HAND TOOLS TEST INSTRUMENT · Drilling, boring and ... raising and grinding tools - vises, ... There is a tool for every purpose, and each tool is especially designed for a particular

HAND TOOLS

&

TEST INSTRUMENT

"Man without Tools is nothing; with tools he is all."

Thomas Carlyle

Electrical/Electronics dep. By- G/Michael G.

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Content

1. Plan and prepare tasks and workstation...........................................................................3

1.1 Safety in using tools and equipment’s...............................................................3

1.2 Identifying tasks.................................................................................................3

1.3 Selecting appropriate hand tools & test instruments..........................................3

2. Prepare hand tools............................................................................................................4

2.1 Function of hand tools.......................................................................................4

2.2 Common faults of hand tools...........................................................................13

3. Tools and test equipment...............................................................................................13

3.1 Using hand tools & test equipment..................................................................13

3.2 Personal protective equipment (PPE)...............................................................13

4. Maintain hand tools.......................................................................................................14

4.1 Handling..........................................................................................................14

4.2 Routine maintenance.......................................................................................14

4.3 Storage............................................................................................................14

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1. Plan and prepare tasks and workstation 1.1. Safety in using tools and equipment’s

To avoid such injuries, remember the following safety procedures:

• Use the right tool for the job. Don't use your wrench as a hammer. Don't use a screwdriver as

a chisel, etc. Go back to the tool house and get the right tool in the right size for the job.

• Don't use broken or damaged tools, dull cutting tools, or screwdrivers with worn tips.

• Cut in a direction away from your body.

• Make sure your hand and footing are secure when using large tools.

• Pass a tool to another person by the handle

• Use the right personal protective equipment (PPE) for the job.

• Follow company instructions for selecting and using safety eyewear, safety shoes, gloves,

hard hats, etc.

• Never carry sharp (blade type) or pointed tools such as a screwdriver in your pocket it causes

an injuries.

• Always wear eye protection.

• Use tools that are the RIGHT SIZE & RIGHTTYPE for your job.

• Follow the correct procedure for using EVERY tool.

• DON’T work with OILY or GREASY hands.

• DON’T use a file without a HANDLE.

1.2. Identifying tasks

In general tools can be classified as:

Driving and chopping tools - hammers, mauls, sledges, screwdriver and bit, chopping tools;

Cutting and smoothing tools - saws, chisels, planes, files and rasps, brush-cutting tools,

miscellaneous cutting tools;

Drilling, boring and countersinking tools;

Measuring, leveling and layout tools - rules, tapes, marking tools, levels and plumb bobs,

squares;

Gripping, prying and twisting tools - pliers, wrenches, bars;

Holding, raising and grinding tools - vises, clamps, jacks, grinders and oilstones;

Timber handling and climbing tools;

Digging tools - shovels, posthole diggers, picks and mattocks;

Portable power tools and trailer-mounted tools - electric tool trailer and generator,

portable power tools;

Miscellaneous tools.

1.3. Selecting appropriate hand tools & test instruments

Factors to consider when purchasing/ selecting tools are size, design, and quality.

Always purchase the correct sized tools for the work to be done.

Tools should be designed specifically for electrical work. E.g. Insulated handles,

The purchase of quality tools last longer which saves replacement cost.

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2. Prepare hand tools

2.1 Function of hand tools

Pliers

Pliers are used for cutting, bending and griping wires. Types of pliers

A. Diagonal cutting pliers

B. Long nose or long nose bended pliers

C. Combinational (line’s man pliers)

D. Channel-locks pliers

E. Round nose pliers

F. Multi-groove Adjustable Pliers

(a) Diagonal cutting pliers (side cutter)

diagonal cutting pliers are designed for cutting

only the cutting jaws are set an angle to make it

easier to cut wire

(B) Long Nose Pliers and Long Nose Bended Pliers

are used for pulling wires and other materials through narrow holes(narrow area)

Used for holding small parts.

(c) Combinational pliers

Is used to griping wires and holding conduit while

making up lockouts.

For small objects, pulling out pins, bending wire

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(D) Channel-locks

Could also be used to grab objects.

Used to grab without affecting the distance

between the handles.

Used to grab different size bolts and nuts.

(E)Round nose pliers

Are used for looping conductors in order to

connect them to the terminals.

