing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder
The return of the piece into bat tery is eased by bullbull-he action of the counter
reco i l buffers which force the f lu id from the cylinder heads through
the small clearance past the cylinder head bushings
SECTION B - RECOIL MECHANirM
Refer to Plate VII
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material
of which they are made see page
The recoi l system operates on th3vpoundrincipal of the hydraulic
brake and is designed to l imit the distance aid regulate the velocity
with which the howitzer moves to the rear when fired
A small portion of the reco i l energy is taken up by compressshy
ing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder but he greater portion is taken
up by tho resis tance the l iquid in the reco i l cylinder offers to being
forced through the or i f ices formed b the t h r o t t l i n g grooves The width
-11shy
of these grooves is uniform but the depth is proportioned so that ths
areas of the orifices varying with the position of the piston during
recoil will be such as to give with the air in the recuperator a conshy
stant resistance throughout the length of recoilbull
In front of the piston the piston rod is extended to form a
buffer This buffer is flatted so thqt the escape of liquid during
counter-recoil through the varying clearances between this and the reshy
coil cylinder head bushing will offer auch resistance as will control
the motion of the howitzer during its return to battery linen the fceccil
piston is in normal recoil position the end of the buffer is back in the
cylinder a distance about 17raquo375 inches from the cylinder head bushing
As the recoil piston travels towards the cylinder head during counter
recoil i t pushes some of the liquid ahead of it into th4 cylinder head
and Tahen the buffer reaches and begins to enter the cylinder head bushshy
ing the cylinder head is filled with the liquid
The recoil mechanism consists of two cylinders fitted in and
locked to cylindrical bosses on the under side of cradle by special nutsshy
Each is closed at the front end by a cylinder head and at the rear end by
a stuffing box The throttling grooves above referred to are three in
number symmetrically located with respect to the longitudinal axis of
the cylinder The piston rod projects through the rear of the cylinder
and is held in the recoil band by two nutsraquo The rear nut should be screwed
up lightly to allow the piston rod to adjust itself in the recoil band
When the piece is fired the piston and piston rod move to the rear with
the recoil band which is attached to the howitzer while the cylinders reshy
main stationary in the cradle A stuffing box with packing and follower
is used to make a tight joint between the piston rod and rear end of cylrU
in front of the stuffing box there is a leather washer which
prevents the l iquid in the cylinder from leaking through the threads
of the stuffing box and also during recoi l keeps the pressure of the
l iqu id from act ing d i rec t ly on the packing in the stuffing box The
cylinder head i s screwed into the front end of the recc i l cyl inder A
bushing i s screwed into the opening of the head to insure proper c learshy
ance for the buffer A tongue and groove with a lea ther washer makes a
t i gh t ftoint between the eylinder and head
_SfiCTION C - RECUPERATOR
Refer t o Plates VIII IX and X
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The recuperator consists of an a i r chanibrer a piston and i t s
packings a plunger and i t s yoke and pu l l rods The pietcn and plunger
s l i de in the cyl indr ica l part of the a i r chamberbull The pis-son rod has a
bearing in the front end of the plunger At t h i s end of th plunger a
yoke connects i t with the pu l l rods which in turn are fastened in the
front by a bracket and in the rear direct t o the reco i l band
The a i r chamber consis ts of a hollow cyl indr ica l forging open
in the front and closed in the rear The cy l indr ica l part in front in
wnich the piston and plunger moveS| i s f i t t e d with a lining of special
watert ight bronze The plunger i s of tfye same material as the l i ne r and
i s machined t o take the piston rod l iquidf and s tuff ing box The plunger
screwed to the yoke and secured by set scraws i s driven at recoi l by the
two pu l l rods which are fastened to the r s co i l band and t r ave l with i t
pu l l rodShave bearings in bushings fixed in lugs on the c rad le 1h3
2 7
-13shy
joint between the plunger and the liner is made tight by a leather
packing held in place by a stuffing box Flax packing held in the stuffshy
ing box by a gland makes the joint between the plunger and the stuffing
box tight A felt washer held by a steel ring and screwedvto the gland
prevents sand or grit from entering the plunger packings
The air chamber or recuperator cylinder plusmn3 locked in a cyshy
lindrical bO3s on the top part of the cradle by a cylinder clamp lock
Flattened places on the pull rod bushings matching up with similar ones
on the shoulder prevent the recuperator cylinder from rotating
The piston consists of a head of special watertight bronze
screwed on a steel rod Ihe front part of the rod is fitted with a bronze
casing and slides in a bearing in the plunge- Its threaded end beyond
the casing is fitted with a nut and washer limiting in the rear the disshy
placement of the piston with respect to the plunger Tallowed flax packshy
ing held by a bronze ring and piston washer held against this ring by
a follower make a tight joint between the piston and cylinder liner A
spring held in place by a nut pinned to the rod presses the f ollower
to the rear against the piston washer
The joint between the piston rod and plunger is similar to that
between the plunger and the cylinder liner
The space in front of the piston and in the plunger is filled with
a solution of glycerine and water the same as in the recoil cylinders
This liquid acts as a seal for the joint between the piston and the liner
and a stop between piston and plunger at counter-recoil
hi air valve body fitted with two needle valves one for filling
and one for emptying is screved in the rear end of the recuperator cylinlor
and connected by tubing to the air pipe connection on the cradle An cb- bull
-14shy
feube runs from this to the pressure gauge hi opening in th-e pipe
connection is used to attach the coiled tube when charging the cylinder
with a i r The opening is closed with a plug when not in use
At the front end of the recuperator cylinder a liquid valve
is bolted and connected by copper tubing to the liquid pipe connection
on the cradle Another tube runs from this to the pressure gauge and
a third to the liquid pump Liquid is poured into the pump through
the opening in the top and pumped through the tubing into the plunger
The liquid pump is fastened to a steel plate support to vhich
is also fastened the two pressure gauges This support is bolted to the
upper part of the cradle on the left sidebull
The pump consists of a pump case or reservoir for the solushy
tion of glycerine and water in the bottom of which is fixed the body
of the pump This contains the inlet valve the outlet valve and the
relief valve and the pump body nut A plunger operated by a lever crank
and link with bearings in the cover and body nut operate in the pump
body (see Plate X)
The relief valve screwed in the top of the pump body has a valve
stem relief spring and capraquo The relief spring is designed to allow the
liquid to blow off at from 2200 to 2500 lbs qpad insures no danampge to the
pump from excess back pressures This spring should never be tampered
with $e t- is adjusted by the manufacturer and tested to function at the
proper pressure If the liquid pump fails to function and there is
practically no resistance offered when the pump lever is operated it nhovs
that there is a back pressure of air in the mechanism To overcome this
disconnect the liquid pipe where i t joins the three way connoction on the
-15shy
of the cradle and operate the lever for a $ew strokes u n t i l l iquid
begins t o flow Reconnect the l iquid pipe to the three way connection
and pump l iquid into the recuperator plunger u n t i l the piston rod washer
just clears the rear gland
SECTION D - ELEVATING MECHANISM
Refer to Pirate XI and XJI
For l i s t of pstrts with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The elevating mechanism consis ts of an elevating rack attached
t o r ight side of the cradle meshing with a pinion which i s operated by
a handwheel through spur g e a r s The spur gearing is supported by the
gear p l a t e and side frame provided -with bronze bushings A band brake
with foot control i s provided to prevent any movement of t he t ipping par ts
when the gun i s f i r e d One turn of the handwheel clockwise elevates the
gun 192 degrees
Refer to Plate XXII
For l is t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page i
The t ravers ing mechanism consis ts of a c i rcular rack fastened to
the base ring and meshing with a pinion bullwhich 1s operated by a handwheel
through a worm and worm wheel The pinion meshing with the rack i s keyed
to the lower end of the v e r t i c a l t ravers ing shaft Tnis shafct has i t s
lower bearing in the t ravers ing shaft bracket ^jhich is bolted to the
racer and i t s upper bearing in the t ravers ing ^ear case which i~ bol-f-oa
t o the le f t side frame The worm whe 3i keyed so bhe upper end cf tho zy-ui
bull46shy
is in mesh with the worm which is keyed to the worm shaft The worn
shaft has both of i t s bearings in the gear case and a handwheel on one
end iThe worm wheel worm and worm shaft are inclosed in the gear case
1W gear case cover has a lug to take the leveling screw bearing pin of
the -sight
SECTION F r
Refer to Plate XXV
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The anti-friction device is designed to relieve the load of the
tipping parts from the main trunnion and ease the elevating and depressing
of the gun It donsists of tvo small trunnions bearing supports adjustshy
ing screws and Belleville springsraquo bull
The weight of the tipping partsr is supported on the small
trunnions and transmitted to the Belleville springs by the bearing supports
and seats The adjusting screvs are tightened up until the crdldle trun^ i
nions have a clearance in the s i i e frame bearings at a l l points This
makes the en t i re elevating load come on the small trunnions and reduces
the handwheel load When the Howitzer i s f i red the Bel lev i l le springs are
compressed and the f i r ing load comes on the side frame bearings
SECTION G - AMMUNITION CRANE f
Refer t o Plate XXVII
For l i s t of pa r t s with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they a r e made see page
Tvo ammunition cranes are bolted to the rear corners of tho
loading platform for use 3a hois t ing ammunition from the ground or amshy
munition t ab l e to the loading t ray bull 2 ampbullgt
For hpistang the 700-pound p ro jec t i l e the shot tongs should
be pdjined d i r e c t l y t o the open socket at the end of the wire-rope For
use with a heavier p ro j ec t i l e an extra sheave block vith a craaae hook
attached- i s provided The wire rope vith the open socket attached^ may
be passed through the blockj by removing one of the p la tes and pinning
t o the mast The shot tangs ^Should then be placed on the crane hook
These two arrangements are shown on p la te XXVII
A section through the drum gearing and f r ic t ion srafetyydevice^
i s shovai on p la te XXVII The cranks may be released with the load dji
any position^ and by v i r tue of the f r i c t i o n safety device the mechanism
wi l l not overhaul The pawl should at a l l times be lef t an mesh with the
ra tche t To insure proper functioning t h i s mechanism should be kept
well lubricated She cranks and the mechanism housed in the drum bracket
should- under no circumstances^ be dismantled in the f ield
l M CAR PROPERj
Refer to Plate XVIII
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Ihe car proper serves as a t ransport f or the travels ing par ts
of the mount outrigger f l o a t s foot p la tes and for the c ross t ies and
bu i l t up H-beams of the foundation platform Ihen lowered on the foundashy
t ion platform i t serves as an emplacement
The car proper consists of a drop frame type of bqdyj vith ends
b u i l t up of s t ruc tu ra l s t e e l p la tes and shapes vitha cast s t e e l center
mounted on tvo six-wheel railway trucks I t i s equipped with four screw
jacks which are used f i r s t t o ra i se the car suff ic ient ly t o allow ths
groundplatf orm to be placed in posit ion under i t and then t o lower uho
-18shy
car until i ts weight rests on the crossties and through them to the
built up H-beams which are spiked to the rail t i e s There are also ffi
outriggers which are set out against wooden floats sunkin pits and back-
ed by earth The outriggers serve to keep the mount stationary during
firing
The over-all dimensions of the car body ends which as stated
above are built up of structural steel shapes and plates are length
12 feet 75 inches width 8 feet 55 inches The underframe is comshy
posed of two center si l ls four intermediate s i l l s and four side siljs
connected to a base plate in the center of the car which forms the lower
level of the car body Ihese si l ls are tied together ^t each end by
channel and s i l l s and cross braced by a body bolster 5 feet 95 inches
from each end The floor plate covering the sil ls consists of four steel
platesbull A step and a hand hold or grab iron is provided at each corner
SECTION I - Trucks
Refer to Plate XXXII
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The trucks of which there are two are of built up type the
frame being made up of plates and steel castings The center portion of
the frame is a steel casting forming a bolster and is riveted to the side
pieces Separate MraquoCraquoBlaquo center plates are riveted to the top of the
bolsters- Side bearings consisting of steel plates held in position by
cast recesses are placed on 45-inch centers The vertical distance from
the side bearing surface to the center plate ie 275 inches Steel
ings are riveted to the side^plates which fern the pedestals
-19shy
Th e journals a re standard MCB amppound x 10 and 28-inch wheampls
of ro l l ed s t e e l are pressed on the a x l e s
The loading on the t rucks r s t ransmitted t o the journals by )
s emi -e l l i p t i c springs and equalizers The equalizers bear on the journal
boxes and t h e i r outer ends are supported by coi l springs held dn place by
the pedestal cast ings
Inside hung brakes are applied on four wheels of each truck
The brake beams are MCraquoB No 4 t russed type with shoes keyed to heads
The beams are hung from brackets cast on the t ruck frames Separate cast
s t e e l lugs are riveted on both sides of the bols ter for connecting the
dead lever guides on one side and the l ive lever guides on the1 other
J -VBRAKESJL
Refer to Plates XIX XX XXI XXII XXIX XXX XXXI XXXIII
For Lis t of pa r t s vith t h e i r piece narks and the materialsof
which they are rcade see page
The car i s equipped vith both hand and airbrakes operated by^the
same system of levers and so arranged tha t e i ther can be applied independshy
ently I t i s necessary to apply the handbrakes at each end separa te ly
The ai rbrakes are connected by the t r a i n l i n e pipe and operated simshy
ul taneous ly Detached brake cylinders and reservoi rs Westinghouse type
D 10 x 12 See p la tes XXIX and XXX) are provided with K-2 t r i p l e valves
(See p l a t e XXXIII)raquo There i s also a centr i fugal d i r t co l l ec to r (See p la te
XXXI) and the necessary pipes valves and connections for f re igh t car
equipment
P la tes XIX and XX show the arrangement of brake pa r t s a t e i ther
end of the mount From these pla tes i t w i l l be seen tha t the handbrakes
2317amp
-20shy
can be applied without disturbing the piston in the brake-cylindershy
the piston rod being made up of tubing in which the cylinder push rod
slides It will be further noted that the handbrake staff is connected
to a horizontal lever by means of a pull rod and chain The horizontal
lever is connected to the brake cylinder on one end andto the truck
live lever on the other end by means of rods and levers
The reservoirs are equipped with a valve operated by a rod
which can be pulled to release the air brakes quickly when desired
Ihe triple valve governs the flow of air allowing air to pass
from the train line into the reservoir and from the reservoir to the
cylinders liVhen pressure in the train line is reduced the triple valve
admits air from the reservoir into the cylinder and when pressure in the
train line is again raised the triple valve closes the passage of air
from the reservoir to the cylinder and at the same time allows the air
in the cylinder to escape into the atmosphere This automatically reshy
leases the brakes The reservoir is again recharged from the train line
to the required pressure These operations are effected by opening or
closing of ports in the triple valve by variations in the air pressure
A dirt collector located between the triple valve and the train
line collects dirt from the air before i t passes into the triple valve
The dirt thus collected may be blown out of the dirt collector by openshy
ing a valve at its bottom
_SEC_TION K - DRAFT GEAR AND FRTiNCH COUPLERS
(a) Draft Gear Refer t o p l a t e XXXVII
For l i s t of p a r t s vith t h e i r piece marks and the mater ia l of
which they are made see page bull
2317$
-21shy
The draft gear is known as the Westinghouse friction Type
The V-estinghouse friction parts are enclosed in a drum which is so applied
between cast steel draft lugs to receive the buffing and pulling shocks
The coupler is Gould Coupler Companys pattern Z-201
(b) To Couple the Car
One man-required Tools needed none Car pusher can be used if locomotive is not
available
(1) Set the handbrakes on car enough to keep-it from moving easily
when bumped
(2) Gpen the knuckle on car by lifting the handle of the uncoupling
lever This movement will f i r s t unlock the knuckle so i t can be pulled
open but continuing the movement of uncoupling lever will throw the
knuckle open without the necessity of going in front of or between the
cars When the knuckle of either car i s open i t is only necessary to
Erring the cars together until the open knuckle closes aftd i t will lcopyck
aut orcat ic al 1 y
(c) To uncouple car
(l) Raise the uncoupling lever on one car enough to release the
knuckle and the cars may be pulled apart
(d) French Coupler - Refer to Plates XXXV and XXXVI
For l i s t of parts wiflitheir piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page bull
The bumper blOGks are of white oak each secured to the end s i l l
channels by six 1-inch diameter and two 15-inch diameter bolts To
these blocks the buffers safety chains and parts of the draft hooks are
fastened as shovai on Plate XXXV
The screw couplers safety chains and buffers conform to the
standard now adopted for US Government freight cars in France With
t h i s arrangement and when the car i s connected to the ammunition car
or some other car the couplers draw them together producing compression
in the buffer spr ings
At each end of the car there are two different types of buffers
one with a f l a t buffing surface and the other with a curved surface
Similar buffers are located diagonally opposite on the car in order that
when the cars are coupled together the f l a t buffer of one car will butt
against the curved buffer of the next car This i s done to prevent
damage to buffers when t ra in is rounding a curve
The buffrer housing which contains the compression spring and
ac ts as a guide for the buffer i s bolted to the bumper block by four
bol ts bull A buffer p la te however i s placed between the buffer housing and
the bumper block to give a bet ter bearing surface The large end of the
spring referred to above res ts against a c i rcular p la te and the small end
against the buffer In order to prevent the spring from pushing these
tvo apart a 1875-inch diameter pin is provided which has a head at one
end amdl a t the other end a key projecting through the pin and a collarlaquo
The above mentioned c i rcular p la te se ts up into the buffer housing fqr
enough to allow clearance between the bumper block and the buffer plate
for the col lar and key but i t is prevented from being pushed back by a
cast s t ee l ring bolted to the buffer p l a t e
The draft hook projects through the bumper block end s i l l and
cast s t ee l draft spring stop to a cast s t ee l block which is held to i t by
a nut and s p l i t pin This l a t t e r block i s guided by lugs on the center
23175
sampll and takes the thrust of the compression spring which is seated
at i t s large end on tho draft spring stop rivetedto the center s i l l
of car The draft hook is also guided by another cast steel block restshy
ing against the1draft hook plate and bolted to a bumper block The
shoulders of the draft hook butt up- against this block when released
thus stopping i ts inward motion
The screw coupling is fastened by a pin vith cotter to a
hole in the draw hook It consists of the yoke attached to the draw
hook a clevis for hooking to the next car and a right and left hand
screw to draw the yokes and clevis togetherbull Attached to the middle
of the screw is an arm with a ball at the end which is used as a handle
to operate the screw The right hand threads on one side of this handle
screws through a pin holding the y6kes together The left hand threads
on the other side of the handle screw through a similar pin connected to
the clevis These pins are held in place by cotter pins A screv couplshy
ing is provided at each end of the car but when the train is made -up
only one coupling is used at each connection Mien not in use the loose
end of the coupling is swung on a hook attached to the draft hook plate
under the bumper blocks
Safety chains one on either side ox the draft hook serve as a
coupling in case the screw coupling or draw hooks are out of order These
consist each of a chain and hook fastened to car by an eye bolt The eye
bolt passes through the bumper block and end s i l l and are held in place
by nuts with a split pin To allow a l i t t l e give to the chain four spring
washers are inserted between the end s i l l channel and the nutraquo A cast
steel guide bolted to the bumper block acts as a stop and guide for the
23176
eye bolts and chain
(e) To Couple Cars Refer to Plate XXXVIlaquo
One man required Tools needed^ none
Car pusher can be us 3d if- locomotive is not available
(1) Set hand brako on stationary car (not completely but enough
so that car will move only slightlyif bumped) and bring the cars as
clc-Sff together as buffers will allow
(2) Stampndlig LeUveen cars inside of buffers l i f t one of the screw
couplings from the hook under bumper block and hook staple on draft hook
of other car (if the staple does not reach the hook the coupling will
have to be lengthened by turning the screw with handle)
(3) Tighten screw until there is just enough compression in the
draft hook and buffer springs to make cars ride easily The screw can
be turned easily by raising the ball attached to end of handle in the
proper direction until i t will fal l by i t s own weight thus completing
one turn By repeating above operations the required amount of turns
can be made
(4) Hook the safety chains of one car to the chains of the other
car (5) Connect a ir hose and open angle cock
(6) Release handbrake
(f) To Uncouple Cars
Reverse the process of coupling described above taking care
that the screw coupling is screwed a l l the way out before the staple is
hung on the hook
2317$
^ JL- JACKS
Refer to Platcopy XXV
(a) For l i s t 03 par ts vith t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Four bu i l t in jack screws are located in the corners of the
base p la te d i rec t ly above the r a i l s of a standard gauge t rack
Each jack consists of a ram screw nut r screw gear pinion
pinion stud ratchet pawl ratchet housing and lever
The rain carr ies a nut into which the screw works On the upper
end of the screw i s a screw gear meshing with a pinion on the pinion s tud
A ratchet meshing vith the pinion is turned by a ratchet pawl attached to
the ratchet housing which in turn i s bull operated by a long hand lever
There are two jack blocks 9 inches wide 8 inches high and 5
feet 6 inches long provided vith each ca r These blocks placed across
the r a i l s act as bearings for the jacksraquo In order to raise the car the
jack blocks are placed across the r a i l s so-that the two jackscrews at
each end wil l rest upon them
Four 20-inch 25-ton auxi l iary jacks having a t o t a l r i s e of 9
inches are carried on each railway car and weight-approximately 95 pounds
ea[ch They can be used for emergency purposes or in case the regular
jacks are out of ordershy
(b) To ra ise mount with screw jacks refer to plate XXV
Two men required on each set of jacks (four if both ends of car are to be raised)
Tools needed 4 Jack levers bull
2317 6
(1) Place jack blocks across rails under jacksf The faces
of the block with the bearing surfaces should be next to the rail and
jack screws
(2) Turn jack lever until ends of jack screw bear on the jack
blocking Be sure the jack blocking is correctly placed so as to give
good bearing- 011 rails and continue turning levers until car is high
enough to permit the foundation stringer to be placed under the base
plate then put isu the foundation cross beams
(c) To Lower Car Refer to plate XXV
Reverse procedure as outlined in (b) above
(d) To Raise mount with auxiliary jacks Refer to plate XXV
Two men required Tools needed
4 Auxiliary Jacks
4 Wood blocks about 4 x 4 x 4
(l) Arrange blocking directly under seats of t i e rod bracket
castings The top of this blocking should be about 9 inches below the top
of the rai l in order to get the jacks under the mount
(2) Place auxiliary jacks on these blocks arrange pawl so that
jack will raise when handle is lowered insert handle in socket and raise
by pumping until jack engages with lower surface of base plate Operate
jacks until mount is raised sufficient to place foundation
(3) Remove jacks after foundation is placed
jBCTION M - F0I3N DATION
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXIV
The foundation i s intended to take the load off the car
trucks and t ransfe r i t d i rec t ly to the ground through r a i l t i e s 23176
- 2 7 shy
I t i s nade up of four cross beams which support the side
intermediate and center s i l l s of the car and which in turn transmit the
to t-70 l inos of H-b earns placed para l le l to and outside of the r a i l s
on each side of the track Each l ine of beams is composed of two separate
channel irons bolted to each other and Spiked with screw spikes to the
r a i l t i e s in order to prevent movement
The material for the foundation platform is stored on car in
f rent of ammunition t r a y On the car the H-beams are placed at r ight angles
to the t r ack In tack of the beams the cross t ies are placed These beans
and cross t ies are blocked in front by the outrigger brackets in back by
the loading t rays and on the sides by the outriggers On top of the cross-
t i e s the jack blocks are placed These are held in place by fastening the
rope attached to them to the loading tray legs
(b) To place for f i r i n g - Refer to Pla te XXIV
men needed-
Tools required
3 - 2 x 4 timbers about 3 long for parrying H-b earns
1 - Wrench double 0625 and 0laquo75 U43F
The t rack at the location where the gun is to be placed should be
previously prepared The r a i l s should be leveled up and the ba l las t tamped
well under the t i e s
(1) Remove foundation jack block from car platform and place across
the r a i l s with center l ines d i rec t ly under the screw jacks
(2) Raise the car by means of the screw jacks (See Sect L Division
b
2317 6
-28shy
(3) Remove foundqtion stringers from car platform two to be
placed on either side of the track
(4) Place the stringers under the flange of the base plate as
near the rai l as possible and parallel to the track with the ends of the
stringers on either side of the track approximately opposite each other
(5) Connect the stringers at the center by four 75 x 1375
bolts bull
(6) Remove the cross beans from the car platform
(7) Flace the cross beams under the side sillsr of the car restshy
ing on the foundation stringere
(8) Lower the car by means of the screw jacks until the center
portion of the base plaite rests on the foundation stringers and the ends
of the side intermediate and center s i l ls rest on the cross beams
(9) Screw up jacks until they clear blocking by at least one half
inch before firing
(c) To Disassemble foundation and load for carrying
8 men required Tools neededs
1 wrench double raquo625 and 75 U43F 2 Track wrenches 4712C 1 Crowbar 1243A
To disassemble reverse procedure outlined in (b) above
To load the material on car platforms for carrying proceed as follows
(1) Place crossties on car platform against ammunition tablet
The ends of the crossties should be perpendicular to the tracks
(2) Place H~beams with webs vertical next to crossties
(3) Place jack blocks on crossties and lash to legs of ammunition
table 23170
SECTION N - OUTRIGGERS
( a ) Description Refer to Plate XXIIIbull
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the mat copyrial of
which they are made see page
There are eight outriggers furnished with e^ch mount which
form braces to prevent the mount from tipping over or from sl iding on
the foundation -platform when the gun isrbeing f i r ed
The four end outriggers which are fastened both when and
when not in use to a socket on the side of the car should be used ^ien
the gun i s f ired vith in the sector 45 degrees to the r ight or to the
l e f t of the longitudinal center l ine of the car They are each rnade up
of 6-inch hot drawn Shelby s tee l tubing vith an adjusting scifcew on one
end and an eye and pin on the other The adjusting screw has a ba l l on
the end and can be screved in or out of the nut s t ru t end with a s tee l
rod which f i t s into holes provided next t o the b a l l The fixed end of
the outrigger res ts in asocket casting on the car side and the ball of
the adjusting screwscrests in the foot p la te used to d i s t r ibu te the load
over the wooden f l o a t From the nut s t ru t end to a bracket on the car
d i rec t ly below the outrigger bracket is a t i e rod As the center l ine of
the outrigger s t ru t does not pass through the trunnions of the gun there
i s an overturning tendency when the gun is f i red normal to track The
purpose of the t i e rod i s to counteract t h i s tendency
The four side outriggers which are also fastened to a socket
on the side of the car should be used when the gun is f i red within the
sec tor 45 degrees to the r ight or l e f t of a cross center l ine of the ca r
23176
They ar4 the same in every respect as the end outriggers
The footplates are of cast steel and are used to transmit the
thrust from the struts to the f loats Their lower surfaces are smooth
and the upper parts have sockets to receive the ball ends of the struts
Each float is built up of two layers of Mocking so as to disshy
tribute the ioad from the strut over 20 square feet of ground surface
The lower layer is composed of fine white oak blocks and the upper layer
of three blocks a l l bolted togetlis3raquo There are two angle guides bolted
to the upper surface of the floats for guiding the foot plates
Mien not in use the floats and footplates are placed on the
car platform The floats are piled in an inclined position against the
ammunition trough in the rear of the car The footplates are piled on
the front platform of the car qgnd lean against the ammunition table
The float lashingi for holding the floats in position (See
Plate XXVl) while in transit is composed of five wire ropes fastened toshy
gether by steel rings and turnbuckles When the floats are loaded in
traveling position two of the wire ropes held together by a turnbuckle
are passed around the lower part of the floats and secured to the amshy
munition table by steel rings At the upper part of the float two more
wire ropes are passed around also held together by turnbuckles and seshy
cured to the ananunition table by steel rings The upper lashing is held
in place by the angles on the sides and by another wire rope in the rear
fastened to the platform Turning the turnbuckles tightens the ropes and
holds the floats in place
The footplate lashing for holding the foot plates in position
vhile in transit is composed Of one wire rope with a hook on one end and
23176
- 3 1 shy
a tumbuckle on the other Illhen the pla tes are loaded in traveling posishy
t ion the rope i s fastened to the lower angle of the ammunition tab le and
run diagonally along the foot p la tes from the bottom rear to tfre top front
Ihey are prevented from sl iding forward by an-angle at the f ron t Turning
the turnbuckle t ightens the rope and holds the pla tes in p lace
The s t ru t s and end t i e rods are fixed permanently to the sockets
on the mount and vdien not in use are swung around and hung on the side of
the mount bull The center t i e rods are taken off and placed on top of the
loading platform in back of the front ammunition t a b l e
(b) To Place an End Outrigger for F i r ing
Six men required
Tools needed 2 - 2raquo x 6 inch boards 8 f t long 1 - s l ing of rope about 30 f t long 2 - Shovels 8819A 2 - Picks U51A 1 - Long handled shovel 1 - Axe U51D 1 - 0875 diameter x 24 rod to turn s t r u t adjusting screwshy1 - Crowbar 1243A 1 - Hammer U48F 1 - 2 x 4 timber about 5 long f^rtftatepiftg earth 1 - Rule 1 - Tape measure 4 - Stakes
1 - 1 x 2 board exactly 90 inches long
(1) Move t i e if necessary and lay off oblong on ground 60 x 35
so that one corner of the long side is 56 from center of mount and 28
from center l i ne of trucks and the other corner will be 108 from center
l i ne of mount and 68 from center l ine of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pplusmnb u n t i l sides meet at a depth of 90 from top
of car platform
23176
(3) Loosen up turn bustle of footplate lashing^ and remove a l l foot
plates from platform and place them on ground in a convenient place
(-) Uohooi float lashing and throw to one side away from f loats
Fasten sling around upper f loat Slide i t dovn skids to ground and place
i t in p i t with i t s under surface resting on rear or sloping part of pi t
and with angles s t i l l horizontal
(5) Place a foot plate vdth i t s under surface bearing in the center
and between angles on the f loa t
(D) Lift outrigger strut out of carrying bracket and swing i t arround
on the socket casting and turn adjusting screw up in the strut so as to
isike i t as short as possible If i t is difficult to turn the adjusting
screw the 875 inch diameter rod should be used which f i t s in the holes
next to the ball-end Swing end of outrigger around until the ball is
right over socket of foot plate and turn adjusting screw out until the ball
bears against socket and causes compression in the strut
(7) Remove t i e roduf rom car and fasten to strutbull Turn the tumshy
buckle until rod is t igh t
(8) Pile earth against the part of under surface of float which
projects above the ground level tamping well to give a good bearing for
the whole under surface of float
(c) To Place a side Outrigger for Firing Refer to Plate XXIII
Six men required
Tools needed Same as for (b) above
( l ) Lay off oblong on ground 60 x 55^ so that one oorner of the
long side is IQOfl from center line of mount and 128 back from center line
23176
- 3 3 shy
of trucks and the other end Ls 155 from center line of mount and 128
back from center line of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pit until sides meet in the center of the pit at
a distance of 90 from the top of car platform
(3) Place floats and foot plates in the same manner as for end outshy
riggers
(4) Swing outrigger from mount and turn adjusting screw out until
the ball end bears against sOcket and causes compression in the strut
(5) Remove center t ie rods from car platform and connect to t ie rod
studs ^lowing rod to drop down to lugs on lower part of outrigger beam
and adjust turnbuckle until pin can be inserted in the holes in lugs
(6) Pile earth agpoundpoundnst part of under surface of float which projects
above the ground levellaquo tamping well to give a good bearing for the vhole
surface of floatbull
(7) Remove remaining floats if there are any from end car platshy
form and place them in a convenient place out of the my
(d) Tos Adjust Screw on Outriggers Refer to Plate XXIII
Qne man required
Tools needed
bull875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B
After the gun has been fired i t may be |ound that the outriggers
have packed the earth under the float and that the struts do not bear
firmly against the foot plates After every firing the adjusting screws
should be turned out if necessary in ordefr to make firm bearing As
stated above the adjusting screw should be turned out by means of the
bull875-inch rods which f i t in holes next to the ball end of the strut
23176
bull - 3 4 shy
(amp) To Adjust Floats Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed bull875 diameter by 24-inch rod 106B 1 Crowbar 1243A
If the movement of earth under the floats continues as the
firing goes on until the adjusting screws have reached their outward limit
earth or blocking will have to be placed under the float to give a new
bearing surfacelaquo To do this proceed as follows
(1) Turn adjusting screw up in the struts as irar as i t will go
(2) With crowLars move the foot plates and floats up tovyard the
car keeping their inclination the same as before
(3) Hold the floats in this position by means of wedges and f i l l in
the back of floats with earth or blocks until the whole under surface of
the floats have a firm bearing
(4) Turn adjusting screw out again to give compression in the strut
I t may be necessary also to adjust the length of t ie rod on side outriggers
which can be done by turning turn buckle
(f ) To Place Had Outrigger strut for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed
0875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B Hammer U48F
(1) Remove pin with spli t pin holding end t i e rod to outrigger
strut swing t i e rod around and hang i t on bracket on side of the mount
(2) Turn adjusting screv up on the strut as far as i t vail go
Swing free end of strut around and hanamp i t on bracket on side of mount
23176
- 3 5 shy
(g) To Place Sidcopy Outrigger for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII-
Four men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F -875-inch by 24-inoh rod 106B
(1) Remove pin connecting side t i e rod to outrigger s t r u t remove
t i e rod from bracket and place on car platform (see Plate XXIII)bull
(2) Turn adjusting screw of s t r u t up as far as i t wi l l go- thus
allowing s t ru t to swing free of foot p l a t e shy
(3) Lift free end of s t ru t and swing around on to top of base
p la t e inside of outrigger support
(h) To Place Floats and Foot p la tes for carrying - Refer to
Plate XXVI
Six men required
Tools needed 1 sl ing of 1-inch rope about 30 f t long 1 wrench double 0625 and 0raquo75 U43F 1 pinch bar i crowbar 1243A
(1) Lay foot p la tes to one side raise f i r s t f loa t with crowbar
and then s l ide f loat up skids on to rear platform of car Place f loat
vith long side against ammunition trough and angle side out angles benjig
v e r t i c a l (See Plate XXVI)
(2) Place second i l o a t as abovevwith the under surface of same
res t ing against the angles of the f i r s t f loa t bull
(3) Continue loading f loa t s as in (2) un t i l the l a s t one has been
placed on the mount
(4) Last f loa t s together as described in (a)raquo
23176
-36shy
(5) Place foot p la te on le f t front of car in inclined position
res t ing against ammunition table
(6) Continue loading remaining foot p la tes ampa in (5) un t i l the
l a s t one has been placed on the mount
(7) Laah foot p la tes together as described in ( a )
SECTION 0- - AMMUNITION HANDLING
Refer to Plates XV and XXVII
A t r i p l e x block lowers the ammunition from the ammunition car in
the rear of the mount to the ammunition trough bolted to the platform of
the Howitzer c a r The upper surface of the t ray is bu i l t on an incl ine
do that the ammunition can be s l i d on to a t a b l e This table wil l hold
seven p r o j e c t i l e s The crane (See Sect G ) ho is t s the ammunition from
the table to the loading t ray on the traversing part of the mount ampa inshy
cl ine trough extends from th i s t ray to tike breech of the Howitzer- Two
men then push the pro jec t i l e down the inclined surface into the breech of
the howitzer
ggCTION PVr MUZZLE SUPPORT
(a) Description Refer to Plates I and II
For l i s t of par ts with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The gun when traveling i s held firmly to the mount by a muzzle
support and band The muzzle of the gun res t s on the muzzle support which
in tum is supported by the ammunition trough A wire rope i s passed over
the muzzle and to the ammunition trough by a band latch and hinge On
one end of the vire rope a stud i s fastened in an open socket This stud
f i t s in a hole in the band latch and has a nut on i t By tightening th is
23176
laquo-37shy
nut the rope holds the muzzle- of the gun on the muzzle block
(b) To Place Muzzle Support
One man required
Tools needed 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s 1 - wrench double 0375 and 1 U4-3G
( l ) Depress gun to 0 degrees elevation and traverse to 0 degrees
azimuth having muzzle support block in place
(3) Place gun band over muzzle of gun and fasten to band hinge on
One side and band labrh stud on other side
(3) Screw up nut on band latch stud un t i l band is t igh t on muzzle
of gun
SECTION Q_raquo_ - CHESTS
One tool chest and two armament chests are carried with each mount-
They are made of 062-inch s tee l reinforced by angles on the outsidebull The
p la tes are flanged a t the corners to connect to adjacent p l a t e s Two f l a t
s t raps riveted to the bottom by countersunk r ivets serve to protect the
bottom of the chest
The covers are hinged t o the back of the chests and have catches
On e i ther side to hold them open The coders are locked by a lock bolt
a t each side and by Yale lock in the middle The chests are equipped with
handles on each end
The tool chest i s 4C-inches long 20-inches wide and 24-inches
h igh I t is equipped vith one t ray which res ts on shelf angles This chest
i s carried on the r ight end platform of the mount alongside of the loading
trough when t r a v e l i n g Lug angles bolted to the floor p la tes prevent i t
from shift ing
23175
The armament chests are 4G~inches long 20-inches wide and 12shy
inches high They are equipped with two trays placed on top of each
bdquobull -rltA supported on tne chest bottom
bullWhen the mcunt is traveling these chests are placed on the front
of the car platform just in back of the ammunition t a b l e They are held
in t h i s position with angles which are bolted to the floor p l a t e s
The chests should be removed from mount when in f i r ing position
and placed in some convenient p lace
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXXIV
The mount may be camouflaged using the five color system
following the foliage design vith color key in black and white shown on
Pla te XXXIV
The object of th i s method of painting is to break up the lamprge
surfaces into a number of small sections so as to produce the appearance
of a c lus ter of shrubbery vith patches of l ight and shadow
To completely camouflage the mount i t should be covered with a
semi-transparent camou1 lagcopy canopy of ten t form similar to that used for
tljre 12-in oh Gun Railway Carriage shown on drawings Class 85 Division 22
Drawings 1 2 and 3raquo
(b) Pa)ntslaquo
The pa in ts to be used are the Q Government Camouflage Paints
prepared for the five color sjrstem and in the proportion as follows
applied over a coat of Ordnance Grey and never on bare metal
123455
Brown Yellow Cream Green Mauve Black
No 4041 4C42
4043 4044 4046 4045
-10 3 5 10 2 1
par ts
bullbull deg 23176
- 39shy
Th e paiat numbers referred to above are the US Government
Paijit numbers The parts referred to indicate the relative amounts of
paints of the different colors which will be required to camouflage one
12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount
Each color for convenience should be furnished for use in one
gallon friction top cans with handle Paints should be furnished in the
cans mixed ready for use Mien paint becomes too thick and i t is necessary
to thin use ^linseed oil and turpentine for that purpose being careful
not to use too much turpentine
(c) To Apply the Paint
To apply the paint the surface should be free of all sand
cinders dirt and oil Paint formerly applied and adhering firmly to the
surface need not be removed The section to which the different colors
are to be applied are then laid off in accordance with the design shown
on Plate
After the mount has been properly marked off into the different
sections the colors should be carefully applied care being taken to inshy
sure an even smooth coatf After the different colors have been applied
the lines where the colors meet should be covered with a black band about
one and one quarter inches wide Rrecautions should be taken to see that
the paint is dry and hard before permitting anything to come in contact
with the painted surface
(d) To Remove Paint
The paint may be removed by turpentine or by the use of a paint
torch if care is taken in the use of the flame
pound3 L7
-40shy
MAINTMANCE OFJEHE
SECTION A - Care of Recoil Mechanism
(a) The recoil cylinder should be emptied and refilled once every
three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months or ofterier if
conditions require i t
The liquid inithe recoil cylinder is a solution of esectual parts
glycerine and water- The density of the liquid should be 115 and should
have a neutral or alkaline reaction oaused by adding caustic soda or
caustic potash chemically pure A hydrometer which is kept in the arshy
mament chest whennot in use is furnished to test the solution for densityraquo
This liquid should be filtered through a clean piece of muslin or linen
before using Ihe glycerine should be kept in closed cans provided for
the purpose and be carefully protected from dirt sand and g r i t Liquid
drawn from cylinders and containing sediment must not be used again until
i t has been allowed to set t le for not less than 24 hours
(b) To dismount recoil mechanism Refer to Plate VII
The dismounting of the recoil mechanism should never be undertaken
in the f ield
Four men required one cylinder at a time
Tools neededWrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Buckets Can Screw drivershy U45W gt Wrench single 425 nuts U596D Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower
lt
U596A Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C Wrench recoil cylinders U596B
(1) Elevate the Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plug and drain
liquid from cylinder into buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders
(2) Remove looking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
iod nuts rear
(3) Remove air from recuperator by unscrewing emptying valve on
rear end of recuperator cylinder
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug on the recoil band clears
the end of piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nut front
(5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rod remove follower
gland and packing and screw follower and stuffing box back into the
cylinder
(6) Remove cylinder head weight 174 pounds
(7) Draw piston rod vith piston out through cylinder head end of
cylinder The weight of piston rod vith piston is approximately 392 pounds
care should therefore be used in handling itraquo
(8) Unscrew recoil cylinder and slide cylinder out The cylinder
weighs 628 pounds
(9) Stuffing box follower and leather vasher rray be removed Lockshy
ing screw need not be removed
(c) To Assemble Recoil Mechanism Refer to Plate VII bull
The assembling of the recoil mechanism should never be under
taken in the field
Four men required
Tools needed Wrench recoil cirlinders U596B Screw driver U45S Wrench recoil cylinders U595B Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
- 4 2 shy
Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U595D Screw driver U45W Wrench double 0625 and075 U43F Hand mallet U47AN bull Brass rod 0312 (516) diameter by 12 inches Glycerine and water solution (either new or used) Hydrometer (if solution is new) Filling funnel Can
6 rings of 0375 inch Garlock packing
(1) Insert recoil cylinder in cradle and push i t through until
threads on cylinder come in contact with threads on cradle- Turn cylinder bull
with wrench on flats at stuffing box end until cylinder flange bears fineshy
ly on cradle andnotch in flange at stuffing box end lines up with hole
in cylinder for locking screw
(2) Screw locking screw in cradle
(3) Insert piston rod in cylinder and place leather washer stuffing
box washer stuffing box with gland and follower in place and piston
rod nut (front) on rod when it is pushed through stuffing box end of tcyshy
linder Screw stuffing box in place and ppoundsh piston rod to rear through
recoil band advancing piston rod nut until the distance from the end of
the threaded end of rod to the rear end of cylinder equals 24375- - 001
inches 1
(4) Look the front and rear piston rod nuts
(5) Pack the stuffing box as per instructions erection A division e
(6) With leather washer and recoil cyiinderhead bushing in place
screw on cylinder head v
(7) Fill cylinder vith the glycerine and water solution using f i l l shy
ing funnel prescribed as per instructions section A division d
(d) To Fil l ret oil cylinders Refer to Plate VII
- 4 3 shy
Two men required
Tools needed Wrenchj double 0raquo625 and 075 U43F Pilling Funnel Glycerine and water solution (either new or used)
Hydrometer (if solution is new)
(1) Set Howitzer at 0 degree with recoil band against stops on
cradle and remove filling plugs
(2) In3ert fi l l ing funnel ampnd f i l l to overflowing with solution
of glycerine and water Allow escape of air ref i l l remove funnel and
screw filling plugs tight
(e) To Pack Stuffing Box- Refer to Plate VII
One man required
Tools needed Spanner wrench stuffing box follower- U596A Hand mallet U47AN 60 rings of 0375-inch Garlock packing Screw driver U45W Wrench single 425 nuts U50D Wrench box U423D Brass rod 0312 (5l6) diameter by 12 inches Can
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs and drain
liquid from cylinders to buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders Elevate
Howitzer to 0 degree elevation
(2) Allow air to escape from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing
exhaust stem in valve rear end of cylindershy
(3) Remove locking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug 033 the recoil band clears
the end of the piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nuts
front
-44shy
5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rodj remove follower
guand and packing screw stuffing box back into cylinder and discard
any of the packing that is unfit for use If any is used to repack i t
should be put in after new
(6) To repack put on the piston rod one ring of the packing and shy
force i t well to the bottom of the stuffing box by brass rod and malletlaquo
Treat each ring of packing in the same manner beingcareful to break
joints until three rings of new packing or an equal amount of new and
old packing have been inserted Enter the gland and follower in the box
and soreyen up t ight
(7) Screw piston rod nuts (front) on rods slide Howitzer forward
put piston rod nuts (rear) on and add locking screws
(8) Fill recoil cylinder as prescribed in section A division (d)
(9) Fill recuperator cylinder with air as prescribed in-section B
division (d)
The addition of the leather vasher around the piston rod in front
of the stuffing box allows less force to tighten the follower than if it
were the plain packing
The follower should be tightened up from time to time If i t is
screwed into the stuffing box too tightly an unnecessary amount of fricshy
tion will be produced On the rod Hi en the follower is screwed 4n until
the flange strikes the box i t should be repacked
(f) To Clean Recoil Cylinders
This operation should not b3 undertaken in the field
Three men required Tools needed
Wrench double 0525 and 075 U43F Buckets Can bull
Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower U596A Screv driver U45W Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U596D Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
Plumbers hand force pump with hose
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs drain liquid
into buckets^ and elevate Howitzer to 0 degree
(2) Remove locking screws frrom piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(3) Release followers a few turns remove cylinder heads weight
174 pounds each apd draw out piston rods as prescribed in section A
division (b)
(4) Thoroughly clean cylinders vith kerosene oil forced into both
ends with pump and wipe the interiors dry with clean waste Clean the
piston rod and cylinder heads
(5) Replace piston rod cylinder heads and tighten follower Screw
nuts in place on piston rod and lock
SECTION B - Care of Recuperator
(a) In general Refer to plate VIII bull
The recuperator cylinder and plunger should be emptied and reshy
fil led onpe every three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months
or of tenor if conditions require itlaquo
The liquid in the plunger is the same as that in the recoil
cylinder (See section A division (a) second paragraph)
The in i t ia l pressure of the air$ with Howitzer in lottery should
be 1550 pounds per square inch and of the liquid 1700 pound per equate
inch The pressures are indicated by the pressure gauges on the su^poi-
2 b _ bullbullbull
- 4 6 shy
vith the pump If the pressure of the air is not sufficient to reshy
turn the howitzer to tattdry at maximum elevation 60 degrees and if the
plunger is not full of liquid pump glycerine solution into plunger until
either normal pressure or a full plunger is obtained provided that the
variation from 1550 pounds per square inch is small
If this variation islarge connect the compressed air tank and
raise the pressure in the air chamber The amount of space between the
rear face-of tige washer on the front end of the piston rod and the front
face of the stuffing bampx gland indicates the amount the pistonjhas moved
toward the plunger caused by leakage of the liquid When this distance
equals approximately 5875 inches the piston is resting against the plunger
the plunger must be refilled with liquid before this condition exists or
serious darcage will be done There should always be a space between the
rear face of the washer and the front face of the gland even vhen plunger
is full of liquid Because if the washer is against the gland there is
nothing to indicate that the liquid pressure is balanced by the air pressure
and any excess liquid pressure may damage the piston rod
The pull rod bearings in cradle should always be well lubfcicsated
(b) To Dismount Recuperator Refer to Plate VIIIbull
This operation should never be done in the field unless i t becomes
absolutely necessary The Howitzer must not be elevated while the re-
cup erfi t or is dismounted
Five men required
Tools needed Wrench box U423D Spanner wrench U423E Wrench double 125 and 15 U--33A Screw driver U45AN
- 4 7 shy
Cocket wrench U422G Handle U422H Socket wrenchU422D
bullWrench double 0875 and 1 UltL-3G Wrench U423A Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Screw driver U45AE Socket wrenehi U422C
(1) With the Howitzer at 0 degrees open upper stem on l iquid
valve un t i l l iquid begins to escape then c lose
(2) Depress the Howitzer t o -5 degrees and secure by means of the
muzzle support
(3) Empty a i r from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing both steins
in a i r valve at rear end of cylinder I t i s very important t h a t - a l l the a i r
be allowed to escape before removing any p a r t s
(4) Slack off the front nuts on the large stuffing box at front end
r l recuperator cylinder in order to take the pressure off of the plunger
caused by the pqcking
(5) Push plunger and piston t o the rear with i t s yoke unt i l pul l
rod bushings are uncovered holding pul l rods in the i r original pos i t ion
-(6) Block up under plunger at a point just behind the yoke to
support plunger
(7) Remove lock screw in each yoke bushingbull
(8) Unscrew yoke bushingsbull
(9) Remove pull-rod bracket
(10) Push pul l rods to r ea r
(11) Remove yoke bushings
(12) Pull out the plunger piston rod and yoke which weigh about
500 pounds care being taken t o have these par ts centered at a l l times an
to protect the outer surface of plunger 2 j l lt bull
- 4 8 shy
(13) Remove piston-rod nut washer gland and stuffing box
rivaLl with packing and plunger l ea the r
(14) Draw out piston
(15) Disconnect a i r and liquid piping and remove l iquid valve
(16) Remove plunger protection ring f e l t rusher gland stuffing
box large with packing and plunger leather packing
bullbull(17) Remove set screw in cylinder clamp lock unscrew cylinder
clarnp lock and s l ide cylinder out to rear weight about 895 pounds bullbull
(c) To Assemble Recuperator Refer to Plate VI I I
This operation should never be undertaken in the f ie ld unless i t
becomes absolutely necessary
Five men required-
Tools needed
3 rings flax packing 30D Piston washer leather 30B Spanner wrench U423G Socket wrench U422C Socket wrench U422D Screw driver U45AN Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Wrench- U423A Wrench double 087 5 and 1 U43G Socket wrench U422G Handle U422H Screw driver U45AE Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench U423D 10Ting flax packing 27N and 28M 2 leather packing 27H and 28K I ras3 rod 0437 (716) diameter by 12 inches F i l l ing funnel Can 2 tanks of compressed air
-49shy
I (I) Slide cylinder into housing in cradle screw cylinder clamp
lock on front end of cylinder and lock vith set screw Cylinder weights
1040 pounds
() Place stuffing box gland leather packing and felt washer
on plunger and slide to front
(3) Assemble packing gland and washer to piston and place piston
rod in place in plunger
(4) Push piston and plunger into cylinderlaquo
(5) Pack stuffing box large and put nuts on studamp care being
taken to tighten up nuts alternately so packing bears properly (See
division (amp)bull)
(6) Push plunger to the rear screw yoke bushings on pull iods
and slide pull rods in place
(7) Put leather packing and stuffing box small in plunger and
put nuts on studs
(8) Pack stuffing box sir^H place gland in place and screvnuts
on studs care being taken to tighten up nutsalternately so packing
bears uniformly (see division (e)raquo)
(9) Place washer on end of pistorj- rod and screw nut against shoulder
lOJ Bolt liquid valve to cylinder and connect up air and liquid
piping
(II) Fill the plunger vith liquid connect up the air tank and
f i l l the cylinder vith a i r
(d) To f i l l recuperator cylinder Refer to Plate VIII
Five men required
Tools needed
-5Oshy
Box wrench U423A Wrench U423D Can Glycerine and water solution
Two tanks of compressed a i r
(1) Fill plunger with glycerine and water solution by means of
the pump and at the same time letting compressed air into the air chamshy
ber being careful to keep the liquid and air pressures balanced as inshy
dicated by projection of piston rod forward from stuffing box
When plunger is full there should be only a small space be-v
tween front face of stuffing box gland and rear face of washer at front
end of piston rod Never allow these twoitcopy come together
(2) To f i l l the air chamber -the following has to be done- Connect
upoundgt the air tank with the air pipe connection by the copper tubing open
the valve on the tank then open the valve on the air cylinder Two tanks
are usually sufficient to run the air pressure in recuperator cylinder up
to 1700 pounds per square inch others or parts of others may be used if
necessary
(e) To pack stuffing boxes Refer to plate VIIIbull
One ring of packing is placed in stuffing box and forced well
to bottom with braks rod and mallet Treat each ring of packing in the
same manner being careful to break joints until the five rings have been
inserted Nuts on studs should be screwed tight against glandsraquo 1
TOien repacking these stuffing boxes recuperators must be dis-
mounted (see section B division (b) ) sufficiently to get the packing
out -Any of the old packing that is unfit for use should be discarded-
If any of the old is used to repack i t should be put in after the new
The addition of the leather washers around the piston r^d ampi
plunger in the rear of the stuffing boxes allows less fcrcc to tghJ-en
-51shy
the glands than if i t were the plain packing
The nuts around the glands should be tightened from time to time
If the glands are pressed too tightly into the stuffing boxes an unshy
necessary amount of friction will be produced on the plunger and rod When
the glands are pushed in until they strike the stuffing boxes they should
be repacked
(f) To clean recuperator cylinder and plunger Refer to Plate
See Section B division (b)
This should never be undertaken in the field except in case
of absolutenecessity V i x
Dismount the recuperator thoroughly clean the cylinder
and plunger with kerosene o i l forced into them with plunger s force pump
Wipe the^ in te r io rs dry with clean cotton waste Clean the piston and
pis ton rod
SECTION C - CARE OFELEVATING MECHANISM
(a) To Dismoipit the elevating mechanism Refer to p la tes XI and
XII
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0875 and 1 U4-3G Wrench double 125 and 15 U13BA Wrench double 2 and 225 IK-3ATC Wrench pinion shaft and nut 35 U82H SJcrew driver U45AN Screv driver U45AE Machinist s hammer U48F
Pin punch U47AF Blocks of wood
(1) Take hand wheel off and remove brake band
(2) Remove pinion shaft gear from elevating pinion shafts and
bull lt bullbull bull
- 5 2 shy
rmove elevating pinion shaf t
(3) Take off intermediate pinion shaft nut and washer and remove
intermediate pinion shaft) care being taken to see that intermediate gear
13 blocked up
(4) Remove elevating gear p la te with bearings fastened to i t
(5) Remove intermediate gear
(6) Take off handwheel sha f t
(7) Remove rack
(b) To assemble elevating iaechanism
Reverse the operations as outlined in above for dismounting bull
SECTION D - CARE Off TRAVERSING MECHANISM
(a) To dismount t ravers ing mechanism Refer to Plate XIIIbull
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrenoh double 1raquo25 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C Hammer machinists U48FshyPunch pin U47AF
Wrencty double 2 and 225U43AW
(1) Screw out side leveling screw remove sight with sight bracket
from cradle t runnions
(2) Take off gear case cover
(3) Remove pin and co l la r from end of worm shaft and draw i t out
(4) Knock out pins in lower part of ve r t i c a l trqversing shaft
and take off t ravers ing p in ion
(5) Drav shaft with worm vheel up through case push worm to side
of case when s t a r t ing (
- 5 3 shy
(6) Worm may then be removed from case aad case taken off side
of frame worm wheel may also be driven off shaf t
(b) To Assemble t raversing mechanism Refer to p la te XIII
Tnree men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 6375 and 05 U431 Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 2raquo and 225 U43AW Hammer machinists U48F Punch pin U47AF
(1) Bolt gear case to side frame and place vnra in pocket in case
(2) Drive worm vheel on shaft and place shaft in pos i t ion i
Worm must be held against wall of case gtS3aen assembling vheel and shaft
(3) Drive pinion on shaft and pin in p lace
(4) Slide worm shaft in place and lock i t vith pin and collar
(5) Bolt cover on case and bolt sight assembled or sight bracket
to t runnions
(6) Connect up leveling screw
SECTION F - CARE OF MMUNITEON CRANE
(a) To dismount ammunition c rane liefer to Dlate XXVII
Men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 pin punch
1 screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 anc 05 U-V3C 1 Wrench double 0625 auc O55 Ir4JF 1 Wrench double 0875-and Xraquo U43C
(l) Remove bolt fastening hoisting ropci to erjd of crime mast and
place bolt back in socket on rope This rejiovss sheave block
- 5 4 shy
sheave and crane hook
(2) Remove intermediate rope guard and sheave from crane mast
(3) Remove lower sheave bracket from crane mast and leave sheave and
rope guard attached to sheave bracket
(4) Unpin crank shaft co l l a r andrunscrew crank shaft n u t s
(5) Remove le f t crank and l e f t crank bushing rIhe crank shaft may
now be withdrawn to the l e f t and the pinion s ratchet and f r i c t ion box
and f r i c t ion disc be l i f t ed out The r ight crank may also be withdrawnbull
(6) Remove s p l i t pinsj drive out drum shaft and l i f t out drum and
gear
(7) Remove drum bracket from crane maftr
(8) Remove crane mast from crane mast pedestal and unbolt pedestal
from platform
(b) To AssembLe Ammunition Crane
Men Required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch
1 Screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075 II43F 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1 U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined above for dismounting in (a)laquo
Note- Care should be taken to see that the bronze and s tee l f r ic t ion
discs are assembled in t h e i r proper order
SECTION El ANTI-FRICTION DEVICE
(a) To Dismount a n t i - f r i c t i o n dev ice Refer t o P la te X
Four men required
Tools needed
Wrench single 175a U43V Wrench spanner U596E So rev driver U45AE
( l ) Unscrew locknut on adjusting screw
(Z) Remove s p l i t pin and nut from bearing support
(3) |Unscrew adjusting screw u n t i l beairinf support i s clear of bearshy
ing s e a t
(4) Remove r o l l e r and bearing s e a t
(5) Remove upper trunnion pin bearing anl key
(6) If t ipping pa r t s are out of side fcraiie bearing the bearing
support can be drawn up through the hole in s ids frame
(7) Bel lev i l le springs and washers can nor be removed
(8) Unscrew adjusting screw nut vith lockwasher attached to ifcraquo
(b) To assemble an t i - f r i c t i on device
Reverse the operation as outlined in afcove for dismounting
SECTION fl - CARE OF TRUCK3
(a) To remove trucks from Mount refer t o P la te XXXII
bull-8 Men required
Tools needed
4 Auxiliary jacks 1 Crowbar 1243A 1 Pinch bar
1 - 7-rinch p l i e r s U47AQ
(1) Remove s p l i t pin from l i ve lever pin a-d ^e7--e l ive lever pin
from rear t ruck lever connection Pl^ce l ino laver iivi i i hoe in 3 ive
lever and inse r t sp l i t pin shy(2) Lift- center pin from eenter p la ie hole usin^ pvrtn bar +y ^^-
-56shy
samej if necessary
(3) Raise mount with jacks as described in Part I Section (L) Divishy
sion (d) until mount is clear of trucks
(4) Shove trucks along until they are clear of mount
(fr) To Disassemble and Assemble Trucks Refer to Plate XXXII
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Wrench double 125 and 15 nuts U43BA 1 Wrench double 875 and I-inch U43G 1 - 7inch Pliers U47AQ 2 Crowbars 1243A Blocking 1 - 16-inch Monkey wrench U45LA lCfir Box Jacking screw with levers 1022C 4 Jacks 25-ton 1 Combination Hook and Packing tool
- 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar
(1) Remove pedestal t i e from both sides of truck replacing bolts in
t ies with nut locks and nuts
(2) Remove cotters from equalizer pins (put cotters in a convenient
place so they can be replaced in pin when same are later removed)
(3) Place jack screw on sectire blocking under inside pedestal castings
of outer wheels and raise truck frame until springs and equalizers are reshy
leased sufficiently for removing
(4) Remove semi-elliptic spring keys which will allow spring to be
removed
(5) Remove pins from equalizers and replace pins in same also replace
cotters (Refer to Art 2)
(6) Remove cotters and nuts from Helical spring bolts then remove
bolts and replace nuts and cotters Also remove springs and spring seats 33176
i
- 5 7 shy
7) Place car jack on secure blocking under serai-elliptic spring
soat and raise truck frame sufficient to remove wheels and journal boxes
(Snail jack screws and blocking can now be removed)
(8) Push end wheels with journal boxes away from truck framebull
(9) Disconnect bottom connection rod from both front and rear truck
levers and replace connection pins in their respective places in rods
(lltQ) Remove rear truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole from which it was taken in brajfce beam
( l l ) Disconnect front truck lever from dead lever bracket and replace
connection piniiin dead lever bracket
(12)) Disconnect dead lever bracket from dead lever fulcrum bracket and
replace connection pin in dead lever bracket
(13) Remove front truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole in brake beam
(14) Pull out brake shoe keys and remove brake beams and brake shoes
(15) Remove brake shoe hangers from side frames and replace hunger bolts
with keys in hangers
(16) Place blocking under pedestal casting of end wheels at either end
of truck most convenient and remove the car jacks near the end so blocked
by unscrewing jacks so as to allow frame to rest on blocking This will
permit moving center wheel with boxes intorposition formerly occupied by
aid wheels
(17) Replace ca^r jacks under semi-elliptic spring seats as before and
raise this end so as to release load of frame from blocking at end
(18) Remove end-blocking and push wheels away from frame
(19) Open journal box doors and remove journal box packing with hook
and packing tool 2SI16
-58shy
(20) Tilt the outer ends of the boxes up until bearing wedge and bearshy
nings can be removed remove wedges and take beardiigs out Then remove
boxes
(21) To Assemble Trucks Reverse the process just described
(c) To Pack Journal Boxes
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hook nd Packing Tool Bucket or Tin can of 3 to 5 gallons capacity Galena Oil bull I
Wool or Cotton Waste
(1) With hook and packing tool remove waste also all particles of
sand and gr i t from journal boxes
(2) In the bucket or tin can place enough waste to pack the number of
journal boxes to be packed wool waste is preferable but cotton waste
will do and saturate with Galena Oil
(3) With hook and pacafcing tool pack the oil saturated waste firmly
into the lower section of the Journal Boxes Note - The life of the journal
bearings will be considerably lengthened and the trouble arising from
burned out bearings will be reduced to a minimum if regular inspections be
made of the journal box packing If the car is to be moved a considerable
distance especially after having stood in one place for any length of
time i t i s vrell to see that a l l boxes are well packed with oil saturated
wasted Care should be taken to see that the covers are kept closed and
promptly replaced where broken or lost in order to keep out as much as
possible a l l sand and gri t
(d) To Replace Journal Bearings
Two men required 73V 6
Tools needed
1 Pinch Bar 1 Car Box Jacking Screw 1 Hook and Packing Tool
(1) With car body jacks ra ise car body about two inches
(2) With car box jacking screw ra ise the journal box from which the
bearing i s to be removed about two incheslaquo
(3) Raise journal box cover and remove bearing wedge with hook withshy
draw bearing
(4) Put new bearing in posit ion and replace bearing wedge pack journal
box packing firmly around lower half of journal and be certain that ijournal
bearing and wedge are properly seated
(e) To Place Trucks Under ca r
Reverse procedure outlined in Part I I Section G Division (a)laquo
SECTION- H - CARE OF TRUCKS
(ai To Disassemble Air Brake Refer to plates XIX apid XX bull
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch P l i e r s U47 AQ 1 Pinch Bar 1 Wrench double raquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U45DA 1 S t i l l s on Pipe wrench -25 and 25- inches 637D 1 Wrench double 083 5 and 1-inch riutsU43G 1 Wrench^ double Olaquo625 and 0laquo75-inch nutsfU43F
1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nutsU43^euro
(1) Disconnect hand brake pullrod and brake cylinder leyer connection
from brake cylinder lever and replace connection pin in end of pullrod
(2) Disconnect f loating lever connection from f loat ing lever and re shy
place connection pin in f loat ing lever connection 23176
- 6 0
Disconnect l i ve lever from f loat ing lever and replaco pin in l ive
lever
(4) Unbolt and remove cylinder lever fulcrumfrom center s i l l and re shy
place bolts in t h e i r respective holes in center s i l l and remove cylinder
lever from cylinder lever fulcrum
(5) Disconnect brake cylinder pushrod from cylinder lever and replace
connection pin in end of pushrod disconnect f loat ing lever from floating
lever fulcrum and replace pin in f loating levershy
(6) Unbolt and remove f loat ing lever fulcrum from under side of floor
p la te and replace bolts in fulcrum
(7) Disconnect union on cross pipe between cylinder and reservoir and
remove pipe
(8) Unbolt and remove brake cylinder from support and replace bolts
in support bull
bullbull(9) Disconnect pipes and e l l s from reservoir tha t connect with cross
pipe t o cylinder
(10) Unbolt t r i p l e valve from reservoir
(11) Unbolt and remove reservoir from supports replacing bol ts
(X2) Remove t r i p l e valve
(13) Unscrew pipe3A-
(14) Remove centrifugal d i r t col lector
(15) Remove elbow and pipe GA
(16) Unscrew pige AA from cut out cock and remove self-locking cutshy
out cock No 2135 vith upper pipe AA from 125 t e o
(17) Remove upper pipe AA from cut out cock
23176
(18) Remove V bolt in end s i l l and unccrew self~lockng nngle cck
No 22413
(19) Unscrew pipe R from coupling leaving coupling en pipe SMlaquo
(20) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe S from 125 e l l and leave
e l l on pipe T
(21) Remove pipe T11 from 125 ampee and leave tee on pipe U
(22) Unscrew pipe U from e l l and leave e l l on pipeVi4
(23) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe W from elbregw and leave
elbow on pipe X
(24) Unscrew pipe nX with drain cock from pipe HZ
Note- If i t i s desired to disassemble the complete a i r brake equipment
on mount repeat the above operation for disassembling the mechaniftzft under
the other end of the mount
(b) To Disassemble-land Assemble Handbrakes Refer to Plate XIX and XX-
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0625 and 0raquo7pound-inch nutsU43F
(1) Disconnect handbrake pul l rod from cylinder lever qt3 replace
connection pin in end of rod
(2) Remove handbrake sheave from handbrake pul l rod take chain from
around sheave and fasten sheave back in rod jaws with p in
(3) Unbolt and remove pu l l rod hanger and replace bolts in hanger
(4) Remove pul l rod
(5) Disconnect handbrake chain from brake mast step and brake mast
23176
-62shy
(6) Unbolt and remove brake mast step and replace bolts on mast s t e p p pR b(7(7)) Remove brake mast with handwheel and ratchet attached
c) gtv To Assemble Air Brake Refer to Plates XIX and XX
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 75 gad 1-inch U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch l)47DA 1 St i l l son Pipe Wrench 25 to 25 inches 637D 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075-inch nuts U43F 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1-inch nuts U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined in Section H division ( a )
(d) To clean and Oil Brake Cylinder Refer to p la te XXIX
Two men required
Tools needed
1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 625 and 0875-inch nuts U153E 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U47DA
(1) Disconnect pushrod from cylinder l ever
(2) Remove bolts connecting cylinder to brake cylinder brake and re shy
move pipes connecting cylinder to rese rvo i r
(3) Remove piston head
(4) With kerosene o i l thoroughly clean and remove a l l pa r t i c l es of
sand and g r i t from piston piston r ing and inside of cyl inder
(5) Oil piston lea ther in pis ton with heavy o i l or l igh t grease
(6) Put piston back in cylinder and replace whole on c a r
(9) To clean and o i l t r i p l e valvo K--2 Refer to Pla te XXXIII
Two men required
Tools needed 23176
O
l bull
1 Stillson Pipe Wrench 25 to- 2 5~inchesf 637D i Hamroerj U48F 1-7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Wrench double laquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inchj U47DA 1 Wrench double raquo375 and 5-inch nuts U153B
(1) Disconnect branch pipe union and remove branch pipe from tr iple valve
(2) Dplusmnggt$ pinealtriple valve f roiaauxiliary valvalaquo
(3) Unscrev union nut 17 and remove strainer 16 bull
(4) Unscrev graduating stem nut 20 and remove graduating spring 22raquo
(5) Remove nut from bolts 24 and take off cylinder cap 19 and- cylinder
cap gasket 23
(6) Withdraw piston and slide valve from casing
(7) Remove cap screws 25 and take off check valve case 13 and emergency
valve 9
(8) Remove piston 8laquo
(9) Remove emergency valve 10 and check valve 15raquo
(10) Unscrev retarding device 29 and remove retarding spring 33 and
stem 31bull
(11) Clean a l l parts thoroughly with kerosene oilraquo Using oil sparingly
oil t r iple piston and surface between slide valve and slide valve seat Also
surface between graduating valve and slide valve
(12) Assemble by reversing procedures as outlined above and replace
t r ip le valve in position
(f) To Clean Centrifugal Dirt Collector Refer to Plate XXXI
One man required
Tools needed None
( l) Open cock at bottom of collector until a l l particles of sand
dir t and water are blovn out
23176
-64shy
(g) To Take Up Shoo Wear
Oncopy man required
Tools needed
1 P l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch b a r
(1) Release brakes both hand and air
(2) Disconnect front t ruck lever from dead lever bracket move front
t ruck lever out un t i l the rear t ruck lever wi l l not go back to less than
15-inchear from the t ruck bo ls te r and remake connection in proper hole in
dead lever bracket
(3) If necessary the shoes can be set up t i gh t e r by moving the front
t ruck lever to the end holes Of the bottom connection rod
(m) To Replace Brake Shoes Refer to Plate XXXII
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U47AM 1 Pinch Bar
(1) Release brakes both hand and a i r -
(2) Withdraw brake shoe keys take out worn shoes and replace with
new ones
SECTIOIj I shy CARE OF JACKS
(a) To Disassemble screw jacks Refer to Plate XXV
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch 1 Wrench double1 Wrench double^
125 and 15 U43G 0625 and 075 U43F
23176
-65shy
(1) Unscrew lower jack pinion stud nut and remove ratchet and pawl
with housing bull
(2) Remove upper jack pinion stud nut and take out jack pinion stud
with jack pinion attached
(3) Remove jack screw nut and let jack and ram rest against guide
(4) Take washers and screw gear off of screw
(5) Remove stop from ram and guide from base plate
(6) Remove screw and ram
Note- In order to remove screw and ram i t is necessary to run the mount
over a pi t or dig a hole in the ground
(b) To Assemble screw jacks reverse the operations outlined above for
disassembling
(c) Care and Oilijig of Jaciss
The jacks should be lubricated frequently To do ifcis a steel
compression grease cup is screwed into the stop on the ram This cup should
nevor be without grease in i t The jack levers should be removed and placshy
ed in some convenient place on the platform
(d) Care of Auxiliary Jacks
When not in use the auxiliary jacks should be placed under the
ammunition table The bearings of the jack should be kept well oiled and the
main lifting screw and the teeth of the gears should be lubrioated vith
heavy grease when necessary to make jacks work easily
PART I I I
SECTION A PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED BEFORE FIRING
(a) This carriage is designed to be fired from 20 to 60 degrees elevashy
tion do not fire it below 20 degrees
23176
-66shy
(b) Fold up platform at breech of Howitzer
(c) Take reading at liquid pressure gauge this reading should be 1700
pounds per squre inch a small amount of liquid will leak out each round
and is replaced by means of the pump
(d) Take reading^at air pressure gauge this reading should be 1550
pounds per square inch
(e) The distance the recuperator piston rod moves indicates liquid leakshy
ing at the packing and the rod should never be allowed to stand out past
the gland more than 5laquo875 inches
(f) Traverse gun through entire allowed movement to nampke sure that all
parts work freely
(g) Elevate Howitzer through entire range of elevation to see that all
parts work freely
(h) Make sure that a l l nuts tap bolts and screws on elevating mechanism
traversing mechanism panoramic sight and elevation quadrant are set up
properly
(i) Make an inspection of recoil and counter recoil systems to see
thqfc they are properly assembled especially after the Howitzer has been
dismounted from the oradle
(k) See that the outriggers are set securely
(l) See that the underframing of the mount has a uniform bearing on
the ground platform
(m) Make sure that the recoil cylinder is properly fi l led
(n) All brakes should be released
23176
-67shy
TOBE_OBSERVED BEFORE TRAVELLING
(a) see that a l l equipment to be carried on the mount is properly
Secured and that none of i t projects out past the clearance l ine
(b) Depress gun to 0 degree elevation and traverse i t to 0 degrees
azimuth and fasten gun with travelling lock
(c) Remove panoramic telescope place i t in carrying case and store
in secure place
(d) An inspection should be n^de of journal boxes to see that they
are properly packed and that the bearings have not worn down too much
(e) An inspection should be made also of the brake shoes and mechshy
anism If there is too much play between the brake shoes and wheels
the wear should be taken up in the brake mechanism or the brake shoes
replaced with1 nev ones
(f) Be sure that the complete set of tools areoOn hand
(g) See that buffers and couplings are in proper working condition
PART V
TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF 12-INCH HOWITZER RAILWAY MOUNT MODEL OF 1918
Length of reco i l normal 36 max 375
Angle of Elevation ( f i r i n g 4 2 0 to46O o
ti laquo Depression - 5 loading
it laquo t raverse 360deg
Weight of recoi l ing pa r t s (empty) - 49188
n t ipping 64533(Loaded 65333)
Weight of Car including base p la te 102880
Length over draft Gear - 42 f t 2 i n approx
Total weight of trucks (two) 30000 l b s
-68shy
Type of trucks 6-wheel - 55 x 10 journals
Diameter of vheels 28 in
Weight of t ravers ing parts with gun (Empty) 92353
Total weight on t rack - 19 5 243 bull
Weight of gun including recoi l band amp breech mech bull 47f239
Muzzle Velocity 1950 f s
Range 21600 yds (Approx)
Wt Pro jec t i l e 700 l b s
Wt Povder 95
Chamber pressure 37000 l b s
Muzzle energy 18474 f t tons
Total rod pul l a t 60deg - 348766 l b s
per qxle a t t rack (front) 35931 l b s
laquo n ti ti ( rea r ) 29150 M
23176
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Gaylord Bros Makers
Syracuse N Y PAT JAN 21 1908
- 2 shy
P a g copy
( a ) T o p l a c e f o u n d a t i o n f o r t r a v e l i n g bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull
(b) To d i s a s s e m b l e f o u n d a t i o n and load f o r firing
3~oioa E ~ O u t r i g g e r s raquo bull lt bull laquo laquo laquo lt bull bull bull laquo bull bull
(a) T o pl a c e end outrigger f o r f i r i n g laquo laquo laquo
(b) T o plcoe side outrigger for firing-o bull
(c) To adjust f c r s w on outriggerraquo o laquo lt gt bull
(d) To aija^t f l o a t s bull laquo laquo laquo raquo laquo raquo
( e ) T o p l r o e e n d o u t r i g g e r s t r u t f o r c a r r y i n g
(j ) T o gpound-e s i d e o u t r i g g e r s t r u t f o r c a r r y i n g bull raquo bull bull bull bull
( g T o p l a c e f l o a t s a n d f o o t p l a t e s f - o r c a r r j ^ i n g bull bull bull raquo bull
S e c t i o n 0 - AjT jUi ro tdon R a n d J i n g - c laquo bull c gt bull
S e c t i o n P - M u s z i e S u p p e r I laquo bull laquo 4 laquo
(fvx) D e s c r i p t i o n bull bull bull laquo laquo
( b ) T o P l a c e M u z a l e S u p p o r t raquo
S e c t i o n Q -bull C h e s t s I
S e c t i o n R - C a m o u f l a g e bull bull bull laquo raquo
( a ) D e s c r i p t i o n bull bull raquo raquo bull raquo bull bull bull
( b ) P a i n t s bull
( c ) T o A p p l y t h e P a i n t
( d ) T o R e m o v e t h e P a i n t bull
P A R T I I
I n s p e c t i o n a n d M a i n t e n a n c e o f M o u n t laquo bull bull
S e c t i o n A - C a r e o f r e c o i l m e c h a n i s m raquo bull bull bull bull raquo bull
(a) In General bull
(b) To Dismount recoil mechanism
(c) To assemble recoil mechanism bull laquo laquo raquo
(d) To Fill Recoil mechanism
13176
3 a
( e ) T o p a c k s t u f f i n g b o x raquo laquo bull bull bull
( f ) To c l e a n r e c o i l c y l i n d e r bull bull
SECTION B - 0 a t e of R e c u p e r a t o r gt
( a ) i n G e n e r a l bull
( b ) T o d i s m o u n t r e c u p e r a t o r raquo bull laquo bull bull bull laquo bull bull bull
( c ) To a s s e m b l e r e c u p e r a t o r laquo laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull
(d) To fill recuperator raquo bull laquo bull
(e) To pack stuffing box laquo
(f) To clean recuperator cylinder and plunger bull bull bull bull bull
23176
3 b
SECTION C - C a r e of e l e v a t i n g m e c h a n i s m
P a g e
( a ) T o d i s m o u n t e l e v a t i n g m e c h a n i s m
( b ) To a s s e m b l e e l e v a t i n g m e c h a n i s m
SECTION D - C a r e of t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m
( a ) To d i s m o u n t t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m bull laquo bull laquo bull
( b ) To a s s e m b l e t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m
S e c t i o n E - C a r e of a n t i - f r i c t i o n D e v i c e laquo
( a ) To d i s m o u n t a n t i - f r i c t i o n d e v i c e bull bull bull
( b ) To a s s e m b l e a n t i - f r i c t i o n d e v i c e bull raquo laquo
S e c t i o n F shy C a r e of A m m u n i t i o n C r a n e lt
( a ) To d i s m o u n t a m m u n i t i o n c r a n e
( b ) To a s s e m b l e a m m u n i t i o n c r a n e
S e c t i o n G - C a r e of t r u c k s
( a ) To r e m o v e t r u c k s raquo
( b ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a n d a s s e m b l e t r u c k s bull bull bull bull raquo
( c ) To p a c k j o u r n a l b o x e s
( d ) To r e p l a c e j o u r n a l b e a r i n g s bull raquo bull
( e ) To p l a c e t r u c k s u n d e r c a r
S e c t i o n H - C a r e of B r a k e s raquo bull bull bull
( a ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a i r b r a k e
( b ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a n d a s s e m b l e h a n d b r a k e a
( c ) T O a s s e m b l e a i r b r a k e raquo bull bull
(d) To clean and o i l brake cy l inde r
(e) To clean and oil triple valve
(f ) To clean centrifugal dirt collector
23176
Page
( g ) To t a k o up shoe wear bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull bull bull lt
( h ) To r e p l a c e b r a k e s h o e s bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n I - Care of j a c k s bull bull raquo bull bull bull raquo bull raquo laquo bull bull
( a ) To d i s a s s e m b l e s c r e w j a c k s laquo
( b ) To a s s e m b l e s c r e w j a c k s laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull gt bull bull bull bull
( c ) Care and o i l i n g of s c r ew j a c k s bull bull
( d ) Care of a u x i l i a r y j a c k s laquo bull bull bull
PART I I I
S e c t i o n A - P r e c a u t i o n s t o b e obse rved b e f o r e f i r i n g bull bull bull
S e c t i o n B - P r e c a u t i o n s t o be obse rved b e f o r e t r a v e l l i n g bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n C - L i s t of g r e a s e cups and handy o i l e r s laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
PART IV - L i s t of P a r t s
PART V - T a b l e of Weights and Dimens ions
PART VI - L i s t of T o t a l Equipment
13175
~5 shy
List of Plates _
I - 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Right Side Elevation
II bull 12-inch Howitzer Rarilwey Mouvjt Left Side Elevation ltraquo
I I I 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Longitudinal Section
IV 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Plan View
Vlaquo 12-indc1 Howitzer Railway Mount Ftfoi-it Viev
VI 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Rear View
VII Recoil Cylinder Assembly
VIII Recuperator Assemblybull
IX Liquid Pump and Piping Arrangement
Xlaquo Liquid Pump Assembly
XIraquo Elevating Assembly
XII Foot lever Assembly
XIII Traversing Assembly
XIV Anti-frriction Device Assembly
XV Loading Assemblyraquo
XVI platform^Assembly Right Side
XVII Platform Assembly Left Side
XVIII Frame Assembly
XIX Air Brake Assembly Front
XE Air Brake Assembly Rear
XXI Lever Assembly Plan View
XXIIbull Lever Assembly Side View
XXIII Outrigger Assembly
YYIV Foundation Assembly
XXV Jack Assembly
23176--
- 6 shy
XXVI Equipment Assemblylaquo
XXVII Ammunition Crane Assembler
XXVIII Weight distribution diagram
XXIX Air Brake Cylinder Type D 10X12
XXX jampuailiary reservoir Type D
XXXI Centrifugal dirt collector
XXXII Truck Assembly
XXXIII Triple Valve K-2
XXXIVD Camcu Isgeraquo
XXXVC Car frame French couplers
XXXVIe Buffer Assembly
XXXVII Draft Gear Assembly
2317$
_^2-Jampich Bovitzer_R^
_Model of 1918
Section A - General Description
(a) Descript ionlaquo
Refer to plates I II III IV V and VI
for l i s t of pgta-ts with their piece mrks and the material of which they
are made see page
The mount is designed to permit the Howitzer to be traversed
through 360 degreoSy elevated from minus 5 to plus 60 degrees and fired
from 20 to 60 degrees
The principal parts of the mount are the base plate which is
a part of the car proper racer distance ring and traversing rcopyllers side
frames cradle recoil system recuperator system traversing and elevating
mechanisms elevation quadrant panoramic sight loading tray loading
and working platforms and car proper including body trucks brakes and
couplers together with outriggers floats jacks and foundation details
The base plate is a one piece casting used as the center secshy
