-
KNOTT’S
HANDBOOK FOR
VEGETABLE GROWERS
FIFTH EDITION
Knott’s Handbook for Vegetable Growers, Fifth Edition. D. N.
Maynard and G. J. Hochmuth© 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN:
978-0-471-73828-2
-
KNOTT’S
HANDBOOK FORVEGETABLE GROWERS
FIFTH EDITION
DONALD N. MAYNARD
University of FloridaWimauma, Florida
GEORGE J. HOCHMUTH
University of FloridaGainesville, Florida
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
-
This book is printed on acid-free paper. ��
Copyright � 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights
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Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:Maynard,
Donald N., 1932–
Knott’s handbook for vegetable growers / Donald N. Maynard.
George J.Hochmuth.—5th ed.
p. cm.Includes bibliographical references.ISBN-13:
978-0471-73828-2ISBN-10: 0-471-73828-X
1. Truck farming—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2.
Vegetables—Handbooks,manuals, etc. 3. Vegetable
gardening—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title:Handbook for vegetable
growers. II. Hochmuth, George J. (George Joseph) III.Knott, James
Edward, 1897– Handbook for vegetable growers. IV. Title.
SB321.M392 2006635—dc22
2006000893
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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CONTENTS
PREFACE xiii
PART 1—VEGETABLES AND THE VEGETABLEINDUSTRY 1
01 BOTANICAL NAMES OF VEGETABLESNAMES OF VEGETABLES IN
NINELANGUAGES
02 EDIBLE FLOWERS
03 U.S. VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
04 CONSUMPTION OF VEGETABLES IN THEU.S.
05 WORLD VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
06 NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OFVEGETABLES
PART 2—PLANT GROWING AND GREENHOUSEVEGETABLE PRODUCTION 55
TRANSPLANT PRODUCTION
01 PLANT GROWING CONTAINERS
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vi
02 SEEDS AND SEEDING
03 TEMPERATURE AND TIMEREQUIREMENTS
04 PLANT GROWING MIXES
05 SOIL STERILIZATION
06 FERTILIZING AND IRRIGATINGTRANSPLANTS
07 PLANT GROWING PROBLEMS
08 CONDITIONING TRANSPLANTS
09 ADDITIONAL TRANSPLANTPRODUCTION WEBSITES ANDREFERENCES
GREENHOUSE CROP PRODUCTION
10 CULTURAL MANAGEMENT
11 CARBON DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT
12 SOILLESS CULTURE
13 NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS
14 TISSUE COMPOSITION
15 ADDITIONAL SOURCES OFINFORMATION ON GREENHOUSEVEGETABLES
PART 3—FIELD PLANTING 103
01 TEMPERATURES FOR VEGETABLES
02 SCHEDULING SUCCESSIVE PLANTINGS
03 TIME REQUIRED FOR SEEDLINGEMERGENCE
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vii
04 SEED REQUIREMENTS
05 PLANTING RATES FOR LARGE SEEDS
06 SPACING OF VEGETABLES
07 PRECISION SEEDING
08 SEED PRIMING
09 VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
10 POLYETHYLENE MULCHES
11 ROW COVERS
12 WINDBREAKS
13 ADDITIONAL SOURCES OFINFORMATION ON PLASTICULTURE
PART 4—SOILS AND FERTILIZERS 143
01 NUTRIENT BEST MANAGEMENTPRACTICES
02 ORGANIC MATTER
03 SOIL-IMPROVING CROPS
04 MANURES
05 SOIL TEXTURE
06 SOIL REACTION
07 SALINITY
08 FERTILIZERS
09 FERTILIZER CONVERSION FACTORS
10 NUTRIENT ABSORPTION
11 PLANT ANALYSIS
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viii
12 SOIL TESTS
13 NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES
14 MICRONUTRIENTS
15 FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTORS
PART 5—WATER AND IRRIGATION 249
01 SUGGESTIONS ON SUPPLYING WATERTO VEGETABLES
02 ROOTING OF VEGETABLES
03 SOIL MOISTURE
04 SURFACE IRRIGATION
05 OVERHEAD IRRIGATION
06 DRIP OR TRICKLE IRRIGATION
07 WATER QUALITY
PART 6—VEGETABLE PESTS AND PROBLEMS 309
01 AIR POLLUTION
02 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
03 SOIL SOLARIZATION
04 PESTICIDE USE PRECAUTIONS
05 PESTICIDE APPLICATION ANDEQUIPMENT
06 VEGETABLE SEED TREATMENT
07 NEMATODES
08 DISEASES
09 INSECTS
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ix
10 PEST MANAGEMENT IN ORGANICPRODUCTION SYSTEMS
11 WILDLIFE CONTROL
PART 7—WEED MANAGEMENT 389
01 WEED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
02 WEED IDENTIFICATION
03 NOXIOUS WEEDS
04 WEED CONTROL IN ORGANIC FARMING
05 COVER CROPS AND ROTATION IN WEEDMANAGEMENT
06 HERBICIDES
07 WEED CONTROL RECOMMENDATIONS
PART 8—HARVESTING, HANDLING,AND STORAGE 401
01 FOOD SAFETY
02 GENERAL POSTHARVEST HANDLINGPROCEDURES
03 PREDICTING HARVEST DATES ANDYIELDS
04 COOLING VEGETABLES
05 VEGETABLE STORAGE
06 CHILLING AND ETHYLENE INJURY
07 POSTHARVEST DISEASES
08 VEGETABLE QUALITY
09 U.S. STANDARDS FOR VEGETABLES
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x
10 MINIMALLY PROCESSED VEGETABLES
11 CONTAINERS FOR VEGETABLES
12 VEGETABLE MARKETING
PART 9—VEGETABLE SEEDS 503
01 SEED LABELS
02 SEED GERMINATION TESTS
03 SEED GERMINATION STANDARDS
04 SEED PRODUCTION
05 SEED YIELDS
06 SEED STORAGE
07 VEGETABLE VARIETIES
08 VEGETABLE SEED SOURCES
PART 10—APPENDIX 541
01 SOURCES OF VEGETABLEINFORMATION
02 PERIODICALS FOR VEGETABLEGROWERS
03 U.S. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
04 CONVERSION FACTORS FOR U.S. UNITS
05 METRIC UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
06 CONVERSION FACTORS FOR SI ANDNON SI UNITS
07 CONVERSIONS FOR RATES OFAPPLICATION
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xi
08 WATER AND SOIL SOLUTIONCONVERSION FACTORS
09 HEAT AND ENERGY EQUIVALENTS ANDDEFINITIONS
INDEX 565
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PREFACE
The pace of change in our personal and business livescontinues
to accelerate at an ever increasing rate.Accordingly, it is
necessary to periodically updateinformation in a long-running
reference such as Handbookfor Vegetable Growers. Our goal in this
revision is to provideup-to-date information on vegetable crops for
growers,students, extension personnel, crop consultants, and
allthose concerned with commercial production and marketingof
vegetables.
Where possible, information in the Fourth Edition hasbeen
updated or replaced with current information. Newtechnical
information has been added on World VegetableProduction, Best
Management Practices, Organic CropProduction, Food Safety,
Pesticide Safety, PostharvestDiseases, and Minimally Processed
Vegetables. The Internethas become a valuable source of information
since 1997.Hundreds of websites relating to vegetables are included
inthis edition and are available online at
www.wiley.com/college/Knotts.