(F) Multi-groove Adjustable Pliers

For gripping larger objects, a set of multi-

groove adjustable pliers is a commonly used

tool of choice by many service technicians.

(G) Nipper or End cutter

It is used for cutting nails and wires.

It is important in the electric shop.

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Cutters & snips

Service technicians are often asked to fabricate sheet metal brackets or heat shields and

need to use one or more types of cutters available.

The simplest is called tin snips, which are designed to make straight cuts in a variety of

materials, such as sheet steel, aluminum, or even fabric.

Tin snips are used to cut thin sheets of metal or carpet.

Snap-Ring Pliers

Snap-ring pliers are used to remove and install snap rings.

Snap-ring pliers are also called lock-ring pliers and are designed to remove internal and

external snap rings (lock rings).

Tweezers

To hold component - If you're doing

surface mount soldering

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Screw driver

Is used to drive screw in to wood, metal or some other material.

1. Flat screw driver 2. Phillips screw driver

Parts of the Screwdriver

Handle: hardwood or plastic or rubber grip

Shank: round or square. Shank length above 2cm

Blade: the operation of task is performed, tip size: in (inch) or (mm)

Offset Screwdrivers

An offset screwdriver is bent at the

ends and is used similar to a wrench.

An offset screwdriver is used to

install or remove fasteners that do not

have enough space above to use a

conventional screwdriver

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Impact Screwdriver

An impact screwdriver is used to break

loose or tighten a screw.

A hammer is used to strike the end after

the screwdriver holder is placed in the

head of the screw and rotated in the

desired direction.

An impact screwdriver used to remove

slotted or Phillips head fasteners that

cannot be broken loose using a standard

screwdriver.

Nut driver

A nut driver is a tool for tightening/driving out nuts and bolts

Size: 2mm to 20mm for electrical trade

Use the electrically insulated one

Pocket knife (Electrician knife)

Is used for removing insulation in

electrical wiring. The blades should be

made of high grade tempered steel. The

knife should be strong and serviceable.

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Hacksaw

Is used for cutting metal, wood,

conduit tube and other types of

material.

Files

file are used to smooth metal , remove burrs or sharp and are constructed of hardened steel with

diagonal rows of teeth.

1. Hand File - The common file used for roughing and finishing. It is a rectangular in section and

parallel in width. It has double cut teeth on two faces, single cut teeth on one edge, and one

save edge.

2. Flat File - It is similar to a hand file rectangular in section, tapered slightly in width and

thickness towards the tip. It has Double Cut teeth on two faces and Single Cut teeth on two

sides.

3. Half-round File - The section is a chord of a circle with its taper towards the tip. It is used for

forming radii, grooves, etc. and the flat side is used for finishing flat surfaces.

4. Round File - This is of round section tapering toward the end. It is used for enlarging holes,

producing internal round corners. Usually double cut in the larger sizes, and single cut for the

smaller sizes.

5. Square File - This is square in section, with tapered towards the tip, and usually double cut on

all four faces. It is used for filing rectangular slots or grooves.

6. Three Square File - It is also known as triangular file. This is a triangular in section, with

tapered towards the tip with double cut on both faces. It is used for filing corners or angles less

than 90°.

7. Needle Files - Needle files are a set of small files with their shapes made in a way similar to

the large ones. They are generally used for small and delicate works such as the repair of small

instruments.

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Wire stripper

Is used for removing insulation from

end of thin wires.

Hammers

Uses are for driving nails, fitting parts

and breaking up objects. Hammers are

often designed for a specific purpose,

and vary widely in their shape and

structure.

Punches/Chisels

- Chisels used to cut metal by driving them with a hammer

- Punches used for driving out pins, or aligning holes.

- If the end is mushroomed, grind it before using.

Box-End Wrench

Fit around a nut or bolt

Less slippage due to closed end of

wrench

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Combination Wrenches

One open-end and one box-end

Open-end is used in tight spaces

Box-end used in loosening and tightening

Different types of wrenches

Open end: used in tight spots

Close end: better grip of bolts

Combinations: combinations of both

12 point

6 points

Adjustable wrench

Adjustable Wrenches

Adjust to fit various size nuts and bolts

Wrench length will determine jaw

opening size

Soldering iron

Used for soldering/dis-soldering wire connection by heating and melting solder

The four main factors to consider when choosing a soldering iron are:

1) Wattage

2) Type of the soldering iron

3) Temperature control

4) Tip size and shape

Most of soldering irons used in the electronics are in range 15 – 60 Watts. Soldering electrical

wires could need greater than this range

Consist of a handle onto which is mounted the heating element.