tion of the car proper and bolted to the car frame on each end The
lower roller path is machined on the upper side and a pintle surface is
machined on the outer side of the vertical annular flange on the inner
side of this flange the traversing rack is bolted
The racer is cast in one piece and has i ts lover surface machshy
ined forming the upper roller path corresponding to the lower roller
path on the base plate The inner vertical surface is machined to form
the female part of the pintle The outer vertical surface is machined and
graduations are engraved forming an azimuth circle
23175
There are 640 divisions of 10 mils each the 0 graduation
being on the left side of the racer 45 degrees left of gear- Ihe
aximuth pointer is of gernian silver graduated from 0 to 10 mils and is
fastened to a builb up bracket bolted to the base plate Five clips
engaging the under side of the base plate flange and boltedto the
racer prevent any relative vertical movement o the racer with the base
plate Dust guards are bolted to the ou-ter surface of the racer preshy
venting dust and dirt from entering the traversing roller system and
pintle bearing
The traversing roller system consists of forty conical rollers t
held in a radial position by the distance ring1 and kept concentric with
the pintle by flanges on the inner edges of the rollers in contact vith
the inner edge of the roller path on the base ring Handy oilers are
located on the outsdde Vertical surface of tlje racer vith oil tubes
leading to continuous oil gutters cut in the distance ring for the disshy
tribution of oil to the rollers
The side frames are bolted to tkcopy upper surface of the racer
and held together by the front and rear transom this unit supports
the tipping parts of the mount
The cradle supported in the side frames by its trunnions
serves as a slide way for the hbvitzer when recoiling and carries the
recoil and recuperator systems bull The loading platform of structural
steel extends to the rear of the mount and is held in place by supports
fastened to the rear transom and side frames Tne platform is constructshy
ed with an opening in the center for the howitzer to recoil through
This opening is covered by a folding platform iji two sections connected
23176
mdash9mdash
together and to the loading plajtfora by hinges This platform is down
vu loading and folded back vhen firing On the right side of the
mount is the elevating platform which is folded in vhen traveling A
loading tray built up of structural steel is bolted to the goading platshy
form and is constructed to carry three projectiles at a tims Cranes
on the rear of the loading platform hoist the projectiles from the amshy
munition table on the car floor tothe loading tray i| shell trough placshy
ed in the breech of the Howitzer and resting on the loading tray is usdd
to slide the projectile and powder into the Howitzer The car has a cast
steel center vhlch serves as a base plate and roller path for the travershy
sing parts of the mount and structural steel ends all mounted on standard
six wheel trucks The car servesas a firing platform and transport
vehicle vihen in transport the entireweight rests upon the trucks in the
ordinary way but in firing the car is raised by jacks beams and cross-
t ies then placed underneath and the car lowered thereon relieving the
weight from the trucks The outriggers are then set out against the woodshy
en floats backed by the earth to resist the recoil when the howitzer is
fired
An ammunition trough and table are located on the car floor
and ammunition is brought from the ammunition car to the trough and slid
down to the table which holds seven projectiles
The recoil mechanism recuperator elevating and traversing
bullmechanism anti-friction device crane jacks outriggers trucks car
proper air brakes draft gear and ammunition table will each be desshy
cribed in detail later
2317
-10shy
(b) Operation
The piece i s la id in azimuth by the combined usec of the
panoramic sight or azimuth c i r c l e and the t raversing mechanism Elevashy
t ion is obtained by se t t ing the quadrant at the elevation required and
rota t ing the piece in elevation by the elevating mechanism
Upon f i r ing the Howitzer recoi ls in the cradle a maximum
distance of 375 inches carrying with i t the recoi l band and piston
pul l rods and plunger of the recuperator The energy of recoi l of the
howitzer is absorbedby the resistance which the f lu id in the hydraulic
cylinders offers in being forced through the openings past the pistonslaquo
A portion of the energy of recoi l suff icient to return the howitzer into
ba t t e ry i s absorbed by compressing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder
The return of the piece into bat tery is eased by bullbull-he action of the counter
reco i l buffers which force the f lu id from the cylinder heads through
the small clearance past the cylinder head bushings
SECTION B - RECOIL MECHANirM
Refer to Plate VII
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material
of which they are made see page
The recoi l system operates on th3vpoundrincipal of the hydraulic
brake and is designed to l imit the distance aid regulate the velocity
with which the howitzer moves to the rear when fired
A small portion of the reco i l energy is taken up by compressshy
ing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder but he greater portion is taken
up by tho resis tance the l iquid in the reco i l cylinder offers to being
forced through the or i f ices formed b the t h r o t t l i n g grooves The width
-11shy
of these grooves is uniform but the depth is proportioned so that ths
areas of the orifices varying with the position of the piston during
recoil will be such as to give with the air in the recuperator a conshy
stant resistance throughout the length of recoilbull
In front of the piston the piston rod is extended to form a
buffer This buffer is flatted so thqt the escape of liquid during
counter-recoil through the varying clearances between this and the reshy
coil cylinder head bushing will offer auch resistance as will control
the motion of the howitzer during its return to battery linen the fceccil
piston is in normal recoil position the end of the buffer is back in the
cylinder a distance about 17raquo375 inches from the cylinder head bushing
As the recoil piston travels towards the cylinder head during counter
recoil i t pushes some of the liquid ahead of it into th4 cylinder head
and Tahen the buffer reaches and begins to enter the cylinder head bushshy
ing the cylinder head is filled with the liquid
The recoil mechanism consists of two cylinders fitted in and
locked to cylindrical bosses on the under side of cradle by special nutsshy
Each is closed at the front end by a cylinder head and at the rear end by
a stuffing box The throttling grooves above referred to are three in
number symmetrically located with respect to the longitudinal axis of
the cylinder The piston rod projects through the rear of the cylinder
and is held in the recoil band by two nutsraquo The rear nut should be screwed
up lightly to allow the piston rod to adjust itself in the recoil band
When the piece is fired the piston and piston rod move to the rear with
the recoil band which is attached to the howitzer while the cylinders reshy
main stationary in the cradle A stuffing box with packing and follower
is used to make a tight joint between the piston rod and rear end of cylrU
in front of the stuffing box there is a leather washer which
prevents the l iquid in the cylinder from leaking through the threads
of the stuffing box and also during recoi l keeps the pressure of the
l iqu id from act ing d i rec t ly on the packing in the stuffing box The
cylinder head i s screwed into the front end of the recc i l cyl inder A
bushing i s screwed into the opening of the head to insure proper c learshy
ance for the buffer A tongue and groove with a lea ther washer makes a
t i gh t ftoint between the eylinder and head
_SfiCTION C - RECUPERATOR
Refer t o Plates VIII IX and X
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The recuperator consists of an a i r chanibrer a piston and i t s
packings a plunger and i t s yoke and pu l l rods The pietcn and plunger
s l i de in the cyl indr ica l part of the a i r chamberbull The pis-son rod has a
bearing in the front end of the plunger At t h i s end of th plunger a
yoke connects i t with the pu l l rods which in turn are fastened in the
front by a bracket and in the rear direct t o the reco i l band
The a i r chamber consis ts of a hollow cyl indr ica l forging open
in the front and closed in the rear The cy l indr ica l part in front in
wnich the piston and plunger moveS| i s f i t t e d with a lining of special
watert ight bronze The plunger i s of tfye same material as the l i ne r and
i s machined t o take the piston rod l iquidf and s tuff ing box The plunger
screwed to the yoke and secured by set scraws i s driven at recoi l by the
two pu l l rods which are fastened to the r s co i l band and t r ave l with i t
pu l l rodShave bearings in bushings fixed in lugs on the c rad le 1h3
2 7
-13shy
joint between the plunger and the liner is made tight by a leather
packing held in place by a stuffing box Flax packing held in the stuffshy
ing box by a gland makes the joint between the plunger and the stuffing
box tight A felt washer held by a steel ring and screwedvto the gland
prevents sand or grit from entering the plunger packings
The air chamber or recuperator cylinder plusmn3 locked in a cyshy
lindrical bO3s on the top part of the cradle by a cylinder clamp lock
Flattened places on the pull rod bushings matching up with similar ones
on the shoulder prevent the recuperator cylinder from rotating
The piston consists of a head of special watertight bronze
screwed on a steel rod Ihe front part of the rod is fitted with a bronze
casing and slides in a bearing in the plunge- Its threaded end beyond
the casing is fitted with a nut and washer limiting in the rear the disshy
placement of the piston with respect to the plunger Tallowed flax packshy
ing held by a bronze ring and piston washer held against this ring by
a follower make a tight joint between the piston and cylinder liner A
spring held in place by a nut pinned to the rod presses the f ollower
to the rear against the piston washer
The joint between the piston rod and plunger is similar to that
between the plunger and the cylinder liner
The space in front of the piston and in the plunger is filled with
a solution of glycerine and water the same as in the recoil cylinders
This liquid acts as a seal for the joint between the piston and the liner
and a stop between piston and plunger at counter-recoil
hi air valve body fitted with two needle valves one for filling
and one for emptying is screved in the rear end of the recuperator cylinlor
and connected by tubing to the air pipe connection on the cradle An cb- bull
-14shy
feube runs from this to the pressure gauge hi opening in th-e pipe
connection is used to attach the coiled tube when charging the cylinder
with a i r The opening is closed with a plug when not in use
At the front end of the recuperator cylinder a liquid valve
is bolted and connected by copper tubing to the liquid pipe connection
on the cradle Another tube runs from this to the pressure gauge and
a third to the liquid pump Liquid is poured into the pump through
the opening in the top and pumped through the tubing into the plunger
The liquid pump is fastened to a steel plate support to vhich
is also fastened the two pressure gauges This support is bolted to the
upper part of the cradle on the left sidebull
The pump consists of a pump case or reservoir for the solushy
tion of glycerine and water in the bottom of which is fixed the body
of the pump This contains the inlet valve the outlet valve and the
relief valve and the pump body nut A plunger operated by a lever crank
and link with bearings in the cover and body nut operate in the pump
body (see Plate X)
The relief valve screwed in the top of the pump body has a valve
stem relief spring and capraquo The relief spring is designed to allow the
liquid to blow off at from 2200 to 2500 lbs qpad insures no danampge to the
pump from excess back pressures This spring should never be tampered
with $e t- is adjusted by the manufacturer and tested to function at the
proper pressure If the liquid pump fails to function and there is
practically no resistance offered when the pump lever is operated it nhovs
that there is a back pressure of air in the mechanism To overcome this
disconnect the liquid pipe where i t joins the three way connoction on the
-15shy
of the cradle and operate the lever for a $ew strokes u n t i l l iquid
begins t o flow Reconnect the l iquid pipe to the three way connection
and pump l iquid into the recuperator plunger u n t i l the piston rod washer
just clears the rear gland
SECTION D - ELEVATING MECHANISM
Refer to Pirate XI and XJI
For l i s t of pstrts with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The elevating mechanism consis ts of an elevating rack attached
t o r ight side of the cradle meshing with a pinion which i s operated by
a handwheel through spur g e a r s The spur gearing is supported by the
gear p l a t e and side frame provided -with bronze bushings A band brake
with foot control i s provided to prevent any movement of t he t ipping par ts
when the gun i s f i r e d One turn of the handwheel clockwise elevates the
gun 192 degrees
Refer to Plate XXII
For l is t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page i
The t ravers ing mechanism consis ts of a c i rcular rack fastened to
the base ring and meshing with a pinion bullwhich 1s operated by a handwheel
through a worm and worm wheel The pinion meshing with the rack i s keyed
to the lower end of the v e r t i c a l t ravers ing shaft Tnis shafct has i t s
lower bearing in the t ravers ing shaft bracket ^jhich is bolted to the
racer and i t s upper bearing in the t ravers ing ^ear case which i~ bol-f-oa
t o the le f t side frame The worm whe 3i keyed so bhe upper end cf tho zy-ui
bull46shy
is in mesh with the worm which is keyed to the worm shaft The worn
shaft has both of i t s bearings in the gear case and a handwheel on one
end iThe worm wheel worm and worm shaft are inclosed in the gear case
1W gear case cover has a lug to take the leveling screw bearing pin of
the -sight
SECTION F r
Refer to Plate XXV
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The anti-friction device is designed to relieve the load of the
tipping parts from the main trunnion and ease the elevating and depressing
of the gun It donsists of tvo small trunnions bearing supports adjustshy
ing screws and Belleville springsraquo bull
The weight of the tipping partsr is supported on the small
trunnions and transmitted to the Belleville springs by the bearing supports
and seats The adjusting screvs are tightened up until the crdldle trun^ i
nions have a clearance in the s i i e frame bearings at a l l points This
makes the en t i re elevating load come on the small trunnions and reduces
the handwheel load When the Howitzer i s f i red the Bel lev i l le springs are
compressed and the f i r ing load comes on the side frame bearings
SECTION G - AMMUNITION CRANE f
Refer t o Plate XXVII
For l i s t of pa r t s with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they a r e made see page
Tvo ammunition cranes are bolted to the rear corners of tho
loading platform for use 3a hois t ing ammunition from the ground or amshy
munition t ab l e to the loading t ray bull 2 ampbullgt
For hpistang the 700-pound p ro jec t i l e the shot tongs should
be pdjined d i r e c t l y t o the open socket at the end of the wire-rope For
use with a heavier p ro j ec t i l e an extra sheave block vith a craaae hook
attached- i s provided The wire rope vith the open socket attached^ may
be passed through the blockj by removing one of the p la tes and pinning
t o the mast The shot tangs ^Should then be placed on the crane hook
These two arrangements are shown on p la te XXVII
A section through the drum gearing and f r ic t ion srafetyydevice^
i s shovai on p la te XXVII The cranks may be released with the load dji
any position^ and by v i r tue of the f r i c t i o n safety device the mechanism
wi l l not overhaul The pawl should at a l l times be lef t an mesh with the
ra tche t To insure proper functioning t h i s mechanism should be kept
well lubricated She cranks and the mechanism housed in the drum bracket
should- under no circumstances^ be dismantled in the f ield
l M CAR PROPERj
Refer to Plate XVIII
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Ihe car proper serves as a t ransport f or the travels ing par ts
of the mount outrigger f l o a t s foot p la tes and for the c ross t ies and
bu i l t up H-beams of the foundation platform Ihen lowered on the foundashy
t ion platform i t serves as an emplacement
The car proper consists of a drop frame type of bqdyj vith ends
b u i l t up of s t ruc tu ra l s t e e l p la tes and shapes vitha cast s t e e l center
mounted on tvo six-wheel railway trucks I t i s equipped with four screw
jacks which are used f i r s t t o ra i se the car suff ic ient ly t o allow ths
groundplatf orm to be placed in posit ion under i t and then t o lower uho
-18shy
car until i ts weight rests on the crossties and through them to the
built up H-beams which are spiked to the rail t i e s There are also ffi
outriggers which are set out against wooden floats sunkin pits and back-
ed by earth The outriggers serve to keep the mount stationary during
firing
The over-all dimensions of the car body ends which as stated
above are built up of structural steel shapes and plates are length
12 feet 75 inches width 8 feet 55 inches The underframe is comshy
posed of two center si l ls four intermediate s i l l s and four side siljs
connected to a base plate in the center of the car which forms the lower
level of the car body Ihese si l ls are tied together ^t each end by
channel and s i l l s and cross braced by a body bolster 5 feet 95 inches
from each end The floor plate covering the sil ls consists of four steel
platesbull A step and a hand hold or grab iron is provided at each corner
SECTION I - Trucks
Refer to Plate XXXII
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The trucks of which there are two are of built up type the
frame being made up of plates and steel castings The center portion of
the frame is a steel casting forming a bolster and is riveted to the side
pieces Separate MraquoCraquoBlaquo center plates are riveted to the top of the
bolsters- Side bearings consisting of steel plates held in position by
cast recesses are placed on 45-inch centers The vertical distance from
the side bearing surface to the center plate ie 275 inches Steel
ings are riveted to the side^plates which fern the pedestals
-19shy
Th e journals a re standard MCB amppound x 10 and 28-inch wheampls
of ro l l ed s t e e l are pressed on the a x l e s
The loading on the t rucks r s t ransmitted t o the journals by )
s emi -e l l i p t i c springs and equalizers The equalizers bear on the journal
boxes and t h e i r outer ends are supported by coi l springs held dn place by
the pedestal cast ings
Inside hung brakes are applied on four wheels of each truck
The brake beams are MCraquoB No 4 t russed type with shoes keyed to heads
The beams are hung from brackets cast on the t ruck frames Separate cast
s t e e l lugs are riveted on both sides of the bols ter for connecting the
dead lever guides on one side and the l ive lever guides on the1 other
J -VBRAKESJL
Refer to Plates XIX XX XXI XXII XXIX XXX XXXI XXXIII
For Lis t of pa r t s vith t h e i r piece narks and the materialsof
which they are rcade see page
The car i s equipped vith both hand and airbrakes operated by^the
same system of levers and so arranged tha t e i ther can be applied independshy
ently I t i s necessary to apply the handbrakes at each end separa te ly
The ai rbrakes are connected by the t r a i n l i n e pipe and operated simshy
ul taneous ly Detached brake cylinders and reservoi rs Westinghouse type
D 10 x 12 See p la tes XXIX and XXX) are provided with K-2 t r i p l e valves
(See p l a t e XXXIII)raquo There i s also a centr i fugal d i r t co l l ec to r (See p la te
XXXI) and the necessary pipes valves and connections for f re igh t car
equipment
P la tes XIX and XX show the arrangement of brake pa r t s a t e i ther
end of the mount From these pla tes i t w i l l be seen tha t the handbrakes
2317amp
-20shy
can be applied without disturbing the piston in the brake-cylindershy
the piston rod being made up of tubing in which the cylinder push rod
slides It will be further noted that the handbrake staff is connected
to a horizontal lever by means of a pull rod and chain The horizontal
lever is connected to the brake cylinder on one end andto the truck
live lever on the other end by means of rods and levers
The reservoirs are equipped with a valve operated by a rod
which can be pulled to release the air brakes quickly when desired
Ihe triple valve governs the flow of air allowing air to pass
from the train line into the reservoir and from the reservoir to the
cylinders liVhen pressure in the train line is reduced the triple valve
admits air from the reservoir into the cylinder and when pressure in the
train line is again raised the triple valve closes the passage of air
from the reservoir to the cylinder and at the same time allows the air
in the cylinder to escape into the atmosphere This automatically reshy
leases the brakes The reservoir is again recharged from the train line
to the required pressure These operations are effected by opening or
closing of ports in the triple valve by variations in the air pressure
A dirt collector located between the triple valve and the train
line collects dirt from the air before i t passes into the triple valve
The dirt thus collected may be blown out of the dirt collector by openshy
ing a valve at its bottom
_SEC_TION K - DRAFT GEAR AND FRTiNCH COUPLERS
(a) Draft Gear Refer t o p l a t e XXXVII
For l i s t of p a r t s vith t h e i r piece marks and the mater ia l of
which they are made see page bull
2317$
-21shy
The draft gear is known as the Westinghouse friction Type
The V-estinghouse friction parts are enclosed in a drum which is so applied
between cast steel draft lugs to receive the buffing and pulling shocks
The coupler is Gould Coupler Companys pattern Z-201
(b) To Couple the Car
One man-required Tools needed none Car pusher can be used if locomotive is not
available
(1) Set the handbrakes on car enough to keep-it from moving easily
when bumped
(2) Gpen the knuckle on car by lifting the handle of the uncoupling
lever This movement will f i r s t unlock the knuckle so i t can be pulled
open but continuing the movement of uncoupling lever will throw the
knuckle open without the necessity of going in front of or between the
cars When the knuckle of either car i s open i t is only necessary to
Erring the cars together until the open knuckle closes aftd i t will lcopyck
aut orcat ic al 1 y
(c) To uncouple car
(l) Raise the uncoupling lever on one car enough to release the
knuckle and the cars may be pulled apart
(d) French Coupler - Refer to Plates XXXV and XXXVI
For l i s t of parts wiflitheir piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page bull
The bumper blOGks are of white oak each secured to the end s i l l
channels by six 1-inch diameter and two 15-inch diameter bolts To
these blocks the buffers safety chains and parts of the draft hooks are
fastened as shovai on Plate XXXV
The screw couplers safety chains and buffers conform to the
standard now adopted for US Government freight cars in France With
t h i s arrangement and when the car i s connected to the ammunition car
or some other car the couplers draw them together producing compression
in the buffer spr ings
At each end of the car there are two different types of buffers
one with a f l a t buffing surface and the other with a curved surface
Similar buffers are located diagonally opposite on the car in order that
when the cars are coupled together the f l a t buffer of one car will butt
against the curved buffer of the next car This i s done to prevent
damage to buffers when t ra in is rounding a curve
The buffrer housing which contains the compression spring and
ac ts as a guide for the buffer i s bolted to the bumper block by four
bol ts bull A buffer p la te however i s placed between the buffer housing and
the bumper block to give a bet ter bearing surface The large end of the
spring referred to above res ts against a c i rcular p la te and the small end
against the buffer In order to prevent the spring from pushing these
tvo apart a 1875-inch diameter pin is provided which has a head at one
end amdl a t the other end a key projecting through the pin and a collarlaquo
The above mentioned c i rcular p la te se ts up into the buffer housing fqr
enough to allow clearance between the bumper block and the buffer plate
for the col lar and key but i t is prevented from being pushed back by a
cast s t ee l ring bolted to the buffer p l a t e
The draft hook projects through the bumper block end s i l l and
cast s t ee l draft spring stop to a cast s t ee l block which is held to i t by
a nut and s p l i t pin This l a t t e r block i s guided by lugs on the center
23175
sampll and takes the thrust of the compression spring which is seated
at i t s large end on tho draft spring stop rivetedto the center s i l l
of car The draft hook is also guided by another cast steel block restshy
ing against the1draft hook plate and bolted to a bumper block The
shoulders of the draft hook butt up- against this block when released
thus stopping i ts inward motion
The screw coupling is fastened by a pin vith cotter to a
hole in the draw hook It consists of the yoke attached to the draw
hook a clevis for hooking to the next car and a right and left hand
screw to draw the yokes and clevis togetherbull Attached to the middle
of the screw is an arm with a ball at the end which is used as a handle
to operate the screw The right hand threads on one side of this handle
screws through a pin holding the y6kes together The left hand threads
on the other side of the handle screw through a similar pin connected to
the clevis These pins are held in place by cotter pins A screv couplshy
ing is provided at each end of the car but when the train is made -up
only one coupling is used at each connection Mien not in use the loose
end of the coupling is swung on a hook attached to the draft hook plate
under the bumper blocks
Safety chains one on either side ox the draft hook serve as a
coupling in case the screw coupling or draw hooks are out of order These
consist each of a chain and hook fastened to car by an eye bolt The eye
bolt passes through the bumper block and end s i l l and are held in place
by nuts with a split pin To allow a l i t t l e give to the chain four spring
washers are inserted between the end s i l l channel and the nutraquo A cast
steel guide bolted to the bumper block acts as a stop and guide for the
23176
eye bolts and chain
(e) To Couple Cars Refer to Plate XXXVIlaquo
One man required Tools needed^ none
Car pusher can be us 3d if- locomotive is not available
(1) Set hand brako on stationary car (not completely but enough
so that car will move only slightlyif bumped) and bring the cars as
clc-Sff together as buffers will allow
(2) Stampndlig LeUveen cars inside of buffers l i f t one of the screw
couplings from the hook under bumper block and hook staple on draft hook
of other car (if the staple does not reach the hook the coupling will
have to be lengthened by turning the screw with handle)
(3) Tighten screw until there is just enough compression in the
draft hook and buffer springs to make cars ride easily The screw can
be turned easily by raising the ball attached to end of handle in the
proper direction until i t will fal l by i t s own weight thus completing
one turn By repeating above operations the required amount of turns
can be made
(4) Hook the safety chains of one car to the chains of the other
car (5) Connect a ir hose and open angle cock
(6) Release handbrake
(f) To Uncouple Cars
Reverse the process of coupling described above taking care
that the screw coupling is screwed a l l the way out before the staple is
hung on the hook
2317$
^ JL- JACKS
Refer to Platcopy XXV
(a) For l i s t 03 par ts vith t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Four bu i l t in jack screws are located in the corners of the
base p la te d i rec t ly above the r a i l s of a standard gauge t rack
Each jack consists of a ram screw nut r screw gear pinion
pinion stud ratchet pawl ratchet housing and lever
The rain carr ies a nut into which the screw works On the upper
end of the screw i s a screw gear meshing with a pinion on the pinion s tud
A ratchet meshing vith the pinion is turned by a ratchet pawl attached to
the ratchet housing which in turn i s bull operated by a long hand lever
There are two jack blocks 9 inches wide 8 inches high and 5
feet 6 inches long provided vith each ca r These blocks placed across
the r a i l s act as bearings for the jacksraquo In order to raise the car the
jack blocks are placed across the r a i l s so-that the two jackscrews at
each end wil l rest upon them
Four 20-inch 25-ton auxi l iary jacks having a t o t a l r i s e of 9
inches are carried on each railway car and weight-approximately 95 pounds
ea[ch They can be used for emergency purposes or in case the regular
jacks are out of ordershy
(b) To ra ise mount with screw jacks refer to plate XXV
Two men required on each set of jacks (four if both ends of car are to be raised)
Tools needed 4 Jack levers bull
2317 6
(1) Place jack blocks across rails under jacksf The faces
of the block with the bearing surfaces should be next to the rail and
jack screws
(2) Turn jack lever until ends of jack screw bear on the jack
blocking Be sure the jack blocking is correctly placed so as to give
good bearing- 011 rails and continue turning levers until car is high
enough to permit the foundation stringer to be placed under the base
plate then put isu the foundation cross beams
(c) To Lower Car Refer to plate XXV
Reverse procedure as outlined in (b) above
(d) To Raise mount with auxiliary jacks Refer to plate XXV
Two men required Tools needed
4 Auxiliary Jacks
4 Wood blocks about 4 x 4 x 4
(l) Arrange blocking directly under seats of t i e rod bracket
castings The top of this blocking should be about 9 inches below the top
of the rai l in order to get the jacks under the mount
(2) Place auxiliary jacks on these blocks arrange pawl so that
jack will raise when handle is lowered insert handle in socket and raise
by pumping until jack engages with lower surface of base plate Operate
jacks until mount is raised sufficient to place foundation
(3) Remove jacks after foundation is placed
jBCTION M - F0I3N DATION
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXIV
The foundation i s intended to take the load off the car
trucks and t ransfe r i t d i rec t ly to the ground through r a i l t i e s 23176
- 2 7 shy
I t i s nade up of four cross beams which support the side
intermediate and center s i l l s of the car and which in turn transmit the
to t-70 l inos of H-b earns placed para l le l to and outside of the r a i l s
on each side of the track Each l ine of beams is composed of two separate
channel irons bolted to each other and Spiked with screw spikes to the
r a i l t i e s in order to prevent movement
The material for the foundation platform is stored on car in
f rent of ammunition t r a y On the car the H-beams are placed at r ight angles
to the t r ack In tack of the beams the cross t ies are placed These beans
and cross t ies are blocked in front by the outrigger brackets in back by
the loading t rays and on the sides by the outriggers On top of the cross-
t i e s the jack blocks are placed These are held in place by fastening the
rope attached to them to the loading tray legs
(b) To place for f i r i n g - Refer to Pla te XXIV
men needed-
Tools required
3 - 2 x 4 timbers about 3 long for parrying H-b earns
1 - Wrench double 0625 and 0laquo75 U43F
The t rack at the location where the gun is to be placed should be
previously prepared The r a i l s should be leveled up and the ba l las t tamped
well under the t i e s
(1) Remove foundation jack block from car platform and place across
the r a i l s with center l ines d i rec t ly under the screw jacks
(2) Raise the car by means of the screw jacks (See Sect L Division
b
2317 6
-28shy
(3) Remove foundqtion stringers from car platform two to be
placed on either side of the track
(4) Place the stringers under the flange of the base plate as
near the rai l as possible and parallel to the track with the ends of the
stringers on either side of the track approximately opposite each other
(5) Connect the stringers at the center by four 75 x 1375
bolts bull
(6) Remove the cross beans from the car platform
(7) Flace the cross beams under the side sillsr of the car restshy
ing on the foundation stringere
(8) Lower the car by means of the screw jacks until the center
portion of the base plaite rests on the foundation stringers and the ends
of the side intermediate and center s i l ls rest on the cross beams
(9) Screw up jacks until they clear blocking by at least one half
inch before firing
(c) To Disassemble foundation and load for carrying
8 men required Tools neededs
1 wrench double raquo625 and 75 U43F 2 Track wrenches 4712C 1 Crowbar 1243A
To disassemble reverse procedure outlined in (b) above
To load the material on car platforms for carrying proceed as follows
(1) Place crossties on car platform against ammunition tablet
The ends of the crossties should be perpendicular to the tracks
(2) Place H~beams with webs vertical next to crossties
(3) Place jack blocks on crossties and lash to legs of ammunition
table 23170
SECTION N - OUTRIGGERS
( a ) Description Refer to Plate XXIIIbull
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the mat copyrial of
which they are made see page
There are eight outriggers furnished with e^ch mount which
form braces to prevent the mount from tipping over or from sl iding on
the foundation -platform when the gun isrbeing f i r ed
The four end outriggers which are fastened both when and
when not in use to a socket on the side of the car should be used ^ien
the gun i s f ired vith in the sector 45 degrees to the r ight or to the
l e f t of the longitudinal center l ine of the car They are each rnade up
of 6-inch hot drawn Shelby s tee l tubing vith an adjusting scifcew on one
end and an eye and pin on the other The adjusting screw has a ba l l on
the end and can be screved in or out of the nut s t ru t end with a s tee l
rod which f i t s into holes provided next t o the b a l l The fixed end of
the outrigger res ts in asocket casting on the car side and the ball of
the adjusting screwscrests in the foot p la te used to d i s t r ibu te the load
over the wooden f l o a t From the nut s t ru t end to a bracket on the car
d i rec t ly below the outrigger bracket is a t i e rod As the center l ine of
the outrigger s t ru t does not pass through the trunnions of the gun there
i s an overturning tendency when the gun is f i red normal to track The
purpose of the t i e rod i s to counteract t h i s tendency
The four side outriggers which are also fastened to a socket
on the side of the car should be used when the gun is f i red within the
sec tor 45 degrees to the r ight or l e f t of a cross center l ine of the ca r
23176
They ar4 the same in every respect as the end outriggers
The footplates are of cast steel and are used to transmit the
thrust from the struts to the f loats Their lower surfaces are smooth
and the upper parts have sockets to receive the ball ends of the struts
Each float is built up of two layers of Mocking so as to disshy
tribute the ioad from the strut over 20 square feet of ground surface
The lower layer is composed of fine white oak blocks and the upper layer
of three blocks a l l bolted togetlis3raquo There are two angle guides bolted
to the upper surface of the floats for guiding the foot plates
Mien not in use the floats and footplates are placed on the
car platform The floats are piled in an inclined position against the
ammunition trough in the rear of the car The footplates are piled on
the front platform of the car qgnd lean against the ammunition table
The float lashingi for holding the floats in position (See
Plate XXVl) while in transit is composed of five wire ropes fastened toshy
gether by steel rings and turnbuckles When the floats are loaded in
traveling position two of the wire ropes held together by a turnbuckle
are passed around the lower part of the floats and secured to the amshy
munition table by steel rings At the upper part of the float two more
wire ropes are passed around also held together by turnbuckles and seshy
cured to the ananunition table by steel rings The upper lashing is held
in place by the angles on the sides and by another wire rope in the rear
fastened to the platform Turning the turnbuckles tightens the ropes and
holds the floats in place
The footplate lashing for holding the foot plates in position
vhile in transit is composed Of one wire rope with a hook on one end and
23176
- 3 1 shy
a tumbuckle on the other Illhen the pla tes are loaded in traveling posishy
t ion the rope i s fastened to the lower angle of the ammunition tab le and
run diagonally along the foot p la tes from the bottom rear to tfre top front
Ihey are prevented from sl iding forward by an-angle at the f ron t Turning
the turnbuckle t ightens the rope and holds the pla tes in p lace
The s t ru t s and end t i e rods are fixed permanently to the sockets
on the mount and vdien not in use are swung around and hung on the side of
the mount bull The center t i e rods are taken off and placed on top of the
loading platform in back of the front ammunition t a b l e
(b) To Place an End Outrigger for F i r ing
Six men required
Tools needed 2 - 2raquo x 6 inch boards 8 f t long 1 - s l ing of rope about 30 f t long 2 - Shovels 8819A 2 - Picks U51A 1 - Long handled shovel 1 - Axe U51D 1 - 0875 diameter x 24 rod to turn s t r u t adjusting screwshy1 - Crowbar 1243A 1 - Hammer U48F 1 - 2 x 4 timber about 5 long f^rtftatepiftg earth 1 - Rule 1 - Tape measure 4 - Stakes
1 - 1 x 2 board exactly 90 inches long
(1) Move t i e if necessary and lay off oblong on ground 60 x 35
so that one corner of the long side is 56 from center of mount and 28
from center l i ne of trucks and the other corner will be 108 from center
l i ne of mount and 68 from center l ine of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pplusmnb u n t i l sides meet at a depth of 90 from top
of car platform
23176
(3) Loosen up turn bustle of footplate lashing^ and remove a l l foot
plates from platform and place them on ground in a convenient place
(-) Uohooi float lashing and throw to one side away from f loats
Fasten sling around upper f loat Slide i t dovn skids to ground and place
i t in p i t with i t s under surface resting on rear or sloping part of pi t
and with angles s t i l l horizontal
(5) Place a foot plate vdth i t s under surface bearing in the center
and between angles on the f loa t
(D) Lift outrigger strut out of carrying bracket and swing i t arround
on the socket casting and turn adjusting screw up in the strut so as to
isike i t as short as possible If i t is difficult to turn the adjusting
screw the 875 inch diameter rod should be used which f i t s in the holes
next to the ball-end Swing end of outrigger around until the ball is
right over socket of foot plate and turn adjusting screw out until the ball
bears against socket and causes compression in the strut
(7) Remove t i e roduf rom car and fasten to strutbull Turn the tumshy
buckle until rod is t igh t
(8) Pile earth against the part of under surface of float which
projects above the ground level tamping well to give a good bearing for
the whole under surface of float
(c) To Place a side Outrigger for Firing Refer to Plate XXIII
Six men required
Tools needed Same as for (b) above
( l ) Lay off oblong on ground 60 x 55^ so that one oorner of the
long side is IQOfl from center line of mount and 128 back from center line
23176
- 3 3 shy
of trucks and the other end Ls 155 from center line of mount and 128
back from center line of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pit until sides meet in the center of the pit at
a distance of 90 from the top of car platform
(3) Place floats and foot plates in the same manner as for end outshy
riggers
(4) Swing outrigger from mount and turn adjusting screw out until
the ball end bears against sOcket and causes compression in the strut
(5) Remove center t ie rods from car platform and connect to t ie rod
studs ^lowing rod to drop down to lugs on lower part of outrigger beam
and adjust turnbuckle until pin can be inserted in the holes in lugs
(6) Pile earth agpoundpoundnst part of under surface of float which projects
above the ground levellaquo tamping well to give a good bearing for the vhole
surface of floatbull
(7) Remove remaining floats if there are any from end car platshy
form and place them in a convenient place out of the my
(d) Tos Adjust Screw on Outriggers Refer to Plate XXIII
Qne man required
Tools needed
bull875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B
After the gun has been fired i t may be |ound that the outriggers
have packed the earth under the float and that the struts do not bear
firmly against the foot plates After every firing the adjusting screws
should be turned out if necessary in ordefr to make firm bearing As
stated above the adjusting screw should be turned out by means of the
bull875-inch rods which f i t in holes next to the ball end of the strut
23176
bull - 3 4 shy
(amp) To Adjust Floats Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed bull875 diameter by 24-inch rod 106B 1 Crowbar 1243A
If the movement of earth under the floats continues as the
firing goes on until the adjusting screws have reached their outward limit
earth or blocking will have to be placed under the float to give a new
bearing surfacelaquo To do this proceed as follows
(1) Turn adjusting screw up in the struts as irar as i t will go
(2) With crowLars move the foot plates and floats up tovyard the
car keeping their inclination the same as before
(3) Hold the floats in this position by means of wedges and f i l l in
the back of floats with earth or blocks until the whole under surface of
the floats have a firm bearing
(4) Turn adjusting screw out again to give compression in the strut
I t may be necessary also to adjust the length of t ie rod on side outriggers
which can be done by turning turn buckle
(f ) To Place Had Outrigger strut for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed
0875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B Hammer U48F
(1) Remove pin with spli t pin holding end t i e rod to outrigger
strut swing t i e rod around and hang i t on bracket on side of the mount
(2) Turn adjusting screv up on the strut as far as i t vail go
Swing free end of strut around and hanamp i t on bracket on side of mount
23176
- 3 5 shy
(g) To Place Sidcopy Outrigger for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII-
Four men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F -875-inch by 24-inoh rod 106B
(1) Remove pin connecting side t i e rod to outrigger s t r u t remove
t i e rod from bracket and place on car platform (see Plate XXIII)bull
(2) Turn adjusting screw of s t r u t up as far as i t wi l l go- thus
allowing s t ru t to swing free of foot p l a t e shy
(3) Lift free end of s t ru t and swing around on to top of base
p la t e inside of outrigger support
(h) To Place Floats and Foot p la tes for carrying - Refer to
Plate XXVI
Six men required
Tools needed 1 sl ing of 1-inch rope about 30 f t long 1 wrench double 0625 and 0raquo75 U43F 1 pinch bar i crowbar 1243A
(1) Lay foot p la tes to one side raise f i r s t f loa t with crowbar
and then s l ide f loat up skids on to rear platform of car Place f loat
vith long side against ammunition trough and angle side out angles benjig
v e r t i c a l (See Plate XXVI)
(2) Place second i l o a t as abovevwith the under surface of same
res t ing against the angles of the f i r s t f loa t bull
(3) Continue loading f loa t s as in (2) un t i l the l a s t one has been
placed on the mount
(4) Last f loa t s together as described in (a)raquo
23176
-36shy
(5) Place foot p la te on le f t front of car in inclined position
res t ing against ammunition table
(6) Continue loading remaining foot p la tes ampa in (5) un t i l the
l a s t one has been placed on the mount
(7) Laah foot p la tes together as described in ( a )
SECTION 0- - AMMUNITION HANDLING
Refer to Plates XV and XXVII
A t r i p l e x block lowers the ammunition from the ammunition car in
the rear of the mount to the ammunition trough bolted to the platform of
the Howitzer c a r The upper surface of the t ray is bu i l t on an incl ine
do that the ammunition can be s l i d on to a t a b l e This table wil l hold
seven p r o j e c t i l e s The crane (See Sect G ) ho is t s the ammunition from
the table to the loading t ray on the traversing part of the mount ampa inshy
cl ine trough extends from th i s t ray to tike breech of the Howitzer- Two
men then push the pro jec t i l e down the inclined surface into the breech of
the howitzer
ggCTION PVr MUZZLE SUPPORT
(a) Description Refer to Plates I and II
For l i s t of par ts with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The gun when traveling i s held firmly to the mount by a muzzle
support and band The muzzle of the gun res t s on the muzzle support which
in tum is supported by the ammunition trough A wire rope i s passed over
the muzzle and to the ammunition trough by a band latch and hinge On
one end of the vire rope a stud i s fastened in an open socket This stud
f i t s in a hole in the band latch and has a nut on i t By tightening th is
23176
laquo-37shy
nut the rope holds the muzzle- of the gun on the muzzle block
(b) To Place Muzzle Support
One man required
Tools needed 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s 1 - wrench double 0375 and 1 U4-3G
( l ) Depress gun to 0 degrees elevation and traverse to 0 degrees
azimuth having muzzle support block in place
(3) Place gun band over muzzle of gun and fasten to band hinge on
One side and band labrh stud on other side
(3) Screw up nut on band latch stud un t i l band is t igh t on muzzle
of gun
SECTION Q_raquo_ - CHESTS
One tool chest and two armament chests are carried with each mount-
They are made of 062-inch s tee l reinforced by angles on the outsidebull The
p la tes are flanged a t the corners to connect to adjacent p l a t e s Two f l a t
s t raps riveted to the bottom by countersunk r ivets serve to protect the
bottom of the chest
The covers are hinged t o the back of the chests and have catches
On e i ther side to hold them open The coders are locked by a lock bolt
a t each side and by Yale lock in the middle The chests are equipped with
handles on each end
The tool chest i s 4C-inches long 20-inches wide and 24-inches
h igh I t is equipped vith one t ray which res ts on shelf angles This chest
i s carried on the r ight end platform of the mount alongside of the loading
trough when t r a v e l i n g Lug angles bolted to the floor p la tes prevent i t
from shift ing
23175
The armament chests are 4G~inches long 20-inches wide and 12shy
inches high They are equipped with two trays placed on top of each
bdquobull -rltA supported on tne chest bottom
bullWhen the mcunt is traveling these chests are placed on the front
of the car platform just in back of the ammunition t a b l e They are held
in t h i s position with angles which are bolted to the floor p l a t e s
The chests should be removed from mount when in f i r ing position
and placed in some convenient p lace
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXXIV
The mount may be camouflaged using the five color system
following the foliage design vith color key in black and white shown on
Pla te XXXIV
The object of th i s method of painting is to break up the lamprge
surfaces into a number of small sections so as to produce the appearance
of a c lus ter of shrubbery vith patches of l ight and shadow
To completely camouflage the mount i t should be covered with a
semi-transparent camou1 lagcopy canopy of ten t form similar to that used for
tljre 12-in oh Gun Railway Carriage shown on drawings Class 85 Division 22
Drawings 1 2 and 3raquo
(b) Pa)ntslaquo
The pa in ts to be used are the Q Government Camouflage Paints
prepared for the five color sjrstem and in the proportion as follows
applied over a coat of Ordnance Grey and never on bare metal
123455
Brown Yellow Cream Green Mauve Black
No 4041 4C42
4043 4044 4046 4045
-10 3 5 10 2 1
par ts
bullbull deg 23176
- 39shy
Th e paiat numbers referred to above are the US Government
Paijit numbers The parts referred to indicate the relative amounts of
paints of the different colors which will be required to camouflage one
12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount
Each color for convenience should be furnished for use in one
gallon friction top cans with handle Paints should be furnished in the
cans mixed ready for use Mien paint becomes too thick and i t is necessary
to thin use ^linseed oil and turpentine for that purpose being careful
not to use too much turpentine
(c) To Apply the Paint
To apply the paint the surface should be free of all sand
cinders dirt and oil Paint formerly applied and adhering firmly to the
surface need not be removed The section to which the different colors
are to be applied are then laid off in accordance with the design shown
on Plate
After the mount has been properly marked off into the different
sections the colors should be carefully applied care being taken to inshy
sure an even smooth coatf After the different colors have been applied
the lines where the colors meet should be covered with a black band about
one and one quarter inches wide Rrecautions should be taken to see that
the paint is dry and hard before permitting anything to come in contact
with the painted surface
(d) To Remove Paint
The paint may be removed by turpentine or by the use of a paint
torch if care is taken in the use of the flame
pound3 L7
-40shy
MAINTMANCE OFJEHE
SECTION A - Care of Recoil Mechanism
(a) The recoil cylinder should be emptied and refilled once every
three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months or ofterier if
conditions require i t
The liquid inithe recoil cylinder is a solution of esectual parts
glycerine and water- The density of the liquid should be 115 and should
have a neutral or alkaline reaction oaused by adding caustic soda or
caustic potash chemically pure A hydrometer which is kept in the arshy
mament chest whennot in use is furnished to test the solution for densityraquo
This liquid should be filtered through a clean piece of muslin or linen
before using Ihe glycerine should be kept in closed cans provided for
the purpose and be carefully protected from dirt sand and g r i t Liquid
drawn from cylinders and containing sediment must not be used again until
i t has been allowed to set t le for not less than 24 hours
(b) To dismount recoil mechanism Refer to Plate VII
The dismounting of the recoil mechanism should never be undertaken
in the f ield
Four men required one cylinder at a time
Tools neededWrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Buckets Can Screw drivershy U45W gt Wrench single 425 nuts U596D Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower
lt
U596A Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C Wrench recoil cylinders U596B
(1) Elevate the Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plug and drain
liquid from cylinder into buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders
(2) Remove looking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
iod nuts rear
(3) Remove air from recuperator by unscrewing emptying valve on
rear end of recuperator cylinder
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug on the recoil band clears
the end of piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nut front
(5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rod remove follower
gland and packing and screw follower and stuffing box back into the
cylinder
(6) Remove cylinder head weight 174 pounds
(7) Draw piston rod vith piston out through cylinder head end of
cylinder The weight of piston rod vith piston is approximately 392 pounds
care should therefore be used in handling itraquo
(8) Unscrew recoil cylinder and slide cylinder out The cylinder
weighs 628 pounds
(9) Stuffing box follower and leather vasher rray be removed Lockshy
ing screw need not be removed
(c) To Assemble Recoil Mechanism Refer to Plate VII bull
The assembling of the recoil mechanism should never be under
taken in the field
Four men required
Tools needed Wrench recoil cirlinders U596B Screw driver U45S Wrench recoil cylinders U595B Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
- 4 2 shy
Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U595D Screw driver U45W Wrench double 0625 and075 U43F Hand mallet U47AN bull Brass rod 0312 (516) diameter by 12 inches Glycerine and water solution (either new or used) Hydrometer (if solution is new) Filling funnel Can
6 rings of 0375 inch Garlock packing
(1) Insert recoil cylinder in cradle and push i t through until
threads on cylinder come in contact with threads on cradle- Turn cylinder bull
with wrench on flats at stuffing box end until cylinder flange bears fineshy
ly on cradle andnotch in flange at stuffing box end lines up with hole
in cylinder for locking screw
(2) Screw locking screw in cradle
(3) Insert piston rod in cylinder and place leather washer stuffing
box washer stuffing box with gland and follower in place and piston
rod nut (front) on rod when it is pushed through stuffing box end of tcyshy
linder Screw stuffing box in place and ppoundsh piston rod to rear through
recoil band advancing piston rod nut until the distance from the end of
the threaded end of rod to the rear end of cylinder equals 24375- - 001
inches 1
(4) Look the front and rear piston rod nuts
(5) Pack the stuffing box as per instructions erection A division e
(6) With leather washer and recoil cyiinderhead bushing in place
screw on cylinder head v
(7) Fill cylinder vith the glycerine and water solution using f i l l shy
ing funnel prescribed as per instructions section A division d
(d) To Fil l ret oil cylinders Refer to Plate VII
- 4 3 shy
Two men required
Tools needed Wrenchj double 0raquo625 and 075 U43F Pilling Funnel Glycerine and water solution (either new or used)
Hydrometer (if solution is new)
(1) Set Howitzer at 0 degree with recoil band against stops on
cradle and remove filling plugs
(2) In3ert fi l l ing funnel ampnd f i l l to overflowing with solution
of glycerine and water Allow escape of air ref i l l remove funnel and
screw filling plugs tight
(e) To Pack Stuffing Box- Refer to Plate VII
One man required
Tools needed Spanner wrench stuffing box follower- U596A Hand mallet U47AN 60 rings of 0375-inch Garlock packing Screw driver U45W Wrench single 425 nuts U50D Wrench box U423D Brass rod 0312 (5l6) diameter by 12 inches Can
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs and drain
liquid from cylinders to buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders Elevate
Howitzer to 0 degree elevation
(2) Allow air to escape from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing
exhaust stem in valve rear end of cylindershy
(3) Remove locking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug 033 the recoil band clears
the end of the piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nuts
front
-44shy
5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rodj remove follower
guand and packing screw stuffing box back into cylinder and discard
any of the packing that is unfit for use If any is used to repack i t
should be put in after new
(6) To repack put on the piston rod one ring of the packing and shy
force i t well to the bottom of the stuffing box by brass rod and malletlaquo
Treat each ring of packing in the same manner beingcareful to break
joints until three rings of new packing or an equal amount of new and
old packing have been inserted Enter the gland and follower in the box
and soreyen up t ight
(7) Screw piston rod nuts (front) on rods slide Howitzer forward
put piston rod nuts (rear) on and add locking screws
(8) Fill recoil cylinder as prescribed in section A division (d)
(9) Fill recuperator cylinder with air as prescribed in-section B
division (d)
The addition of the leather vasher around the piston rod in front
of the stuffing box allows less force to tighten the follower than if it
were the plain packing
The follower should be tightened up from time to time If i t is
screwed into the stuffing box too tightly an unnecessary amount of fricshy
tion will be produced On the rod Hi en the follower is screwed 4n until
the flange strikes the box i t should be repacked
(f) To Clean Recoil Cylinders
This operation should not b3 undertaken in the field
Three men required Tools needed
Wrench double 0525 and 075 U43F Buckets Can bull
Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower U596A Screv driver U45W Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U596D Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
Plumbers hand force pump with hose
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs drain liquid
into buckets^ and elevate Howitzer to 0 degree
(2) Remove locking screws frrom piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(3) Release followers a few turns remove cylinder heads weight
174 pounds each apd draw out piston rods as prescribed in section A
division (b)
(4) Thoroughly clean cylinders vith kerosene oil forced into both
ends with pump and wipe the interiors dry with clean waste Clean the
piston rod and cylinder heads
(5) Replace piston rod cylinder heads and tighten follower Screw
nuts in place on piston rod and lock
SECTION B - Care of Recuperator
(a) In general Refer to plate VIII bull
The recuperator cylinder and plunger should be emptied and reshy
fil led onpe every three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months
or of tenor if conditions require itlaquo
The liquid in the plunger is the same as that in the recoil
cylinder (See section A division (a) second paragraph)
The in i t ia l pressure of the air$ with Howitzer in lottery should
be 1550 pounds per square inch and of the liquid 1700 pound per equate
inch The pressures are indicated by the pressure gauges on the su^poi-
2 b _ bullbullbull
- 4 6 shy
vith the pump If the pressure of the air is not sufficient to reshy
turn the howitzer to tattdry at maximum elevation 60 degrees and if the
plunger is not full of liquid pump glycerine solution into plunger until
either normal pressure or a full plunger is obtained provided that the
variation from 1550 pounds per square inch is small
If this variation islarge connect the compressed air tank and
raise the pressure in the air chamber The amount of space between the
rear face-of tige washer on the front end of the piston rod and the front
face of the stuffing bampx gland indicates the amount the pistonjhas moved
toward the plunger caused by leakage of the liquid When this distance
equals approximately 5875 inches the piston is resting against the plunger
the plunger must be refilled with liquid before this condition exists or
serious darcage will be done There should always be a space between the
rear face of the washer and the front face of the gland even vhen plunger
is full of liquid Because if the washer is against the gland there is
nothing to indicate that the liquid pressure is balanced by the air pressure
and any excess liquid pressure may damage the piston rod
The pull rod bearings in cradle should always be well lubfcicsated
(b) To Dismount Recuperator Refer to Plate VIIIbull
This operation should never be done in the field unless i t becomes
absolutely necessary The Howitzer must not be elevated while the re-
cup erfi t or is dismounted
Five men required
Tools needed Wrench box U423D Spanner wrench U423E Wrench double 125 and 15 U--33A Screw driver U45AN
- 4 7 shy
Cocket wrench U422G Handle U422H Socket wrenchU422D
bullWrench double 0875 and 1 UltL-3G Wrench U423A Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Screw driver U45AE Socket wrenehi U422C
(1) With the Howitzer at 0 degrees open upper stem on l iquid
valve un t i l l iquid begins to escape then c lose
(2) Depress the Howitzer t o -5 degrees and secure by means of the
muzzle support
(3) Empty a i r from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing both steins
in a i r valve at rear end of cylinder I t i s very important t h a t - a l l the a i r
be allowed to escape before removing any p a r t s
(4) Slack off the front nuts on the large stuffing box at front end
r l recuperator cylinder in order to take the pressure off of the plunger
caused by the pqcking
(5) Push plunger and piston t o the rear with i t s yoke unt i l pul l
rod bushings are uncovered holding pul l rods in the i r original pos i t ion
-(6) Block up under plunger at a point just behind the yoke to
support plunger
(7) Remove lock screw in each yoke bushingbull
(8) Unscrew yoke bushingsbull
(9) Remove pull-rod bracket
(10) Push pul l rods to r ea r
(11) Remove yoke bushings
(12) Pull out the plunger piston rod and yoke which weigh about
500 pounds care being taken t o have these par ts centered at a l l times an
to protect the outer surface of plunger 2 j l lt bull
- 4 8 shy
(13) Remove piston-rod nut washer gland and stuffing box
rivaLl with packing and plunger l ea the r
(14) Draw out piston
(15) Disconnect a i r and liquid piping and remove l iquid valve
(16) Remove plunger protection ring f e l t rusher gland stuffing
box large with packing and plunger leather packing
bullbull(17) Remove set screw in cylinder clamp lock unscrew cylinder
clarnp lock and s l ide cylinder out to rear weight about 895 pounds bullbull
(c) To Assemble Recuperator Refer to Plate VI I I
This operation should never be undertaken in the f ie ld unless i t
becomes absolutely necessary
Five men required-
Tools needed
3 rings flax packing 30D Piston washer leather 30B Spanner wrench U423G Socket wrench U422C Socket wrench U422D Screw driver U45AN Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Wrench- U423A Wrench double 087 5 and 1 U43G Socket wrench U422G Handle U422H Screw driver U45AE Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench U423D 10Ting flax packing 27N and 28M 2 leather packing 27H and 28K I ras3 rod 0437 (716) diameter by 12 inches F i l l ing funnel Can 2 tanks of compressed air
-49shy
I (I) Slide cylinder into housing in cradle screw cylinder clamp
lock on front end of cylinder and lock vith set screw Cylinder weights
1040 pounds
() Place stuffing box gland leather packing and felt washer
on plunger and slide to front
(3) Assemble packing gland and washer to piston and place piston
rod in place in plunger
(4) Push piston and plunger into cylinderlaquo
(5) Pack stuffing box large and put nuts on studamp care being
taken to tighten up nuts alternately so packing bears properly (See
division (amp)bull)
(6) Push plunger to the rear screw yoke bushings on pull iods
and slide pull rods in place
(7) Put leather packing and stuffing box small in plunger and
put nuts on studs
(8) Pack stuffing box sir^H place gland in place and screvnuts
on studs care being taken to tighten up nutsalternately so packing
bears uniformly (see division (e)raquo)
(9) Place washer on end of pistorj- rod and screw nut against shoulder
lOJ Bolt liquid valve to cylinder and connect up air and liquid
piping
(II) Fill the plunger vith liquid connect up the air tank and
f i l l the cylinder vith a i r
(d) To f i l l recuperator cylinder Refer to Plate VIII
Five men required
Tools needed
-5Oshy
Box wrench U423A Wrench U423D Can Glycerine and water solution
Two tanks of compressed a i r
(1) Fill plunger with glycerine and water solution by means of
the pump and at the same time letting compressed air into the air chamshy
ber being careful to keep the liquid and air pressures balanced as inshy
dicated by projection of piston rod forward from stuffing box
When plunger is full there should be only a small space be-v
tween front face of stuffing box gland and rear face of washer at front
end of piston rod Never allow these twoitcopy come together
(2) To f i l l the air chamber -the following has to be done- Connect
upoundgt the air tank with the air pipe connection by the copper tubing open
the valve on the tank then open the valve on the air cylinder Two tanks
are usually sufficient to run the air pressure in recuperator cylinder up
to 1700 pounds per square inch others or parts of others may be used if
necessary
(e) To pack stuffing boxes Refer to plate VIIIbull
One ring of packing is placed in stuffing box and forced well
to bottom with braks rod and mallet Treat each ring of packing in the
same manner being careful to break joints until the five rings have been
inserted Nuts on studs should be screwed tight against glandsraquo 1
TOien repacking these stuffing boxes recuperators must be dis-
mounted (see section B division (b) ) sufficiently to get the packing
out -Any of the old packing that is unfit for use should be discarded-
If any of the old is used to repack i t should be put in after the new
The addition of the leather washers around the piston r^d ampi
plunger in the rear of the stuffing boxes allows less fcrcc to tghJ-en
-51shy
the glands than if i t were the plain packing
The nuts around the glands should be tightened from time to time
If the glands are pressed too tightly into the stuffing boxes an unshy
necessary amount of friction will be produced on the plunger and rod When
the glands are pushed in until they strike the stuffing boxes they should
be repacked
(f) To clean recuperator cylinder and plunger Refer to Plate
See Section B division (b)
This should never be undertaken in the field except in case
of absolutenecessity V i x
Dismount the recuperator thoroughly clean the cylinder
and plunger with kerosene o i l forced into them with plunger s force pump
Wipe the^ in te r io rs dry with clean cotton waste Clean the piston and
pis ton rod
SECTION C - CARE OFELEVATING MECHANISM
(a) To Dismoipit the elevating mechanism Refer to p la tes XI and
XII
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0875 and 1 U4-3G Wrench double 125 and 15 U13BA Wrench double 2 and 225 IK-3ATC Wrench pinion shaft and nut 35 U82H SJcrew driver U45AN Screv driver U45AE Machinist s hammer U48F
Pin punch U47AF Blocks of wood
(1) Take hand wheel off and remove brake band
(2) Remove pinion shaft gear from elevating pinion shafts and
bull lt bullbull bull
- 5 2 shy
rmove elevating pinion shaf t
(3) Take off intermediate pinion shaft nut and washer and remove
intermediate pinion shaft) care being taken to see that intermediate gear
13 blocked up
(4) Remove elevating gear p la te with bearings fastened to i t
(5) Remove intermediate gear
(6) Take off handwheel sha f t
(7) Remove rack
(b) To assemble elevating iaechanism
Reverse the operations as outlined in above for dismounting bull
SECTION D - CARE Off TRAVERSING MECHANISM
(a) To dismount t ravers ing mechanism Refer to Plate XIIIbull
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrenoh double 1raquo25 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C Hammer machinists U48FshyPunch pin U47AF
Wrencty double 2 and 225U43AW
(1) Screw out side leveling screw remove sight with sight bracket
from cradle t runnions
(2) Take off gear case cover
(3) Remove pin and co l la r from end of worm shaft and draw i t out
(4) Knock out pins in lower part of ve r t i c a l trqversing shaft
and take off t ravers ing p in ion
(5) Drav shaft with worm vheel up through case push worm to side
of case when s t a r t ing (
- 5 3 shy
(6) Worm may then be removed from case aad case taken off side
of frame worm wheel may also be driven off shaf t
(b) To Assemble t raversing mechanism Refer to p la te XIII
Tnree men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 6375 and 05 U431 Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 2raquo and 225 U43AW Hammer machinists U48F Punch pin U47AF
(1) Bolt gear case to side frame and place vnra in pocket in case
(2) Drive worm vheel on shaft and place shaft in pos i t ion i
Worm must be held against wall of case gtS3aen assembling vheel and shaft
(3) Drive pinion on shaft and pin in p lace
(4) Slide worm shaft in place and lock i t vith pin and collar
(5) Bolt cover on case and bolt sight assembled or sight bracket
to t runnions
(6) Connect up leveling screw
SECTION F - CARE OF MMUNITEON CRANE
(a) To dismount ammunition c rane liefer to Dlate XXVII
Men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 pin punch
1 screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 anc 05 U-V3C 1 Wrench double 0625 auc O55 Ir4JF 1 Wrench double 0875-and Xraquo U43C
(l) Remove bolt fastening hoisting ropci to erjd of crime mast and
place bolt back in socket on rope This rejiovss sheave block
- 5 4 shy
sheave and crane hook
(2) Remove intermediate rope guard and sheave from crane mast
(3) Remove lower sheave bracket from crane mast and leave sheave and
rope guard attached to sheave bracket
(4) Unpin crank shaft co l l a r andrunscrew crank shaft n u t s
(5) Remove le f t crank and l e f t crank bushing rIhe crank shaft may
now be withdrawn to the l e f t and the pinion s ratchet and f r i c t ion box
and f r i c t ion disc be l i f t ed out The r ight crank may also be withdrawnbull
(6) Remove s p l i t pinsj drive out drum shaft and l i f t out drum and
gear
(7) Remove drum bracket from crane maftr
(8) Remove crane mast from crane mast pedestal and unbolt pedestal
from platform
(b) To AssembLe Ammunition Crane
Men Required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch
1 Screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075 II43F 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1 U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined above for dismounting in (a)laquo
Note- Care should be taken to see that the bronze and s tee l f r ic t ion
discs are assembled in t h e i r proper order
SECTION El ANTI-FRICTION DEVICE
(a) To Dismount a n t i - f r i c t i o n dev ice Refer t o P la te X
Four men required
Tools needed
Wrench single 175a U43V Wrench spanner U596E So rev driver U45AE
( l ) Unscrew locknut on adjusting screw
(Z) Remove s p l i t pin and nut from bearing support
(3) |Unscrew adjusting screw u n t i l beairinf support i s clear of bearshy
ing s e a t
(4) Remove r o l l e r and bearing s e a t
(5) Remove upper trunnion pin bearing anl key
(6) If t ipping pa r t s are out of side fcraiie bearing the bearing
support can be drawn up through the hole in s ids frame
(7) Bel lev i l le springs and washers can nor be removed
(8) Unscrew adjusting screw nut vith lockwasher attached to ifcraquo
(b) To assemble an t i - f r i c t i on device
Reverse the operation as outlined in afcove for dismounting
SECTION fl - CARE OF TRUCK3
(a) To remove trucks from Mount refer t o P la te XXXII
bull-8 Men required
Tools needed
4 Auxiliary jacks 1 Crowbar 1243A 1 Pinch bar
1 - 7-rinch p l i e r s U47AQ
(1) Remove s p l i t pin from l i ve lever pin a-d ^e7--e l ive lever pin
from rear t ruck lever connection Pl^ce l ino laver iivi i i hoe in 3 ive
lever and inse r t sp l i t pin shy(2) Lift- center pin from eenter p la ie hole usin^ pvrtn bar +y ^^-
-56shy
samej if necessary
(3) Raise mount with jacks as described in Part I Section (L) Divishy
sion (d) until mount is clear of trucks
(4) Shove trucks along until they are clear of mount
(fr) To Disassemble and Assemble Trucks Refer to Plate XXXII
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Wrench double 125 and 15 nuts U43BA 1 Wrench double 875 and I-inch U43G 1 - 7inch Pliers U47AQ 2 Crowbars 1243A Blocking 1 - 16-inch Monkey wrench U45LA lCfir Box Jacking screw with levers 1022C 4 Jacks 25-ton 1 Combination Hook and Packing tool
- 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar
(1) Remove pedestal t i e from both sides of truck replacing bolts in
t ies with nut locks and nuts
(2) Remove cotters from equalizer pins (put cotters in a convenient
place so they can be replaced in pin when same are later removed)
(3) Place jack screw on sectire blocking under inside pedestal castings
of outer wheels and raise truck frame until springs and equalizers are reshy
leased sufficiently for removing
(4) Remove semi-elliptic spring keys which will allow spring to be
removed
(5) Remove pins from equalizers and replace pins in same also replace
cotters (Refer to Art 2)
(6) Remove cotters and nuts from Helical spring bolts then remove
bolts and replace nuts and cotters Also remove springs and spring seats 33176
i
- 5 7 shy
7) Place car jack on secure blocking under serai-elliptic spring
soat and raise truck frame sufficient to remove wheels and journal boxes
(Snail jack screws and blocking can now be removed)
(8) Push end wheels with journal boxes away from truck framebull
(9) Disconnect bottom connection rod from both front and rear truck
levers and replace connection pins in their respective places in rods
(lltQ) Remove rear truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole from which it was taken in brajfce beam
( l l ) Disconnect front truck lever from dead lever bracket and replace
connection piniiin dead lever bracket
(12)) Disconnect dead lever bracket from dead lever fulcrum bracket and
replace connection pin in dead lever bracket
(13) Remove front truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole in brake beam
(14) Pull out brake shoe keys and remove brake beams and brake shoes
(15) Remove brake shoe hangers from side frames and replace hunger bolts
with keys in hangers
(16) Place blocking under pedestal casting of end wheels at either end
of truck most convenient and remove the car jacks near the end so blocked
by unscrewing jacks so as to allow frame to rest on blocking This will
permit moving center wheel with boxes intorposition formerly occupied by
aid wheels
(17) Replace ca^r jacks under semi-elliptic spring seats as before and
raise this end so as to release load of frame from blocking at end
(18) Remove end-blocking and push wheels away from frame
(19) Open journal box doors and remove journal box packing with hook
and packing tool 2SI16
-58shy
(20) Tilt the outer ends of the boxes up until bearing wedge and bearshy
nings can be removed remove wedges and take beardiigs out Then remove
boxes
(21) To Assemble Trucks Reverse the process just described
(c) To Pack Journal Boxes
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hook nd Packing Tool Bucket or Tin can of 3 to 5 gallons capacity Galena Oil bull I
Wool or Cotton Waste
(1) With hook and packing tool remove waste also all particles of
sand and gr i t from journal boxes
(2) In the bucket or tin can place enough waste to pack the number of
journal boxes to be packed wool waste is preferable but cotton waste
will do and saturate with Galena Oil
(3) With hook and pacafcing tool pack the oil saturated waste firmly
into the lower section of the Journal Boxes Note - The life of the journal
bearings will be considerably lengthened and the trouble arising from
burned out bearings will be reduced to a minimum if regular inspections be
made of the journal box packing If the car is to be moved a considerable
distance especially after having stood in one place for any length of
time i t i s vrell to see that a l l boxes are well packed with oil saturated
wasted Care should be taken to see that the covers are kept closed and
promptly replaced where broken or lost in order to keep out as much as
possible a l l sand and gri t
(d) To Replace Journal Bearings
Two men required 73V 6
Tools needed
1 Pinch Bar 1 Car Box Jacking Screw 1 Hook and Packing Tool
(1) With car body jacks ra ise car body about two inches
(2) With car box jacking screw ra ise the journal box from which the
bearing i s to be removed about two incheslaquo
(3) Raise journal box cover and remove bearing wedge with hook withshy
draw bearing
(4) Put new bearing in posit ion and replace bearing wedge pack journal
box packing firmly around lower half of journal and be certain that ijournal
bearing and wedge are properly seated
(e) To Place Trucks Under ca r
Reverse procedure outlined in Part I I Section G Division (a)laquo
SECTION- H - CARE OF TRUCKS
(ai To Disassemble Air Brake Refer to plates XIX apid XX bull
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch P l i e r s U47 AQ 1 Pinch Bar 1 Wrench double raquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U45DA 1 S t i l l s on Pipe wrench -25 and 25- inches 637D 1 Wrench double 083 5 and 1-inch riutsU43G 1 Wrench^ double Olaquo625 and 0laquo75-inch nutsfU43F
1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nutsU43^euro
(1) Disconnect hand brake pullrod and brake cylinder leyer connection
from brake cylinder lever and replace connection pin in end of pullrod
(2) Disconnect f loating lever connection from f loat ing lever and re shy
place connection pin in f loat ing lever connection 23176
- 6 0
Disconnect l i ve lever from f loat ing lever and replaco pin in l ive
lever
(4) Unbolt and remove cylinder lever fulcrumfrom center s i l l and re shy
place bolts in t h e i r respective holes in center s i l l and remove cylinder
lever from cylinder lever fulcrum
(5) Disconnect brake cylinder pushrod from cylinder lever and replace
connection pin in end of pushrod disconnect f loat ing lever from floating
lever fulcrum and replace pin in f loating levershy
(6) Unbolt and remove f loat ing lever fulcrum from under side of floor
p la te and replace bolts in fulcrum
(7) Disconnect union on cross pipe between cylinder and reservoir and
remove pipe
(8) Unbolt and remove brake cylinder from support and replace bolts
in support bull
bullbull(9) Disconnect pipes and e l l s from reservoir tha t connect with cross
pipe t o cylinder
(10) Unbolt t r i p l e valve from reservoir
(11) Unbolt and remove reservoir from supports replacing bol ts
(X2) Remove t r i p l e valve
(13) Unscrew pipe3A-
(14) Remove centrifugal d i r t col lector
(15) Remove elbow and pipe GA
(16) Unscrew pige AA from cut out cock and remove self-locking cutshy
out cock No 2135 vith upper pipe AA from 125 t e o
(17) Remove upper pipe AA from cut out cock
23176
(18) Remove V bolt in end s i l l and unccrew self~lockng nngle cck
No 22413
(19) Unscrew pipe R from coupling leaving coupling en pipe SMlaquo
(20) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe S from 125 e l l and leave
e l l on pipe T
(21) Remove pipe T11 from 125 ampee and leave tee on pipe U
(22) Unscrew pipe U from e l l and leave e l l on pipeVi4
(23) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe W from elbregw and leave
elbow on pipe X
(24) Unscrew pipe nX with drain cock from pipe HZ
Note- If i t i s desired to disassemble the complete a i r brake equipment
on mount repeat the above operation for disassembling the mechaniftzft under
the other end of the mount
(b) To Disassemble-land Assemble Handbrakes Refer to Plate XIX and XX-
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0625 and 0raquo7pound-inch nutsU43F
(1) Disconnect handbrake pul l rod from cylinder lever qt3 replace
connection pin in end of rod
(2) Remove handbrake sheave from handbrake pul l rod take chain from
around sheave and fasten sheave back in rod jaws with p in
(3) Unbolt and remove pu l l rod hanger and replace bolts in hanger
(4) Remove pul l rod
(5) Disconnect handbrake chain from brake mast step and brake mast
23176
-62shy
(6) Unbolt and remove brake mast step and replace bolts on mast s t e p p pR b(7(7)) Remove brake mast with handwheel and ratchet attached
c) gtv To Assemble Air Brake Refer to Plates XIX and XX
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 75 gad 1-inch U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch l)47DA 1 St i l l son Pipe Wrench 25 to 25 inches 637D 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075-inch nuts U43F 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1-inch nuts U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined in Section H division ( a )
(d) To clean and Oil Brake Cylinder Refer to p la te XXIX
Two men required
Tools needed
1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 625 and 0875-inch nuts U153E 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U47DA
(1) Disconnect pushrod from cylinder l ever
(2) Remove bolts connecting cylinder to brake cylinder brake and re shy
move pipes connecting cylinder to rese rvo i r
(3) Remove piston head
(4) With kerosene o i l thoroughly clean and remove a l l pa r t i c l es of
sand and g r i t from piston piston r ing and inside of cyl inder
(5) Oil piston lea ther in pis ton with heavy o i l or l igh t grease
(6) Put piston back in cylinder and replace whole on c a r
(9) To clean and o i l t r i p l e valvo K--2 Refer to Pla te XXXIII
Two men required
Tools needed 23176
O
l bull
1 Stillson Pipe Wrench 25 to- 2 5~inchesf 637D i Hamroerj U48F 1-7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Wrench double laquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inchj U47DA 1 Wrench double raquo375 and 5-inch nuts U153B
(1) Disconnect branch pipe union and remove branch pipe from tr iple valve
(2) Dplusmnggt$ pinealtriple valve f roiaauxiliary valvalaquo
(3) Unscrev union nut 17 and remove strainer 16 bull
(4) Unscrev graduating stem nut 20 and remove graduating spring 22raquo
(5) Remove nut from bolts 24 and take off cylinder cap 19 and- cylinder
cap gasket 23
(6) Withdraw piston and slide valve from casing
(7) Remove cap screws 25 and take off check valve case 13 and emergency
valve 9
(8) Remove piston 8laquo
(9) Remove emergency valve 10 and check valve 15raquo
(10) Unscrev retarding device 29 and remove retarding spring 33 and
stem 31bull
(11) Clean a l l parts thoroughly with kerosene oilraquo Using oil sparingly
oil t r iple piston and surface between slide valve and slide valve seat Also
surface between graduating valve and slide valve
(12) Assemble by reversing procedures as outlined above and replace
t r ip le valve in position
(f) To Clean Centrifugal Dirt Collector Refer to Plate XXXI
One man required
Tools needed None
( l) Open cock at bottom of collector until a l l particles of sand
dir t and water are blovn out
23176
-64shy
(g) To Take Up Shoo Wear
Oncopy man required
Tools needed
1 P l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch b a r
(1) Release brakes both hand and air
(2) Disconnect front t ruck lever from dead lever bracket move front
t ruck lever out un t i l the rear t ruck lever wi l l not go back to less than
15-inchear from the t ruck bo ls te r and remake connection in proper hole in
dead lever bracket
(3) If necessary the shoes can be set up t i gh t e r by moving the front
t ruck lever to the end holes Of the bottom connection rod
(m) To Replace Brake Shoes Refer to Plate XXXII
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U47AM 1 Pinch Bar
(1) Release brakes both hand and a i r -
(2) Withdraw brake shoe keys take out worn shoes and replace with
new ones
SECTIOIj I shy CARE OF JACKS
(a) To Disassemble screw jacks Refer to Plate XXV
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch 1 Wrench double1 Wrench double^
125 and 15 U43G 0625 and 075 U43F
23176
-65shy
(1) Unscrew lower jack pinion stud nut and remove ratchet and pawl
with housing bull
(2) Remove upper jack pinion stud nut and take out jack pinion stud
with jack pinion attached
(3) Remove jack screw nut and let jack and ram rest against guide
(4) Take washers and screw gear off of screw
(5) Remove stop from ram and guide from base plate
(6) Remove screw and ram
Note- In order to remove screw and ram i t is necessary to run the mount
over a pi t or dig a hole in the ground
(b) To Assemble screw jacks reverse the operations outlined above for
disassembling
(c) Care and Oilijig of Jaciss
The jacks should be lubricated frequently To do ifcis a steel
compression grease cup is screwed into the stop on the ram This cup should
nevor be without grease in i t The jack levers should be removed and placshy
ed in some convenient place on the platform
(d) Care of Auxiliary Jacks
When not in use the auxiliary jacks should be placed under the
ammunition table The bearings of the jack should be kept well oiled and the
main lifting screw and the teeth of the gears should be lubrioated vith
heavy grease when necessary to make jacks work easily
PART I I I
SECTION A PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED BEFORE FIRING
(a) This carriage is designed to be fired from 20 to 60 degrees elevashy
tion do not fire it below 20 degrees
23176
-66shy
(b) Fold up platform at breech of Howitzer
(c) Take reading at liquid pressure gauge this reading should be 1700
pounds per squre inch a small amount of liquid will leak out each round
and is replaced by means of the pump
(d) Take reading^at air pressure gauge this reading should be 1550
pounds per square inch
(e) The distance the recuperator piston rod moves indicates liquid leakshy
ing at the packing and the rod should never be allowed to stand out past
the gland more than 5laquo875 inches
(f) Traverse gun through entire allowed movement to nampke sure that all
parts work freely
(g) Elevate Howitzer through entire range of elevation to see that all
parts work freely
(h) Make sure that a l l nuts tap bolts and screws on elevating mechanism
traversing mechanism panoramic sight and elevation quadrant are set up
properly
(i) Make an inspection of recoil and counter recoil systems to see
thqfc they are properly assembled especially after the Howitzer has been
dismounted from the oradle
(k) See that the outriggers are set securely
(l) See that the underframing of the mount has a uniform bearing on
the ground platform
(m) Make sure that the recoil cylinder is properly fi l led
(n) All brakes should be released
23176
-67shy
TOBE_OBSERVED BEFORE TRAVELLING
(a) see that a l l equipment to be carried on the mount is properly
Secured and that none of i t projects out past the clearance l ine
(b) Depress gun to 0 degree elevation and traverse i t to 0 degrees
azimuth and fasten gun with travelling lock
(c) Remove panoramic telescope place i t in carrying case and store
in secure place
(d) An inspection should be n^de of journal boxes to see that they
are properly packed and that the bearings have not worn down too much
(e) An inspection should be made also of the brake shoes and mechshy
anism If there is too much play between the brake shoes and wheels
the wear should be taken up in the brake mechanism or the brake shoes
replaced with1 nev ones
(f) Be sure that the complete set of tools areoOn hand
(g) See that buffers and couplings are in proper working condition
PART V
TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF 12-INCH HOWITZER RAILWAY MOUNT MODEL OF 1918
Length of reco i l normal 36 max 375
Angle of Elevation ( f i r i n g 4 2 0 to46O o
ti laquo Depression - 5 loading
it laquo t raverse 360deg
Weight of recoi l ing pa r t s (empty) - 49188
n t ipping 64533(Loaded 65333)
Weight of Car including base p la te 102880
Length over draft Gear - 42 f t 2 i n approx
Total weight of trucks (two) 30000 l b s
-68shy
Type of trucks 6-wheel - 55 x 10 journals
Diameter of vheels 28 in
Weight of t ravers ing parts with gun (Empty) 92353
Total weight on t rack - 19 5 243 bull
Weight of gun including recoi l band amp breech mech bull 47f239
Muzzle Velocity 1950 f s
Range 21600 yds (Approx)
Wt Pro jec t i l e 700 l b s
Wt Povder 95
Chamber pressure 37000 l b s
Muzzle energy 18474 f t tons
Total rod pul l a t 60deg - 348766 l b s
per qxle a t t rack (front) 35931 l b s
laquo n ti ti ( rea r ) 29150 M
23176
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Gaylord Bros Makers
Syracuse N Y PAT JAN 21 1908
3 a
( e ) T o p a c k s t u f f i n g b o x raquo laquo bull bull bull
( f ) To c l e a n r e c o i l c y l i n d e r bull bull
SECTION B - 0 a t e of R e c u p e r a t o r gt
( a ) i n G e n e r a l bull
( b ) T o d i s m o u n t r e c u p e r a t o r raquo bull laquo bull bull bull laquo bull bull bull
( c ) To a s s e m b l e r e c u p e r a t o r laquo laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull
(d) To fill recuperator raquo bull laquo bull
(e) To pack stuffing box laquo
(f) To clean recuperator cylinder and plunger bull bull bull bull bull
23176
3 b
SECTION C - C a r e of e l e v a t i n g m e c h a n i s m
P a g e
( a ) T o d i s m o u n t e l e v a t i n g m e c h a n i s m
( b ) To a s s e m b l e e l e v a t i n g m e c h a n i s m
SECTION D - C a r e of t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m
( a ) To d i s m o u n t t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m bull laquo bull laquo bull
( b ) To a s s e m b l e t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m
S e c t i o n E - C a r e of a n t i - f r i c t i o n D e v i c e laquo
( a ) To d i s m o u n t a n t i - f r i c t i o n d e v i c e bull bull bull
( b ) To a s s e m b l e a n t i - f r i c t i o n d e v i c e bull raquo laquo
S e c t i o n F shy C a r e of A m m u n i t i o n C r a n e lt
( a ) To d i s m o u n t a m m u n i t i o n c r a n e
( b ) To a s s e m b l e a m m u n i t i o n c r a n e
S e c t i o n G - C a r e of t r u c k s
( a ) To r e m o v e t r u c k s raquo
( b ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a n d a s s e m b l e t r u c k s bull bull bull bull raquo
( c ) To p a c k j o u r n a l b o x e s
( d ) To r e p l a c e j o u r n a l b e a r i n g s bull raquo bull
( e ) To p l a c e t r u c k s u n d e r c a r
S e c t i o n H - C a r e of B r a k e s raquo bull bull bull
( a ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a i r b r a k e
( b ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a n d a s s e m b l e h a n d b r a k e a
( c ) T O a s s e m b l e a i r b r a k e raquo bull bull
(d) To clean and o i l brake cy l inde r
(e) To clean and oil triple valve
(f ) To clean centrifugal dirt collector
23176
Page
( g ) To t a k o up shoe wear bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull bull bull lt
( h ) To r e p l a c e b r a k e s h o e s bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n I - Care of j a c k s bull bull raquo bull bull bull raquo bull raquo laquo bull bull
( a ) To d i s a s s e m b l e s c r e w j a c k s laquo