We are grateful to our colleagues who have providedmaterials,
reviewed portions of the manuscript, andencouraged us in this
revision. We especially acknowledgethe assistance of Brian Benson,
California Asparagus Seedand Transplants, Inc.; George Boyhan,
University of Georgia;
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xiv
Wallace Chasson, Florida Department of Agriculture andConsumer
Services; Steve Grattan, University of California;Tim Hartz,
University of California; Richard Hassell,Clemson University; Larry
Hollar, Hollar and Company;Adel Kader, University of California;
Tom Moore, Harris-Moran Seed Co.; Stu Pettygrove, University of
California;Steven Sargent, University of Florida; Pieter
Vandenberg,Seminis Vegetable Seeds; and Jim Watkins, Nunhems
USA.
We appreciate the outstanding assistance provided byWiley editor
Jim Harper, Senior Production Editor MillieTorres, and the
attention to details and good humor in thepreparation of this
manuscript by Gail Maynard.
We hope that Handbook for Vegetable Growers willcontinue to be
the timely and useful reference for those withinterest in vegetable
crops envisioned by Dr. J. E. Knottwhen it was first published in
1956. James E. Knott (1897–1977) was a Massachusetts native. He
earned a B.S. degreeat Rhode Island State College and an M.S. and
Ph.D. atCornell University. After distinguished faculty
andadministrative service at Pennsylvania State College andCornell
University he moved to the University of California,Davis, where he
was administrator of the Vegetable CropsDepartment from 1940 to
1964. The department grew innumbers and stature to be one of the
world’s best vegetablecenters. Dr. Knott was president of the
American Society forHorticultural Science in 1948 and was made a
Fellow in1965.
Oscar A. Lorenz (1914–1994), senior author of the SecondEdition
(1980) and the Third Edition (1988) of Handbook forVegetable
Growers, was a native of Colorado. He earned aB.S. degree from
Colorado State College and a Ph.D. fromCornell University before
joining the University ofCalifornia, Davis faculty in 1941. For the
next 41 years hewas an esteemed scientist and administrator at both
theRiverside and Davis campuses. His research on vegetable
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xv
crops nutrition was the first to establish the
relationshipbetween soil fertility, leaf nutrient composition, and
yield.This concept has been used successfully by growersthroughout
the world. Oscar was recognized as a Fellow ofthe American Society
for Horticultural Science and of theAmerican Society of Agronomy
and Soil Science Society ofAmerica, and received numerous industry
awards. He was afriend to all and a personal mentor to me.
(DNM)
DONALD N. MAYNARDGEORGE J. HOCHMUTH
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PART 1VEGETABLES AND THEVEGETABLE INDUSTRY
01 BOTANICAL NAMES OF VEGETABLESNAMES OF VEGETABLES IN NINE
LANGUAGES
02 EDIBLE FLOWERS
03 U.S. VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
04 CONSUMPTION OF VEGETABLES IN THE U.S.
05 WORLD VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
06 NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF VEGETABLES
Knott’s Handbook for Vegetable Growers, Fifth Edition. D. N.
Maynard and G. J. Hochmuth© 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN:
978-0-471-73828-2
-
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tin
ued
)
Bot
anic
alN
ame
Com
mon
Nam
eE
dibl
eP
lan
tP
art
Alp
inia
gala
nga
(L.)
Sw
.G
reat
erga
lan
gal
Flo
ral
spro
ut
and
flow
er,
ten
der
shoo
t,rh
izom
eC
urc
um
alo
nga
L.
Tu
rmer
icR
hiz
ome
Cu
rcu
ma
zed
oari
a(C
hri
stm
.)R
osco
eL
ong
zedo
ary
Rh
izom
eZ
ingi
ber
mio
ga(T
hu
nb.
)R
osco
eJa
pan
ese
wil
dgi
nge
rR
hiz
ome,
ten
der
shoo
t,le
af,
flow
erZ
ingi
ber
offi
cin
ale
Ros
coe
Gin
ger
Rh
izom
ean
dte
nde
rsh
oot
Div
isio
nA
nth
oph
yta
Cla
ssD
ioco
tyle
don
sA
can
thac
eae
AC
AN
TH
US
FA
MIL
YJu
stic
iain
sula
ris
T.A
nd.
Tet
tuYo
un
gsh
oot,
leaf
,ro
otR
un
gia
klos
sii
S.
Moo
reR
un
gia
Lea
fA
izoa
ceae
CA
RP
ET
WE
ED
FA
MIL
YM
esem
brya
nth
emu
mcr
ysta
llin
um
L.
Ice
plan
tL
eaf
Tet
rago
nia
tetr
agon
iod
es(P
all.)
O.
Ku
ntz
eN
ewZ
eala
nd
spin
ach
Ten
der
shoo
tan
dle
afA
mar
anth
acea
eA
MA
RA
NT
HF
AM
ILY
Alt
ern
anth
era
phil
oxer
oid
es(M
arti
us)
Gri
seb.
All
igat
orw
eed,
Jose
ph’s
coat
You
ng
top
Alt
ern
anth
era
sess
ilis
(L.)
R.
Br.
Ses
sile
alte
rnan
ther
aYo
un
gto
p
-
7
Am
aran
thu
ssp
p.A
mar
anth
us,
tam
pala
Ten
der
shoo
t,le
af,
spro
ute
dse
edC
elos
iasp
p.C
ocks
com
bL
eaf
and
ten
der
shoo
tA
piac
eae
CA
RR
OT
FA
MIL
YA
nge
lica
arch
ange
lica
L.
An
geli
caT
ende
rsh
oot
and
leaf
An
geli
cake
iske
i(M
iq.)
Koi
dz.
Japa
nes
ean
geli
caT
ende
rsh
oot
and
leaf
An
thri
scu
sce
refo
liu
m(L
.)H
offm
.C
her
vil
Lea
fA
piu
mgr
aveo
len
sL
.va
r.d
ulc
e(M
ill.)
Per
s.C
eler
yP
etio
le,
leaf
Api
um
grav
eole
ns
L.
var.
rapa
ceu
m(M
ill.)
Gau
d.C
eler
iac,
turn
ip-r
oote
dce
lery
Roo
t,le
afA
rrac
acia
xan
thor
rhiz
aB
ancr
oft
Arr
acac
ha,
Per
uvi
anca
rrot
Roo
tC
ente
lla
asia
tica
(L.)
Urb
anA
siat
icpe
nn
ywor
tL
eaf
and
stol
onC
hae
roph
yllu
mbu
lbos
um
L.
Tu
bero
us
cher
vil
Roo
tC
oria
nd
rum
sati
vum
L.
Cor
ian
der
Lea
fan
dse
edC
rypt
otae
nia
japo
nic
aH
assk
.Ja
pan
ese
hor
nw
ort
Lea
fD
aucu
sca
rota
L.
subs
p.sa
tivu
s(H
offm
.)A
rcan
g.C
arro
tR
oot
and
leaf
Foe
nic
ulu
mvu
lgar
eva
r.az
oric
um
(Mil
ler)
Th
ell.
Fen
nel
Lea
fF
oen
icu
lum
vulg
are
var.
du
lce
Fio
riF
lore
nce
fen
nel
Lea
fba
seG
leh
nia
litt
oral
isF.
Sch
m.
Coa
stal
gleh
nia
Lea
f,st
em,
root
Hyd
roco
tyle
sibt
hor
pioi
des
Lam
.H
ydro
coty
leYo
un
gsh
oot
and
leaf
Myr
rhis
odor
ata
(L.)
