Hand talk doc 1

HAND TALK SYSTEM

CHAPTER- I

INTRODUCTION

Department Of ECE - Medha Institute Of Science & Technology For Women, Khammam 1

HAND TALK SYSTEM

1.1. PURPOSE

The main aim of the project is to implementing a hand talk system for the dumb people.

The dump people have difficulty in communicating with others .i.e. deaf people. Who

don’t understand sign language. In this purpose we are implementing this project.

1.2. TECHNOLOGY

In this project we are using Mems Accelerometer Sensor. i.e., MMA-7660FC is a low

power, low profile capacitive micro machined accelerometer which can detect freefall which can

be used as a device protection mechanism. In this project we are using the MEMS accelerometer.

This gives the readings of a particular object in three dimensions (x, y, and z). So if we move any

object in any of the direction then the corresponding values are taken by the accelerometer.

A well known example of this is for disk drive head protection. It is a 3-axis accelerometer

commonly called as free fall detection sensor. Because of a sleep mode pin on the accelerometer

makes it ideal for the handheld battery powered electronics.

Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is the integration of mechanical elements, sensors,

actuators, and electronics on a common silicon substrate through microfabrication technology.

While the electronics are fabricated using integrated circuit (IC) process sequences (e.g., CMOS,

Bipolar, or BICMOS processes), the micromechanical components are fabricated using

compatible "micromachining" processes that selectively etch away parts of the silicon wafer or

add new structural layers to form the mechanical and electromechanical devices.

An accelerometer is an instrument for measuring acceleration, detecting and measuring

vibrations, or for measuring acceleration due to gravity (inclination). Accelerometers can be used

to measure vibration on vehicles, machines, buildings, process control systems and safety

installations. They can also be used to measure seismic activity, inclination, machine vibration,

dynamic distance and speed with or without the influence of gravity.


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1.3. EMBEDDED SYSTEM-DESCRIPTION

Embedded systems are designed to do some specific task, rather than be a general-

purpose computer for multiple tasks. Some also have real time performance constraints that must

be met, for reason such as safety and usability; others may have low or no performance

requirements, allowing the system hardware to be simplified to reduce costs.

An embedded system is not always a separate block - very often it is physically built-in to the

device it is controlling.

The software written for embedded systems is often called firmware, and is stored in read-only

memory or flash convector chips rather than a disk drive. It often runs with limited computer

hardware resources: small or no keyboard, screen, and little memory.

Wireless communication has become an important feature for commercial products and a

popular research topic within the last ten years. There are now more mobile phone subscriptions

than wired-line subscriptions. Lately, one area of commercial interest has been low-cost, low-

power, and short-distance wireless communication used for \personal wireless networks."

Technology advancements are providing smaller and more cost effective devices for integrating

computational processing, wireless communication, and a host of other functionalities. These

embedded communications devices will be integrated into applications ranging from homeland

security to industry automation and monitoring. They will also enable custom tailored

engineering solutions, creating a revolutionary way of disseminating and processing information.

With new technologies and devices come new business activities, and the need for employees in

these technological areas. Engineers who have knowledge of embedded systems and wireless

communications will be in high demand. Unfortunately, there are few adorable environments

available for development and classroom use, so students often do not learn about these

technologies during hands-on lab exercises. The communication mediums were twisted pair,

optical fiber, infrared, and generally wireless radio.


HAND TALK SYSTEM

CHAPTER-II

BLOCK DIAGRAM


POWER SUPPLY

LCD

MEMS

VOICE IC SPEAKER

MICRO CONTROLLER UNIT(AT89S52)

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig: 2.1 Block Diagram

2.1. DESCRIPTION

POWER SUPPLY SECTION:

This section is meant for supplying Power to all the sections mentioned above. It

basically consists of a Transformer to step down the 230V ac to 9V ac followed by diodes. Here

diodes are used to rectify the ac to dc. After rectification the obtained rippled dc is filtered using

a capacitor Filter. A positive voltage regulator is used to regulate the obtained dc voltage.