( b ) To a s s e m b l e s c r e w j a c k s laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull gt bull bull bull bull
( c ) Care and o i l i n g of s c r ew j a c k s bull bull
( d ) Care of a u x i l i a r y j a c k s laquo bull bull bull
PART I I I
S e c t i o n A - P r e c a u t i o n s t o b e obse rved b e f o r e f i r i n g bull bull bull
S e c t i o n B - P r e c a u t i o n s t o be obse rved b e f o r e t r a v e l l i n g bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n C - L i s t of g r e a s e cups and handy o i l e r s laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
PART IV - L i s t of P a r t s
PART V - T a b l e of Weights and Dimens ions
PART VI - L i s t of T o t a l Equipment
13175
~5 shy
List of Plates _
I - 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Right Side Elevation
II bull 12-inch Howitzer Rarilwey Mouvjt Left Side Elevation ltraquo
I I I 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Longitudinal Section
IV 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Plan View
Vlaquo 12-indc1 Howitzer Railway Mount Ftfoi-it Viev
VI 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Rear View
VII Recoil Cylinder Assembly
VIII Recuperator Assemblybull
IX Liquid Pump and Piping Arrangement
Xlaquo Liquid Pump Assembly
XIraquo Elevating Assembly
XII Foot lever Assembly
XIII Traversing Assembly
XIV Anti-frriction Device Assembly
XV Loading Assemblyraquo
XVI platform^Assembly Right Side
XVII Platform Assembly Left Side
XVIII Frame Assembly
XIX Air Brake Assembly Front
XE Air Brake Assembly Rear
XXI Lever Assembly Plan View
XXIIbull Lever Assembly Side View
XXIII Outrigger Assembly
YYIV Foundation Assembly
XXV Jack Assembly
23176--
- 6 shy
XXVI Equipment Assemblylaquo
XXVII Ammunition Crane Assembler
XXVIII Weight distribution diagram
XXIX Air Brake Cylinder Type D 10X12
XXX jampuailiary reservoir Type D
XXXI Centrifugal dirt collector
XXXII Truck Assembly
XXXIII Triple Valve K-2
XXXIVD Camcu Isgeraquo
XXXVC Car frame French couplers
XXXVIe Buffer Assembly
XXXVII Draft Gear Assembly
2317$
_^2-Jampich Bovitzer_R^
_Model of 1918
Section A - General Description
(a) Descript ionlaquo
Refer to plates I II III IV V and VI
for l i s t of pgta-ts with their piece mrks and the material of which they
are made see page
The mount is designed to permit the Howitzer to be traversed
through 360 degreoSy elevated from minus 5 to plus 60 degrees and fired
from 20 to 60 degrees
The principal parts of the mount are the base plate which is
a part of the car proper racer distance ring and traversing rcopyllers side
frames cradle recoil system recuperator system traversing and elevating
mechanisms elevation quadrant panoramic sight loading tray loading
and working platforms and car proper including body trucks brakes and
couplers together with outriggers floats jacks and foundation details
The base plate is a one piece casting used as the center secshy
tion of the car proper and bolted to the car frame on each end The
lower roller path is machined on the upper side and a pintle surface is
machined on the outer side of the vertical annular flange on the inner
side of this flange the traversing rack is bolted
The racer is cast in one piece and has i ts lover surface machshy
ined forming the upper roller path corresponding to the lower roller
path on the base plate The inner vertical surface is machined to form
the female part of the pintle The outer vertical surface is machined and
graduations are engraved forming an azimuth circle
23175
There are 640 divisions of 10 mils each the 0 graduation
being on the left side of the racer 45 degrees left of gear- Ihe
aximuth pointer is of gernian silver graduated from 0 to 10 mils and is
fastened to a builb up bracket bolted to the base plate Five clips
engaging the under side of the base plate flange and boltedto the
racer prevent any relative vertical movement o the racer with the base
plate Dust guards are bolted to the ou-ter surface of the racer preshy
venting dust and dirt from entering the traversing roller system and
pintle bearing
The traversing roller system consists of forty conical rollers t
held in a radial position by the distance ring1 and kept concentric with
the pintle by flanges on the inner edges of the rollers in contact vith
the inner edge of the roller path on the base ring Handy oilers are
located on the outsdde Vertical surface of tlje racer vith oil tubes
leading to continuous oil gutters cut in the distance ring for the disshy
tribution of oil to the rollers
The side frames are bolted to tkcopy upper surface of the racer
and held together by the front and rear transom this unit supports
the tipping parts of the mount
The cradle supported in the side frames by its trunnions
serves as a slide way for the hbvitzer when recoiling and carries the
recoil and recuperator systems bull The loading platform of structural
steel extends to the rear of the mount and is held in place by supports
fastened to the rear transom and side frames Tne platform is constructshy
ed with an opening in the center for the howitzer to recoil through
This opening is covered by a folding platform iji two sections connected
23176
mdash9mdash
together and to the loading plajtfora by hinges This platform is down
vu loading and folded back vhen firing On the right side of the
mount is the elevating platform which is folded in vhen traveling A
loading tray built up of structural steel is bolted to the goading platshy
form and is constructed to carry three projectiles at a tims Cranes
on the rear of the loading platform hoist the projectiles from the amshy
munition table on the car floor tothe loading tray i| shell trough placshy
ed in the breech of the Howitzer and resting on the loading tray is usdd
to slide the projectile and powder into the Howitzer The car has a cast
steel center vhlch serves as a base plate and roller path for the travershy
sing parts of the mount and structural steel ends all mounted on standard
six wheel trucks The car servesas a firing platform and transport
vehicle vihen in transport the entireweight rests upon the trucks in the
ordinary way but in firing the car is raised by jacks beams and cross-
t ies then placed underneath and the car lowered thereon relieving the
weight from the trucks The outriggers are then set out against the woodshy
en floats backed by the earth to resist the recoil when the howitzer is
fired
An ammunition trough and table are located on the car floor
and ammunition is brought from the ammunition car to the trough and slid
down to the table which holds seven projectiles
The recoil mechanism recuperator elevating and traversing
bullmechanism anti-friction device crane jacks outriggers trucks car
proper air brakes draft gear and ammunition table will each be desshy
cribed in detail later
2317
-10shy
(b) Operation
The piece i s la id in azimuth by the combined usec of the
panoramic sight or azimuth c i r c l e and the t raversing mechanism Elevashy
t ion is obtained by se t t ing the quadrant at the elevation required and
rota t ing the piece in elevation by the elevating mechanism
Upon f i r ing the Howitzer recoi ls in the cradle a maximum
distance of 375 inches carrying with i t the recoi l band and piston
pul l rods and plunger of the recuperator The energy of recoi l of the
howitzer is absorbedby the resistance which the f lu id in the hydraulic
cylinders offers in being forced through the openings past the pistonslaquo
A portion of the energy of recoi l suff icient to return the howitzer into
ba t t e ry i s absorbed by compressing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder
The return of the piece into bat tery is eased by bullbull-he action of the counter
reco i l buffers which force the f lu id from the cylinder heads through
the small clearance past the cylinder head bushings
SECTION B - RECOIL MECHANirM
Refer to Plate VII
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material
of which they are made see page
The recoi l system operates on th3vpoundrincipal of the hydraulic
brake and is designed to l imit the distance aid regulate the velocity
with which the howitzer moves to the rear when fired
A small portion of the reco i l energy is taken up by compressshy
ing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder but he greater portion is taken
up by tho resis tance the l iquid in the reco i l cylinder offers to being
forced through the or i f ices formed b the t h r o t t l i n g grooves The width
-11shy
of these grooves is uniform but the depth is proportioned so that ths
areas of the orifices varying with the position of the piston during
recoil will be such as to give with the air in the recuperator a conshy
stant resistance throughout the length of recoilbull
In front of the piston the piston rod is extended to form a
buffer This buffer is flatted so thqt the escape of liquid during
counter-recoil through the varying clearances between this and the reshy
coil cylinder head bushing will offer auch resistance as will control
the motion of the howitzer during its return to battery linen the fceccil
piston is in normal recoil position the end of the buffer is back in the
cylinder a distance about 17raquo375 inches from the cylinder head bushing
As the recoil piston travels towards the cylinder head during counter
recoil i t pushes some of the liquid ahead of it into th4 cylinder head
and Tahen the buffer reaches and begins to enter the cylinder head bushshy
ing the cylinder head is filled with the liquid
The recoil mechanism consists of two cylinders fitted in and
locked to cylindrical bosses on the under side of cradle by special nutsshy
Each is closed at the front end by a cylinder head and at the rear end by
a stuffing box The throttling grooves above referred to are three in
number symmetrically located with respect to the longitudinal axis of
the cylinder The piston rod projects through the rear of the cylinder
and is held in the recoil band by two nutsraquo The rear nut should be screwed
up lightly to allow the piston rod to adjust itself in the recoil band
When the piece is fired the piston and piston rod move to the rear with
the recoil band which is attached to the howitzer while the cylinders reshy
main stationary in the cradle A stuffing box with packing and follower
is used to make a tight joint between the piston rod and rear end of cylrU
in front of the stuffing box there is a leather washer which
prevents the l iquid in the cylinder from leaking through the threads
of the stuffing box and also during recoi l keeps the pressure of the
l iqu id from act ing d i rec t ly on the packing in the stuffing box The
cylinder head i s screwed into the front end of the recc i l cyl inder A
bushing i s screwed into the opening of the head to insure proper c learshy
ance for the buffer A tongue and groove with a lea ther washer makes a
t i gh t ftoint between the eylinder and head
_SfiCTION C - RECUPERATOR
Refer t o Plates VIII IX and X
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The recuperator consists of an a i r chanibrer a piston and i t s
packings a plunger and i t s yoke and pu l l rods The pietcn and plunger
s l i de in the cyl indr ica l part of the a i r chamberbull The pis-son rod has a
bearing in the front end of the plunger At t h i s end of th plunger a
yoke connects i t with the pu l l rods which in turn are fastened in the
front by a bracket and in the rear direct t o the reco i l band
The a i r chamber consis ts of a hollow cyl indr ica l forging open
in the front and closed in the rear The cy l indr ica l part in front in
wnich the piston and plunger moveS| i s f i t t e d with a lining of special
watert ight bronze The plunger i s of tfye same material as the l i ne r and
i s machined t o take the piston rod l iquidf and s tuff ing box The plunger
screwed to the yoke and secured by set scraws i s driven at recoi l by the
two pu l l rods which are fastened to the r s co i l band and t r ave l with i t
pu l l rodShave bearings in bushings fixed in lugs on the c rad le 1h3
2 7
-13shy
joint between the plunger and the liner is made tight by a leather
packing held in place by a stuffing box Flax packing held in the stuffshy
ing box by a gland makes the joint between the plunger and the stuffing
box tight A felt washer held by a steel ring and screwedvto the gland
prevents sand or grit from entering the plunger packings
The air chamber or recuperator cylinder plusmn3 locked in a cyshy
lindrical bO3s on the top part of the cradle by a cylinder clamp lock
Flattened places on the pull rod bushings matching up with similar ones
on the shoulder prevent the recuperator cylinder from rotating
The piston consists of a head of special watertight bronze
screwed on a steel rod Ihe front part of the rod is fitted with a bronze
casing and slides in a bearing in the plunge- Its threaded end beyond
the casing is fitted with a nut and washer limiting in the rear the disshy
placement of the piston with respect to the plunger Tallowed flax packshy
ing held by a bronze ring and piston washer held against this ring by
a follower make a tight joint between the piston and cylinder liner A
spring held in place by a nut pinned to the rod presses the f ollower
to the rear against the piston washer
The joint between the piston rod and plunger is similar to that
between the plunger and the cylinder liner
The space in front of the piston and in the plunger is filled with
a solution of glycerine and water the same as in the recoil cylinders
This liquid acts as a seal for the joint between the piston and the liner
and a stop between piston and plunger at counter-recoil
hi air valve body fitted with two needle valves one for filling
and one for emptying is screved in the rear end of the recuperator cylinlor
and connected by tubing to the air pipe connection on the cradle An cb- bull
-14shy
feube runs from this to the pressure gauge hi opening in th-e pipe
connection is used to attach the coiled tube when charging the cylinder
with a i r The opening is closed with a plug when not in use
At the front end of the recuperator cylinder a liquid valve
is bolted and connected by copper tubing to the liquid pipe connection
on the cradle Another tube runs from this to the pressure gauge and
a third to the liquid pump Liquid is poured into the pump through
the opening in the top and pumped through the tubing into the plunger
The liquid pump is fastened to a steel plate support to vhich
is also fastened the two pressure gauges This support is bolted to the
upper part of the cradle on the left sidebull
The pump consists of a pump case or reservoir for the solushy
tion of glycerine and water in the bottom of which is fixed the body
of the pump This contains the inlet valve the outlet valve and the
relief valve and the pump body nut A plunger operated by a lever crank
and link with bearings in the cover and body nut operate in the pump
body (see Plate X)
The relief valve screwed in the top of the pump body has a valve
stem relief spring and capraquo The relief spring is designed to allow the
liquid to blow off at from 2200 to 2500 lbs qpad insures no danampge to the
pump from excess back pressures This spring should never be tampered
with $e t- is adjusted by the manufacturer and tested to function at the
proper pressure If the liquid pump fails to function and there is
practically no resistance offered when the pump lever is operated it nhovs
that there is a back pressure of air in the mechanism To overcome this
disconnect the liquid pipe where i t joins the three way connoction on the
-15shy
of the cradle and operate the lever for a $ew strokes u n t i l l iquid
begins t o flow Reconnect the l iquid pipe to the three way connection
and pump l iquid into the recuperator plunger u n t i l the piston rod washer
just clears the rear gland
SECTION D - ELEVATING MECHANISM
Refer to Pirate XI and XJI
For l i s t of pstrts with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The elevating mechanism consis ts of an elevating rack attached
t o r ight side of the cradle meshing with a pinion which i s operated by
a handwheel through spur g e a r s The spur gearing is supported by the
gear p l a t e and side frame provided -with bronze bushings A band brake
with foot control i s provided to prevent any movement of t he t ipping par ts
when the gun i s f i r e d One turn of the handwheel clockwise elevates the
gun 192 degrees
Refer to Plate XXII
For l is t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page i
The t ravers ing mechanism consis ts of a c i rcular rack fastened to
the base ring and meshing with a pinion bullwhich 1s operated by a handwheel
through a worm and worm wheel The pinion meshing with the rack i s keyed
to the lower end of the v e r t i c a l t ravers ing shaft Tnis shafct has i t s
lower bearing in the t ravers ing shaft bracket ^jhich is bolted to the
racer and i t s upper bearing in the t ravers ing ^ear case which i~ bol-f-oa
t o the le f t side frame The worm whe 3i keyed so bhe upper end cf tho zy-ui
bull46shy
is in mesh with the worm which is keyed to the worm shaft The worn
shaft has both of i t s bearings in the gear case and a handwheel on one
end iThe worm wheel worm and worm shaft are inclosed in the gear case
1W gear case cover has a lug to take the leveling screw bearing pin of
the -sight
SECTION F r
Refer to Plate XXV
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The anti-friction device is designed to relieve the load of the
tipping parts from the main trunnion and ease the elevating and depressing
of the gun It donsists of tvo small trunnions bearing supports adjustshy
ing screws and Belleville springsraquo bull
The weight of the tipping partsr is supported on the small
trunnions and transmitted to the Belleville springs by the bearing supports
and seats The adjusting screvs are tightened up until the crdldle trun^ i
nions have a clearance in the s i i e frame bearings at a l l points This
makes the en t i re elevating load come on the small trunnions and reduces
the handwheel load When the Howitzer i s f i red the Bel lev i l le springs are
compressed and the f i r ing load comes on the side frame bearings
SECTION G - AMMUNITION CRANE f
Refer t o Plate XXVII
For l i s t of pa r t s with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they a r e made see page
Tvo ammunition cranes are bolted to the rear corners of tho
loading platform for use 3a hois t ing ammunition from the ground or amshy
munition t ab l e to the loading t ray bull 2 ampbullgt
For hpistang the 700-pound p ro jec t i l e the shot tongs should
be pdjined d i r e c t l y t o the open socket at the end of the wire-rope For
use with a heavier p ro j ec t i l e an extra sheave block vith a craaae hook
attached- i s provided The wire rope vith the open socket attached^ may
be passed through the blockj by removing one of the p la tes and pinning
t o the mast The shot tangs ^Should then be placed on the crane hook
These two arrangements are shown on p la te XXVII
A section through the drum gearing and f r ic t ion srafetyydevice^
i s shovai on p la te XXVII The cranks may be released with the load dji
any position^ and by v i r tue of the f r i c t i o n safety device the mechanism
wi l l not overhaul The pawl should at a l l times be lef t an mesh with the
ra tche t To insure proper functioning t h i s mechanism should be kept
well lubricated She cranks and the mechanism housed in the drum bracket
should- under no circumstances^ be dismantled in the f ield
l M CAR PROPERj
Refer to Plate XVIII
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Ihe car proper serves as a t ransport f or the travels ing par ts
of the mount outrigger f l o a t s foot p la tes and for the c ross t ies and
bu i l t up H-beams of the foundation platform Ihen lowered on the foundashy
t ion platform i t serves as an emplacement
The car proper consists of a drop frame type of bqdyj vith ends
b u i l t up of s t ruc tu ra l s t e e l p la tes and shapes vitha cast s t e e l center
mounted on tvo six-wheel railway trucks I t i s equipped with four screw
jacks which are used f i r s t t o ra i se the car suff ic ient ly t o allow ths
groundplatf orm to be placed in posit ion under i t and then t o lower uho
-18shy
car until i ts weight rests on the crossties and through them to the
built up H-beams which are spiked to the rail t i e s There are also ffi
outriggers which are set out against wooden floats sunkin pits and back-
ed by earth The outriggers serve to keep the mount stationary during
firing
The over-all dimensions of the car body ends which as stated
above are built up of structural steel shapes and plates are length
12 feet 75 inches width 8 feet 55 inches The underframe is comshy
posed of two center si l ls four intermediate s i l l s and four side siljs
connected to a base plate in the center of the car which forms the lower
level of the car body Ihese si l ls are tied together ^t each end by
channel and s i l l s and cross braced by a body bolster 5 feet 95 inches
from each end The floor plate covering the sil ls consists of four steel
platesbull A step and a hand hold or grab iron is provided at each corner
SECTION I - Trucks
Refer to Plate XXXII
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The trucks of which there are two are of built up type the
frame being made up of plates and steel castings The center portion of
the frame is a steel casting forming a bolster and is riveted to the side
pieces Separate MraquoCraquoBlaquo center plates are riveted to the top of the
bolsters- Side bearings consisting of steel plates held in position by
cast recesses are placed on 45-inch centers The vertical distance from
the side bearing surface to the center plate ie 275 inches Steel
ings are riveted to the side^plates which fern the pedestals
-19shy
Th e journals a re standard MCB amppound x 10 and 28-inch wheampls
of ro l l ed s t e e l are pressed on the a x l e s
The loading on the t rucks r s t ransmitted t o the journals by )
s emi -e l l i p t i c springs and equalizers The equalizers bear on the journal
boxes and t h e i r outer ends are supported by coi l springs held dn place by
the pedestal cast ings
Inside hung brakes are applied on four wheels of each truck
The brake beams are MCraquoB No 4 t russed type with shoes keyed to heads
The beams are hung from brackets cast on the t ruck frames Separate cast
s t e e l lugs are riveted on both sides of the bols ter for connecting the
dead lever guides on one side and the l ive lever guides on the1 other
J -VBRAKESJL
Refer to Plates XIX XX XXI XXII XXIX XXX XXXI XXXIII
For Lis t of pa r t s vith t h e i r piece narks and the materialsof
which they are rcade see page
The car i s equipped vith both hand and airbrakes operated by^the
same system of levers and so arranged tha t e i ther can be applied independshy
ently I t i s necessary to apply the handbrakes at each end separa te ly
The ai rbrakes are connected by the t r a i n l i n e pipe and operated simshy
ul taneous ly Detached brake cylinders and reservoi rs Westinghouse type
D 10 x 12 See p la tes XXIX and XXX) are provided with K-2 t r i p l e valves
(See p l a t e XXXIII)raquo There i s also a centr i fugal d i r t co l l ec to r (See p la te
XXXI) and the necessary pipes valves and connections for f re igh t car
equipment
P la tes XIX and XX show the arrangement of brake pa r t s a t e i ther
end of the mount From these pla tes i t w i l l be seen tha t the handbrakes
2317amp
-20shy
can be applied without disturbing the piston in the brake-cylindershy
the piston rod being made up of tubing in which the cylinder push rod
slides It will be further noted that the handbrake staff is connected
to a horizontal lever by means of a pull rod and chain The horizontal
lever is connected to the brake cylinder on one end andto the truck
live lever on the other end by means of rods and levers
The reservoirs are equipped with a valve operated by a rod
which can be pulled to release the air brakes quickly when desired
Ihe triple valve governs the flow of air allowing air to pass
from the train line into the reservoir and from the reservoir to the
cylinders liVhen pressure in the train line is reduced the triple valve
admits air from the reservoir into the cylinder and when pressure in the
train line is again raised the triple valve closes the passage of air
from the reservoir to the cylinder and at the same time allows the air
in the cylinder to escape into the atmosphere This automatically reshy
leases the brakes The reservoir is again recharged from the train line
to the required pressure These operations are effected by opening or
closing of ports in the triple valve by variations in the air pressure
A dirt collector located between the triple valve and the train
line collects dirt from the air before i t passes into the triple valve
The dirt thus collected may be blown out of the dirt collector by openshy
ing a valve at its bottom
_SEC_TION K - DRAFT GEAR AND FRTiNCH COUPLERS
(a) Draft Gear Refer t o p l a t e XXXVII
For l i s t of p a r t s vith t h e i r piece marks and the mater ia l of
which they are made see page bull
2317$
-21shy
The draft gear is known as the Westinghouse friction Type
The V-estinghouse friction parts are enclosed in a drum which is so applied
between cast steel draft lugs to receive the buffing and pulling shocks
The coupler is Gould Coupler Companys pattern Z-201
(b) To Couple the Car
One man-required Tools needed none Car pusher can be used if locomotive is not
available
(1) Set the handbrakes on car enough to keep-it from moving easily
when bumped
(2) Gpen the knuckle on car by lifting the handle of the uncoupling
lever This movement will f i r s t unlock the knuckle so i t can be pulled
open but continuing the movement of uncoupling lever will throw the
knuckle open without the necessity of going in front of or between the
cars When the knuckle of either car i s open i t is only necessary to
Erring the cars together until the open knuckle closes aftd i t will lcopyck
aut orcat ic al 1 y
(c) To uncouple car
(l) Raise the uncoupling lever on one car enough to release the
knuckle and the cars may be pulled apart
(d) French Coupler - Refer to Plates XXXV and XXXVI
For l i s t of parts wiflitheir piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page bull
The bumper blOGks are of white oak each secured to the end s i l l
channels by six 1-inch diameter and two 15-inch diameter bolts To
these blocks the buffers safety chains and parts of the draft hooks are
fastened as shovai on Plate XXXV
The screw couplers safety chains and buffers conform to the
standard now adopted for US Government freight cars in France With
t h i s arrangement and when the car i s connected to the ammunition car
or some other car the couplers draw them together producing compression
in the buffer spr ings
At each end of the car there are two different types of buffers
one with a f l a t buffing surface and the other with a curved surface
Similar buffers are located diagonally opposite on the car in order that
when the cars are coupled together the f l a t buffer of one car will butt
against the curved buffer of the next car This i s done to prevent
damage to buffers when t ra in is rounding a curve
The buffrer housing which contains the compression spring and
ac ts as a guide for the buffer i s bolted to the bumper block by four
bol ts bull A buffer p la te however i s placed between the buffer housing and
the bumper block to give a bet ter bearing surface The large end of the
spring referred to above res ts against a c i rcular p la te and the small end
against the buffer In order to prevent the spring from pushing these
tvo apart a 1875-inch diameter pin is provided which has a head at one
end amdl a t the other end a key projecting through the pin and a collarlaquo
The above mentioned c i rcular p la te se ts up into the buffer housing fqr
enough to allow clearance between the bumper block and the buffer plate
for the col lar and key but i t is prevented from being pushed back by a
cast s t ee l ring bolted to the buffer p l a t e
The draft hook projects through the bumper block end s i l l and
cast s t ee l draft spring stop to a cast s t ee l block which is held to i t by
a nut and s p l i t pin This l a t t e r block i s guided by lugs on the center
23175
sampll and takes the thrust of the compression spring which is seated
at i t s large end on tho draft spring stop rivetedto the center s i l l
of car The draft hook is also guided by another cast steel block restshy
ing against the1draft hook plate and bolted to a bumper block The
shoulders of the draft hook butt up- against this block when released
thus stopping i ts inward motion
The screw coupling is fastened by a pin vith cotter to a
hole in the draw hook It consists of the yoke attached to the draw
hook a clevis for hooking to the next car and a right and left hand
screw to draw the yokes and clevis togetherbull Attached to the middle
of the screw is an arm with a ball at the end which is used as a handle
to operate the screw The right hand threads on one side of this handle
screws through a pin holding the y6kes together The left hand threads
on the other side of the handle screw through a similar pin connected to
the clevis These pins are held in place by cotter pins A screv couplshy
ing is provided at each end of the car but when the train is made -up
only one coupling is used at each connection Mien not in use the loose
end of the coupling is swung on a hook attached to the draft hook plate
under the bumper blocks
Safety chains one on either side ox the draft hook serve as a
coupling in case the screw coupling or draw hooks are out of order These
consist each of a chain and hook fastened to car by an eye bolt The eye
bolt passes through the bumper block and end s i l l and are held in place
by nuts with a split pin To allow a l i t t l e give to the chain four spring
washers are inserted between the end s i l l channel and the nutraquo A cast
steel guide bolted to the bumper block acts as a stop and guide for the
23176
eye bolts and chain
(e) To Couple Cars Refer to Plate XXXVIlaquo
One man required Tools needed^ none
Car pusher can be us 3d if- locomotive is not available
(1) Set hand brako on stationary car (not completely but enough
so that car will move only slightlyif bumped) and bring the cars as
clc-Sff together as buffers will allow
(2) Stampndlig LeUveen cars inside of buffers l i f t one of the screw
couplings from the hook under bumper block and hook staple on draft hook
of other car (if the staple does not reach the hook the coupling will
have to be lengthened by turning the screw with handle)
(3) Tighten screw until there is just enough compression in the
draft hook and buffer springs to make cars ride easily The screw can
be turned easily by raising the ball attached to end of handle in the
proper direction until i t will fal l by i t s own weight thus completing
one turn By repeating above operations the required amount of turns
can be made
(4) Hook the safety chains of one car to the chains of the other
car (5) Connect a ir hose and open angle cock
(6) Release handbrake
(f) To Uncouple Cars
Reverse the process of coupling described above taking care
that the screw coupling is screwed a l l the way out before the staple is
hung on the hook
2317$
^ JL- JACKS
Refer to Platcopy XXV
(a) For l i s t 03 par ts vith t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Four bu i l t in jack screws are located in the corners of the
base p la te d i rec t ly above the r a i l s of a standard gauge t rack
Each jack consists of a ram screw nut r screw gear pinion
pinion stud ratchet pawl ratchet housing and lever
The rain carr ies a nut into which the screw works On the upper
end of the screw i s a screw gear meshing with a pinion on the pinion s tud
A ratchet meshing vith the pinion is turned by a ratchet pawl attached to
the ratchet housing which in turn i s bull operated by a long hand lever
There are two jack blocks 9 inches wide 8 inches high and 5
feet 6 inches long provided vith each ca r These blocks placed across
the r a i l s act as bearings for the jacksraquo In order to raise the car the
jack blocks are placed across the r a i l s so-that the two jackscrews at
each end wil l rest upon them
Four 20-inch 25-ton auxi l iary jacks having a t o t a l r i s e of 9
inches are carried on each railway car and weight-approximately 95 pounds
ea[ch They can be used for emergency purposes or in case the regular
jacks are out of ordershy
(b) To ra ise mount with screw jacks refer to plate XXV
Two men required on each set of jacks (four if both ends of car are to be raised)
Tools needed 4 Jack levers bull
2317 6
(1) Place jack blocks across rails under jacksf The faces
of the block with the bearing surfaces should be next to the rail and
jack screws
(2) Turn jack lever until ends of jack screw bear on the jack
blocking Be sure the jack blocking is correctly placed so as to give
good bearing- 011 rails and continue turning levers until car is high
enough to permit the foundation stringer to be placed under the base
plate then put isu the foundation cross beams
(c) To Lower Car Refer to plate XXV
Reverse procedure as outlined in (b) above
(d) To Raise mount with auxiliary jacks Refer to plate XXV
Two men required Tools needed
4 Auxiliary Jacks
4 Wood blocks about 4 x 4 x 4
(l) Arrange blocking directly under seats of t i e rod bracket
castings The top of this blocking should be about 9 inches below the top
of the rai l in order to get the jacks under the mount
(2) Place auxiliary jacks on these blocks arrange pawl so that
jack will raise when handle is lowered insert handle in socket and raise
by pumping until jack engages with lower surface of base plate Operate
jacks until mount is raised sufficient to place foundation
(3) Remove jacks after foundation is placed
jBCTION M - F0I3N DATION
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXIV
The foundation i s intended to take the load off the car
trucks and t ransfe r i t d i rec t ly to the ground through r a i l t i e s 23176
- 2 7 shy
I t i s nade up of four cross beams which support the side
intermediate and center s i l l s of the car and which in turn transmit the
to t-70 l inos of H-b earns placed para l le l to and outside of the r a i l s
on each side of the track Each l ine of beams is composed of two separate
channel irons bolted to each other and Spiked with screw spikes to the
r a i l t i e s in order to prevent movement
The material for the foundation platform is stored on car in
f rent of ammunition t r a y On the car the H-beams are placed at r ight angles
to the t r ack In tack of the beams the cross t ies are placed These beans
and cross t ies are blocked in front by the outrigger brackets in back by
the loading t rays and on the sides by the outriggers On top of the cross-
t i e s the jack blocks are placed These are held in place by fastening the
rope attached to them to the loading tray legs
(b) To place for f i r i n g - Refer to Pla te XXIV
men needed-
Tools required
3 - 2 x 4 timbers about 3 long for parrying H-b earns
1 - Wrench double 0625 and 0laquo75 U43F
The t rack at the location where the gun is to be placed should be
previously prepared The r a i l s should be leveled up and the ba l las t tamped
well under the t i e s
(1) Remove foundation jack block from car platform and place across
the r a i l s with center l ines d i rec t ly under the screw jacks
(2) Raise the car by means of the screw jacks (See Sect L Division
b
2317 6
-28shy
(3) Remove foundqtion stringers from car platform two to be
placed on either side of the track
(4) Place the stringers under the flange of the base plate as
near the rai l as possible and parallel to the track with the ends of the
stringers on either side of the track approximately opposite each other
(5) Connect the stringers at the center by four 75 x 1375
bolts bull
(6) Remove the cross beans from the car platform
(7) Flace the cross beams under the side sillsr of the car restshy
ing on the foundation stringere
(8) Lower the car by means of the screw jacks until the center
portion of the base plaite rests on the foundation stringers and the ends
of the side intermediate and center s i l ls rest on the cross beams
(9) Screw up jacks until they clear blocking by at least one half
inch before firing
(c) To Disassemble foundation and load for carrying
8 men required Tools neededs
1 wrench double raquo625 and 75 U43F 2 Track wrenches 4712C 1 Crowbar 1243A
To disassemble reverse procedure outlined in (b) above
To load the material on car platforms for carrying proceed as follows
(1) Place crossties on car platform against ammunition tablet
The ends of the crossties should be perpendicular to the tracks
(2) Place H~beams with webs vertical next to crossties
(3) Place jack blocks on crossties and lash to legs of ammunition
table 23170
SECTION N - OUTRIGGERS
( a ) Description Refer to Plate XXIIIbull
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the mat copyrial of
which they are made see page
There are eight outriggers furnished with e^ch mount which
form braces to prevent the mount from tipping over or from sl iding on
the foundation -platform when the gun isrbeing f i r ed
The four end outriggers which are fastened both when and
when not in use to a socket on the side of the car should be used ^ien
the gun i s f ired vith in the sector 45 degrees to the r ight or to the
l e f t of the longitudinal center l ine of the car They are each rnade up
of 6-inch hot drawn Shelby s tee l tubing vith an adjusting scifcew on one
end and an eye and pin on the other The adjusting screw has a ba l l on
the end and can be screved in or out of the nut s t ru t end with a s tee l
rod which f i t s into holes provided next t o the b a l l The fixed end of
the outrigger res ts in asocket casting on the car side and the ball of
the adjusting screwscrests in the foot p la te used to d i s t r ibu te the load
over the wooden f l o a t From the nut s t ru t end to a bracket on the car
d i rec t ly below the outrigger bracket is a t i e rod As the center l ine of
the outrigger s t ru t does not pass through the trunnions of the gun there
i s an overturning tendency when the gun is f i red normal to track The
purpose of the t i e rod i s to counteract t h i s tendency
The four side outriggers which are also fastened to a socket
on the side of the car should be used when the gun is f i red within the
sec tor 45 degrees to the r ight or l e f t of a cross center l ine of the ca r
23176
They ar4 the same in every respect as the end outriggers
The footplates are of cast steel and are used to transmit the
thrust from the struts to the f loats Their lower surfaces are smooth
and the upper parts have sockets to receive the ball ends of the struts
Each float is built up of two layers of Mocking so as to disshy
tribute the ioad from the strut over 20 square feet of ground surface
The lower layer is composed of fine white oak blocks and the upper layer
of three blocks a l l bolted togetlis3raquo There are two angle guides bolted
to the upper surface of the floats for guiding the foot plates
Mien not in use the floats and footplates are placed on the
car platform The floats are piled in an inclined position against the
ammunition trough in the rear of the car The footplates are piled on
the front platform of the car qgnd lean against the ammunition table
The float lashingi for holding the floats in position (See
Plate XXVl) while in transit is composed of five wire ropes fastened toshy
gether by steel rings and turnbuckles When the floats are loaded in
traveling position two of the wire ropes held together by a turnbuckle
are passed around the lower part of the floats and secured to the amshy
munition table by steel rings At the upper part of the float two more
wire ropes are passed around also held together by turnbuckles and seshy
cured to the ananunition table by steel rings The upper lashing is held
in place by the angles on the sides and by another wire rope in the rear
fastened to the platform Turning the turnbuckles tightens the ropes and
holds the floats in place
The footplate lashing for holding the foot plates in position
vhile in transit is composed Of one wire rope with a hook on one end and
23176
- 3 1 shy
a tumbuckle on the other Illhen the pla tes are loaded in traveling posishy
t ion the rope i s fastened to the lower angle of the ammunition tab le and
run diagonally along the foot p la tes from the bottom rear to tfre top front
Ihey are prevented from sl iding forward by an-angle at the f ron t Turning
the turnbuckle t ightens the rope and holds the pla tes in p lace
The s t ru t s and end t i e rods are fixed permanently to the sockets
on the mount and vdien not in use are swung around and hung on the side of
the mount bull The center t i e rods are taken off and placed on top of the
loading platform in back of the front ammunition t a b l e
(b) To Place an End Outrigger for F i r ing
Six men required
Tools needed 2 - 2raquo x 6 inch boards 8 f t long 1 - s l ing of rope about 30 f t long 2 - Shovels 8819A 2 - Picks U51A 1 - Long handled shovel 1 - Axe U51D 1 - 0875 diameter x 24 rod to turn s t r u t adjusting screwshy1 - Crowbar 1243A 1 - Hammer U48F 1 - 2 x 4 timber about 5 long f^rtftatepiftg earth 1 - Rule 1 - Tape measure 4 - Stakes
1 - 1 x 2 board exactly 90 inches long
(1) Move t i e if necessary and lay off oblong on ground 60 x 35
so that one corner of the long side is 56 from center of mount and 28
from center l i ne of trucks and the other corner will be 108 from center
l i ne of mount and 68 from center l ine of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pplusmnb u n t i l sides meet at a depth of 90 from top
of car platform
23176
(3) Loosen up turn bustle of footplate lashing^ and remove a l l foot
plates from platform and place them on ground in a convenient place
(-) Uohooi float lashing and throw to one side away from f loats
Fasten sling around upper f loat Slide i t dovn skids to ground and place
i t in p i t with i t s under surface resting on rear or sloping part of pi t
and with angles s t i l l horizontal
(5) Place a foot plate vdth i t s under surface bearing in the center
and between angles on the f loa t
(D) Lift outrigger strut out of carrying bracket and swing i t arround
on the socket casting and turn adjusting screw up in the strut so as to
isike i t as short as possible If i t is difficult to turn the adjusting
screw the 875 inch diameter rod should be used which f i t s in the holes
next to the ball-end Swing end of outrigger around until the ball is
right over socket of foot plate and turn adjusting screw out until the ball
bears against socket and causes compression in the strut
(7) Remove t i e roduf rom car and fasten to strutbull Turn the tumshy
buckle until rod is t igh t
(8) Pile earth against the part of under surface of float which
projects above the ground level tamping well to give a good bearing for
the whole under surface of float
(c) To Place a side Outrigger for Firing Refer to Plate XXIII
Six men required
Tools needed Same as for (b) above
( l ) Lay off oblong on ground 60 x 55^ so that one oorner of the
long side is IQOfl from center line of mount and 128 back from center line
23176
- 3 3 shy
of trucks and the other end Ls 155 from center line of mount and 128
back from center line of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pit until sides meet in the center of the pit at
a distance of 90 from the top of car platform
(3) Place floats and foot plates in the same manner as for end outshy
riggers
(4) Swing outrigger from mount and turn adjusting screw out until
the ball end bears against sOcket and causes compression in the strut
(5) Remove center t ie rods from car platform and connect to t ie rod
studs ^lowing rod to drop down to lugs on lower part of outrigger beam
and adjust turnbuckle until pin can be inserted in the holes in lugs
(6) Pile earth agpoundpoundnst part of under surface of float which projects
above the ground levellaquo tamping well to give a good bearing for the vhole
surface of floatbull
(7) Remove remaining floats if there are any from end car platshy
form and place them in a convenient place out of the my
(d) Tos Adjust Screw on Outriggers Refer to Plate XXIII
Qne man required
Tools needed
bull875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B
After the gun has been fired i t may be |ound that the outriggers
have packed the earth under the float and that the struts do not bear
firmly against the foot plates After every firing the adjusting screws
should be turned out if necessary in ordefr to make firm bearing As
stated above the adjusting screw should be turned out by means of the
bull875-inch rods which f i t in holes next to the ball end of the strut
23176
bull - 3 4 shy
(amp) To Adjust Floats Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed bull875 diameter by 24-inch rod 106B 1 Crowbar 1243A
If the movement of earth under the floats continues as the
firing goes on until the adjusting screws have reached their outward limit
earth or blocking will have to be placed under the float to give a new
bearing surfacelaquo To do this proceed as follows
(1) Turn adjusting screw up in the struts as irar as i t will go
(2) With crowLars move the foot plates and floats up tovyard the
car keeping their inclination the same as before
(3) Hold the floats in this position by means of wedges and f i l l in
the back of floats with earth or blocks until the whole under surface of
the floats have a firm bearing
(4) Turn adjusting screw out again to give compression in the strut
I t may be necessary also to adjust the length of t ie rod on side outriggers
which can be done by turning turn buckle
(f ) To Place Had Outrigger strut for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed
0875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B Hammer U48F
(1) Remove pin with spli t pin holding end t i e rod to outrigger
strut swing t i e rod around and hang i t on bracket on side of the mount
(2) Turn adjusting screv up on the strut as far as i t vail go
Swing free end of strut around and hanamp i t on bracket on side of mount
23176
- 3 5 shy
(g) To Place Sidcopy Outrigger for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII-
Four men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F -875-inch by 24-inoh rod 106B
(1) Remove pin connecting side t i e rod to outrigger s t r u t remove
t i e rod from bracket and place on car platform (see Plate XXIII)bull
(2) Turn adjusting screw of s t r u t up as far as i t wi l l go- thus
allowing s t ru t to swing free of foot p l a t e shy
(3) Lift free end of s t ru t and swing around on to top of base
p la t e inside of outrigger support
(h) To Place Floats and Foot p la tes for carrying - Refer to
Plate XXVI
Six men required
Tools needed 1 sl ing of 1-inch rope about 30 f t long 1 wrench double 0625 and 0raquo75 U43F 1 pinch bar i crowbar 1243A
(1) Lay foot p la tes to one side raise f i r s t f loa t with crowbar
and then s l ide f loat up skids on to rear platform of car Place f loat
vith long side against ammunition trough and angle side out angles benjig
v e r t i c a l (See Plate XXVI)
(2) Place second i l o a t as abovevwith the under surface of same
res t ing against the angles of the f i r s t f loa t bull
(3) Continue loading f loa t s as in (2) un t i l the l a s t one has been
placed on the mount
(4) Last f loa t s together as described in (a)raquo
23176
-36shy
(5) Place foot p la te on le f t front of car in inclined position
res t ing against ammunition table
(6) Continue loading remaining foot p la tes ampa in (5) un t i l the
l a s t one has been placed on the mount
(7) Laah foot p la tes together as described in ( a )
SECTION 0- - AMMUNITION HANDLING
Refer to Plates XV and XXVII
A t r i p l e x block lowers the ammunition from the ammunition car in
the rear of the mount to the ammunition trough bolted to the platform of
the Howitzer c a r The upper surface of the t ray is bu i l t on an incl ine
do that the ammunition can be s l i d on to a t a b l e This table wil l hold
seven p r o j e c t i l e s The crane (See Sect G ) ho is t s the ammunition from
the table to the loading t ray on the traversing part of the mount ampa inshy
cl ine trough extends from th i s t ray to tike breech of the Howitzer- Two
men then push the pro jec t i l e down the inclined surface into the breech of
the howitzer
ggCTION PVr MUZZLE SUPPORT
(a) Description Refer to Plates I and II
For l i s t of par ts with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The gun when traveling i s held firmly to the mount by a muzzle
support and band The muzzle of the gun res t s on the muzzle support which
in tum is supported by the ammunition trough A wire rope i s passed over
the muzzle and to the ammunition trough by a band latch and hinge On
one end of the vire rope a stud i s fastened in an open socket This stud
f i t s in a hole in the band latch and has a nut on i t By tightening th is
23176
laquo-37shy
nut the rope holds the muzzle- of the gun on the muzzle block
(b) To Place Muzzle Support
One man required
Tools needed 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s 1 - wrench double 0375 and 1 U4-3G
( l ) Depress gun to 0 degrees elevation and traverse to 0 degrees
azimuth having muzzle support block in place
(3) Place gun band over muzzle of gun and fasten to band hinge on
One side and band labrh stud on other side
(3) Screw up nut on band latch stud un t i l band is t igh t on muzzle
of gun
SECTION Q_raquo_ - CHESTS
One tool chest and two armament chests are carried with each mount-
They are made of 062-inch s tee l reinforced by angles on the outsidebull The
p la tes are flanged a t the corners to connect to adjacent p l a t e s Two f l a t
s t raps riveted to the bottom by countersunk r ivets serve to protect the
bottom of the chest
The covers are hinged t o the back of the chests and have catches
On e i ther side to hold them open The coders are locked by a lock bolt
a t each side and by Yale lock in the middle The chests are equipped with
handles on each end
The tool chest i s 4C-inches long 20-inches wide and 24-inches
h igh I t is equipped vith one t ray which res ts on shelf angles This chest
i s carried on the r ight end platform of the mount alongside of the loading
trough when t r a v e l i n g Lug angles bolted to the floor p la tes prevent i t
from shift ing
23175
The armament chests are 4G~inches long 20-inches wide and 12shy
inches high They are equipped with two trays placed on top of each
bdquobull -rltA supported on tne chest bottom
bullWhen the mcunt is traveling these chests are placed on the front
of the car platform just in back of the ammunition t a b l e They are held
in t h i s position with angles which are bolted to the floor p l a t e s
The chests should be removed from mount when in f i r ing position
and placed in some convenient p lace
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXXIV
The mount may be camouflaged using the five color system
following the foliage design vith color key in black and white shown on
Pla te XXXIV
The object of th i s method of painting is to break up the lamprge
surfaces into a number of small sections so as to produce the appearance
of a c lus ter of shrubbery vith patches of l ight and shadow
To completely camouflage the mount i t should be covered with a
semi-transparent camou1 lagcopy canopy of ten t form similar to that used for
tljre 12-in oh Gun Railway Carriage shown on drawings Class 85 Division 22
Drawings 1 2 and 3raquo
(b) Pa)ntslaquo
The pa in ts to be used are the Q Government Camouflage Paints
prepared for the five color sjrstem and in the proportion as follows
applied over a coat of Ordnance Grey and never on bare metal
123455
Brown Yellow Cream Green Mauve Black
No 4041 4C42
4043 4044 4046 4045
-10 3 5 10 2 1
par ts
bullbull deg 23176
- 39shy
Th e paiat numbers referred to above are the US Government
Paijit numbers The parts referred to indicate the relative amounts of
paints of the different colors which will be required to camouflage one
12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount
Each color for convenience should be furnished for use in one
gallon friction top cans with handle Paints should be furnished in the
cans mixed ready for use Mien paint becomes too thick and i t is necessary
to thin use ^linseed oil and turpentine for that purpose being careful
not to use too much turpentine
(c) To Apply the Paint
To apply the paint the surface should be free of all sand
cinders dirt and oil Paint formerly applied and adhering firmly to the
surface need not be removed The section to which the different colors
are to be applied are then laid off in accordance with the design shown
on Plate
After the mount has been properly marked off into the different
sections the colors should be carefully applied care being taken to inshy
sure an even smooth coatf After the different colors have been applied
the lines where the colors meet should be covered with a black band about
one and one quarter inches wide Rrecautions should be taken to see that
the paint is dry and hard before permitting anything to come in contact
with the painted surface
(d) To Remove Paint
The paint may be removed by turpentine or by the use of a paint
torch if care is taken in the use of the flame
pound3 L7
-40shy
MAINTMANCE OFJEHE
SECTION A - Care of Recoil Mechanism
(a) The recoil cylinder should be emptied and refilled once every
three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months or ofterier if
conditions require i t
The liquid inithe recoil cylinder is a solution of esectual parts
glycerine and water- The density of the liquid should be 115 and should
have a neutral or alkaline reaction oaused by adding caustic soda or
caustic potash chemically pure A hydrometer which is kept in the arshy
mament chest whennot in use is furnished to test the solution for densityraquo
This liquid should be filtered through a clean piece of muslin or linen
before using Ihe glycerine should be kept in closed cans provided for
the purpose and be carefully protected from dirt sand and g r i t Liquid
drawn from cylinders and containing sediment must not be used again until
i t has been allowed to set t le for not less than 24 hours
(b) To dismount recoil mechanism Refer to Plate VII
The dismounting of the recoil mechanism should never be undertaken
in the f ield
Four men required one cylinder at a time
Tools neededWrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Buckets Can Screw drivershy U45W gt Wrench single 425 nuts U596D Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower
lt
U596A Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C Wrench recoil cylinders U596B
(1) Elevate the Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plug and drain
liquid from cylinder into buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders
(2) Remove looking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
iod nuts rear
(3) Remove air from recuperator by unscrewing emptying valve on
rear end of recuperator cylinder
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug on the recoil band clears
the end of piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nut front
(5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rod remove follower
gland and packing and screw follower and stuffing box back into the
cylinder
(6) Remove cylinder head weight 174 pounds
(7) Draw piston rod vith piston out through cylinder head end of
cylinder The weight of piston rod vith piston is approximately 392 pounds
care should therefore be used in handling itraquo
(8) Unscrew recoil cylinder and slide cylinder out The cylinder
weighs 628 pounds
(9) Stuffing box follower and leather vasher rray be removed Lockshy
ing screw need not be removed
(c) To Assemble Recoil Mechanism Refer to Plate VII bull
The assembling of the recoil mechanism should never be under
taken in the field
Four men required
Tools needed Wrench recoil cirlinders U596B Screw driver U45S Wrench recoil cylinders U595B Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
- 4 2 shy
Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U595D Screw driver U45W Wrench double 0625 and075 U43F Hand mallet U47AN bull Brass rod 0312 (516) diameter by 12 inches Glycerine and water solution (either new or used) Hydrometer (if solution is new) Filling funnel Can
6 rings of 0375 inch Garlock packing
(1) Insert recoil cylinder in cradle and push i t through until
threads on cylinder come in contact with threads on cradle- Turn cylinder bull
with wrench on flats at stuffing box end until cylinder flange bears fineshy
ly on cradle andnotch in flange at stuffing box end lines up with hole
in cylinder for locking screw
(2) Screw locking screw in cradle
(3) Insert piston rod in cylinder and place leather washer stuffing
box washer stuffing box with gland and follower in place and piston
rod nut (front) on rod when it is pushed through stuffing box end of tcyshy
linder Screw stuffing box in place and ppoundsh piston rod to rear through
recoil band advancing piston rod nut until the distance from the end of
the threaded end of rod to the rear end of cylinder equals 24375- - 001
inches 1
(4) Look the front and rear piston rod nuts
(5) Pack the stuffing box as per instructions erection A division e
(6) With leather washer and recoil cyiinderhead bushing in place
screw on cylinder head v
(7) Fill cylinder vith the glycerine and water solution using f i l l shy
ing funnel prescribed as per instructions section A division d
(d) To Fil l ret oil cylinders Refer to Plate VII
- 4 3 shy
Two men required
Tools needed Wrenchj double 0raquo625 and 075 U43F Pilling Funnel Glycerine and water solution (either new or used)
Hydrometer (if solution is new)
(1) Set Howitzer at 0 degree with recoil band against stops on
cradle and remove filling plugs
(2) In3ert fi l l ing funnel ampnd f i l l to overflowing with solution
of glycerine and water Allow escape of air ref i l l remove funnel and
screw filling plugs tight
(e) To Pack Stuffing Box- Refer to Plate VII
One man required
Tools needed Spanner wrench stuffing box follower- U596A Hand mallet U47AN 60 rings of 0375-inch Garlock packing Screw driver U45W Wrench single 425 nuts U50D Wrench box U423D Brass rod 0312 (5l6) diameter by 12 inches Can
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs and drain
liquid from cylinders to buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders Elevate
Howitzer to 0 degree elevation
(2) Allow air to escape from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing
exhaust stem in valve rear end of cylindershy
(3) Remove locking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug 033 the recoil band clears
the end of the piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nuts
front
-44shy
5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rodj remove follower
guand and packing screw stuffing box back into cylinder and discard
any of the packing that is unfit for use If any is used to repack i t
should be put in after new
(6) To repack put on the piston rod one ring of the packing and shy
force i t well to the bottom of the stuffing box by brass rod and malletlaquo
Treat each ring of packing in the same manner beingcareful to break
joints until three rings of new packing or an equal amount of new and
old packing have been inserted Enter the gland and follower in the box
and soreyen up t ight
(7) Screw piston rod nuts (front) on rods slide Howitzer forward
put piston rod nuts (rear) on and add locking screws
(8) Fill recoil cylinder as prescribed in section A division (d)
(9) Fill recuperator cylinder with air as prescribed in-section B
division (d)
The addition of the leather vasher around the piston rod in front
of the stuffing box allows less force to tighten the follower than if it
were the plain packing
The follower should be tightened up from time to time If i t is
screwed into the stuffing box too tightly an unnecessary amount of fricshy
tion will be produced On the rod Hi en the follower is screwed 4n until
the flange strikes the box i t should be repacked
(f) To Clean Recoil Cylinders
This operation should not b3 undertaken in the field
Three men required Tools needed
Wrench double 0525 and 075 U43F Buckets Can bull
Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower U596A Screv driver U45W Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U596D Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
Plumbers hand force pump with hose
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs drain liquid
into buckets^ and elevate Howitzer to 0 degree
(2) Remove locking screws frrom piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(3) Release followers a few turns remove cylinder heads weight
174 pounds each apd draw out piston rods as prescribed in section A
division (b)
(4) Thoroughly clean cylinders vith kerosene oil forced into both
ends with pump and wipe the interiors dry with clean waste Clean the
piston rod and cylinder heads
(5) Replace piston rod cylinder heads and tighten follower Screw
nuts in place on piston rod and lock
SECTION B - Care of Recuperator
(a) In general Refer to plate VIII bull
The recuperator cylinder and plunger should be emptied and reshy
fil led onpe every three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months
or of tenor if conditions require itlaquo
The liquid in the plunger is the same as that in the recoil
cylinder (See section A division (a) second paragraph)
The in i t ia l pressure of the air$ with Howitzer in lottery should
be 1550 pounds per square inch and of the liquid 1700 pound per equate
inch The pressures are indicated by the pressure gauges on the su^poi-
2 b _ bullbullbull
- 4 6 shy
vith the pump If the pressure of the air is not sufficient to reshy
turn the howitzer to tattdry at maximum elevation 60 degrees and if the
plunger is not full of liquid pump glycerine solution into plunger until
either normal pressure or a full plunger is obtained provided that the
variation from 1550 pounds per square inch is small
If this variation islarge connect the compressed air tank and
raise the pressure in the air chamber The amount of space between the
rear face-of tige washer on the front end of the piston rod and the front
face of the stuffing bampx gland indicates the amount the pistonjhas moved
toward the plunger caused by leakage of the liquid When this distance
equals approximately 5875 inches the piston is resting against the plunger
the plunger must be refilled with liquid before this condition exists or
serious darcage will be done There should always be a space between the
rear face of the washer and the front face of the gland even vhen plunger
is full of liquid Because if the washer is against the gland there is
nothing to indicate that the liquid pressure is balanced by the air pressure
and any excess liquid pressure may damage the piston rod
The pull rod bearings in cradle should always be well lubfcicsated
(b) To Dismount Recuperator Refer to Plate VIIIbull
This operation should never be done in the field unless i t becomes
absolutely necessary The Howitzer must not be elevated while the re-
cup erfi t or is dismounted
Five men required
Tools needed Wrench box U423D Spanner wrench U423E Wrench double 125 and 15 U--33A Screw driver U45AN
- 4 7 shy
Cocket wrench U422G Handle U422H Socket wrenchU422D
bullWrench double 0875 and 1 UltL-3G Wrench U423A Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Screw driver U45AE Socket wrenehi U422C
(1) With the Howitzer at 0 degrees open upper stem on l iquid
valve un t i l l iquid begins to escape then c lose
(2) Depress the Howitzer t o -5 degrees and secure by means of the
muzzle support
(3) Empty a i r from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing both steins
in a i r valve at rear end of cylinder I t i s very important t h a t - a l l the a i r
be allowed to escape before removing any p a r t s
(4) Slack off the front nuts on the large stuffing box at front end
r l recuperator cylinder in order to take the pressure off of the plunger
caused by the pqcking
(5) Push plunger and piston t o the rear with i t s yoke unt i l pul l
rod bushings are uncovered holding pul l rods in the i r original pos i t ion
-(6) Block up under plunger at a point just behind the yoke to
support plunger
(7) Remove lock screw in each yoke bushingbull
(8) Unscrew yoke bushingsbull
(9) Remove pull-rod bracket
(10) Push pul l rods to r ea r
(11) Remove yoke bushings
(12) Pull out the plunger piston rod and yoke which weigh about
500 pounds care being taken t o have these par ts centered at a l l times an
to protect the outer surface of plunger 2 j l lt bull
- 4 8 shy
(13) Remove piston-rod nut washer gland and stuffing box
rivaLl with packing and plunger l ea the r
(14) Draw out piston
(15) Disconnect a i r and liquid piping and remove l iquid valve
(16) Remove plunger protection ring f e l t rusher gland stuffing
box large with packing and plunger leather packing
bullbull(17) Remove set screw in cylinder clamp lock unscrew cylinder
clarnp lock and s l ide cylinder out to rear weight about 895 pounds bullbull
(c) To Assemble Recuperator Refer to Plate VI I I
This operation should never be undertaken in the f ie ld unless i t
becomes absolutely necessary
Five men required-
Tools needed
3 rings flax packing 30D Piston washer leather 30B Spanner wrench U423G Socket wrench U422C Socket wrench U422D Screw driver U45AN Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Wrench- U423A Wrench double 087 5 and 1 U43G Socket wrench U422G Handle U422H Screw driver U45AE Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench U423D 10Ting flax packing 27N and 28M 2 leather packing 27H and 28K I ras3 rod 0437 (716) diameter by 12 inches F i l l ing funnel Can 2 tanks of compressed air
-49shy
I (I) Slide cylinder into housing in cradle screw cylinder clamp
lock on front end of cylinder and lock vith set screw Cylinder weights
1040 pounds
() Place stuffing box gland leather packing and felt washer
on plunger and slide to front
(3) Assemble packing gland and washer to piston and place piston
rod in place in plunger
(4) Push piston and plunger into cylinderlaquo
(5) Pack stuffing box large and put nuts on studamp care being
taken to tighten up nuts alternately so packing bears properly (See
division (amp)bull)
(6) Push plunger to the rear screw yoke bushings on pull iods
and slide pull rods in place
(7) Put leather packing and stuffing box small in plunger and
put nuts on studs
(8) Pack stuffing box sir^H place gland in place and screvnuts
on studs care being taken to tighten up nutsalternately so packing
bears uniformly (see division (e)raquo)
(9) Place washer on end of pistorj- rod and screw nut against shoulder
lOJ Bolt liquid valve to cylinder and connect up air and liquid
piping
(II) Fill the plunger vith liquid connect up the air tank and
f i l l the cylinder vith a i r
(d) To f i l l recuperator cylinder Refer to Plate VIII
Five men required
Tools needed
-5Oshy
Box wrench U423A Wrench U423D Can Glycerine and water solution
Two tanks of compressed a i r
(1) Fill plunger with glycerine and water solution by means of
the pump and at the same time letting compressed air into the air chamshy
ber being careful to keep the liquid and air pressures balanced as inshy
dicated by projection of piston rod forward from stuffing box
When plunger is full there should be only a small space be-v
tween front face of stuffing box gland and rear face of washer at front
end of piston rod Never allow these twoitcopy come together
(2) To f i l l the air chamber -the following has to be done- Connect
upoundgt the air tank with the air pipe connection by the copper tubing open
the valve on the tank then open the valve on the air cylinder Two tanks
are usually sufficient to run the air pressure in recuperator cylinder up
to 1700 pounds per square inch others or parts of others may be used if
necessary
(e) To pack stuffing boxes Refer to plate VIIIbull
One ring of packing is placed in stuffing box and forced well
to bottom with braks rod and mallet Treat each ring of packing in the
same manner being careful to break joints until the five rings have been
inserted Nuts on studs should be screwed tight against glandsraquo 1
TOien repacking these stuffing boxes recuperators must be dis-
mounted (see section B division (b) ) sufficiently to get the packing
out -Any of the old packing that is unfit for use should be discarded-
If any of the old is used to repack i t should be put in after the new
The addition of the leather washers around the piston r^d ampi
plunger in the rear of the stuffing boxes allows less fcrcc to tghJ-en
-51shy
the glands than if i t were the plain packing
The nuts around the glands should be tightened from time to time
If the glands are pressed too tightly into the stuffing boxes an unshy
necessary amount of friction will be produced on the plunger and rod When
the glands are pushed in until they strike the stuffing boxes they should
be repacked
(f) To clean recuperator cylinder and plunger Refer to Plate
See Section B division (b)
This should never be undertaken in the field except in case
of absolutenecessity V i x
Dismount the recuperator thoroughly clean the cylinder
and plunger with kerosene o i l forced into them with plunger s force pump
Wipe the^ in te r io rs dry with clean cotton waste Clean the piston and
pis ton rod
SECTION C - CARE OFELEVATING MECHANISM
(a) To Dismoipit the elevating mechanism Refer to p la tes XI and
XII
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0875 and 1 U4-3G Wrench double 125 and 15 U13BA Wrench double 2 and 225 IK-3ATC Wrench pinion shaft and nut 35 U82H SJcrew driver U45AN Screv driver U45AE Machinist s hammer U48F
Pin punch U47AF Blocks of wood
(1) Take hand wheel off and remove brake band
(2) Remove pinion shaft gear from elevating pinion shafts and
bull lt bullbull bull
- 5 2 shy
rmove elevating pinion shaf t
(3) Take off intermediate pinion shaft nut and washer and remove
intermediate pinion shaft) care being taken to see that intermediate gear
13 blocked up
(4) Remove elevating gear p la te with bearings fastened to i t
(5) Remove intermediate gear
(6) Take off handwheel sha f t
(7) Remove rack
(b) To assemble elevating iaechanism
Reverse the operations as outlined in above for dismounting bull
SECTION D - CARE Off TRAVERSING MECHANISM
(a) To dismount t ravers ing mechanism Refer to Plate XIIIbull
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrenoh double 1raquo25 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C Hammer machinists U48FshyPunch pin U47AF
Wrencty double 2 and 225U43AW
(1) Screw out side leveling screw remove sight with sight bracket
from cradle t runnions
(2) Take off gear case cover
(3) Remove pin and co l la r from end of worm shaft and draw i t out
(4) Knock out pins in lower part of ve r t i c a l trqversing shaft
and take off t ravers ing p in ion
(5) Drav shaft with worm vheel up through case push worm to side
of case when s t a r t ing (
- 5 3 shy
(6) Worm may then be removed from case aad case taken off side
of frame worm wheel may also be driven off shaf t
(b) To Assemble t raversing mechanism Refer to p la te XIII
Tnree men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 6375 and 05 U431 Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 2raquo and 225 U43AW Hammer machinists U48F Punch pin U47AF
(1) Bolt gear case to side frame and place vnra in pocket in case
(2) Drive worm vheel on shaft and place shaft in pos i t ion i
Worm must be held against wall of case gtS3aen assembling vheel and shaft
(3) Drive pinion on shaft and pin in p lace
(4) Slide worm shaft in place and lock i t vith pin and collar
(5) Bolt cover on case and bolt sight assembled or sight bracket
to t runnions
(6) Connect up leveling screw
SECTION F - CARE OF MMUNITEON CRANE
(a) To dismount ammunition c rane liefer to Dlate XXVII
Men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 pin punch
1 screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 anc 05 U-V3C 1 Wrench double 0625 auc O55 Ir4JF 1 Wrench double 0875-and Xraquo U43C
(l) Remove bolt fastening hoisting ropci to erjd of crime mast and
place bolt back in socket on rope This rejiovss sheave block
- 5 4 shy
sheave and crane hook
(2) Remove intermediate rope guard and sheave from crane mast
(3) Remove lower sheave bracket from crane mast and leave sheave and
rope guard attached to sheave bracket
(4) Unpin crank shaft co l l a r andrunscrew crank shaft n u t s
(5) Remove le f t crank and l e f t crank bushing rIhe crank shaft may
now be withdrawn to the l e f t and the pinion s ratchet and f r i c t ion box
and f r i c t ion disc be l i f t ed out The r ight crank may also be withdrawnbull
(6) Remove s p l i t pinsj drive out drum shaft and l i f t out drum and
gear
(7) Remove drum bracket from crane maftr
(8) Remove crane mast from crane mast pedestal and unbolt pedestal
from platform
(b) To AssembLe Ammunition Crane
Men Required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch
1 Screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075 II43F 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1 U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined above for dismounting in (a)laquo
Note- Care should be taken to see that the bronze and s tee l f r ic t ion
discs are assembled in t h e i r proper order
SECTION El ANTI-FRICTION DEVICE
(a) To Dismount a n t i - f r i c t i o n dev ice Refer t o P la te X
Four men required
Tools needed
Wrench single 175a U43V Wrench spanner U596E So rev driver U45AE
( l ) Unscrew locknut on adjusting screw
(Z) Remove s p l i t pin and nut from bearing support
(3) |Unscrew adjusting screw u n t i l beairinf support i s clear of bearshy
ing s e a t
(4) Remove r o l l e r and bearing s e a t
(5) Remove upper trunnion pin bearing anl key
(6) If t ipping pa r t s are out of side fcraiie bearing the bearing
support can be drawn up through the hole in s ids frame
(7) Bel lev i l le springs and washers can nor be removed
(8) Unscrew adjusting screw nut vith lockwasher attached to ifcraquo
(b) To assemble an t i - f r i c t i on device
Reverse the operation as outlined in afcove for dismounting
SECTION fl - CARE OF TRUCK3
(a) To remove trucks from Mount refer t o P la te XXXII
bull-8 Men required
Tools needed
4 Auxiliary jacks 1 Crowbar 1243A 1 Pinch bar
1 - 7-rinch p l i e r s U47AQ
(1) Remove s p l i t pin from l i ve lever pin a-d ^e7--e l ive lever pin
from rear t ruck lever connection Pl^ce l ino laver iivi i i hoe in 3 ive
lever and inse r t sp l i t pin shy(2) Lift- center pin from eenter p la ie hole usin^ pvrtn bar +y ^^-
-56shy
samej if necessary
(3) Raise mount with jacks as described in Part I Section (L) Divishy
sion (d) until mount is clear of trucks
(4) Shove trucks along until they are clear of mount
(fr) To Disassemble and Assemble Trucks Refer to Plate XXXII
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Wrench double 125 and 15 nuts U43BA 1 Wrench double 875 and I-inch U43G 1 - 7inch Pliers U47AQ 2 Crowbars 1243A Blocking 1 - 16-inch Monkey wrench U45LA lCfir Box Jacking screw with levers 1022C 4 Jacks 25-ton 1 Combination Hook and Packing tool
- 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar
(1) Remove pedestal t i e from both sides of truck replacing bolts in
t ies with nut locks and nuts
(2) Remove cotters from equalizer pins (put cotters in a convenient
place so they can be replaced in pin when same are later removed)
(3) Place jack screw on sectire blocking under inside pedestal castings
of outer wheels and raise truck frame until springs and equalizers are reshy
leased sufficiently for removing
(4) Remove semi-elliptic spring keys which will allow spring to be
removed
(5) Remove pins from equalizers and replace pins in same also replace
cotters (Refer to Art 2)
(6) Remove cotters and nuts from Helical spring bolts then remove
bolts and replace nuts and cotters Also remove springs and spring seats 33176
i
- 5 7 shy
7) Place car jack on secure blocking under serai-elliptic spring
soat and raise truck frame sufficient to remove wheels and journal boxes
(Snail jack screws and blocking can now be removed)
(8) Push end wheels with journal boxes away from truck framebull
(9) Disconnect bottom connection rod from both front and rear truck
levers and replace connection pins in their respective places in rods
(lltQ) Remove rear truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole from which it was taken in brajfce beam
( l l ) Disconnect front truck lever from dead lever bracket and replace
connection piniiin dead lever bracket
(12)) Disconnect dead lever bracket from dead lever fulcrum bracket and
replace connection pin in dead lever bracket
(13) Remove front truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole in brake beam
(14) Pull out brake shoe keys and remove brake beams and brake shoes
(15) Remove brake shoe hangers from side frames and replace hunger bolts
with keys in hangers
(16) Place blocking under pedestal casting of end wheels at either end
of truck most convenient and remove the car jacks near the end so blocked
by unscrewing jacks so as to allow frame to rest on blocking This will
permit moving center wheel with boxes intorposition formerly occupied by
aid wheels
(17) Replace ca^r jacks under semi-elliptic spring seats as before and
raise this end so as to release load of frame from blocking at end
(18) Remove end-blocking and push wheels away from frame
(19) Open journal box doors and remove journal box packing with hook
and packing tool 2SI16
-58shy
(20) Tilt the outer ends of the boxes up until bearing wedge and bearshy
nings can be removed remove wedges and take beardiigs out Then remove
boxes
(21) To Assemble Trucks Reverse the process just described
(c) To Pack Journal Boxes
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hook nd Packing Tool Bucket or Tin can of 3 to 5 gallons capacity Galena Oil bull I
Wool or Cotton Waste
(1) With hook and packing tool remove waste also all particles of
sand and gr i t from journal boxes
(2) In the bucket or tin can place enough waste to pack the number of
journal boxes to be packed wool waste is preferable but cotton waste
will do and saturate with Galena Oil
(3) With hook and pacafcing tool pack the oil saturated waste firmly
into the lower section of the Journal Boxes Note - The life of the journal
bearings will be considerably lengthened and the trouble arising from
burned out bearings will be reduced to a minimum if regular inspections be
made of the journal box packing If the car is to be moved a considerable
distance especially after having stood in one place for any length of
time i t i s vrell to see that a l l boxes are well packed with oil saturated
wasted Care should be taken to see that the covers are kept closed and
promptly replaced where broken or lost in order to keep out as much as
possible a l l sand and gri t
(d) To Replace Journal Bearings
Two men required 73V 6
Tools needed
1 Pinch Bar 1 Car Box Jacking Screw 1 Hook and Packing Tool
(1) With car body jacks ra ise car body about two inches
(2) With car box jacking screw ra ise the journal box from which the
bearing i s to be removed about two incheslaquo
(3) Raise journal box cover and remove bearing wedge with hook withshy
draw bearing
(4) Put new bearing in posit ion and replace bearing wedge pack journal
box packing firmly around lower half of journal and be certain that ijournal
bearing and wedge are properly seated
(e) To Place Trucks Under ca r
Reverse procedure outlined in Part I I Section G Division (a)laquo
SECTION- H - CARE OF TRUCKS
(ai To Disassemble Air Brake Refer to plates XIX apid XX bull
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch P l i e r s U47 AQ 1 Pinch Bar 1 Wrench double raquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U45DA 1 S t i l l s on Pipe wrench -25 and 25- inches 637D 1 Wrench double 083 5 and 1-inch riutsU43G 1 Wrench^ double Olaquo625 and 0laquo75-inch nutsfU43F
1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nutsU43^euro
(1) Disconnect hand brake pullrod and brake cylinder leyer connection
from brake cylinder lever and replace connection pin in end of pullrod
(2) Disconnect f loating lever connection from f loat ing lever and re shy
place connection pin in f loat ing lever connection 23176
- 6 0
Disconnect l i ve lever from f loat ing lever and replaco pin in l ive
lever
(4) Unbolt and remove cylinder lever fulcrumfrom center s i l l and re shy
place bolts in t h e i r respective holes in center s i l l and remove cylinder
lever from cylinder lever fulcrum
(5) Disconnect brake cylinder pushrod from cylinder lever and replace
connection pin in end of pushrod disconnect f loat ing lever from floating
lever fulcrum and replace pin in f loating levershy
(6) Unbolt and remove f loat ing lever fulcrum from under side of floor
p la te and replace bolts in fulcrum
(7) Disconnect union on cross pipe between cylinder and reservoir and
remove pipe
(8) Unbolt and remove brake cylinder from support and replace bolts
in support bull
bullbull(9) Disconnect pipes and e l l s from reservoir tha t connect with cross
pipe t o cylinder
(10) Unbolt t r i p l e valve from reservoir
(11) Unbolt and remove reservoir from supports replacing bol ts
(X2) Remove t r i p l e valve
(13) Unscrew pipe3A-
(14) Remove centrifugal d i r t col lector
(15) Remove elbow and pipe GA
(16) Unscrew pige AA from cut out cock and remove self-locking cutshy
out cock No 2135 vith upper pipe AA from 125 t e o
(17) Remove upper pipe AA from cut out cock
23176
(18) Remove V bolt in end s i l l and unccrew self~lockng nngle cck
No 22413
(19) Unscrew pipe R from coupling leaving coupling en pipe SMlaquo
(20) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe S from 125 e l l and leave
e l l on pipe T
(21) Remove pipe T11 from 125 ampee and leave tee on pipe U
(22) Unscrew pipe U from e l l and leave e l l on pipeVi4
(23) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe W from elbregw and leave
elbow on pipe X
(24) Unscrew pipe nX with drain cock from pipe HZ
Note- If i t i s desired to disassemble the complete a i r brake equipment
on mount repeat the above operation for disassembling the mechaniftzft under
the other end of the mount
(b) To Disassemble-land Assemble Handbrakes Refer to Plate XIX and XX-
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0625 and 0raquo7pound-inch nutsU43F
(1) Disconnect handbrake pul l rod from cylinder lever qt3 replace
connection pin in end of rod
(2) Remove handbrake sheave from handbrake pul l rod take chain from
around sheave and fasten sheave back in rod jaws with p in
(3) Unbolt and remove pu l l rod hanger and replace bolts in hanger
(4) Remove pul l rod
(5) Disconnect handbrake chain from brake mast step and brake mast
23176
-62shy
(6) Unbolt and remove brake mast step and replace bolts on mast s t e p p pR b(7(7)) Remove brake mast with handwheel and ratchet attached
c) gtv To Assemble Air Brake Refer to Plates XIX and XX
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 75 gad 1-inch U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch l)47DA 1 St i l l son Pipe Wrench 25 to 25 inches 637D 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075-inch nuts U43F 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1-inch nuts U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined in Section H division ( a )
(d) To clean and Oil Brake Cylinder Refer to p la te XXIX
Two men required
Tools needed
1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 625 and 0875-inch nuts U153E 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U47DA
(1) Disconnect pushrod from cylinder l ever
(2) Remove bolts connecting cylinder to brake cylinder brake and re shy
move pipes connecting cylinder to rese rvo i r
(3) Remove piston head
(4) With kerosene o i l thoroughly clean and remove a l l pa r t i c l es of
sand and g r i t from piston piston r ing and inside of cyl inder
(5) Oil piston lea ther in pis ton with heavy o i l or l igh t grease
(6) Put piston back in cylinder and replace whole on c a r
(9) To clean and o i l t r i p l e valvo K--2 Refer to Pla te XXXIII
Two men required
Tools needed 23176
O
l bull
1 Stillson Pipe Wrench 25 to- 2 5~inchesf 637D i Hamroerj U48F 1-7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Wrench double laquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inchj U47DA 1 Wrench double raquo375 and 5-inch nuts U153B
(1) Disconnect branch pipe union and remove branch pipe from tr iple valve
(2) Dplusmnggt$ pinealtriple valve f roiaauxiliary valvalaquo
(3) Unscrev union nut 17 and remove strainer 16 bull
(4) Unscrev graduating stem nut 20 and remove graduating spring 22raquo
(5) Remove nut from bolts 24 and take off cylinder cap 19 and- cylinder
cap gasket 23
(6) Withdraw piston and slide valve from casing
(7) Remove cap screws 25 and take off check valve case 13 and emergency
valve 9
(8) Remove piston 8laquo
(9) Remove emergency valve 10 and check valve 15raquo
(10) Unscrev retarding device 29 and remove retarding spring 33 and
stem 31bull
(11) Clean a l l parts thoroughly with kerosene oilraquo Using oil sparingly
oil t r iple piston and surface between slide valve and slide valve seat Also
surface between graduating valve and slide valve
(12) Assemble by reversing procedures as outlined above and replace
t r ip le valve in position
(f) To Clean Centrifugal Dirt Collector Refer to Plate XXXI
One man required
Tools needed None
( l) Open cock at bottom of collector until a l l particles of sand
dir t and water are blovn out
23176
-64shy
(g) To Take Up Shoo Wear
Oncopy man required
Tools needed
1 P l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch b a r
(1) Release brakes both hand and air
(2) Disconnect front t ruck lever from dead lever bracket move front
t ruck lever out un t i l the rear t ruck lever wi l l not go back to less than
15-inchear from the t ruck bo ls te r and remake connection in proper hole in
dead lever bracket
(3) If necessary the shoes can be set up t i gh t e r by moving the front
t ruck lever to the end holes Of the bottom connection rod
(m) To Replace Brake Shoes Refer to Plate XXXII
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U47AM 1 Pinch Bar
(1) Release brakes both hand and a i r -
(2) Withdraw brake shoe keys take out worn shoes and replace with
new ones
SECTIOIj I shy CARE OF JACKS
(a) To Disassemble screw jacks Refer to Plate XXV
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch 1 Wrench double1 Wrench double^
125 and 15 U43G 0625 and 075 U43F
23176
-65shy
(1) Unscrew lower jack pinion stud nut and remove ratchet and pawl
with housing bull
(2) Remove upper jack pinion stud nut and take out jack pinion stud
with jack pinion attached
(3) Remove jack screw nut and let jack and ram rest against guide
(4) Take washers and screw gear off of screw
(5) Remove stop from ram and guide from base plate
(6) Remove screw and ram
Note- In order to remove screw and ram i t is necessary to run the mount
over a pi t or dig a hole in the ground
(b) To Assemble screw jacks reverse the operations outlined above for
disassembling
(c) Care and Oilijig of Jaciss
The jacks should be lubricated frequently To do ifcis a steel
compression grease cup is screwed into the stop on the ram This cup should
nevor be without grease in i t The jack levers should be removed and placshy
ed in some convenient place on the platform
(d) Care of Auxiliary Jacks
When not in use the auxiliary jacks should be placed under the
ammunition table The bearings of the jack should be kept well oiled and the
main lifting screw and the teeth of the gears should be lubrioated vith
heavy grease when necessary to make jacks work easily
PART I I I
SECTION A PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED BEFORE FIRING
(a) This carriage is designed to be fired from 20 to 60 degrees elevashy
tion do not fire it below 20 degrees
23176
-66shy
(b) Fold up platform at breech of Howitzer
(c) Take reading at liquid pressure gauge this reading should be 1700
pounds per squre inch a small amount of liquid will leak out each round
and is replaced by means of the pump
(d) Take reading^at air pressure gauge this reading should be 1550
pounds per square inch
(e) The distance the recuperator piston rod moves indicates liquid leakshy
ing at the packing and the rod should never be allowed to stand out past
the gland more than 5laquo875 inches
(f) Traverse gun through entire allowed movement to nampke sure that all
parts work freely
(g) Elevate Howitzer through entire range of elevation to see that all
parts work freely
(h) Make sure that a l l nuts tap bolts and screws on elevating mechanism
traversing mechanism panoramic sight and elevation quadrant are set up
properly
(i) Make an inspection of recoil and counter recoil systems to see
thqfc they are properly assembled especially after the Howitzer has been
dismounted from the oradle
(k) See that the outriggers are set securely
(l) See that the underframing of the mount has a uniform bearing on
the ground platform
(m) Make sure that the recoil cylinder is properly fi l led
(n) All brakes should be released
23176
-67shy
TOBE_OBSERVED BEFORE TRAVELLING
(a) see that a l l equipment to be carried on the mount is properly
Secured and that none of i t projects out past the clearance l ine
(b) Depress gun to 0 degree elevation and traverse i t to 0 degrees
azimuth and fasten gun with travelling lock
(c) Remove panoramic telescope place i t in carrying case and store
in secure place
(d) An inspection should be n^de of journal boxes to see that they
are properly packed and that the bearings have not worn down too much
(e) An inspection should be made also of the brake shoes and mechshy
anism If there is too much play between the brake shoes and wheels
the wear should be taken up in the brake mechanism or the brake shoes
replaced with1 nev ones
(f) Be sure that the complete set of tools areoOn hand
(g) See that buffers and couplings are in proper working condition
PART V
TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF 12-INCH HOWITZER RAILWAY MOUNT MODEL OF 1918
Length of reco i l normal 36 max 375
Angle of Elevation ( f i r i n g 4 2 0 to46O o
ti laquo Depression - 5 loading
it laquo t raverse 360deg
Weight of recoi l ing pa r t s (empty) - 49188
n t ipping 64533(Loaded 65333)
Weight of Car including base p la te 102880
Length over draft Gear - 42 f t 2 i n approx
Total weight of trucks (two) 30000 l b s
-68shy
Type of trucks 6-wheel - 55 x 10 journals
Diameter of vheels 28 in
Weight of t ravers ing parts with gun (Empty) 92353
Total weight on t rack - 19 5 243 bull