Sco
p.G
arde
nm
yrrh
Lea
f,ro
ot,
and
seed
Oen
anth
eja
van
ica
(Blu
me)
DC
.su
bsp.
java
nic
aO
rien
tal
cele
ry,
wat
erdr
opw
ort
Lea
fan
dte
nde
rsh
oot
Pas
tin
aca
sati
vaL
.P
arsn
ipR
oot
and
leaf
Pet
rose
lin
um
cris
pum
(Mil
l.)N
ym.
var.
cris
pum
Par
sley
Lea
fP
etro
seli
nu
mcr
ispu
m(M
ill.)
Nym
.tu
bero
sum
Tu
rnip
-roo
ted
pars
ley
Roo
tan
dle
afP
etro
seli
nu
mcr
ispu
m(M
ill.)
Nym
.va
r.n
eapo
lita
nu
mIt
alia
npa
rsle
yL
eaf
Siu
msi
saru
mL
.S
kirr
etR
oot
Ara
liac
eae
AR
AL
IAF
AM
ILY
Ara
lia
cord
ata
Th
un
b.S
pike
nar
dT
ende
rsh
oot
-
8
TA
BL
E1.
1.B
OT
AN
ICA
LN
AM
ES
,CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
S,A
ND
ED
IBL
EP
AR
TS
OF
PL
AN
TS
US
ED
AS
VE
GE
TA
BL
ES
(Con
tin
ued
)
Bot
anic
alN
ame
Com
mon
Nam
eE
dibl
eP
lan
tP
art
Ara
lia
elat
aS
eem
anJa
pan
ese
aral
iaYo
un
gle
afA
ster
acea
eS
UN
FL
OW
ER
FA
MIL
YA
rcti
um
lapp
aL
.E
dibl
ebu
rdoc
kR
oot,
peti
ole
Art
emis
iad
racu
ncu
lus
L.
var.
sati
vaL
.F
ren
chta
rrag
onL
eaf
Art
emis
iain
dic
aW
illd
.var
.m
axim
owic
zii
(Nak
ai)
Har
aM
ugw
ort
Lea
f
Ast
ersc
aber
Th
un
b.A
ster
Lea
fB
iden
spi
losa
L.
Bu
rm
arig
old
You
ng
shoo
tan
dle
afC
hry
san
them
um
spp.
Edi
ble
chry
san
them
um
Lea
fan
dte
nde
rsh
oot
Cic
hor
ium
end
ivia
L.
En
dive
,es
caro
leL
eaf
Cic
hor
ium
inty
bus
L.
Ch
icor
y,w
itlo
ofch
icor
yL
eaf
Cir
siu
md
ipsa
cole
pis
(Max
im.)
Mat
sum
.G
obou
azam
iR
oot
Cos
mos
cau
dat
us
Ku
nth
Cos
mos
Lea
fan
dyo
un
gsh
oot
Cra
ssoc
eph
alu
mbi
afra
e(O
liv.
etH
iern
)S
.M
oore
Sie
rra
Leo
ne
bolo
gni
You
ng
shoo
tan
dle
afC
rass
ocep
hal
um
crep
idio
des
(Ben
th.)
S.
Moo
reH
awks
bear
dve
lvet
plan
tYo
un
gsh
oot
and
leaf
Cyn
ara
card
un
culu
sL
.C
ardo
onP
etio
leC
ynar
asc
olym
us
L.
Glo
bear
tich
oke
Imm
atu
refl
ower
bud
Em
ilia
son
chif
olia
(L.)
DC
.E
mil
ia,
fals
eso
wth
istl
eYo
un
gsh
oot
and
leaf
En
ydra
flu
ctu
ans
Lou
r.B
uff
alo
spin
ach
You
ng
shoo
tan
dle
afF
arfu
giu
mja
pon
icu
m(L
.)K
itam
ura
Japa
nes
efa
rfu
giu
mP
etio
leF
edia
corn
uco
piae
DC
.H
orn
ofpl
enty
,Afr
ican
vale
rian
Lea
f
-
9
Gal
inso
gapa
rvifl
ora
Cav
.G
alin
soga
You
ng
shoo
tG
ynu
rabi
colo
rD
C.
Gyn
ura
You
ng
leaf
Hel
ian
thu
stu
bero
sus
L.
Jeru
sale
mar
tich
oke
Tu
ber
Lac
tuca
ind
ica
L.
Indi
anle
ttu
ceL
eaf
Lac
tuca
sati
vaL
.va
r.as
para
gin
aB
aile
yA
spar
agu
sle
ttu
ce,
celt
uce
Ste
mL
actu
casa
tiva
L.
var.
capi
tata
L.
Hea
dle
ttu
ce,
butt
erh
ead
lett
uce
Lea
f
Lac
tuca
sati
vaL
.va
r.lo
ngi
foli
aL
am.
Rom
ain
ele
ttu
ce,
leaf
lett
uce
Lea
fL
aun
aea
tara
xaci
foli
a(W
illd
.)A
min
exC
.Je
ffre
yW
ild
lett
uce
Lea
fP
etas
ites
japo
nic
us
(Sie
b.&
Zu
cc.)
Max
im.
Bu
tter
bur
Pet
iole
Pol
ymn
iaso
nch
ifol
iaP
oepp
.&
En
dl.
Yaco
nst
raw
berr
yR
oot
Sco
lym
us
his
pan
icu
sL
.G
olde
nth
istl
eR
oot
and
leaf
Sco
lym
us
mac
ula
tus
L.
Spo
tted
gard
enth
istl
eL
eaf
Sco
rzon
era
his
pan
ica
L.
Bla
cksa
lsif
yR
oot
and
leaf
Son
chu
sol
erac
eus
L.
Mil
kth
istl
e,so
wth
istl
eL
eaf
Spi
lan
thes
acm
ella
(L.)
Mu
rr.
Bra
zil
cres
sYo
un
gle
afS
pila
nth
esci
liat
aH
BK
Gu
asca
You
ng
leaf
Spi
lan
thes
iaba
dic
ensu
sA
.H.
Moo
reG
etan
gYo
un
gle
afan
dfl
ower
shoo
tS
pila
nth
espa
nic
ula
taW
all
exD
C.
Get
ang
You
ng
leaf
and
flow
ersh
oot
Str
uch
ium
spar
gan
oph
ora
(L.)
O.
Ktz
e.B
itte
rle
afYo
un
gsh
oot
Tar
axac
um
offi
cin
ale
Wig
gers
Dan
deli
onL
eaf,
root
Tra
gopo
gon
porr
ifol
ius
L.
Sal
sify
,veg
etab
leoy
ster
Roo
tan
dyo
un
gle
afT
rago
pogo
npr
aten
sis
L.
Goa
tsbe
ard,
mea
dow
sals
ify
You
ng
root
and
shoo
tV
ern
onia
amyg
dal
ina
Del
ile.
Bit
ter
leaf
You
ng
shoo
tB
asel
lace
aeB
AS
EL
LA
FA
MIL
Y
-
10
TA
BL
E1.
1.B
OT
AN
ICA
LN
AM
ES
,CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
S,A
ND
ED
IBL
EP
AR
TS
OF
PL
AN
TS
US
ED
AS
VE
GE
TA
BL
ES
(Con
tin
ued
)
Bot
anic
alN
ame
Com
mon
Nam
eE
dibl
eP
lan
tP
art
Bas
ella
alba
L.
