Department of Physical Education 2nd TERM 3º E.S.O. 2017-2018

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HANDBALL

1. HISTORY

Handball was born in Berlin (Germany) in 1919.

At the beginning, there were 11 players per team and the goal-area line was 11

meters from the goal. Currently there are only seven players on each team.

Handball, as an indoor sport, became an Olympic sport in Munich 1972. Yugoslavia

won the first Olympic gold medal. Women's handball became an Olympic sport in

Montreal 1976. The USSR won the gold medal.

2- WHERE TO PLAY?

The handball court

measures 20 meters

wide by 40 meters long

Department of Physical Education 2nd TERM 3º E.S.O. 2017-2018

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3. HANDBALL PLAYERS POSITIONS AND THEIR ROLES

There are seven players on each team (six court players and one goalkeeper).

THE GOALKEEPER

The goalkeeper may use any part of his/her body to block a shot. There is no

"corner" when the goalkeeper blocks a shot and it crosses the outer goal line.

- Role: the goalkeeper has to block the shots from the other team in order to

keep his goal with the least possible goals.

LEFT AND RIGHT WING

The player occupying the left wing (normally right-handed) covers the left hand

side of the court. Whereas the right wing player will usually be left-handed,

covering the right hand side of the court.

- Role: These players stand on the far left and right side of the defense while

the team is defending and they initiate counter-attacks along the lines when

the team attacks.

LEFT AND RIGHT BACK

The left and right backcourt players form a large part of the back line and stand

to the left and right of the center back.

- Role: When defending, they try to block shots and cover the goal, and in attack

they have the skills to shoot from large distances.

CENTER BACK

Often referred to as the center-back or center-half, this player occupies the

middle of the court as a rule.

- Role: Center players occupy the creative handball positions of playmaker, who

typically directs play in defense and attack.

PIVOT

He generally plays in front of his defense.

- Role: He tries to intercept the ball or prevent his opponents from passing, but

when they are attacking he is also required to shoot and often has to do so

while unbalanced or in the air.

DEFFENSE

2- Right Wing

3- Right Back

4- Center Back

5- Pivot

6- Left Back

7- Left Wing

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Department of Physical Education 2nd TERM 3º E.S.O. 2017-2018

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ATTACK

2- Right Wing

3- Right Back

4- Center Back

5- Pivot

6- Left Back

7- Left Wing

4. HOW LONG IS A HANDBALL MATCH?

60 minutes (2 halves of 30 minutes each).

5. BASIC RULES

A PLAYER IS ALLOWED TO… A PLAYER IS NOT ALLOWED TO…

• To run with the ball for 3 steps.

• To hold the ball for 3 seconds.

• To dribble the ball.

• To step on the goal area.

• To take more than 3 steps without

bouncing the ball (travelling).

• To bounce the ball, then stop bouncing

and begin to bounce the ball again

(double dribble).

• To keep the ball without bouncing,

passing or shooting for more than 3

seconds (3 seconds).

• To touch the ball with the foot or leg.

THROWS AWARDED DUE TO FAULTS

Free-throw

For a minor foul or violation, a free-throw is awarded to the

opponent at the exact spot it took place. If the foul occurs

between the goal area line and the 9-meter line, the throw

is taken from the nearest spot outside the 9-meter line.

The thrower can pass or shoot.

7-meter throw

The 7-meter throw is awarded when:

A foul destroys a clear chance to score.

A defensive player enters his or her goal area to gain an

advantage over an attacking player in possession of the ball.

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Department of Physical Education 2nd TERM 3º E.S.O. 2017-2018

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ATHLETICS

1. History

Athletics is one of the oldest organized sports of humanity, dating back to the year 3500 BC;

But it had its peak in classical Greece (1000 BC) that is when they date the origin of the

Olympic Games. At first the test of stadion was the only one of the program, but later others

were added, like the diaulos (two stadion), the dolic (whose length oscillated between seven

and twenty four stadion) and the pentathlon (that included stadion race, Long jump, discus,

javelin and wrestling). The victors received great honors and their exploits were collected by

the philosophers of the time..

Pierre de Coubertain manages to impose his idea of celebrating some Olympic games, and in

1896 the first Olympic Games of the modern era were celebrated in Athens. During the

twentieth century and what we carry of the XXI, the games have been held in several countries

at intervals of four years. In 1913, the International Amateur Athletics Federation (IAAF),

headquartered in London, was founded to be the governing body of athletics competitions on

an international scale, establishing the rules and giving officiality to the records obtained by

the athletes.

2. Athletic events

In this section we will see the athletic track and field and some of the events we have been

practise in this unit.

2.1 Running events

Here you got some of the sprints we practise throw these days:

Department of Physical Education 2nd TERM 3º E.S.O. 2017-2018

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• The 100 metres is a sprint race in track and field competitions. The shortest common

outdoor running distance, it is one of the most popular and prestigious events in

the sport of athletics

• The 200 metres is a sprint running event. On an outdoor 400 m track, the race begins

on the curve and ends on the home straight, so a combination of techniques are

needed to successfully run the race.

• The 110 metres hurdles (110m vallas) Like the 100 metres sprint, the 110 metres

hurdles begins in the starting blocks. Fallen hurdles do not carry a fixed time penalty

for the runners, but they have a significant pull-over weight which slows down the run.

• The 4 × 100 metres relay (4x100m relevos) or sprint relay is an athletics track event

run in lanes over one lap of the track with four runners completing 100 metres each.

Phases

1st Reaction time: The athlete is required to make a rapid physical response to the

external stimulus

2nd Acceleration: The athlete must accelerate from the starting blocks to maximum

velocity in as short a time as possible

3rd Maximum speed: the ability to achieve the highest peak of speed

4th Maintenance: Maintenance of horizontal speed (speed endurance)

5th Finish: the objective here is to reduce gradually the speed.

Usain Bolt, the fastest sprinter in the history, managed to run in 9.58” 100m in Berlin, 2009.

2.2 Jumping events

• The high jump (salto de altura) is a track and field event in which competitors must

jump over a horizontal bar placed at measured heights without making it fall.

The Spaniard Ruth Beitia got a golden medal in Rio 2016 jumping 1.97m.

Department of Physical Education 2nd TERM 3º E.S.O. 2017-2018

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• The long jump (salto de longuitud) is a track and field event in which athletes

combine speed, strength and agility in an attempt to jump as far as possible from a

take off point. We could identify 3 phases in this event:

1st the approach: The distance thath the athlete has to cover until he/she reaches the take off

point.

2nd The take off: the moment the athlete must jump.

3rd the flight: is the time that runs while the athlete is in the air.

4th the landing: is the moment in which the athlete impact against the sand. Having a good

technique could make the difference.

2.3. Throwing events

• The shot put (lanzamiento de peso) is a track and field event involving

"throwing"/"putting" a heavy spherical object —the shot—as far as possible.

Manolo Martínez won the bronce medal in Atenas 2004, throwing the shot 20.84m away.

• The javelin throw (lanzamiento de javalina) is a track and field event where

the javelin, a spear about 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) in length, is thrown. The javelin thrower

gains momentum by running within an area.

- Technique: Think of all throws having three phases, a beginning, a middle

and end and in each phase there are several sections. The beginning is the

start and run, the middle or are the crossovers and the end is the release

(delivery).

• The discus throw (lanzamiento de disco) is a track and field event in which an athlete

throws a heavy disc—called a discus—in an attempt to mark a farther distance than

their competitors