Weight of gun including recoi l band amp breech mech bull 47f239
Muzzle Velocity 1950 f s
Range 21600 yds (Approx)
Wt Pro jec t i l e 700 l b s
Wt Povder 95
Chamber pressure 37000 l b s
Muzzle energy 18474 f t tons
Total rod pul l a t 60deg - 348766 l b s
per qxle a t t rack (front) 35931 l b s
laquo n ti ti ( rea r ) 29150 M
23176
O l
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bull copy o fi 2 O
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to gt bull copy copy O H bullH poundo H O CO bullH rH CO CM fi o H
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SECTION D - C a r e of t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m
( a ) To d i s m o u n t t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m bull laquo bull laquo bull
( b ) To a s s e m b l e t r a v e r s i n g m e c h a n i s m
S e c t i o n E - C a r e of a n t i - f r i c t i o n D e v i c e laquo
( a ) To d i s m o u n t a n t i - f r i c t i o n d e v i c e bull bull bull
( b ) To a s s e m b l e a n t i - f r i c t i o n d e v i c e bull raquo laquo
S e c t i o n F shy C a r e of A m m u n i t i o n C r a n e lt
( a ) To d i s m o u n t a m m u n i t i o n c r a n e
( b ) To a s s e m b l e a m m u n i t i o n c r a n e
S e c t i o n G - C a r e of t r u c k s
( a ) To r e m o v e t r u c k s raquo
( b ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a n d a s s e m b l e t r u c k s bull bull bull bull raquo
( c ) To p a c k j o u r n a l b o x e s
( d ) To r e p l a c e j o u r n a l b e a r i n g s bull raquo bull
( e ) To p l a c e t r u c k s u n d e r c a r
S e c t i o n H - C a r e of B r a k e s raquo bull bull bull
( a ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a i r b r a k e
( b ) T o d i s a s s e m b l e a n d a s s e m b l e h a n d b r a k e a
( c ) T O a s s e m b l e a i r b r a k e raquo bull bull
(d) To clean and o i l brake cy l inde r
(e) To clean and oil triple valve
(f ) To clean centrifugal dirt collector
23176
Page
( g ) To t a k o up shoe wear bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull bull bull lt
( h ) To r e p l a c e b r a k e s h o e s bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n I - Care of j a c k s bull bull raquo bull bull bull raquo bull raquo laquo bull bull
( a ) To d i s a s s e m b l e s c r e w j a c k s laquo
( b ) To a s s e m b l e s c r e w j a c k s laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull gt bull bull bull bull
( c ) Care and o i l i n g of s c r ew j a c k s bull bull
( d ) Care of a u x i l i a r y j a c k s laquo bull bull bull
PART I I I
S e c t i o n A - P r e c a u t i o n s t o b e obse rved b e f o r e f i r i n g bull bull bull
S e c t i o n B - P r e c a u t i o n s t o be obse rved b e f o r e t r a v e l l i n g bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n C - L i s t of g r e a s e cups and handy o i l e r s laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
PART IV - L i s t of P a r t s
PART V - T a b l e of Weights and Dimens ions
PART VI - L i s t of T o t a l Equipment
13175
~5 shy
List of Plates _
I - 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Right Side Elevation
II bull 12-inch Howitzer Rarilwey Mouvjt Left Side Elevation ltraquo
I I I 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Longitudinal Section
IV 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Plan View
Vlaquo 12-indc1 Howitzer Railway Mount Ftfoi-it Viev
VI 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Rear View
VII Recoil Cylinder Assembly
VIII Recuperator Assemblybull
IX Liquid Pump and Piping Arrangement
Xlaquo Liquid Pump Assembly
XIraquo Elevating Assembly
XII Foot lever Assembly
XIII Traversing Assembly
XIV Anti-frriction Device Assembly
XV Loading Assemblyraquo
XVI platform^Assembly Right Side
XVII Platform Assembly Left Side
XVIII Frame Assembly
XIX Air Brake Assembly Front
XE Air Brake Assembly Rear
XXI Lever Assembly Plan View
XXIIbull Lever Assembly Side View
XXIII Outrigger Assembly
YYIV Foundation Assembly
XXV Jack Assembly
23176--
- 6 shy
XXVI Equipment Assemblylaquo
XXVII Ammunition Crane Assembler
XXVIII Weight distribution diagram
XXIX Air Brake Cylinder Type D 10X12
XXX jampuailiary reservoir Type D
XXXI Centrifugal dirt collector
XXXII Truck Assembly
XXXIII Triple Valve K-2
XXXIVD Camcu Isgeraquo
XXXVC Car frame French couplers
XXXVIe Buffer Assembly
XXXVII Draft Gear Assembly
2317$
_^2-Jampich Bovitzer_R^
_Model of 1918
Section A - General Description
(a) Descript ionlaquo
Refer to plates I II III IV V and VI
for l i s t of pgta-ts with their piece mrks and the material of which they
are made see page
The mount is designed to permit the Howitzer to be traversed
through 360 degreoSy elevated from minus 5 to plus 60 degrees and fired
from 20 to 60 degrees
The principal parts of the mount are the base plate which is
a part of the car proper racer distance ring and traversing rcopyllers side
frames cradle recoil system recuperator system traversing and elevating
mechanisms elevation quadrant panoramic sight loading tray loading
and working platforms and car proper including body trucks brakes and
couplers together with outriggers floats jacks and foundation details
The base plate is a one piece casting used as the center secshy
tion of the car proper and bolted to the car frame on each end The
lower roller path is machined on the upper side and a pintle surface is
machined on the outer side of the vertical annular flange on the inner
side of this flange the traversing rack is bolted
The racer is cast in one piece and has i ts lover surface machshy
ined forming the upper roller path corresponding to the lower roller
path on the base plate The inner vertical surface is machined to form
the female part of the pintle The outer vertical surface is machined and
graduations are engraved forming an azimuth circle
23175
There are 640 divisions of 10 mils each the 0 graduation
being on the left side of the racer 45 degrees left of gear- Ihe
aximuth pointer is of gernian silver graduated from 0 to 10 mils and is
fastened to a builb up bracket bolted to the base plate Five clips
engaging the under side of the base plate flange and boltedto the
racer prevent any relative vertical movement o the racer with the base
plate Dust guards are bolted to the ou-ter surface of the racer preshy
venting dust and dirt from entering the traversing roller system and
pintle bearing
The traversing roller system consists of forty conical rollers t
held in a radial position by the distance ring1 and kept concentric with
the pintle by flanges on the inner edges of the rollers in contact vith
the inner edge of the roller path on the base ring Handy oilers are
located on the outsdde Vertical surface of tlje racer vith oil tubes
leading to continuous oil gutters cut in the distance ring for the disshy
tribution of oil to the rollers
The side frames are bolted to tkcopy upper surface of the racer
and held together by the front and rear transom this unit supports
the tipping parts of the mount
The cradle supported in the side frames by its trunnions
serves as a slide way for the hbvitzer when recoiling and carries the
recoil and recuperator systems bull The loading platform of structural
steel extends to the rear of the mount and is held in place by supports
fastened to the rear transom and side frames Tne platform is constructshy
ed with an opening in the center for the howitzer to recoil through
This opening is covered by a folding platform iji two sections connected
23176
mdash9mdash
together and to the loading plajtfora by hinges This platform is down
vu loading and folded back vhen firing On the right side of the
mount is the elevating platform which is folded in vhen traveling A
loading tray built up of structural steel is bolted to the goading platshy
form and is constructed to carry three projectiles at a tims Cranes
on the rear of the loading platform hoist the projectiles from the amshy
munition table on the car floor tothe loading tray i| shell trough placshy
ed in the breech of the Howitzer and resting on the loading tray is usdd
to slide the projectile and powder into the Howitzer The car has a cast
steel center vhlch serves as a base plate and roller path for the travershy
sing parts of the mount and structural steel ends all mounted on standard
six wheel trucks The car servesas a firing platform and transport
vehicle vihen in transport the entireweight rests upon the trucks in the
ordinary way but in firing the car is raised by jacks beams and cross-
t ies then placed underneath and the car lowered thereon relieving the
weight from the trucks The outriggers are then set out against the woodshy
en floats backed by the earth to resist the recoil when the howitzer is
fired
An ammunition trough and table are located on the car floor
and ammunition is brought from the ammunition car to the trough and slid
down to the table which holds seven projectiles
The recoil mechanism recuperator elevating and traversing
bullmechanism anti-friction device crane jacks outriggers trucks car
proper air brakes draft gear and ammunition table will each be desshy
cribed in detail later
2317
-10shy
(b) Operation
The piece i s la id in azimuth by the combined usec of the
panoramic sight or azimuth c i r c l e and the t raversing mechanism Elevashy
t ion is obtained by se t t ing the quadrant at the elevation required and
rota t ing the piece in elevation by the elevating mechanism
Upon f i r ing the Howitzer recoi ls in the cradle a maximum
distance of 375 inches carrying with i t the recoi l band and piston
pul l rods and plunger of the recuperator The energy of recoi l of the
howitzer is absorbedby the resistance which the f lu id in the hydraulic
cylinders offers in being forced through the openings past the pistonslaquo
A portion of the energy of recoi l suff icient to return the howitzer into
ba t t e ry i s absorbed by compressing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder
The return of the piece into bat tery is eased by bullbull-he action of the counter
reco i l buffers which force the f lu id from the cylinder heads through
the small clearance past the cylinder head bushings
SECTION B - RECOIL MECHANirM
Refer to Plate VII
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material
of which they are made see page
The recoi l system operates on th3vpoundrincipal of the hydraulic
brake and is designed to l imit the distance aid regulate the velocity
with which the howitzer moves to the rear when fired
A small portion of the reco i l energy is taken up by compressshy
ing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder but he greater portion is taken
up by tho resis tance the l iquid in the reco i l cylinder offers to being
forced through the or i f ices formed b the t h r o t t l i n g grooves The width
-11shy
of these grooves is uniform but the depth is proportioned so that ths
areas of the orifices varying with the position of the piston during
recoil will be such as to give with the air in the recuperator a conshy
stant resistance throughout the length of recoilbull
In front of the piston the piston rod is extended to form a
buffer This buffer is flatted so thqt the escape of liquid during
counter-recoil through the varying clearances between this and the reshy
coil cylinder head bushing will offer auch resistance as will control
the motion of the howitzer during its return to battery linen the fceccil
piston is in normal recoil position the end of the buffer is back in the
cylinder a distance about 17raquo375 inches from the cylinder head bushing
As the recoil piston travels towards the cylinder head during counter
recoil i t pushes some of the liquid ahead of it into th4 cylinder head
and Tahen the buffer reaches and begins to enter the cylinder head bushshy
ing the cylinder head is filled with the liquid
The recoil mechanism consists of two cylinders fitted in and
locked to cylindrical bosses on the under side of cradle by special nutsshy
Each is closed at the front end by a cylinder head and at the rear end by
a stuffing box The throttling grooves above referred to are three in
number symmetrically located with respect to the longitudinal axis of
the cylinder The piston rod projects through the rear of the cylinder
and is held in the recoil band by two nutsraquo The rear nut should be screwed
up lightly to allow the piston rod to adjust itself in the recoil band
When the piece is fired the piston and piston rod move to the rear with
the recoil band which is attached to the howitzer while the cylinders reshy
main stationary in the cradle A stuffing box with packing and follower
is used to make a tight joint between the piston rod and rear end of cylrU
in front of the stuffing box there is a leather washer which
prevents the l iquid in the cylinder from leaking through the threads
of the stuffing box and also during recoi l keeps the pressure of the
l iqu id from act ing d i rec t ly on the packing in the stuffing box The
cylinder head i s screwed into the front end of the recc i l cyl inder A
bushing i s screwed into the opening of the head to insure proper c learshy
ance for the buffer A tongue and groove with a lea ther washer makes a
t i gh t ftoint between the eylinder and head
_SfiCTION C - RECUPERATOR
Refer t o Plates VIII IX and X
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The recuperator consists of an a i r chanibrer a piston and i t s
packings a plunger and i t s yoke and pu l l rods The pietcn and plunger
s l i de in the cyl indr ica l part of the a i r chamberbull The pis-son rod has a
bearing in the front end of the plunger At t h i s end of th plunger a
yoke connects i t with the pu l l rods which in turn are fastened in the
front by a bracket and in the rear direct t o the reco i l band
The a i r chamber consis ts of a hollow cyl indr ica l forging open
in the front and closed in the rear The cy l indr ica l part in front in
wnich the piston and plunger moveS| i s f i t t e d with a lining of special
watert ight bronze The plunger i s of tfye same material as the l i ne r and
i s machined t o take the piston rod l iquidf and s tuff ing box The plunger
screwed to the yoke and secured by set scraws i s driven at recoi l by the
two pu l l rods which are fastened to the r s co i l band and t r ave l with i t
pu l l rodShave bearings in bushings fixed in lugs on the c rad le 1h3
2 7
-13shy
joint between the plunger and the liner is made tight by a leather
packing held in place by a stuffing box Flax packing held in the stuffshy
ing box by a gland makes the joint between the plunger and the stuffing
box tight A felt washer held by a steel ring and screwedvto the gland
prevents sand or grit from entering the plunger packings
The air chamber or recuperator cylinder plusmn3 locked in a cyshy
lindrical bO3s on the top part of the cradle by a cylinder clamp lock
Flattened places on the pull rod bushings matching up with similar ones
on the shoulder prevent the recuperator cylinder from rotating
The piston consists of a head of special watertight bronze
screwed on a steel rod Ihe front part of the rod is fitted with a bronze
casing and slides in a bearing in the plunge- Its threaded end beyond
the casing is fitted with a nut and washer limiting in the rear the disshy
placement of the piston with respect to the plunger Tallowed flax packshy
ing held by a bronze ring and piston washer held against this ring by
a follower make a tight joint between the piston and cylinder liner A
spring held in place by a nut pinned to the rod presses the f ollower
to the rear against the piston washer
The joint between the piston rod and plunger is similar to that
between the plunger and the cylinder liner
The space in front of the piston and in the plunger is filled with
a solution of glycerine and water the same as in the recoil cylinders
This liquid acts as a seal for the joint between the piston and the liner
and a stop between piston and plunger at counter-recoil
hi air valve body fitted with two needle valves one for filling
and one for emptying is screved in the rear end of the recuperator cylinlor
and connected by tubing to the air pipe connection on the cradle An cb- bull
-14shy
feube runs from this to the pressure gauge hi opening in th-e pipe
connection is used to attach the coiled tube when charging the cylinder
with a i r The opening is closed with a plug when not in use
At the front end of the recuperator cylinder a liquid valve
is bolted and connected by copper tubing to the liquid pipe connection
on the cradle Another tube runs from this to the pressure gauge and
a third to the liquid pump Liquid is poured into the pump through
the opening in the top and pumped through the tubing into the plunger
The liquid pump is fastened to a steel plate support to vhich
is also fastened the two pressure gauges This support is bolted to the
upper part of the cradle on the left sidebull
The pump consists of a pump case or reservoir for the solushy
tion of glycerine and water in the bottom of which is fixed the body
of the pump This contains the inlet valve the outlet valve and the
relief valve and the pump body nut A plunger operated by a lever crank
and link with bearings in the cover and body nut operate in the pump
body (see Plate X)
The relief valve screwed in the top of the pump body has a valve
stem relief spring and capraquo The relief spring is designed to allow the
liquid to blow off at from 2200 to 2500 lbs qpad insures no danampge to the
pump from excess back pressures This spring should never be tampered
with $e t- is adjusted by the manufacturer and tested to function at the
proper pressure If the liquid pump fails to function and there is
practically no resistance offered when the pump lever is operated it nhovs
that there is a back pressure of air in the mechanism To overcome this
disconnect the liquid pipe where i t joins the three way connoction on the
-15shy
of the cradle and operate the lever for a $ew strokes u n t i l l iquid
begins t o flow Reconnect the l iquid pipe to the three way connection
and pump l iquid into the recuperator plunger u n t i l the piston rod washer
just clears the rear gland
SECTION D - ELEVATING MECHANISM
Refer to Pirate XI and XJI
For l i s t of pstrts with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The elevating mechanism consis ts of an elevating rack attached
t o r ight side of the cradle meshing with a pinion which i s operated by
a handwheel through spur g e a r s The spur gearing is supported by the
gear p l a t e and side frame provided -with bronze bushings A band brake
with foot control i s provided to prevent any movement of t he t ipping par ts
when the gun i s f i r e d One turn of the handwheel clockwise elevates the
gun 192 degrees
Refer to Plate XXII
For l is t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page i
The t ravers ing mechanism consis ts of a c i rcular rack fastened to
the base ring and meshing with a pinion bullwhich 1s operated by a handwheel
through a worm and worm wheel The pinion meshing with the rack i s keyed
to the lower end of the v e r t i c a l t ravers ing shaft Tnis shafct has i t s
lower bearing in the t ravers ing shaft bracket ^jhich is bolted to the
racer and i t s upper bearing in the t ravers ing ^ear case which i~ bol-f-oa
t o the le f t side frame The worm whe 3i keyed so bhe upper end cf tho zy-ui
bull46shy
is in mesh with the worm which is keyed to the worm shaft The worn
shaft has both of i t s bearings in the gear case and a handwheel on one
end iThe worm wheel worm and worm shaft are inclosed in the gear case
1W gear case cover has a lug to take the leveling screw bearing pin of
the -sight
SECTION F r
Refer to Plate XXV
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The anti-friction device is designed to relieve the load of the
tipping parts from the main trunnion and ease the elevating and depressing
of the gun It donsists of tvo small trunnions bearing supports adjustshy
ing screws and Belleville springsraquo bull
The weight of the tipping partsr is supported on the small
trunnions and transmitted to the Belleville springs by the bearing supports
and seats The adjusting screvs are tightened up until the crdldle trun^ i
nions have a clearance in the s i i e frame bearings at a l l points This
makes the en t i re elevating load come on the small trunnions and reduces
the handwheel load When the Howitzer i s f i red the Bel lev i l le springs are
compressed and the f i r ing load comes on the side frame bearings
SECTION G - AMMUNITION CRANE f
Refer t o Plate XXVII
For l i s t of pa r t s with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they a r e made see page
Tvo ammunition cranes are bolted to the rear corners of tho
loading platform for use 3a hois t ing ammunition from the ground or amshy
munition t ab l e to the loading t ray bull 2 ampbullgt
For hpistang the 700-pound p ro jec t i l e the shot tongs should
be pdjined d i r e c t l y t o the open socket at the end of the wire-rope For
use with a heavier p ro j ec t i l e an extra sheave block vith a craaae hook
attached- i s provided The wire rope vith the open socket attached^ may
be passed through the blockj by removing one of the p la tes and pinning
t o the mast The shot tangs ^Should then be placed on the crane hook
These two arrangements are shown on p la te XXVII
A section through the drum gearing and f r ic t ion srafetyydevice^
i s shovai on p la te XXVII The cranks may be released with the load dji
any position^ and by v i r tue of the f r i c t i o n safety device the mechanism
wi l l not overhaul The pawl should at a l l times be lef t an mesh with the
ra tche t To insure proper functioning t h i s mechanism should be kept
well lubricated She cranks and the mechanism housed in the drum bracket
should- under no circumstances^ be dismantled in the f ield
l M CAR PROPERj
Refer to Plate XVIII
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Ihe car proper serves as a t ransport f or the travels ing par ts
of the mount outrigger f l o a t s foot p la tes and for the c ross t ies and
bu i l t up H-beams of the foundation platform Ihen lowered on the foundashy
t ion platform i t serves as an emplacement
The car proper consists of a drop frame type of bqdyj vith ends
b u i l t up of s t ruc tu ra l s t e e l p la tes and shapes vitha cast s t e e l center
mounted on tvo six-wheel railway trucks I t i s equipped with four screw
jacks which are used f i r s t t o ra i se the car suff ic ient ly t o allow ths
groundplatf orm to be placed in posit ion under i t and then t o lower uho
-18shy
car until i ts weight rests on the crossties and through them to the
built up H-beams which are spiked to the rail t i e s There are also ffi
outriggers which are set out against wooden floats sunkin pits and back-
ed by earth The outriggers serve to keep the mount stationary during
firing
The over-all dimensions of the car body ends which as stated
above are built up of structural steel shapes and plates are length
12 feet 75 inches width 8 feet 55 inches The underframe is comshy
posed of two center si l ls four intermediate s i l l s and four side siljs
connected to a base plate in the center of the car which forms the lower
level of the car body Ihese si l ls are tied together ^t each end by
channel and s i l l s and cross braced by a body bolster 5 feet 95 inches
from each end The floor plate covering the sil ls consists of four steel
platesbull A step and a hand hold or grab iron is provided at each corner
SECTION I - Trucks
Refer to Plate XXXII
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The trucks of which there are two are of built up type the
frame being made up of plates and steel castings The center portion of
the frame is a steel casting forming a bolster and is riveted to the side
pieces Separate MraquoCraquoBlaquo center plates are riveted to the top of the
bolsters- Side bearings consisting of steel plates held in position by
cast recesses are placed on 45-inch centers The vertical distance from
the side bearing surface to the center plate ie 275 inches Steel
ings are riveted to the side^plates which fern the pedestals
-19shy
Th e journals a re standard MCB amppound x 10 and 28-inch wheampls
of ro l l ed s t e e l are pressed on the a x l e s
The loading on the t rucks r s t ransmitted t o the journals by )
s emi -e l l i p t i c springs and equalizers The equalizers bear on the journal
boxes and t h e i r outer ends are supported by coi l springs held dn place by
the pedestal cast ings
Inside hung brakes are applied on four wheels of each truck
The brake beams are MCraquoB No 4 t russed type with shoes keyed to heads
The beams are hung from brackets cast on the t ruck frames Separate cast
s t e e l lugs are riveted on both sides of the bols ter for connecting the
dead lever guides on one side and the l ive lever guides on the1 other
J -VBRAKESJL
Refer to Plates XIX XX XXI XXII XXIX XXX XXXI XXXIII
For Lis t of pa r t s vith t h e i r piece narks and the materialsof
which they are rcade see page
The car i s equipped vith both hand and airbrakes operated by^the
same system of levers and so arranged tha t e i ther can be applied independshy
ently I t i s necessary to apply the handbrakes at each end separa te ly
The ai rbrakes are connected by the t r a i n l i n e pipe and operated simshy
ul taneous ly Detached brake cylinders and reservoi rs Westinghouse type
D 10 x 12 See p la tes XXIX and XXX) are provided with K-2 t r i p l e valves
(See p l a t e XXXIII)raquo There i s also a centr i fugal d i r t co l l ec to r (See p la te
XXXI) and the necessary pipes valves and connections for f re igh t car
equipment
P la tes XIX and XX show the arrangement of brake pa r t s a t e i ther
end of the mount From these pla tes i t w i l l be seen tha t the handbrakes
2317amp
-20shy
can be applied without disturbing the piston in the brake-cylindershy
the piston rod being made up of tubing in which the cylinder push rod
slides It will be further noted that the handbrake staff is connected
to a horizontal lever by means of a pull rod and chain The horizontal
lever is connected to the brake cylinder on one end andto the truck
live lever on the other end by means of rods and levers
The reservoirs are equipped with a valve operated by a rod
which can be pulled to release the air brakes quickly when desired
Ihe triple valve governs the flow of air allowing air to pass
from the train line into the reservoir and from the reservoir to the
cylinders liVhen pressure in the train line is reduced the triple valve
admits air from the reservoir into the cylinder and when pressure in the
train line is again raised the triple valve closes the passage of air
from the reservoir to the cylinder and at the same time allows the air
in the cylinder to escape into the atmosphere This automatically reshy
leases the brakes The reservoir is again recharged from the train line
to the required pressure These operations are effected by opening or
closing of ports in the triple valve by variations in the air pressure
A dirt collector located between the triple valve and the train
line collects dirt from the air before i t passes into the triple valve
The dirt thus collected may be blown out of the dirt collector by openshy
ing a valve at its bottom
_SEC_TION K - DRAFT GEAR AND FRTiNCH COUPLERS
(a) Draft Gear Refer t o p l a t e XXXVII
For l i s t of p a r t s vith t h e i r piece marks and the mater ia l of
which they are made see page bull
2317$
-21shy
The draft gear is known as the Westinghouse friction Type
The V-estinghouse friction parts are enclosed in a drum which is so applied
between cast steel draft lugs to receive the buffing and pulling shocks
The coupler is Gould Coupler Companys pattern Z-201
(b) To Couple the Car
One man-required Tools needed none Car pusher can be used if locomotive is not
available
(1) Set the handbrakes on car enough to keep-it from moving easily
when bumped
(2) Gpen the knuckle on car by lifting the handle of the uncoupling
lever This movement will f i r s t unlock the knuckle so i t can be pulled
open but continuing the movement of uncoupling lever will throw the
knuckle open without the necessity of going in front of or between the
cars When the knuckle of either car i s open i t is only necessary to
Erring the cars together until the open knuckle closes aftd i t will lcopyck
aut orcat ic al 1 y
(c) To uncouple car
(l) Raise the uncoupling lever on one car enough to release the
knuckle and the cars may be pulled apart
(d) French Coupler - Refer to Plates XXXV and XXXVI
For l i s t of parts wiflitheir piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page bull
The bumper blOGks are of white oak each secured to the end s i l l
channels by six 1-inch diameter and two 15-inch diameter bolts To
these blocks the buffers safety chains and parts of the draft hooks are
fastened as shovai on Plate XXXV
The screw couplers safety chains and buffers conform to the
standard now adopted for US Government freight cars in France With
t h i s arrangement and when the car i s connected to the ammunition car
or some other car the couplers draw them together producing compression
in the buffer spr ings
At each end of the car there are two different types of buffers
one with a f l a t buffing surface and the other with a curved surface
Similar buffers are located diagonally opposite on the car in order that
when the cars are coupled together the f l a t buffer of one car will butt
against the curved buffer of the next car This i s done to prevent
damage to buffers when t ra in is rounding a curve
The buffrer housing which contains the compression spring and
ac ts as a guide for the buffer i s bolted to the bumper block by four
bol ts bull A buffer p la te however i s placed between the buffer housing and
the bumper block to give a bet ter bearing surface The large end of the
spring referred to above res ts against a c i rcular p la te and the small end
against the buffer In order to prevent the spring from pushing these
tvo apart a 1875-inch diameter pin is provided which has a head at one
end amdl a t the other end a key projecting through the pin and a collarlaquo
The above mentioned c i rcular p la te se ts up into the buffer housing fqr
enough to allow clearance between the bumper block and the buffer plate
for the col lar and key but i t is prevented from being pushed back by a
cast s t ee l ring bolted to the buffer p l a t e
The draft hook projects through the bumper block end s i l l and
cast s t ee l draft spring stop to a cast s t ee l block which is held to i t by
a nut and s p l i t pin This l a t t e r block i s guided by lugs on the center
23175
sampll and takes the thrust of the compression spring which is seated
at i t s large end on tho draft spring stop rivetedto the center s i l l
of car The draft hook is also guided by another cast steel block restshy
ing against the1draft hook plate and bolted to a bumper block The
shoulders of the draft hook butt up- against this block when released
thus stopping i ts inward motion
The screw coupling is fastened by a pin vith cotter to a
hole in the draw hook It consists of the yoke attached to the draw
hook a clevis for hooking to the next car and a right and left hand
screw to draw the yokes and clevis togetherbull Attached to the middle
of the screw is an arm with a ball at the end which is used as a handle
to operate the screw The right hand threads on one side of this handle
screws through a pin holding the y6kes together The left hand threads
on the other side of the handle screw through a similar pin connected to
the clevis These pins are held in place by cotter pins A screv couplshy
ing is provided at each end of the car but when the train is made -up
only one coupling is used at each connection Mien not in use the loose
end of the coupling is swung on a hook attached to the draft hook plate
under the bumper blocks
Safety chains one on either side ox the draft hook serve as a
coupling in case the screw coupling or draw hooks are out of order These
consist each of a chain and hook fastened to car by an eye bolt The eye
bolt passes through the bumper block and end s i l l and are held in place
by nuts with a split pin To allow a l i t t l e give to the chain four spring
washers are inserted between the end s i l l channel and the nutraquo A cast
steel guide bolted to the bumper block acts as a stop and guide for the
23176
eye bolts and chain
(e) To Couple Cars Refer to Plate XXXVIlaquo
One man required Tools needed^ none
Car pusher can be us 3d if- locomotive is not available
(1) Set hand brako on stationary car (not completely but enough
so that car will move only slightlyif bumped) and bring the cars as
clc-Sff together as buffers will allow
(2) Stampndlig LeUveen cars inside of buffers l i f t one of the screw
couplings from the hook under bumper block and hook staple on draft hook
of other car (if the staple does not reach the hook the coupling will
have to be lengthened by turning the screw with handle)
(3) Tighten screw until there is just enough compression in the
draft hook and buffer springs to make cars ride easily The screw can
be turned easily by raising the ball attached to end of handle in the
proper direction until i t will fal l by i t s own weight thus completing
one turn By repeating above operations the required amount of turns
can be made
(4) Hook the safety chains of one car to the chains of the other
car (5) Connect a ir hose and open angle cock
(6) Release handbrake
(f) To Uncouple Cars
Reverse the process of coupling described above taking care
that the screw coupling is screwed a l l the way out before the staple is
hung on the hook
2317$
^ JL- JACKS
Refer to Platcopy XXV
(a) For l i s t 03 par ts vith t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Four bu i l t in jack screws are located in the corners of the
base p la te d i rec t ly above the r a i l s of a standard gauge t rack
Each jack consists of a ram screw nut r screw gear pinion
pinion stud ratchet pawl ratchet housing and lever
The rain carr ies a nut into which the screw works On the upper
end of the screw i s a screw gear meshing with a pinion on the pinion s tud
A ratchet meshing vith the pinion is turned by a ratchet pawl attached to
the ratchet housing which in turn i s bull operated by a long hand lever
There are two jack blocks 9 inches wide 8 inches high and 5
feet 6 inches long provided vith each ca r These blocks placed across
the r a i l s act as bearings for the jacksraquo In order to raise the car the
jack blocks are placed across the r a i l s so-that the two jackscrews at
each end wil l rest upon them
Four 20-inch 25-ton auxi l iary jacks having a t o t a l r i s e of 9
inches are carried on each railway car and weight-approximately 95 pounds
ea[ch They can be used for emergency purposes or in case the regular
jacks are out of ordershy
(b) To ra ise mount with screw jacks refer to plate XXV
Two men required on each set of jacks (four if both ends of car are to be raised)
Tools needed 4 Jack levers bull
2317 6
(1) Place jack blocks across rails under jacksf The faces
of the block with the bearing surfaces should be next to the rail and
jack screws
(2) Turn jack lever until ends of jack screw bear on the jack
blocking Be sure the jack blocking is correctly placed so as to give
good bearing- 011 rails and continue turning levers until car is high
enough to permit the foundation stringer to be placed under the base
plate then put isu the foundation cross beams
(c) To Lower Car Refer to plate XXV
Reverse procedure as outlined in (b) above
(d) To Raise mount with auxiliary jacks Refer to plate XXV
Two men required Tools needed
4 Auxiliary Jacks
4 Wood blocks about 4 x 4 x 4
(l) Arrange blocking directly under seats of t i e rod bracket
castings The top of this blocking should be about 9 inches below the top
of the rai l in order to get the jacks under the mount
(2) Place auxiliary jacks on these blocks arrange pawl so that
jack will raise when handle is lowered insert handle in socket and raise
by pumping until jack engages with lower surface of base plate Operate
jacks until mount is raised sufficient to place foundation
(3) Remove jacks after foundation is placed
jBCTION M - F0I3N DATION
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXIV
The foundation i s intended to take the load off the car
trucks and t ransfe r i t d i rec t ly to the ground through r a i l t i e s 23176
- 2 7 shy
I t i s nade up of four cross beams which support the side
intermediate and center s i l l s of the car and which in turn transmit the
to t-70 l inos of H-b earns placed para l le l to and outside of the r a i l s
on each side of the track Each l ine of beams is composed of two separate
channel irons bolted to each other and Spiked with screw spikes to the
r a i l t i e s in order to prevent movement
The material for the foundation platform is stored on car in
f rent of ammunition t r a y On the car the H-beams are placed at r ight angles
to the t r ack In tack of the beams the cross t ies are placed These beans
and cross t ies are blocked in front by the outrigger brackets in back by
the loading t rays and on the sides by the outriggers On top of the cross-
t i e s the jack blocks are placed These are held in place by fastening the
rope attached to them to the loading tray legs
(b) To place for f i r i n g - Refer to Pla te XXIV
men needed-
Tools required
3 - 2 x 4 timbers about 3 long for parrying H-b earns
1 - Wrench double 0625 and 0laquo75 U43F
The t rack at the location where the gun is to be placed should be
previously prepared The r a i l s should be leveled up and the ba l las t tamped
well under the t i e s
(1) Remove foundation jack block from car platform and place across
the r a i l s with center l ines d i rec t ly under the screw jacks
(2) Raise the car by means of the screw jacks (See Sect L Division
b
2317 6
-28shy
(3) Remove foundqtion stringers from car platform two to be
placed on either side of the track
(4) Place the stringers under the flange of the base plate as
near the rai l as possible and parallel to the track with the ends of the
stringers on either side of the track approximately opposite each other
(5) Connect the stringers at the center by four 75 x 1375
bolts bull
(6) Remove the cross beans from the car platform
(7) Flace the cross beams under the side sillsr of the car restshy
ing on the foundation stringere
(8) Lower the car by means of the screw jacks until the center
portion of the base plaite rests on the foundation stringers and the ends
of the side intermediate and center s i l ls rest on the cross beams
(9) Screw up jacks until they clear blocking by at least one half
inch before firing
(c) To Disassemble foundation and load for carrying
8 men required Tools neededs
1 wrench double raquo625 and 75 U43F 2 Track wrenches 4712C 1 Crowbar 1243A
To disassemble reverse procedure outlined in (b) above
To load the material on car platforms for carrying proceed as follows
(1) Place crossties on car platform against ammunition tablet
The ends of the crossties should be perpendicular to the tracks
(2) Place H~beams with webs vertical next to crossties
(3) Place jack blocks on crossties and lash to legs of ammunition
table 23170
SECTION N - OUTRIGGERS
( a ) Description Refer to Plate XXIIIbull
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the mat copyrial of
which they are made see page
There are eight outriggers furnished with e^ch mount which
form braces to prevent the mount from tipping over or from sl iding on
the foundation -platform when the gun isrbeing f i r ed
The four end outriggers which are fastened both when and
when not in use to a socket on the side of the car should be used ^ien
the gun i s f ired vith in the sector 45 degrees to the r ight or to the
l e f t of the longitudinal center l ine of the car They are each rnade up
of 6-inch hot drawn Shelby s tee l tubing vith an adjusting scifcew on one
end and an eye and pin on the other The adjusting screw has a ba l l on
the end and can be screved in or out of the nut s t ru t end with a s tee l
rod which f i t s into holes provided next t o the b a l l The fixed end of
the outrigger res ts in asocket casting on the car side and the ball of
the adjusting screwscrests in the foot p la te used to d i s t r ibu te the load
over the wooden f l o a t From the nut s t ru t end to a bracket on the car
d i rec t ly below the outrigger bracket is a t i e rod As the center l ine of
the outrigger s t ru t does not pass through the trunnions of the gun there
i s an overturning tendency when the gun is f i red normal to track The
purpose of the t i e rod i s to counteract t h i s tendency
The four side outriggers which are also fastened to a socket
on the side of the car should be used when the gun is f i red within the
sec tor 45 degrees to the r ight or l e f t of a cross center l ine of the ca r
23176
They ar4 the same in every respect as the end outriggers
The footplates are of cast steel and are used to transmit the
thrust from the struts to the f loats Their lower surfaces are smooth
and the upper parts have sockets to receive the ball ends of the struts
Each float is built up of two layers of Mocking so as to disshy
tribute the ioad from the strut over 20 square feet of ground surface
The lower layer is composed of fine white oak blocks and the upper layer
of three blocks a l l bolted togetlis3raquo There are two angle guides bolted
to the upper surface of the floats for guiding the foot plates
Mien not in use the floats and footplates are placed on the
car platform The floats are piled in an inclined position against the
ammunition trough in the rear of the car The footplates are piled on
the front platform of the car qgnd lean against the ammunition table
The float lashingi for holding the floats in position (See
Plate XXVl) while in transit is composed of five wire ropes fastened toshy
gether by steel rings and turnbuckles When the floats are loaded in
traveling position two of the wire ropes held together by a turnbuckle
are passed around the lower part of the floats and secured to the amshy
munition table by steel rings At the upper part of the float two more
wire ropes are passed around also held together by turnbuckles and seshy
cured to the ananunition table by steel rings The upper lashing is held
in place by the angles on the sides and by another wire rope in the rear
fastened to the platform Turning the turnbuckles tightens the ropes and
holds the floats in place
The footplate lashing for holding the foot plates in position
vhile in transit is composed Of one wire rope with a hook on one end and
23176
- 3 1 shy
a tumbuckle on the other Illhen the pla tes are loaded in traveling posishy
t ion the rope i s fastened to the lower angle of the ammunition tab le and
run diagonally along the foot p la tes from the bottom rear to tfre top front
Ihey are prevented from sl iding forward by an-angle at the f ron t Turning
the turnbuckle t ightens the rope and holds the pla tes in p lace
The s t ru t s and end t i e rods are fixed permanently to the sockets
on the mount and vdien not in use are swung around and hung on the side of
the mount bull The center t i e rods are taken off and placed on top of the
loading platform in back of the front ammunition t a b l e
(b) To Place an End Outrigger for F i r ing
Six men required
Tools needed 2 - 2raquo x 6 inch boards 8 f t long 1 - s l ing of rope about 30 f t long 2 - Shovels 8819A 2 - Picks U51A 1 - Long handled shovel 1 - Axe U51D 1 - 0875 diameter x 24 rod to turn s t r u t adjusting screwshy1 - Crowbar 1243A 1 - Hammer U48F 1 - 2 x 4 timber about 5 long f^rtftatepiftg earth 1 - Rule 1 - Tape measure 4 - Stakes
1 - 1 x 2 board exactly 90 inches long
(1) Move t i e if necessary and lay off oblong on ground 60 x 35
so that one corner of the long side is 56 from center of mount and 28
from center l i ne of trucks and the other corner will be 108 from center
l i ne of mount and 68 from center l ine of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pplusmnb u n t i l sides meet at a depth of 90 from top
of car platform
23176
(3) Loosen up turn bustle of footplate lashing^ and remove a l l foot
plates from platform and place them on ground in a convenient place
(-) Uohooi float lashing and throw to one side away from f loats
Fasten sling around upper f loat Slide i t dovn skids to ground and place
i t in p i t with i t s under surface resting on rear or sloping part of pi t
and with angles s t i l l horizontal
(5) Place a foot plate vdth i t s under surface bearing in the center
and between angles on the f loa t
(D) Lift outrigger strut out of carrying bracket and swing i t arround
on the socket casting and turn adjusting screw up in the strut so as to
isike i t as short as possible If i t is difficult to turn the adjusting
screw the 875 inch diameter rod should be used which f i t s in the holes
next to the ball-end Swing end of outrigger around until the ball is
right over socket of foot plate and turn adjusting screw out until the ball
bears against socket and causes compression in the strut
(7) Remove t i e roduf rom car and fasten to strutbull Turn the tumshy
buckle until rod is t igh t
(8) Pile earth against the part of under surface of float which
projects above the ground level tamping well to give a good bearing for
the whole under surface of float
(c) To Place a side Outrigger for Firing Refer to Plate XXIII
Six men required
Tools needed Same as for (b) above
( l ) Lay off oblong on ground 60 x 55^ so that one oorner of the
long side is IQOfl from center line of mount and 128 back from center line
23176
- 3 3 shy
of trucks and the other end Ls 155 from center line of mount and 128
back from center line of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pit until sides meet in the center of the pit at
a distance of 90 from the top of car platform
(3) Place floats and foot plates in the same manner as for end outshy
riggers
(4) Swing outrigger from mount and turn adjusting screw out until
the ball end bears against sOcket and causes compression in the strut
(5) Remove center t ie rods from car platform and connect to t ie rod
studs ^lowing rod to drop down to lugs on lower part of outrigger beam
and adjust turnbuckle until pin can be inserted in the holes in lugs
(6) Pile earth agpoundpoundnst part of under surface of float which projects
above the ground levellaquo tamping well to give a good bearing for the vhole
surface of floatbull
(7) Remove remaining floats if there are any from end car platshy
form and place them in a convenient place out of the my
(d) Tos Adjust Screw on Outriggers Refer to Plate XXIII
Qne man required
Tools needed
bull875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B
After the gun has been fired i t may be |ound that the outriggers
have packed the earth under the float and that the struts do not bear
firmly against the foot plates After every firing the adjusting screws
should be turned out if necessary in ordefr to make firm bearing As
stated above the adjusting screw should be turned out by means of the
bull875-inch rods which f i t in holes next to the ball end of the strut
23176
bull - 3 4 shy
(amp) To Adjust Floats Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed bull875 diameter by 24-inch rod 106B 1 Crowbar 1243A
If the movement of earth under the floats continues as the
firing goes on until the adjusting screws have reached their outward limit
earth or blocking will have to be placed under the float to give a new
bearing surfacelaquo To do this proceed as follows
(1) Turn adjusting screw up in the struts as irar as i t will go
(2) With crowLars move the foot plates and floats up tovyard the
car keeping their inclination the same as before
(3) Hold the floats in this position by means of wedges and f i l l in
the back of floats with earth or blocks until the whole under surface of
the floats have a firm bearing
(4) Turn adjusting screw out again to give compression in the strut
I t may be necessary also to adjust the length of t ie rod on side outriggers
which can be done by turning turn buckle
(f ) To Place Had Outrigger strut for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed
0875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B Hammer U48F
(1) Remove pin with spli t pin holding end t i e rod to outrigger
strut swing t i e rod around and hang i t on bracket on side of the mount
(2) Turn adjusting screv up on the strut as far as i t vail go
Swing free end of strut around and hanamp i t on bracket on side of mount
23176
- 3 5 shy
(g) To Place Sidcopy Outrigger for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII-
Four men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F -875-inch by 24-inoh rod 106B
(1) Remove pin connecting side t i e rod to outrigger s t r u t remove
t i e rod from bracket and place on car platform (see Plate XXIII)bull
(2) Turn adjusting screw of s t r u t up as far as i t wi l l go- thus
allowing s t ru t to swing free of foot p l a t e shy
(3) Lift free end of s t ru t and swing around on to top of base
p la t e inside of outrigger support
(h) To Place Floats and Foot p la tes for carrying - Refer to
Plate XXVI
Six men required
Tools needed 1 sl ing of 1-inch rope about 30 f t long 1 wrench double 0625 and 0raquo75 U43F 1 pinch bar i crowbar 1243A
(1) Lay foot p la tes to one side raise f i r s t f loa t with crowbar
and then s l ide f loat up skids on to rear platform of car Place f loat
vith long side against ammunition trough and angle side out angles benjig
v e r t i c a l (See Plate XXVI)
(2) Place second i l o a t as abovevwith the under surface of same
res t ing against the angles of the f i r s t f loa t bull
(3) Continue loading f loa t s as in (2) un t i l the l a s t one has been
placed on the mount
(4) Last f loa t s together as described in (a)raquo
23176
-36shy
(5) Place foot p la te on le f t front of car in inclined position
res t ing against ammunition table
(6) Continue loading remaining foot p la tes ampa in (5) un t i l the
l a s t one has been placed on the mount
(7) Laah foot p la tes together as described in ( a )
SECTION 0- - AMMUNITION HANDLING
Refer to Plates XV and XXVII
A t r i p l e x block lowers the ammunition from the ammunition car in
the rear of the mount to the ammunition trough bolted to the platform of
the Howitzer c a r The upper surface of the t ray is bu i l t on an incl ine
do that the ammunition can be s l i d on to a t a b l e This table wil l hold
seven p r o j e c t i l e s The crane (See Sect G ) ho is t s the ammunition from
the table to the loading t ray on the traversing part of the mount ampa inshy
cl ine trough extends from th i s t ray to tike breech of the Howitzer- Two
men then push the pro jec t i l e down the inclined surface into the breech of
the howitzer
ggCTION PVr MUZZLE SUPPORT
(a) Description Refer to Plates I and II
For l i s t of par ts with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The gun when traveling i s held firmly to the mount by a muzzle
support and band The muzzle of the gun res t s on the muzzle support which
in tum is supported by the ammunition trough A wire rope i s passed over
the muzzle and to the ammunition trough by a band latch and hinge On
one end of the vire rope a stud i s fastened in an open socket This stud
f i t s in a hole in the band latch and has a nut on i t By tightening th is
23176
laquo-37shy
nut the rope holds the muzzle- of the gun on the muzzle block
(b) To Place Muzzle Support
One man required
Tools needed 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s 1 - wrench double 0375 and 1 U4-3G
( l ) Depress gun to 0 degrees elevation and traverse to 0 degrees
azimuth having muzzle support block in place
(3) Place gun band over muzzle of gun and fasten to band hinge on
One side and band labrh stud on other side
(3) Screw up nut on band latch stud un t i l band is t igh t on muzzle
of gun
SECTION Q_raquo_ - CHESTS
One tool chest and two armament chests are carried with each mount-
They are made of 062-inch s tee l reinforced by angles on the outsidebull The
p la tes are flanged a t the corners to connect to adjacent p l a t e s Two f l a t
s t raps riveted to the bottom by countersunk r ivets serve to protect the
bottom of the chest
The covers are hinged t o the back of the chests and have catches
On e i ther side to hold them open The coders are locked by a lock bolt
a t each side and by Yale lock in the middle The chests are equipped with
handles on each end
The tool chest i s 4C-inches long 20-inches wide and 24-inches
h igh I t is equipped vith one t ray which res ts on shelf angles This chest
i s carried on the r ight end platform of the mount alongside of the loading
trough when t r a v e l i n g Lug angles bolted to the floor p la tes prevent i t
from shift ing
23175
The armament chests are 4G~inches long 20-inches wide and 12shy
inches high They are equipped with two trays placed on top of each
bdquobull -rltA supported on tne chest bottom
bullWhen the mcunt is traveling these chests are placed on the front
of the car platform just in back of the ammunition t a b l e They are held
in t h i s position with angles which are bolted to the floor p l a t e s
The chests should be removed from mount when in f i r ing position
and placed in some convenient p lace
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXXIV
The mount may be camouflaged using the five color system
following the foliage design vith color key in black and white shown on
Pla te XXXIV
The object of th i s method of painting is to break up the lamprge
surfaces into a number of small sections so as to produce the appearance
of a c lus ter of shrubbery vith patches of l ight and shadow
To completely camouflage the mount i t should be covered with a
semi-transparent camou1 lagcopy canopy of ten t form similar to that used for
tljre 12-in oh Gun Railway Carriage shown on drawings Class 85 Division 22
Drawings 1 2 and 3raquo
(b) Pa)ntslaquo
The pa in ts to be used are the Q Government Camouflage Paints
prepared for the five color sjrstem and in the proportion as follows
applied over a coat of Ordnance Grey and never on bare metal
123455
Brown Yellow Cream Green Mauve Black
No 4041 4C42
4043 4044 4046 4045
-10 3 5 10 2 1
par ts
bullbull deg 23176
- 39shy
Th e paiat numbers referred to above are the US Government
Paijit numbers The parts referred to indicate the relative amounts of
paints of the different colors which will be required to camouflage one
12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount
Each color for convenience should be furnished for use in one
gallon friction top cans with handle Paints should be furnished in the
cans mixed ready for use Mien paint becomes too thick and i t is necessary
to thin use ^linseed oil and turpentine for that purpose being careful
not to use too much turpentine
(c) To Apply the Paint
To apply the paint the surface should be free of all sand
cinders dirt and oil Paint formerly applied and adhering firmly to the
surface need not be removed The section to which the different colors
are to be applied are then laid off in accordance with the design shown
on Plate
After the mount has been properly marked off into the different
sections the colors should be carefully applied care being taken to inshy
sure an even smooth coatf After the different colors have been applied
the lines where the colors meet should be covered with a black band about
one and one quarter inches wide Rrecautions should be taken to see that
the paint is dry and hard before permitting anything to come in contact
with the painted surface
(d) To Remove Paint
The paint may be removed by turpentine or by the use of a paint
torch if care is taken in the use of the flame
pound3 L7
-40shy
MAINTMANCE OFJEHE
SECTION A - Care of Recoil Mechanism
(a) The recoil cylinder should be emptied and refilled once every
three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months or ofterier if
conditions require i t
The liquid inithe recoil cylinder is a solution of esectual parts
glycerine and water- The density of the liquid should be 115 and should
have a neutral or alkaline reaction oaused by adding caustic soda or
caustic potash chemically pure A hydrometer which is kept in the arshy
mament chest whennot in use is furnished to test the solution for densityraquo
This liquid should be filtered through a clean piece of muslin or linen
before using Ihe glycerine should be kept in closed cans provided for
the purpose and be carefully protected from dirt sand and g r i t Liquid
drawn from cylinders and containing sediment must not be used again until
i t has been allowed to set t le for not less than 24 hours
(b) To dismount recoil mechanism Refer to Plate VII
The dismounting of the recoil mechanism should never be undertaken
in the f ield
Four men required one cylinder at a time
Tools neededWrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Buckets Can Screw drivershy U45W gt Wrench single 425 nuts U596D Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower
lt
U596A Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C Wrench recoil cylinders U596B
(1) Elevate the Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plug and drain
liquid from cylinder into buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders
(2) Remove looking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
iod nuts rear
(3) Remove air from recuperator by unscrewing emptying valve on
rear end of recuperator cylinder
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug on the recoil band clears
the end of piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nut front
(5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rod remove follower
gland and packing and screw follower and stuffing box back into the
cylinder
(6) Remove cylinder head weight 174 pounds
(7) Draw piston rod vith piston out through cylinder head end of
cylinder The weight of piston rod vith piston is approximately 392 pounds
care should therefore be used in handling itraquo
(8) Unscrew recoil cylinder and slide cylinder out The cylinder
weighs 628 pounds
(9) Stuffing box follower and leather vasher rray be removed Lockshy
ing screw need not be removed
(c) To Assemble Recoil Mechanism Refer to Plate VII bull
The assembling of the recoil mechanism should never be under
taken in the field
Four men required
Tools needed Wrench recoil cirlinders U596B Screw driver U45S Wrench recoil cylinders U595B Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
- 4 2 shy
Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U595D Screw driver U45W Wrench double 0625 and075 U43F Hand mallet U47AN bull Brass rod 0312 (516) diameter by 12 inches Glycerine and water solution (either new or used) Hydrometer (if solution is new) Filling funnel Can
6 rings of 0375 inch Garlock packing
(1) Insert recoil cylinder in cradle and push i t through until
threads on cylinder come in contact with threads on cradle- Turn cylinder bull
with wrench on flats at stuffing box end until cylinder flange bears fineshy
ly on cradle andnotch in flange at stuffing box end lines up with hole
in cylinder for locking screw
(2) Screw locking screw in cradle
(3) Insert piston rod in cylinder and place leather washer stuffing
box washer stuffing box with gland and follower in place and piston
rod nut (front) on rod when it is pushed through stuffing box end of tcyshy
linder Screw stuffing box in place and ppoundsh piston rod to rear through
recoil band advancing piston rod nut until the distance from the end of
the threaded end of rod to the rear end of cylinder equals 24375- - 001
inches 1
(4) Look the front and rear piston rod nuts
(5) Pack the stuffing box as per instructions erection A division e
(6) With leather washer and recoil cyiinderhead bushing in place
screw on cylinder head v
(7) Fill cylinder vith the glycerine and water solution using f i l l shy
ing funnel prescribed as per instructions section A division d
(d) To Fil l ret oil cylinders Refer to Plate VII
- 4 3 shy
Two men required
Tools needed Wrenchj double 0raquo625 and 075 U43F Pilling Funnel Glycerine and water solution (either new or used)
Hydrometer (if solution is new)
(1) Set Howitzer at 0 degree with recoil band against stops on
cradle and remove filling plugs
(2) In3ert fi l l ing funnel ampnd f i l l to overflowing with solution
of glycerine and water Allow escape of air ref i l l remove funnel and
screw filling plugs tight
(e) To Pack Stuffing Box- Refer to Plate VII
One man required
Tools needed Spanner wrench stuffing box follower- U596A Hand mallet U47AN 60 rings of 0375-inch Garlock packing Screw driver U45W Wrench single 425 nuts U50D Wrench box U423D Brass rod 0312 (5l6) diameter by 12 inches Can
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs and drain
liquid from cylinders to buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders Elevate
Howitzer to 0 degree elevation
(2) Allow air to escape from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing
exhaust stem in valve rear end of cylindershy
(3) Remove locking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug 033 the recoil band clears
the end of the piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nuts
front
-44shy
5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rodj remove follower
guand and packing screw stuffing box back into cylinder and discard
any of the packing that is unfit for use If any is used to repack i t
should be put in after new
(6) To repack put on the piston rod one ring of the packing and shy
force i t well to the bottom of the stuffing box by brass rod and malletlaquo
Treat each ring of packing in the same manner beingcareful to break
joints until three rings of new packing or an equal amount of new and
old packing have been inserted Enter the gland and follower in the box
and soreyen up t ight
(7) Screw piston rod nuts (front) on rods slide Howitzer forward
put piston rod nuts (rear) on and add locking screws
(8) Fill recoil cylinder as prescribed in section A division (d)
(9) Fill recuperator cylinder with air as prescribed in-section B
division (d)
The addition of the leather vasher around the piston rod in front
of the stuffing box allows less force to tighten the follower than if it
were the plain packing
The follower should be tightened up from time to time If i t is
screwed into the stuffing box too tightly an unnecessary amount of fricshy
tion will be produced On the rod Hi en the follower is screwed 4n until
the flange strikes the box i t should be repacked
(f) To Clean Recoil Cylinders
This operation should not b3 undertaken in the field
Three men required Tools needed
Wrench double 0525 and 075 U43F Buckets Can bull
Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower U596A Screv driver U45W Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U596D Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
Plumbers hand force pump with hose
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs drain liquid
into buckets^ and elevate Howitzer to 0 degree
(2) Remove locking screws frrom piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(3) Release followers a few turns remove cylinder heads weight
174 pounds each apd draw out piston rods as prescribed in section A
division (b)
(4) Thoroughly clean cylinders vith kerosene oil forced into both
ends with pump and wipe the interiors dry with clean waste Clean the
piston rod and cylinder heads
(5) Replace piston rod cylinder heads and tighten follower Screw
nuts in place on piston rod and lock
SECTION B - Care of Recuperator
(a) In general Refer to plate VIII bull
The recuperator cylinder and plunger should be emptied and reshy
fil led onpe every three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months
or of tenor if conditions require itlaquo
The liquid in the plunger is the same as that in the recoil
cylinder (See section A division (a) second paragraph)
The in i t ia l pressure of the air$ with Howitzer in lottery should
be 1550 pounds per square inch and of the liquid 1700 pound per equate
inch The pressures are indicated by the pressure gauges on the su^poi-
2 b _ bullbullbull
- 4 6 shy
vith the pump If the pressure of the air is not sufficient to reshy
turn the howitzer to tattdry at maximum elevation 60 degrees and if the
plunger is not full of liquid pump glycerine solution into plunger until
either normal pressure or a full plunger is obtained provided that the
variation from 1550 pounds per square inch is small
If this variation islarge connect the compressed air tank and
raise the pressure in the air chamber The amount of space between the
rear face-of tige washer on the front end of the piston rod and the front
face of the stuffing bampx gland indicates the amount the pistonjhas moved
toward the plunger caused by leakage of the liquid When this distance
equals approximately 5875 inches the piston is resting against the plunger
the plunger must be refilled with liquid before this condition exists or
serious darcage will be done There should always be a space between the
rear face of the washer and the front face of the gland even vhen plunger
is full of liquid Because if the washer is against the gland there is
nothing to indicate that the liquid pressure is balanced by the air pressure
and any excess liquid pressure may damage the piston rod
The pull rod bearings in cradle should always be well lubfcicsated
(b) To Dismount Recuperator Refer to Plate VIIIbull
This operation should never be done in the field unless i t becomes
absolutely necessary The Howitzer must not be elevated while the re-
cup erfi t or is dismounted
Five men required
Tools needed Wrench box U423D Spanner wrench U423E Wrench double 125 and 15 U--33A Screw driver U45AN
- 4 7 shy
Cocket wrench U422G Handle U422H Socket wrenchU422D
bullWrench double 0875 and 1 UltL-3G Wrench U423A Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Screw driver U45AE Socket wrenehi U422C
(1) With the Howitzer at 0 degrees open upper stem on l iquid
valve un t i l l iquid begins to escape then c lose
(2) Depress the Howitzer t o -5 degrees and secure by means of the
muzzle support
(3) Empty a i r from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing both steins
in a i r valve at rear end of cylinder I t i s very important t h a t - a l l the a i r
be allowed to escape before removing any p a r t s
(4) Slack off the front nuts on the large stuffing box at front end
r l recuperator cylinder in order to take the pressure off of the plunger
caused by the pqcking
(5) Push plunger and piston t o the rear with i t s yoke unt i l pul l
rod bushings are uncovered holding pul l rods in the i r original pos i t ion
-(6) Block up under plunger at a point just behind the yoke to
support plunger
(7) Remove lock screw in each yoke bushingbull
(8) Unscrew yoke bushingsbull
(9) Remove pull-rod bracket
(10) Push pul l rods to r ea r
(11) Remove yoke bushings
(12) Pull out the plunger piston rod and yoke which weigh about
500 pounds care being taken t o have these par ts centered at a l l times an
to protect the outer surface of plunger 2 j l lt bull
- 4 8 shy
(13) Remove piston-rod nut washer gland and stuffing box
rivaLl with packing and plunger l ea the r
(14) Draw out piston
(15) Disconnect a i r and liquid piping and remove l iquid valve
(16) Remove plunger protection ring f e l t rusher gland stuffing
box large with packing and plunger leather packing
bullbull(17) Remove set screw in cylinder clamp lock unscrew cylinder
clarnp lock and s l ide cylinder out to rear weight about 895 pounds bullbull
(c) To Assemble Recuperator Refer to Plate VI I I
This operation should never be undertaken in the f ie ld unless i t
becomes absolutely necessary
Five men required-
Tools needed
3 rings flax packing 30D Piston washer leather 30B Spanner wrench U423G Socket wrench U422C Socket wrench U422D Screw driver U45AN Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Wrench- U423A Wrench double 087 5 and 1 U43G Socket wrench U422G Handle U422H Screw driver U45AE Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench U423D 10Ting flax packing 27N and 28M 2 leather packing 27H and 28K I ras3 rod 0437 (716) diameter by 12 inches F i l l ing funnel Can 2 tanks of compressed air
-49shy
I (I) Slide cylinder into housing in cradle screw cylinder clamp
lock on front end of cylinder and lock vith set screw Cylinder weights
1040 pounds
() Place stuffing box gland leather packing and felt washer
on plunger and slide to front
(3) Assemble packing gland and washer to piston and place piston
rod in place in plunger
(4) Push piston and plunger into cylinderlaquo
(5) Pack stuffing box large and put nuts on studamp care being
taken to tighten up nuts alternately so packing bears properly (See
division (amp)bull)
(6) Push plunger to the rear screw yoke bushings on pull iods
and slide pull rods in place
(7) Put leather packing and stuffing box small in plunger and
put nuts on studs
(8) Pack stuffing box sir^H place gland in place and screvnuts
on studs care being taken to tighten up nutsalternately so packing
bears uniformly (see division (e)raquo)
(9) Place washer on end of pistorj- rod and screw nut against shoulder
lOJ Bolt liquid valve to cylinder and connect up air and liquid
piping
(II) Fill the plunger vith liquid connect up the air tank and
f i l l the cylinder vith a i r
(d) To f i l l recuperator cylinder Refer to Plate VIII
Five men required
Tools needed
-5Oshy
Box wrench U423A Wrench U423D Can Glycerine and water solution
Two tanks of compressed a i r
(1) Fill plunger with glycerine and water solution by means of
the pump and at the same time letting compressed air into the air chamshy
ber being careful to keep the liquid and air pressures balanced as inshy
dicated by projection of piston rod forward from stuffing box
When plunger is full there should be only a small space be-v
tween front face of stuffing box gland and rear face of washer at front
end of piston rod Never allow these twoitcopy come together
(2) To f i l l the air chamber -the following has to be done- Connect
upoundgt the air tank with the air pipe connection by the copper tubing open
the valve on the tank then open the valve on the air cylinder Two tanks
are usually sufficient to run the air pressure in recuperator cylinder up
to 1700 pounds per square inch others or parts of others may be used if
necessary
(e) To pack stuffing boxes Refer to plate VIIIbull
One ring of packing is placed in stuffing box and forced well
to bottom with braks rod and mallet Treat each ring of packing in the
same manner being careful to break joints until the five rings have been
inserted Nuts on studs should be screwed tight against glandsraquo 1
TOien repacking these stuffing boxes recuperators must be dis-
mounted (see section B division (b) ) sufficiently to get the packing
out -Any of the old packing that is unfit for use should be discarded-
If any of the old is used to repack i t should be put in after the new
The addition of the leather washers around the piston r^d ampi
plunger in the rear of the stuffing boxes allows less fcrcc to tghJ-en
-51shy
the glands than if i t were the plain packing
The nuts around the glands should be tightened from time to time
If the glands are pressed too tightly into the stuffing boxes an unshy
necessary amount of friction will be produced on the plunger and rod When
the glands are pushed in until they strike the stuffing boxes they should
be repacked
(f) To clean recuperator cylinder and plunger Refer to Plate
See Section B division (b)
This should never be undertaken in the field except in case
of absolutenecessity V i x
Dismount the recuperator thoroughly clean the cylinder
and plunger with kerosene o i l forced into them with plunger s force pump
Wipe the^ in te r io rs dry with clean cotton waste Clean the piston and
pis ton rod
SECTION C - CARE OFELEVATING MECHANISM
(a) To Dismoipit the elevating mechanism Refer to p la tes XI and
XII
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0875 and 1 U4-3G Wrench double 125 and 15 U13BA Wrench double 2 and 225 IK-3ATC Wrench pinion shaft and nut 35 U82H SJcrew driver U45AN Screv driver U45AE Machinist s hammer U48F
Pin punch U47AF Blocks of wood
(1) Take hand wheel off and remove brake band
(2) Remove pinion shaft gear from elevating pinion shafts and
bull lt bullbull bull
- 5 2 shy
rmove elevating pinion shaf t
(3) Take off intermediate pinion shaft nut and washer and remove
intermediate pinion shaft) care being taken to see that intermediate gear
13 blocked up
(4) Remove elevating gear p la te with bearings fastened to i t
(5) Remove intermediate gear
(6) Take off handwheel sha f t
(7) Remove rack
(b) To assemble elevating iaechanism
Reverse the operations as outlined in above for dismounting bull
SECTION D - CARE Off TRAVERSING MECHANISM
(a) To dismount t ravers ing mechanism Refer to Plate XIIIbull
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrenoh double 1raquo25 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C Hammer machinists U48FshyPunch pin U47AF
Wrencty double 2 and 225U43AW
(1) Screw out side leveling screw remove sight with sight bracket
from cradle t runnions
(2) Take off gear case cover
(3) Remove pin and co l la r from end of worm shaft and draw i t out
(4) Knock out pins in lower part of ve r t i c a l trqversing shaft
and take off t ravers ing p in ion
(5) Drav shaft with worm vheel up through case push worm to side
of case when s t a r t ing (
- 5 3 shy
(6) Worm may then be removed from case aad case taken off side
of frame worm wheel may also be driven off shaf t
(b) To Assemble t raversing mechanism Refer to p la te XIII
Tnree men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 6375 and 05 U431 Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 2raquo and 225 U43AW Hammer machinists U48F Punch pin U47AF
(1) Bolt gear case to side frame and place vnra in pocket in case
(2) Drive worm vheel on shaft and place shaft in pos i t ion i
Worm must be held against wall of case gtS3aen assembling vheel and shaft
(3) Drive pinion on shaft and pin in p lace
(4) Slide worm shaft in place and lock i t vith pin and collar
(5) Bolt cover on case and bolt sight assembled or sight bracket
to t runnions
(6) Connect up leveling screw
SECTION F - CARE OF MMUNITEON CRANE
(a) To dismount ammunition c rane liefer to Dlate XXVII
Men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 pin punch
1 screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 anc 05 U-V3C 1 Wrench double 0625 auc O55 Ir4JF 1 Wrench double 0875-and Xraquo U43C
(l) Remove bolt fastening hoisting ropci to erjd of crime mast and
place bolt back in socket on rope This rejiovss sheave block
- 5 4 shy
sheave and crane hook
(2) Remove intermediate rope guard and sheave from crane mast
(3) Remove lower sheave bracket from crane mast and leave sheave and
rope guard attached to sheave bracket
(4) Unpin crank shaft co l l a r andrunscrew crank shaft n u t s
(5) Remove le f t crank and l e f t crank bushing rIhe crank shaft may
now be withdrawn to the l e f t and the pinion s ratchet and f r i c t ion box
and f r i c t ion disc be l i f t ed out The r ight crank may also be withdrawnbull
(6) Remove s p l i t pinsj drive out drum shaft and l i f t out drum and
gear
(7) Remove drum bracket from crane maftr
(8) Remove crane mast from crane mast pedestal and unbolt pedestal
from platform
(b) To AssembLe Ammunition Crane
Men Required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch
1 Screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075 II43F 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1 U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined above for dismounting in (a)laquo
Note- Care should be taken to see that the bronze and s tee l f r ic t ion
discs are assembled in t h e i r proper order
SECTION El ANTI-FRICTION DEVICE
(a) To Dismount a n t i - f r i c t i o n dev ice Refer t o P la te X
Four men required
Tools needed
Wrench single 175a U43V Wrench spanner U596E So rev driver U45AE
( l ) Unscrew locknut on adjusting screw
(Z) Remove s p l i t pin and nut from bearing support
(3) |Unscrew adjusting screw u n t i l beairinf support i s clear of bearshy
ing s e a t
(4) Remove r o l l e r and bearing s e a t
(5) Remove upper trunnion pin bearing anl key
(6) If t ipping pa r t s are out of side fcraiie bearing the bearing
support can be drawn up through the hole in s ids frame
(7) Bel lev i l le springs and washers can nor be removed
(8) Unscrew adjusting screw nut vith lockwasher attached to ifcraquo
(b) To assemble an t i - f r i c t i on device
Reverse the operation as outlined in afcove for dismounting
SECTION fl - CARE OF TRUCK3
(a) To remove trucks from Mount refer t o P la te XXXII
bull-8 Men required
Tools needed
4 Auxiliary jacks 1 Crowbar 1243A 1 Pinch bar
1 - 7-rinch p l i e r s U47AQ
(1) Remove s p l i t pin from l i ve lever pin a-d ^e7--e l ive lever pin
from rear t ruck lever connection Pl^ce l ino laver iivi i i hoe in 3 ive
lever and inse r t sp l i t pin shy(2) Lift- center pin from eenter p la ie hole usin^ pvrtn bar +y ^^-
-56shy
samej if necessary
(3) Raise mount with jacks as described in Part I Section (L) Divishy
sion (d) until mount is clear of trucks
(4) Shove trucks along until they are clear of mount
(fr) To Disassemble and Assemble Trucks Refer to Plate XXXII
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Wrench double 125 and 15 nuts U43BA 1 Wrench double 875 and I-inch U43G 1 - 7inch Pliers U47AQ 2 Crowbars 1243A Blocking 1 - 16-inch Monkey wrench U45LA lCfir Box Jacking screw with levers 1022C 4 Jacks 25-ton 1 Combination Hook and Packing tool
- 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar
(1) Remove pedestal t i e from both sides of truck replacing bolts in
t ies with nut locks and nuts
(2) Remove cotters from equalizer pins (put cotters in a convenient
place so they can be replaced in pin when same are later removed)
(3) Place jack screw on sectire blocking under inside pedestal castings
of outer wheels and raise truck frame until springs and equalizers are reshy
leased sufficiently for removing
(4) Remove semi-elliptic spring keys which will allow spring to be
removed
(5) Remove pins from equalizers and replace pins in same also replace
cotters (Refer to Art 2)
(6) Remove cotters and nuts from Helical spring bolts then remove
bolts and replace nuts and cotters Also remove springs and spring seats 33176
i
- 5 7 shy
7) Place car jack on secure blocking under serai-elliptic spring
soat and raise truck frame sufficient to remove wheels and journal boxes
(Snail jack screws and blocking can now be removed)
(8) Push end wheels with journal boxes away from truck framebull
(9) Disconnect bottom connection rod from both front and rear truck
levers and replace connection pins in their respective places in rods
(lltQ) Remove rear truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole from which it was taken in brajfce beam
( l l ) Disconnect front truck lever from dead lever bracket and replace
connection piniiin dead lever bracket
(12)) Disconnect dead lever bracket from dead lever fulcrum bracket and
replace connection pin in dead lever bracket
(13) Remove front truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole in brake beam
(14) Pull out brake shoe keys and remove brake beams and brake shoes
(15) Remove brake shoe hangers from side frames and replace hunger bolts
with keys in hangers
(16) Place blocking under pedestal casting of end wheels at either end
of truck most convenient and remove the car jacks near the end so blocked
by unscrewing jacks so as to allow frame to rest on blocking This will
permit moving center wheel with boxes intorposition formerly occupied by
aid wheels
(17) Replace ca^r jacks under semi-elliptic spring seats as before and
raise this end so as to release load of frame from blocking at end
(18) Remove end-blocking and push wheels away from frame
(19) Open journal box doors and remove journal box packing with hook
and packing tool 2SI16
-58shy
(20) Tilt the outer ends of the boxes up until bearing wedge and bearshy
nings can be removed remove wedges and take beardiigs out Then remove
boxes
(21) To Assemble Trucks Reverse the process just described
(c) To Pack Journal Boxes
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hook nd Packing Tool Bucket or Tin can of 3 to 5 gallons capacity Galena Oil bull I
Wool or Cotton Waste
(1) With hook and packing tool remove waste also all particles of
sand and gr i t from journal boxes
(2) In the bucket or tin can place enough waste to pack the number of
journal boxes to be packed wool waste is preferable but cotton waste
will do and saturate with Galena Oil
(3) With hook and pacafcing tool pack the oil saturated waste firmly
into the lower section of the Journal Boxes Note - The life of the journal
bearings will be considerably lengthened and the trouble arising from
burned out bearings will be reduced to a minimum if regular inspections be
made of the journal box packing If the car is to be moved a considerable
distance especially after having stood in one place for any length of
time i t i s vrell to see that a l l boxes are well packed with oil saturated
wasted Care should be taken to see that the covers are kept closed and
promptly replaced where broken or lost in order to keep out as much as
possible a l l sand and gri t
(d) To Replace Journal Bearings
Two men required 73V 6
Tools needed
1 Pinch Bar 1 Car Box Jacking Screw 1 Hook and Packing Tool
(1) With car body jacks ra ise car body about two inches
(2) With car box jacking screw ra ise the journal box from which the
bearing i s to be removed about two incheslaquo
(3) Raise journal box cover and remove bearing wedge with hook withshy
draw bearing
(4) Put new bearing in posit ion and replace bearing wedge pack journal
box packing firmly around lower half of journal and be certain that ijournal
bearing and wedge are properly seated
(e) To Place Trucks Under ca r
Reverse procedure outlined in Part I I Section G Division (a)laquo
SECTION- H - CARE OF TRUCKS
(ai To Disassemble Air Brake Refer to plates XIX apid XX bull
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch P l i e r s U47 AQ 1 Pinch Bar 1 Wrench double raquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U45DA 1 S t i l l s on Pipe wrench -25 and 25- inches 637D 1 Wrench double 083 5 and 1-inch riutsU43G 1 Wrench^ double Olaquo625 and 0laquo75-inch nutsfU43F
1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nutsU43^euro
(1) Disconnect hand brake pullrod and brake cylinder leyer connection
from brake cylinder lever and replace connection pin in end of pullrod
(2) Disconnect f loating lever connection from f loat ing lever and re shy
place connection pin in f loat ing lever connection 23176
- 6 0
Disconnect l i ve lever from f loat ing lever and replaco pin in l ive
lever
(4) Unbolt and remove cylinder lever fulcrumfrom center s i l l and re shy
place bolts in t h e i r respective holes in center s i l l and remove cylinder
lever from cylinder lever fulcrum
(5) Disconnect brake cylinder pushrod from cylinder lever and replace
connection pin in end of pushrod disconnect f loat ing lever from floating
lever fulcrum and replace pin in f loating levershy
(6) Unbolt and remove f loat ing lever fulcrum from under side of floor
p la te and replace bolts in fulcrum
(7) Disconnect union on cross pipe between cylinder and reservoir and
remove pipe
(8) Unbolt and remove brake cylinder from support and replace bolts
in support bull
bullbull(9) Disconnect pipes and e l l s from reservoir tha t connect with cross
pipe t o cylinder
(10) Unbolt t r i p l e valve from reservoir
(11) Unbolt and remove reservoir from supports replacing bol ts
(X2) Remove t r i p l e valve
(13) Unscrew pipe3A-
(14) Remove centrifugal d i r t col lector
(15) Remove elbow and pipe GA
(16) Unscrew pige AA from cut out cock and remove self-locking cutshy
out cock No 2135 vith upper pipe AA from 125 t e o
(17) Remove upper pipe AA from cut out cock
23176
(18) Remove V bolt in end s i l l and unccrew self~lockng nngle cck
No 22413
(19) Unscrew pipe R from coupling leaving coupling en pipe SMlaquo
(20) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe S from 125 e l l and leave
e l l on pipe T
(21) Remove pipe T11 from 125 ampee and leave tee on pipe U
(22) Unscrew pipe U from e l l and leave e l l on pipeVi4
(23) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe W from elbregw and leave
elbow on pipe X
(24) Unscrew pipe nX with drain cock from pipe HZ
Note- If i t i s desired to disassemble the complete a i r brake equipment
on mount repeat the above operation for disassembling the mechaniftzft under
the other end of the mount
(b) To Disassemble-land Assemble Handbrakes Refer to Plate XIX and XX-
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0625 and 0raquo7pound-inch nutsU43F
(1) Disconnect handbrake pul l rod from cylinder lever qt3 replace
connection pin in end of rod
(2) Remove handbrake sheave from handbrake pul l rod take chain from
around sheave and fasten sheave back in rod jaws with p in
(3) Unbolt and remove pu l l rod hanger and replace bolts in hanger
(4) Remove pul l rod
(5) Disconnect handbrake chain from brake mast step and brake mast
23176
-62shy
(6) Unbolt and remove brake mast step and replace bolts on mast s t e p p pR b(7(7)) Remove brake mast with handwheel and ratchet attached
c) gtv To Assemble Air Brake Refer to Plates XIX and XX
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 75 gad 1-inch U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch l)47DA 1 St i l l son Pipe Wrench 25 to 25 inches 637D 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075-inch nuts U43F 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1-inch nuts U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined in Section H division ( a )
(d) To clean and Oil Brake Cylinder Refer to p la te XXIX
Two men required
Tools needed
1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 625 and 0875-inch nuts U153E 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U47DA
(1) Disconnect pushrod from cylinder l ever
(2) Remove bolts connecting cylinder to brake cylinder brake and re shy
move pipes connecting cylinder to rese rvo i r
(3) Remove piston head
(4) With kerosene o i l thoroughly clean and remove a l l pa r t i c l es of
sand and g r i t from piston piston r ing and inside of cyl inder
(5) Oil piston lea ther in pis ton with heavy o i l or l igh t grease
(6) Put piston back in cylinder and replace whole on c a r
(9) To clean and o i l t r i p l e valvo K--2 Refer to Pla te XXXIII
Two men required
Tools needed 23176
O
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1 Stillson Pipe Wrench 25 to- 2 5~inchesf 637D i Hamroerj U48F 1-7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Wrench double laquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inchj U47DA 1 Wrench double raquo375 and 5-inch nuts U153B
(1) Disconnect branch pipe union and remove branch pipe from tr iple valve
(2) Dplusmnggt$ pinealtriple valve f roiaauxiliary valvalaquo
(3) Unscrev union nut 17 and remove strainer 16 bull
(4) Unscrev graduating stem nut 20 and remove graduating spring 22raquo
(5) Remove nut from bolts 24 and take off cylinder cap 19 and- cylinder
cap gasket 23
(6) Withdraw piston and slide valve from casing
(7) Remove cap screws 25 and take off check valve case 13 and emergency
valve 9
(8) Remove piston 8laquo
(9) Remove emergency valve 10 and check valve 15raquo
(10) Unscrev retarding device 29 and remove retarding spring 33 and
stem 31bull
(11) Clean a l l parts thoroughly with kerosene oilraquo Using oil sparingly
oil t r iple piston and surface between slide valve and slide valve seat Also
surface between graduating valve and slide valve
(12) Assemble by reversing procedures as outlined above and replace
t r ip le valve in position
(f) To Clean Centrifugal Dirt Collector Refer to Plate XXXI
One man required
Tools needed None
( l) Open cock at bottom of collector until a l l particles of sand
dir t and water are blovn out
23176
-64shy
(g) To Take Up Shoo Wear
Oncopy man required
Tools needed
1 P l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch b a r
(1) Release brakes both hand and air
(2) Disconnect front t ruck lever from dead lever bracket move front
t ruck lever out un t i l the rear t ruck lever wi l l not go back to less than
15-inchear from the t ruck bo ls te r and remake connection in proper hole in
dead lever bracket
(3) If necessary the shoes can be set up t i gh t e r by moving the front
t ruck lever to the end holes Of the bottom connection rod
(m) To Replace Brake Shoes Refer to Plate XXXII
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U47AM 1 Pinch Bar
(1) Release brakes both hand and a i r -
(2) Withdraw brake shoe keys take out worn shoes and replace with
new ones
SECTIOIj I shy CARE OF JACKS
(a) To Disassemble screw jacks Refer to Plate XXV
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch 1 Wrench double1 Wrench double^
125 and 15 U43G 0625 and 075 U43F
23176
-65shy
(1) Unscrew lower jack pinion stud nut and remove ratchet and pawl
with housing bull
(2) Remove upper jack pinion stud nut and take out jack pinion stud
with jack pinion attached
(3) Remove jack screw nut and let jack and ram rest against guide
(4) Take washers and screw gear off of screw
(5) Remove stop from ram and guide from base plate
(6) Remove screw and ram
Note- In order to remove screw and ram i t is necessary to run the mount
over a pi t or dig a hole in the ground
(b) To Assemble screw jacks reverse the operations outlined above for
disassembling
(c) Care and Oilijig of Jaciss
The jacks should be lubricated frequently To do ifcis a steel
compression grease cup is screwed into the stop on the ram This cup should
nevor be without grease in i t The jack levers should be removed and placshy
ed in some convenient place on the platform
(d) Care of Auxiliary Jacks
When not in use the auxiliary jacks should be placed under the
ammunition table The bearings of the jack should be kept well oiled and the
main lifting screw and the teeth of the gears should be lubrioated vith
heavy grease when necessary to make jacks work easily
PART I I I
SECTION A PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED BEFORE FIRING
(a) This carriage is designed to be fired from 20 to 60 degrees elevashy
tion do not fire it below 20 degrees
23176
-66shy
(b) Fold up platform at breech of Howitzer
(c) Take reading at liquid pressure gauge this reading should be 1700
pounds per squre inch a small amount of liquid will leak out each round
and is replaced by means of the pump
(d) Take reading^at air pressure gauge this reading should be 1550
pounds per square inch
(e) The distance the recuperator piston rod moves indicates liquid leakshy