Indi
ansp
inac
h,M
alab
arsp
inac
hL
eaf
and
you
ng
shoo
t
Ull
ucu
stu
bero
sus
Loz
ano
Ull
uco
Tu
ber
Bor
agin
acea
eB
OR
AG
EF
AM
ILY
Bor
ago
offi
cin
alis
L.
Bor
age
Pet
iole
Sym
phyt
um
offi
cin
ale
L.
Com
mon
com
frey
Lea
fan
dte
nde
rsh
oot
Sym
phyt
um
�u
plan
dic
um
Nym
anR
uss
ian
com
frey
You
ng
leaf
and
shoo
tB
rass
icac
eae
MU
ST
AR
DF
AM
ILY
Arm
orac
iaru
stic
ana
Gae
rtn
.,M
ey.,
Sch
erb.
Hor
sera
dish
Roo
t,le
af,
spro
ute
dse
edB
arba
rea
vern
a(M
ill.)
Asc
her
sU
plan
dcr
ess
Lea
fB
rass
ica
cari
nat
aA
.B
rau
nA
byss
inia
nm
ust
ard
Lea
fB
rass
ica
jun
cea
(L.)
Cze
rnj.
&C
oss.
var.
capi
tata
Hor
t.C
apit
ata
mu
star
dL
eaf
Bra
ssic
aju
nce
a(L
.)C
zern
j.&
Cos
s.va
r.cr
assi
cau
lus
Ch
enan
dYa
ng
Bam
boo
shoo
tm
ust
ard
Ste
m
Bra
ssic
aju
nce
a(L
.)C
zern
j.&
Cos
s.va
r.cr
ispi
foli
aB
aile
yC
url
edm
ust
ard
Lea
f
Bra
ssic
aju
nce
a(L
.)C
zern
j.&
Cos
s.va
r.fo
lios
aB
aile
yS
mal
l-le
afm
ust
ard
Lea
f
Bra
ssic
aju
nce
a(L
.)C
zern
j.&
Cos
s.va
r.ge
mm
ifer
aL
ee&
Lin
Gem
mif
erou
sm
ust
ard
Ste
man
dax
illa
rybu
d
-
11
Bra
ssic
aju
nce
a(L
.)C
zern
j.&
Cos
s.va
r.in
volu
taYa
ng
&C
hen
Invo
lute
mu
star
dL
eaf
Bra
ssic
aju
nce
a(L
.)C
zern
j.&
Cos
s.va
r.la
tipa
Li
Wid
e-pe
tiol
em
ust
ard
Lea
fB
rass
ica
jun
cea
(L.)
Cze
rnj.
&C
oss.
var.
leu
can
thu
sC
hen
&Ya
ng
Wh
ite-
flow
ered
mu
star
dL
eaf
Bra
ssic
aju
nce
a(L
.)C
zern
j.&
Cos
s.va
r.li
nea
rifo
lia
Lin
em
ust
ard
Lea
fB
rass
ica
jun
cea
(L.)
Cze
rnj.
&C
oss.
var.
lon
gepe
tiol
ata
Yan
g&
Ch
enL
ong-
peti
ole
mu
star
dL
eaf
Bra
ssic
aju
nce
a(L
.)C
zern
j.&
Cos
s.va
r.m
egar
rhiz
aT
sen
&L
eeT
ube
rou
s-ro
oted
mu
star
dR
oot
Bra
ssic
aju
nce
a(L
.)C
zern
j.&
Cos
s.va
r.m
ult
icep
sT
sen
&L
eeT
ille
red
mu
star
dL
eaf
Bra
ssic
aju
nce
a(L
.)C
zern
j.&
Cos
s.va
r.m
ult
isec
taB
aile
yF
low
erli
kele
afm
ust
ard
Lea
f
Bra
ssic
aju
nce
a(L
.)C
zern
j.&
Cos
s.va
r.ru
gosa
Bai
ley
Bro
wn
mu
star
d,m
ust
ard
gree
ns
Lea
f
Bra
ssic
aju
nce
a(L
.)C
zern
j.&
Cos
s.va
r.st
rum
ata
Tse
n&
Lee
Str
um
ous
mu
star
dS
tem
Bra
ssic
aju
nce
a(L
.)C
zern
j.&
Cos
s.va
r.tu
mid
aT
sen
&L
eeS
wol
len
-ste
mm
ust
ard
Ste
man
dle
af
Bra
ssic
aju
nce
a(L
.)C
zern
j.&
Cos
s.va
r.u
tili
sL
iP
endu
ncl
edm
ust
ard
You
ng
flow
erst
alk
Bra
ssic
an
apu
sL
.va
r.n
apob
rass
ica
(L.)
Rei
chb.
Ru
taba
gaR
oot
and
leaf
Bra
ssic
an
apu
sL
.va
r.n
apu
sV
eget
able
rape
Lea
fan
dyo
un
gfl
ower
stal
kB
rass
ica
nap
us
L.
var.
pabu
lari
a(D
C.)
Rei
chb.
Sib
eria
nka
le,
Han
over
sala
dL
eaf
Bra
ssic
an
igra
L.
Koc
h.
Bla
ckm
ust
ard
Lea
fB
rass
ica
oler
acea
L.
var.
acep
hal
aD
C.
Kal
e,co
llar
dsL
eaf
-
12
TA
BL
E1.
1.B
OT
AN
ICA
LN
AM
ES
,CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
S,A
ND
ED
IBL
EP
AR
TS
OF
PL
AN
TS
US
ED
AS
VE
GE
TA
BL
ES
(Con
tin
ued
)
Bot
anic
alN
ame
Com
mon
Nam
eE
dibl
eP
lan
tP
art
Bra
ssic
aol
erac
eaL
.va
r.al
bogl
abra
Bai
ley
Ch
ines
eka
leYo
un
gfl
ower
stal
kan
dle
afB
rass
ica
oler
acea
L.
var.
botr
ytis
L.
Cau
lifl
ower
Imm
atu
refl
oral
stal
kB
rass
ica
oler
acea
L.
var.
capi
tata
L.
Cab
bage
Lea
fB
rass
ica
oler
acea
L.
var.
cost
ata
DC
.P
ortu
gues
eca
bbag
e,tr
onch
uda
cabb
age
Lea
fan
din
flor
esce
nce
Bra
ssic
aol
erac
eaL
.va
r.ge
mm
ifer
aZ
enk.
Bru
ssel
ssp
rou
tsA
xill
ary
bud
Bra
ssic
aol
erac
eaL
.va
r.go
ngy
lod
esL
.K
ohlr
abi
En
larg
edst
emB
rass
ica
oler
acea
L.
var.
ital
ica
Ple
nck
.B
rocc
oli
Imm
atu
refl
ower
stal
kB
rass
ica
oler
acea
L.
var.
med
ull
osa
Th
ell.
Mar
row
Mar
row
stem
kale
Lea
fB
rass
ica
oler
acea
L.
var.
ram
osa
Ale
f.T
hou
san
d-h
eade
dka
leL
eaf
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ssic
aol
erac
eaL
.va
r.sa
bau
da
L.
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oyca
bbag
eL
eaf
Bra
ssic
ape
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idis
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ley
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nac
hm
ust
ard,
ten
derg
reen
mu
star
dL
eaf
Bra
ssic
ara
paL
.va
r.ch
inen
sis
(Ru
pr.)