MICROCONTROLLER SECTION:

This section forms the control unit of the whole project. This section basically consists of

a Microcontroller with its associated circuitry like Crystal with capacitors, Reset circuitry, Pull

up resistors (if needed) and so on. The Microcontroller forms the heart of the project because it


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controls the devices being interfaced and communicates with the devices according to the

program being written

LCD DISPLAY SECTION:

This section is basically meant to show up the status of the project. This project makes

use of Liquid Crystal Display to display / prompt for necessary information.

Many microcontroller devices use 'smart LCD' displays to output visual information.

LCD displays designed around Hitachi's LCD HD44780 module, are inexpensive, easy to use,

and it is even possible to produce a readout using the i8x80 p xels of the display. They have a

standard ASCII set of characters and mathematical symbols

MEMS:

Accelerometers are acceleration sensors. An inertial mass suspended by springs is acted

upon by acceleration forces that cause the mass to be deflected from its initial position. This

deflection is converted to an electrical signal, which appears at the sensor output. The application

of MEMS technology to accelerometers is a relatively new development.

MEMS promises to revolutionize nearly every product category by bringing together silicon-

based microelectronics with micromachining technology, making possible the realization of

complete systems-on-a-chip. MEMS is an enabling technology allowing the development of

smart products, augmenting the computational ability of microelectronics with the perception

and control capabilities of micro sensors and micro actuators and expanding the space of possible

designs and applications. \

VOICE IC:

Here we can store or record our voice in the ic and we can play back that voice

The APR9600 device offers true single-chip voice recording, non-volatile storage, and playback

capability for 40 to 60 seconds. The device supports both random and sequential access of

multiple messages. Sample rates are user- selectable, allowing designers to customize their

design for unique quality and storage time needs. Integrated output amplifier, microphone

amplifier, and AGC circuits greatly simplify system design. the device is ideal for use in portable

voice recorders, toys, and many other consumer and industrial applications.


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CHAPTER-III

HARDWARE COMPONENTS


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3.1. POWER SUPPLY

The power supplies are designed to convert high voltage AC mains electricity to a suitable low

voltage supply for electronic circuits and other devices. A power supply can by broken down into

a series of blocks, each of which performs a particular function. A d.c power supply which

maintains the output voltage constant irrespective of a.c mains fluctuations or load variations is

known as “Regulated D.C Power Supply”

FIG 3.1: Power Supply Unit

Transformer:

A transformer is an electrical device which is used to convert electrical power from

one Electrical circuit to another without change in frequency.

Transformers convert AC electricity from one voltage to another with little loss of

power. Transformers work only with AC and this is one of the reasons why mains electricity is

AC.


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Rectifier:

A circuit which is used to convert a.c to dc is known as RECTIFIER. The process of conversion

a.c to d.c is called “rectification”

Types of rectifiers:

Half wave Rectifier

Full wave rectifier

Filter:

A Filter is a device which removes the a.c component of rectifier output

but allows the d.c component to reach the load

Regulator:

Voltage regulator ICs is available with fixed (typically 5, 12 and 15V) or variable output

voltages. The maximum current they can pass also rates them. Negative voltage regulators are

available, mainly for use in dual supplies. Most regulators include some automatic protection

from excessive current ('overload protection') and overheating ('thermal protection'). Many of

the fixed voltage regulator ICs have 3 leads and look like power transistors, such as the 7805

+5V 1A regulator shown on the right. The LM7805 is simple to use. You simply connect the

positive lead of your unregulated DC power supply (anything from 9VDC to 24VDC) to the

Input pin, connect the negative lead to the Common pin and then when you turn on the power,

you get a 5 volt supply from the output pin.

Features:

• Output Current of 1.5A

• Output Voltage Tolerance of 5%


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3.2. MICROCONTROLLER:

The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of

in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density

nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry- standard 80C51 instruction

set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or

by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-

system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful

microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded

control applications. The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash,

256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters,

a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator,

and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to

zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops

the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue

functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling

all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset.

Features:

8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory

4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range

Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz

Three-level Program Memory Lock

256 x 8-bit Internal RAM

32 Programmable I/O Lines

Three 16-bit Timer/Counters

Eight Interrupt Sources

Full Duplex UART Serial Channel


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FIG 3.2: AT89S52 Pin Configuration

Pin Description:

VCC: Supply voltage.