ing at the packing and the rod should never be allowed to stand out past
the gland more than 5laquo875 inches
(f) Traverse gun through entire allowed movement to nampke sure that all
parts work freely
(g) Elevate Howitzer through entire range of elevation to see that all
parts work freely
(h) Make sure that a l l nuts tap bolts and screws on elevating mechanism
traversing mechanism panoramic sight and elevation quadrant are set up
properly
(i) Make an inspection of recoil and counter recoil systems to see
thqfc they are properly assembled especially after the Howitzer has been
dismounted from the oradle
(k) See that the outriggers are set securely
(l) See that the underframing of the mount has a uniform bearing on
the ground platform
(m) Make sure that the recoil cylinder is properly fi l led
(n) All brakes should be released
23176
-67shy
TOBE_OBSERVED BEFORE TRAVELLING
(a) see that a l l equipment to be carried on the mount is properly
Secured and that none of i t projects out past the clearance l ine
(b) Depress gun to 0 degree elevation and traverse i t to 0 degrees
azimuth and fasten gun with travelling lock
(c) Remove panoramic telescope place i t in carrying case and store
in secure place
(d) An inspection should be n^de of journal boxes to see that they
are properly packed and that the bearings have not worn down too much
(e) An inspection should be made also of the brake shoes and mechshy
anism If there is too much play between the brake shoes and wheels
the wear should be taken up in the brake mechanism or the brake shoes
replaced with1 nev ones
(f) Be sure that the complete set of tools areoOn hand
(g) See that buffers and couplings are in proper working condition
PART V
TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF 12-INCH HOWITZER RAILWAY MOUNT MODEL OF 1918
Length of reco i l normal 36 max 375
Angle of Elevation ( f i r i n g 4 2 0 to46O o
ti laquo Depression - 5 loading
it laquo t raverse 360deg
Weight of recoi l ing pa r t s (empty) - 49188
n t ipping 64533(Loaded 65333)
Weight of Car including base p la te 102880
Length over draft Gear - 42 f t 2 i n approx
Total weight of trucks (two) 30000 l b s
-68shy
Type of trucks 6-wheel - 55 x 10 journals
Diameter of vheels 28 in
Weight of t ravers ing parts with gun (Empty) 92353
Total weight on t rack - 19 5 243 bull
Weight of gun including recoi l band amp breech mech bull 47f239
Muzzle Velocity 1950 f s
Range 21600 yds (Approx)
Wt Pro jec t i l e 700 l b s
Wt Povder 95
Chamber pressure 37000 l b s
Muzzle energy 18474 f t tons
Total rod pul l a t 60deg - 348766 l b s
per qxle a t t rack (front) 35931 l b s
laquo n ti ti ( rea r ) 29150 M
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Gaylord Bros Makers
Syracuse N Y PAT JAN 21 1908
Page
( g ) To t a k o up shoe wear bull bull bull bull bull bull bull raquo bull bull bull bull bull lt
( h ) To r e p l a c e b r a k e s h o e s bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n I - Care of j a c k s bull bull raquo bull bull bull raquo bull raquo laquo bull bull
( a ) To d i s a s s e m b l e s c r e w j a c k s laquo
( b ) To a s s e m b l e s c r e w j a c k s laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull gt bull bull bull bull
( c ) Care and o i l i n g of s c r ew j a c k s bull bull
( d ) Care of a u x i l i a r y j a c k s laquo bull bull bull
PART I I I
S e c t i o n A - P r e c a u t i o n s t o b e obse rved b e f o r e f i r i n g bull bull bull
S e c t i o n B - P r e c a u t i o n s t o be obse rved b e f o r e t r a v e l l i n g bull bull bull bull
S e c t i o n C - L i s t of g r e a s e cups and handy o i l e r s laquo bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
PART IV - L i s t of P a r t s
PART V - T a b l e of Weights and Dimens ions
PART VI - L i s t of T o t a l Equipment
13175
~5 shy
List of Plates _
I - 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Right Side Elevation
II bull 12-inch Howitzer Rarilwey Mouvjt Left Side Elevation ltraquo
I I I 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Longitudinal Section
IV 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Plan View
Vlaquo 12-indc1 Howitzer Railway Mount Ftfoi-it Viev
VI 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Rear View
VII Recoil Cylinder Assembly
VIII Recuperator Assemblybull
IX Liquid Pump and Piping Arrangement
Xlaquo Liquid Pump Assembly
XIraquo Elevating Assembly
XII Foot lever Assembly
XIII Traversing Assembly
XIV Anti-frriction Device Assembly
XV Loading Assemblyraquo
XVI platform^Assembly Right Side
XVII Platform Assembly Left Side
XVIII Frame Assembly
XIX Air Brake Assembly Front
XE Air Brake Assembly Rear
XXI Lever Assembly Plan View
XXIIbull Lever Assembly Side View
XXIII Outrigger Assembly
YYIV Foundation Assembly
XXV Jack Assembly
23176--
- 6 shy
XXVI Equipment Assemblylaquo
XXVII Ammunition Crane Assembler
XXVIII Weight distribution diagram
XXIX Air Brake Cylinder Type D 10X12
XXX jampuailiary reservoir Type D
XXXI Centrifugal dirt collector
XXXII Truck Assembly
XXXIII Triple Valve K-2
XXXIVD Camcu Isgeraquo
XXXVC Car frame French couplers
XXXVIe Buffer Assembly
XXXVII Draft Gear Assembly
2317$
_^2-Jampich Bovitzer_R^
_Model of 1918
Section A - General Description
(a) Descript ionlaquo
Refer to plates I II III IV V and VI
for l i s t of pgta-ts with their piece mrks and the material of which they
are made see page
The mount is designed to permit the Howitzer to be traversed
through 360 degreoSy elevated from minus 5 to plus 60 degrees and fired
from 20 to 60 degrees
The principal parts of the mount are the base plate which is
a part of the car proper racer distance ring and traversing rcopyllers side
frames cradle recoil system recuperator system traversing and elevating
mechanisms elevation quadrant panoramic sight loading tray loading
and working platforms and car proper including body trucks brakes and
couplers together with outriggers floats jacks and foundation details
The base plate is a one piece casting used as the center secshy
tion of the car proper and bolted to the car frame on each end The
lower roller path is machined on the upper side and a pintle surface is
machined on the outer side of the vertical annular flange on the inner
side of this flange the traversing rack is bolted
The racer is cast in one piece and has i ts lover surface machshy
ined forming the upper roller path corresponding to the lower roller
path on the base plate The inner vertical surface is machined to form
the female part of the pintle The outer vertical surface is machined and
graduations are engraved forming an azimuth circle
23175
There are 640 divisions of 10 mils each the 0 graduation
being on the left side of the racer 45 degrees left of gear- Ihe
aximuth pointer is of gernian silver graduated from 0 to 10 mils and is
fastened to a builb up bracket bolted to the base plate Five clips
engaging the under side of the base plate flange and boltedto the
racer prevent any relative vertical movement o the racer with the base
plate Dust guards are bolted to the ou-ter surface of the racer preshy
venting dust and dirt from entering the traversing roller system and
pintle bearing
The traversing roller system consists of forty conical rollers t
held in a radial position by the distance ring1 and kept concentric with
the pintle by flanges on the inner edges of the rollers in contact vith
the inner edge of the roller path on the base ring Handy oilers are
located on the outsdde Vertical surface of tlje racer vith oil tubes
leading to continuous oil gutters cut in the distance ring for the disshy
tribution of oil to the rollers
The side frames are bolted to tkcopy upper surface of the racer
and held together by the front and rear transom this unit supports
the tipping parts of the mount
The cradle supported in the side frames by its trunnions
serves as a slide way for the hbvitzer when recoiling and carries the
recoil and recuperator systems bull The loading platform of structural
steel extends to the rear of the mount and is held in place by supports
fastened to the rear transom and side frames Tne platform is constructshy
ed with an opening in the center for the howitzer to recoil through
This opening is covered by a folding platform iji two sections connected
23176
mdash9mdash
together and to the loading plajtfora by hinges This platform is down
vu loading and folded back vhen firing On the right side of the
mount is the elevating platform which is folded in vhen traveling A
loading tray built up of structural steel is bolted to the goading platshy
form and is constructed to carry three projectiles at a tims Cranes
on the rear of the loading platform hoist the projectiles from the amshy
munition table on the car floor tothe loading tray i| shell trough placshy
ed in the breech of the Howitzer and resting on the loading tray is usdd
to slide the projectile and powder into the Howitzer The car has a cast
steel center vhlch serves as a base plate and roller path for the travershy
sing parts of the mount and structural steel ends all mounted on standard
six wheel trucks The car servesas a firing platform and transport
vehicle vihen in transport the entireweight rests upon the trucks in the
ordinary way but in firing the car is raised by jacks beams and cross-
t ies then placed underneath and the car lowered thereon relieving the
weight from the trucks The outriggers are then set out against the woodshy
en floats backed by the earth to resist the recoil when the howitzer is
fired
An ammunition trough and table are located on the car floor
and ammunition is brought from the ammunition car to the trough and slid
down to the table which holds seven projectiles
The recoil mechanism recuperator elevating and traversing
bullmechanism anti-friction device crane jacks outriggers trucks car
proper air brakes draft gear and ammunition table will each be desshy
cribed in detail later
2317
-10shy
(b) Operation
The piece i s la id in azimuth by the combined usec of the
panoramic sight or azimuth c i r c l e and the t raversing mechanism Elevashy
t ion is obtained by se t t ing the quadrant at the elevation required and
rota t ing the piece in elevation by the elevating mechanism
Upon f i r ing the Howitzer recoi ls in the cradle a maximum
distance of 375 inches carrying with i t the recoi l band and piston
pul l rods and plunger of the recuperator The energy of recoi l of the
howitzer is absorbedby the resistance which the f lu id in the hydraulic
cylinders offers in being forced through the openings past the pistonslaquo
A portion of the energy of recoi l suff icient to return the howitzer into
ba t t e ry i s absorbed by compressing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder
The return of the piece into bat tery is eased by bullbull-he action of the counter
reco i l buffers which force the f lu id from the cylinder heads through
the small clearance past the cylinder head bushings
SECTION B - RECOIL MECHANirM
Refer to Plate VII
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material
of which they are made see page
The recoi l system operates on th3vpoundrincipal of the hydraulic
brake and is designed to l imit the distance aid regulate the velocity
with which the howitzer moves to the rear when fired
A small portion of the reco i l energy is taken up by compressshy
ing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder but he greater portion is taken
up by tho resis tance the l iquid in the reco i l cylinder offers to being
forced through the or i f ices formed b the t h r o t t l i n g grooves The width
-11shy
of these grooves is uniform but the depth is proportioned so that ths
areas of the orifices varying with the position of the piston during
recoil will be such as to give with the air in the recuperator a conshy
stant resistance throughout the length of recoilbull
In front of the piston the piston rod is extended to form a
buffer This buffer is flatted so thqt the escape of liquid during
counter-recoil through the varying clearances between this and the reshy
coil cylinder head bushing will offer auch resistance as will control
the motion of the howitzer during its return to battery linen the fceccil
piston is in normal recoil position the end of the buffer is back in the
cylinder a distance about 17raquo375 inches from the cylinder head bushing
As the recoil piston travels towards the cylinder head during counter
recoil i t pushes some of the liquid ahead of it into th4 cylinder head
and Tahen the buffer reaches and begins to enter the cylinder head bushshy
ing the cylinder head is filled with the liquid
The recoil mechanism consists of two cylinders fitted in and
locked to cylindrical bosses on the under side of cradle by special nutsshy
Each is closed at the front end by a cylinder head and at the rear end by
a stuffing box The throttling grooves above referred to are three in
number symmetrically located with respect to the longitudinal axis of
the cylinder The piston rod projects through the rear of the cylinder
and is held in the recoil band by two nutsraquo The rear nut should be screwed
up lightly to allow the piston rod to adjust itself in the recoil band
When the piece is fired the piston and piston rod move to the rear with
the recoil band which is attached to the howitzer while the cylinders reshy
main stationary in the cradle A stuffing box with packing and follower
is used to make a tight joint between the piston rod and rear end of cylrU
in front of the stuffing box there is a leather washer which
prevents the l iquid in the cylinder from leaking through the threads
of the stuffing box and also during recoi l keeps the pressure of the
l iqu id from act ing d i rec t ly on the packing in the stuffing box The
cylinder head i s screwed into the front end of the recc i l cyl inder A
bushing i s screwed into the opening of the head to insure proper c learshy
ance for the buffer A tongue and groove with a lea ther washer makes a
t i gh t ftoint between the eylinder and head
_SfiCTION C - RECUPERATOR
Refer t o Plates VIII IX and X
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The recuperator consists of an a i r chanibrer a piston and i t s
packings a plunger and i t s yoke and pu l l rods The pietcn and plunger
s l i de in the cyl indr ica l part of the a i r chamberbull The pis-son rod has a
bearing in the front end of the plunger At t h i s end of th plunger a
yoke connects i t with the pu l l rods which in turn are fastened in the
front by a bracket and in the rear direct t o the reco i l band
The a i r chamber consis ts of a hollow cyl indr ica l forging open
in the front and closed in the rear The cy l indr ica l part in front in
wnich the piston and plunger moveS| i s f i t t e d with a lining of special
watert ight bronze The plunger i s of tfye same material as the l i ne r and
i s machined t o take the piston rod l iquidf and s tuff ing box The plunger
screwed to the yoke and secured by set scraws i s driven at recoi l by the
two pu l l rods which are fastened to the r s co i l band and t r ave l with i t
pu l l rodShave bearings in bushings fixed in lugs on the c rad le 1h3
2 7
-13shy
joint between the plunger and the liner is made tight by a leather
packing held in place by a stuffing box Flax packing held in the stuffshy
ing box by a gland makes the joint between the plunger and the stuffing
box tight A felt washer held by a steel ring and screwedvto the gland
prevents sand or grit from entering the plunger packings
The air chamber or recuperator cylinder plusmn3 locked in a cyshy
lindrical bO3s on the top part of the cradle by a cylinder clamp lock
Flattened places on the pull rod bushings matching up with similar ones
on the shoulder prevent the recuperator cylinder from rotating
The piston consists of a head of special watertight bronze
screwed on a steel rod Ihe front part of the rod is fitted with a bronze
casing and slides in a bearing in the plunge- Its threaded end beyond
the casing is fitted with a nut and washer limiting in the rear the disshy
placement of the piston with respect to the plunger Tallowed flax packshy
ing held by a bronze ring and piston washer held against this ring by
a follower make a tight joint between the piston and cylinder liner A
spring held in place by a nut pinned to the rod presses the f ollower
to the rear against the piston washer
The joint between the piston rod and plunger is similar to that
between the plunger and the cylinder liner
The space in front of the piston and in the plunger is filled with
a solution of glycerine and water the same as in the recoil cylinders
This liquid acts as a seal for the joint between the piston and the liner
and a stop between piston and plunger at counter-recoil
hi air valve body fitted with two needle valves one for filling
and one for emptying is screved in the rear end of the recuperator cylinlor
and connected by tubing to the air pipe connection on the cradle An cb- bull
-14shy
feube runs from this to the pressure gauge hi opening in th-e pipe
connection is used to attach the coiled tube when charging the cylinder
with a i r The opening is closed with a plug when not in use
At the front end of the recuperator cylinder a liquid valve
is bolted and connected by copper tubing to the liquid pipe connection
on the cradle Another tube runs from this to the pressure gauge and
a third to the liquid pump Liquid is poured into the pump through
the opening in the top and pumped through the tubing into the plunger
The liquid pump is fastened to a steel plate support to vhich
is also fastened the two pressure gauges This support is bolted to the
upper part of the cradle on the left sidebull
The pump consists of a pump case or reservoir for the solushy
tion of glycerine and water in the bottom of which is fixed the body
of the pump This contains the inlet valve the outlet valve and the
relief valve and the pump body nut A plunger operated by a lever crank
and link with bearings in the cover and body nut operate in the pump
body (see Plate X)
The relief valve screwed in the top of the pump body has a valve
stem relief spring and capraquo The relief spring is designed to allow the
liquid to blow off at from 2200 to 2500 lbs qpad insures no danampge to the
pump from excess back pressures This spring should never be tampered
with $e t- is adjusted by the manufacturer and tested to function at the
proper pressure If the liquid pump fails to function and there is
practically no resistance offered when the pump lever is operated it nhovs
that there is a back pressure of air in the mechanism To overcome this
disconnect the liquid pipe where i t joins the three way connoction on the
-15shy
of the cradle and operate the lever for a $ew strokes u n t i l l iquid
begins t o flow Reconnect the l iquid pipe to the three way connection
and pump l iquid into the recuperator plunger u n t i l the piston rod washer
just clears the rear gland
SECTION D - ELEVATING MECHANISM
Refer to Pirate XI and XJI
For l i s t of pstrts with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The elevating mechanism consis ts of an elevating rack attached
t o r ight side of the cradle meshing with a pinion which i s operated by
a handwheel through spur g e a r s The spur gearing is supported by the
gear p l a t e and side frame provided -with bronze bushings A band brake
with foot control i s provided to prevent any movement of t he t ipping par ts
when the gun i s f i r e d One turn of the handwheel clockwise elevates the
gun 192 degrees
Refer to Plate XXII
For l is t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page i
The t ravers ing mechanism consis ts of a c i rcular rack fastened to
the base ring and meshing with a pinion bullwhich 1s operated by a handwheel
through a worm and worm wheel The pinion meshing with the rack i s keyed
to the lower end of the v e r t i c a l t ravers ing shaft Tnis shafct has i t s
lower bearing in the t ravers ing shaft bracket ^jhich is bolted to the
racer and i t s upper bearing in the t ravers ing ^ear case which i~ bol-f-oa
t o the le f t side frame The worm whe 3i keyed so bhe upper end cf tho zy-ui
bull46shy
is in mesh with the worm which is keyed to the worm shaft The worn
shaft has both of i t s bearings in the gear case and a handwheel on one
end iThe worm wheel worm and worm shaft are inclosed in the gear case
1W gear case cover has a lug to take the leveling screw bearing pin of
the -sight
SECTION F r
Refer to Plate XXV
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The anti-friction device is designed to relieve the load of the
tipping parts from the main trunnion and ease the elevating and depressing
of the gun It donsists of tvo small trunnions bearing supports adjustshy
ing screws and Belleville springsraquo bull
The weight of the tipping partsr is supported on the small
trunnions and transmitted to the Belleville springs by the bearing supports
and seats The adjusting screvs are tightened up until the crdldle trun^ i
nions have a clearance in the s i i e frame bearings at a l l points This
makes the en t i re elevating load come on the small trunnions and reduces
the handwheel load When the Howitzer i s f i red the Bel lev i l le springs are
compressed and the f i r ing load comes on the side frame bearings
SECTION G - AMMUNITION CRANE f
Refer t o Plate XXVII
For l i s t of pa r t s with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they a r e made see page
Tvo ammunition cranes are bolted to the rear corners of tho
loading platform for use 3a hois t ing ammunition from the ground or amshy
munition t ab l e to the loading t ray bull 2 ampbullgt
For hpistang the 700-pound p ro jec t i l e the shot tongs should
be pdjined d i r e c t l y t o the open socket at the end of the wire-rope For
use with a heavier p ro j ec t i l e an extra sheave block vith a craaae hook
attached- i s provided The wire rope vith the open socket attached^ may
be passed through the blockj by removing one of the p la tes and pinning
t o the mast The shot tangs ^Should then be placed on the crane hook
These two arrangements are shown on p la te XXVII
A section through the drum gearing and f r ic t ion srafetyydevice^
i s shovai on p la te XXVII The cranks may be released with the load dji
any position^ and by v i r tue of the f r i c t i o n safety device the mechanism
wi l l not overhaul The pawl should at a l l times be lef t an mesh with the
ra tche t To insure proper functioning t h i s mechanism should be kept
well lubricated She cranks and the mechanism housed in the drum bracket
should- under no circumstances^ be dismantled in the f ield
l M CAR PROPERj
Refer to Plate XVIII
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Ihe car proper serves as a t ransport f or the travels ing par ts
of the mount outrigger f l o a t s foot p la tes and for the c ross t ies and
bu i l t up H-beams of the foundation platform Ihen lowered on the foundashy
t ion platform i t serves as an emplacement
The car proper consists of a drop frame type of bqdyj vith ends
b u i l t up of s t ruc tu ra l s t e e l p la tes and shapes vitha cast s t e e l center
mounted on tvo six-wheel railway trucks I t i s equipped with four screw
jacks which are used f i r s t t o ra i se the car suff ic ient ly t o allow ths
groundplatf orm to be placed in posit ion under i t and then t o lower uho
-18shy
car until i ts weight rests on the crossties and through them to the
built up H-beams which are spiked to the rail t i e s There are also ffi
outriggers which are set out against wooden floats sunkin pits and back-
ed by earth The outriggers serve to keep the mount stationary during
firing
The over-all dimensions of the car body ends which as stated
above are built up of structural steel shapes and plates are length
12 feet 75 inches width 8 feet 55 inches The underframe is comshy
posed of two center si l ls four intermediate s i l l s and four side siljs
connected to a base plate in the center of the car which forms the lower
level of the car body Ihese si l ls are tied together ^t each end by
channel and s i l l s and cross braced by a body bolster 5 feet 95 inches
from each end The floor plate covering the sil ls consists of four steel
platesbull A step and a hand hold or grab iron is provided at each corner
SECTION I - Trucks
Refer to Plate XXXII
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The trucks of which there are two are of built up type the
frame being made up of plates and steel castings The center portion of
the frame is a steel casting forming a bolster and is riveted to the side
pieces Separate MraquoCraquoBlaquo center plates are riveted to the top of the
bolsters- Side bearings consisting of steel plates held in position by
cast recesses are placed on 45-inch centers The vertical distance from
the side bearing surface to the center plate ie 275 inches Steel
ings are riveted to the side^plates which fern the pedestals
-19shy
Th e journals a re standard MCB amppound x 10 and 28-inch wheampls
of ro l l ed s t e e l are pressed on the a x l e s
The loading on the t rucks r s t ransmitted t o the journals by )
s emi -e l l i p t i c springs and equalizers The equalizers bear on the journal
boxes and t h e i r outer ends are supported by coi l springs held dn place by
the pedestal cast ings
Inside hung brakes are applied on four wheels of each truck
The brake beams are MCraquoB No 4 t russed type with shoes keyed to heads
The beams are hung from brackets cast on the t ruck frames Separate cast
s t e e l lugs are riveted on both sides of the bols ter for connecting the
dead lever guides on one side and the l ive lever guides on the1 other
J -VBRAKESJL
Refer to Plates XIX XX XXI XXII XXIX XXX XXXI XXXIII
For Lis t of pa r t s vith t h e i r piece narks and the materialsof
which they are rcade see page
The car i s equipped vith both hand and airbrakes operated by^the
same system of levers and so arranged tha t e i ther can be applied independshy
ently I t i s necessary to apply the handbrakes at each end separa te ly
The ai rbrakes are connected by the t r a i n l i n e pipe and operated simshy
ul taneous ly Detached brake cylinders and reservoi rs Westinghouse type
D 10 x 12 See p la tes XXIX and XXX) are provided with K-2 t r i p l e valves
(See p l a t e XXXIII)raquo There i s also a centr i fugal d i r t co l l ec to r (See p la te
XXXI) and the necessary pipes valves and connections for f re igh t car
equipment
P la tes XIX and XX show the arrangement of brake pa r t s a t e i ther
end of the mount From these pla tes i t w i l l be seen tha t the handbrakes
2317amp
-20shy
can be applied without disturbing the piston in the brake-cylindershy
the piston rod being made up of tubing in which the cylinder push rod
slides It will be further noted that the handbrake staff is connected
to a horizontal lever by means of a pull rod and chain The horizontal
lever is connected to the brake cylinder on one end andto the truck
live lever on the other end by means of rods and levers
The reservoirs are equipped with a valve operated by a rod
which can be pulled to release the air brakes quickly when desired
Ihe triple valve governs the flow of air allowing air to pass
from the train line into the reservoir and from the reservoir to the
cylinders liVhen pressure in the train line is reduced the triple valve
admits air from the reservoir into the cylinder and when pressure in the
train line is again raised the triple valve closes the passage of air
from the reservoir to the cylinder and at the same time allows the air
in the cylinder to escape into the atmosphere This automatically reshy
leases the brakes The reservoir is again recharged from the train line
to the required pressure These operations are effected by opening or
closing of ports in the triple valve by variations in the air pressure
A dirt collector located between the triple valve and the train
line collects dirt from the air before i t passes into the triple valve
The dirt thus collected may be blown out of the dirt collector by openshy
ing a valve at its bottom
_SEC_TION K - DRAFT GEAR AND FRTiNCH COUPLERS
(a) Draft Gear Refer t o p l a t e XXXVII
For l i s t of p a r t s vith t h e i r piece marks and the mater ia l of
which they are made see page bull
2317$
-21shy
The draft gear is known as the Westinghouse friction Type
The V-estinghouse friction parts are enclosed in a drum which is so applied
between cast steel draft lugs to receive the buffing and pulling shocks
The coupler is Gould Coupler Companys pattern Z-201
(b) To Couple the Car
One man-required Tools needed none Car pusher can be used if locomotive is not
available
(1) Set the handbrakes on car enough to keep-it from moving easily
when bumped
(2) Gpen the knuckle on car by lifting the handle of the uncoupling
lever This movement will f i r s t unlock the knuckle so i t can be pulled
open but continuing the movement of uncoupling lever will throw the
knuckle open without the necessity of going in front of or between the
cars When the knuckle of either car i s open i t is only necessary to
Erring the cars together until the open knuckle closes aftd i t will lcopyck
aut orcat ic al 1 y
(c) To uncouple car
(l) Raise the uncoupling lever on one car enough to release the
knuckle and the cars may be pulled apart
(d) French Coupler - Refer to Plates XXXV and XXXVI
For l i s t of parts wiflitheir piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page bull
The bumper blOGks are of white oak each secured to the end s i l l
channels by six 1-inch diameter and two 15-inch diameter bolts To
these blocks the buffers safety chains and parts of the draft hooks are
fastened as shovai on Plate XXXV
The screw couplers safety chains and buffers conform to the
standard now adopted for US Government freight cars in France With
t h i s arrangement and when the car i s connected to the ammunition car
or some other car the couplers draw them together producing compression
in the buffer spr ings
At each end of the car there are two different types of buffers
one with a f l a t buffing surface and the other with a curved surface
Similar buffers are located diagonally opposite on the car in order that
when the cars are coupled together the f l a t buffer of one car will butt
against the curved buffer of the next car This i s done to prevent
damage to buffers when t ra in is rounding a curve
The buffrer housing which contains the compression spring and
ac ts as a guide for the buffer i s bolted to the bumper block by four
bol ts bull A buffer p la te however i s placed between the buffer housing and
the bumper block to give a bet ter bearing surface The large end of the
spring referred to above res ts against a c i rcular p la te and the small end
against the buffer In order to prevent the spring from pushing these
tvo apart a 1875-inch diameter pin is provided which has a head at one
end amdl a t the other end a key projecting through the pin and a collarlaquo
The above mentioned c i rcular p la te se ts up into the buffer housing fqr
enough to allow clearance between the bumper block and the buffer plate
for the col lar and key but i t is prevented from being pushed back by a
cast s t ee l ring bolted to the buffer p l a t e
The draft hook projects through the bumper block end s i l l and
cast s t ee l draft spring stop to a cast s t ee l block which is held to i t by
a nut and s p l i t pin This l a t t e r block i s guided by lugs on the center
23175
sampll and takes the thrust of the compression spring which is seated
at i t s large end on tho draft spring stop rivetedto the center s i l l
of car The draft hook is also guided by another cast steel block restshy
ing against the1draft hook plate and bolted to a bumper block The
shoulders of the draft hook butt up- against this block when released
thus stopping i ts inward motion
The screw coupling is fastened by a pin vith cotter to a
hole in the draw hook It consists of the yoke attached to the draw
hook a clevis for hooking to the next car and a right and left hand
screw to draw the yokes and clevis togetherbull Attached to the middle
of the screw is an arm with a ball at the end which is used as a handle
to operate the screw The right hand threads on one side of this handle
screws through a pin holding the y6kes together The left hand threads
on the other side of the handle screw through a similar pin connected to
the clevis These pins are held in place by cotter pins A screv couplshy
ing is provided at each end of the car but when the train is made -up
only one coupling is used at each connection Mien not in use the loose
end of the coupling is swung on a hook attached to the draft hook plate
under the bumper blocks
Safety chains one on either side ox the draft hook serve as a
coupling in case the screw coupling or draw hooks are out of order These
consist each of a chain and hook fastened to car by an eye bolt The eye
bolt passes through the bumper block and end s i l l and are held in place
by nuts with a split pin To allow a l i t t l e give to the chain four spring
washers are inserted between the end s i l l channel and the nutraquo A cast
steel guide bolted to the bumper block acts as a stop and guide for the
23176
eye bolts and chain
(e) To Couple Cars Refer to Plate XXXVIlaquo
One man required Tools needed^ none
Car pusher can be us 3d if- locomotive is not available
(1) Set hand brako on stationary car (not completely but enough
so that car will move only slightlyif bumped) and bring the cars as
clc-Sff together as buffers will allow
(2) Stampndlig LeUveen cars inside of buffers l i f t one of the screw
couplings from the hook under bumper block and hook staple on draft hook
of other car (if the staple does not reach the hook the coupling will
have to be lengthened by turning the screw with handle)
(3) Tighten screw until there is just enough compression in the
draft hook and buffer springs to make cars ride easily The screw can
be turned easily by raising the ball attached to end of handle in the
proper direction until i t will fal l by i t s own weight thus completing
one turn By repeating above operations the required amount of turns
can be made
(4) Hook the safety chains of one car to the chains of the other
car (5) Connect a ir hose and open angle cock
(6) Release handbrake
(f) To Uncouple Cars
Reverse the process of coupling described above taking care
that the screw coupling is screwed a l l the way out before the staple is
hung on the hook
2317$
^ JL- JACKS
Refer to Platcopy XXV
(a) For l i s t 03 par ts vith t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Four bu i l t in jack screws are located in the corners of the
base p la te d i rec t ly above the r a i l s of a standard gauge t rack
Each jack consists of a ram screw nut r screw gear pinion
pinion stud ratchet pawl ratchet housing and lever
The rain carr ies a nut into which the screw works On the upper
end of the screw i s a screw gear meshing with a pinion on the pinion s tud
A ratchet meshing vith the pinion is turned by a ratchet pawl attached to
the ratchet housing which in turn i s bull operated by a long hand lever
There are two jack blocks 9 inches wide 8 inches high and 5
feet 6 inches long provided vith each ca r These blocks placed across
the r a i l s act as bearings for the jacksraquo In order to raise the car the
jack blocks are placed across the r a i l s so-that the two jackscrews at
each end wil l rest upon them
Four 20-inch 25-ton auxi l iary jacks having a t o t a l r i s e of 9
inches are carried on each railway car and weight-approximately 95 pounds
ea[ch They can be used for emergency purposes or in case the regular
jacks are out of ordershy
(b) To ra ise mount with screw jacks refer to plate XXV
Two men required on each set of jacks (four if both ends of car are to be raised)
Tools needed 4 Jack levers bull
2317 6
(1) Place jack blocks across rails under jacksf The faces
of the block with the bearing surfaces should be next to the rail and
jack screws
(2) Turn jack lever until ends of jack screw bear on the jack
blocking Be sure the jack blocking is correctly placed so as to give
good bearing- 011 rails and continue turning levers until car is high
enough to permit the foundation stringer to be placed under the base
plate then put isu the foundation cross beams
(c) To Lower Car Refer to plate XXV
Reverse procedure as outlined in (b) above
(d) To Raise mount with auxiliary jacks Refer to plate XXV
Two men required Tools needed
4 Auxiliary Jacks
4 Wood blocks about 4 x 4 x 4
(l) Arrange blocking directly under seats of t i e rod bracket
castings The top of this blocking should be about 9 inches below the top
of the rai l in order to get the jacks under the mount
(2) Place auxiliary jacks on these blocks arrange pawl so that
jack will raise when handle is lowered insert handle in socket and raise
by pumping until jack engages with lower surface of base plate Operate
jacks until mount is raised sufficient to place foundation
(3) Remove jacks after foundation is placed
jBCTION M - F0I3N DATION
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXIV
The foundation i s intended to take the load off the car
trucks and t ransfe r i t d i rec t ly to the ground through r a i l t i e s 23176
- 2 7 shy
I t i s nade up of four cross beams which support the side
intermediate and center s i l l s of the car and which in turn transmit the
to t-70 l inos of H-b earns placed para l le l to and outside of the r a i l s
on each side of the track Each l ine of beams is composed of two separate
channel irons bolted to each other and Spiked with screw spikes to the
r a i l t i e s in order to prevent movement
The material for the foundation platform is stored on car in
f rent of ammunition t r a y On the car the H-beams are placed at r ight angles
to the t r ack In tack of the beams the cross t ies are placed These beans
and cross t ies are blocked in front by the outrigger brackets in back by
the loading t rays and on the sides by the outriggers On top of the cross-
t i e s the jack blocks are placed These are held in place by fastening the
rope attached to them to the loading tray legs
(b) To place for f i r i n g - Refer to Pla te XXIV
men needed-
Tools required
3 - 2 x 4 timbers about 3 long for parrying H-b earns
1 - Wrench double 0625 and 0laquo75 U43F
The t rack at the location where the gun is to be placed should be
previously prepared The r a i l s should be leveled up and the ba l las t tamped
well under the t i e s
(1) Remove foundation jack block from car platform and place across
the r a i l s with center l ines d i rec t ly under the screw jacks
(2) Raise the car by means of the screw jacks (See Sect L Division
b
2317 6
-28shy
(3) Remove foundqtion stringers from car platform two to be
placed on either side of the track
(4) Place the stringers under the flange of the base plate as
near the rai l as possible and parallel to the track with the ends of the
stringers on either side of the track approximately opposite each other
(5) Connect the stringers at the center by four 75 x 1375
bolts bull
(6) Remove the cross beans from the car platform
(7) Flace the cross beams under the side sillsr of the car restshy
ing on the foundation stringere
(8) Lower the car by means of the screw jacks until the center
portion of the base plaite rests on the foundation stringers and the ends
of the side intermediate and center s i l ls rest on the cross beams
(9) Screw up jacks until they clear blocking by at least one half
inch before firing
(c) To Disassemble foundation and load for carrying
8 men required Tools neededs
1 wrench double raquo625 and 75 U43F 2 Track wrenches 4712C 1 Crowbar 1243A
To disassemble reverse procedure outlined in (b) above
To load the material on car platforms for carrying proceed as follows
(1) Place crossties on car platform against ammunition tablet
The ends of the crossties should be perpendicular to the tracks
(2) Place H~beams with webs vertical next to crossties
(3) Place jack blocks on crossties and lash to legs of ammunition
table 23170
SECTION N - OUTRIGGERS
( a ) Description Refer to Plate XXIIIbull
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the mat copyrial of
which they are made see page
There are eight outriggers furnished with e^ch mount which
form braces to prevent the mount from tipping over or from sl iding on
the foundation -platform when the gun isrbeing f i r ed
The four end outriggers which are fastened both when and
when not in use to a socket on the side of the car should be used ^ien
the gun i s f ired vith in the sector 45 degrees to the r ight or to the
l e f t of the longitudinal center l ine of the car They are each rnade up
of 6-inch hot drawn Shelby s tee l tubing vith an adjusting scifcew on one
end and an eye and pin on the other The adjusting screw has a ba l l on
the end and can be screved in or out of the nut s t ru t end with a s tee l
rod which f i t s into holes provided next t o the b a l l The fixed end of
the outrigger res ts in asocket casting on the car side and the ball of
the adjusting screwscrests in the foot p la te used to d i s t r ibu te the load
over the wooden f l o a t From the nut s t ru t end to a bracket on the car
d i rec t ly below the outrigger bracket is a t i e rod As the center l ine of
the outrigger s t ru t does not pass through the trunnions of the gun there
i s an overturning tendency when the gun is f i red normal to track The
purpose of the t i e rod i s to counteract t h i s tendency
The four side outriggers which are also fastened to a socket
on the side of the car should be used when the gun is f i red within the
sec tor 45 degrees to the r ight or l e f t of a cross center l ine of the ca r
23176
They ar4 the same in every respect as the end outriggers
The footplates are of cast steel and are used to transmit the
thrust from the struts to the f loats Their lower surfaces are smooth
and the upper parts have sockets to receive the ball ends of the struts
Each float is built up of two layers of Mocking so as to disshy
tribute the ioad from the strut over 20 square feet of ground surface
The lower layer is composed of fine white oak blocks and the upper layer
of three blocks a l l bolted togetlis3raquo There are two angle guides bolted
to the upper surface of the floats for guiding the foot plates
Mien not in use the floats and footplates are placed on the
car platform The floats are piled in an inclined position against the
ammunition trough in the rear of the car The footplates are piled on
the front platform of the car qgnd lean against the ammunition table
The float lashingi for holding the floats in position (See
Plate XXVl) while in transit is composed of five wire ropes fastened toshy
gether by steel rings and turnbuckles When the floats are loaded in
traveling position two of the wire ropes held together by a turnbuckle
are passed around the lower part of the floats and secured to the amshy
munition table by steel rings At the upper part of the float two more
wire ropes are passed around also held together by turnbuckles and seshy
cured to the ananunition table by steel rings The upper lashing is held
in place by the angles on the sides and by another wire rope in the rear
fastened to the platform Turning the turnbuckles tightens the ropes and
holds the floats in place
The footplate lashing for holding the foot plates in position
vhile in transit is composed Of one wire rope with a hook on one end and
23176
- 3 1 shy
a tumbuckle on the other Illhen the pla tes are loaded in traveling posishy
t ion the rope i s fastened to the lower angle of the ammunition tab le and
run diagonally along the foot p la tes from the bottom rear to tfre top front
Ihey are prevented from sl iding forward by an-angle at the f ron t Turning
the turnbuckle t ightens the rope and holds the pla tes in p lace
The s t ru t s and end t i e rods are fixed permanently to the sockets
on the mount and vdien not in use are swung around and hung on the side of
the mount bull The center t i e rods are taken off and placed on top of the
loading platform in back of the front ammunition t a b l e
(b) To Place an End Outrigger for F i r ing
Six men required
Tools needed 2 - 2raquo x 6 inch boards 8 f t long 1 - s l ing of rope about 30 f t long 2 - Shovels 8819A 2 - Picks U51A 1 - Long handled shovel 1 - Axe U51D 1 - 0875 diameter x 24 rod to turn s t r u t adjusting screwshy1 - Crowbar 1243A 1 - Hammer U48F 1 - 2 x 4 timber about 5 long f^rtftatepiftg earth 1 - Rule 1 - Tape measure 4 - Stakes
1 - 1 x 2 board exactly 90 inches long
(1) Move t i e if necessary and lay off oblong on ground 60 x 35
so that one corner of the long side is 56 from center of mount and 28
from center l i ne of trucks and the other corner will be 108 from center
l i ne of mount and 68 from center l ine of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pplusmnb u n t i l sides meet at a depth of 90 from top
of car platform
23176
(3) Loosen up turn bustle of footplate lashing^ and remove a l l foot
plates from platform and place them on ground in a convenient place
(-) Uohooi float lashing and throw to one side away from f loats
Fasten sling around upper f loat Slide i t dovn skids to ground and place
i t in p i t with i t s under surface resting on rear or sloping part of pi t
and with angles s t i l l horizontal
(5) Place a foot plate vdth i t s under surface bearing in the center
and between angles on the f loa t
(D) Lift outrigger strut out of carrying bracket and swing i t arround
on the socket casting and turn adjusting screw up in the strut so as to
isike i t as short as possible If i t is difficult to turn the adjusting
screw the 875 inch diameter rod should be used which f i t s in the holes
next to the ball-end Swing end of outrigger around until the ball is
right over socket of foot plate and turn adjusting screw out until the ball
bears against socket and causes compression in the strut
(7) Remove t i e roduf rom car and fasten to strutbull Turn the tumshy
buckle until rod is t igh t
(8) Pile earth against the part of under surface of float which
projects above the ground level tamping well to give a good bearing for
the whole under surface of float
(c) To Place a side Outrigger for Firing Refer to Plate XXIII
Six men required
Tools needed Same as for (b) above
( l ) Lay off oblong on ground 60 x 55^ so that one oorner of the
long side is IQOfl from center line of mount and 128 back from center line
23176
- 3 3 shy
of trucks and the other end Ls 155 from center line of mount and 128
back from center line of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pit until sides meet in the center of the pit at
a distance of 90 from the top of car platform
(3) Place floats and foot plates in the same manner as for end outshy
riggers
(4) Swing outrigger from mount and turn adjusting screw out until
the ball end bears against sOcket and causes compression in the strut
(5) Remove center t ie rods from car platform and connect to t ie rod
studs ^lowing rod to drop down to lugs on lower part of outrigger beam
and adjust turnbuckle until pin can be inserted in the holes in lugs
(6) Pile earth agpoundpoundnst part of under surface of float which projects
above the ground levellaquo tamping well to give a good bearing for the vhole
surface of floatbull
(7) Remove remaining floats if there are any from end car platshy
form and place them in a convenient place out of the my
(d) Tos Adjust Screw on Outriggers Refer to Plate XXIII
Qne man required
Tools needed
bull875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B
After the gun has been fired i t may be |ound that the outriggers
have packed the earth under the float and that the struts do not bear
firmly against the foot plates After every firing the adjusting screws
should be turned out if necessary in ordefr to make firm bearing As
stated above the adjusting screw should be turned out by means of the
bull875-inch rods which f i t in holes next to the ball end of the strut
23176
bull - 3 4 shy
(amp) To Adjust Floats Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed bull875 diameter by 24-inch rod 106B 1 Crowbar 1243A
If the movement of earth under the floats continues as the
firing goes on until the adjusting screws have reached their outward limit
earth or blocking will have to be placed under the float to give a new
bearing surfacelaquo To do this proceed as follows
(1) Turn adjusting screw up in the struts as irar as i t will go
(2) With crowLars move the foot plates and floats up tovyard the
car keeping their inclination the same as before
(3) Hold the floats in this position by means of wedges and f i l l in
the back of floats with earth or blocks until the whole under surface of
the floats have a firm bearing
(4) Turn adjusting screw out again to give compression in the strut
I t may be necessary also to adjust the length of t ie rod on side outriggers
which can be done by turning turn buckle
(f ) To Place Had Outrigger strut for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed
0875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B Hammer U48F
(1) Remove pin with spli t pin holding end t i e rod to outrigger
strut swing t i e rod around and hang i t on bracket on side of the mount
(2) Turn adjusting screv up on the strut as far as i t vail go
Swing free end of strut around and hanamp i t on bracket on side of mount
23176
- 3 5 shy
(g) To Place Sidcopy Outrigger for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII-
Four men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F -875-inch by 24-inoh rod 106B
(1) Remove pin connecting side t i e rod to outrigger s t r u t remove
t i e rod from bracket and place on car platform (see Plate XXIII)bull
(2) Turn adjusting screw of s t r u t up as far as i t wi l l go- thus
allowing s t ru t to swing free of foot p l a t e shy
(3) Lift free end of s t ru t and swing around on to top of base
p la t e inside of outrigger support
(h) To Place Floats and Foot p la tes for carrying - Refer to
Plate XXVI
Six men required
Tools needed 1 sl ing of 1-inch rope about 30 f t long 1 wrench double 0625 and 0raquo75 U43F 1 pinch bar i crowbar 1243A
(1) Lay foot p la tes to one side raise f i r s t f loa t with crowbar
and then s l ide f loat up skids on to rear platform of car Place f loat
vith long side against ammunition trough and angle side out angles benjig
v e r t i c a l (See Plate XXVI)
(2) Place second i l o a t as abovevwith the under surface of same
res t ing against the angles of the f i r s t f loa t bull
(3) Continue loading f loa t s as in (2) un t i l the l a s t one has been
placed on the mount
(4) Last f loa t s together as described in (a)raquo
23176
-36shy
(5) Place foot p la te on le f t front of car in inclined position
res t ing against ammunition table
(6) Continue loading remaining foot p la tes ampa in (5) un t i l the
l a s t one has been placed on the mount
(7) Laah foot p la tes together as described in ( a )
SECTION 0- - AMMUNITION HANDLING
Refer to Plates XV and XXVII
A t r i p l e x block lowers the ammunition from the ammunition car in
the rear of the mount to the ammunition trough bolted to the platform of
the Howitzer c a r The upper surface of the t ray is bu i l t on an incl ine
do that the ammunition can be s l i d on to a t a b l e This table wil l hold
seven p r o j e c t i l e s The crane (See Sect G ) ho is t s the ammunition from
the table to the loading t ray on the traversing part of the mount ampa inshy
cl ine trough extends from th i s t ray to tike breech of the Howitzer- Two
men then push the pro jec t i l e down the inclined surface into the breech of
the howitzer
ggCTION PVr MUZZLE SUPPORT
(a) Description Refer to Plates I and II
For l i s t of par ts with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The gun when traveling i s held firmly to the mount by a muzzle
support and band The muzzle of the gun res t s on the muzzle support which
in tum is supported by the ammunition trough A wire rope i s passed over
the muzzle and to the ammunition trough by a band latch and hinge On
one end of the vire rope a stud i s fastened in an open socket This stud
f i t s in a hole in the band latch and has a nut on i t By tightening th is
23176
laquo-37shy
nut the rope holds the muzzle- of the gun on the muzzle block
(b) To Place Muzzle Support
One man required
Tools needed 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s 1 - wrench double 0375 and 1 U4-3G
( l ) Depress gun to 0 degrees elevation and traverse to 0 degrees
azimuth having muzzle support block in place
(3) Place gun band over muzzle of gun and fasten to band hinge on
One side and band labrh stud on other side
(3) Screw up nut on band latch stud un t i l band is t igh t on muzzle
of gun
SECTION Q_raquo_ - CHESTS
One tool chest and two armament chests are carried with each mount-
They are made of 062-inch s tee l reinforced by angles on the outsidebull The
p la tes are flanged a t the corners to connect to adjacent p l a t e s Two f l a t
s t raps riveted to the bottom by countersunk r ivets serve to protect the
bottom of the chest
The covers are hinged t o the back of the chests and have catches
On e i ther side to hold them open The coders are locked by a lock bolt
a t each side and by Yale lock in the middle The chests are equipped with
handles on each end
The tool chest i s 4C-inches long 20-inches wide and 24-inches
h igh I t is equipped vith one t ray which res ts on shelf angles This chest
i s carried on the r ight end platform of the mount alongside of the loading
trough when t r a v e l i n g Lug angles bolted to the floor p la tes prevent i t
from shift ing
23175
The armament chests are 4G~inches long 20-inches wide and 12shy
inches high They are equipped with two trays placed on top of each
bdquobull -rltA supported on tne chest bottom
bullWhen the mcunt is traveling these chests are placed on the front
of the car platform just in back of the ammunition t a b l e They are held
in t h i s position with angles which are bolted to the floor p l a t e s
The chests should be removed from mount when in f i r ing position
and placed in some convenient p lace
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXXIV
The mount may be camouflaged using the five color system
following the foliage design vith color key in black and white shown on
Pla te XXXIV
The object of th i s method of painting is to break up the lamprge
surfaces into a number of small sections so as to produce the appearance
of a c lus ter of shrubbery vith patches of l ight and shadow
To completely camouflage the mount i t should be covered with a
semi-transparent camou1 lagcopy canopy of ten t form similar to that used for
tljre 12-in oh Gun Railway Carriage shown on drawings Class 85 Division 22
Drawings 1 2 and 3raquo
(b) Pa)ntslaquo
The pa in ts to be used are the Q Government Camouflage Paints
prepared for the five color sjrstem and in the proportion as follows
applied over a coat of Ordnance Grey and never on bare metal
123455
Brown Yellow Cream Green Mauve Black
No 4041 4C42
4043 4044 4046 4045
-10 3 5 10 2 1
par ts
bullbull deg 23176
- 39shy
Th e paiat numbers referred to above are the US Government
Paijit numbers The parts referred to indicate the relative amounts of
paints of the different colors which will be required to camouflage one
12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount
Each color for convenience should be furnished for use in one
gallon friction top cans with handle Paints should be furnished in the
cans mixed ready for use Mien paint becomes too thick and i t is necessary
to thin use ^linseed oil and turpentine for that purpose being careful
not to use too much turpentine
(c) To Apply the Paint
To apply the paint the surface should be free of all sand
cinders dirt and oil Paint formerly applied and adhering firmly to the
surface need not be removed The section to which the different colors
are to be applied are then laid off in accordance with the design shown
on Plate
After the mount has been properly marked off into the different
sections the colors should be carefully applied care being taken to inshy
sure an even smooth coatf After the different colors have been applied
the lines where the colors meet should be covered with a black band about
one and one quarter inches wide Rrecautions should be taken to see that
the paint is dry and hard before permitting anything to come in contact
with the painted surface
(d) To Remove Paint
The paint may be removed by turpentine or by the use of a paint
torch if care is taken in the use of the flame
pound3 L7
-40shy
MAINTMANCE OFJEHE
SECTION A - Care of Recoil Mechanism
(a) The recoil cylinder should be emptied and refilled once every
three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months or ofterier if
conditions require i t
The liquid inithe recoil cylinder is a solution of esectual parts
glycerine and water- The density of the liquid should be 115 and should
have a neutral or alkaline reaction oaused by adding caustic soda or
caustic potash chemically pure A hydrometer which is kept in the arshy
mament chest whennot in use is furnished to test the solution for densityraquo
This liquid should be filtered through a clean piece of muslin or linen
before using Ihe glycerine should be kept in closed cans provided for
the purpose and be carefully protected from dirt sand and g r i t Liquid
drawn from cylinders and containing sediment must not be used again until
i t has been allowed to set t le for not less than 24 hours
(b) To dismount recoil mechanism Refer to Plate VII
The dismounting of the recoil mechanism should never be undertaken
in the f ield
Four men required one cylinder at a time
Tools neededWrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Buckets Can Screw drivershy U45W gt Wrench single 425 nuts U596D Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower
lt
U596A Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C Wrench recoil cylinders U596B
(1) Elevate the Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plug and drain
liquid from cylinder into buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders
(2) Remove looking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
iod nuts rear
(3) Remove air from recuperator by unscrewing emptying valve on
rear end of recuperator cylinder
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug on the recoil band clears
the end of piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nut front
(5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rod remove follower
gland and packing and screw follower and stuffing box back into the
cylinder
(6) Remove cylinder head weight 174 pounds
(7) Draw piston rod vith piston out through cylinder head end of
cylinder The weight of piston rod vith piston is approximately 392 pounds
care should therefore be used in handling itraquo
(8) Unscrew recoil cylinder and slide cylinder out The cylinder
weighs 628 pounds
(9) Stuffing box follower and leather vasher rray be removed Lockshy
ing screw need not be removed
(c) To Assemble Recoil Mechanism Refer to Plate VII bull
The assembling of the recoil mechanism should never be under
taken in the field
Four men required
Tools needed Wrench recoil cirlinders U596B Screw driver U45S Wrench recoil cylinders U595B Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
- 4 2 shy
Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U595D Screw driver U45W Wrench double 0625 and075 U43F Hand mallet U47AN bull Brass rod 0312 (516) diameter by 12 inches Glycerine and water solution (either new or used) Hydrometer (if solution is new) Filling funnel Can
6 rings of 0375 inch Garlock packing
(1) Insert recoil cylinder in cradle and push i t through until
threads on cylinder come in contact with threads on cradle- Turn cylinder bull
with wrench on flats at stuffing box end until cylinder flange bears fineshy
ly on cradle andnotch in flange at stuffing box end lines up with hole
in cylinder for locking screw
(2) Screw locking screw in cradle
(3) Insert piston rod in cylinder and place leather washer stuffing
box washer stuffing box with gland and follower in place and piston
rod nut (front) on rod when it is pushed through stuffing box end of tcyshy
linder Screw stuffing box in place and ppoundsh piston rod to rear through
recoil band advancing piston rod nut until the distance from the end of
the threaded end of rod to the rear end of cylinder equals 24375- - 001
inches 1
(4) Look the front and rear piston rod nuts
(5) Pack the stuffing box as per instructions erection A division e
(6) With leather washer and recoil cyiinderhead bushing in place
screw on cylinder head v
(7) Fill cylinder vith the glycerine and water solution using f i l l shy
ing funnel prescribed as per instructions section A division d
(d) To Fil l ret oil cylinders Refer to Plate VII
- 4 3 shy
Two men required
Tools needed Wrenchj double 0raquo625 and 075 U43F Pilling Funnel Glycerine and water solution (either new or used)
Hydrometer (if solution is new)
(1) Set Howitzer at 0 degree with recoil band against stops on
cradle and remove filling plugs
(2) In3ert fi l l ing funnel ampnd f i l l to overflowing with solution
of glycerine and water Allow escape of air ref i l l remove funnel and
screw filling plugs tight
(e) To Pack Stuffing Box- Refer to Plate VII
One man required
Tools needed Spanner wrench stuffing box follower- U596A Hand mallet U47AN 60 rings of 0375-inch Garlock packing Screw driver U45W Wrench single 425 nuts U50D Wrench box U423D Brass rod 0312 (5l6) diameter by 12 inches Can
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs and drain
liquid from cylinders to buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders Elevate
Howitzer to 0 degree elevation
(2) Allow air to escape from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing
exhaust stem in valve rear end of cylindershy
(3) Remove locking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug 033 the recoil band clears
the end of the piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nuts
front
-44shy
5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rodj remove follower
guand and packing screw stuffing box back into cylinder and discard
any of the packing that is unfit for use If any is used to repack i t
should be put in after new
(6) To repack put on the piston rod one ring of the packing and shy
force i t well to the bottom of the stuffing box by brass rod and malletlaquo
Treat each ring of packing in the same manner beingcareful to break
joints until three rings of new packing or an equal amount of new and
old packing have been inserted Enter the gland and follower in the box
and soreyen up t ight
(7) Screw piston rod nuts (front) on rods slide Howitzer forward
put piston rod nuts (rear) on and add locking screws
(8) Fill recoil cylinder as prescribed in section A division (d)
(9) Fill recuperator cylinder with air as prescribed in-section B
division (d)
The addition of the leather vasher around the piston rod in front
of the stuffing box allows less force to tighten the follower than if it
were the plain packing
The follower should be tightened up from time to time If i t is
screwed into the stuffing box too tightly an unnecessary amount of fricshy
tion will be produced On the rod Hi en the follower is screwed 4n until
the flange strikes the box i t should be repacked
(f) To Clean Recoil Cylinders
This operation should not b3 undertaken in the field
Three men required Tools needed
Wrench double 0525 and 075 U43F Buckets Can bull
Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower U596A Screv driver U45W Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U596D Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
Plumbers hand force pump with hose
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs drain liquid
into buckets^ and elevate Howitzer to 0 degree
(2) Remove locking screws frrom piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(3) Release followers a few turns remove cylinder heads weight
174 pounds each apd draw out piston rods as prescribed in section A
division (b)
(4) Thoroughly clean cylinders vith kerosene oil forced into both
ends with pump and wipe the interiors dry with clean waste Clean the
piston rod and cylinder heads
(5) Replace piston rod cylinder heads and tighten follower Screw
nuts in place on piston rod and lock
SECTION B - Care of Recuperator
(a) In general Refer to plate VIII bull
The recuperator cylinder and plunger should be emptied and reshy
fil led onpe every three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months
or of tenor if conditions require itlaquo
The liquid in the plunger is the same as that in the recoil
cylinder (See section A division (a) second paragraph)
The in i t ia l pressure of the air$ with Howitzer in lottery should
be 1550 pounds per square inch and of the liquid 1700 pound per equate
inch The pressures are indicated by the pressure gauges on the su^poi-
2 b _ bullbullbull
- 4 6 shy
vith the pump If the pressure of the air is not sufficient to reshy
turn the howitzer to tattdry at maximum elevation 60 degrees and if the
plunger is not full of liquid pump glycerine solution into plunger until
either normal pressure or a full plunger is obtained provided that the
variation from 1550 pounds per square inch is small
If this variation islarge connect the compressed air tank and
raise the pressure in the air chamber The amount of space between the
rear face-of tige washer on the front end of the piston rod and the front
face of the stuffing bampx gland indicates the amount the pistonjhas moved
toward the plunger caused by leakage of the liquid When this distance
equals approximately 5875 inches the piston is resting against the plunger
the plunger must be refilled with liquid before this condition exists or
serious darcage will be done There should always be a space between the
rear face of the washer and the front face of the gland even vhen plunger
is full of liquid Because if the washer is against the gland there is
nothing to indicate that the liquid pressure is balanced by the air pressure
and any excess liquid pressure may damage the piston rod
The pull rod bearings in cradle should always be well lubfcicsated
(b) To Dismount Recuperator Refer to Plate VIIIbull
This operation should never be done in the field unless i t becomes
absolutely necessary The Howitzer must not be elevated while the re-
cup erfi t or is dismounted
Five men required
Tools needed Wrench box U423D Spanner wrench U423E Wrench double 125 and 15 U--33A Screw driver U45AN
- 4 7 shy
Cocket wrench U422G Handle U422H Socket wrenchU422D
bullWrench double 0875 and 1 UltL-3G Wrench U423A Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Screw driver U45AE Socket wrenehi U422C
(1) With the Howitzer at 0 degrees open upper stem on l iquid
valve un t i l l iquid begins to escape then c lose
(2) Depress the Howitzer t o -5 degrees and secure by means of the
muzzle support
(3) Empty a i r from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing both steins
in a i r valve at rear end of cylinder I t i s very important t h a t - a l l the a i r
be allowed to escape before removing any p a r t s
(4) Slack off the front nuts on the large stuffing box at front end
r l recuperator cylinder in order to take the pressure off of the plunger
caused by the pqcking
(5) Push plunger and piston t o the rear with i t s yoke unt i l pul l
rod bushings are uncovered holding pul l rods in the i r original pos i t ion
-(6) Block up under plunger at a point just behind the yoke to
support plunger
(7) Remove lock screw in each yoke bushingbull
(8) Unscrew yoke bushingsbull
(9) Remove pull-rod bracket
(10) Push pul l rods to r ea r
(11) Remove yoke bushings
(12) Pull out the plunger piston rod and yoke which weigh about
500 pounds care being taken t o have these par ts centered at a l l times an
to protect the outer surface of plunger 2 j l lt bull
- 4 8 shy
(13) Remove piston-rod nut washer gland and stuffing box
rivaLl with packing and plunger l ea the r
(14) Draw out piston
(15) Disconnect a i r and liquid piping and remove l iquid valve
(16) Remove plunger protection ring f e l t rusher gland stuffing
box large with packing and plunger leather packing
bullbull(17) Remove set screw in cylinder clamp lock unscrew cylinder
clarnp lock and s l ide cylinder out to rear weight about 895 pounds bullbull
(c) To Assemble Recuperator Refer to Plate VI I I
This operation should never be undertaken in the f ie ld unless i t
becomes absolutely necessary
Five men required-
Tools needed
3 rings flax packing 30D Piston washer leather 30B Spanner wrench U423G Socket wrench U422C Socket wrench U422D Screw driver U45AN Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Wrench- U423A Wrench double 087 5 and 1 U43G Socket wrench U422G Handle U422H Screw driver U45AE Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench U423D 10Ting flax packing 27N and 28M 2 leather packing 27H and 28K I ras3 rod 0437 (716) diameter by 12 inches F i l l ing funnel Can 2 tanks of compressed air
-49shy
I (I) Slide cylinder into housing in cradle screw cylinder clamp
lock on front end of cylinder and lock vith set screw Cylinder weights
1040 pounds
() Place stuffing box gland leather packing and felt washer
on plunger and slide to front
(3) Assemble packing gland and washer to piston and place piston
rod in place in plunger
(4) Push piston and plunger into cylinderlaquo
(5) Pack stuffing box large and put nuts on studamp care being
taken to tighten up nuts alternately so packing bears properly (See
division (amp)bull)
(6) Push plunger to the rear screw yoke bushings on pull iods
and slide pull rods in place
(7) Put leather packing and stuffing box small in plunger and
put nuts on studs
(8) Pack stuffing box sir^H place gland in place and screvnuts
on studs care being taken to tighten up nutsalternately so packing
bears uniformly (see division (e)raquo)
(9) Place washer on end of pistorj- rod and screw nut against shoulder
lOJ Bolt liquid valve to cylinder and connect up air and liquid
piping
(II) Fill the plunger vith liquid connect up the air tank and
f i l l the cylinder vith a i r
(d) To f i l l recuperator cylinder Refer to Plate VIII
Five men required
Tools needed
-5Oshy
Box wrench U423A Wrench U423D Can Glycerine and water solution
Two tanks of compressed a i r
(1) Fill plunger with glycerine and water solution by means of
the pump and at the same time letting compressed air into the air chamshy
ber being careful to keep the liquid and air pressures balanced as inshy
dicated by projection of piston rod forward from stuffing box
When plunger is full there should be only a small space be-v
tween front face of stuffing box gland and rear face of washer at front
end of piston rod Never allow these twoitcopy come together
(2) To f i l l the air chamber -the following has to be done- Connect
upoundgt the air tank with the air pipe connection by the copper tubing open
the valve on the tank then open the valve on the air cylinder Two tanks
are usually sufficient to run the air pressure in recuperator cylinder up
to 1700 pounds per square inch others or parts of others may be used if
necessary
(e) To pack stuffing boxes Refer to plate VIIIbull
One ring of packing is placed in stuffing box and forced well
to bottom with braks rod and mallet Treat each ring of packing in the
same manner being careful to break joints until the five rings have been
inserted Nuts on studs should be screwed tight against glandsraquo 1
TOien repacking these stuffing boxes recuperators must be dis-
mounted (see section B division (b) ) sufficiently to get the packing
out -Any of the old packing that is unfit for use should be discarded-
If any of the old is used to repack i t should be put in after the new
The addition of the leather washers around the piston r^d ampi
plunger in the rear of the stuffing boxes allows less fcrcc to tghJ-en
-51shy
the glands than if i t were the plain packing
The nuts around the glands should be tightened from time to time
If the glands are pressed too tightly into the stuffing boxes an unshy
necessary amount of friction will be produced on the plunger and rod When
the glands are pushed in until they strike the stuffing boxes they should
be repacked
(f) To clean recuperator cylinder and plunger Refer to Plate
See Section B division (b)
This should never be undertaken in the field except in case
of absolutenecessity V i x
Dismount the recuperator thoroughly clean the cylinder
and plunger with kerosene o i l forced into them with plunger s force pump
Wipe the^ in te r io rs dry with clean cotton waste Clean the piston and
pis ton rod
SECTION C - CARE OFELEVATING MECHANISM
(a) To Dismoipit the elevating mechanism Refer to p la tes XI and
XII
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0875 and 1 U4-3G Wrench double 125 and 15 U13BA Wrench double 2 and 225 IK-3ATC Wrench pinion shaft and nut 35 U82H SJcrew driver U45AN Screv driver U45AE Machinist s hammer U48F
Pin punch U47AF Blocks of wood
(1) Take hand wheel off and remove brake band
(2) Remove pinion shaft gear from elevating pinion shafts and
bull lt bullbull bull
- 5 2 shy
rmove elevating pinion shaf t
(3) Take off intermediate pinion shaft nut and washer and remove
intermediate pinion shaft) care being taken to see that intermediate gear
13 blocked up
(4) Remove elevating gear p la te with bearings fastened to i t
(5) Remove intermediate gear
(6) Take off handwheel sha f t
(7) Remove rack
(b) To assemble elevating iaechanism
Reverse the operations as outlined in above for dismounting bull
SECTION D - CARE Off TRAVERSING MECHANISM
(a) To dismount t ravers ing mechanism Refer to Plate XIIIbull
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrenoh double 1raquo25 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C Hammer machinists U48FshyPunch pin U47AF
Wrencty double 2 and 225U43AW
(1) Screw out side leveling screw remove sight with sight bracket
from cradle t runnions
(2) Take off gear case cover
(3) Remove pin and co l la r from end of worm shaft and draw i t out
(4) Knock out pins in lower part of ve r t i c a l trqversing shaft
and take off t ravers ing p in ion
(5) Drav shaft with worm vheel up through case push worm to side
of case when s t a r t ing (
- 5 3 shy
(6) Worm may then be removed from case aad case taken off side
of frame worm wheel may also be driven off shaf t
(b) To Assemble t raversing mechanism Refer to p la te XIII
Tnree men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 6375 and 05 U431 Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 2raquo and 225 U43AW Hammer machinists U48F Punch pin U47AF
(1) Bolt gear case to side frame and place vnra in pocket in case
(2) Drive worm vheel on shaft and place shaft in pos i t ion i
Worm must be held against wall of case gtS3aen assembling vheel and shaft
(3) Drive pinion on shaft and pin in p lace
(4) Slide worm shaft in place and lock i t vith pin and collar
(5) Bolt cover on case and bolt sight assembled or sight bracket
to t runnions
(6) Connect up leveling screw
SECTION F - CARE OF MMUNITEON CRANE
(a) To dismount ammunition c rane liefer to Dlate XXVII
Men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 pin punch
1 screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 anc 05 U-V3C 1 Wrench double 0625 auc O55 Ir4JF 1 Wrench double 0875-and Xraquo U43C
(l) Remove bolt fastening hoisting ropci to erjd of crime mast and
place bolt back in socket on rope This rejiovss sheave block
- 5 4 shy
sheave and crane hook
(2) Remove intermediate rope guard and sheave from crane mast
(3) Remove lower sheave bracket from crane mast and leave sheave and
rope guard attached to sheave bracket
(4) Unpin crank shaft co l l a r andrunscrew crank shaft n u t s
(5) Remove le f t crank and l e f t crank bushing rIhe crank shaft may
now be withdrawn to the l e f t and the pinion s ratchet and f r i c t ion box
and f r i c t ion disc be l i f t ed out The r ight crank may also be withdrawnbull
(6) Remove s p l i t pinsj drive out drum shaft and l i f t out drum and
gear
(7) Remove drum bracket from crane maftr
(8) Remove crane mast from crane mast pedestal and unbolt pedestal
from platform
(b) To AssembLe Ammunition Crane
Men Required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch
1 Screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075 II43F 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1 U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined above for dismounting in (a)laquo
Note- Care should be taken to see that the bronze and s tee l f r ic t ion
discs are assembled in t h e i r proper order
SECTION El ANTI-FRICTION DEVICE
(a) To Dismount a n t i - f r i c t i o n dev ice Refer t o P la te X
Four men required
Tools needed
Wrench single 175a U43V Wrench spanner U596E So rev driver U45AE
( l ) Unscrew locknut on adjusting screw
(Z) Remove s p l i t pin and nut from bearing support
(3) |Unscrew adjusting screw u n t i l beairinf support i s clear of bearshy
ing s e a t
(4) Remove r o l l e r and bearing s e a t
(5) Remove upper trunnion pin bearing anl key
(6) If t ipping pa r t s are out of side fcraiie bearing the bearing
support can be drawn up through the hole in s ids frame
(7) Bel lev i l le springs and washers can nor be removed
(8) Unscrew adjusting screw nut vith lockwasher attached to ifcraquo
(b) To assemble an t i - f r i c t i on device
Reverse the operation as outlined in afcove for dismounting
SECTION fl - CARE OF TRUCK3
(a) To remove trucks from Mount refer t o P la te XXXII
bull-8 Men required
Tools needed
4 Auxiliary jacks 1 Crowbar 1243A 1 Pinch bar
1 - 7-rinch p l i e r s U47AQ
(1) Remove s p l i t pin from l i ve lever pin a-d ^e7--e l ive lever pin
from rear t ruck lever connection Pl^ce l ino laver iivi i i hoe in 3 ive
lever and inse r t sp l i t pin shy(2) Lift- center pin from eenter p la ie hole usin^ pvrtn bar +y ^^-
-56shy
samej if necessary
(3) Raise mount with jacks as described in Part I Section (L) Divishy
sion (d) until mount is clear of trucks
(4) Shove trucks along until they are clear of mount
(fr) To Disassemble and Assemble Trucks Refer to Plate XXXII
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Wrench double 125 and 15 nuts U43BA 1 Wrench double 875 and I-inch U43G 1 - 7inch Pliers U47AQ 2 Crowbars 1243A Blocking 1 - 16-inch Monkey wrench U45LA lCfir Box Jacking screw with levers 1022C 4 Jacks 25-ton 1 Combination Hook and Packing tool
- 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar
(1) Remove pedestal t i e from both sides of truck replacing bolts in
t ies with nut locks and nuts
(2) Remove cotters from equalizer pins (put cotters in a convenient
place so they can be replaced in pin when same are later removed)
(3) Place jack screw on sectire blocking under inside pedestal castings
of outer wheels and raise truck frame until springs and equalizers are reshy
leased sufficiently for removing
(4) Remove semi-elliptic spring keys which will allow spring to be
removed
(5) Remove pins from equalizers and replace pins in same also replace
cotters (Refer to Art 2)
(6) Remove cotters and nuts from Helical spring bolts then remove
bolts and replace nuts and cotters Also remove springs and spring seats 33176
i
- 5 7 shy
7) Place car jack on secure blocking under serai-elliptic spring
soat and raise truck frame sufficient to remove wheels and journal boxes
(Snail jack screws and blocking can now be removed)
(8) Push end wheels with journal boxes away from truck framebull
(9) Disconnect bottom connection rod from both front and rear truck
levers and replace connection pins in their respective places in rods
(lltQ) Remove rear truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole from which it was taken in brajfce beam
( l l ) Disconnect front truck lever from dead lever bracket and replace
connection piniiin dead lever bracket
(12)) Disconnect dead lever bracket from dead lever fulcrum bracket and
replace connection pin in dead lever bracket
(13) Remove front truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole in brake beam
(14) Pull out brake shoe keys and remove brake beams and brake shoes
(15) Remove brake shoe hangers from side frames and replace hunger bolts
with keys in hangers
(16) Place blocking under pedestal casting of end wheels at either end
of truck most convenient and remove the car jacks near the end so blocked
by unscrewing jacks so as to allow frame to rest on blocking This will
permit moving center wheel with boxes intorposition formerly occupied by
aid wheels
(17) Replace ca^r jacks under semi-elliptic spring seats as before and
raise this end so as to release load of frame from blocking at end
(18) Remove end-blocking and push wheels away from frame
(19) Open journal box doors and remove journal box packing with hook
and packing tool 2SI16
-58shy
(20) Tilt the outer ends of the boxes up until bearing wedge and bearshy
nings can be removed remove wedges and take beardiigs out Then remove
boxes
(21) To Assemble Trucks Reverse the process just described
(c) To Pack Journal Boxes
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hook nd Packing Tool Bucket or Tin can of 3 to 5 gallons capacity Galena Oil bull I
Wool or Cotton Waste
(1) With hook and packing tool remove waste also all particles of
sand and gr i t from journal boxes
(2) In the bucket or tin can place enough waste to pack the number of
journal boxes to be packed wool waste is preferable but cotton waste
will do and saturate with Galena Oil
(3) With hook and pacafcing tool pack the oil saturated waste firmly
into the lower section of the Journal Boxes Note - The life of the journal
bearings will be considerably lengthened and the trouble arising from
burned out bearings will be reduced to a minimum if regular inspections be
made of the journal box packing If the car is to be moved a considerable
distance especially after having stood in one place for any length of
time i t i s vrell to see that a l l boxes are well packed with oil saturated
wasted Care should be taken to see that the covers are kept closed and
promptly replaced where broken or lost in order to keep out as much as
possible a l l sand and gri t
(d) To Replace Journal Bearings
Two men required 73V 6
Tools needed
1 Pinch Bar 1 Car Box Jacking Screw 1 Hook and Packing Tool
(1) With car body jacks ra ise car body about two inches
(2) With car box jacking screw ra ise the journal box from which the
bearing i s to be removed about two incheslaquo
(3) Raise journal box cover and remove bearing wedge with hook withshy
draw bearing
(4) Put new bearing in posit ion and replace bearing wedge pack journal
box packing firmly around lower half of journal and be certain that ijournal
bearing and wedge are properly seated
(e) To Place Trucks Under ca r
Reverse procedure outlined in Part I I Section G Division (a)laquo
SECTION- H - CARE OF TRUCKS
(ai To Disassemble Air Brake Refer to plates XIX apid XX bull
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch P l i e r s U47 AQ 1 Pinch Bar 1 Wrench double raquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U45DA 1 S t i l l s on Pipe wrench -25 and 25- inches 637D 1 Wrench double 083 5 and 1-inch riutsU43G 1 Wrench^ double Olaquo625 and 0laquo75-inch nutsfU43F
1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nutsU43^euro
(1) Disconnect hand brake pullrod and brake cylinder leyer connection
from brake cylinder lever and replace connection pin in end of pullrod
(2) Disconnect f loating lever connection from f loat ing lever and re shy
place connection pin in f loat ing lever connection 23176
- 6 0
Disconnect l i ve lever from f loat ing lever and replaco pin in l ive
lever
(4) Unbolt and remove cylinder lever fulcrumfrom center s i l l and re shy
place bolts in t h e i r respective holes in center s i l l and remove cylinder
lever from cylinder lever fulcrum
(5) Disconnect brake cylinder pushrod from cylinder lever and replace
connection pin in end of pushrod disconnect f loat ing lever from floating
lever fulcrum and replace pin in f loating levershy
(6) Unbolt and remove f loat ing lever fulcrum from under side of floor
p la te and replace bolts in fulcrum
(7) Disconnect union on cross pipe between cylinder and reservoir and
remove pipe
(8) Unbolt and remove brake cylinder from support and replace bolts
in support bull
bullbull(9) Disconnect pipes and e l l s from reservoir tha t connect with cross
pipe t o cylinder
(10) Unbolt t r i p l e valve from reservoir
(11) Unbolt and remove reservoir from supports replacing bol ts
(X2) Remove t r i p l e valve
(13) Unscrew pipe3A-
(14) Remove centrifugal d i r t col lector
(15) Remove elbow and pipe GA
(16) Unscrew pige AA from cut out cock and remove self-locking cutshy
out cock No 2135 vith upper pipe AA from 125 t e o
(17) Remove upper pipe AA from cut out cock
23176
(18) Remove V bolt in end s i l l and unccrew self~lockng nngle cck
No 22413
(19) Unscrew pipe R from coupling leaving coupling en pipe SMlaquo
(20) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe S from 125 e l l and leave
e l l on pipe T
(21) Remove pipe T11 from 125 ampee and leave tee on pipe U
(22) Unscrew pipe U from e l l and leave e l l on pipeVi4
(23) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe W from elbregw and leave
elbow on pipe X
(24) Unscrew pipe nX with drain cock from pipe HZ
Note- If i t i s desired to disassemble the complete a i r brake equipment
on mount repeat the above operation for disassembling the mechaniftzft under
the other end of the mount
(b) To Disassemble-land Assemble Handbrakes Refer to Plate XIX and XX-
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0625 and 0raquo7pound-inch nutsU43F
(1) Disconnect handbrake pul l rod from cylinder lever qt3 replace
connection pin in end of rod
(2) Remove handbrake sheave from handbrake pul l rod take chain from
around sheave and fasten sheave back in rod jaws with p in
(3) Unbolt and remove pu l l rod hanger and replace bolts in hanger
(4) Remove pul l rod
(5) Disconnect handbrake chain from brake mast step and brake mast
23176
-62shy
(6) Unbolt and remove brake mast step and replace bolts on mast s t e p p pR b(7(7)) Remove brake mast with handwheel and ratchet attached
c) gtv To Assemble Air Brake Refer to Plates XIX and XX
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 75 gad 1-inch U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch l)47DA 1 St i l l son Pipe Wrench 25 to 25 inches 637D 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075-inch nuts U43F 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1-inch nuts U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined in Section H division ( a )
(d) To clean and Oil Brake Cylinder Refer to p la te XXIX
Two men required
Tools needed
1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 625 and 0875-inch nuts U153E 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U47DA
(1) Disconnect pushrod from cylinder l ever
(2) Remove bolts connecting cylinder to brake cylinder brake and re shy
move pipes connecting cylinder to rese rvo i r
(3) Remove piston head
(4) With kerosene o i l thoroughly clean and remove a l l pa r t i c l es of
sand and g r i t from piston piston r ing and inside of cyl inder
(5) Oil piston lea ther in pis ton with heavy o i l or l igh t grease
(6) Put piston back in cylinder and replace whole on c a r
(9) To clean and o i l t r i p l e valvo K--2 Refer to Pla te XXXIII
Two men required
Tools needed 23176
O
l bull
1 Stillson Pipe Wrench 25 to- 2 5~inchesf 637D i Hamroerj U48F 1-7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Wrench double laquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inchj U47DA 1 Wrench double raquo375 and 5-inch nuts U153B
(1) Disconnect branch pipe union and remove branch pipe from tr iple valve
(2) Dplusmnggt$ pinealtriple valve f roiaauxiliary valvalaquo
(3) Unscrev union nut 17 and remove strainer 16 bull
(4) Unscrev graduating stem nut 20 and remove graduating spring 22raquo
(5) Remove nut from bolts 24 and take off cylinder cap 19 and- cylinder
cap gasket 23
(6) Withdraw piston and slide valve from casing
(7) Remove cap screws 25 and take off check valve case 13 and emergency
valve 9
(8) Remove piston 8laquo
(9) Remove emergency valve 10 and check valve 15raquo
(10) Unscrev retarding device 29 and remove retarding spring 33 and
stem 31bull
(11) Clean a l l parts thoroughly with kerosene oilraquo Using oil sparingly
oil t r iple piston and surface between slide valve and slide valve seat Also
surface between graduating valve and slide valve
(12) Assemble by reversing procedures as outlined above and replace
t r ip le valve in position
(f) To Clean Centrifugal Dirt Collector Refer to Plate XXXI
One man required
Tools needed None
( l) Open cock at bottom of collector until a l l particles of sand
dir t and water are blovn out
23176
-64shy
(g) To Take Up Shoo Wear
Oncopy man required
Tools needed
1 P l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch b a r
(1) Release brakes both hand and air
(2) Disconnect front t ruck lever from dead lever bracket move front
t ruck lever out un t i l the rear t ruck lever wi l l not go back to less than
15-inchear from the t ruck bo ls te r and remake connection in proper hole in
dead lever bracket
(3) If necessary the shoes can be set up t i gh t e r by moving the front
t ruck lever to the end holes Of the bottom connection rod
(m) To Replace Brake Shoes Refer to Plate XXXII
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U47AM 1 Pinch Bar
(1) Release brakes both hand and a i r -
(2) Withdraw brake shoe keys take out worn shoes and replace with
new ones
SECTIOIj I shy CARE OF JACKS
(a) To Disassemble screw jacks Refer to Plate XXV
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch 1 Wrench double1 Wrench double^
125 and 15 U43G 0625 and 075 U43F
23176
-65shy
(1) Unscrew lower jack pinion stud nut and remove ratchet and pawl
with housing bull
(2) Remove upper jack pinion stud nut and take out jack pinion stud
with jack pinion attached
(3) Remove jack screw nut and let jack and ram rest against guide
(4) Take washers and screw gear off of screw
(5) Remove stop from ram and guide from base plate
(6) Remove screw and ram
Note- In order to remove screw and ram i t is necessary to run the mount
over a pi t or dig a hole in the ground
(b) To Assemble screw jacks reverse the operations outlined above for
disassembling
(c) Care and Oilijig of Jaciss
The jacks should be lubricated frequently To do ifcis a steel
compression grease cup is screwed into the stop on the ram This cup should
nevor be without grease in i t The jack levers should be removed and placshy
ed in some convenient place on the platform
(d) Care of Auxiliary Jacks
When not in use the auxiliary jacks should be placed under the
ammunition table The bearings of the jack should be kept well oiled and the