Ols
son
Pak
choi
,C
hin
ese
mu
star
dL
eaf
Bra
ssic
ara
paL
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r.n
arin
osa
(Bai
ley)
Ols
son
Bro
ad-b
eake
dm
ust
ard
Lea
fB
rass
ica
rapa
L.
var.
para
chin
ensi
s(B
aile
y)T
sen
&L
eeM
ock
pak
choi
,ch
oysu
mL
eaf
Bra
ssic
ara
paL
.va
r.pe
kin
ensi
s(L
our.
)O
lsso
nC
hin
ese
cabb
age,
pe-t
sai
Lea
fB
rass
ica
rapa
L.
var.
(DC
.)M
etzg
.ra
paT
urn
ipE
nla
rged
root
Bra
ssic
ara
paL
.va
r.(D
C.)
Met
zg.
uti
lis
Tu
rnip
gree
nL
eaf
-
13
Bra
ssic
ara
paL
.va
r.(D
C.)
Met
zg.s
epti
ceps
Tu
rnip
broc
coli
,br
occo
lira
abIn
flor
esen
ceB
un
ias
orie
nta
lis
L.
Hil
lm
ust
ard
Lea
fC
apse
lla
burs
a-pa
stor
is(L
.)M
edik
us
Sh
eph
erd’
spu
rse
You
ng
leaf
Car
dam
ine
prat
ensi
sL
.C
uck
oofl
ower
Lea
fC
ram
bem
arit
ima
L.
Sea
kale
Pet
iole
and
you
ng
leaf
Cra
mbe
tata
rica
Jacq
.T
arta
rbr
eadp
lan
tP
etio
lean
dyo
un
gle
af,
root
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lota
xis
mu
rali
s(L
.)D
C.
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lroc
ket
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fE
ruca
sati
vaM
ille
rR
ocke
tsa
lad,
aru
gula
Lea
fL
epid
ium
mey
enn
iW
alp.
Mac
aR
oot
Lep
idiu
msa
tivu
mL
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arde
ncr
ess
Lea
fN
astu
rtiu
mof
fici
nal
eR
.B
r.W
ater
cres
sL
eaf
Rap
han
us
sati
vus
L.
Cau
datu
sgr
oup
Rat
-tai
lra
dish
Imm
atu
rese
edpo
dR
aph
anu
ssa
tivu
sL
.R
adic
ula
grou
pR
adis
hR
oot
Rap
han
us
sati
vus
L.
Dai
kon
grou
pD
aiko
nR
oot
Sin
apis
alba
L.
Wh
ite
mu
star
dL
eaf
and
you
ng
flow
erst
alk
Was
abia
japo
nic
a(M
iq.)
Mat
sum
.W
asab
i,Ja
pan
ese
hor
sera
dish
Rh
izom
e,yo
un
gsh
oot
Cab
omba
ceae
WA
TE
RL
ILY
FA
MIL
YB
rase
nia
sch
rebe
riG
mel
inW
ater
shie
ldYo
un
gle
afC
acta
ceae
CA
CT
US
FA
MIL
YO
pun
tia
ficu
s-in
dic
a(L
.)M
ill.
Pri
ckly
pear
Pad
,fr
uit
Cam
pan
ula
ceae
BE
LL
FL
OW
ER
FA
MIL
YC
ampa
nu
lara
pun
culu
sL
.R
ampi
onR
oot
and
firs
tle
afC
appa
race
aeC
AP
ER
FA
MIL
YC
appa
ris
spin
osa
L.
Cap
per
Flo
wer
bud
Cle
ome
gyn
and
raL
.C
at’s
wh
iske
rsL
eaf,
you
ng
shoo
t,fr
uit
-
14
TA
BL
E1.
1.B
OT
AN
ICA
LN
AM
ES
,CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
S,A
ND
ED
IBL
EP
AR
TS
OF
PL
AN
TS
US
ED
AS
VE
GE
TA
BL
ES
(Con
tin
ued
)
Bot
anic
alN
ame
Com
mon
Nam
eE
dibl
eP
lan
tP
art
Pla
tyco
don
gran
difl
oru
mA
.D
C.
Ch
ines
ebe
llfl
ower
Lea
fC
hen
opod
iace
aeG
OO
SE
FO
OT
FA
MIL
YA
trip
lex
hor
ten
sis
L.
Ora
chL
eaf
Bet
avu
lgar
isL
.C
icla
grou
pC
har
d,S
wis
sch
ard
Lea
fB
eta
vulg
aris
L.
Cra
ssa
grou
pG
arde
nbe
etR
oot
and
leaf
Ch
enop
odiu
mbo
nu
s-h
enri
cus
L.
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dK
ing
Hen
ryL
eaf
Ch
enop
odiu
mqu
inoa
Wil
ld.
Qu
inoa
Lea
fK
och
iasc
opar
ia(L
.)S
chra
der
Moc
kcy
pres
sT
ende
rsh
oot
Sal
sola
kom
arov
iiIl
jin
.K
omar
ovR
uss
ian
this
tle
Lea
fan
dyo
un
gsh
oot
Sal
sola
sod
aL
.S
also
laL
eaf
and
you
ng
shoo
tS
pin
acia
oler
acea
L.
Spi
nac
hL
eaf
Su
aed
aas
para
goid
esM
ak.
Com
mon
seep
wee
dYo
un
gst
em,
leaf
,pl
ant
Con
volv
ula
ceae
BIN
DW
EE
DF
AM
ILY
Con
volv
ulu
sja
pon
icu
sT
hu
nb.
Ros
egl
oryb
ind
Roo
tIp
omoe
aaq
uat
ica
For
ssk.
Wat
ersp
inac
h,k
angk
ong
Ten
der
shoo
tan
dle
afIp
omoe
aba
tata
s(L
.)L
am.
Sw
eet
pota
toR
oot
and
leaf
Cra
ssu
lace
aeO
RP
INE
FA
MIL
YS
edu
msa
rmen
tosu
mB
urg
eS
edu
mL
eaf
Cu
curb
itac
eae
GO
UR
DF
AM
ILY
Ben
inca
sah
ispi
da
(Th
un
b.)
Cog
n.
Wax
gou
rdIm
mat
ure
/mat
ure
fru
it
-
15
Cit
rull
us
lan
atu
s(T
hu
nb.
)M
atsu
m&
Nak
aiW
ater
mel
onR
ipe
fru
itan
dse
edC
itru
llu
sla
nat
us
var.
citr
oid
es(B
aile
y)M
ansf
.C
itro
n,
pres
ervi
ng
mel
onF
ruit
Coc
cin
iagr
and
is(L
.)V
oigt
Ivy
gou
rd,t
indo
raF
ruit
,te
nde
rsh
oot,
leaf
Cu
cum
erop
sis
man
nii
Nau
din
Wh
ite-
seed
edm
elon
Fru
itan
dse
edC
ucu
mis
angu
ria
L.
Wes
tIn
dian
gher
kin
Imm
atu
refr
uit
Cu
cum
ism
elo
L.
Can
talo
upe
nsi
sgr
oup
Can
talo
upe
Fru
itC
ucu
mis
mel
oL
.C
hit
ogr
oup
Man
goF
ruit
Cu
cum
ism
elo
L.
Con
omon
grou
pO
rien
tal
pick
lin
gm
elon
You
ng
fru
itC
ucu
mis
mel
oL
.F
lexu
osu
sgr
oup
Japa
nes
ecu
cum
ber,
snak
em
elon
Imm
atu
refr
uit
Cu
cum
ism
elo
L.