‘Bit’ is the end of the heating element which heats the joint up.

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Test Lights

A test light is used to test for electricity.

A typical automotive test light consists of a

clear plastic screwdriver-like handle that

contains a light bulb.

Di-soldering bulb/ pump/ sucker

Used to take out a component when that component

needs to be di-soldered.

Goggles

Are used to protect the eye

from the injuries during

welding or from flying chips

during grinding and boring

holes on concert surface.

Gloves

Are used to protect the hand from

mechanical damage, the burning effect

or high voltage electrical installation.

e.g. 500v

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2.2 Common faults of hand tools

• Common injuries from working with hand and power tools?

– Electric shock

– Flash burns

– Hand and Eye injuries

– Crushing, cuts or losing a body part

3. Tools and test equipment

3.1 Using hand tools & test equipment

There is a tool for every purpose, and each tool is especially designed for a particular purpose.

Using another tool as a substitute for the correct tool is inviting injury.

Lay tools to be used neatly on the bench top. Place the cutting edge away from you. Do not

let the tools rub against each other. Make sure that sharp tools do not extend over the edges

of the bench.

Place heavy tools at the center of the bench where they will not be pushed off and fall. Place

tools with cutting edges, such as chisels, saws, and dividers, so that no one will be injured.

Keep the sharp edge or point of a tool down when you are carrying it. Do not swing your

arm or raise it above your hand. Do not carry sharp tools in your pocket. Carry only a few

tools at a time.

Hold the tool in a correct way when you are using it. Be careful when you use your hand,

finger (or thumb) to keep the tool in the right place when you are starting to cut something.

Use the tool in the correct way and for the correct purpose.

Keep tools properly sharpened. Hand tools such as wood chisels, saws, knives, planes etc.

should be used carefully. If these tools are dull, they can slip.

Make certain that all files have handles. See that handles of planes, hammers and mallets are

tight.

3.2 Personal protective equipment (PPE)

• The type of personal protective equipment (PPE) needed when using hand tools depends

on the nature of the task. At a minimum, eye protection should always be worn.

• The use of hand protection may also be appropriate to provide protection against cuts,

abrasion, and repeated impact.

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4. Maintain hand tools

4.1 Handling CLOTHING

Dress properly for work in workshop.

Remove loose or hanging clothing.

BODY CARE

Test the sharpness of tools on wood or paper, not on your hand.

Be careful when using your thumb as a guide in crosscutting and ripping.

Always cut outward, away from your body, when using a knife.

Make sure your hands are not in front of sharp-edged tools that are in use.

Use appropriate body protection when doing any operation that might endanger you.

4.2 Routine maintenance

Most hand tools are constructed of rust-resistant metals but they can still rust or corrode if not

properly maintained.

For best results and long tool life, the following steps should be taken:

Clean each tool before placing it back into the tool box.

Keep tools separated.

Line the drawers of the tool box with a material that will prevent the tools from

moving as the drawers are opened and closed.

Release the tension on all “clicker-type” torque wrenches.

Keep the tool box secure.

To ensure that your electric tools work when you need them, you must take proper care of

them. A good schedule of maintenance for your tools is one thing that you can do to make sure

that the tool you need is working when you need it.

Basic Maintenance Tips:

Clean out the Dust

Take some time to clean out the dust every once in a while on your tools while they are

sitting in storage.

Check up

Oil Some Electric Tools The electric tools in your toolbox that have a cutting surface should be lightly oiled to prevent

rust. Examine the cutting surface for rust to make sure that your tools are kept in good condition.

4.3 Storage Storing Your Tools

Keep your electric tools stored in their original cases and containers. This will keep them

free of dust and dirt while they are not being used.

Documents

HAND TOOLS TEST INSTRUMENT · Drilling, boring and ... raising and grinding tools - vises, ... There is a tool for every purpose, and each tool is especially designed for a particular