main lifting screw and the teeth of the gears should be lubrioated vith
heavy grease when necessary to make jacks work easily
PART I I I
SECTION A PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED BEFORE FIRING
(a) This carriage is designed to be fired from 20 to 60 degrees elevashy
tion do not fire it below 20 degrees
23176
-66shy
(b) Fold up platform at breech of Howitzer
(c) Take reading at liquid pressure gauge this reading should be 1700
pounds per squre inch a small amount of liquid will leak out each round
and is replaced by means of the pump
(d) Take reading^at air pressure gauge this reading should be 1550
pounds per square inch
(e) The distance the recuperator piston rod moves indicates liquid leakshy
ing at the packing and the rod should never be allowed to stand out past
the gland more than 5laquo875 inches
(f) Traverse gun through entire allowed movement to nampke sure that all
parts work freely
(g) Elevate Howitzer through entire range of elevation to see that all
parts work freely
(h) Make sure that a l l nuts tap bolts and screws on elevating mechanism
traversing mechanism panoramic sight and elevation quadrant are set up
properly
(i) Make an inspection of recoil and counter recoil systems to see
thqfc they are properly assembled especially after the Howitzer has been
dismounted from the oradle
(k) See that the outriggers are set securely
(l) See that the underframing of the mount has a uniform bearing on
the ground platform
(m) Make sure that the recoil cylinder is properly fi l led
(n) All brakes should be released
23176
-67shy
TOBE_OBSERVED BEFORE TRAVELLING
(a) see that a l l equipment to be carried on the mount is properly
Secured and that none of i t projects out past the clearance l ine
(b) Depress gun to 0 degree elevation and traverse i t to 0 degrees
azimuth and fasten gun with travelling lock
(c) Remove panoramic telescope place i t in carrying case and store
in secure place
(d) An inspection should be n^de of journal boxes to see that they
are properly packed and that the bearings have not worn down too much
(e) An inspection should be made also of the brake shoes and mechshy
anism If there is too much play between the brake shoes and wheels
the wear should be taken up in the brake mechanism or the brake shoes
replaced with1 nev ones
(f) Be sure that the complete set of tools areoOn hand
(g) See that buffers and couplings are in proper working condition
PART V
TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF 12-INCH HOWITZER RAILWAY MOUNT MODEL OF 1918
Length of reco i l normal 36 max 375
Angle of Elevation ( f i r i n g 4 2 0 to46O o
ti laquo Depression - 5 loading
it laquo t raverse 360deg
Weight of recoi l ing pa r t s (empty) - 49188
n t ipping 64533(Loaded 65333)
Weight of Car including base p la te 102880
Length over draft Gear - 42 f t 2 i n approx
Total weight of trucks (two) 30000 l b s
-68shy
Type of trucks 6-wheel - 55 x 10 journals
Diameter of vheels 28 in
Weight of t ravers ing parts with gun (Empty) 92353
Total weight on t rack - 19 5 243 bull
Weight of gun including recoi l band amp breech mech bull 47f239
Muzzle Velocity 1950 f s
Range 21600 yds (Approx)
Wt Pro jec t i l e 700 l b s
Wt Povder 95
Chamber pressure 37000 l b s
Muzzle energy 18474 f t tons
Total rod pul l a t 60deg - 348766 l b s
per qxle a t t rack (front) 35931 l b s
laquo n ti ti ( rea r ) 29150 M
23176
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Gaylord Bros Makers
Syracuse N Y PAT JAN 21 1908
~5 shy
List of Plates _
I - 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Right Side Elevation
II bull 12-inch Howitzer Rarilwey Mouvjt Left Side Elevation ltraquo
I I I 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Longitudinal Section
IV 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Plan View
Vlaquo 12-indc1 Howitzer Railway Mount Ftfoi-it Viev
VI 12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount Rear View
VII Recoil Cylinder Assembly
VIII Recuperator Assemblybull
IX Liquid Pump and Piping Arrangement
Xlaquo Liquid Pump Assembly
XIraquo Elevating Assembly
XII Foot lever Assembly
XIII Traversing Assembly
XIV Anti-frriction Device Assembly
XV Loading Assemblyraquo
XVI platform^Assembly Right Side
XVII Platform Assembly Left Side
XVIII Frame Assembly
XIX Air Brake Assembly Front
XE Air Brake Assembly Rear
XXI Lever Assembly Plan View
XXIIbull Lever Assembly Side View
XXIII Outrigger Assembly
YYIV Foundation Assembly
XXV Jack Assembly
23176--
- 6 shy
XXVI Equipment Assemblylaquo
XXVII Ammunition Crane Assembler
XXVIII Weight distribution diagram
XXIX Air Brake Cylinder Type D 10X12
XXX jampuailiary reservoir Type D
XXXI Centrifugal dirt collector
XXXII Truck Assembly
XXXIII Triple Valve K-2
XXXIVD Camcu Isgeraquo
XXXVC Car frame French couplers
XXXVIe Buffer Assembly
XXXVII Draft Gear Assembly
2317$
_^2-Jampich Bovitzer_R^
_Model of 1918
Section A - General Description
(a) Descript ionlaquo
Refer to plates I II III IV V and VI
for l i s t of pgta-ts with their piece mrks and the material of which they
are made see page
The mount is designed to permit the Howitzer to be traversed
through 360 degreoSy elevated from minus 5 to plus 60 degrees and fired
from 20 to 60 degrees
The principal parts of the mount are the base plate which is
a part of the car proper racer distance ring and traversing rcopyllers side
frames cradle recoil system recuperator system traversing and elevating
mechanisms elevation quadrant panoramic sight loading tray loading
and working platforms and car proper including body trucks brakes and
couplers together with outriggers floats jacks and foundation details
The base plate is a one piece casting used as the center secshy
tion of the car proper and bolted to the car frame on each end The
lower roller path is machined on the upper side and a pintle surface is
machined on the outer side of the vertical annular flange on the inner
side of this flange the traversing rack is bolted
The racer is cast in one piece and has i ts lover surface machshy
ined forming the upper roller path corresponding to the lower roller
path on the base plate The inner vertical surface is machined to form
the female part of the pintle The outer vertical surface is machined and
graduations are engraved forming an azimuth circle
23175
There are 640 divisions of 10 mils each the 0 graduation
being on the left side of the racer 45 degrees left of gear- Ihe
aximuth pointer is of gernian silver graduated from 0 to 10 mils and is
fastened to a builb up bracket bolted to the base plate Five clips
engaging the under side of the base plate flange and boltedto the
racer prevent any relative vertical movement o the racer with the base
plate Dust guards are bolted to the ou-ter surface of the racer preshy
venting dust and dirt from entering the traversing roller system and
pintle bearing
The traversing roller system consists of forty conical rollers t
held in a radial position by the distance ring1 and kept concentric with
the pintle by flanges on the inner edges of the rollers in contact vith
the inner edge of the roller path on the base ring Handy oilers are
located on the outsdde Vertical surface of tlje racer vith oil tubes
leading to continuous oil gutters cut in the distance ring for the disshy
tribution of oil to the rollers
The side frames are bolted to tkcopy upper surface of the racer
and held together by the front and rear transom this unit supports
the tipping parts of the mount
The cradle supported in the side frames by its trunnions
serves as a slide way for the hbvitzer when recoiling and carries the
recoil and recuperator systems bull The loading platform of structural
steel extends to the rear of the mount and is held in place by supports
fastened to the rear transom and side frames Tne platform is constructshy
ed with an opening in the center for the howitzer to recoil through
This opening is covered by a folding platform iji two sections connected
23176
mdash9mdash
together and to the loading plajtfora by hinges This platform is down
vu loading and folded back vhen firing On the right side of the
mount is the elevating platform which is folded in vhen traveling A
loading tray built up of structural steel is bolted to the goading platshy
form and is constructed to carry three projectiles at a tims Cranes
on the rear of the loading platform hoist the projectiles from the amshy
munition table on the car floor tothe loading tray i| shell trough placshy
ed in the breech of the Howitzer and resting on the loading tray is usdd
to slide the projectile and powder into the Howitzer The car has a cast
steel center vhlch serves as a base plate and roller path for the travershy
sing parts of the mount and structural steel ends all mounted on standard
six wheel trucks The car servesas a firing platform and transport
vehicle vihen in transport the entireweight rests upon the trucks in the
ordinary way but in firing the car is raised by jacks beams and cross-
t ies then placed underneath and the car lowered thereon relieving the
weight from the trucks The outriggers are then set out against the woodshy
en floats backed by the earth to resist the recoil when the howitzer is
fired
An ammunition trough and table are located on the car floor
and ammunition is brought from the ammunition car to the trough and slid
down to the table which holds seven projectiles
The recoil mechanism recuperator elevating and traversing
bullmechanism anti-friction device crane jacks outriggers trucks car
proper air brakes draft gear and ammunition table will each be desshy
cribed in detail later
2317
-10shy
(b) Operation
The piece i s la id in azimuth by the combined usec of the
panoramic sight or azimuth c i r c l e and the t raversing mechanism Elevashy
t ion is obtained by se t t ing the quadrant at the elevation required and
rota t ing the piece in elevation by the elevating mechanism
Upon f i r ing the Howitzer recoi ls in the cradle a maximum
distance of 375 inches carrying with i t the recoi l band and piston
pul l rods and plunger of the recuperator The energy of recoi l of the
howitzer is absorbedby the resistance which the f lu id in the hydraulic
cylinders offers in being forced through the openings past the pistonslaquo
A portion of the energy of recoi l suff icient to return the howitzer into
ba t t e ry i s absorbed by compressing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder
The return of the piece into bat tery is eased by bullbull-he action of the counter
reco i l buffers which force the f lu id from the cylinder heads through
the small clearance past the cylinder head bushings
SECTION B - RECOIL MECHANirM
Refer to Plate VII
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material
of which they are made see page
The recoi l system operates on th3vpoundrincipal of the hydraulic
brake and is designed to l imit the distance aid regulate the velocity
with which the howitzer moves to the rear when fired
A small portion of the reco i l energy is taken up by compressshy
ing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder but he greater portion is taken
up by tho resis tance the l iquid in the reco i l cylinder offers to being
forced through the or i f ices formed b the t h r o t t l i n g grooves The width
-11shy
of these grooves is uniform but the depth is proportioned so that ths
areas of the orifices varying with the position of the piston during
recoil will be such as to give with the air in the recuperator a conshy
stant resistance throughout the length of recoilbull
In front of the piston the piston rod is extended to form a
buffer This buffer is flatted so thqt the escape of liquid during
counter-recoil through the varying clearances between this and the reshy
coil cylinder head bushing will offer auch resistance as will control
the motion of the howitzer during its return to battery linen the fceccil
piston is in normal recoil position the end of the buffer is back in the
cylinder a distance about 17raquo375 inches from the cylinder head bushing
As the recoil piston travels towards the cylinder head during counter
recoil i t pushes some of the liquid ahead of it into th4 cylinder head
and Tahen the buffer reaches and begins to enter the cylinder head bushshy
ing the cylinder head is filled with the liquid
The recoil mechanism consists of two cylinders fitted in and
locked to cylindrical bosses on the under side of cradle by special nutsshy
Each is closed at the front end by a cylinder head and at the rear end by
a stuffing box The throttling grooves above referred to are three in
number symmetrically located with respect to the longitudinal axis of
the cylinder The piston rod projects through the rear of the cylinder
and is held in the recoil band by two nutsraquo The rear nut should be screwed
up lightly to allow the piston rod to adjust itself in the recoil band
When the piece is fired the piston and piston rod move to the rear with
the recoil band which is attached to the howitzer while the cylinders reshy
main stationary in the cradle A stuffing box with packing and follower
is used to make a tight joint between the piston rod and rear end of cylrU
in front of the stuffing box there is a leather washer which
prevents the l iquid in the cylinder from leaking through the threads
of the stuffing box and also during recoi l keeps the pressure of the
l iqu id from act ing d i rec t ly on the packing in the stuffing box The
cylinder head i s screwed into the front end of the recc i l cyl inder A
bushing i s screwed into the opening of the head to insure proper c learshy
ance for the buffer A tongue and groove with a lea ther washer makes a
t i gh t ftoint between the eylinder and head
_SfiCTION C - RECUPERATOR
Refer t o Plates VIII IX and X
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The recuperator consists of an a i r chanibrer a piston and i t s
packings a plunger and i t s yoke and pu l l rods The pietcn and plunger
s l i de in the cyl indr ica l part of the a i r chamberbull The pis-son rod has a
bearing in the front end of the plunger At t h i s end of th plunger a
yoke connects i t with the pu l l rods which in turn are fastened in the
front by a bracket and in the rear direct t o the reco i l band
The a i r chamber consis ts of a hollow cyl indr ica l forging open
in the front and closed in the rear The cy l indr ica l part in front in
wnich the piston and plunger moveS| i s f i t t e d with a lining of special
watert ight bronze The plunger i s of tfye same material as the l i ne r and
i s machined t o take the piston rod l iquidf and s tuff ing box The plunger
screwed to the yoke and secured by set scraws i s driven at recoi l by the
two pu l l rods which are fastened to the r s co i l band and t r ave l with i t
pu l l rodShave bearings in bushings fixed in lugs on the c rad le 1h3
2 7
-13shy
joint between the plunger and the liner is made tight by a leather
packing held in place by a stuffing box Flax packing held in the stuffshy
ing box by a gland makes the joint between the plunger and the stuffing
box tight A felt washer held by a steel ring and screwedvto the gland
prevents sand or grit from entering the plunger packings
The air chamber or recuperator cylinder plusmn3 locked in a cyshy
lindrical bO3s on the top part of the cradle by a cylinder clamp lock
Flattened places on the pull rod bushings matching up with similar ones
on the shoulder prevent the recuperator cylinder from rotating
The piston consists of a head of special watertight bronze
screwed on a steel rod Ihe front part of the rod is fitted with a bronze
casing and slides in a bearing in the plunge- Its threaded end beyond
the casing is fitted with a nut and washer limiting in the rear the disshy
placement of the piston with respect to the plunger Tallowed flax packshy
ing held by a bronze ring and piston washer held against this ring by
a follower make a tight joint between the piston and cylinder liner A
spring held in place by a nut pinned to the rod presses the f ollower
to the rear against the piston washer
The joint between the piston rod and plunger is similar to that
between the plunger and the cylinder liner
The space in front of the piston and in the plunger is filled with
a solution of glycerine and water the same as in the recoil cylinders
This liquid acts as a seal for the joint between the piston and the liner
and a stop between piston and plunger at counter-recoil
hi air valve body fitted with two needle valves one for filling
and one for emptying is screved in the rear end of the recuperator cylinlor
and connected by tubing to the air pipe connection on the cradle An cb- bull
-14shy
feube runs from this to the pressure gauge hi opening in th-e pipe
connection is used to attach the coiled tube when charging the cylinder
with a i r The opening is closed with a plug when not in use
At the front end of the recuperator cylinder a liquid valve
is bolted and connected by copper tubing to the liquid pipe connection
on the cradle Another tube runs from this to the pressure gauge and
a third to the liquid pump Liquid is poured into the pump through
the opening in the top and pumped through the tubing into the plunger
The liquid pump is fastened to a steel plate support to vhich
is also fastened the two pressure gauges This support is bolted to the
upper part of the cradle on the left sidebull
The pump consists of a pump case or reservoir for the solushy
tion of glycerine and water in the bottom of which is fixed the body
of the pump This contains the inlet valve the outlet valve and the
relief valve and the pump body nut A plunger operated by a lever crank
and link with bearings in the cover and body nut operate in the pump
body (see Plate X)
The relief valve screwed in the top of the pump body has a valve
stem relief spring and capraquo The relief spring is designed to allow the
liquid to blow off at from 2200 to 2500 lbs qpad insures no danampge to the
pump from excess back pressures This spring should never be tampered
with $e t- is adjusted by the manufacturer and tested to function at the
proper pressure If the liquid pump fails to function and there is
practically no resistance offered when the pump lever is operated it nhovs
that there is a back pressure of air in the mechanism To overcome this
disconnect the liquid pipe where i t joins the three way connoction on the
-15shy
of the cradle and operate the lever for a $ew strokes u n t i l l iquid
begins t o flow Reconnect the l iquid pipe to the three way connection
and pump l iquid into the recuperator plunger u n t i l the piston rod washer
just clears the rear gland
SECTION D - ELEVATING MECHANISM
Refer to Pirate XI and XJI
For l i s t of pstrts with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The elevating mechanism consis ts of an elevating rack attached
t o r ight side of the cradle meshing with a pinion which i s operated by
a handwheel through spur g e a r s The spur gearing is supported by the
gear p l a t e and side frame provided -with bronze bushings A band brake
with foot control i s provided to prevent any movement of t he t ipping par ts
when the gun i s f i r e d One turn of the handwheel clockwise elevates the
gun 192 degrees
Refer to Plate XXII
For l is t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page i
The t ravers ing mechanism consis ts of a c i rcular rack fastened to
the base ring and meshing with a pinion bullwhich 1s operated by a handwheel
through a worm and worm wheel The pinion meshing with the rack i s keyed
to the lower end of the v e r t i c a l t ravers ing shaft Tnis shafct has i t s
lower bearing in the t ravers ing shaft bracket ^jhich is bolted to the
racer and i t s upper bearing in the t ravers ing ^ear case which i~ bol-f-oa
t o the le f t side frame The worm whe 3i keyed so bhe upper end cf tho zy-ui
bull46shy
is in mesh with the worm which is keyed to the worm shaft The worn
shaft has both of i t s bearings in the gear case and a handwheel on one
end iThe worm wheel worm and worm shaft are inclosed in the gear case
1W gear case cover has a lug to take the leveling screw bearing pin of
the -sight
SECTION F r
Refer to Plate XXV
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The anti-friction device is designed to relieve the load of the
tipping parts from the main trunnion and ease the elevating and depressing
of the gun It donsists of tvo small trunnions bearing supports adjustshy
ing screws and Belleville springsraquo bull
The weight of the tipping partsr is supported on the small
trunnions and transmitted to the Belleville springs by the bearing supports
and seats The adjusting screvs are tightened up until the crdldle trun^ i
nions have a clearance in the s i i e frame bearings at a l l points This
makes the en t i re elevating load come on the small trunnions and reduces
the handwheel load When the Howitzer i s f i red the Bel lev i l le springs are
compressed and the f i r ing load comes on the side frame bearings
SECTION G - AMMUNITION CRANE f
Refer t o Plate XXVII
For l i s t of pa r t s with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they a r e made see page
Tvo ammunition cranes are bolted to the rear corners of tho
loading platform for use 3a hois t ing ammunition from the ground or amshy
munition t ab l e to the loading t ray bull 2 ampbullgt
For hpistang the 700-pound p ro jec t i l e the shot tongs should
be pdjined d i r e c t l y t o the open socket at the end of the wire-rope For
use with a heavier p ro j ec t i l e an extra sheave block vith a craaae hook
attached- i s provided The wire rope vith the open socket attached^ may
be passed through the blockj by removing one of the p la tes and pinning
t o the mast The shot tangs ^Should then be placed on the crane hook
These two arrangements are shown on p la te XXVII
A section through the drum gearing and f r ic t ion srafetyydevice^
i s shovai on p la te XXVII The cranks may be released with the load dji
any position^ and by v i r tue of the f r i c t i o n safety device the mechanism
wi l l not overhaul The pawl should at a l l times be lef t an mesh with the
ra tche t To insure proper functioning t h i s mechanism should be kept
well lubricated She cranks and the mechanism housed in the drum bracket
should- under no circumstances^ be dismantled in the f ield
l M CAR PROPERj
Refer to Plate XVIII
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Ihe car proper serves as a t ransport f or the travels ing par ts
of the mount outrigger f l o a t s foot p la tes and for the c ross t ies and
bu i l t up H-beams of the foundation platform Ihen lowered on the foundashy
t ion platform i t serves as an emplacement
The car proper consists of a drop frame type of bqdyj vith ends
b u i l t up of s t ruc tu ra l s t e e l p la tes and shapes vitha cast s t e e l center
mounted on tvo six-wheel railway trucks I t i s equipped with four screw
jacks which are used f i r s t t o ra i se the car suff ic ient ly t o allow ths
groundplatf orm to be placed in posit ion under i t and then t o lower uho
-18shy
car until i ts weight rests on the crossties and through them to the
built up H-beams which are spiked to the rail t i e s There are also ffi
outriggers which are set out against wooden floats sunkin pits and back-
ed by earth The outriggers serve to keep the mount stationary during
firing
The over-all dimensions of the car body ends which as stated
above are built up of structural steel shapes and plates are length
12 feet 75 inches width 8 feet 55 inches The underframe is comshy
posed of two center si l ls four intermediate s i l l s and four side siljs
connected to a base plate in the center of the car which forms the lower
level of the car body Ihese si l ls are tied together ^t each end by
channel and s i l l s and cross braced by a body bolster 5 feet 95 inches
from each end The floor plate covering the sil ls consists of four steel
platesbull A step and a hand hold or grab iron is provided at each corner
SECTION I - Trucks
Refer to Plate XXXII
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The trucks of which there are two are of built up type the
frame being made up of plates and steel castings The center portion of
the frame is a steel casting forming a bolster and is riveted to the side
pieces Separate MraquoCraquoBlaquo center plates are riveted to the top of the
bolsters- Side bearings consisting of steel plates held in position by
cast recesses are placed on 45-inch centers The vertical distance from
the side bearing surface to the center plate ie 275 inches Steel
ings are riveted to the side^plates which fern the pedestals
-19shy
Th e journals a re standard MCB amppound x 10 and 28-inch wheampls
of ro l l ed s t e e l are pressed on the a x l e s
The loading on the t rucks r s t ransmitted t o the journals by )
s emi -e l l i p t i c springs and equalizers The equalizers bear on the journal
boxes and t h e i r outer ends are supported by coi l springs held dn place by
the pedestal cast ings
Inside hung brakes are applied on four wheels of each truck
The brake beams are MCraquoB No 4 t russed type with shoes keyed to heads
The beams are hung from brackets cast on the t ruck frames Separate cast
s t e e l lugs are riveted on both sides of the bols ter for connecting the
dead lever guides on one side and the l ive lever guides on the1 other
J -VBRAKESJL
Refer to Plates XIX XX XXI XXII XXIX XXX XXXI XXXIII
For Lis t of pa r t s vith t h e i r piece narks and the materialsof
which they are rcade see page
The car i s equipped vith both hand and airbrakes operated by^the
same system of levers and so arranged tha t e i ther can be applied independshy
ently I t i s necessary to apply the handbrakes at each end separa te ly
The ai rbrakes are connected by the t r a i n l i n e pipe and operated simshy
ul taneous ly Detached brake cylinders and reservoi rs Westinghouse type
D 10 x 12 See p la tes XXIX and XXX) are provided with K-2 t r i p l e valves
(See p l a t e XXXIII)raquo There i s also a centr i fugal d i r t co l l ec to r (See p la te
XXXI) and the necessary pipes valves and connections for f re igh t car
equipment
P la tes XIX and XX show the arrangement of brake pa r t s a t e i ther
end of the mount From these pla tes i t w i l l be seen tha t the handbrakes
2317amp
-20shy
can be applied without disturbing the piston in the brake-cylindershy
the piston rod being made up of tubing in which the cylinder push rod
slides It will be further noted that the handbrake staff is connected
to a horizontal lever by means of a pull rod and chain The horizontal
lever is connected to the brake cylinder on one end andto the truck
live lever on the other end by means of rods and levers
The reservoirs are equipped with a valve operated by a rod
which can be pulled to release the air brakes quickly when desired
Ihe triple valve governs the flow of air allowing air to pass
from the train line into the reservoir and from the reservoir to the
cylinders liVhen pressure in the train line is reduced the triple valve
admits air from the reservoir into the cylinder and when pressure in the
train line is again raised the triple valve closes the passage of air
from the reservoir to the cylinder and at the same time allows the air
in the cylinder to escape into the atmosphere This automatically reshy
leases the brakes The reservoir is again recharged from the train line
to the required pressure These operations are effected by opening or
closing of ports in the triple valve by variations in the air pressure
A dirt collector located between the triple valve and the train
line collects dirt from the air before i t passes into the triple valve
The dirt thus collected may be blown out of the dirt collector by openshy
ing a valve at its bottom
_SEC_TION K - DRAFT GEAR AND FRTiNCH COUPLERS
(a) Draft Gear Refer t o p l a t e XXXVII
For l i s t of p a r t s vith t h e i r piece marks and the mater ia l of
which they are made see page bull
2317$
-21shy
The draft gear is known as the Westinghouse friction Type
The V-estinghouse friction parts are enclosed in a drum which is so applied
between cast steel draft lugs to receive the buffing and pulling shocks
The coupler is Gould Coupler Companys pattern Z-201
(b) To Couple the Car
One man-required Tools needed none Car pusher can be used if locomotive is not
available
(1) Set the handbrakes on car enough to keep-it from moving easily
when bumped
(2) Gpen the knuckle on car by lifting the handle of the uncoupling
lever This movement will f i r s t unlock the knuckle so i t can be pulled
open but continuing the movement of uncoupling lever will throw the
knuckle open without the necessity of going in front of or between the
cars When the knuckle of either car i s open i t is only necessary to
Erring the cars together until the open knuckle closes aftd i t will lcopyck
aut orcat ic al 1 y
(c) To uncouple car
(l) Raise the uncoupling lever on one car enough to release the
knuckle and the cars may be pulled apart
(d) French Coupler - Refer to Plates XXXV and XXXVI
For l i s t of parts wiflitheir piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page bull
The bumper blOGks are of white oak each secured to the end s i l l
channels by six 1-inch diameter and two 15-inch diameter bolts To
these blocks the buffers safety chains and parts of the draft hooks are
fastened as shovai on Plate XXXV
The screw couplers safety chains and buffers conform to the
standard now adopted for US Government freight cars in France With
t h i s arrangement and when the car i s connected to the ammunition car
or some other car the couplers draw them together producing compression
in the buffer spr ings
At each end of the car there are two different types of buffers
one with a f l a t buffing surface and the other with a curved surface
Similar buffers are located diagonally opposite on the car in order that
when the cars are coupled together the f l a t buffer of one car will butt
against the curved buffer of the next car This i s done to prevent
damage to buffers when t ra in is rounding a curve
The buffrer housing which contains the compression spring and
ac ts as a guide for the buffer i s bolted to the bumper block by four
bol ts bull A buffer p la te however i s placed between the buffer housing and
the bumper block to give a bet ter bearing surface The large end of the
spring referred to above res ts against a c i rcular p la te and the small end
against the buffer In order to prevent the spring from pushing these
tvo apart a 1875-inch diameter pin is provided which has a head at one
end amdl a t the other end a key projecting through the pin and a collarlaquo
The above mentioned c i rcular p la te se ts up into the buffer housing fqr
enough to allow clearance between the bumper block and the buffer plate
for the col lar and key but i t is prevented from being pushed back by a
cast s t ee l ring bolted to the buffer p l a t e
The draft hook projects through the bumper block end s i l l and
cast s t ee l draft spring stop to a cast s t ee l block which is held to i t by
a nut and s p l i t pin This l a t t e r block i s guided by lugs on the center
23175
sampll and takes the thrust of the compression spring which is seated
at i t s large end on tho draft spring stop rivetedto the center s i l l
of car The draft hook is also guided by another cast steel block restshy
ing against the1draft hook plate and bolted to a bumper block The
shoulders of the draft hook butt up- against this block when released
thus stopping i ts inward motion
The screw coupling is fastened by a pin vith cotter to a
hole in the draw hook It consists of the yoke attached to the draw
hook a clevis for hooking to the next car and a right and left hand
screw to draw the yokes and clevis togetherbull Attached to the middle
of the screw is an arm with a ball at the end which is used as a handle
to operate the screw The right hand threads on one side of this handle
screws through a pin holding the y6kes together The left hand threads
on the other side of the handle screw through a similar pin connected to
the clevis These pins are held in place by cotter pins A screv couplshy
ing is provided at each end of the car but when the train is made -up
only one coupling is used at each connection Mien not in use the loose
end of the coupling is swung on a hook attached to the draft hook plate
under the bumper blocks
Safety chains one on either side ox the draft hook serve as a
coupling in case the screw coupling or draw hooks are out of order These
consist each of a chain and hook fastened to car by an eye bolt The eye
bolt passes through the bumper block and end s i l l and are held in place
by nuts with a split pin To allow a l i t t l e give to the chain four spring
washers are inserted between the end s i l l channel and the nutraquo A cast
steel guide bolted to the bumper block acts as a stop and guide for the
23176
eye bolts and chain
(e) To Couple Cars Refer to Plate XXXVIlaquo
One man required Tools needed^ none
Car pusher can be us 3d if- locomotive is not available
(1) Set hand brako on stationary car (not completely but enough
so that car will move only slightlyif bumped) and bring the cars as
clc-Sff together as buffers will allow
(2) Stampndlig LeUveen cars inside of buffers l i f t one of the screw
couplings from the hook under bumper block and hook staple on draft hook
of other car (if the staple does not reach the hook the coupling will
have to be lengthened by turning the screw with handle)
(3) Tighten screw until there is just enough compression in the
draft hook and buffer springs to make cars ride easily The screw can
be turned easily by raising the ball attached to end of handle in the
proper direction until i t will fal l by i t s own weight thus completing
one turn By repeating above operations the required amount of turns
can be made
(4) Hook the safety chains of one car to the chains of the other
car (5) Connect a ir hose and open angle cock
(6) Release handbrake
(f) To Uncouple Cars
Reverse the process of coupling described above taking care
that the screw coupling is screwed a l l the way out before the staple is
hung on the hook
2317$
^ JL- JACKS
Refer to Platcopy XXV
(a) For l i s t 03 par ts vith t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Four bu i l t in jack screws are located in the corners of the
base p la te d i rec t ly above the r a i l s of a standard gauge t rack
Each jack consists of a ram screw nut r screw gear pinion
pinion stud ratchet pawl ratchet housing and lever
The rain carr ies a nut into which the screw works On the upper
end of the screw i s a screw gear meshing with a pinion on the pinion s tud
A ratchet meshing vith the pinion is turned by a ratchet pawl attached to
the ratchet housing which in turn i s bull operated by a long hand lever
There are two jack blocks 9 inches wide 8 inches high and 5
feet 6 inches long provided vith each ca r These blocks placed across
the r a i l s act as bearings for the jacksraquo In order to raise the car the
jack blocks are placed across the r a i l s so-that the two jackscrews at
each end wil l rest upon them
Four 20-inch 25-ton auxi l iary jacks having a t o t a l r i s e of 9
inches are carried on each railway car and weight-approximately 95 pounds
ea[ch They can be used for emergency purposes or in case the regular
jacks are out of ordershy
(b) To ra ise mount with screw jacks refer to plate XXV
Two men required on each set of jacks (four if both ends of car are to be raised)
Tools needed 4 Jack levers bull
2317 6
(1) Place jack blocks across rails under jacksf The faces
of the block with the bearing surfaces should be next to the rail and
jack screws
(2) Turn jack lever until ends of jack screw bear on the jack
blocking Be sure the jack blocking is correctly placed so as to give
good bearing- 011 rails and continue turning levers until car is high
enough to permit the foundation stringer to be placed under the base
plate then put isu the foundation cross beams
(c) To Lower Car Refer to plate XXV
Reverse procedure as outlined in (b) above
(d) To Raise mount with auxiliary jacks Refer to plate XXV
Two men required Tools needed
4 Auxiliary Jacks
4 Wood blocks about 4 x 4 x 4
(l) Arrange blocking directly under seats of t i e rod bracket
castings The top of this blocking should be about 9 inches below the top
of the rai l in order to get the jacks under the mount
(2) Place auxiliary jacks on these blocks arrange pawl so that
jack will raise when handle is lowered insert handle in socket and raise
by pumping until jack engages with lower surface of base plate Operate
jacks until mount is raised sufficient to place foundation
(3) Remove jacks after foundation is placed
jBCTION M - F0I3N DATION
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXIV
The foundation i s intended to take the load off the car
trucks and t ransfe r i t d i rec t ly to the ground through r a i l t i e s 23176
- 2 7 shy
I t i s nade up of four cross beams which support the side
intermediate and center s i l l s of the car and which in turn transmit the
to t-70 l inos of H-b earns placed para l le l to and outside of the r a i l s
on each side of the track Each l ine of beams is composed of two separate
channel irons bolted to each other and Spiked with screw spikes to the
r a i l t i e s in order to prevent movement
The material for the foundation platform is stored on car in
f rent of ammunition t r a y On the car the H-beams are placed at r ight angles
to the t r ack In tack of the beams the cross t ies are placed These beans
and cross t ies are blocked in front by the outrigger brackets in back by
the loading t rays and on the sides by the outriggers On top of the cross-
t i e s the jack blocks are placed These are held in place by fastening the
rope attached to them to the loading tray legs
(b) To place for f i r i n g - Refer to Pla te XXIV
men needed-
Tools required
3 - 2 x 4 timbers about 3 long for parrying H-b earns
1 - Wrench double 0625 and 0laquo75 U43F
The t rack at the location where the gun is to be placed should be
previously prepared The r a i l s should be leveled up and the ba l las t tamped
well under the t i e s
(1) Remove foundation jack block from car platform and place across
the r a i l s with center l ines d i rec t ly under the screw jacks
(2) Raise the car by means of the screw jacks (See Sect L Division
b
2317 6
-28shy
(3) Remove foundqtion stringers from car platform two to be
placed on either side of the track
(4) Place the stringers under the flange of the base plate as
near the rai l as possible and parallel to the track with the ends of the
stringers on either side of the track approximately opposite each other
(5) Connect the stringers at the center by four 75 x 1375
bolts bull
(6) Remove the cross beans from the car platform
(7) Flace the cross beams under the side sillsr of the car restshy
ing on the foundation stringere
(8) Lower the car by means of the screw jacks until the center
portion of the base plaite rests on the foundation stringers and the ends
of the side intermediate and center s i l ls rest on the cross beams
(9) Screw up jacks until they clear blocking by at least one half
inch before firing
(c) To Disassemble foundation and load for carrying
8 men required Tools neededs
1 wrench double raquo625 and 75 U43F 2 Track wrenches 4712C 1 Crowbar 1243A
To disassemble reverse procedure outlined in (b) above
To load the material on car platforms for carrying proceed as follows
(1) Place crossties on car platform against ammunition tablet
The ends of the crossties should be perpendicular to the tracks
(2) Place H~beams with webs vertical next to crossties
(3) Place jack blocks on crossties and lash to legs of ammunition
table 23170
SECTION N - OUTRIGGERS
( a ) Description Refer to Plate XXIIIbull
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the mat copyrial of
which they are made see page
There are eight outriggers furnished with e^ch mount which
form braces to prevent the mount from tipping over or from sl iding on
the foundation -platform when the gun isrbeing f i r ed
The four end outriggers which are fastened both when and
when not in use to a socket on the side of the car should be used ^ien
the gun i s f ired vith in the sector 45 degrees to the r ight or to the
l e f t of the longitudinal center l ine of the car They are each rnade up
of 6-inch hot drawn Shelby s tee l tubing vith an adjusting scifcew on one
end and an eye and pin on the other The adjusting screw has a ba l l on
the end and can be screved in or out of the nut s t ru t end with a s tee l
rod which f i t s into holes provided next t o the b a l l The fixed end of
the outrigger res ts in asocket casting on the car side and the ball of
the adjusting screwscrests in the foot p la te used to d i s t r ibu te the load
over the wooden f l o a t From the nut s t ru t end to a bracket on the car
d i rec t ly below the outrigger bracket is a t i e rod As the center l ine of
the outrigger s t ru t does not pass through the trunnions of the gun there
i s an overturning tendency when the gun is f i red normal to track The
purpose of the t i e rod i s to counteract t h i s tendency
The four side outriggers which are also fastened to a socket
on the side of the car should be used when the gun is f i red within the
sec tor 45 degrees to the r ight or l e f t of a cross center l ine of the ca r
23176
They ar4 the same in every respect as the end outriggers
The footplates are of cast steel and are used to transmit the
thrust from the struts to the f loats Their lower surfaces are smooth
and the upper parts have sockets to receive the ball ends of the struts
Each float is built up of two layers of Mocking so as to disshy
tribute the ioad from the strut over 20 square feet of ground surface
The lower layer is composed of fine white oak blocks and the upper layer
of three blocks a l l bolted togetlis3raquo There are two angle guides bolted
to the upper surface of the floats for guiding the foot plates
Mien not in use the floats and footplates are placed on the
car platform The floats are piled in an inclined position against the
ammunition trough in the rear of the car The footplates are piled on
the front platform of the car qgnd lean against the ammunition table
The float lashingi for holding the floats in position (See
Plate XXVl) while in transit is composed of five wire ropes fastened toshy
gether by steel rings and turnbuckles When the floats are loaded in
traveling position two of the wire ropes held together by a turnbuckle
are passed around the lower part of the floats and secured to the amshy
munition table by steel rings At the upper part of the float two more
wire ropes are passed around also held together by turnbuckles and seshy
cured to the ananunition table by steel rings The upper lashing is held
in place by the angles on the sides and by another wire rope in the rear
fastened to the platform Turning the turnbuckles tightens the ropes and
holds the floats in place
The footplate lashing for holding the foot plates in position
vhile in transit is composed Of one wire rope with a hook on one end and
23176
- 3 1 shy
a tumbuckle on the other Illhen the pla tes are loaded in traveling posishy
t ion the rope i s fastened to the lower angle of the ammunition tab le and
run diagonally along the foot p la tes from the bottom rear to tfre top front
Ihey are prevented from sl iding forward by an-angle at the f ron t Turning
the turnbuckle t ightens the rope and holds the pla tes in p lace
The s t ru t s and end t i e rods are fixed permanently to the sockets
on the mount and vdien not in use are swung around and hung on the side of
the mount bull The center t i e rods are taken off and placed on top of the
loading platform in back of the front ammunition t a b l e
(b) To Place an End Outrigger for F i r ing
Six men required
Tools needed 2 - 2raquo x 6 inch boards 8 f t long 1 - s l ing of rope about 30 f t long 2 - Shovels 8819A 2 - Picks U51A 1 - Long handled shovel 1 - Axe U51D 1 - 0875 diameter x 24 rod to turn s t r u t adjusting screwshy1 - Crowbar 1243A 1 - Hammer U48F 1 - 2 x 4 timber about 5 long f^rtftatepiftg earth 1 - Rule 1 - Tape measure 4 - Stakes
1 - 1 x 2 board exactly 90 inches long
(1) Move t i e if necessary and lay off oblong on ground 60 x 35
so that one corner of the long side is 56 from center of mount and 28
from center l i ne of trucks and the other corner will be 108 from center
l i ne of mount and 68 from center l ine of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pplusmnb u n t i l sides meet at a depth of 90 from top
of car platform
23176
(3) Loosen up turn bustle of footplate lashing^ and remove a l l foot
plates from platform and place them on ground in a convenient place
(-) Uohooi float lashing and throw to one side away from f loats
Fasten sling around upper f loat Slide i t dovn skids to ground and place
i t in p i t with i t s under surface resting on rear or sloping part of pi t
and with angles s t i l l horizontal
(5) Place a foot plate vdth i t s under surface bearing in the center
and between angles on the f loa t
(D) Lift outrigger strut out of carrying bracket and swing i t arround
on the socket casting and turn adjusting screw up in the strut so as to
isike i t as short as possible If i t is difficult to turn the adjusting
screw the 875 inch diameter rod should be used which f i t s in the holes
next to the ball-end Swing end of outrigger around until the ball is
right over socket of foot plate and turn adjusting screw out until the ball
bears against socket and causes compression in the strut
(7) Remove t i e roduf rom car and fasten to strutbull Turn the tumshy
buckle until rod is t igh t
(8) Pile earth against the part of under surface of float which
projects above the ground level tamping well to give a good bearing for
the whole under surface of float
(c) To Place a side Outrigger for Firing Refer to Plate XXIII
Six men required
Tools needed Same as for (b) above
( l ) Lay off oblong on ground 60 x 55^ so that one oorner of the
long side is IQOfl from center line of mount and 128 back from center line
23176
- 3 3 shy
of trucks and the other end Ls 155 from center line of mount and 128
back from center line of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pit until sides meet in the center of the pit at
a distance of 90 from the top of car platform
(3) Place floats and foot plates in the same manner as for end outshy
riggers
(4) Swing outrigger from mount and turn adjusting screw out until
the ball end bears against sOcket and causes compression in the strut
(5) Remove center t ie rods from car platform and connect to t ie rod
studs ^lowing rod to drop down to lugs on lower part of outrigger beam
and adjust turnbuckle until pin can be inserted in the holes in lugs
(6) Pile earth agpoundpoundnst part of under surface of float which projects
above the ground levellaquo tamping well to give a good bearing for the vhole
surface of floatbull
(7) Remove remaining floats if there are any from end car platshy
form and place them in a convenient place out of the my
(d) Tos Adjust Screw on Outriggers Refer to Plate XXIII
Qne man required
Tools needed
bull875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B
After the gun has been fired i t may be |ound that the outriggers
have packed the earth under the float and that the struts do not bear
firmly against the foot plates After every firing the adjusting screws
should be turned out if necessary in ordefr to make firm bearing As
stated above the adjusting screw should be turned out by means of the
bull875-inch rods which f i t in holes next to the ball end of the strut
23176
bull - 3 4 shy
(amp) To Adjust Floats Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed bull875 diameter by 24-inch rod 106B 1 Crowbar 1243A
If the movement of earth under the floats continues as the
firing goes on until the adjusting screws have reached their outward limit
earth or blocking will have to be placed under the float to give a new
bearing surfacelaquo To do this proceed as follows
(1) Turn adjusting screw up in the struts as irar as i t will go
(2) With crowLars move the foot plates and floats up tovyard the
car keeping their inclination the same as before
(3) Hold the floats in this position by means of wedges and f i l l in
the back of floats with earth or blocks until the whole under surface of
the floats have a firm bearing
(4) Turn adjusting screw out again to give compression in the strut
I t may be necessary also to adjust the length of t ie rod on side outriggers
which can be done by turning turn buckle
(f ) To Place Had Outrigger strut for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed
0875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B Hammer U48F
(1) Remove pin with spli t pin holding end t i e rod to outrigger
strut swing t i e rod around and hang i t on bracket on side of the mount
(2) Turn adjusting screv up on the strut as far as i t vail go
Swing free end of strut around and hanamp i t on bracket on side of mount
23176
- 3 5 shy
(g) To Place Sidcopy Outrigger for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII-
Four men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F -875-inch by 24-inoh rod 106B
(1) Remove pin connecting side t i e rod to outrigger s t r u t remove
t i e rod from bracket and place on car platform (see Plate XXIII)bull
(2) Turn adjusting screw of s t r u t up as far as i t wi l l go- thus
allowing s t ru t to swing free of foot p l a t e shy
(3) Lift free end of s t ru t and swing around on to top of base
p la t e inside of outrigger support
(h) To Place Floats and Foot p la tes for carrying - Refer to
Plate XXVI
Six men required
Tools needed 1 sl ing of 1-inch rope about 30 f t long 1 wrench double 0625 and 0raquo75 U43F 1 pinch bar i crowbar 1243A
(1) Lay foot p la tes to one side raise f i r s t f loa t with crowbar
and then s l ide f loat up skids on to rear platform of car Place f loat
vith long side against ammunition trough and angle side out angles benjig
v e r t i c a l (See Plate XXVI)
(2) Place second i l o a t as abovevwith the under surface of same
res t ing against the angles of the f i r s t f loa t bull
(3) Continue loading f loa t s as in (2) un t i l the l a s t one has been
placed on the mount
(4) Last f loa t s together as described in (a)raquo
23176
-36shy
(5) Place foot p la te on le f t front of car in inclined position
res t ing against ammunition table
(6) Continue loading remaining foot p la tes ampa in (5) un t i l the
l a s t one has been placed on the mount
(7) Laah foot p la tes together as described in ( a )
SECTION 0- - AMMUNITION HANDLING
Refer to Plates XV and XXVII
A t r i p l e x block lowers the ammunition from the ammunition car in
the rear of the mount to the ammunition trough bolted to the platform of
the Howitzer c a r The upper surface of the t ray is bu i l t on an incl ine
do that the ammunition can be s l i d on to a t a b l e This table wil l hold
seven p r o j e c t i l e s The crane (See Sect G ) ho is t s the ammunition from
the table to the loading t ray on the traversing part of the mount ampa inshy
cl ine trough extends from th i s t ray to tike breech of the Howitzer- Two
men then push the pro jec t i l e down the inclined surface into the breech of
the howitzer
ggCTION PVr MUZZLE SUPPORT
(a) Description Refer to Plates I and II
For l i s t of par ts with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The gun when traveling i s held firmly to the mount by a muzzle
support and band The muzzle of the gun res t s on the muzzle support which
in tum is supported by the ammunition trough A wire rope i s passed over
the muzzle and to the ammunition trough by a band latch and hinge On
one end of the vire rope a stud i s fastened in an open socket This stud
f i t s in a hole in the band latch and has a nut on i t By tightening th is
23176
laquo-37shy
nut the rope holds the muzzle- of the gun on the muzzle block
(b) To Place Muzzle Support
One man required
Tools needed 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s 1 - wrench double 0375 and 1 U4-3G
( l ) Depress gun to 0 degrees elevation and traverse to 0 degrees
azimuth having muzzle support block in place
(3) Place gun band over muzzle of gun and fasten to band hinge on
One side and band labrh stud on other side
(3) Screw up nut on band latch stud un t i l band is t igh t on muzzle
of gun
SECTION Q_raquo_ - CHESTS
One tool chest and two armament chests are carried with each mount-
They are made of 062-inch s tee l reinforced by angles on the outsidebull The
p la tes are flanged a t the corners to connect to adjacent p l a t e s Two f l a t
s t raps riveted to the bottom by countersunk r ivets serve to protect the
bottom of the chest
The covers are hinged t o the back of the chests and have catches
On e i ther side to hold them open The coders are locked by a lock bolt
a t each side and by Yale lock in the middle The chests are equipped with
handles on each end
The tool chest i s 4C-inches long 20-inches wide and 24-inches
h igh I t is equipped vith one t ray which res ts on shelf angles This chest
i s carried on the r ight end platform of the mount alongside of the loading
trough when t r a v e l i n g Lug angles bolted to the floor p la tes prevent i t
from shift ing
23175
The armament chests are 4G~inches long 20-inches wide and 12shy
inches high They are equipped with two trays placed on top of each
bdquobull -rltA supported on tne chest bottom
bullWhen the mcunt is traveling these chests are placed on the front
of the car platform just in back of the ammunition t a b l e They are held
in t h i s position with angles which are bolted to the floor p l a t e s
The chests should be removed from mount when in f i r ing position
and placed in some convenient p lace
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXXIV
The mount may be camouflaged using the five color system
following the foliage design vith color key in black and white shown on
Pla te XXXIV
The object of th i s method of painting is to break up the lamprge
surfaces into a number of small sections so as to produce the appearance
of a c lus ter of shrubbery vith patches of l ight and shadow
To completely camouflage the mount i t should be covered with a
semi-transparent camou1 lagcopy canopy of ten t form similar to that used for
tljre 12-in oh Gun Railway Carriage shown on drawings Class 85 Division 22
Drawings 1 2 and 3raquo
(b) Pa)ntslaquo
The pa in ts to be used are the Q Government Camouflage Paints
prepared for the five color sjrstem and in the proportion as follows
applied over a coat of Ordnance Grey and never on bare metal
123455
Brown Yellow Cream Green Mauve Black
No 4041 4C42
4043 4044 4046 4045
-10 3 5 10 2 1
par ts
bullbull deg 23176
- 39shy
Th e paiat numbers referred to above are the US Government
Paijit numbers The parts referred to indicate the relative amounts of
paints of the different colors which will be required to camouflage one
12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount
Each color for convenience should be furnished for use in one
gallon friction top cans with handle Paints should be furnished in the
cans mixed ready for use Mien paint becomes too thick and i t is necessary
to thin use ^linseed oil and turpentine for that purpose being careful
not to use too much turpentine
(c) To Apply the Paint
To apply the paint the surface should be free of all sand
cinders dirt and oil Paint formerly applied and adhering firmly to the
surface need not be removed The section to which the different colors
are to be applied are then laid off in accordance with the design shown
on Plate
After the mount has been properly marked off into the different
sections the colors should be carefully applied care being taken to inshy
sure an even smooth coatf After the different colors have been applied
the lines where the colors meet should be covered with a black band about
one and one quarter inches wide Rrecautions should be taken to see that
the paint is dry and hard before permitting anything to come in contact
with the painted surface
(d) To Remove Paint
The paint may be removed by turpentine or by the use of a paint
torch if care is taken in the use of the flame
pound3 L7
-40shy
MAINTMANCE OFJEHE
SECTION A - Care of Recoil Mechanism
(a) The recoil cylinder should be emptied and refilled once every
three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months or ofterier if
conditions require i t
The liquid inithe recoil cylinder is a solution of esectual parts
glycerine and water- The density of the liquid should be 115 and should
have a neutral or alkaline reaction oaused by adding caustic soda or
caustic potash chemically pure A hydrometer which is kept in the arshy
mament chest whennot in use is furnished to test the solution for densityraquo
This liquid should be filtered through a clean piece of muslin or linen
before using Ihe glycerine should be kept in closed cans provided for
the purpose and be carefully protected from dirt sand and g r i t Liquid
drawn from cylinders and containing sediment must not be used again until
i t has been allowed to set t le for not less than 24 hours
(b) To dismount recoil mechanism Refer to Plate VII
The dismounting of the recoil mechanism should never be undertaken
in the f ield
Four men required one cylinder at a time
Tools neededWrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Buckets Can Screw drivershy U45W gt Wrench single 425 nuts U596D Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower
lt
U596A Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C Wrench recoil cylinders U596B
(1) Elevate the Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plug and drain
liquid from cylinder into buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders
(2) Remove looking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
iod nuts rear
(3) Remove air from recuperator by unscrewing emptying valve on
rear end of recuperator cylinder
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug on the recoil band clears
the end of piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nut front
(5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rod remove follower
gland and packing and screw follower and stuffing box back into the
cylinder
(6) Remove cylinder head weight 174 pounds
(7) Draw piston rod vith piston out through cylinder head end of
cylinder The weight of piston rod vith piston is approximately 392 pounds
care should therefore be used in handling itraquo
(8) Unscrew recoil cylinder and slide cylinder out The cylinder
weighs 628 pounds
(9) Stuffing box follower and leather vasher rray be removed Lockshy
ing screw need not be removed
(c) To Assemble Recoil Mechanism Refer to Plate VII bull
The assembling of the recoil mechanism should never be under
taken in the field
Four men required
Tools needed Wrench recoil cirlinders U596B Screw driver U45S Wrench recoil cylinders U595B Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
- 4 2 shy
Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U595D Screw driver U45W Wrench double 0625 and075 U43F Hand mallet U47AN bull Brass rod 0312 (516) diameter by 12 inches Glycerine and water solution (either new or used) Hydrometer (if solution is new) Filling funnel Can
6 rings of 0375 inch Garlock packing
(1) Insert recoil cylinder in cradle and push i t through until
threads on cylinder come in contact with threads on cradle- Turn cylinder bull
with wrench on flats at stuffing box end until cylinder flange bears fineshy
ly on cradle andnotch in flange at stuffing box end lines up with hole
in cylinder for locking screw
(2) Screw locking screw in cradle
(3) Insert piston rod in cylinder and place leather washer stuffing
box washer stuffing box with gland and follower in place and piston
rod nut (front) on rod when it is pushed through stuffing box end of tcyshy
linder Screw stuffing box in place and ppoundsh piston rod to rear through
recoil band advancing piston rod nut until the distance from the end of
the threaded end of rod to the rear end of cylinder equals 24375- - 001
inches 1
(4) Look the front and rear piston rod nuts
(5) Pack the stuffing box as per instructions erection A division e
(6) With leather washer and recoil cyiinderhead bushing in place
screw on cylinder head v
(7) Fill cylinder vith the glycerine and water solution using f i l l shy
ing funnel prescribed as per instructions section A division d
(d) To Fil l ret oil cylinders Refer to Plate VII
- 4 3 shy
Two men required
Tools needed Wrenchj double 0raquo625 and 075 U43F Pilling Funnel Glycerine and water solution (either new or used)
Hydrometer (if solution is new)
(1) Set Howitzer at 0 degree with recoil band against stops on
cradle and remove filling plugs
(2) In3ert fi l l ing funnel ampnd f i l l to overflowing with solution
of glycerine and water Allow escape of air ref i l l remove funnel and
screw filling plugs tight
(e) To Pack Stuffing Box- Refer to Plate VII
One man required
Tools needed Spanner wrench stuffing box follower- U596A Hand mallet U47AN 60 rings of 0375-inch Garlock packing Screw driver U45W Wrench single 425 nuts U50D Wrench box U423D Brass rod 0312 (5l6) diameter by 12 inches Can
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs and drain
liquid from cylinders to buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders Elevate
Howitzer to 0 degree elevation
(2) Allow air to escape from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing
exhaust stem in valve rear end of cylindershy
(3) Remove locking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug 033 the recoil band clears
the end of the piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nuts
front
-44shy
5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rodj remove follower
guand and packing screw stuffing box back into cylinder and discard
any of the packing that is unfit for use If any is used to repack i t
should be put in after new
(6) To repack put on the piston rod one ring of the packing and shy
force i t well to the bottom of the stuffing box by brass rod and malletlaquo
Treat each ring of packing in the same manner beingcareful to break
joints until three rings of new packing or an equal amount of new and
old packing have been inserted Enter the gland and follower in the box
and soreyen up t ight
(7) Screw piston rod nuts (front) on rods slide Howitzer forward
put piston rod nuts (rear) on and add locking screws
(8) Fill recoil cylinder as prescribed in section A division (d)
(9) Fill recuperator cylinder with air as prescribed in-section B
division (d)
The addition of the leather vasher around the piston rod in front
of the stuffing box allows less force to tighten the follower than if it
were the plain packing
The follower should be tightened up from time to time If i t is
screwed into the stuffing box too tightly an unnecessary amount of fricshy
tion will be produced On the rod Hi en the follower is screwed 4n until
the flange strikes the box i t should be repacked
(f) To Clean Recoil Cylinders
This operation should not b3 undertaken in the field
Three men required Tools needed
Wrench double 0525 and 075 U43F Buckets Can bull
Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower U596A Screv driver U45W Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U596D Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
Plumbers hand force pump with hose
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs drain liquid
into buckets^ and elevate Howitzer to 0 degree
(2) Remove locking screws frrom piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(3) Release followers a few turns remove cylinder heads weight
174 pounds each apd draw out piston rods as prescribed in section A
division (b)
(4) Thoroughly clean cylinders vith kerosene oil forced into both
ends with pump and wipe the interiors dry with clean waste Clean the
piston rod and cylinder heads
(5) Replace piston rod cylinder heads and tighten follower Screw
nuts in place on piston rod and lock
SECTION B - Care of Recuperator
(a) In general Refer to plate VIII bull
The recuperator cylinder and plunger should be emptied and reshy
fil led onpe every three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months
or of tenor if conditions require itlaquo
The liquid in the plunger is the same as that in the recoil
cylinder (See section A division (a) second paragraph)
The in i t ia l pressure of the air$ with Howitzer in lottery should
be 1550 pounds per square inch and of the liquid 1700 pound per equate
inch The pressures are indicated by the pressure gauges on the su^poi-
2 b _ bullbullbull
- 4 6 shy
vith the pump If the pressure of the air is not sufficient to reshy
turn the howitzer to tattdry at maximum elevation 60 degrees and if the
plunger is not full of liquid pump glycerine solution into plunger until
either normal pressure or a full plunger is obtained provided that the
variation from 1550 pounds per square inch is small
If this variation islarge connect the compressed air tank and
raise the pressure in the air chamber The amount of space between the
rear face-of tige washer on the front end of the piston rod and the front
face of the stuffing bampx gland indicates the amount the pistonjhas moved
toward the plunger caused by leakage of the liquid When this distance
equals approximately 5875 inches the piston is resting against the plunger
the plunger must be refilled with liquid before this condition exists or
serious darcage will be done There should always be a space between the
rear face of the washer and the front face of the gland even vhen plunger
is full of liquid Because if the washer is against the gland there is
nothing to indicate that the liquid pressure is balanced by the air pressure
and any excess liquid pressure may damage the piston rod
The pull rod bearings in cradle should always be well lubfcicsated
(b) To Dismount Recuperator Refer to Plate VIIIbull
This operation should never be done in the field unless i t becomes
absolutely necessary The Howitzer must not be elevated while the re-
cup erfi t or is dismounted
Five men required
Tools needed Wrench box U423D Spanner wrench U423E Wrench double 125 and 15 U--33A Screw driver U45AN
- 4 7 shy
Cocket wrench U422G Handle U422H Socket wrenchU422D
bullWrench double 0875 and 1 UltL-3G Wrench U423A Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Screw driver U45AE Socket wrenehi U422C
(1) With the Howitzer at 0 degrees open upper stem on l iquid
valve un t i l l iquid begins to escape then c lose
(2) Depress the Howitzer t o -5 degrees and secure by means of the
muzzle support
(3) Empty a i r from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing both steins
in a i r valve at rear end of cylinder I t i s very important t h a t - a l l the a i r
be allowed to escape before removing any p a r t s
(4) Slack off the front nuts on the large stuffing box at front end
r l recuperator cylinder in order to take the pressure off of the plunger
caused by the pqcking
(5) Push plunger and piston t o the rear with i t s yoke unt i l pul l
rod bushings are uncovered holding pul l rods in the i r original pos i t ion
-(6) Block up under plunger at a point just behind the yoke to
support plunger
(7) Remove lock screw in each yoke bushingbull
(8) Unscrew yoke bushingsbull
(9) Remove pull-rod bracket
(10) Push pul l rods to r ea r
(11) Remove yoke bushings
(12) Pull out the plunger piston rod and yoke which weigh about
500 pounds care being taken t o have these par ts centered at a l l times an
to protect the outer surface of plunger 2 j l lt bull
- 4 8 shy
(13) Remove piston-rod nut washer gland and stuffing box
rivaLl with packing and plunger l ea the r
(14) Draw out piston
(15) Disconnect a i r and liquid piping and remove l iquid valve
(16) Remove plunger protection ring f e l t rusher gland stuffing
box large with packing and plunger leather packing
bullbull(17) Remove set screw in cylinder clamp lock unscrew cylinder
clarnp lock and s l ide cylinder out to rear weight about 895 pounds bullbull
(c) To Assemble Recuperator Refer to Plate VI I I
This operation should never be undertaken in the f ie ld unless i t
becomes absolutely necessary
Five men required-
Tools needed
3 rings flax packing 30D Piston washer leather 30B Spanner wrench U423G Socket wrench U422C Socket wrench U422D Screw driver U45AN Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Wrench- U423A Wrench double 087 5 and 1 U43G Socket wrench U422G Handle U422H Screw driver U45AE Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench U423D 10Ting flax packing 27N and 28M 2 leather packing 27H and 28K I ras3 rod 0437 (716) diameter by 12 inches F i l l ing funnel Can 2 tanks of compressed air
-49shy
I (I) Slide cylinder into housing in cradle screw cylinder clamp
lock on front end of cylinder and lock vith set screw Cylinder weights
1040 pounds
() Place stuffing box gland leather packing and felt washer
on plunger and slide to front
(3) Assemble packing gland and washer to piston and place piston
rod in place in plunger
(4) Push piston and plunger into cylinderlaquo
(5) Pack stuffing box large and put nuts on studamp care being
taken to tighten up nuts alternately so packing bears properly (See
division (amp)bull)
(6) Push plunger to the rear screw yoke bushings on pull iods
and slide pull rods in place
(7) Put leather packing and stuffing box small in plunger and
put nuts on studs
(8) Pack stuffing box sir^H place gland in place and screvnuts
on studs care being taken to tighten up nutsalternately so packing
bears uniformly (see division (e)raquo)
(9) Place washer on end of pistorj- rod and screw nut against shoulder
lOJ Bolt liquid valve to cylinder and connect up air and liquid
piping
(II) Fill the plunger vith liquid connect up the air tank and
f i l l the cylinder vith a i r
(d) To f i l l recuperator cylinder Refer to Plate VIII
Five men required
Tools needed
-5Oshy
Box wrench U423A Wrench U423D Can Glycerine and water solution
Two tanks of compressed a i r
(1) Fill plunger with glycerine and water solution by means of
the pump and at the same time letting compressed air into the air chamshy
ber being careful to keep the liquid and air pressures balanced as inshy
dicated by projection of piston rod forward from stuffing box
When plunger is full there should be only a small space be-v
tween front face of stuffing box gland and rear face of washer at front
end of piston rod Never allow these twoitcopy come together
(2) To f i l l the air chamber -the following has to be done- Connect
upoundgt the air tank with the air pipe connection by the copper tubing open
the valve on the tank then open the valve on the air cylinder Two tanks
are usually sufficient to run the air pressure in recuperator cylinder up
to 1700 pounds per square inch others or parts of others may be used if
necessary
(e) To pack stuffing boxes Refer to plate VIIIbull
One ring of packing is placed in stuffing box and forced well
to bottom with braks rod and mallet Treat each ring of packing in the
same manner being careful to break joints until the five rings have been
inserted Nuts on studs should be screwed tight against glandsraquo 1
TOien repacking these stuffing boxes recuperators must be dis-
mounted (see section B division (b) ) sufficiently to get the packing
out -Any of the old packing that is unfit for use should be discarded-
If any of the old is used to repack i t should be put in after the new
The addition of the leather washers around the piston r^d ampi
plunger in the rear of the stuffing boxes allows less fcrcc to tghJ-en
-51shy
the glands than if i t were the plain packing
The nuts around the glands should be tightened from time to time
If the glands are pressed too tightly into the stuffing boxes an unshy
necessary amount of friction will be produced on the plunger and rod When
the glands are pushed in until they strike the stuffing boxes they should
be repacked
(f) To clean recuperator cylinder and plunger Refer to Plate
See Section B division (b)
This should never be undertaken in the field except in case
of absolutenecessity V i x
Dismount the recuperator thoroughly clean the cylinder
and plunger with kerosene o i l forced into them with plunger s force pump
Wipe the^ in te r io rs dry with clean cotton waste Clean the piston and
pis ton rod
SECTION C - CARE OFELEVATING MECHANISM
(a) To Dismoipit the elevating mechanism Refer to p la tes XI and
XII
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0875 and 1 U4-3G Wrench double 125 and 15 U13BA Wrench double 2 and 225 IK-3ATC Wrench pinion shaft and nut 35 U82H SJcrew driver U45AN Screv driver U45AE Machinist s hammer U48F
Pin punch U47AF Blocks of wood
(1) Take hand wheel off and remove brake band
(2) Remove pinion shaft gear from elevating pinion shafts and
bull lt bullbull bull
- 5 2 shy
rmove elevating pinion shaf t
(3) Take off intermediate pinion shaft nut and washer and remove
intermediate pinion shaft) care being taken to see that intermediate gear
13 blocked up
(4) Remove elevating gear p la te with bearings fastened to i t
(5) Remove intermediate gear
(6) Take off handwheel sha f t
(7) Remove rack
(b) To assemble elevating iaechanism
Reverse the operations as outlined in above for dismounting bull
SECTION D - CARE Off TRAVERSING MECHANISM
(a) To dismount t ravers ing mechanism Refer to Plate XIIIbull
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrenoh double 1raquo25 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C Hammer machinists U48FshyPunch pin U47AF
Wrencty double 2 and 225U43AW
(1) Screw out side leveling screw remove sight with sight bracket
from cradle t runnions
(2) Take off gear case cover
(3) Remove pin and co l la r from end of worm shaft and draw i t out
(4) Knock out pins in lower part of ve r t i c a l trqversing shaft
and take off t ravers ing p in ion
(5) Drav shaft with worm vheel up through case push worm to side
of case when s t a r t ing (
- 5 3 shy
(6) Worm may then be removed from case aad case taken off side
of frame worm wheel may also be driven off shaf t
(b) To Assemble t raversing mechanism Refer to p la te XIII
Tnree men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 6375 and 05 U431 Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 2raquo and 225 U43AW Hammer machinists U48F Punch pin U47AF
(1) Bolt gear case to side frame and place vnra in pocket in case
(2) Drive worm vheel on shaft and place shaft in pos i t ion i
Worm must be held against wall of case gtS3aen assembling vheel and shaft
(3) Drive pinion on shaft and pin in p lace
(4) Slide worm shaft in place and lock i t vith pin and collar
(5) Bolt cover on case and bolt sight assembled or sight bracket
to t runnions
(6) Connect up leveling screw
SECTION F - CARE OF MMUNITEON CRANE
(a) To dismount ammunition c rane liefer to Dlate XXVII
Men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 pin punch
1 screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 anc 05 U-V3C 1 Wrench double 0625 auc O55 Ir4JF 1 Wrench double 0875-and Xraquo U43C
(l) Remove bolt fastening hoisting ropci to erjd of crime mast and
place bolt back in socket on rope This rejiovss sheave block
- 5 4 shy
sheave and crane hook
(2) Remove intermediate rope guard and sheave from crane mast
(3) Remove lower sheave bracket from crane mast and leave sheave and
rope guard attached to sheave bracket
(4) Unpin crank shaft co l l a r andrunscrew crank shaft n u t s
(5) Remove le f t crank and l e f t crank bushing rIhe crank shaft may
now be withdrawn to the l e f t and the pinion s ratchet and f r i c t ion box
and f r i c t ion disc be l i f t ed out The r ight crank may also be withdrawnbull
(6) Remove s p l i t pinsj drive out drum shaft and l i f t out drum and
gear
(7) Remove drum bracket from crane maftr
(8) Remove crane mast from crane mast pedestal and unbolt pedestal
from platform
(b) To AssembLe Ammunition Crane
Men Required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch
1 Screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075 II43F 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1 U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined above for dismounting in (a)laquo
Note- Care should be taken to see that the bronze and s tee l f r ic t ion
discs are assembled in t h e i r proper order
SECTION El ANTI-FRICTION DEVICE
(a) To Dismount a n t i - f r i c t i o n dev ice Refer t o P la te X
Four men required
Tools needed
Wrench single 175a U43V Wrench spanner U596E So rev driver U45AE
( l ) Unscrew locknut on adjusting screw
(Z) Remove s p l i t pin and nut from bearing support
(3) |Unscrew adjusting screw u n t i l beairinf support i s clear of bearshy
ing s e a t
(4) Remove r o l l e r and bearing s e a t
(5) Remove upper trunnion pin bearing anl key
(6) If t ipping pa r t s are out of side fcraiie bearing the bearing
support can be drawn up through the hole in s ids frame
(7) Bel lev i l le springs and washers can nor be removed
(8) Unscrew adjusting screw nut vith lockwasher attached to ifcraquo
(b) To assemble an t i - f r i c t i on device
Reverse the operation as outlined in afcove for dismounting
SECTION fl - CARE OF TRUCK3
(a) To remove trucks from Mount refer t o P la te XXXII
bull-8 Men required
Tools needed
4 Auxiliary jacks 1 Crowbar 1243A 1 Pinch bar
1 - 7-rinch p l i e r s U47AQ
(1) Remove s p l i t pin from l i ve lever pin a-d ^e7--e l ive lever pin
from rear t ruck lever connection Pl^ce l ino laver iivi i i hoe in 3 ive
lever and inse r t sp l i t pin shy(2) Lift- center pin from eenter p la ie hole usin^ pvrtn bar +y ^^-
-56shy
samej if necessary
(3) Raise mount with jacks as described in Part I Section (L) Divishy
sion (d) until mount is clear of trucks
(4) Shove trucks along until they are clear of mount
(fr) To Disassemble and Assemble Trucks Refer to Plate XXXII
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Wrench double 125 and 15 nuts U43BA 1 Wrench double 875 and I-inch U43G 1 - 7inch Pliers U47AQ 2 Crowbars 1243A Blocking 1 - 16-inch Monkey wrench U45LA lCfir Box Jacking screw with levers 1022C 4 Jacks 25-ton 1 Combination Hook and Packing tool
- 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar
(1) Remove pedestal t i e from both sides of truck replacing bolts in
t ies with nut locks and nuts
(2) Remove cotters from equalizer pins (put cotters in a convenient
place so they can be replaced in pin when same are later removed)
(3) Place jack screw on sectire blocking under inside pedestal castings
of outer wheels and raise truck frame until springs and equalizers are reshy
leased sufficiently for removing
(4) Remove semi-elliptic spring keys which will allow spring to be
removed
(5) Remove pins from equalizers and replace pins in same also replace
cotters (Refer to Art 2)
(6) Remove cotters and nuts from Helical spring bolts then remove
bolts and replace nuts and cotters Also remove springs and spring seats 33176
i
- 5 7 shy
7) Place car jack on secure blocking under serai-elliptic spring
soat and raise truck frame sufficient to remove wheels and journal boxes
(Snail jack screws and blocking can now be removed)
(8) Push end wheels with journal boxes away from truck framebull
(9) Disconnect bottom connection rod from both front and rear truck
levers and replace connection pins in their respective places in rods
(lltQ) Remove rear truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole from which it was taken in brajfce beam
( l l ) Disconnect front truck lever from dead lever bracket and replace
connection piniiin dead lever bracket
(12)) Disconnect dead lever bracket from dead lever fulcrum bracket and
replace connection pin in dead lever bracket
(13) Remove front truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole in brake beam
(14) Pull out brake shoe keys and remove brake beams and brake shoes
(15) Remove brake shoe hangers from side frames and replace hunger bolts
with keys in hangers
(16) Place blocking under pedestal casting of end wheels at either end
of truck most convenient and remove the car jacks near the end so blocked
by unscrewing jacks so as to allow frame to rest on blocking This will
permit moving center wheel with boxes intorposition formerly occupied by
aid wheels
(17) Replace ca^r jacks under semi-elliptic spring seats as before and
raise this end so as to release load of frame from blocking at end
(18) Remove end-blocking and push wheels away from frame
(19) Open journal box doors and remove journal box packing with hook
and packing tool 2SI16
-58shy
(20) Tilt the outer ends of the boxes up until bearing wedge and bearshy
nings can be removed remove wedges and take beardiigs out Then remove
boxes
(21) To Assemble Trucks Reverse the process just described
(c) To Pack Journal Boxes
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hook nd Packing Tool Bucket or Tin can of 3 to 5 gallons capacity Galena Oil bull I
Wool or Cotton Waste
(1) With hook and packing tool remove waste also all particles of
sand and gr i t from journal boxes
(2) In the bucket or tin can place enough waste to pack the number of
journal boxes to be packed wool waste is preferable but cotton waste
will do and saturate with Galena Oil
(3) With hook and pacafcing tool pack the oil saturated waste firmly
into the lower section of the Journal Boxes Note - The life of the journal
bearings will be considerably lengthened and the trouble arising from
burned out bearings will be reduced to a minimum if regular inspections be
made of the journal box packing If the car is to be moved a considerable
distance especially after having stood in one place for any length of
time i t i s vrell to see that a l l boxes are well packed with oil saturated
wasted Care should be taken to see that the covers are kept closed and
promptly replaced where broken or lost in order to keep out as much as
possible a l l sand and gri t
(d) To Replace Journal Bearings
Two men required 73V 6
Tools needed
1 Pinch Bar 1 Car Box Jacking Screw 1 Hook and Packing Tool
(1) With car body jacks ra ise car body about two inches
(2) With car box jacking screw ra ise the journal box from which the
bearing i s to be removed about two incheslaquo
(3) Raise journal box cover and remove bearing wedge with hook withshy
draw bearing
(4) Put new bearing in posit ion and replace bearing wedge pack journal
box packing firmly around lower half of journal and be certain that ijournal
bearing and wedge are properly seated
(e) To Place Trucks Under ca r
Reverse procedure outlined in Part I I Section G Division (a)laquo
SECTION- H - CARE OF TRUCKS
(ai To Disassemble Air Brake Refer to plates XIX apid XX bull
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch P l i e r s U47 AQ 1 Pinch Bar 1 Wrench double raquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U45DA 1 S t i l l s on Pipe wrench -25 and 25- inches 637D 1 Wrench double 083 5 and 1-inch riutsU43G 1 Wrench^ double Olaquo625 and 0laquo75-inch nutsfU43F
1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nutsU43^euro
(1) Disconnect hand brake pullrod and brake cylinder leyer connection
from brake cylinder lever and replace connection pin in end of pullrod
(2) Disconnect f loating lever connection from f loat ing lever and re shy
place connection pin in f loat ing lever connection 23176
- 6 0
Disconnect l i ve lever from f loat ing lever and replaco pin in l ive
lever
(4) Unbolt and remove cylinder lever fulcrumfrom center s i l l and re shy
place bolts in t h e i r respective holes in center s i l l and remove cylinder
lever from cylinder lever fulcrum
(5) Disconnect brake cylinder pushrod from cylinder lever and replace
connection pin in end of pushrod disconnect f loat ing lever from floating
lever fulcrum and replace pin in f loating levershy
(6) Unbolt and remove f loat ing lever fulcrum from under side of floor
p la te and replace bolts in fulcrum
(7) Disconnect union on cross pipe between cylinder and reservoir and
remove pipe
(8) Unbolt and remove brake cylinder from support and replace bolts
in support bull
bullbull(9) Disconnect pipes and e l l s from reservoir tha t connect with cross
pipe t o cylinder
(10) Unbolt t r i p l e valve from reservoir
(11) Unbolt and remove reservoir from supports replacing bol ts
(X2) Remove t r i p l e valve
(13) Unscrew pipe3A-
(14) Remove centrifugal d i r t col lector
(15) Remove elbow and pipe GA
(16) Unscrew pige AA from cut out cock and remove self-locking cutshy
out cock No 2135 vith upper pipe AA from 125 t e o
(17) Remove upper pipe AA from cut out cock
23176
(18) Remove V bolt in end s i l l and unccrew self~lockng nngle cck
No 22413
(19) Unscrew pipe R from coupling leaving coupling en pipe SMlaquo
(20) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe S from 125 e l l and leave
e l l on pipe T
(21) Remove pipe T11 from 125 ampee and leave tee on pipe U
(22) Unscrew pipe U from e l l and leave e l l on pipeVi4
(23) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe W from elbregw and leave
elbow on pipe X
(24) Unscrew pipe nX with drain cock from pipe HZ
Note- If i t i s desired to disassemble the complete a i r brake equipment
on mount repeat the above operation for disassembling the mechaniftzft under
the other end of the mount
(b) To Disassemble-land Assemble Handbrakes Refer to Plate XIX and XX-
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0625 and 0raquo7pound-inch nutsU43F
(1) Disconnect handbrake pul l rod from cylinder lever qt3 replace
connection pin in end of rod
(2) Remove handbrake sheave from handbrake pul l rod take chain from
around sheave and fasten sheave back in rod jaws with p in
(3) Unbolt and remove pu l l rod hanger and replace bolts in hanger
(4) Remove pul l rod
(5) Disconnect handbrake chain from brake mast step and brake mast
23176
-62shy
(6) Unbolt and remove brake mast step and replace bolts on mast s t e p p pR b(7(7)) Remove brake mast with handwheel and ratchet attached
c) gtv To Assemble Air Brake Refer to Plates XIX and XX
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 75 gad 1-inch U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch l)47DA 1 St i l l son Pipe Wrench 25 to 25 inches 637D 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075-inch nuts U43F 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1-inch nuts U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined in Section H division ( a )
(d) To clean and Oil Brake Cylinder Refer to p la te XXIX
Two men required
Tools needed
1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 625 and 0875-inch nuts U153E 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U47DA
(1) Disconnect pushrod from cylinder l ever
(2) Remove bolts connecting cylinder to brake cylinder brake and re shy
move pipes connecting cylinder to rese rvo i r
(3) Remove piston head
(4) With kerosene o i l thoroughly clean and remove a l l pa r t i c l es of
sand and g r i t from piston piston r ing and inside of cyl inder
(5) Oil piston lea ther in pis ton with heavy o i l or l igh t grease
(6) Put piston back in cylinder and replace whole on c a r
(9) To clean and o i l t r i p l e valvo K--2 Refer to Pla te XXXIII
Two men required
Tools needed 23176
O
l bull
1 Stillson Pipe Wrench 25 to- 2 5~inchesf 637D i Hamroerj U48F 1-7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Wrench double laquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inchj U47DA 1 Wrench double raquo375 and 5-inch nuts U153B
(1) Disconnect branch pipe union and remove branch pipe from tr iple valve
(2) Dplusmnggt$ pinealtriple valve f roiaauxiliary valvalaquo
(3) Unscrev union nut 17 and remove strainer 16 bull
(4) Unscrev graduating stem nut 20 and remove graduating spring 22raquo
(5) Remove nut from bolts 24 and take off cylinder cap 19 and- cylinder
cap gasket 23
(6) Withdraw piston and slide valve from casing
(7) Remove cap screws 25 and take off check valve case 13 and emergency
valve 9
(8) Remove piston 8laquo
(9) Remove emergency valve 10 and check valve 15raquo
(10) Unscrev retarding device 29 and remove retarding spring 33 and
stem 31bull
(11) Clean a l l parts thoroughly with kerosene oilraquo Using oil sparingly
oil t r iple piston and surface between slide valve and slide valve seat Also
surface between graduating valve and slide valve
(12) Assemble by reversing procedures as outlined above and replace
t r ip le valve in position
(f) To Clean Centrifugal Dirt Collector Refer to Plate XXXI
One man required
Tools needed None
( l) Open cock at bottom of collector until a l l particles of sand
dir t and water are blovn out
23176
-64shy
(g) To Take Up Shoo Wear
Oncopy man required
Tools needed
1 P l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch b a r
(1) Release brakes both hand and air
(2) Disconnect front t ruck lever from dead lever bracket move front
t ruck lever out un t i l the rear t ruck lever wi l l not go back to less than
15-inchear from the t ruck bo ls te r and remake connection in proper hole in
dead lever bracket
(3) If necessary the shoes can be set up t i gh t e r by moving the front
t ruck lever to the end holes Of the bottom connection rod
(m) To Replace Brake Shoes Refer to Plate XXXII
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U47AM 1 Pinch Bar
(1) Release brakes both hand and a i r -
(2) Withdraw brake shoe keys take out worn shoes and replace with
new ones
SECTIOIj I shy CARE OF JACKS
(a) To Disassemble screw jacks Refer to Plate XXV
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch 1 Wrench double1 Wrench double^
125 and 15 U43G 0625 and 075 U43F
23176
-65shy
(1) Unscrew lower jack pinion stud nut and remove ratchet and pawl
with housing bull
(2) Remove upper jack pinion stud nut and take out jack pinion stud
with jack pinion attached
(3) Remove jack screw nut and let jack and ram rest against guide
(4) Take washers and screw gear off of screw
(5) Remove stop from ram and guide from base plate
(6) Remove screw and ram
Note- In order to remove screw and ram i t is necessary to run the mount
over a pi t or dig a hole in the ground
(b) To Assemble screw jacks reverse the operations outlined above for
disassembling
(c) Care and Oilijig of Jaciss
The jacks should be lubricated frequently To do ifcis a steel
compression grease cup is screwed into the stop on the ram This cup should
nevor be without grease in i t The jack levers should be removed and placshy
ed in some convenient place on the platform
(d) Care of Auxiliary Jacks
When not in use the auxiliary jacks should be placed under the
ammunition table The bearings of the jack should be kept well oiled and the
main lifting screw and the teeth of the gears should be lubrioated vith
heavy grease when necessary to make jacks work easily
PART I I I
SECTION A PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED BEFORE FIRING
(a) This carriage is designed to be fired from 20 to 60 degrees elevashy
tion do not fire it below 20 degrees
23176
-66shy