Inod
oru
sgr
oup
Hon
eyde
wm
elon
,ca
saba
mel
onF
ruit
Cu
cum
ism
elo
L.
Ret
icu
latu
sgr
oup
Mu
skm
elon
(can
talo
upe
),P
ersi
anm
elon
Rip
efr
uit
Cu
cum
ism
etu
life
rus
E.
Mey
erex
Nau
din
Afr
ican
hor
ned
cucu
mbe
rF
ruit
Cu
cum
issa
tivu
sL
.C
ucu
mbe
rIm
mat
ure
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itC
ucu
rbit
aar
gyro
sper
ma
Hu
ber
Pu
mpk
inYo
un
g/m
atu
refr
uit
and
seed
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curb
ita
fici
foli
aB
ouch
éF
ig-l
eaf
gou
rd,M
alab
argo
urd
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it
Cu
curb
ita
max
ima
Du
ches
ne
Gia
nt
pum
pkin
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ter
squ
ash
Mat
ure
fru
itan
dse
ed
Cu
curb
ita
mos
chat
aD
uch
esn
eB
utt
ern
ut
squ
ash
,tro
pica
lpu
mpk
inYo
un
gan
dm
atu
refr
uit
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curb
ita
pepo
L.
Su
mm
ersq
uas
h,z
ucc
hin
iYo
un
gfr
uit
Cu
curb
ita
pepo
L.
Com
mon
fiel
dpu
mpk
inM
atu
refr
uit
and
seed
Cyc
lan
ther
ape
dat
a(L
.)S
chra
der
var.
ped
ata
Pep
ino
Imm
atu
refr
uit
-
16
TA
BL
E1.
1.B
OT
AN
ICA
LN
AM
ES
,CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
S,A
ND
ED
IBL
EP
AR
TS
OF
PL
AN
TS
US
ED
AS
VE
GE
TA
BL
ES
(Con
tin
ued
)
Bot
anic
alN
ame
Com
mon
Nam
eE
dibl
eP
lan
tP
art
Lag
enar
iasi
cera
ria
(Mol
.)S
tan
dl.
Bot
tle
gou
rd,
cala
bash
gou
rdIm
mat
ure
fru
it,
ten
der
shoo
t,an
dle
afL
uff
aac
uta
ngu
la(L
.)R
oxb.
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gled
loof
ahIm
mat
ure
fru
itL
uff
aae
gypt
iaca
Mil
ler
Sm
ooth
loof
ah,
spon
gego
urd
Imm
atu
refr
uit
and
leaf
Mom
ord
ica
char
anti
aL
.B
itte
rgo
urd
,ba
lsam
pear
Imm
atu
refr
uit
and
you
ng
leaf
Pra
ecit
rull
us
fist
ulo
sus
(Sto
cks)
Pan
g.S
quas
hm
elon
Fru
itS
ech
ium
edu
le(J
acq.
)S
war
tz.
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ayot
e,m
irli
ton
,ve
geta
ble
pear
Fru
it,
ten
der
shoo
t,le
afS
ican
aod
orif
era
(Vel
l.)N
audi
nC
asab
anan
aIm
mat
ure
/mat
ure
fru
itT
elfa
iria
occi
den
tali
sH
ook.
f.F
lute
dgo
urd
,flu
ted
pum
pkin
See
d,le
af,
ten
der
shoo
tT
elfa
iria
ped
ata
(Sm
ith
exS
ims)
Hoo
k.O
yste
rn
ut
See
dT
rich
osan
thes
cucu
mer
ina
L.
var.
angu
inea
(L.)
Hai
nes
Sn
ake
gou
rdIm
mat
ure
fru
it,
leaf
,an
dte
nde
rsh
oot
Tri
chos
anth
escu
cum
eroi
ds
(Ser
.)M
axim
.Ja
pan
ese
snak
ego
urd
Imm
atu
refr
uit
Tri
chos
anth
esd
ioic
aR
oxb.
Poi
nte
dgo
urd
Imm
atu
refr
uit
,te
nde
rsh
oot
Eu
phor
biac
eae
SP
UR
GE
FA
MIL
Y
-
17
Cn
idos
colu
sac
onit
ifol
ius
(Mil
ler)
Joh
nst
onC
hay
aL
eaf
Cn
idos
colu
sch
ayam
ansa
Mc
Vau
ghn
Ch
aya
Lea
fC
odia
eum
vari
egat
um
(L.)
Blu
me
Cro
ton
You
ng
leaf
Man
ihot
escu
len
taC
ran
tzY
uca
,ca
ssav
a,m
anio
cR
oot
and
leaf
Sau
ropu
san
dro
gyn
us
(L.)
Mer
r.C
omm
onsa
uro
pus
Lea
fFa
bace
aeP
EA
FA
MIL
YA
rach
ish
ypog
aea
L.
Pea
nu
t,gr
oun
dnu
tIm
mat
ure
/mat
ure
seed
Bau
hin
iaes
cule
nta
Bu
rch
ell
Mar
ama
bean
Imm
atu
repo
dan
dro
otC
ajan
us
caja
n(L
.)H
uth
.C
ajan
pea,
pige
onpe
aIm
mat
ure
pod
/lea
fC
anav
alia
ensi
form
is(L
.)D
C.
Jack
bean
,hor
sebe
anIm
mat
ure
seed
Can
aval
iagl
adia
ta(J
acq.
)D
C.
Sw
ord
bean
,h
orse
bean
Imm
atu
rese
edC
icer
arie
tin
um
L.
Gar
ban
zo,c
hic
kpea
See
dC
yam
posi
ste
trag
onol
oba
(L.)
Tau
b.C
lust
erbe
an,
guar
Imm
atu
repo
dan
dse
edF
lem
ingi
ave
stit
aB
enth
.ex
Bak
.F
lem
ingi
aT
ube
rG
lyci
ne
max
(L.)
Mer
r.S
oybe
anIm
mat
ure
and
spro
ute
dse
edL
abla
bpu
rpu
rus
(L.)
Sw
eet.
Hya
cin
thbe
anIm
mat
ure
seed
Lat
hyr
us
sati
vus
L.
Ch
ickl
ing
pea
Imm
atu
repo
d/s
eed
Lat
hyr
us
tube
rosu
sL
.G
rou
ndn
ut
Tu
ber
Len
scu
lin
aris
Med
iku
sL
enti
lIm
mat
ure
pod,
spro
ute
dse
edL
upi
nu
ssp
p.L
upi
nS
eed
Mac
roty
lom
age
ocar
pum
(Har
ms)
Mar
ech
alan
dB
aude
tH
ausa
grou
ndn
ut
See
d
Mac
roty
lom
au
nifl
oru
m(L
am.)
Ver
dc.
Hor
segr
amS
eed
-
18
TA
BL
E1.
1.B
OT
AN
ICA
LN
AM
ES
,CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
S,A
ND
ED
IBL
EP
AR
TS
OF
PL
AN
TS
US
ED
AS
VE
GE
TA
BL
ES
(Con
tin
ued
)
Bot
anic
alN
ame
Com
mon
Nam
eE
dibl
eP
lan
tP
art
Med
icag
osa
tiva
L.
Alf
alfa
,lu
cern
eL
eaf,
you
ng
shoo
t,sp
rou
ted
seed
Mu
cun
apr
uri
ens
(L.)