(b) Fold up platform at breech of Howitzer
(c) Take reading at liquid pressure gauge this reading should be 1700
pounds per squre inch a small amount of liquid will leak out each round
and is replaced by means of the pump
(d) Take reading^at air pressure gauge this reading should be 1550
pounds per square inch
(e) The distance the recuperator piston rod moves indicates liquid leakshy
ing at the packing and the rod should never be allowed to stand out past
the gland more than 5laquo875 inches
(f) Traverse gun through entire allowed movement to nampke sure that all
parts work freely
(g) Elevate Howitzer through entire range of elevation to see that all
parts work freely
(h) Make sure that a l l nuts tap bolts and screws on elevating mechanism
traversing mechanism panoramic sight and elevation quadrant are set up
properly
(i) Make an inspection of recoil and counter recoil systems to see
thqfc they are properly assembled especially after the Howitzer has been
dismounted from the oradle
(k) See that the outriggers are set securely
(l) See that the underframing of the mount has a uniform bearing on
the ground platform
(m) Make sure that the recoil cylinder is properly fi l led
(n) All brakes should be released
23176
-67shy
TOBE_OBSERVED BEFORE TRAVELLING
(a) see that a l l equipment to be carried on the mount is properly
Secured and that none of i t projects out past the clearance l ine
(b) Depress gun to 0 degree elevation and traverse i t to 0 degrees
azimuth and fasten gun with travelling lock
(c) Remove panoramic telescope place i t in carrying case and store
in secure place
(d) An inspection should be n^de of journal boxes to see that they
are properly packed and that the bearings have not worn down too much
(e) An inspection should be made also of the brake shoes and mechshy
anism If there is too much play between the brake shoes and wheels
the wear should be taken up in the brake mechanism or the brake shoes
replaced with1 nev ones
(f) Be sure that the complete set of tools areoOn hand
(g) See that buffers and couplings are in proper working condition
PART V
TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF 12-INCH HOWITZER RAILWAY MOUNT MODEL OF 1918
Length of reco i l normal 36 max 375
Angle of Elevation ( f i r i n g 4 2 0 to46O o
ti laquo Depression - 5 loading
it laquo t raverse 360deg
Weight of recoi l ing pa r t s (empty) - 49188
n t ipping 64533(Loaded 65333)
Weight of Car including base p la te 102880
Length over draft Gear - 42 f t 2 i n approx
Total weight of trucks (two) 30000 l b s
-68shy
Type of trucks 6-wheel - 55 x 10 journals
Diameter of vheels 28 in
Weight of t ravers ing parts with gun (Empty) 92353
Total weight on t rack - 19 5 243 bull
Weight of gun including recoi l band amp breech mech bull 47f239
Muzzle Velocity 1950 f s
Range 21600 yds (Approx)
Wt Pro jec t i l e 700 l b s
Wt Povder 95
Chamber pressure 37000 l b s
Muzzle energy 18474 f t tons
Total rod pul l a t 60deg - 348766 l b s
per qxle a t t rack (front) 35931 l b s
laquo n ti ti ( rea r ) 29150 M
23176
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Gaylord Bros Makers
Syracuse N Y PAT JAN 21 1908
- 6 shy
XXVI Equipment Assemblylaquo
XXVII Ammunition Crane Assembler
XXVIII Weight distribution diagram
XXIX Air Brake Cylinder Type D 10X12
XXX jampuailiary reservoir Type D
XXXI Centrifugal dirt collector
XXXII Truck Assembly
XXXIII Triple Valve K-2
XXXIVD Camcu Isgeraquo
XXXVC Car frame French couplers
XXXVIe Buffer Assembly
XXXVII Draft Gear Assembly
2317$
_^2-Jampich Bovitzer_R^
_Model of 1918
Section A - General Description
(a) Descript ionlaquo
Refer to plates I II III IV V and VI
for l i s t of pgta-ts with their piece mrks and the material of which they
are made see page
The mount is designed to permit the Howitzer to be traversed
through 360 degreoSy elevated from minus 5 to plus 60 degrees and fired
from 20 to 60 degrees
The principal parts of the mount are the base plate which is
a part of the car proper racer distance ring and traversing rcopyllers side
frames cradle recoil system recuperator system traversing and elevating
mechanisms elevation quadrant panoramic sight loading tray loading
and working platforms and car proper including body trucks brakes and
couplers together with outriggers floats jacks and foundation details
The base plate is a one piece casting used as the center secshy
tion of the car proper and bolted to the car frame on each end The
lower roller path is machined on the upper side and a pintle surface is
machined on the outer side of the vertical annular flange on the inner
side of this flange the traversing rack is bolted
The racer is cast in one piece and has i ts lover surface machshy
ined forming the upper roller path corresponding to the lower roller
path on the base plate The inner vertical surface is machined to form
the female part of the pintle The outer vertical surface is machined and
graduations are engraved forming an azimuth circle
23175
There are 640 divisions of 10 mils each the 0 graduation
being on the left side of the racer 45 degrees left of gear- Ihe
aximuth pointer is of gernian silver graduated from 0 to 10 mils and is
fastened to a builb up bracket bolted to the base plate Five clips
engaging the under side of the base plate flange and boltedto the
racer prevent any relative vertical movement o the racer with the base
plate Dust guards are bolted to the ou-ter surface of the racer preshy
venting dust and dirt from entering the traversing roller system and
pintle bearing
The traversing roller system consists of forty conical rollers t
held in a radial position by the distance ring1 and kept concentric with
the pintle by flanges on the inner edges of the rollers in contact vith
the inner edge of the roller path on the base ring Handy oilers are
located on the outsdde Vertical surface of tlje racer vith oil tubes
leading to continuous oil gutters cut in the distance ring for the disshy
tribution of oil to the rollers
The side frames are bolted to tkcopy upper surface of the racer
and held together by the front and rear transom this unit supports
the tipping parts of the mount
The cradle supported in the side frames by its trunnions
serves as a slide way for the hbvitzer when recoiling and carries the
recoil and recuperator systems bull The loading platform of structural
steel extends to the rear of the mount and is held in place by supports
fastened to the rear transom and side frames Tne platform is constructshy
ed with an opening in the center for the howitzer to recoil through
This opening is covered by a folding platform iji two sections connected
23176
mdash9mdash
together and to the loading plajtfora by hinges This platform is down
vu loading and folded back vhen firing On the right side of the
mount is the elevating platform which is folded in vhen traveling A
loading tray built up of structural steel is bolted to the goading platshy
form and is constructed to carry three projectiles at a tims Cranes
on the rear of the loading platform hoist the projectiles from the amshy
munition table on the car floor tothe loading tray i| shell trough placshy
ed in the breech of the Howitzer and resting on the loading tray is usdd
to slide the projectile and powder into the Howitzer The car has a cast
steel center vhlch serves as a base plate and roller path for the travershy
sing parts of the mount and structural steel ends all mounted on standard
six wheel trucks The car servesas a firing platform and transport
vehicle vihen in transport the entireweight rests upon the trucks in the
ordinary way but in firing the car is raised by jacks beams and cross-
t ies then placed underneath and the car lowered thereon relieving the
weight from the trucks The outriggers are then set out against the woodshy
en floats backed by the earth to resist the recoil when the howitzer is
fired
An ammunition trough and table are located on the car floor
and ammunition is brought from the ammunition car to the trough and slid
down to the table which holds seven projectiles
The recoil mechanism recuperator elevating and traversing
bullmechanism anti-friction device crane jacks outriggers trucks car
proper air brakes draft gear and ammunition table will each be desshy
cribed in detail later
2317
-10shy
(b) Operation
The piece i s la id in azimuth by the combined usec of the
panoramic sight or azimuth c i r c l e and the t raversing mechanism Elevashy
t ion is obtained by se t t ing the quadrant at the elevation required and
rota t ing the piece in elevation by the elevating mechanism
Upon f i r ing the Howitzer recoi ls in the cradle a maximum
distance of 375 inches carrying with i t the recoi l band and piston
pul l rods and plunger of the recuperator The energy of recoi l of the
howitzer is absorbedby the resistance which the f lu id in the hydraulic
cylinders offers in being forced through the openings past the pistonslaquo
A portion of the energy of recoi l suff icient to return the howitzer into
ba t t e ry i s absorbed by compressing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder
The return of the piece into bat tery is eased by bullbull-he action of the counter
reco i l buffers which force the f lu id from the cylinder heads through
the small clearance past the cylinder head bushings
SECTION B - RECOIL MECHANirM
Refer to Plate VII
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material
of which they are made see page
The recoi l system operates on th3vpoundrincipal of the hydraulic
brake and is designed to l imit the distance aid regulate the velocity
with which the howitzer moves to the rear when fired
A small portion of the reco i l energy is taken up by compressshy
ing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder but he greater portion is taken
up by tho resis tance the l iquid in the reco i l cylinder offers to being
forced through the or i f ices formed b the t h r o t t l i n g grooves The width
-11shy
of these grooves is uniform but the depth is proportioned so that ths
areas of the orifices varying with the position of the piston during
recoil will be such as to give with the air in the recuperator a conshy
stant resistance throughout the length of recoilbull
In front of the piston the piston rod is extended to form a
buffer This buffer is flatted so thqt the escape of liquid during
counter-recoil through the varying clearances between this and the reshy
coil cylinder head bushing will offer auch resistance as will control
the motion of the howitzer during its return to battery linen the fceccil
piston is in normal recoil position the end of the buffer is back in the
cylinder a distance about 17raquo375 inches from the cylinder head bushing
As the recoil piston travels towards the cylinder head during counter
recoil i t pushes some of the liquid ahead of it into th4 cylinder head
and Tahen the buffer reaches and begins to enter the cylinder head bushshy
ing the cylinder head is filled with the liquid
The recoil mechanism consists of two cylinders fitted in and
locked to cylindrical bosses on the under side of cradle by special nutsshy
Each is closed at the front end by a cylinder head and at the rear end by
a stuffing box The throttling grooves above referred to are three in
number symmetrically located with respect to the longitudinal axis of
the cylinder The piston rod projects through the rear of the cylinder
and is held in the recoil band by two nutsraquo The rear nut should be screwed
up lightly to allow the piston rod to adjust itself in the recoil band
When the piece is fired the piston and piston rod move to the rear with
the recoil band which is attached to the howitzer while the cylinders reshy
main stationary in the cradle A stuffing box with packing and follower
is used to make a tight joint between the piston rod and rear end of cylrU
in front of the stuffing box there is a leather washer which
prevents the l iquid in the cylinder from leaking through the threads
of the stuffing box and also during recoi l keeps the pressure of the
l iqu id from act ing d i rec t ly on the packing in the stuffing box The
cylinder head i s screwed into the front end of the recc i l cyl inder A
bushing i s screwed into the opening of the head to insure proper c learshy
ance for the buffer A tongue and groove with a lea ther washer makes a
t i gh t ftoint between the eylinder and head
_SfiCTION C - RECUPERATOR
Refer t o Plates VIII IX and X
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The recuperator consists of an a i r chanibrer a piston and i t s
packings a plunger and i t s yoke and pu l l rods The pietcn and plunger
s l i de in the cyl indr ica l part of the a i r chamberbull The pis-son rod has a
bearing in the front end of the plunger At t h i s end of th plunger a
yoke connects i t with the pu l l rods which in turn are fastened in the
front by a bracket and in the rear direct t o the reco i l band
The a i r chamber consis ts of a hollow cyl indr ica l forging open
in the front and closed in the rear The cy l indr ica l part in front in
wnich the piston and plunger moveS| i s f i t t e d with a lining of special
watert ight bronze The plunger i s of tfye same material as the l i ne r and
i s machined t o take the piston rod l iquidf and s tuff ing box The plunger
screwed to the yoke and secured by set scraws i s driven at recoi l by the
two pu l l rods which are fastened to the r s co i l band and t r ave l with i t
pu l l rodShave bearings in bushings fixed in lugs on the c rad le 1h3
2 7
-13shy
joint between the plunger and the liner is made tight by a leather
packing held in place by a stuffing box Flax packing held in the stuffshy
ing box by a gland makes the joint between the plunger and the stuffing
box tight A felt washer held by a steel ring and screwedvto the gland
prevents sand or grit from entering the plunger packings
The air chamber or recuperator cylinder plusmn3 locked in a cyshy
lindrical bO3s on the top part of the cradle by a cylinder clamp lock
Flattened places on the pull rod bushings matching up with similar ones
on the shoulder prevent the recuperator cylinder from rotating
The piston consists of a head of special watertight bronze
screwed on a steel rod Ihe front part of the rod is fitted with a bronze
casing and slides in a bearing in the plunge- Its threaded end beyond
the casing is fitted with a nut and washer limiting in the rear the disshy
placement of the piston with respect to the plunger Tallowed flax packshy
ing held by a bronze ring and piston washer held against this ring by
a follower make a tight joint between the piston and cylinder liner A
spring held in place by a nut pinned to the rod presses the f ollower
to the rear against the piston washer
The joint between the piston rod and plunger is similar to that
between the plunger and the cylinder liner
The space in front of the piston and in the plunger is filled with
a solution of glycerine and water the same as in the recoil cylinders
This liquid acts as a seal for the joint between the piston and the liner
and a stop between piston and plunger at counter-recoil
hi air valve body fitted with two needle valves one for filling
and one for emptying is screved in the rear end of the recuperator cylinlor
and connected by tubing to the air pipe connection on the cradle An cb- bull
-14shy
feube runs from this to the pressure gauge hi opening in th-e pipe
connection is used to attach the coiled tube when charging the cylinder
with a i r The opening is closed with a plug when not in use
At the front end of the recuperator cylinder a liquid valve
is bolted and connected by copper tubing to the liquid pipe connection
on the cradle Another tube runs from this to the pressure gauge and
a third to the liquid pump Liquid is poured into the pump through
the opening in the top and pumped through the tubing into the plunger
The liquid pump is fastened to a steel plate support to vhich
is also fastened the two pressure gauges This support is bolted to the
upper part of the cradle on the left sidebull
The pump consists of a pump case or reservoir for the solushy
tion of glycerine and water in the bottom of which is fixed the body
of the pump This contains the inlet valve the outlet valve and the
relief valve and the pump body nut A plunger operated by a lever crank
and link with bearings in the cover and body nut operate in the pump
body (see Plate X)
The relief valve screwed in the top of the pump body has a valve
stem relief spring and capraquo The relief spring is designed to allow the
liquid to blow off at from 2200 to 2500 lbs qpad insures no danampge to the
pump from excess back pressures This spring should never be tampered
with $e t- is adjusted by the manufacturer and tested to function at the
proper pressure If the liquid pump fails to function and there is
practically no resistance offered when the pump lever is operated it nhovs
that there is a back pressure of air in the mechanism To overcome this
disconnect the liquid pipe where i t joins the three way connoction on the
-15shy
of the cradle and operate the lever for a $ew strokes u n t i l l iquid
begins t o flow Reconnect the l iquid pipe to the three way connection
and pump l iquid into the recuperator plunger u n t i l the piston rod washer
just clears the rear gland
SECTION D - ELEVATING MECHANISM
Refer to Pirate XI and XJI
For l i s t of pstrts with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The elevating mechanism consis ts of an elevating rack attached
t o r ight side of the cradle meshing with a pinion which i s operated by
a handwheel through spur g e a r s The spur gearing is supported by the
gear p l a t e and side frame provided -with bronze bushings A band brake
with foot control i s provided to prevent any movement of t he t ipping par ts
when the gun i s f i r e d One turn of the handwheel clockwise elevates the
gun 192 degrees
Refer to Plate XXII
For l is t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page i
The t ravers ing mechanism consis ts of a c i rcular rack fastened to
the base ring and meshing with a pinion bullwhich 1s operated by a handwheel
through a worm and worm wheel The pinion meshing with the rack i s keyed
to the lower end of the v e r t i c a l t ravers ing shaft Tnis shafct has i t s
lower bearing in the t ravers ing shaft bracket ^jhich is bolted to the
racer and i t s upper bearing in the t ravers ing ^ear case which i~ bol-f-oa
t o the le f t side frame The worm whe 3i keyed so bhe upper end cf tho zy-ui
bull46shy
is in mesh with the worm which is keyed to the worm shaft The worn
shaft has both of i t s bearings in the gear case and a handwheel on one
end iThe worm wheel worm and worm shaft are inclosed in the gear case
1W gear case cover has a lug to take the leveling screw bearing pin of
the -sight
SECTION F r
Refer to Plate XXV
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The anti-friction device is designed to relieve the load of the
tipping parts from the main trunnion and ease the elevating and depressing
of the gun It donsists of tvo small trunnions bearing supports adjustshy
ing screws and Belleville springsraquo bull
The weight of the tipping partsr is supported on the small
trunnions and transmitted to the Belleville springs by the bearing supports
and seats The adjusting screvs are tightened up until the crdldle trun^ i
nions have a clearance in the s i i e frame bearings at a l l points This
makes the en t i re elevating load come on the small trunnions and reduces
the handwheel load When the Howitzer i s f i red the Bel lev i l le springs are
compressed and the f i r ing load comes on the side frame bearings
SECTION G - AMMUNITION CRANE f
Refer t o Plate XXVII
For l i s t of pa r t s with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they a r e made see page
Tvo ammunition cranes are bolted to the rear corners of tho
loading platform for use 3a hois t ing ammunition from the ground or amshy
munition t ab l e to the loading t ray bull 2 ampbullgt
For hpistang the 700-pound p ro jec t i l e the shot tongs should
be pdjined d i r e c t l y t o the open socket at the end of the wire-rope For
use with a heavier p ro j ec t i l e an extra sheave block vith a craaae hook
attached- i s provided The wire rope vith the open socket attached^ may
be passed through the blockj by removing one of the p la tes and pinning
t o the mast The shot tangs ^Should then be placed on the crane hook
These two arrangements are shown on p la te XXVII
A section through the drum gearing and f r ic t ion srafetyydevice^
i s shovai on p la te XXVII The cranks may be released with the load dji
any position^ and by v i r tue of the f r i c t i o n safety device the mechanism
wi l l not overhaul The pawl should at a l l times be lef t an mesh with the
ra tche t To insure proper functioning t h i s mechanism should be kept
well lubricated She cranks and the mechanism housed in the drum bracket
should- under no circumstances^ be dismantled in the f ield
l M CAR PROPERj
Refer to Plate XVIII
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Ihe car proper serves as a t ransport f or the travels ing par ts
of the mount outrigger f l o a t s foot p la tes and for the c ross t ies and
bu i l t up H-beams of the foundation platform Ihen lowered on the foundashy
t ion platform i t serves as an emplacement
The car proper consists of a drop frame type of bqdyj vith ends
b u i l t up of s t ruc tu ra l s t e e l p la tes and shapes vitha cast s t e e l center
mounted on tvo six-wheel railway trucks I t i s equipped with four screw
jacks which are used f i r s t t o ra i se the car suff ic ient ly t o allow ths
groundplatf orm to be placed in posit ion under i t and then t o lower uho
-18shy
car until i ts weight rests on the crossties and through them to the
built up H-beams which are spiked to the rail t i e s There are also ffi
outriggers which are set out against wooden floats sunkin pits and back-
ed by earth The outriggers serve to keep the mount stationary during
firing
The over-all dimensions of the car body ends which as stated
above are built up of structural steel shapes and plates are length
12 feet 75 inches width 8 feet 55 inches The underframe is comshy
posed of two center si l ls four intermediate s i l l s and four side siljs
connected to a base plate in the center of the car which forms the lower
level of the car body Ihese si l ls are tied together ^t each end by
channel and s i l l s and cross braced by a body bolster 5 feet 95 inches
from each end The floor plate covering the sil ls consists of four steel
platesbull A step and a hand hold or grab iron is provided at each corner
SECTION I - Trucks
Refer to Plate XXXII
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The trucks of which there are two are of built up type the
frame being made up of plates and steel castings The center portion of
the frame is a steel casting forming a bolster and is riveted to the side
pieces Separate MraquoCraquoBlaquo center plates are riveted to the top of the
bolsters- Side bearings consisting of steel plates held in position by
cast recesses are placed on 45-inch centers The vertical distance from
the side bearing surface to the center plate ie 275 inches Steel
ings are riveted to the side^plates which fern the pedestals
-19shy
Th e journals a re standard MCB amppound x 10 and 28-inch wheampls
of ro l l ed s t e e l are pressed on the a x l e s
The loading on the t rucks r s t ransmitted t o the journals by )
s emi -e l l i p t i c springs and equalizers The equalizers bear on the journal
boxes and t h e i r outer ends are supported by coi l springs held dn place by
the pedestal cast ings
Inside hung brakes are applied on four wheels of each truck
The brake beams are MCraquoB No 4 t russed type with shoes keyed to heads
The beams are hung from brackets cast on the t ruck frames Separate cast
s t e e l lugs are riveted on both sides of the bols ter for connecting the
dead lever guides on one side and the l ive lever guides on the1 other
J -VBRAKESJL
Refer to Plates XIX XX XXI XXII XXIX XXX XXXI XXXIII
For Lis t of pa r t s vith t h e i r piece narks and the materialsof
which they are rcade see page
The car i s equipped vith both hand and airbrakes operated by^the
same system of levers and so arranged tha t e i ther can be applied independshy
ently I t i s necessary to apply the handbrakes at each end separa te ly
The ai rbrakes are connected by the t r a i n l i n e pipe and operated simshy
ul taneous ly Detached brake cylinders and reservoi rs Westinghouse type
D 10 x 12 See p la tes XXIX and XXX) are provided with K-2 t r i p l e valves
(See p l a t e XXXIII)raquo There i s also a centr i fugal d i r t co l l ec to r (See p la te
XXXI) and the necessary pipes valves and connections for f re igh t car
equipment
P la tes XIX and XX show the arrangement of brake pa r t s a t e i ther
end of the mount From these pla tes i t w i l l be seen tha t the handbrakes
2317amp
-20shy
can be applied without disturbing the piston in the brake-cylindershy
the piston rod being made up of tubing in which the cylinder push rod
slides It will be further noted that the handbrake staff is connected
to a horizontal lever by means of a pull rod and chain The horizontal
lever is connected to the brake cylinder on one end andto the truck
live lever on the other end by means of rods and levers
The reservoirs are equipped with a valve operated by a rod
which can be pulled to release the air brakes quickly when desired
Ihe triple valve governs the flow of air allowing air to pass
from the train line into the reservoir and from the reservoir to the
cylinders liVhen pressure in the train line is reduced the triple valve
admits air from the reservoir into the cylinder and when pressure in the
train line is again raised the triple valve closes the passage of air
from the reservoir to the cylinder and at the same time allows the air
in the cylinder to escape into the atmosphere This automatically reshy
leases the brakes The reservoir is again recharged from the train line
to the required pressure These operations are effected by opening or
closing of ports in the triple valve by variations in the air pressure
A dirt collector located between the triple valve and the train
line collects dirt from the air before i t passes into the triple valve
The dirt thus collected may be blown out of the dirt collector by openshy
ing a valve at its bottom
_SEC_TION K - DRAFT GEAR AND FRTiNCH COUPLERS
(a) Draft Gear Refer t o p l a t e XXXVII
For l i s t of p a r t s vith t h e i r piece marks and the mater ia l of
which they are made see page bull
2317$
-21shy
The draft gear is known as the Westinghouse friction Type
The V-estinghouse friction parts are enclosed in a drum which is so applied
between cast steel draft lugs to receive the buffing and pulling shocks
The coupler is Gould Coupler Companys pattern Z-201
(b) To Couple the Car
One man-required Tools needed none Car pusher can be used if locomotive is not
available
(1) Set the handbrakes on car enough to keep-it from moving easily
when bumped
(2) Gpen the knuckle on car by lifting the handle of the uncoupling
lever This movement will f i r s t unlock the knuckle so i t can be pulled
open but continuing the movement of uncoupling lever will throw the
knuckle open without the necessity of going in front of or between the
cars When the knuckle of either car i s open i t is only necessary to
Erring the cars together until the open knuckle closes aftd i t will lcopyck
aut orcat ic al 1 y
(c) To uncouple car
(l) Raise the uncoupling lever on one car enough to release the
knuckle and the cars may be pulled apart
(d) French Coupler - Refer to Plates XXXV and XXXVI
For l i s t of parts wiflitheir piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page bull
The bumper blOGks are of white oak each secured to the end s i l l
channels by six 1-inch diameter and two 15-inch diameter bolts To
these blocks the buffers safety chains and parts of the draft hooks are
fastened as shovai on Plate XXXV
The screw couplers safety chains and buffers conform to the
standard now adopted for US Government freight cars in France With
t h i s arrangement and when the car i s connected to the ammunition car
or some other car the couplers draw them together producing compression
in the buffer spr ings
At each end of the car there are two different types of buffers
one with a f l a t buffing surface and the other with a curved surface
Similar buffers are located diagonally opposite on the car in order that
when the cars are coupled together the f l a t buffer of one car will butt
against the curved buffer of the next car This i s done to prevent
damage to buffers when t ra in is rounding a curve
The buffrer housing which contains the compression spring and
ac ts as a guide for the buffer i s bolted to the bumper block by four
bol ts bull A buffer p la te however i s placed between the buffer housing and
the bumper block to give a bet ter bearing surface The large end of the
spring referred to above res ts against a c i rcular p la te and the small end
against the buffer In order to prevent the spring from pushing these
tvo apart a 1875-inch diameter pin is provided which has a head at one
end amdl a t the other end a key projecting through the pin and a collarlaquo
The above mentioned c i rcular p la te se ts up into the buffer housing fqr
enough to allow clearance between the bumper block and the buffer plate
for the col lar and key but i t is prevented from being pushed back by a
cast s t ee l ring bolted to the buffer p l a t e
The draft hook projects through the bumper block end s i l l and
cast s t ee l draft spring stop to a cast s t ee l block which is held to i t by
a nut and s p l i t pin This l a t t e r block i s guided by lugs on the center
23175
sampll and takes the thrust of the compression spring which is seated
at i t s large end on tho draft spring stop rivetedto the center s i l l
of car The draft hook is also guided by another cast steel block restshy
ing against the1draft hook plate and bolted to a bumper block The
shoulders of the draft hook butt up- against this block when released
thus stopping i ts inward motion
The screw coupling is fastened by a pin vith cotter to a
hole in the draw hook It consists of the yoke attached to the draw
hook a clevis for hooking to the next car and a right and left hand
screw to draw the yokes and clevis togetherbull Attached to the middle
of the screw is an arm with a ball at the end which is used as a handle
to operate the screw The right hand threads on one side of this handle
screws through a pin holding the y6kes together The left hand threads
on the other side of the handle screw through a similar pin connected to
the clevis These pins are held in place by cotter pins A screv couplshy
ing is provided at each end of the car but when the train is made -up
only one coupling is used at each connection Mien not in use the loose
end of the coupling is swung on a hook attached to the draft hook plate
under the bumper blocks
Safety chains one on either side ox the draft hook serve as a
coupling in case the screw coupling or draw hooks are out of order These
consist each of a chain and hook fastened to car by an eye bolt The eye
bolt passes through the bumper block and end s i l l and are held in place
by nuts with a split pin To allow a l i t t l e give to the chain four spring
washers are inserted between the end s i l l channel and the nutraquo A cast
steel guide bolted to the bumper block acts as a stop and guide for the
23176
eye bolts and chain
(e) To Couple Cars Refer to Plate XXXVIlaquo
One man required Tools needed^ none
Car pusher can be us 3d if- locomotive is not available
(1) Set hand brako on stationary car (not completely but enough
so that car will move only slightlyif bumped) and bring the cars as
clc-Sff together as buffers will allow
(2) Stampndlig LeUveen cars inside of buffers l i f t one of the screw
couplings from the hook under bumper block and hook staple on draft hook
of other car (if the staple does not reach the hook the coupling will
have to be lengthened by turning the screw with handle)
(3) Tighten screw until there is just enough compression in the
draft hook and buffer springs to make cars ride easily The screw can
be turned easily by raising the ball attached to end of handle in the
proper direction until i t will fal l by i t s own weight thus completing
one turn By repeating above operations the required amount of turns
can be made
(4) Hook the safety chains of one car to the chains of the other
car (5) Connect a ir hose and open angle cock
(6) Release handbrake
(f) To Uncouple Cars
Reverse the process of coupling described above taking care
that the screw coupling is screwed a l l the way out before the staple is
hung on the hook
2317$
^ JL- JACKS
Refer to Platcopy XXV
(a) For l i s t 03 par ts vith t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Four bu i l t in jack screws are located in the corners of the
base p la te d i rec t ly above the r a i l s of a standard gauge t rack
Each jack consists of a ram screw nut r screw gear pinion
pinion stud ratchet pawl ratchet housing and lever
The rain carr ies a nut into which the screw works On the upper
end of the screw i s a screw gear meshing with a pinion on the pinion s tud
A ratchet meshing vith the pinion is turned by a ratchet pawl attached to
the ratchet housing which in turn i s bull operated by a long hand lever
There are two jack blocks 9 inches wide 8 inches high and 5
feet 6 inches long provided vith each ca r These blocks placed across
the r a i l s act as bearings for the jacksraquo In order to raise the car the
jack blocks are placed across the r a i l s so-that the two jackscrews at
each end wil l rest upon them
Four 20-inch 25-ton auxi l iary jacks having a t o t a l r i s e of 9
inches are carried on each railway car and weight-approximately 95 pounds
ea[ch They can be used for emergency purposes or in case the regular
jacks are out of ordershy
(b) To ra ise mount with screw jacks refer to plate XXV
Two men required on each set of jacks (four if both ends of car are to be raised)
Tools needed 4 Jack levers bull
2317 6
(1) Place jack blocks across rails under jacksf The faces
of the block with the bearing surfaces should be next to the rail and
jack screws
(2) Turn jack lever until ends of jack screw bear on the jack
blocking Be sure the jack blocking is correctly placed so as to give
good bearing- 011 rails and continue turning levers until car is high
enough to permit the foundation stringer to be placed under the base
plate then put isu the foundation cross beams
(c) To Lower Car Refer to plate XXV
Reverse procedure as outlined in (b) above
(d) To Raise mount with auxiliary jacks Refer to plate XXV
Two men required Tools needed
4 Auxiliary Jacks
4 Wood blocks about 4 x 4 x 4
(l) Arrange blocking directly under seats of t i e rod bracket
castings The top of this blocking should be about 9 inches below the top
of the rai l in order to get the jacks under the mount
(2) Place auxiliary jacks on these blocks arrange pawl so that
jack will raise when handle is lowered insert handle in socket and raise
by pumping until jack engages with lower surface of base plate Operate
jacks until mount is raised sufficient to place foundation
(3) Remove jacks after foundation is placed
jBCTION M - F0I3N DATION
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXIV
The foundation i s intended to take the load off the car
trucks and t ransfe r i t d i rec t ly to the ground through r a i l t i e s 23176
- 2 7 shy
I t i s nade up of four cross beams which support the side
intermediate and center s i l l s of the car and which in turn transmit the
to t-70 l inos of H-b earns placed para l le l to and outside of the r a i l s
on each side of the track Each l ine of beams is composed of two separate
channel irons bolted to each other and Spiked with screw spikes to the
r a i l t i e s in order to prevent movement
The material for the foundation platform is stored on car in
f rent of ammunition t r a y On the car the H-beams are placed at r ight angles
to the t r ack In tack of the beams the cross t ies are placed These beans
and cross t ies are blocked in front by the outrigger brackets in back by
the loading t rays and on the sides by the outriggers On top of the cross-
t i e s the jack blocks are placed These are held in place by fastening the
rope attached to them to the loading tray legs
(b) To place for f i r i n g - Refer to Pla te XXIV
men needed-
Tools required
3 - 2 x 4 timbers about 3 long for parrying H-b earns
1 - Wrench double 0625 and 0laquo75 U43F
The t rack at the location where the gun is to be placed should be
previously prepared The r a i l s should be leveled up and the ba l las t tamped
well under the t i e s
(1) Remove foundation jack block from car platform and place across
the r a i l s with center l ines d i rec t ly under the screw jacks
(2) Raise the car by means of the screw jacks (See Sect L Division
b
2317 6
-28shy
(3) Remove foundqtion stringers from car platform two to be
placed on either side of the track
(4) Place the stringers under the flange of the base plate as
near the rai l as possible and parallel to the track with the ends of the
stringers on either side of the track approximately opposite each other
(5) Connect the stringers at the center by four 75 x 1375
bolts bull
(6) Remove the cross beans from the car platform
(7) Flace the cross beams under the side sillsr of the car restshy
ing on the foundation stringere
(8) Lower the car by means of the screw jacks until the center
portion of the base plaite rests on the foundation stringers and the ends
of the side intermediate and center s i l ls rest on the cross beams
(9) Screw up jacks until they clear blocking by at least one half
inch before firing
(c) To Disassemble foundation and load for carrying
8 men required Tools neededs
1 wrench double raquo625 and 75 U43F 2 Track wrenches 4712C 1 Crowbar 1243A
To disassemble reverse procedure outlined in (b) above
To load the material on car platforms for carrying proceed as follows
(1) Place crossties on car platform against ammunition tablet
The ends of the crossties should be perpendicular to the tracks
(2) Place H~beams with webs vertical next to crossties
(3) Place jack blocks on crossties and lash to legs of ammunition
table 23170
SECTION N - OUTRIGGERS
( a ) Description Refer to Plate XXIIIbull
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the mat copyrial of
which they are made see page
There are eight outriggers furnished with e^ch mount which
form braces to prevent the mount from tipping over or from sl iding on
the foundation -platform when the gun isrbeing f i r ed
The four end outriggers which are fastened both when and
when not in use to a socket on the side of the car should be used ^ien
the gun i s f ired vith in the sector 45 degrees to the r ight or to the
l e f t of the longitudinal center l ine of the car They are each rnade up
of 6-inch hot drawn Shelby s tee l tubing vith an adjusting scifcew on one
end and an eye and pin on the other The adjusting screw has a ba l l on
the end and can be screved in or out of the nut s t ru t end with a s tee l
rod which f i t s into holes provided next t o the b a l l The fixed end of
the outrigger res ts in asocket casting on the car side and the ball of
the adjusting screwscrests in the foot p la te used to d i s t r ibu te the load
over the wooden f l o a t From the nut s t ru t end to a bracket on the car
d i rec t ly below the outrigger bracket is a t i e rod As the center l ine of
the outrigger s t ru t does not pass through the trunnions of the gun there
i s an overturning tendency when the gun is f i red normal to track The
purpose of the t i e rod i s to counteract t h i s tendency
The four side outriggers which are also fastened to a socket
on the side of the car should be used when the gun is f i red within the
sec tor 45 degrees to the r ight or l e f t of a cross center l ine of the ca r
23176
They ar4 the same in every respect as the end outriggers
The footplates are of cast steel and are used to transmit the
thrust from the struts to the f loats Their lower surfaces are smooth
and the upper parts have sockets to receive the ball ends of the struts
Each float is built up of two layers of Mocking so as to disshy
tribute the ioad from the strut over 20 square feet of ground surface
The lower layer is composed of fine white oak blocks and the upper layer
of three blocks a l l bolted togetlis3raquo There are two angle guides bolted
to the upper surface of the floats for guiding the foot plates
Mien not in use the floats and footplates are placed on the
car platform The floats are piled in an inclined position against the
ammunition trough in the rear of the car The footplates are piled on
the front platform of the car qgnd lean against the ammunition table
The float lashingi for holding the floats in position (See
Plate XXVl) while in transit is composed of five wire ropes fastened toshy
gether by steel rings and turnbuckles When the floats are loaded in
traveling position two of the wire ropes held together by a turnbuckle
are passed around the lower part of the floats and secured to the amshy
munition table by steel rings At the upper part of the float two more
wire ropes are passed around also held together by turnbuckles and seshy
cured to the ananunition table by steel rings The upper lashing is held
in place by the angles on the sides and by another wire rope in the rear
fastened to the platform Turning the turnbuckles tightens the ropes and
holds the floats in place
The footplate lashing for holding the foot plates in position
vhile in transit is composed Of one wire rope with a hook on one end and
23176
- 3 1 shy
a tumbuckle on the other Illhen the pla tes are loaded in traveling posishy
t ion the rope i s fastened to the lower angle of the ammunition tab le and
run diagonally along the foot p la tes from the bottom rear to tfre top front
Ihey are prevented from sl iding forward by an-angle at the f ron t Turning
the turnbuckle t ightens the rope and holds the pla tes in p lace
The s t ru t s and end t i e rods are fixed permanently to the sockets
on the mount and vdien not in use are swung around and hung on the side of
the mount bull The center t i e rods are taken off and placed on top of the
loading platform in back of the front ammunition t a b l e
(b) To Place an End Outrigger for F i r ing
Six men required
Tools needed 2 - 2raquo x 6 inch boards 8 f t long 1 - s l ing of rope about 30 f t long 2 - Shovels 8819A 2 - Picks U51A 1 - Long handled shovel 1 - Axe U51D 1 - 0875 diameter x 24 rod to turn s t r u t adjusting screwshy1 - Crowbar 1243A 1 - Hammer U48F 1 - 2 x 4 timber about 5 long f^rtftatepiftg earth 1 - Rule 1 - Tape measure 4 - Stakes
1 - 1 x 2 board exactly 90 inches long
(1) Move t i e if necessary and lay off oblong on ground 60 x 35
so that one corner of the long side is 56 from center of mount and 28
from center l i ne of trucks and the other corner will be 108 from center
l i ne of mount and 68 from center l ine of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pplusmnb u n t i l sides meet at a depth of 90 from top
of car platform
23176
(3) Loosen up turn bustle of footplate lashing^ and remove a l l foot
plates from platform and place them on ground in a convenient place
(-) Uohooi float lashing and throw to one side away from f loats
Fasten sling around upper f loat Slide i t dovn skids to ground and place
i t in p i t with i t s under surface resting on rear or sloping part of pi t
and with angles s t i l l horizontal
(5) Place a foot plate vdth i t s under surface bearing in the center
and between angles on the f loa t
(D) Lift outrigger strut out of carrying bracket and swing i t arround
on the socket casting and turn adjusting screw up in the strut so as to
isike i t as short as possible If i t is difficult to turn the adjusting
screw the 875 inch diameter rod should be used which f i t s in the holes
next to the ball-end Swing end of outrigger around until the ball is
right over socket of foot plate and turn adjusting screw out until the ball
bears against socket and causes compression in the strut
(7) Remove t i e roduf rom car and fasten to strutbull Turn the tumshy
buckle until rod is t igh t
(8) Pile earth against the part of under surface of float which
projects above the ground level tamping well to give a good bearing for
the whole under surface of float
(c) To Place a side Outrigger for Firing Refer to Plate XXIII
Six men required
Tools needed Same as for (b) above
( l ) Lay off oblong on ground 60 x 55^ so that one oorner of the
long side is IQOfl from center line of mount and 128 back from center line
23176
- 3 3 shy
of trucks and the other end Ls 155 from center line of mount and 128
back from center line of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pit until sides meet in the center of the pit at
a distance of 90 from the top of car platform
(3) Place floats and foot plates in the same manner as for end outshy
riggers
(4) Swing outrigger from mount and turn adjusting screw out until
the ball end bears against sOcket and causes compression in the strut
(5) Remove center t ie rods from car platform and connect to t ie rod
studs ^lowing rod to drop down to lugs on lower part of outrigger beam
and adjust turnbuckle until pin can be inserted in the holes in lugs
(6) Pile earth agpoundpoundnst part of under surface of float which projects
above the ground levellaquo tamping well to give a good bearing for the vhole
surface of floatbull
(7) Remove remaining floats if there are any from end car platshy
form and place them in a convenient place out of the my
(d) Tos Adjust Screw on Outriggers Refer to Plate XXIII
Qne man required
Tools needed
bull875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B
After the gun has been fired i t may be |ound that the outriggers
have packed the earth under the float and that the struts do not bear
firmly against the foot plates After every firing the adjusting screws
should be turned out if necessary in ordefr to make firm bearing As
stated above the adjusting screw should be turned out by means of the
bull875-inch rods which f i t in holes next to the ball end of the strut
23176
bull - 3 4 shy
(amp) To Adjust Floats Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed bull875 diameter by 24-inch rod 106B 1 Crowbar 1243A
If the movement of earth under the floats continues as the
firing goes on until the adjusting screws have reached their outward limit
earth or blocking will have to be placed under the float to give a new
bearing surfacelaquo To do this proceed as follows
(1) Turn adjusting screw up in the struts as irar as i t will go
(2) With crowLars move the foot plates and floats up tovyard the
car keeping their inclination the same as before
(3) Hold the floats in this position by means of wedges and f i l l in
the back of floats with earth or blocks until the whole under surface of
the floats have a firm bearing
(4) Turn adjusting screw out again to give compression in the strut
I t may be necessary also to adjust the length of t ie rod on side outriggers
which can be done by turning turn buckle
(f ) To Place Had Outrigger strut for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed
0875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B Hammer U48F
(1) Remove pin with spli t pin holding end t i e rod to outrigger
strut swing t i e rod around and hang i t on bracket on side of the mount
(2) Turn adjusting screv up on the strut as far as i t vail go
Swing free end of strut around and hanamp i t on bracket on side of mount
23176
- 3 5 shy
(g) To Place Sidcopy Outrigger for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII-
Four men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F -875-inch by 24-inoh rod 106B
(1) Remove pin connecting side t i e rod to outrigger s t r u t remove
t i e rod from bracket and place on car platform (see Plate XXIII)bull
(2) Turn adjusting screw of s t r u t up as far as i t wi l l go- thus
allowing s t ru t to swing free of foot p l a t e shy
(3) Lift free end of s t ru t and swing around on to top of base
p la t e inside of outrigger support
(h) To Place Floats and Foot p la tes for carrying - Refer to
Plate XXVI
Six men required
Tools needed 1 sl ing of 1-inch rope about 30 f t long 1 wrench double 0625 and 0raquo75 U43F 1 pinch bar i crowbar 1243A
(1) Lay foot p la tes to one side raise f i r s t f loa t with crowbar
and then s l ide f loat up skids on to rear platform of car Place f loat
vith long side against ammunition trough and angle side out angles benjig
v e r t i c a l (See Plate XXVI)
(2) Place second i l o a t as abovevwith the under surface of same
res t ing against the angles of the f i r s t f loa t bull
(3) Continue loading f loa t s as in (2) un t i l the l a s t one has been
placed on the mount
(4) Last f loa t s together as described in (a)raquo
23176
-36shy
(5) Place foot p la te on le f t front of car in inclined position
res t ing against ammunition table
(6) Continue loading remaining foot p la tes ampa in (5) un t i l the
l a s t one has been placed on the mount
(7) Laah foot p la tes together as described in ( a )
SECTION 0- - AMMUNITION HANDLING
Refer to Plates XV and XXVII
A t r i p l e x block lowers the ammunition from the ammunition car in
the rear of the mount to the ammunition trough bolted to the platform of
the Howitzer c a r The upper surface of the t ray is bu i l t on an incl ine
do that the ammunition can be s l i d on to a t a b l e This table wil l hold
seven p r o j e c t i l e s The crane (See Sect G ) ho is t s the ammunition from
the table to the loading t ray on the traversing part of the mount ampa inshy
cl ine trough extends from th i s t ray to tike breech of the Howitzer- Two
men then push the pro jec t i l e down the inclined surface into the breech of
the howitzer
ggCTION PVr MUZZLE SUPPORT
(a) Description Refer to Plates I and II
For l i s t of par ts with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The gun when traveling i s held firmly to the mount by a muzzle
support and band The muzzle of the gun res t s on the muzzle support which
in tum is supported by the ammunition trough A wire rope i s passed over
the muzzle and to the ammunition trough by a band latch and hinge On
one end of the vire rope a stud i s fastened in an open socket This stud
f i t s in a hole in the band latch and has a nut on i t By tightening th is
23176
laquo-37shy
nut the rope holds the muzzle- of the gun on the muzzle block
(b) To Place Muzzle Support
One man required
Tools needed 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s 1 - wrench double 0375 and 1 U4-3G
( l ) Depress gun to 0 degrees elevation and traverse to 0 degrees
azimuth having muzzle support block in place
(3) Place gun band over muzzle of gun and fasten to band hinge on
One side and band labrh stud on other side
(3) Screw up nut on band latch stud un t i l band is t igh t on muzzle
of gun
SECTION Q_raquo_ - CHESTS
One tool chest and two armament chests are carried with each mount-
They are made of 062-inch s tee l reinforced by angles on the outsidebull The
p la tes are flanged a t the corners to connect to adjacent p l a t e s Two f l a t
s t raps riveted to the bottom by countersunk r ivets serve to protect the
bottom of the chest
The covers are hinged t o the back of the chests and have catches
On e i ther side to hold them open The coders are locked by a lock bolt
a t each side and by Yale lock in the middle The chests are equipped with
handles on each end
The tool chest i s 4C-inches long 20-inches wide and 24-inches
h igh I t is equipped vith one t ray which res ts on shelf angles This chest
i s carried on the r ight end platform of the mount alongside of the loading
trough when t r a v e l i n g Lug angles bolted to the floor p la tes prevent i t
from shift ing
23175
The armament chests are 4G~inches long 20-inches wide and 12shy
inches high They are equipped with two trays placed on top of each
bdquobull -rltA supported on tne chest bottom
bullWhen the mcunt is traveling these chests are placed on the front
of the car platform just in back of the ammunition t a b l e They are held
in t h i s position with angles which are bolted to the floor p l a t e s
The chests should be removed from mount when in f i r ing position
and placed in some convenient p lace
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXXIV
The mount may be camouflaged using the five color system
following the foliage design vith color key in black and white shown on
Pla te XXXIV
The object of th i s method of painting is to break up the lamprge
surfaces into a number of small sections so as to produce the appearance
of a c lus ter of shrubbery vith patches of l ight and shadow
To completely camouflage the mount i t should be covered with a
semi-transparent camou1 lagcopy canopy of ten t form similar to that used for
tljre 12-in oh Gun Railway Carriage shown on drawings Class 85 Division 22
Drawings 1 2 and 3raquo
(b) Pa)ntslaquo
The pa in ts to be used are the Q Government Camouflage Paints
prepared for the five color sjrstem and in the proportion as follows
applied over a coat of Ordnance Grey and never on bare metal
123455
Brown Yellow Cream Green Mauve Black
No 4041 4C42
4043 4044 4046 4045
-10 3 5 10 2 1
par ts
bullbull deg 23176
- 39shy
Th e paiat numbers referred to above are the US Government
Paijit numbers The parts referred to indicate the relative amounts of
paints of the different colors which will be required to camouflage one
12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount
Each color for convenience should be furnished for use in one
gallon friction top cans with handle Paints should be furnished in the
cans mixed ready for use Mien paint becomes too thick and i t is necessary
to thin use ^linseed oil and turpentine for that purpose being careful
not to use too much turpentine
(c) To Apply the Paint
To apply the paint the surface should be free of all sand
cinders dirt and oil Paint formerly applied and adhering firmly to the
surface need not be removed The section to which the different colors
are to be applied are then laid off in accordance with the design shown
on Plate
After the mount has been properly marked off into the different
sections the colors should be carefully applied care being taken to inshy
sure an even smooth coatf After the different colors have been applied
the lines where the colors meet should be covered with a black band about
one and one quarter inches wide Rrecautions should be taken to see that
the paint is dry and hard before permitting anything to come in contact
with the painted surface
(d) To Remove Paint
The paint may be removed by turpentine or by the use of a paint
torch if care is taken in the use of the flame
pound3 L7
-40shy
MAINTMANCE OFJEHE
SECTION A - Care of Recoil Mechanism
(a) The recoil cylinder should be emptied and refilled once every
three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months or ofterier if
conditions require i t
The liquid inithe recoil cylinder is a solution of esectual parts
glycerine and water- The density of the liquid should be 115 and should
have a neutral or alkaline reaction oaused by adding caustic soda or
caustic potash chemically pure A hydrometer which is kept in the arshy
mament chest whennot in use is furnished to test the solution for densityraquo
This liquid should be filtered through a clean piece of muslin or linen
before using Ihe glycerine should be kept in closed cans provided for
the purpose and be carefully protected from dirt sand and g r i t Liquid
drawn from cylinders and containing sediment must not be used again until
i t has been allowed to set t le for not less than 24 hours
(b) To dismount recoil mechanism Refer to Plate VII
The dismounting of the recoil mechanism should never be undertaken
in the f ield
Four men required one cylinder at a time
Tools neededWrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Buckets Can Screw drivershy U45W gt Wrench single 425 nuts U596D Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower
lt
U596A Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C Wrench recoil cylinders U596B
(1) Elevate the Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plug and drain
liquid from cylinder into buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders
(2) Remove looking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
iod nuts rear
(3) Remove air from recuperator by unscrewing emptying valve on
rear end of recuperator cylinder
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug on the recoil band clears
the end of piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nut front
(5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rod remove follower
gland and packing and screw follower and stuffing box back into the
cylinder
(6) Remove cylinder head weight 174 pounds
(7) Draw piston rod vith piston out through cylinder head end of
cylinder The weight of piston rod vith piston is approximately 392 pounds
care should therefore be used in handling itraquo
(8) Unscrew recoil cylinder and slide cylinder out The cylinder
weighs 628 pounds
(9) Stuffing box follower and leather vasher rray be removed Lockshy
ing screw need not be removed
(c) To Assemble Recoil Mechanism Refer to Plate VII bull
The assembling of the recoil mechanism should never be under
taken in the field
Four men required
Tools needed Wrench recoil cirlinders U596B Screw driver U45S Wrench recoil cylinders U595B Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
- 4 2 shy
Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U595D Screw driver U45W Wrench double 0625 and075 U43F Hand mallet U47AN bull Brass rod 0312 (516) diameter by 12 inches Glycerine and water solution (either new or used) Hydrometer (if solution is new) Filling funnel Can
6 rings of 0375 inch Garlock packing
(1) Insert recoil cylinder in cradle and push i t through until
threads on cylinder come in contact with threads on cradle- Turn cylinder bull
with wrench on flats at stuffing box end until cylinder flange bears fineshy
ly on cradle andnotch in flange at stuffing box end lines up with hole
in cylinder for locking screw
(2) Screw locking screw in cradle
(3) Insert piston rod in cylinder and place leather washer stuffing
box washer stuffing box with gland and follower in place and piston
rod nut (front) on rod when it is pushed through stuffing box end of tcyshy
linder Screw stuffing box in place and ppoundsh piston rod to rear through
recoil band advancing piston rod nut until the distance from the end of
the threaded end of rod to the rear end of cylinder equals 24375- - 001
inches 1
(4) Look the front and rear piston rod nuts
(5) Pack the stuffing box as per instructions erection A division e
(6) With leather washer and recoil cyiinderhead bushing in place
screw on cylinder head v
(7) Fill cylinder vith the glycerine and water solution using f i l l shy
ing funnel prescribed as per instructions section A division d
(d) To Fil l ret oil cylinders Refer to Plate VII
- 4 3 shy
Two men required
Tools needed Wrenchj double 0raquo625 and 075 U43F Pilling Funnel Glycerine and water solution (either new or used)
Hydrometer (if solution is new)
(1) Set Howitzer at 0 degree with recoil band against stops on
cradle and remove filling plugs
(2) In3ert fi l l ing funnel ampnd f i l l to overflowing with solution
of glycerine and water Allow escape of air ref i l l remove funnel and
screw filling plugs tight
(e) To Pack Stuffing Box- Refer to Plate VII
One man required
Tools needed Spanner wrench stuffing box follower- U596A Hand mallet U47AN 60 rings of 0375-inch Garlock packing Screw driver U45W Wrench single 425 nuts U50D Wrench box U423D Brass rod 0312 (5l6) diameter by 12 inches Can
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs and drain
liquid from cylinders to buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders Elevate
Howitzer to 0 degree elevation
(2) Allow air to escape from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing
exhaust stem in valve rear end of cylindershy
(3) Remove locking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug 033 the recoil band clears
the end of the piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nuts
front
-44shy
5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rodj remove follower
guand and packing screw stuffing box back into cylinder and discard
any of the packing that is unfit for use If any is used to repack i t
should be put in after new
(6) To repack put on the piston rod one ring of the packing and shy
force i t well to the bottom of the stuffing box by brass rod and malletlaquo
Treat each ring of packing in the same manner beingcareful to break
joints until three rings of new packing or an equal amount of new and
old packing have been inserted Enter the gland and follower in the box
and soreyen up t ight
(7) Screw piston rod nuts (front) on rods slide Howitzer forward
put piston rod nuts (rear) on and add locking screws
(8) Fill recoil cylinder as prescribed in section A division (d)
(9) Fill recuperator cylinder with air as prescribed in-section B
division (d)
The addition of the leather vasher around the piston rod in front
of the stuffing box allows less force to tighten the follower than if it
were the plain packing
The follower should be tightened up from time to time If i t is
screwed into the stuffing box too tightly an unnecessary amount of fricshy
tion will be produced On the rod Hi en the follower is screwed 4n until
the flange strikes the box i t should be repacked
(f) To Clean Recoil Cylinders
This operation should not b3 undertaken in the field
Three men required Tools needed
Wrench double 0525 and 075 U43F Buckets Can bull
Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower U596A Screv driver U45W Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U596D Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
Plumbers hand force pump with hose
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs drain liquid
into buckets^ and elevate Howitzer to 0 degree
(2) Remove locking screws frrom piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(3) Release followers a few turns remove cylinder heads weight
174 pounds each apd draw out piston rods as prescribed in section A
division (b)
(4) Thoroughly clean cylinders vith kerosene oil forced into both
ends with pump and wipe the interiors dry with clean waste Clean the
piston rod and cylinder heads
(5) Replace piston rod cylinder heads and tighten follower Screw
nuts in place on piston rod and lock
SECTION B - Care of Recuperator
(a) In general Refer to plate VIII bull
The recuperator cylinder and plunger should be emptied and reshy
fil led onpe every three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months
or of tenor if conditions require itlaquo
The liquid in the plunger is the same as that in the recoil
cylinder (See section A division (a) second paragraph)
The in i t ia l pressure of the air$ with Howitzer in lottery should
be 1550 pounds per square inch and of the liquid 1700 pound per equate
inch The pressures are indicated by the pressure gauges on the su^poi-
2 b _ bullbullbull
- 4 6 shy
vith the pump If the pressure of the air is not sufficient to reshy
turn the howitzer to tattdry at maximum elevation 60 degrees and if the
plunger is not full of liquid pump glycerine solution into plunger until
either normal pressure or a full plunger is obtained provided that the
variation from 1550 pounds per square inch is small
If this variation islarge connect the compressed air tank and
raise the pressure in the air chamber The amount of space between the
rear face-of tige washer on the front end of the piston rod and the front
face of the stuffing bampx gland indicates the amount the pistonjhas moved
toward the plunger caused by leakage of the liquid When this distance
equals approximately 5875 inches the piston is resting against the plunger
the plunger must be refilled with liquid before this condition exists or
serious darcage will be done There should always be a space between the
rear face of the washer and the front face of the gland even vhen plunger
is full of liquid Because if the washer is against the gland there is
nothing to indicate that the liquid pressure is balanced by the air pressure
and any excess liquid pressure may damage the piston rod
The pull rod bearings in cradle should always be well lubfcicsated
(b) To Dismount Recuperator Refer to Plate VIIIbull
This operation should never be done in the field unless i t becomes
absolutely necessary The Howitzer must not be elevated while the re-
cup erfi t or is dismounted
Five men required
Tools needed Wrench box U423D Spanner wrench U423E Wrench double 125 and 15 U--33A Screw driver U45AN
- 4 7 shy
Cocket wrench U422G Handle U422H Socket wrenchU422D
bullWrench double 0875 and 1 UltL-3G Wrench U423A Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Screw driver U45AE Socket wrenehi U422C
(1) With the Howitzer at 0 degrees open upper stem on l iquid
valve un t i l l iquid begins to escape then c lose
(2) Depress the Howitzer t o -5 degrees and secure by means of the
muzzle support
(3) Empty a i r from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing both steins
in a i r valve at rear end of cylinder I t i s very important t h a t - a l l the a i r
be allowed to escape before removing any p a r t s
(4) Slack off the front nuts on the large stuffing box at front end
r l recuperator cylinder in order to take the pressure off of the plunger
caused by the pqcking
(5) Push plunger and piston t o the rear with i t s yoke unt i l pul l
rod bushings are uncovered holding pul l rods in the i r original pos i t ion
-(6) Block up under plunger at a point just behind the yoke to
support plunger
(7) Remove lock screw in each yoke bushingbull
(8) Unscrew yoke bushingsbull
(9) Remove pull-rod bracket
(10) Push pul l rods to r ea r
(11) Remove yoke bushings
(12) Pull out the plunger piston rod and yoke which weigh about
500 pounds care being taken t o have these par ts centered at a l l times an
to protect the outer surface of plunger 2 j l lt bull
- 4 8 shy
(13) Remove piston-rod nut washer gland and stuffing box
rivaLl with packing and plunger l ea the r
(14) Draw out piston
(15) Disconnect a i r and liquid piping and remove l iquid valve
(16) Remove plunger protection ring f e l t rusher gland stuffing
box large with packing and plunger leather packing
bullbull(17) Remove set screw in cylinder clamp lock unscrew cylinder
clarnp lock and s l ide cylinder out to rear weight about 895 pounds bullbull
(c) To Assemble Recuperator Refer to Plate VI I I
This operation should never be undertaken in the f ie ld unless i t
becomes absolutely necessary
Five men required-
Tools needed
3 rings flax packing 30D Piston washer leather 30B Spanner wrench U423G Socket wrench U422C Socket wrench U422D Screw driver U45AN Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Wrench- U423A Wrench double 087 5 and 1 U43G Socket wrench U422G Handle U422H Screw driver U45AE Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench U423D 10Ting flax packing 27N and 28M 2 leather packing 27H and 28K I ras3 rod 0437 (716) diameter by 12 inches F i l l ing funnel Can 2 tanks of compressed air
-49shy
I (I) Slide cylinder into housing in cradle screw cylinder clamp
lock on front end of cylinder and lock vith set screw Cylinder weights
1040 pounds
() Place stuffing box gland leather packing and felt washer
on plunger and slide to front
(3) Assemble packing gland and washer to piston and place piston
rod in place in plunger
(4) Push piston and plunger into cylinderlaquo
(5) Pack stuffing box large and put nuts on studamp care being
taken to tighten up nuts alternately so packing bears properly (See
division (amp)bull)
(6) Push plunger to the rear screw yoke bushings on pull iods
and slide pull rods in place
(7) Put leather packing and stuffing box small in plunger and
put nuts on studs
(8) Pack stuffing box sir^H place gland in place and screvnuts
on studs care being taken to tighten up nutsalternately so packing
bears uniformly (see division (e)raquo)
(9) Place washer on end of pistorj- rod and screw nut against shoulder
lOJ Bolt liquid valve to cylinder and connect up air and liquid
piping
(II) Fill the plunger vith liquid connect up the air tank and
f i l l the cylinder vith a i r
(d) To f i l l recuperator cylinder Refer to Plate VIII
Five men required
Tools needed
-5Oshy
Box wrench U423A Wrench U423D Can Glycerine and water solution
Two tanks of compressed a i r
(1) Fill plunger with glycerine and water solution by means of
the pump and at the same time letting compressed air into the air chamshy
ber being careful to keep the liquid and air pressures balanced as inshy
dicated by projection of piston rod forward from stuffing box
When plunger is full there should be only a small space be-v
tween front face of stuffing box gland and rear face of washer at front
end of piston rod Never allow these twoitcopy come together
(2) To f i l l the air chamber -the following has to be done- Connect
upoundgt the air tank with the air pipe connection by the copper tubing open
the valve on the tank then open the valve on the air cylinder Two tanks
are usually sufficient to run the air pressure in recuperator cylinder up
to 1700 pounds per square inch others or parts of others may be used if
necessary
(e) To pack stuffing boxes Refer to plate VIIIbull
One ring of packing is placed in stuffing box and forced well
to bottom with braks rod and mallet Treat each ring of packing in the
same manner being careful to break joints until the five rings have been
inserted Nuts on studs should be screwed tight against glandsraquo 1
TOien repacking these stuffing boxes recuperators must be dis-
mounted (see section B division (b) ) sufficiently to get the packing
out -Any of the old packing that is unfit for use should be discarded-
If any of the old is used to repack i t should be put in after the new
The addition of the leather washers around the piston r^d ampi
plunger in the rear of the stuffing boxes allows less fcrcc to tghJ-en
-51shy
the glands than if i t were the plain packing
The nuts around the glands should be tightened from time to time
If the glands are pressed too tightly into the stuffing boxes an unshy
necessary amount of friction will be produced on the plunger and rod When
the glands are pushed in until they strike the stuffing boxes they should
be repacked
(f) To clean recuperator cylinder and plunger Refer to Plate
See Section B division (b)
This should never be undertaken in the field except in case
of absolutenecessity V i x
Dismount the recuperator thoroughly clean the cylinder
and plunger with kerosene o i l forced into them with plunger s force pump
Wipe the^ in te r io rs dry with clean cotton waste Clean the piston and
pis ton rod
SECTION C - CARE OFELEVATING MECHANISM
(a) To Dismoipit the elevating mechanism Refer to p la tes XI and
XII
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0875 and 1 U4-3G Wrench double 125 and 15 U13BA Wrench double 2 and 225 IK-3ATC Wrench pinion shaft and nut 35 U82H SJcrew driver U45AN Screv driver U45AE Machinist s hammer U48F
Pin punch U47AF Blocks of wood
(1) Take hand wheel off and remove brake band
(2) Remove pinion shaft gear from elevating pinion shafts and
bull lt bullbull bull
- 5 2 shy
rmove elevating pinion shaf t
(3) Take off intermediate pinion shaft nut and washer and remove
intermediate pinion shaft) care being taken to see that intermediate gear
13 blocked up
(4) Remove elevating gear p la te with bearings fastened to i t
(5) Remove intermediate gear
(6) Take off handwheel sha f t
(7) Remove rack
(b) To assemble elevating iaechanism
Reverse the operations as outlined in above for dismounting bull
SECTION D - CARE Off TRAVERSING MECHANISM
(a) To dismount t ravers ing mechanism Refer to Plate XIIIbull
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrenoh double 1raquo25 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C Hammer machinists U48FshyPunch pin U47AF
Wrencty double 2 and 225U43AW
(1) Screw out side leveling screw remove sight with sight bracket
from cradle t runnions
(2) Take off gear case cover
(3) Remove pin and co l la r from end of worm shaft and draw i t out
(4) Knock out pins in lower part of ve r t i c a l trqversing shaft
and take off t ravers ing p in ion
(5) Drav shaft with worm vheel up through case push worm to side
of case when s t a r t ing (
- 5 3 shy
(6) Worm may then be removed from case aad case taken off side
of frame worm wheel may also be driven off shaf t
(b) To Assemble t raversing mechanism Refer to p la te XIII
Tnree men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 6375 and 05 U431 Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 2raquo and 225 U43AW Hammer machinists U48F Punch pin U47AF
(1) Bolt gear case to side frame and place vnra in pocket in case
(2) Drive worm vheel on shaft and place shaft in pos i t ion i
Worm must be held against wall of case gtS3aen assembling vheel and shaft
(3) Drive pinion on shaft and pin in p lace
(4) Slide worm shaft in place and lock i t vith pin and collar
(5) Bolt cover on case and bolt sight assembled or sight bracket
to t runnions
(6) Connect up leveling screw
SECTION F - CARE OF MMUNITEON CRANE
(a) To dismount ammunition c rane liefer to Dlate XXVII
Men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 pin punch
1 screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 anc 05 U-V3C 1 Wrench double 0625 auc O55 Ir4JF 1 Wrench double 0875-and Xraquo U43C
(l) Remove bolt fastening hoisting ropci to erjd of crime mast and
place bolt back in socket on rope This rejiovss sheave block
- 5 4 shy
sheave and crane hook
(2) Remove intermediate rope guard and sheave from crane mast
(3) Remove lower sheave bracket from crane mast and leave sheave and
rope guard attached to sheave bracket
(4) Unpin crank shaft co l l a r andrunscrew crank shaft n u t s
(5) Remove le f t crank and l e f t crank bushing rIhe crank shaft may
now be withdrawn to the l e f t and the pinion s ratchet and f r i c t ion box
and f r i c t ion disc be l i f t ed out The r ight crank may also be withdrawnbull
(6) Remove s p l i t pinsj drive out drum shaft and l i f t out drum and
gear
(7) Remove drum bracket from crane maftr
(8) Remove crane mast from crane mast pedestal and unbolt pedestal
from platform
(b) To AssembLe Ammunition Crane
Men Required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch
1 Screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075 II43F 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1 U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined above for dismounting in (a)laquo
Note- Care should be taken to see that the bronze and s tee l f r ic t ion
discs are assembled in t h e i r proper order
SECTION El ANTI-FRICTION DEVICE
(a) To Dismount a n t i - f r i c t i o n dev ice Refer t o P la te X
Four men required
Tools needed
Wrench single 175a U43V Wrench spanner U596E So rev driver U45AE
( l ) Unscrew locknut on adjusting screw
(Z) Remove s p l i t pin and nut from bearing support
(3) |Unscrew adjusting screw u n t i l beairinf support i s clear of bearshy
ing s e a t
(4) Remove r o l l e r and bearing s e a t
(5) Remove upper trunnion pin bearing anl key
(6) If t ipping pa r t s are out of side fcraiie bearing the bearing
support can be drawn up through the hole in s ids frame
(7) Bel lev i l le springs and washers can nor be removed
(8) Unscrew adjusting screw nut vith lockwasher attached to ifcraquo
(b) To assemble an t i - f r i c t i on device
Reverse the operation as outlined in afcove for dismounting
SECTION fl - CARE OF TRUCK3
(a) To remove trucks from Mount refer t o P la te XXXII
bull-8 Men required
Tools needed
4 Auxiliary jacks 1 Crowbar 1243A 1 Pinch bar
1 - 7-rinch p l i e r s U47AQ
(1) Remove s p l i t pin from l i ve lever pin a-d ^e7--e l ive lever pin
from rear t ruck lever connection Pl^ce l ino laver iivi i i hoe in 3 ive
lever and inse r t sp l i t pin shy(2) Lift- center pin from eenter p la ie hole usin^ pvrtn bar +y ^^-
-56shy
samej if necessary
(3) Raise mount with jacks as described in Part I Section (L) Divishy
sion (d) until mount is clear of trucks
(4) Shove trucks along until they are clear of mount
(fr) To Disassemble and Assemble Trucks Refer to Plate XXXII
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Wrench double 125 and 15 nuts U43BA 1 Wrench double 875 and I-inch U43G 1 - 7inch Pliers U47AQ 2 Crowbars 1243A Blocking 1 - 16-inch Monkey wrench U45LA lCfir Box Jacking screw with levers 1022C 4 Jacks 25-ton 1 Combination Hook and Packing tool
- 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar
(1) Remove pedestal t i e from both sides of truck replacing bolts in
t ies with nut locks and nuts
(2) Remove cotters from equalizer pins (put cotters in a convenient
place so they can be replaced in pin when same are later removed)
(3) Place jack screw on sectire blocking under inside pedestal castings
of outer wheels and raise truck frame until springs and equalizers are reshy
leased sufficiently for removing
(4) Remove semi-elliptic spring keys which will allow spring to be
removed
(5) Remove pins from equalizers and replace pins in same also replace
cotters (Refer to Art 2)
(6) Remove cotters and nuts from Helical spring bolts then remove
bolts and replace nuts and cotters Also remove springs and spring seats 33176
i
- 5 7 shy
7) Place car jack on secure blocking under serai-elliptic spring
soat and raise truck frame sufficient to remove wheels and journal boxes
(Snail jack screws and blocking can now be removed)
(8) Push end wheels with journal boxes away from truck framebull
(9) Disconnect bottom connection rod from both front and rear truck
levers and replace connection pins in their respective places in rods
(lltQ) Remove rear truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole from which it was taken in brajfce beam
( l l ) Disconnect front truck lever from dead lever bracket and replace
connection piniiin dead lever bracket
(12)) Disconnect dead lever bracket from dead lever fulcrum bracket and
replace connection pin in dead lever bracket
(13) Remove front truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole in brake beam
(14) Pull out brake shoe keys and remove brake beams and brake shoes
(15) Remove brake shoe hangers from side frames and replace hunger bolts
with keys in hangers
(16) Place blocking under pedestal casting of end wheels at either end
of truck most convenient and remove the car jacks near the end so blocked
by unscrewing jacks so as to allow frame to rest on blocking This will
permit moving center wheel with boxes intorposition formerly occupied by
aid wheels
(17) Replace ca^r jacks under semi-elliptic spring seats as before and
raise this end so as to release load of frame from blocking at end
(18) Remove end-blocking and push wheels away from frame
(19) Open journal box doors and remove journal box packing with hook
and packing tool 2SI16
-58shy
(20) Tilt the outer ends of the boxes up until bearing wedge and bearshy
nings can be removed remove wedges and take beardiigs out Then remove
boxes
(21) To Assemble Trucks Reverse the process just described
(c) To Pack Journal Boxes
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hook nd Packing Tool Bucket or Tin can of 3 to 5 gallons capacity Galena Oil bull I
Wool or Cotton Waste
(1) With hook and packing tool remove waste also all particles of
sand and gr i t from journal boxes
(2) In the bucket or tin can place enough waste to pack the number of
journal boxes to be packed wool waste is preferable but cotton waste
will do and saturate with Galena Oil
(3) With hook and pacafcing tool pack the oil saturated waste firmly
into the lower section of the Journal Boxes Note - The life of the journal
bearings will be considerably lengthened and the trouble arising from
burned out bearings will be reduced to a minimum if regular inspections be
made of the journal box packing If the car is to be moved a considerable
distance especially after having stood in one place for any length of
time i t i s vrell to see that a l l boxes are well packed with oil saturated
wasted Care should be taken to see that the covers are kept closed and
promptly replaced where broken or lost in order to keep out as much as
possible a l l sand and gri t
(d) To Replace Journal Bearings
Two men required 73V 6
Tools needed
1 Pinch Bar 1 Car Box Jacking Screw 1 Hook and Packing Tool
(1) With car body jacks ra ise car body about two inches
(2) With car box jacking screw ra ise the journal box from which the
bearing i s to be removed about two incheslaquo
(3) Raise journal box cover and remove bearing wedge with hook withshy
draw bearing
(4) Put new bearing in posit ion and replace bearing wedge pack journal
box packing firmly around lower half of journal and be certain that ijournal
bearing and wedge are properly seated
(e) To Place Trucks Under ca r
Reverse procedure outlined in Part I I Section G Division (a)laquo
SECTION- H - CARE OF TRUCKS
(ai To Disassemble Air Brake Refer to plates XIX apid XX bull
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch P l i e r s U47 AQ 1 Pinch Bar 1 Wrench double raquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U45DA 1 S t i l l s on Pipe wrench -25 and 25- inches 637D 1 Wrench double 083 5 and 1-inch riutsU43G 1 Wrench^ double Olaquo625 and 0laquo75-inch nutsfU43F
1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nutsU43^euro
(1) Disconnect hand brake pullrod and brake cylinder leyer connection
from brake cylinder lever and replace connection pin in end of pullrod
(2) Disconnect f loating lever connection from f loat ing lever and re shy
place connection pin in f loat ing lever connection 23176
- 6 0
Disconnect l i ve lever from f loat ing lever and replaco pin in l ive
lever
(4) Unbolt and remove cylinder lever fulcrumfrom center s i l l and re shy
place bolts in t h e i r respective holes in center s i l l and remove cylinder
lever from cylinder lever fulcrum
(5) Disconnect brake cylinder pushrod from cylinder lever and replace
connection pin in end of pushrod disconnect f loat ing lever from floating
lever fulcrum and replace pin in f loating levershy
(6) Unbolt and remove f loat ing lever fulcrum from under side of floor
p la te and replace bolts in fulcrum
(7) Disconnect union on cross pipe between cylinder and reservoir and
remove pipe
(8) Unbolt and remove brake cylinder from support and replace bolts
in support bull
bullbull(9) Disconnect pipes and e l l s from reservoir tha t connect with cross
pipe t o cylinder
(10) Unbolt t r i p l e valve from reservoir
(11) Unbolt and remove reservoir from supports replacing bol ts
(X2) Remove t r i p l e valve
(13) Unscrew pipe3A-
(14) Remove centrifugal d i r t col lector
(15) Remove elbow and pipe GA
(16) Unscrew pige AA from cut out cock and remove self-locking cutshy
out cock No 2135 vith upper pipe AA from 125 t e o
(17) Remove upper pipe AA from cut out cock
23176
(18) Remove V bolt in end s i l l and unccrew self~lockng nngle cck
No 22413
(19) Unscrew pipe R from coupling leaving coupling en pipe SMlaquo
(20) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe S from 125 e l l and leave
e l l on pipe T
(21) Remove pipe T11 from 125 ampee and leave tee on pipe U
(22) Unscrew pipe U from e l l and leave e l l on pipeVi4
(23) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe W from elbregw and leave
elbow on pipe X
(24) Unscrew pipe nX with drain cock from pipe HZ
Note- If i t i s desired to disassemble the complete a i r brake equipment
on mount repeat the above operation for disassembling the mechaniftzft under
the other end of the mount
(b) To Disassemble-land Assemble Handbrakes Refer to Plate XIX and XX-
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0625 and 0raquo7pound-inch nutsU43F
(1) Disconnect handbrake pul l rod from cylinder lever qt3 replace
connection pin in end of rod
(2) Remove handbrake sheave from handbrake pul l rod take chain from
around sheave and fasten sheave back in rod jaws with p in
(3) Unbolt and remove pu l l rod hanger and replace bolts in hanger
(4) Remove pul l rod
(5) Disconnect handbrake chain from brake mast step and brake mast
23176
-62shy
(6) Unbolt and remove brake mast step and replace bolts on mast s t e p p pR b(7(7)) Remove brake mast with handwheel and ratchet attached
c) gtv To Assemble Air Brake Refer to Plates XIX and XX
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 75 gad 1-inch U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch l)47DA 1 St i l l son Pipe Wrench 25 to 25 inches 637D 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075-inch nuts U43F 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1-inch nuts U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined in Section H division ( a )
(d) To clean and Oil Brake Cylinder Refer to p la te XXIX
Two men required
Tools needed
1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 625 and 0875-inch nuts U153E 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U47DA
(1) Disconnect pushrod from cylinder l ever
(2) Remove bolts connecting cylinder to brake cylinder brake and re shy
move pipes connecting cylinder to rese rvo i r
(3) Remove piston head
(4) With kerosene o i l thoroughly clean and remove a l l pa r t i c l es of
sand and g r i t from piston piston r ing and inside of cyl inder
(5) Oil piston lea ther in pis ton with heavy o i l or l igh t grease
(6) Put piston back in cylinder and replace whole on c a r
(9) To clean and o i l t r i p l e valvo K--2 Refer to Pla te XXXIII
Two men required
Tools needed 23176
O
l bull
1 Stillson Pipe Wrench 25 to- 2 5~inchesf 637D i Hamroerj U48F 1-7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Wrench double laquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inchj U47DA 1 Wrench double raquo375 and 5-inch nuts U153B
(1) Disconnect branch pipe union and remove branch pipe from tr iple valve
(2) Dplusmnggt$ pinealtriple valve f roiaauxiliary valvalaquo
(3) Unscrev union nut 17 and remove strainer 16 bull
(4) Unscrev graduating stem nut 20 and remove graduating spring 22raquo
(5) Remove nut from bolts 24 and take off cylinder cap 19 and- cylinder
cap gasket 23
(6) Withdraw piston and slide valve from casing
(7) Remove cap screws 25 and take off check valve case 13 and emergency
valve 9
(8) Remove piston 8laquo
(9) Remove emergency valve 10 and check valve 15raquo
(10) Unscrev retarding device 29 and remove retarding spring 33 and
stem 31bull
(11) Clean a l l parts thoroughly with kerosene oilraquo Using oil sparingly
oil t r iple piston and surface between slide valve and slide valve seat Also
surface between graduating valve and slide valve
(12) Assemble by reversing procedures as outlined above and replace
t r ip le valve in position
(f) To Clean Centrifugal Dirt Collector Refer to Plate XXXI
One man required
Tools needed None
( l) Open cock at bottom of collector until a l l particles of sand
dir t and water are blovn out
23176
-64shy
(g) To Take Up Shoo Wear
Oncopy man required
Tools needed
1 P l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch b a r
(1) Release brakes both hand and air
(2) Disconnect front t ruck lever from dead lever bracket move front
t ruck lever out un t i l the rear t ruck lever wi l l not go back to less than
15-inchear from the t ruck bo ls te r and remake connection in proper hole in
dead lever bracket
(3) If necessary the shoes can be set up t i gh t e r by moving the front
t ruck lever to the end holes Of the bottom connection rod
(m) To Replace Brake Shoes Refer to Plate XXXII
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U47AM 1 Pinch Bar
(1) Release brakes both hand and a i r -
(2) Withdraw brake shoe keys take out worn shoes and replace with
new ones
SECTIOIj I shy CARE OF JACKS
(a) To Disassemble screw jacks Refer to Plate XXV
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch 1 Wrench double1 Wrench double^
125 and 15 U43G 0625 and 075 U43F
23176
-65shy
(1) Unscrew lower jack pinion stud nut and remove ratchet and pawl
with housing bull
(2) Remove upper jack pinion stud nut and take out jack pinion stud
with jack pinion attached
(3) Remove jack screw nut and let jack and ram rest against guide
(4) Take washers and screw gear off of screw
(5) Remove stop from ram and guide from base plate
(6) Remove screw and ram
Note- In order to remove screw and ram i t is necessary to run the mount
over a pi t or dig a hole in the ground
(b) To Assemble screw jacks reverse the operations outlined above for
disassembling
(c) Care and Oilijig of Jaciss
The jacks should be lubricated frequently To do ifcis a steel
compression grease cup is screwed into the stop on the ram This cup should
nevor be without grease in i t The jack levers should be removed and placshy
ed in some convenient place on the platform
(d) Care of Auxiliary Jacks
When not in use the auxiliary jacks should be placed under the
ammunition table The bearings of the jack should be kept well oiled and the
main lifting screw and the teeth of the gears should be lubrioated vith
heavy grease when necessary to make jacks work easily
PART I I I
SECTION A PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED BEFORE FIRING
(a) This carriage is designed to be fired from 20 to 60 degrees elevashy
tion do not fire it below 20 degrees
23176
-66shy
(b) Fold up platform at breech of Howitzer
(c) Take reading at liquid pressure gauge this reading should be 1700
pounds per squre inch a small amount of liquid will leak out each round
and is replaced by means of the pump
(d) Take reading^at air pressure gauge this reading should be 1550
pounds per square inch
(e) The distance the recuperator piston rod moves indicates liquid leakshy
ing at the packing and the rod should never be allowed to stand out past
the gland more than 5laquo875 inches
(f) Traverse gun through entire allowed movement to nampke sure that all
parts work freely
(g) Elevate Howitzer through entire range of elevation to see that all
parts work freely
(h) Make sure that a l l nuts tap bolts and screws on elevating mechanism
traversing mechanism panoramic sight and elevation quadrant are set up
properly
(i) Make an inspection of recoil and counter recoil systems to see
thqfc they are properly assembled especially after the Howitzer has been
dismounted from the oradle
(k) See that the outriggers are set securely
(l) See that the underframing of the mount has a uniform bearing on
the ground platform
(m) Make sure that the recoil cylinder is properly fi l led
(n) All brakes should be released
23176
-67shy
TOBE_OBSERVED BEFORE TRAVELLING
(a) see that a l l equipment to be carried on the mount is properly