DC
.B
uff
alo
bean
,ve
lvet
bean
See
dN
eptu
nia
oler
acea
Lou
r.W
ater
mim
osa
Lea
fan
dte
nde
rsh
oot
Pac
hyr
hiz
us
ahip
a(W
edd.
)P
arod
iYa
mbe
anR
oot
Pac
hyr
hiz
us
eros
us
(L.)
Urb
anJi
cam
a,M
exic
anya
mbe
anR
oot,
imm
atu
repo
d,an
dse
edP
ach
yrh
izu
stu
bero
sus
(Lam
.)S
pren
gel
Pot
ato
bean
Roo
tan
dim
mat
ure
pod
Ph
aseo
lus
acu
tifo
liu
sA
.G
ray
Tep
ary
bean
See
d,im
mat
ure
pod
Ph
aseo
lus
cocc
ineu
sL
.S
carl
etru
nn
erbe
anIm
mat
ure
pod
and
seed
Ph
aseo
lus
lun
atu
sL
.L
ima
bean
Imm
atu
rese
ed,
mat
ure
seed
Ph
aseo
lus
vulg
aris
L.
Gar
den
bean
,sn
apbe
anIm
mat
ure
pod
and
seed
Pis
um
sati
vum
L.
ssp.
sati
vum
Pea
,ga
rden
pea
Imm
atu
rese
ed,
ten
der
shoo
tP
isu
msa
tivu
mL
.ss
p.sa
tivu
mf.
mac
roca
rpon
Sn
owpe
a,ed
ible
-pod
ded
pea
Imm
atu
repo
dP
soph
ocar
pus
tetr
agon
olob
us
(L.)
DC
.G
oabe
an,
win
ged
bean
Imm
atu
repo
d,se
ed,
leaf
,ro
ot
-
19
Pu
erar
ialo
bata
(Wil
ld.)
Oh
wi
Ku
dzu
Roo
t,le
af,
ten
der
shoo
tS
phen
osty
lis
sten
ocar
pa(H
och
st.
ex.
A.
Ric
h.)
Har
ms.
Afr
ican
yam
bean
Tu
ber
and
seed
Tet
rago
nol
obu
spu
rpu
reu
sM
oen
chA
spar
agu
spe
a,w
inge
dpe
aIm
mat
ure
pod
Tri
gon
ella
foen
um
-gra
ecu
mL
.F
enu
gree
kL
eaf,
ten
der
shoo
t,im
mat
ure
pod
Vic
iafa
baL
.Fa
vabe
an,
broa
dbe
an,
hor
sebe
anIm
mat
ure
seed
Vig
na
acon
itif
olia
(Jac
q.)
Mar
éch
alM
oth
bean
Imm
atu
repo
dan
dse
edV
ign
aan
gula
ris
(Wil
ld.)
Oh
wi
&O
has
hi
Adz
uki
bean
See
dV
ign
am
un
go(L
.)H
eppe
rB
lack
gram
,u
rdIm
mat
ure
pod
and
seed
Vig
na
rad
iata
(L.)
Wil
cz.
Mu
ng
bean
Imm
atu
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rou
ted
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edV
ign
asu
bter
ran
ea(L
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erdn
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ure
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ure
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na
um
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ata
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un
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wi
&O
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hi
Ric
ebe
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eed
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na
un
guic
ula
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alp.
subs
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lin
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anE
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Ver
dn.
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jan
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mat
ure
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and
seed
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na
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ula
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.)W
alp.
subs
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iped
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arag
us
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rd-l
ong
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Imm
atu
repo
dan
dse
edV
ign
au
ngu
icu
lata
(L.)
Wal
p.su
bsp.
un
guic
ula
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.)S
outh
ern
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cow
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Imm
atu
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dan
dse
edG
net
acea
eG
NE
TU
MF
AM
ILY
Gn
etu
mgn
emon
L.
Bu
cko
Lea
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rsh
oot
and
fru
itH
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agac
eae
WA
TE
RM
ILF
OIL
FA
MIL
Y
-
20
TA
BL
E1.
1.B
OT
AN
ICA
LN
AM
ES
,CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
S,A
ND
ED
IBL
EP
AR
TS
OF
PL
AN
TS
US
ED
AS
VE
GE
TA
BL
ES
(Con
tin
ued
)
Bot
anic
alN
ame
Com
mon
Nam
eE
dibl
eP
lan
tP
art
Myr
ioph
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maq
uat
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ello
zo)
Ver
dc.
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rot’s
feat
her
Sh
oot
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Icac
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eae
ICA
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AF
AM
ILY
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ina
sen
egal
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sA
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ss.
Fals
eya
mT
ube
rL
amia
ceae
MIN
TF
AM
ILY
Lyc
opu
slu
cid
us
Tu
rcz.
Sh
iny
bugl
ewee
dR
hiz
ome
Men
tha
pule
giu
mL
.P
enn
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alm
int
Lea
fM
enth
asp
icat
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.em
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arle
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and
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ores
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um
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um
Sim
s.H
oary
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lYo
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gle
aves
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gan
um
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are
L.
Mar
jora
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low
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ant
and
infl
ores
cen
ceP
eril
lafr
ute
scen
s(L
.)B
ritt
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r.cr
ispa
(Th
un
b.)
Dea
ne
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illa
Lea
fan
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ed
Ple
ctra
nth
us
escu
len
tus
N.E
.B
r.K
affi
rpo
tato
Tu
ber
Sat
ure
jah
orte
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sL
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avor
y,su
mm
ersa
vory
Lea
fan
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un
gsh
oot
Sol
enos
tem
onro
tun
dif
oliu
s(P
oir.
)J.
K.
Mor
ton
Hau
sapo
tato
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ber
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chys
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nis
Bu
nge
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nes
ear
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ines
ear
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oke
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ber
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vace
aeM
AL
LO
WF
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ILY
Abe
lmos
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ses
cule
ntu
s(L
.)M
oen
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gum
boIm
mat
ure
fru
itA
belm
osch
us
man
ihot
(L.)
Med
iku
sH
ibis
cus
root
Lea
fan
dte
nde
rsh
oot
-
21
Hib
iscu
sac
etos
ella
Wel
.ex
Hie
rnFa
lse
rose
lle
You
ng
leaf
and
shoo
tH
ibis
cus
sabd
arif
faL
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mai
can
sorr
elC
alyx
and
leaf
Mal
varo
tun
dif
olia
L.
Mal
low
Lea
fan
dyo
un
gsh
oot
Mor
acea
eM
UL
BE
RR
YF
AM
ILY
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mu
lus
lupu
lus
L.
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sT
ende
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oot
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um
bon
acea
eL
OT
US
FA
MIL
YN
elu
mbo
nu
cife
raG
aert
n.
Lot
us
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Rh
izom
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af,
seed
See
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ycta
gin
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OU
RO
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OC
KF
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ILY
Mir
abil
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sa(R
uiz
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aron
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tan
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Mau
kaT
ube
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ymph
aeac
eae
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TE
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ILY
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YE
ury
ale
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alis
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ut
See
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oot,
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Nym
phae
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ali
Bu
rm.