Secured and that none of i t projects out past the clearance l ine
(b) Depress gun to 0 degree elevation and traverse i t to 0 degrees
azimuth and fasten gun with travelling lock
(c) Remove panoramic telescope place i t in carrying case and store
in secure place
(d) An inspection should be n^de of journal boxes to see that they
are properly packed and that the bearings have not worn down too much
(e) An inspection should be made also of the brake shoes and mechshy
anism If there is too much play between the brake shoes and wheels
the wear should be taken up in the brake mechanism or the brake shoes
replaced with1 nev ones
(f) Be sure that the complete set of tools areoOn hand
(g) See that buffers and couplings are in proper working condition
PART V
TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF 12-INCH HOWITZER RAILWAY MOUNT MODEL OF 1918
Length of reco i l normal 36 max 375
Angle of Elevation ( f i r i n g 4 2 0 to46O o
ti laquo Depression - 5 loading
it laquo t raverse 360deg
Weight of recoi l ing pa r t s (empty) - 49188
n t ipping 64533(Loaded 65333)
Weight of Car including base p la te 102880
Length over draft Gear - 42 f t 2 i n approx
Total weight of trucks (two) 30000 l b s
-68shy
Type of trucks 6-wheel - 55 x 10 journals
Diameter of vheels 28 in
Weight of t ravers ing parts with gun (Empty) 92353
Total weight on t rack - 19 5 243 bull
Weight of gun including recoi l band amp breech mech bull 47f239
Muzzle Velocity 1950 f s
Range 21600 yds (Approx)
Wt Pro jec t i l e 700 l b s
Wt Povder 95
Chamber pressure 37000 l b s
Muzzle energy 18474 f t tons
Total rod pul l a t 60deg - 348766 l b s
per qxle a t t rack (front) 35931 l b s
laquo n ti ti ( rea r ) 29150 M
23176
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Gaylord Bros Makers
Syracuse N Y PAT JAN 21 1908
_^2-Jampich Bovitzer_R^
_Model of 1918
Section A - General Description
(a) Descript ionlaquo
Refer to plates I II III IV V and VI
for l i s t of pgta-ts with their piece mrks and the material of which they
are made see page
The mount is designed to permit the Howitzer to be traversed
through 360 degreoSy elevated from minus 5 to plus 60 degrees and fired
from 20 to 60 degrees
The principal parts of the mount are the base plate which is
a part of the car proper racer distance ring and traversing rcopyllers side
frames cradle recoil system recuperator system traversing and elevating
mechanisms elevation quadrant panoramic sight loading tray loading
and working platforms and car proper including body trucks brakes and
couplers together with outriggers floats jacks and foundation details
The base plate is a one piece casting used as the center secshy
tion of the car proper and bolted to the car frame on each end The
lower roller path is machined on the upper side and a pintle surface is
machined on the outer side of the vertical annular flange on the inner
side of this flange the traversing rack is bolted
The racer is cast in one piece and has i ts lover surface machshy
ined forming the upper roller path corresponding to the lower roller
path on the base plate The inner vertical surface is machined to form
the female part of the pintle The outer vertical surface is machined and
graduations are engraved forming an azimuth circle
23175
There are 640 divisions of 10 mils each the 0 graduation
being on the left side of the racer 45 degrees left of gear- Ihe
aximuth pointer is of gernian silver graduated from 0 to 10 mils and is
fastened to a builb up bracket bolted to the base plate Five clips
engaging the under side of the base plate flange and boltedto the
racer prevent any relative vertical movement o the racer with the base
plate Dust guards are bolted to the ou-ter surface of the racer preshy
venting dust and dirt from entering the traversing roller system and
pintle bearing
The traversing roller system consists of forty conical rollers t
held in a radial position by the distance ring1 and kept concentric with
the pintle by flanges on the inner edges of the rollers in contact vith
the inner edge of the roller path on the base ring Handy oilers are
located on the outsdde Vertical surface of tlje racer vith oil tubes
leading to continuous oil gutters cut in the distance ring for the disshy
tribution of oil to the rollers
The side frames are bolted to tkcopy upper surface of the racer
and held together by the front and rear transom this unit supports
the tipping parts of the mount
The cradle supported in the side frames by its trunnions
serves as a slide way for the hbvitzer when recoiling and carries the
recoil and recuperator systems bull The loading platform of structural
steel extends to the rear of the mount and is held in place by supports
fastened to the rear transom and side frames Tne platform is constructshy
ed with an opening in the center for the howitzer to recoil through
This opening is covered by a folding platform iji two sections connected
23176
mdash9mdash
together and to the loading plajtfora by hinges This platform is down
vu loading and folded back vhen firing On the right side of the
mount is the elevating platform which is folded in vhen traveling A
loading tray built up of structural steel is bolted to the goading platshy
form and is constructed to carry three projectiles at a tims Cranes
on the rear of the loading platform hoist the projectiles from the amshy
munition table on the car floor tothe loading tray i| shell trough placshy
ed in the breech of the Howitzer and resting on the loading tray is usdd
to slide the projectile and powder into the Howitzer The car has a cast
steel center vhlch serves as a base plate and roller path for the travershy
sing parts of the mount and structural steel ends all mounted on standard
six wheel trucks The car servesas a firing platform and transport
vehicle vihen in transport the entireweight rests upon the trucks in the
ordinary way but in firing the car is raised by jacks beams and cross-
t ies then placed underneath and the car lowered thereon relieving the
weight from the trucks The outriggers are then set out against the woodshy
en floats backed by the earth to resist the recoil when the howitzer is
fired
An ammunition trough and table are located on the car floor
and ammunition is brought from the ammunition car to the trough and slid
down to the table which holds seven projectiles
The recoil mechanism recuperator elevating and traversing
bullmechanism anti-friction device crane jacks outriggers trucks car
proper air brakes draft gear and ammunition table will each be desshy
cribed in detail later
2317
-10shy
(b) Operation
The piece i s la id in azimuth by the combined usec of the
panoramic sight or azimuth c i r c l e and the t raversing mechanism Elevashy
t ion is obtained by se t t ing the quadrant at the elevation required and
rota t ing the piece in elevation by the elevating mechanism
Upon f i r ing the Howitzer recoi ls in the cradle a maximum
distance of 375 inches carrying with i t the recoi l band and piston
pul l rods and plunger of the recuperator The energy of recoi l of the
howitzer is absorbedby the resistance which the f lu id in the hydraulic
cylinders offers in being forced through the openings past the pistonslaquo
A portion of the energy of recoi l suff icient to return the howitzer into
ba t t e ry i s absorbed by compressing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder
The return of the piece into bat tery is eased by bullbull-he action of the counter
reco i l buffers which force the f lu id from the cylinder heads through
the small clearance past the cylinder head bushings
SECTION B - RECOIL MECHANirM
Refer to Plate VII
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material
of which they are made see page
The recoi l system operates on th3vpoundrincipal of the hydraulic
brake and is designed to l imit the distance aid regulate the velocity
with which the howitzer moves to the rear when fired
A small portion of the reco i l energy is taken up by compressshy
ing the a i r in the recuperator cylinder but he greater portion is taken
up by tho resis tance the l iquid in the reco i l cylinder offers to being
forced through the or i f ices formed b the t h r o t t l i n g grooves The width
-11shy
of these grooves is uniform but the depth is proportioned so that ths
areas of the orifices varying with the position of the piston during
recoil will be such as to give with the air in the recuperator a conshy
stant resistance throughout the length of recoilbull
In front of the piston the piston rod is extended to form a
buffer This buffer is flatted so thqt the escape of liquid during
counter-recoil through the varying clearances between this and the reshy
coil cylinder head bushing will offer auch resistance as will control
the motion of the howitzer during its return to battery linen the fceccil
piston is in normal recoil position the end of the buffer is back in the
cylinder a distance about 17raquo375 inches from the cylinder head bushing
As the recoil piston travels towards the cylinder head during counter
recoil i t pushes some of the liquid ahead of it into th4 cylinder head
and Tahen the buffer reaches and begins to enter the cylinder head bushshy
ing the cylinder head is filled with the liquid
The recoil mechanism consists of two cylinders fitted in and
locked to cylindrical bosses on the under side of cradle by special nutsshy
Each is closed at the front end by a cylinder head and at the rear end by
a stuffing box The throttling grooves above referred to are three in
number symmetrically located with respect to the longitudinal axis of
the cylinder The piston rod projects through the rear of the cylinder
and is held in the recoil band by two nutsraquo The rear nut should be screwed
up lightly to allow the piston rod to adjust itself in the recoil band
When the piece is fired the piston and piston rod move to the rear with
the recoil band which is attached to the howitzer while the cylinders reshy
main stationary in the cradle A stuffing box with packing and follower
is used to make a tight joint between the piston rod and rear end of cylrU
in front of the stuffing box there is a leather washer which
prevents the l iquid in the cylinder from leaking through the threads
of the stuffing box and also during recoi l keeps the pressure of the
l iqu id from act ing d i rec t ly on the packing in the stuffing box The
cylinder head i s screwed into the front end of the recc i l cyl inder A
bushing i s screwed into the opening of the head to insure proper c learshy
ance for the buffer A tongue and groove with a lea ther washer makes a
t i gh t ftoint between the eylinder and head
_SfiCTION C - RECUPERATOR
Refer t o Plates VIII IX and X
For l i s t of par t s with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The recuperator consists of an a i r chanibrer a piston and i t s
packings a plunger and i t s yoke and pu l l rods The pietcn and plunger
s l i de in the cyl indr ica l part of the a i r chamberbull The pis-son rod has a
bearing in the front end of the plunger At t h i s end of th plunger a
yoke connects i t with the pu l l rods which in turn are fastened in the
front by a bracket and in the rear direct t o the reco i l band
The a i r chamber consis ts of a hollow cyl indr ica l forging open
in the front and closed in the rear The cy l indr ica l part in front in
wnich the piston and plunger moveS| i s f i t t e d with a lining of special
watert ight bronze The plunger i s of tfye same material as the l i ne r and
i s machined t o take the piston rod l iquidf and s tuff ing box The plunger
screwed to the yoke and secured by set scraws i s driven at recoi l by the
two pu l l rods which are fastened to the r s co i l band and t r ave l with i t
pu l l rodShave bearings in bushings fixed in lugs on the c rad le 1h3
2 7
-13shy
joint between the plunger and the liner is made tight by a leather
packing held in place by a stuffing box Flax packing held in the stuffshy
ing box by a gland makes the joint between the plunger and the stuffing
box tight A felt washer held by a steel ring and screwedvto the gland
prevents sand or grit from entering the plunger packings
The air chamber or recuperator cylinder plusmn3 locked in a cyshy
lindrical bO3s on the top part of the cradle by a cylinder clamp lock
Flattened places on the pull rod bushings matching up with similar ones
on the shoulder prevent the recuperator cylinder from rotating
The piston consists of a head of special watertight bronze
screwed on a steel rod Ihe front part of the rod is fitted with a bronze
casing and slides in a bearing in the plunge- Its threaded end beyond
the casing is fitted with a nut and washer limiting in the rear the disshy
placement of the piston with respect to the plunger Tallowed flax packshy
ing held by a bronze ring and piston washer held against this ring by
a follower make a tight joint between the piston and cylinder liner A
spring held in place by a nut pinned to the rod presses the f ollower
to the rear against the piston washer
The joint between the piston rod and plunger is similar to that
between the plunger and the cylinder liner
The space in front of the piston and in the plunger is filled with
a solution of glycerine and water the same as in the recoil cylinders
This liquid acts as a seal for the joint between the piston and the liner
and a stop between piston and plunger at counter-recoil
hi air valve body fitted with two needle valves one for filling
and one for emptying is screved in the rear end of the recuperator cylinlor
and connected by tubing to the air pipe connection on the cradle An cb- bull
-14shy
feube runs from this to the pressure gauge hi opening in th-e pipe
connection is used to attach the coiled tube when charging the cylinder
with a i r The opening is closed with a plug when not in use
At the front end of the recuperator cylinder a liquid valve
is bolted and connected by copper tubing to the liquid pipe connection
on the cradle Another tube runs from this to the pressure gauge and
a third to the liquid pump Liquid is poured into the pump through
the opening in the top and pumped through the tubing into the plunger
The liquid pump is fastened to a steel plate support to vhich
is also fastened the two pressure gauges This support is bolted to the
upper part of the cradle on the left sidebull
The pump consists of a pump case or reservoir for the solushy
tion of glycerine and water in the bottom of which is fixed the body
of the pump This contains the inlet valve the outlet valve and the
relief valve and the pump body nut A plunger operated by a lever crank
and link with bearings in the cover and body nut operate in the pump
body (see Plate X)
The relief valve screwed in the top of the pump body has a valve
stem relief spring and capraquo The relief spring is designed to allow the
liquid to blow off at from 2200 to 2500 lbs qpad insures no danampge to the
pump from excess back pressures This spring should never be tampered
with $e t- is adjusted by the manufacturer and tested to function at the
proper pressure If the liquid pump fails to function and there is
practically no resistance offered when the pump lever is operated it nhovs
that there is a back pressure of air in the mechanism To overcome this
disconnect the liquid pipe where i t joins the three way connoction on the
-15shy
of the cradle and operate the lever for a $ew strokes u n t i l l iquid
begins t o flow Reconnect the l iquid pipe to the three way connection
and pump l iquid into the recuperator plunger u n t i l the piston rod washer
just clears the rear gland
SECTION D - ELEVATING MECHANISM
Refer to Pirate XI and XJI
For l i s t of pstrts with t h e i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The elevating mechanism consis ts of an elevating rack attached
t o r ight side of the cradle meshing with a pinion which i s operated by
a handwheel through spur g e a r s The spur gearing is supported by the
gear p l a t e and side frame provided -with bronze bushings A band brake
with foot control i s provided to prevent any movement of t he t ipping par ts
when the gun i s f i r e d One turn of the handwheel clockwise elevates the
gun 192 degrees
Refer to Plate XXII
For l is t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page i
The t ravers ing mechanism consis ts of a c i rcular rack fastened to
the base ring and meshing with a pinion bullwhich 1s operated by a handwheel
through a worm and worm wheel The pinion meshing with the rack i s keyed
to the lower end of the v e r t i c a l t ravers ing shaft Tnis shafct has i t s
lower bearing in the t ravers ing shaft bracket ^jhich is bolted to the
racer and i t s upper bearing in the t ravers ing ^ear case which i~ bol-f-oa
t o the le f t side frame The worm whe 3i keyed so bhe upper end cf tho zy-ui
bull46shy
is in mesh with the worm which is keyed to the worm shaft The worn
shaft has both of i t s bearings in the gear case and a handwheel on one
end iThe worm wheel worm and worm shaft are inclosed in the gear case
1W gear case cover has a lug to take the leveling screw bearing pin of
the -sight
SECTION F r
Refer to Plate XXV
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The anti-friction device is designed to relieve the load of the
tipping parts from the main trunnion and ease the elevating and depressing
of the gun It donsists of tvo small trunnions bearing supports adjustshy
ing screws and Belleville springsraquo bull
The weight of the tipping partsr is supported on the small
trunnions and transmitted to the Belleville springs by the bearing supports
and seats The adjusting screvs are tightened up until the crdldle trun^ i
nions have a clearance in the s i i e frame bearings at a l l points This
makes the en t i re elevating load come on the small trunnions and reduces
the handwheel load When the Howitzer i s f i red the Bel lev i l le springs are
compressed and the f i r ing load comes on the side frame bearings
SECTION G - AMMUNITION CRANE f
Refer t o Plate XXVII
For l i s t of pa r t s with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they a r e made see page
Tvo ammunition cranes are bolted to the rear corners of tho
loading platform for use 3a hois t ing ammunition from the ground or amshy
munition t ab l e to the loading t ray bull 2 ampbullgt
For hpistang the 700-pound p ro jec t i l e the shot tongs should
be pdjined d i r e c t l y t o the open socket at the end of the wire-rope For
use with a heavier p ro j ec t i l e an extra sheave block vith a craaae hook
attached- i s provided The wire rope vith the open socket attached^ may
be passed through the blockj by removing one of the p la tes and pinning
t o the mast The shot tangs ^Should then be placed on the crane hook
These two arrangements are shown on p la te XXVII
A section through the drum gearing and f r ic t ion srafetyydevice^
i s shovai on p la te XXVII The cranks may be released with the load dji
any position^ and by v i r tue of the f r i c t i o n safety device the mechanism
wi l l not overhaul The pawl should at a l l times be lef t an mesh with the
ra tche t To insure proper functioning t h i s mechanism should be kept
well lubricated She cranks and the mechanism housed in the drum bracket
should- under no circumstances^ be dismantled in the f ield
l M CAR PROPERj
Refer to Plate XVIII
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Ihe car proper serves as a t ransport f or the travels ing par ts
of the mount outrigger f l o a t s foot p la tes and for the c ross t ies and
bu i l t up H-beams of the foundation platform Ihen lowered on the foundashy
t ion platform i t serves as an emplacement
The car proper consists of a drop frame type of bqdyj vith ends
b u i l t up of s t ruc tu ra l s t e e l p la tes and shapes vitha cast s t e e l center
mounted on tvo six-wheel railway trucks I t i s equipped with four screw
jacks which are used f i r s t t o ra i se the car suff ic ient ly t o allow ths
groundplatf orm to be placed in posit ion under i t and then t o lower uho
-18shy
car until i ts weight rests on the crossties and through them to the
built up H-beams which are spiked to the rail t i e s There are also ffi
outriggers which are set out against wooden floats sunkin pits and back-
ed by earth The outriggers serve to keep the mount stationary during
firing
The over-all dimensions of the car body ends which as stated
above are built up of structural steel shapes and plates are length
12 feet 75 inches width 8 feet 55 inches The underframe is comshy
posed of two center si l ls four intermediate s i l l s and four side siljs
connected to a base plate in the center of the car which forms the lower
level of the car body Ihese si l ls are tied together ^t each end by
channel and s i l l s and cross braced by a body bolster 5 feet 95 inches
from each end The floor plate covering the sil ls consists of four steel
platesbull A step and a hand hold or grab iron is provided at each corner
SECTION I - Trucks
Refer to Plate XXXII
For l i s t of parts with their piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The trucks of which there are two are of built up type the
frame being made up of plates and steel castings The center portion of
the frame is a steel casting forming a bolster and is riveted to the side
pieces Separate MraquoCraquoBlaquo center plates are riveted to the top of the
bolsters- Side bearings consisting of steel plates held in position by
cast recesses are placed on 45-inch centers The vertical distance from
the side bearing surface to the center plate ie 275 inches Steel
ings are riveted to the side^plates which fern the pedestals
-19shy
Th e journals a re standard MCB amppound x 10 and 28-inch wheampls
of ro l l ed s t e e l are pressed on the a x l e s
The loading on the t rucks r s t ransmitted t o the journals by )
s emi -e l l i p t i c springs and equalizers The equalizers bear on the journal
boxes and t h e i r outer ends are supported by coi l springs held dn place by
the pedestal cast ings
Inside hung brakes are applied on four wheels of each truck
The brake beams are MCraquoB No 4 t russed type with shoes keyed to heads
The beams are hung from brackets cast on the t ruck frames Separate cast
s t e e l lugs are riveted on both sides of the bols ter for connecting the
dead lever guides on one side and the l ive lever guides on the1 other
J -VBRAKESJL
Refer to Plates XIX XX XXI XXII XXIX XXX XXXI XXXIII
For Lis t of pa r t s vith t h e i r piece narks and the materialsof
which they are rcade see page
The car i s equipped vith both hand and airbrakes operated by^the
same system of levers and so arranged tha t e i ther can be applied independshy
ently I t i s necessary to apply the handbrakes at each end separa te ly
The ai rbrakes are connected by the t r a i n l i n e pipe and operated simshy
ul taneous ly Detached brake cylinders and reservoi rs Westinghouse type
D 10 x 12 See p la tes XXIX and XXX) are provided with K-2 t r i p l e valves
(See p l a t e XXXIII)raquo There i s also a centr i fugal d i r t co l l ec to r (See p la te
XXXI) and the necessary pipes valves and connections for f re igh t car
equipment
P la tes XIX and XX show the arrangement of brake pa r t s a t e i ther
end of the mount From these pla tes i t w i l l be seen tha t the handbrakes
2317amp
-20shy
can be applied without disturbing the piston in the brake-cylindershy
the piston rod being made up of tubing in which the cylinder push rod
slides It will be further noted that the handbrake staff is connected
to a horizontal lever by means of a pull rod and chain The horizontal
lever is connected to the brake cylinder on one end andto the truck
live lever on the other end by means of rods and levers
The reservoirs are equipped with a valve operated by a rod
which can be pulled to release the air brakes quickly when desired
Ihe triple valve governs the flow of air allowing air to pass
from the train line into the reservoir and from the reservoir to the
cylinders liVhen pressure in the train line is reduced the triple valve
admits air from the reservoir into the cylinder and when pressure in the
train line is again raised the triple valve closes the passage of air
from the reservoir to the cylinder and at the same time allows the air
in the cylinder to escape into the atmosphere This automatically reshy
leases the brakes The reservoir is again recharged from the train line
to the required pressure These operations are effected by opening or
closing of ports in the triple valve by variations in the air pressure
A dirt collector located between the triple valve and the train
line collects dirt from the air before i t passes into the triple valve
The dirt thus collected may be blown out of the dirt collector by openshy
ing a valve at its bottom
_SEC_TION K - DRAFT GEAR AND FRTiNCH COUPLERS
(a) Draft Gear Refer t o p l a t e XXXVII
For l i s t of p a r t s vith t h e i r piece marks and the mater ia l of
which they are made see page bull
2317$
-21shy
The draft gear is known as the Westinghouse friction Type
The V-estinghouse friction parts are enclosed in a drum which is so applied
between cast steel draft lugs to receive the buffing and pulling shocks
The coupler is Gould Coupler Companys pattern Z-201
(b) To Couple the Car
One man-required Tools needed none Car pusher can be used if locomotive is not
available
(1) Set the handbrakes on car enough to keep-it from moving easily
when bumped
(2) Gpen the knuckle on car by lifting the handle of the uncoupling
lever This movement will f i r s t unlock the knuckle so i t can be pulled
open but continuing the movement of uncoupling lever will throw the
knuckle open without the necessity of going in front of or between the
cars When the knuckle of either car i s open i t is only necessary to
Erring the cars together until the open knuckle closes aftd i t will lcopyck
aut orcat ic al 1 y
(c) To uncouple car
(l) Raise the uncoupling lever on one car enough to release the
knuckle and the cars may be pulled apart
(d) French Coupler - Refer to Plates XXXV and XXXVI
For l i s t of parts wiflitheir piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page bull
The bumper blOGks are of white oak each secured to the end s i l l
channels by six 1-inch diameter and two 15-inch diameter bolts To
these blocks the buffers safety chains and parts of the draft hooks are
fastened as shovai on Plate XXXV
The screw couplers safety chains and buffers conform to the
standard now adopted for US Government freight cars in France With
t h i s arrangement and when the car i s connected to the ammunition car
or some other car the couplers draw them together producing compression
in the buffer spr ings
At each end of the car there are two different types of buffers
one with a f l a t buffing surface and the other with a curved surface
Similar buffers are located diagonally opposite on the car in order that
when the cars are coupled together the f l a t buffer of one car will butt
against the curved buffer of the next car This i s done to prevent
damage to buffers when t ra in is rounding a curve
The buffrer housing which contains the compression spring and
ac ts as a guide for the buffer i s bolted to the bumper block by four
bol ts bull A buffer p la te however i s placed between the buffer housing and
the bumper block to give a bet ter bearing surface The large end of the
spring referred to above res ts against a c i rcular p la te and the small end
against the buffer In order to prevent the spring from pushing these
tvo apart a 1875-inch diameter pin is provided which has a head at one
end amdl a t the other end a key projecting through the pin and a collarlaquo
The above mentioned c i rcular p la te se ts up into the buffer housing fqr
enough to allow clearance between the bumper block and the buffer plate
for the col lar and key but i t is prevented from being pushed back by a
cast s t ee l ring bolted to the buffer p l a t e
The draft hook projects through the bumper block end s i l l and
cast s t ee l draft spring stop to a cast s t ee l block which is held to i t by
a nut and s p l i t pin This l a t t e r block i s guided by lugs on the center
23175
sampll and takes the thrust of the compression spring which is seated
at i t s large end on tho draft spring stop rivetedto the center s i l l
of car The draft hook is also guided by another cast steel block restshy
ing against the1draft hook plate and bolted to a bumper block The
shoulders of the draft hook butt up- against this block when released
thus stopping i ts inward motion
The screw coupling is fastened by a pin vith cotter to a
hole in the draw hook It consists of the yoke attached to the draw
hook a clevis for hooking to the next car and a right and left hand
screw to draw the yokes and clevis togetherbull Attached to the middle
of the screw is an arm with a ball at the end which is used as a handle
to operate the screw The right hand threads on one side of this handle
screws through a pin holding the y6kes together The left hand threads
on the other side of the handle screw through a similar pin connected to
the clevis These pins are held in place by cotter pins A screv couplshy
ing is provided at each end of the car but when the train is made -up
only one coupling is used at each connection Mien not in use the loose
end of the coupling is swung on a hook attached to the draft hook plate
under the bumper blocks
Safety chains one on either side ox the draft hook serve as a
coupling in case the screw coupling or draw hooks are out of order These
consist each of a chain and hook fastened to car by an eye bolt The eye
bolt passes through the bumper block and end s i l l and are held in place
by nuts with a split pin To allow a l i t t l e give to the chain four spring
washers are inserted between the end s i l l channel and the nutraquo A cast
steel guide bolted to the bumper block acts as a stop and guide for the
23176
eye bolts and chain
(e) To Couple Cars Refer to Plate XXXVIlaquo
One man required Tools needed^ none
Car pusher can be us 3d if- locomotive is not available
(1) Set hand brako on stationary car (not completely but enough
so that car will move only slightlyif bumped) and bring the cars as
clc-Sff together as buffers will allow
(2) Stampndlig LeUveen cars inside of buffers l i f t one of the screw
couplings from the hook under bumper block and hook staple on draft hook
of other car (if the staple does not reach the hook the coupling will
have to be lengthened by turning the screw with handle)
(3) Tighten screw until there is just enough compression in the
draft hook and buffer springs to make cars ride easily The screw can
be turned easily by raising the ball attached to end of handle in the
proper direction until i t will fal l by i t s own weight thus completing
one turn By repeating above operations the required amount of turns
can be made
(4) Hook the safety chains of one car to the chains of the other
car (5) Connect a ir hose and open angle cock
(6) Release handbrake
(f) To Uncouple Cars
Reverse the process of coupling described above taking care
that the screw coupling is screwed a l l the way out before the staple is
hung on the hook
2317$
^ JL- JACKS
Refer to Platcopy XXV
(a) For l i s t 03 par ts vith t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
Four bu i l t in jack screws are located in the corners of the
base p la te d i rec t ly above the r a i l s of a standard gauge t rack
Each jack consists of a ram screw nut r screw gear pinion
pinion stud ratchet pawl ratchet housing and lever
The rain carr ies a nut into which the screw works On the upper
end of the screw i s a screw gear meshing with a pinion on the pinion s tud
A ratchet meshing vith the pinion is turned by a ratchet pawl attached to
the ratchet housing which in turn i s bull operated by a long hand lever
There are two jack blocks 9 inches wide 8 inches high and 5
feet 6 inches long provided vith each ca r These blocks placed across
the r a i l s act as bearings for the jacksraquo In order to raise the car the
jack blocks are placed across the r a i l s so-that the two jackscrews at
each end wil l rest upon them
Four 20-inch 25-ton auxi l iary jacks having a t o t a l r i s e of 9
inches are carried on each railway car and weight-approximately 95 pounds
ea[ch They can be used for emergency purposes or in case the regular
jacks are out of ordershy
(b) To ra ise mount with screw jacks refer to plate XXV
Two men required on each set of jacks (four if both ends of car are to be raised)
Tools needed 4 Jack levers bull
2317 6
(1) Place jack blocks across rails under jacksf The faces
of the block with the bearing surfaces should be next to the rail and
jack screws
(2) Turn jack lever until ends of jack screw bear on the jack
blocking Be sure the jack blocking is correctly placed so as to give
good bearing- 011 rails and continue turning levers until car is high
enough to permit the foundation stringer to be placed under the base
plate then put isu the foundation cross beams
(c) To Lower Car Refer to plate XXV
Reverse procedure as outlined in (b) above
(d) To Raise mount with auxiliary jacks Refer to plate XXV
Two men required Tools needed
4 Auxiliary Jacks
4 Wood blocks about 4 x 4 x 4
(l) Arrange blocking directly under seats of t i e rod bracket
castings The top of this blocking should be about 9 inches below the top
of the rai l in order to get the jacks under the mount
(2) Place auxiliary jacks on these blocks arrange pawl so that
jack will raise when handle is lowered insert handle in socket and raise
by pumping until jack engages with lower surface of base plate Operate
jacks until mount is raised sufficient to place foundation
(3) Remove jacks after foundation is placed
jBCTION M - F0I3N DATION
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXIV
The foundation i s intended to take the load off the car
trucks and t ransfe r i t d i rec t ly to the ground through r a i l t i e s 23176
- 2 7 shy
I t i s nade up of four cross beams which support the side
intermediate and center s i l l s of the car and which in turn transmit the
to t-70 l inos of H-b earns placed para l le l to and outside of the r a i l s
on each side of the track Each l ine of beams is composed of two separate
channel irons bolted to each other and Spiked with screw spikes to the
r a i l t i e s in order to prevent movement
The material for the foundation platform is stored on car in
f rent of ammunition t r a y On the car the H-beams are placed at r ight angles
to the t r ack In tack of the beams the cross t ies are placed These beans
and cross t ies are blocked in front by the outrigger brackets in back by
the loading t rays and on the sides by the outriggers On top of the cross-
t i e s the jack blocks are placed These are held in place by fastening the
rope attached to them to the loading tray legs
(b) To place for f i r i n g - Refer to Pla te XXIV
men needed-
Tools required
3 - 2 x 4 timbers about 3 long for parrying H-b earns
1 - Wrench double 0625 and 0laquo75 U43F
The t rack at the location where the gun is to be placed should be
previously prepared The r a i l s should be leveled up and the ba l las t tamped
well under the t i e s
(1) Remove foundation jack block from car platform and place across
the r a i l s with center l ines d i rec t ly under the screw jacks
(2) Raise the car by means of the screw jacks (See Sect L Division
b
2317 6
-28shy
(3) Remove foundqtion stringers from car platform two to be
placed on either side of the track
(4) Place the stringers under the flange of the base plate as
near the rai l as possible and parallel to the track with the ends of the
stringers on either side of the track approximately opposite each other
(5) Connect the stringers at the center by four 75 x 1375
bolts bull
(6) Remove the cross beans from the car platform
(7) Flace the cross beams under the side sillsr of the car restshy
ing on the foundation stringere
(8) Lower the car by means of the screw jacks until the center
portion of the base plaite rests on the foundation stringers and the ends
of the side intermediate and center s i l ls rest on the cross beams
(9) Screw up jacks until they clear blocking by at least one half
inch before firing
(c) To Disassemble foundation and load for carrying
8 men required Tools neededs
1 wrench double raquo625 and 75 U43F 2 Track wrenches 4712C 1 Crowbar 1243A
To disassemble reverse procedure outlined in (b) above
To load the material on car platforms for carrying proceed as follows
(1) Place crossties on car platform against ammunition tablet
The ends of the crossties should be perpendicular to the tracks
(2) Place H~beams with webs vertical next to crossties
(3) Place jack blocks on crossties and lash to legs of ammunition
table 23170
SECTION N - OUTRIGGERS
( a ) Description Refer to Plate XXIIIbull
For l i s t of par ts vith the i r piece marks and the mat copyrial of
which they are made see page
There are eight outriggers furnished with e^ch mount which
form braces to prevent the mount from tipping over or from sl iding on
the foundation -platform when the gun isrbeing f i r ed
The four end outriggers which are fastened both when and
when not in use to a socket on the side of the car should be used ^ien
the gun i s f ired vith in the sector 45 degrees to the r ight or to the
l e f t of the longitudinal center l ine of the car They are each rnade up
of 6-inch hot drawn Shelby s tee l tubing vith an adjusting scifcew on one
end and an eye and pin on the other The adjusting screw has a ba l l on
the end and can be screved in or out of the nut s t ru t end with a s tee l
rod which f i t s into holes provided next t o the b a l l The fixed end of
the outrigger res ts in asocket casting on the car side and the ball of
the adjusting screwscrests in the foot p la te used to d i s t r ibu te the load
over the wooden f l o a t From the nut s t ru t end to a bracket on the car
d i rec t ly below the outrigger bracket is a t i e rod As the center l ine of
the outrigger s t ru t does not pass through the trunnions of the gun there
i s an overturning tendency when the gun is f i red normal to track The
purpose of the t i e rod i s to counteract t h i s tendency
The four side outriggers which are also fastened to a socket
on the side of the car should be used when the gun is f i red within the
sec tor 45 degrees to the r ight or l e f t of a cross center l ine of the ca r
23176
They ar4 the same in every respect as the end outriggers
The footplates are of cast steel and are used to transmit the
thrust from the struts to the f loats Their lower surfaces are smooth
and the upper parts have sockets to receive the ball ends of the struts
Each float is built up of two layers of Mocking so as to disshy
tribute the ioad from the strut over 20 square feet of ground surface
The lower layer is composed of fine white oak blocks and the upper layer
of three blocks a l l bolted togetlis3raquo There are two angle guides bolted
to the upper surface of the floats for guiding the foot plates
Mien not in use the floats and footplates are placed on the
car platform The floats are piled in an inclined position against the
ammunition trough in the rear of the car The footplates are piled on
the front platform of the car qgnd lean against the ammunition table
The float lashingi for holding the floats in position (See
Plate XXVl) while in transit is composed of five wire ropes fastened toshy
gether by steel rings and turnbuckles When the floats are loaded in
traveling position two of the wire ropes held together by a turnbuckle
are passed around the lower part of the floats and secured to the amshy
munition table by steel rings At the upper part of the float two more
wire ropes are passed around also held together by turnbuckles and seshy
cured to the ananunition table by steel rings The upper lashing is held
in place by the angles on the sides and by another wire rope in the rear
fastened to the platform Turning the turnbuckles tightens the ropes and
holds the floats in place
The footplate lashing for holding the foot plates in position
vhile in transit is composed Of one wire rope with a hook on one end and
23176
- 3 1 shy
a tumbuckle on the other Illhen the pla tes are loaded in traveling posishy
t ion the rope i s fastened to the lower angle of the ammunition tab le and
run diagonally along the foot p la tes from the bottom rear to tfre top front
Ihey are prevented from sl iding forward by an-angle at the f ron t Turning
the turnbuckle t ightens the rope and holds the pla tes in p lace
The s t ru t s and end t i e rods are fixed permanently to the sockets
on the mount and vdien not in use are swung around and hung on the side of
the mount bull The center t i e rods are taken off and placed on top of the
loading platform in back of the front ammunition t a b l e
(b) To Place an End Outrigger for F i r ing
Six men required
Tools needed 2 - 2raquo x 6 inch boards 8 f t long 1 - s l ing of rope about 30 f t long 2 - Shovels 8819A 2 - Picks U51A 1 - Long handled shovel 1 - Axe U51D 1 - 0875 diameter x 24 rod to turn s t r u t adjusting screwshy1 - Crowbar 1243A 1 - Hammer U48F 1 - 2 x 4 timber about 5 long f^rtftatepiftg earth 1 - Rule 1 - Tape measure 4 - Stakes
1 - 1 x 2 board exactly 90 inches long
(1) Move t i e if necessary and lay off oblong on ground 60 x 35
so that one corner of the long side is 56 from center of mount and 28
from center l i ne of trucks and the other corner will be 108 from center
l i ne of mount and 68 from center l ine of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pplusmnb u n t i l sides meet at a depth of 90 from top
of car platform
23176
(3) Loosen up turn bustle of footplate lashing^ and remove a l l foot
plates from platform and place them on ground in a convenient place
(-) Uohooi float lashing and throw to one side away from f loats
Fasten sling around upper f loat Slide i t dovn skids to ground and place
i t in p i t with i t s under surface resting on rear or sloping part of pi t
and with angles s t i l l horizontal
(5) Place a foot plate vdth i t s under surface bearing in the center
and between angles on the f loa t
(D) Lift outrigger strut out of carrying bracket and swing i t arround
on the socket casting and turn adjusting screw up in the strut so as to
isike i t as short as possible If i t is difficult to turn the adjusting
screw the 875 inch diameter rod should be used which f i t s in the holes
next to the ball-end Swing end of outrigger around until the ball is
right over socket of foot plate and turn adjusting screw out until the ball
bears against socket and causes compression in the strut
(7) Remove t i e roduf rom car and fasten to strutbull Turn the tumshy
buckle until rod is t igh t
(8) Pile earth against the part of under surface of float which
projects above the ground level tamping well to give a good bearing for
the whole under surface of float
(c) To Place a side Outrigger for Firing Refer to Plate XXIII
Six men required
Tools needed Same as for (b) above
( l ) Lay off oblong on ground 60 x 55^ so that one oorner of the
long side is IQOfl from center line of mount and 128 back from center line
23176
- 3 3 shy
of trucks and the other end Ls 155 from center line of mount and 128
back from center line of trucks
(2) Dig a V shaped pit until sides meet in the center of the pit at
a distance of 90 from the top of car platform
(3) Place floats and foot plates in the same manner as for end outshy
riggers
(4) Swing outrigger from mount and turn adjusting screw out until
the ball end bears against sOcket and causes compression in the strut
(5) Remove center t ie rods from car platform and connect to t ie rod
studs ^lowing rod to drop down to lugs on lower part of outrigger beam
and adjust turnbuckle until pin can be inserted in the holes in lugs
(6) Pile earth agpoundpoundnst part of under surface of float which projects
above the ground levellaquo tamping well to give a good bearing for the vhole
surface of floatbull
(7) Remove remaining floats if there are any from end car platshy
form and place them in a convenient place out of the my
(d) Tos Adjust Screw on Outriggers Refer to Plate XXIII
Qne man required
Tools needed
bull875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B
After the gun has been fired i t may be |ound that the outriggers
have packed the earth under the float and that the struts do not bear
firmly against the foot plates After every firing the adjusting screws
should be turned out if necessary in ordefr to make firm bearing As
stated above the adjusting screw should be turned out by means of the
bull875-inch rods which f i t in holes next to the ball end of the strut
23176
bull - 3 4 shy
(amp) To Adjust Floats Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed bull875 diameter by 24-inch rod 106B 1 Crowbar 1243A
If the movement of earth under the floats continues as the
firing goes on until the adjusting screws have reached their outward limit
earth or blocking will have to be placed under the float to give a new
bearing surfacelaquo To do this proceed as follows
(1) Turn adjusting screw up in the struts as irar as i t will go
(2) With crowLars move the foot plates and floats up tovyard the
car keeping their inclination the same as before
(3) Hold the floats in this position by means of wedges and f i l l in
the back of floats with earth or blocks until the whole under surface of
the floats have a firm bearing
(4) Turn adjusting screw out again to give compression in the strut
I t may be necessary also to adjust the length of t ie rod on side outriggers
which can be done by turning turn buckle
(f ) To Place Had Outrigger strut for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII
Four men required
Tools needed
0875 diameter by 24-inch rods 106B Hammer U48F
(1) Remove pin with spli t pin holding end t i e rod to outrigger
strut swing t i e rod around and hang i t on bracket on side of the mount
(2) Turn adjusting screv up on the strut as far as i t vail go
Swing free end of strut around and hanamp i t on bracket on side of mount
23176
- 3 5 shy
(g) To Place Sidcopy Outrigger for Carrying Refer to Plate XXIII-
Four men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F -875-inch by 24-inoh rod 106B
(1) Remove pin connecting side t i e rod to outrigger s t r u t remove
t i e rod from bracket and place on car platform (see Plate XXIII)bull
(2) Turn adjusting screw of s t r u t up as far as i t wi l l go- thus
allowing s t ru t to swing free of foot p l a t e shy
(3) Lift free end of s t ru t and swing around on to top of base
p la t e inside of outrigger support
(h) To Place Floats and Foot p la tes for carrying - Refer to
Plate XXVI
Six men required
Tools needed 1 sl ing of 1-inch rope about 30 f t long 1 wrench double 0625 and 0raquo75 U43F 1 pinch bar i crowbar 1243A
(1) Lay foot p la tes to one side raise f i r s t f loa t with crowbar
and then s l ide f loat up skids on to rear platform of car Place f loat
vith long side against ammunition trough and angle side out angles benjig
v e r t i c a l (See Plate XXVI)
(2) Place second i l o a t as abovevwith the under surface of same
res t ing against the angles of the f i r s t f loa t bull
(3) Continue loading f loa t s as in (2) un t i l the l a s t one has been
placed on the mount
(4) Last f loa t s together as described in (a)raquo
23176
-36shy
(5) Place foot p la te on le f t front of car in inclined position
res t ing against ammunition table
(6) Continue loading remaining foot p la tes ampa in (5) un t i l the
l a s t one has been placed on the mount
(7) Laah foot p la tes together as described in ( a )
SECTION 0- - AMMUNITION HANDLING
Refer to Plates XV and XXVII
A t r i p l e x block lowers the ammunition from the ammunition car in
the rear of the mount to the ammunition trough bolted to the platform of
the Howitzer c a r The upper surface of the t ray is bu i l t on an incl ine
do that the ammunition can be s l i d on to a t a b l e This table wil l hold
seven p r o j e c t i l e s The crane (See Sect G ) ho is t s the ammunition from
the table to the loading t ray on the traversing part of the mount ampa inshy
cl ine trough extends from th i s t ray to tike breech of the Howitzer- Two
men then push the pro jec t i l e down the inclined surface into the breech of
the howitzer
ggCTION PVr MUZZLE SUPPORT
(a) Description Refer to Plates I and II
For l i s t of par ts with t he i r piece marks and the material of
which they are made see page
The gun when traveling i s held firmly to the mount by a muzzle
support and band The muzzle of the gun res t s on the muzzle support which
in tum is supported by the ammunition trough A wire rope i s passed over
the muzzle and to the ammunition trough by a band latch and hinge On
one end of the vire rope a stud i s fastened in an open socket This stud
f i t s in a hole in the band latch and has a nut on i t By tightening th is
23176
laquo-37shy
nut the rope holds the muzzle- of the gun on the muzzle block
(b) To Place Muzzle Support
One man required
Tools needed 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s 1 - wrench double 0375 and 1 U4-3G
( l ) Depress gun to 0 degrees elevation and traverse to 0 degrees
azimuth having muzzle support block in place
(3) Place gun band over muzzle of gun and fasten to band hinge on
One side and band labrh stud on other side
(3) Screw up nut on band latch stud un t i l band is t igh t on muzzle
of gun
SECTION Q_raquo_ - CHESTS
One tool chest and two armament chests are carried with each mount-
They are made of 062-inch s tee l reinforced by angles on the outsidebull The
p la tes are flanged a t the corners to connect to adjacent p l a t e s Two f l a t
s t raps riveted to the bottom by countersunk r ivets serve to protect the
bottom of the chest
The covers are hinged t o the back of the chests and have catches
On e i ther side to hold them open The coders are locked by a lock bolt
a t each side and by Yale lock in the middle The chests are equipped with
handles on each end
The tool chest i s 4C-inches long 20-inches wide and 24-inches
h igh I t is equipped vith one t ray which res ts on shelf angles This chest
i s carried on the r ight end platform of the mount alongside of the loading
trough when t r a v e l i n g Lug angles bolted to the floor p la tes prevent i t
from shift ing
23175
The armament chests are 4G~inches long 20-inches wide and 12shy
inches high They are equipped with two trays placed on top of each
bdquobull -rltA supported on tne chest bottom
bullWhen the mcunt is traveling these chests are placed on the front
of the car platform just in back of the ammunition t a b l e They are held
in t h i s position with angles which are bolted to the floor p l a t e s
The chests should be removed from mount when in f i r ing position
and placed in some convenient p lace
(a) Description Refer to Plate XXXIV
The mount may be camouflaged using the five color system
following the foliage design vith color key in black and white shown on
Pla te XXXIV
The object of th i s method of painting is to break up the lamprge
surfaces into a number of small sections so as to produce the appearance
of a c lus ter of shrubbery vith patches of l ight and shadow
To completely camouflage the mount i t should be covered with a
semi-transparent camou1 lagcopy canopy of ten t form similar to that used for
tljre 12-in oh Gun Railway Carriage shown on drawings Class 85 Division 22
Drawings 1 2 and 3raquo
(b) Pa)ntslaquo
The pa in ts to be used are the Q Government Camouflage Paints
prepared for the five color sjrstem and in the proportion as follows
applied over a coat of Ordnance Grey and never on bare metal
123455
Brown Yellow Cream Green Mauve Black
No 4041 4C42
4043 4044 4046 4045
-10 3 5 10 2 1
par ts
bullbull deg 23176
- 39shy
Th e paiat numbers referred to above are the US Government
Paijit numbers The parts referred to indicate the relative amounts of
paints of the different colors which will be required to camouflage one
12-inch Howitzer Railway Mount
Each color for convenience should be furnished for use in one
gallon friction top cans with handle Paints should be furnished in the
cans mixed ready for use Mien paint becomes too thick and i t is necessary
to thin use ^linseed oil and turpentine for that purpose being careful
not to use too much turpentine
(c) To Apply the Paint
To apply the paint the surface should be free of all sand
cinders dirt and oil Paint formerly applied and adhering firmly to the
surface need not be removed The section to which the different colors
are to be applied are then laid off in accordance with the design shown
on Plate
After the mount has been properly marked off into the different
sections the colors should be carefully applied care being taken to inshy
sure an even smooth coatf After the different colors have been applied
the lines where the colors meet should be covered with a black band about
one and one quarter inches wide Rrecautions should be taken to see that
the paint is dry and hard before permitting anything to come in contact
with the painted surface
(d) To Remove Paint
The paint may be removed by turpentine or by the use of a paint
torch if care is taken in the use of the flame
pound3 L7
-40shy
MAINTMANCE OFJEHE
SECTION A - Care of Recoil Mechanism
(a) The recoil cylinder should be emptied and refilled once every
three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months or ofterier if
conditions require i t
The liquid inithe recoil cylinder is a solution of esectual parts
glycerine and water- The density of the liquid should be 115 and should
have a neutral or alkaline reaction oaused by adding caustic soda or
caustic potash chemically pure A hydrometer which is kept in the arshy
mament chest whennot in use is furnished to test the solution for densityraquo
This liquid should be filtered through a clean piece of muslin or linen
before using Ihe glycerine should be kept in closed cans provided for
the purpose and be carefully protected from dirt sand and g r i t Liquid
drawn from cylinders and containing sediment must not be used again until
i t has been allowed to set t le for not less than 24 hours
(b) To dismount recoil mechanism Refer to Plate VII
The dismounting of the recoil mechanism should never be undertaken
in the f ield
Four men required one cylinder at a time
Tools neededWrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Buckets Can Screw drivershy U45W gt Wrench single 425 nuts U596D Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower
lt
U596A Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C Wrench recoil cylinders U596B
(1) Elevate the Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plug and drain
liquid from cylinder into buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders
(2) Remove looking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
iod nuts rear
(3) Remove air from recuperator by unscrewing emptying valve on
rear end of recuperator cylinder
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug on the recoil band clears
the end of piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nut front
(5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rod remove follower
gland and packing and screw follower and stuffing box back into the
cylinder
(6) Remove cylinder head weight 174 pounds
(7) Draw piston rod vith piston out through cylinder head end of
cylinder The weight of piston rod vith piston is approximately 392 pounds
care should therefore be used in handling itraquo
(8) Unscrew recoil cylinder and slide cylinder out The cylinder
weighs 628 pounds
(9) Stuffing box follower and leather vasher rray be removed Lockshy
ing screw need not be removed
(c) To Assemble Recoil Mechanism Refer to Plate VII bull
The assembling of the recoil mechanism should never be under
taken in the field
Four men required
Tools needed Wrench recoil cirlinders U596B Screw driver U45S Wrench recoil cylinders U595B Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
- 4 2 shy
Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U595D Screw driver U45W Wrench double 0625 and075 U43F Hand mallet U47AN bull Brass rod 0312 (516) diameter by 12 inches Glycerine and water solution (either new or used) Hydrometer (if solution is new) Filling funnel Can
6 rings of 0375 inch Garlock packing
(1) Insert recoil cylinder in cradle and push i t through until
threads on cylinder come in contact with threads on cradle- Turn cylinder bull
with wrench on flats at stuffing box end until cylinder flange bears fineshy
ly on cradle andnotch in flange at stuffing box end lines up with hole
in cylinder for locking screw
(2) Screw locking screw in cradle
(3) Insert piston rod in cylinder and place leather washer stuffing
box washer stuffing box with gland and follower in place and piston
rod nut (front) on rod when it is pushed through stuffing box end of tcyshy
linder Screw stuffing box in place and ppoundsh piston rod to rear through
recoil band advancing piston rod nut until the distance from the end of
the threaded end of rod to the rear end of cylinder equals 24375- - 001
inches 1
(4) Look the front and rear piston rod nuts
(5) Pack the stuffing box as per instructions erection A division e
(6) With leather washer and recoil cyiinderhead bushing in place
screw on cylinder head v
(7) Fill cylinder vith the glycerine and water solution using f i l l shy
ing funnel prescribed as per instructions section A division d
(d) To Fil l ret oil cylinders Refer to Plate VII
- 4 3 shy
Two men required
Tools needed Wrenchj double 0raquo625 and 075 U43F Pilling Funnel Glycerine and water solution (either new or used)
Hydrometer (if solution is new)
(1) Set Howitzer at 0 degree with recoil band against stops on
cradle and remove filling plugs
(2) In3ert fi l l ing funnel ampnd f i l l to overflowing with solution
of glycerine and water Allow escape of air ref i l l remove funnel and
screw filling plugs tight
(e) To Pack Stuffing Box- Refer to Plate VII
One man required
Tools needed Spanner wrench stuffing box follower- U596A Hand mallet U47AN 60 rings of 0375-inch Garlock packing Screw driver U45W Wrench single 425 nuts U50D Wrench box U423D Brass rod 0312 (5l6) diameter by 12 inches Can
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs and drain
liquid from cylinders to buckets 1625 gallons in both cylinders Elevate
Howitzer to 0 degree elevation
(2) Allow air to escape from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing
exhaust stem in valve rear end of cylindershy
(3) Remove locking screws from piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(4) Slide Howitzer back until the lug 033 the recoil band clears
the end of the piston rod by about 6 inches and take off piston rod nuts
front
-44shy
5) Unscrew stuffing box draw i t off piston rodj remove follower
guand and packing screw stuffing box back into cylinder and discard
any of the packing that is unfit for use If any is used to repack i t
should be put in after new
(6) To repack put on the piston rod one ring of the packing and shy
force i t well to the bottom of the stuffing box by brass rod and malletlaquo
Treat each ring of packing in the same manner beingcareful to break
joints until three rings of new packing or an equal amount of new and
old packing have been inserted Enter the gland and follower in the box
and soreyen up t ight
(7) Screw piston rod nuts (front) on rods slide Howitzer forward
put piston rod nuts (rear) on and add locking screws
(8) Fill recoil cylinder as prescribed in section A division (d)
(9) Fill recuperator cylinder with air as prescribed in-section B
division (d)
The addition of the leather vasher around the piston rod in front
of the stuffing box allows less force to tighten the follower than if it
were the plain packing
The follower should be tightened up from time to time If i t is
screwed into the stuffing box too tightly an unnecessary amount of fricshy
tion will be produced On the rod Hi en the follower is screwed 4n until
the flange strikes the box i t should be repacked
(f) To Clean Recoil Cylinders
This operation should not b3 undertaken in the field
Three men required Tools needed
Wrench double 0525 and 075 U43F Buckets Can bull
Spanner wrench recoil cylinder follower U596A Screv driver U45W Wrench single 4raquo25 nuts U596D Wrench stuffing box and cylinder head U596C
Plumbers hand force pump with hose
(1) Elevate Howitzer 5 degrees remove drain plugs drain liquid
into buckets^ and elevate Howitzer to 0 degree
(2) Remove locking screws frrom piston rod nuts and take off piston
rod nuts rear
(3) Release followers a few turns remove cylinder heads weight
174 pounds each apd draw out piston rods as prescribed in section A
division (b)
(4) Thoroughly clean cylinders vith kerosene oil forced into both
ends with pump and wipe the interiors dry with clean waste Clean the
piston rod and cylinder heads
(5) Replace piston rod cylinder heads and tighten follower Screw
nuts in place on piston rod and lock
SECTION B - Care of Recuperator
(a) In general Refer to plate VIII bull
The recuperator cylinder and plunger should be emptied and reshy
fil led onpe every three months and thoroughly cleaned once every six months
or of tenor if conditions require itlaquo
The liquid in the plunger is the same as that in the recoil
cylinder (See section A division (a) second paragraph)
The in i t ia l pressure of the air$ with Howitzer in lottery should
be 1550 pounds per square inch and of the liquid 1700 pound per equate
inch The pressures are indicated by the pressure gauges on the su^poi-
2 b _ bullbullbull
- 4 6 shy
vith the pump If the pressure of the air is not sufficient to reshy
turn the howitzer to tattdry at maximum elevation 60 degrees and if the
plunger is not full of liquid pump glycerine solution into plunger until
either normal pressure or a full plunger is obtained provided that the
variation from 1550 pounds per square inch is small
If this variation islarge connect the compressed air tank and
raise the pressure in the air chamber The amount of space between the
rear face-of tige washer on the front end of the piston rod and the front
face of the stuffing bampx gland indicates the amount the pistonjhas moved
toward the plunger caused by leakage of the liquid When this distance
equals approximately 5875 inches the piston is resting against the plunger
the plunger must be refilled with liquid before this condition exists or
serious darcage will be done There should always be a space between the
rear face of the washer and the front face of the gland even vhen plunger
is full of liquid Because if the washer is against the gland there is
nothing to indicate that the liquid pressure is balanced by the air pressure
and any excess liquid pressure may damage the piston rod
The pull rod bearings in cradle should always be well lubfcicsated
(b) To Dismount Recuperator Refer to Plate VIIIbull
This operation should never be done in the field unless i t becomes
absolutely necessary The Howitzer must not be elevated while the re-
cup erfi t or is dismounted
Five men required
Tools needed Wrench box U423D Spanner wrench U423E Wrench double 125 and 15 U--33A Screw driver U45AN
- 4 7 shy
Cocket wrench U422G Handle U422H Socket wrenchU422D
bullWrench double 0875 and 1 UltL-3G Wrench U423A Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Screw driver U45AE Socket wrenehi U422C
(1) With the Howitzer at 0 degrees open upper stem on l iquid
valve un t i l l iquid begins to escape then c lose
(2) Depress the Howitzer t o -5 degrees and secure by means of the
muzzle support
(3) Empty a i r from recuperator cylinder by unscrewing both steins
in a i r valve at rear end of cylinder I t i s very important t h a t - a l l the a i r
be allowed to escape before removing any p a r t s
(4) Slack off the front nuts on the large stuffing box at front end
r l recuperator cylinder in order to take the pressure off of the plunger
caused by the pqcking
(5) Push plunger and piston t o the rear with i t s yoke unt i l pul l
rod bushings are uncovered holding pul l rods in the i r original pos i t ion
-(6) Block up under plunger at a point just behind the yoke to
support plunger
(7) Remove lock screw in each yoke bushingbull
(8) Unscrew yoke bushingsbull
(9) Remove pull-rod bracket
(10) Push pul l rods to r ea r
(11) Remove yoke bushings
(12) Pull out the plunger piston rod and yoke which weigh about
500 pounds care being taken t o have these par ts centered at a l l times an
to protect the outer surface of plunger 2 j l lt bull
- 4 8 shy
(13) Remove piston-rod nut washer gland and stuffing box
rivaLl with packing and plunger l ea the r
(14) Draw out piston
(15) Disconnect a i r and liquid piping and remove l iquid valve
(16) Remove plunger protection ring f e l t rusher gland stuffing
box large with packing and plunger leather packing
bullbull(17) Remove set screw in cylinder clamp lock unscrew cylinder
clarnp lock and s l ide cylinder out to rear weight about 895 pounds bullbull
(c) To Assemble Recuperator Refer to Plate VI I I
This operation should never be undertaken in the f ie ld unless i t
becomes absolutely necessary
Five men required-
Tools needed
3 rings flax packing 30D Piston washer leather 30B Spanner wrench U423G Socket wrench U422C Socket wrench U422D Screw driver U45AN Monkey wrench 6-inch U45DA Wrench- U423A Wrench double 087 5 and 1 U43G Socket wrench U422G Handle U422H Screw driver U45AE Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench U423D 10Ting flax packing 27N and 28M 2 leather packing 27H and 28K I ras3 rod 0437 (716) diameter by 12 inches F i l l ing funnel Can 2 tanks of compressed air
-49shy
I (I) Slide cylinder into housing in cradle screw cylinder clamp
lock on front end of cylinder and lock vith set screw Cylinder weights
1040 pounds
() Place stuffing box gland leather packing and felt washer
on plunger and slide to front
(3) Assemble packing gland and washer to piston and place piston
rod in place in plunger
(4) Push piston and plunger into cylinderlaquo
(5) Pack stuffing box large and put nuts on studamp care being
taken to tighten up nuts alternately so packing bears properly (See
division (amp)bull)
(6) Push plunger to the rear screw yoke bushings on pull iods
and slide pull rods in place
(7) Put leather packing and stuffing box small in plunger and
put nuts on studs
(8) Pack stuffing box sir^H place gland in place and screvnuts
on studs care being taken to tighten up nutsalternately so packing
bears uniformly (see division (e)raquo)
(9) Place washer on end of pistorj- rod and screw nut against shoulder
lOJ Bolt liquid valve to cylinder and connect up air and liquid
piping
(II) Fill the plunger vith liquid connect up the air tank and
f i l l the cylinder vith a i r
(d) To f i l l recuperator cylinder Refer to Plate VIII
Five men required
Tools needed
-5Oshy
Box wrench U423A Wrench U423D Can Glycerine and water solution
Two tanks of compressed a i r
(1) Fill plunger with glycerine and water solution by means of
the pump and at the same time letting compressed air into the air chamshy
ber being careful to keep the liquid and air pressures balanced as inshy
dicated by projection of piston rod forward from stuffing box
When plunger is full there should be only a small space be-v
tween front face of stuffing box gland and rear face of washer at front
end of piston rod Never allow these twoitcopy come together
(2) To f i l l the air chamber -the following has to be done- Connect
upoundgt the air tank with the air pipe connection by the copper tubing open
the valve on the tank then open the valve on the air cylinder Two tanks
are usually sufficient to run the air pressure in recuperator cylinder up
to 1700 pounds per square inch others or parts of others may be used if
necessary
(e) To pack stuffing boxes Refer to plate VIIIbull
One ring of packing is placed in stuffing box and forced well
to bottom with braks rod and mallet Treat each ring of packing in the
same manner being careful to break joints until the five rings have been
inserted Nuts on studs should be screwed tight against glandsraquo 1
TOien repacking these stuffing boxes recuperators must be dis-
mounted (see section B division (b) ) sufficiently to get the packing
out -Any of the old packing that is unfit for use should be discarded-
If any of the old is used to repack i t should be put in after the new
The addition of the leather washers around the piston r^d ampi
plunger in the rear of the stuffing boxes allows less fcrcc to tghJ-en
-51shy
the glands than if i t were the plain packing
The nuts around the glands should be tightened from time to time
If the glands are pressed too tightly into the stuffing boxes an unshy
necessary amount of friction will be produced on the plunger and rod When
the glands are pushed in until they strike the stuffing boxes they should
be repacked
(f) To clean recuperator cylinder and plunger Refer to Plate
See Section B division (b)
This should never be undertaken in the field except in case
of absolutenecessity V i x
Dismount the recuperator thoroughly clean the cylinder
and plunger with kerosene o i l forced into them with plunger s force pump
Wipe the^ in te r io rs dry with clean cotton waste Clean the piston and
pis ton rod
SECTION C - CARE OFELEVATING MECHANISM
(a) To Dismoipit the elevating mechanism Refer to p la tes XI and
XII
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0875 and 1 U4-3G Wrench double 125 and 15 U13BA Wrench double 2 and 225 IK-3ATC Wrench pinion shaft and nut 35 U82H SJcrew driver U45AN Screv driver U45AE Machinist s hammer U48F
Pin punch U47AF Blocks of wood
(1) Take hand wheel off and remove brake band
(2) Remove pinion shaft gear from elevating pinion shafts and
bull lt bullbull bull
- 5 2 shy
rmove elevating pinion shaf t
(3) Take off intermediate pinion shaft nut and washer and remove
intermediate pinion shaft) care being taken to see that intermediate gear
13 blocked up
(4) Remove elevating gear p la te with bearings fastened to i t
(5) Remove intermediate gear
(6) Take off handwheel sha f t
(7) Remove rack
(b) To assemble elevating iaechanism
Reverse the operations as outlined in above for dismounting bull
SECTION D - CARE Off TRAVERSING MECHANISM
(a) To dismount t ravers ing mechanism Refer to Plate XIIIbull
Three men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrenoh double 1raquo25 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C Hammer machinists U48FshyPunch pin U47AF
Wrencty double 2 and 225U43AW
(1) Screw out side leveling screw remove sight with sight bracket
from cradle t runnions
(2) Take off gear case cover
(3) Remove pin and co l la r from end of worm shaft and draw i t out
(4) Knock out pins in lower part of ve r t i c a l trqversing shaft
and take off t ravers ing p in ion
(5) Drav shaft with worm vheel up through case push worm to side
of case when s t a r t ing (
- 5 3 shy
(6) Worm may then be removed from case aad case taken off side
of frame worm wheel may also be driven off shaf t
(b) To Assemble t raversing mechanism Refer to p la te XIII
Tnree men required
Tools needed
Wrench double 6375 and 05 U431 Wrench double 0625 and 075 U43F Wrench double 125 and 15 U43BA Wrench double 2raquo and 225 U43AW Hammer machinists U48F Punch pin U47AF
(1) Bolt gear case to side frame and place vnra in pocket in case
(2) Drive worm vheel on shaft and place shaft in pos i t ion i
Worm must be held against wall of case gtS3aen assembling vheel and shaft
(3) Drive pinion on shaft and pin in p lace
(4) Slide worm shaft in place and lock i t vith pin and collar
(5) Bolt cover on case and bolt sight assembled or sight bracket
to t runnions
(6) Connect up leveling screw
SECTION F - CARE OF MMUNITEON CRANE
(a) To dismount ammunition c rane liefer to Dlate XXVII
Men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 pin punch
1 screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 anc 05 U-V3C 1 Wrench double 0625 auc O55 Ir4JF 1 Wrench double 0875-and Xraquo U43C
(l) Remove bolt fastening hoisting ropci to erjd of crime mast and
place bolt back in socket on rope This rejiovss sheave block
- 5 4 shy
sheave and crane hook
(2) Remove intermediate rope guard and sheave from crane mast
(3) Remove lower sheave bracket from crane mast and leave sheave and
rope guard attached to sheave bracket
(4) Unpin crank shaft co l l a r andrunscrew crank shaft n u t s
(5) Remove le f t crank and l e f t crank bushing rIhe crank shaft may
now be withdrawn to the l e f t and the pinion s ratchet and f r i c t ion box
and f r i c t ion disc be l i f t ed out The r ight crank may also be withdrawnbull
(6) Remove s p l i t pinsj drive out drum shaft and l i f t out drum and
gear
(7) Remove drum bracket from crane maftr
(8) Remove crane mast from crane mast pedestal and unbolt pedestal
from platform
(b) To AssembLe Ammunition Crane
Men Required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch
1 Screw driver U45AN 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05 U43C 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075 II43F 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1 U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined above for dismounting in (a)laquo
Note- Care should be taken to see that the bronze and s tee l f r ic t ion
discs are assembled in t h e i r proper order
SECTION El ANTI-FRICTION DEVICE
(a) To Dismount a n t i - f r i c t i o n dev ice Refer t o P la te X
Four men required
Tools needed
Wrench single 175a U43V Wrench spanner U596E So rev driver U45AE
( l ) Unscrew locknut on adjusting screw
(Z) Remove s p l i t pin and nut from bearing support
(3) |Unscrew adjusting screw u n t i l beairinf support i s clear of bearshy
ing s e a t
(4) Remove r o l l e r and bearing s e a t
(5) Remove upper trunnion pin bearing anl key
(6) If t ipping pa r t s are out of side fcraiie bearing the bearing
support can be drawn up through the hole in s ids frame
(7) Bel lev i l le springs and washers can nor be removed
(8) Unscrew adjusting screw nut vith lockwasher attached to ifcraquo
(b) To assemble an t i - f r i c t i on device
Reverse the operation as outlined in afcove for dismounting
SECTION fl - CARE OF TRUCK3
(a) To remove trucks from Mount refer t o P la te XXXII
bull-8 Men required
Tools needed
4 Auxiliary jacks 1 Crowbar 1243A 1 Pinch bar
1 - 7-rinch p l i e r s U47AQ
(1) Remove s p l i t pin from l i ve lever pin a-d ^e7--e l ive lever pin
from rear t ruck lever connection Pl^ce l ino laver iivi i i hoe in 3 ive
lever and inse r t sp l i t pin shy(2) Lift- center pin from eenter p la ie hole usin^ pvrtn bar +y ^^-
-56shy
samej if necessary
(3) Raise mount with jacks as described in Part I Section (L) Divishy
sion (d) until mount is clear of trucks
(4) Shove trucks along until they are clear of mount
(fr) To Disassemble and Assemble Trucks Refer to Plate XXXII
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Wrench double 125 and 15 nuts U43BA 1 Wrench double 875 and I-inch U43G 1 - 7inch Pliers U47AQ 2 Crowbars 1243A Blocking 1 - 16-inch Monkey wrench U45LA lCfir Box Jacking screw with levers 1022C 4 Jacks 25-ton 1 Combination Hook and Packing tool
- 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar
(1) Remove pedestal t i e from both sides of truck replacing bolts in
t ies with nut locks and nuts
(2) Remove cotters from equalizer pins (put cotters in a convenient
place so they can be replaced in pin when same are later removed)
(3) Place jack screw on sectire blocking under inside pedestal castings
of outer wheels and raise truck frame until springs and equalizers are reshy
leased sufficiently for removing
(4) Remove semi-elliptic spring keys which will allow spring to be
removed
(5) Remove pins from equalizers and replace pins in same also replace
cotters (Refer to Art 2)
(6) Remove cotters and nuts from Helical spring bolts then remove
bolts and replace nuts and cotters Also remove springs and spring seats 33176
i
- 5 7 shy
7) Place car jack on secure blocking under serai-elliptic spring
soat and raise truck frame sufficient to remove wheels and journal boxes
(Snail jack screws and blocking can now be removed)
(8) Push end wheels with journal boxes away from truck framebull
(9) Disconnect bottom connection rod from both front and rear truck
levers and replace connection pins in their respective places in rods
(lltQ) Remove rear truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole from which it was taken in brajfce beam
( l l ) Disconnect front truck lever from dead lever bracket and replace
connection piniiin dead lever bracket
(12)) Disconnect dead lever bracket from dead lever fulcrum bracket and
replace connection pin in dead lever bracket
(13) Remove front truck lever from brake beam and replace connection pin
in hole in brake beam
(14) Pull out brake shoe keys and remove brake beams and brake shoes
(15) Remove brake shoe hangers from side frames and replace hunger bolts
with keys in hangers
(16) Place blocking under pedestal casting of end wheels at either end
of truck most convenient and remove the car jacks near the end so blocked
by unscrewing jacks so as to allow frame to rest on blocking This will
permit moving center wheel with boxes intorposition formerly occupied by
aid wheels
(17) Replace ca^r jacks under semi-elliptic spring seats as before and
raise this end so as to release load of frame from blocking at end
(18) Remove end-blocking and push wheels away from frame
(19) Open journal box doors and remove journal box packing with hook
and packing tool 2SI16
-58shy
(20) Tilt the outer ends of the boxes up until bearing wedge and bearshy
nings can be removed remove wedges and take beardiigs out Then remove
boxes
(21) To Assemble Trucks Reverse the process just described
(c) To Pack Journal Boxes
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hook nd Packing Tool Bucket or Tin can of 3 to 5 gallons capacity Galena Oil bull I
Wool or Cotton Waste
(1) With hook and packing tool remove waste also all particles of
sand and gr i t from journal boxes
(2) In the bucket or tin can place enough waste to pack the number of
journal boxes to be packed wool waste is preferable but cotton waste
will do and saturate with Galena Oil
(3) With hook and pacafcing tool pack the oil saturated waste firmly
into the lower section of the Journal Boxes Note - The life of the journal
bearings will be considerably lengthened and the trouble arising from
burned out bearings will be reduced to a minimum if regular inspections be
made of the journal box packing If the car is to be moved a considerable
distance especially after having stood in one place for any length of
time i t i s vrell to see that a l l boxes are well packed with oil saturated
wasted Care should be taken to see that the covers are kept closed and
promptly replaced where broken or lost in order to keep out as much as
possible a l l sand and gri t
(d) To Replace Journal Bearings
Two men required 73V 6
Tools needed
1 Pinch Bar 1 Car Box Jacking Screw 1 Hook and Packing Tool
(1) With car body jacks ra ise car body about two inches
(2) With car box jacking screw ra ise the journal box from which the
bearing i s to be removed about two incheslaquo
(3) Raise journal box cover and remove bearing wedge with hook withshy
draw bearing
(4) Put new bearing in posit ion and replace bearing wedge pack journal
box packing firmly around lower half of journal and be certain that ijournal
bearing and wedge are properly seated
(e) To Place Trucks Under ca r
Reverse procedure outlined in Part I I Section G Division (a)laquo
SECTION- H - CARE OF TRUCKS
(ai To Disassemble Air Brake Refer to plates XIX apid XX bull
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch P l i e r s U47 AQ 1 Pinch Bar 1 Wrench double raquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U45DA 1 S t i l l s on Pipe wrench -25 and 25- inches 637D 1 Wrench double 083 5 and 1-inch riutsU43G 1 Wrench^ double Olaquo625 and 0laquo75-inch nutsfU43F
1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nutsU43^euro
(1) Disconnect hand brake pullrod and brake cylinder leyer connection
from brake cylinder lever and replace connection pin in end of pullrod
(2) Disconnect f loating lever connection from f loat ing lever and re shy
place connection pin in f loat ing lever connection 23176
- 6 0
Disconnect l i ve lever from f loat ing lever and replaco pin in l ive
lever
(4) Unbolt and remove cylinder lever fulcrumfrom center s i l l and re shy
place bolts in t h e i r respective holes in center s i l l and remove cylinder
lever from cylinder lever fulcrum
(5) Disconnect brake cylinder pushrod from cylinder lever and replace
connection pin in end of pushrod disconnect f loat ing lever from floating
lever fulcrum and replace pin in f loating levershy
(6) Unbolt and remove f loat ing lever fulcrum from under side of floor
p la te and replace bolts in fulcrum
(7) Disconnect union on cross pipe between cylinder and reservoir and
remove pipe
(8) Unbolt and remove brake cylinder from support and replace bolts
in support bull
bullbull(9) Disconnect pipes and e l l s from reservoir tha t connect with cross
pipe t o cylinder
(10) Unbolt t r i p l e valve from reservoir
(11) Unbolt and remove reservoir from supports replacing bol ts
(X2) Remove t r i p l e valve
(13) Unscrew pipe3A-
(14) Remove centrifugal d i r t col lector
(15) Remove elbow and pipe GA
(16) Unscrew pige AA from cut out cock and remove self-locking cutshy
out cock No 2135 vith upper pipe AA from 125 t e o
(17) Remove upper pipe AA from cut out cock
23176
(18) Remove V bolt in end s i l l and unccrew self~lockng nngle cck
No 22413
(19) Unscrew pipe R from coupling leaving coupling en pipe SMlaquo
(20) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe S from 125 e l l and leave
e l l on pipe T
(21) Remove pipe T11 from 125 ampee and leave tee on pipe U
(22) Unscrew pipe U from e l l and leave e l l on pipeVi4
(23) Remove pipe hanger and unscrew pipe W from elbregw and leave
elbow on pipe X
(24) Unscrew pipe nX with drain cock from pipe HZ
Note- If i t i s desired to disassemble the complete a i r brake equipment
on mount repeat the above operation for disassembling the mechaniftzft under
the other end of the mount
(b) To Disassemble-land Assemble Handbrakes Refer to Plate XIX and XX-
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0625 and 0raquo7pound-inch nutsU43F
(1) Disconnect handbrake pul l rod from cylinder lever qt3 replace
connection pin in end of rod
(2) Remove handbrake sheave from handbrake pul l rod take chain from
around sheave and fasten sheave back in rod jaws with p in
(3) Unbolt and remove pu l l rod hanger and replace bolts in hanger
(4) Remove pul l rod
(5) Disconnect handbrake chain from brake mast step and brake mast
23176
-62shy
(6) Unbolt and remove brake mast step and replace bolts on mast s t e p p pR b(7(7)) Remove brake mast with handwheel and ratchet attached
c) gtv To Assemble Air Brake Refer to Plates XIX and XX
Three men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 75 gad 1-inch U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch l)47DA 1 St i l l son Pipe Wrench 25 to 25 inches 637D 1 Wrench double 0625 and 075-inch nuts U43F 1 Wrench double 0375 and 05-inch nuts U43G 1 Wrench double 0875 and 1-inch nuts U43G
Reverse procedure as outlined in Section H division ( a )
(d) To clean and Oil Brake Cylinder Refer to p la te XXIX
Two men required
Tools needed
1 - 7-inch p l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch bar 1 Wrench double 625 and 0875-inch nuts U153E 1 Wrench monkey 6-inch U47DA
(1) Disconnect pushrod from cylinder l ever
(2) Remove bolts connecting cylinder to brake cylinder brake and re shy
move pipes connecting cylinder to rese rvo i r
(3) Remove piston head
(4) With kerosene o i l thoroughly clean and remove a l l pa r t i c l es of
sand and g r i t from piston piston r ing and inside of cyl inder
(5) Oil piston lea ther in pis ton with heavy o i l or l igh t grease
(6) Put piston back in cylinder and replace whole on c a r
(9) To clean and o i l t r i p l e valvo K--2 Refer to Pla te XXXIII
Two men required
Tools needed 23176
O
l bull
1 Stillson Pipe Wrench 25 to- 2 5~inchesf 637D i Hamroerj U48F 1-7-inch pliers U47AQ 1 Wrench double laquo75 and 1-inch nuts U153G 1 Wrench monkey 6-inchj U47DA 1 Wrench double raquo375 and 5-inch nuts U153B
(1) Disconnect branch pipe union and remove branch pipe from tr iple valve
(2) Dplusmnggt$ pinealtriple valve f roiaauxiliary valvalaquo
(3) Unscrev union nut 17 and remove strainer 16 bull
(4) Unscrev graduating stem nut 20 and remove graduating spring 22raquo
(5) Remove nut from bolts 24 and take off cylinder cap 19 and- cylinder
cap gasket 23
(6) Withdraw piston and slide valve from casing
(7) Remove cap screws 25 and take off check valve case 13 and emergency
valve 9
(8) Remove piston 8laquo
(9) Remove emergency valve 10 and check valve 15raquo
(10) Unscrev retarding device 29 and remove retarding spring 33 and
stem 31bull
(11) Clean a l l parts thoroughly with kerosene oilraquo Using oil sparingly
oil t r iple piston and surface between slide valve and slide valve seat Also
surface between graduating valve and slide valve
(12) Assemble by reversing procedures as outlined above and replace
t r ip le valve in position
(f) To Clean Centrifugal Dirt Collector Refer to Plate XXXI
One man required
Tools needed None
( l) Open cock at bottom of collector until a l l particles of sand
dir t and water are blovn out
23176
-64shy
(g) To Take Up Shoo Wear
Oncopy man required
Tools needed
1 P l i e r s U47AQ 1 Hammer U48F 1 Pinch b a r
(1) Release brakes both hand and air
(2) Disconnect front t ruck lever from dead lever bracket move front
t ruck lever out un t i l the rear t ruck lever wi l l not go back to less than
15-inchear from the t ruck bo ls te r and remake connection in proper hole in
dead lever bracket
(3) If necessary the shoes can be set up t i gh t e r by moving the front
t ruck lever to the end holes Of the bottom connection rod
(m) To Replace Brake Shoes Refer to Plate XXXII
One man required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U47AM 1 Pinch Bar
(1) Release brakes both hand and a i r -
(2) Withdraw brake shoe keys take out worn shoes and replace with
new ones
SECTIOIj I shy CARE OF JACKS
(a) To Disassemble screw jacks Refer to Plate XXV
Two men required
Tools needed
1 Hammer U48F 1 Pin punch 1 Wrench double1 Wrench double^
125 and 15 U43G 0625 and 075 U43F
23176
-65shy
(1) Unscrew lower jack pinion stud nut and remove ratchet and pawl
with housing bull
(2) Remove upper jack pinion stud nut and take out jack pinion stud
with jack pinion attached
(3) Remove jack screw nut and let jack and ram rest against guide
(4) Take washers and screw gear off of screw
(5) Remove stop from ram and guide from base plate
(6) Remove screw and ram
Note- In order to remove screw and ram i t is necessary to run the mount
over a pi t or dig a hole in the ground
(b) To Assemble screw jacks reverse the operations outlined above for
disassembling
(c) Care and Oilijig of Jaciss
The jacks should be lubricated frequently To do ifcis a steel
compression grease cup is screwed into the stop on the ram This cup should
nevor be without grease in i t The jack levers should be removed and placshy
ed in some convenient place on the platform
(d) Care of Auxiliary Jacks
When not in use the auxiliary jacks should be placed under the
ammunition table The bearings of the jack should be kept well oiled and the
main lifting screw and the teeth of the gears should be lubrioated vith
heavy grease when necessary to make jacks work easily
PART I I I
SECTION A PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED BEFORE FIRING
(a) This carriage is designed to be fired from 20 to 60 degrees elevashy
tion do not fire it below 20 degrees
23176
-66shy
(b) Fold up platform at breech of Howitzer
(c) Take reading at liquid pressure gauge this reading should be 1700
pounds per squre inch a small amount of liquid will leak out each round
and is replaced by means of the pump
(d) Take reading^at air pressure gauge this reading should be 1550
pounds per square inch
(e) The distance the recuperator piston rod moves indicates liquid leakshy
ing at the packing and the rod should never be allowed to stand out past
the gland more than 5laquo875 inches
(f) Traverse gun through entire allowed movement to nampke sure that all
parts work freely
(g) Elevate Howitzer through entire range of elevation to see that all
parts work freely
(h) Make sure that a l l nuts tap bolts and screws on elevating mechanism
traversing mechanism panoramic sight and elevation quadrant are set up
properly
(i) Make an inspection of recoil and counter recoil systems to see
thqfc they are properly assembled especially after the Howitzer has been
dismounted from the oradle
(k) See that the outriggers are set securely
(l) See that the underframing of the mount has a uniform bearing on
the ground platform
(m) Make sure that the recoil cylinder is properly fi l led
(n) All brakes should be released
23176
-67shy
TOBE_OBSERVED BEFORE TRAVELLING
(a) see that a l l equipment to be carried on the mount is properly
Secured and that none of i t projects out past the clearance l ine
(b) Depress gun to 0 degree elevation and traverse i t to 0 degrees
azimuth and fasten gun with travelling lock
(c) Remove panoramic telescope place i t in carrying case and store
in secure place
(d) An inspection should be n^de of journal boxes to see that they
are properly packed and that the bearings have not worn down too much
(e) An inspection should be made also of the brake shoes and mechshy
anism If there is too much play between the brake shoes and wheels
the wear should be taken up in the brake mechanism or the brake shoes
replaced with1 nev ones
(f) Be sure that the complete set of tools areoOn hand
(g) See that buffers and couplings are in proper working condition
PART V
TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF 12-INCH HOWITZER RAILWAY MOUNT MODEL OF 1918
Length of reco i l normal 36 max 375
Angle of Elevation ( f i r i n g 4 2 0 to46O o
ti laquo Depression - 5 loading
it laquo t raverse 360deg
Weight of recoi l ing pa r t s (empty) - 49188
n t ipping 64533(Loaded 65333)
Weight of Car including base p la te 102880
Length over draft Gear - 42 f t 2 i n approx
Total weight of trucks (two) 30000 l b s
-68shy
Type of trucks 6-wheel - 55 x 10 journals
Diameter of vheels 28 in
Weight of t ravers ing parts with gun (Empty) 92353
Total weight on t rack - 19 5 243 bull
Weight of gun including recoi l band amp breech mech bull 47f239
Muzzle Velocity 1950 f s
Range 21600 yds (Approx)
Wt Pro jec t i l e 700 l b s
Wt Povder 95
Chamber pressure 37000 l b s
Muzzle energy 18474 f t tons
Total rod pul l a t 60deg - 348766 l b s
per qxle a t t rack (front) 35931 l b s
laquo n ti ti ( rea r ) 29150 M
23176
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Syracuse N Y PAT JAN 21 1908