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ater
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ower
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k,se
edO
nag
race
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VE
NIN
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SE
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enot
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abi
enn
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ven
ing
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oot
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ban
chac
eae
BR
OO
MR
AP
EF
AM
ILY
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che
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ata
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sska
l.B
room
rape
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oot
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lida
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OX
AL
ISF
AM
ILY
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lis
tube
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ina
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WE
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ILY
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ora
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ora
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assi
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ower
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oot,
you
ng
leaf
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ower
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alia
ceae
PE
DA
LIU
MF
AM
ILY
Ses
amu
mra
dia
tum
Sch
um
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Th
onn
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ogor
oYo
un
gsh
oot
Ph
ytol
acca
ceae
PO
KE
WE
ED
FA
MIL
Y
-
22
TA
BL
E1.
1.B
OT
AN
ICA
LN
AM
ES
,CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
S,A
ND
ED
IBL
EP
AR
TS
OF
PL
AN
TS
US
ED
AS
VE
GE
TA
BL
ES
(Con
tin
ued
)
Bot
anic
alN
ame
Com
mon
Nam
eE
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lan
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art
Ph
ytol
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acin
osa
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dian
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gsh
oot
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ytol
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ican
aL
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oke
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ytol
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taV
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eed
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fan
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un
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ytol
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nd
raL
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and
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ng
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lan
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nac
eae
PL
AIN
TA
INF
AM
ILY
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nta
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uck
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anta
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AT
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hu
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Ru
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enti
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ock
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fR
um
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uta
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L.
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nch
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elL
eaf
Por
tula
cace
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UR
SL
AN
EF
AM
ILY
Mon
tia
perf
olia
ta(D
onn
.ex
Wil
ld.)
How
ell
Win
ter
purs
lan
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iner
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ttu
ceL
eaf
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tula
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urs
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and
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ng
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alin
um
pan
icu
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m(J
acq.
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aert
n.
Fla
mefl
ower
You
ng
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alin
um
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lare
(Jac
q.)
Wil
ld.
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erle
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ura
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inac
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eaf
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edac
eae
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NO
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TT
EF
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ILY
Res
eda
odor
ata
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fan
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ower
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OS
EF
AM
ILY
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gari
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An
anas
saD
uch
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e.S
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ruit
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LIZ
AR
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-TA
ILF
AM
ILY
Hou
ttu
ynia
cord
ata
Th
un
b.S
auru
ris,
tsi
Lea
f
-
23
Sol
anac
eae
NIG
HT
SH
AD
EF
AM
ILY
Cap
sicu
man
nu
um
L.
Gro
ssu
mgr
oup
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pper
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itC
apsi
cum
ann
uu
mL
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ongu
mgr
oup
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enn
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pper
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ile
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atu
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uit
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um
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var.
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pper
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pper
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ero
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ute
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sL
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pper
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scen
sR
uiz
&P
avon
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oto
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oman
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beta
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(Cav
.)S
endt
ner
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aril
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ree
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ato
Rip
efr
uit
Lyc
ium
chin
ense
Mil
l.B
oxth
orn
Lea
fL
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con
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len
tum
Mil
l.T
omat
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ipe
fru
itL
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con
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pin
elli
foli
um
(L.)
Mil
l.C
urr
ant
tom
ato
Rip
efr
uit
Ph
ysal
isal
keke
ngi
L.
Ch
ines
ela
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ant
Rip
efr
uit
Ph
ysal
isix
ocar
paB
rot.
exH
orn
em.
Tom
atil
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nri
pefr
uit
Ph
ysal
ispe
ruvi
ana
L.
Cap
ego
oseb
erry
Rip
efr
uit
Sol
anu
mae
thio
picu
mL
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olde
nap
ple
Fru
itan
dle
afS
olan
um
amer
ican
um
Mil
l.A
mer
ican
blac
kn
igh
tsh
ade
Ten
der
shoo
t,le
af,
un
ripe
fru
itS
olan
um
gilo
Rad
diG
ilo,
jilo
You
ng
shoo
tS
olan
um
inca
nu
mL
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arde
neg
gU
nri
pefr
uit
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anu
min
tegr
ifol
ium
Poi
r.S
carl
eteg
gpla
nt,
tom
ato
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lan
tIm
mat
ure
fru
it
Sol
anu
mm
acro
carp
onL
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fric
aneg
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nt
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fan
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uit
Sol
anu
mm
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gen
aL
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ggpl
ant,
aube
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eIm
mat
ure
fru
itS
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um
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rica
tum
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.P
epin
o,sw
eet
pepi
no
Rip
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uit
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anu
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lack
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hts
had
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atu
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uit
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af,
ten
der
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um
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seL
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anji
llo
Rip
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anu
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war
tzP
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nt
Ten
der
shoo
t,im
mat
ure
fru
it
-
24
TA
BL
E1.
1.B
OT
AN
ICA
LN
AM
ES
,CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
S,A
ND
ED
IBL
EP
AR
TS
OF
PL
AN
TS
US
ED
AS
VE
GE
TA
BL
ES
(Con
tin
ued
)
Bot
anic
alN
ame
Com
mon
Nam
eE
dibl
eP
lan
tP
art
Sol
anu
mtu
bero
sum
L.
Pot
ato
Tu
ber
Til
iace
aeB
AS
SW
OO
DF
AM
ILY
Cor
chor
us
olit
oriu
sL
.Je
w’s
mar
row
Lea
fan
dte
nde
rsh
oot
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pace
aeW
AT
ER
CH
ES
TN
UT
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MIL
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rapa
bico
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eck
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erch
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ut
See
dT
rapa
nat
ans
L.
Wat
erch
estn
ut
See
dT
ropa
cola
ceae
NA
ST
UR
TIU
MF
AM
ILY
Tro
paeo
lum
maj
us
L.
Nas
turt
ium
Lea
f,fl
ower
Tro
paeo
lum
tube
rosu
mR
uiz
&P
avon
Tu
bero
us
nas
turt
ium
Tu
ber
Urt
icac
eae
NE
TT
LE
FA
MIL
YP
ilea
glab
erri
ma
(Blu
me)
Blu
me
Pil
eaL
eaf
Pil
eatr
iner
via
Wig
ht
Pil
eaL
eaf
Urt
ica
dio
ica
L.
Sti
ngi
ng
net
tle
Lea
fV
aler
ian
acea
eV
AL
ER
IAN
FA
MIL
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aler
ian
ella
erio
carp
aD
esv.
Ital
ian
corn
-sal
adL
eaf
Val
eria
nel
lalo
cust
a(L
.)L
ater
rade
em.
Bet
cke
Eu
rope
anco
rn-s
alad
Lea
fV
iola
ceae
VIO
LE
TF
AM
ILY
Vio
latr
icol
orL
.V
iole
t,pa
nsy
Flo
wer
,le
afV
itac
eae
GR
AP
EF
AM
ILY
Cis
sus
java
na
DC
.K
anga
roo
vin
eL
eaf,
you
ng
shoo
t
Ada
pted
from
S.J
.K
ays
and
J.C
.S
ilva
Dia
s,C
ult
ivat
edV
eget
able
sof
the
Wor
ld(A
then
s,G
a.:
Exo
n,
1996
).U
sed
wit
hpe
rmis
sion
.
-
25
TA
BL
E1.
2.N
AM
ES
OF
CO
MM
ON
VE
GE
TA
BL
ES
INN
INE
LA
NG
UA
GE
S
En
glis
hD
anis
hD
utc
hF
ren
chG
erm
anIt
alia
nP
ortu
gues
eS
pan
ish
Sw
edis
h
Art
ich
oke
arti
skok
arti
sjok
arti
sch
aut
Art