GND: Ground.

Port 0 :

Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight

TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high impedance inputs.

Port 0 can also be configured to be the multiplexed low order address/data bus during accesses to

external program and data memory. In this mode, P0 has internal pull ups. Port 0 also receives

the code bytes during Flash programming and outputs the code bytes during program

verification. External pull ups are required during program verification.

Port 1 :

Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull ups. The Port 1 output buffers can

sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high by the


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internal pull ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled

low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull ups.

Port 2 :




low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull ups. Port 2 emits the high-order address

byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory

that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX @ DPTR). In this application, Port 2 uses strong internal pull-

ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit addresses (MOVX

@ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the

high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification.

Port 3 :




low will source current (IIL) because of the pull ups. Port 3 also serves the functions of various

special features of the AT89S52, as shown in the following table. Port 3 also receives some

control signals for Flash programming and verification.

RST

Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the

device. This pin drives High for 96 oscillator periods after the Watchdog times out.

The DISRTO bit in SFR AUXR (address 8EH) can be used to disable this feature. In the default

state of bit DISRTO, the RESET HIGH out feature is enabled.

ALE/PROG

Address Latch Enable (ALE) is an output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during

accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash

programming. In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator

frequency and may be used for external

timing or clocking purposes.


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PSEN

Program Store Enable (PSEN) is the read strobe to external program memory. When the

AT89S52 is executing code from external program memory.

PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped

during each access to external data memory.

EA/VPP

External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch code

from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH. Note, however, that if

lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset. EA should be strapped to VCC

for internal program executions. This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage

(VPP) during Flash programming.

XTAL1

Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit.

XTAL2

Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.

Oscillator Characteristics:

XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output, respectively, of an inverting amplifier

which can be configured for use as an on-chip oscillator either a quartz crystal or ceramic

resonator may be used. To drive the device from an external clock source, XTAL2 should be left

unconnected while XTAL1 is driven.There are no requirements on the duty cycle of the external

clock signal, since the input to the internal clocking circuitry is through a divide-by-two flip-flop,

but minimum and maximum voltage high and low time specifications must be observed.


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FIG 3.2.1: Oscillator Connections & External Clock Drive Configuration

3.3. VOICE IC(APR9600) :

3.3.1: Features :

Single-chip, high-quality voice recording & playback solution

o No external ICs required

o Minimum external components

Non-volatile Flash memory technology

No battery backup required

User-Selectable messaging options

o Random access of multiple fixed-duration messages

o Sequential access of multiple variable-duration messages

User-friendly, easy-to-use operation

o Programming & development systems not required

o Level-activated recording & edge-activated play back switches

Low power consumption

o Operating current: 25 mA typical

o Standby current: 1 uA typical

o Automatic power-down

Chip Enable pin for simple message expansion

3.3.2: General Description:

The APR9600 device offers true single-chip voice recording, non-volatile storage, and

playback capability for 40 to 60 seconds. The device supports both random and sequential access

of multiple messages. Sample rates are user- selectable, allowing designers to customize their


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design for unique quality and storage time needs. Integrated output amplifier, microphone

amplifier, and AGC circuits greatly simplify system design. The device is ideal for use in

portable voice recorders, toys, and many other consumer and industrial applications.

APLUS integrated achieves these high levels of storage capability by using its proprietary

analog/multilevel storage technology implemented in an advanced Flash non-volatile memory

process, where each memory cell can store 256 voltage levels.

This technology enables the APR9600 device to reproduce voice signals in their natural

form. It eliminates the need for encoding and compression, which often introduce distortion.

FIG 3.3: Voice IC (APR9600 DIP)

3.3.3: Functional Description:

APR9600 block diagram is included in order to describe the device's internal architecture. At the

left hand side of the diagram are the analog inputs. A differential microphone amplifier,

including integrated AGC, is included on-chip for applications requiring use. The amplified

microphone signals fed into the device by connecting the ANA_OUT pin to the ANA_IN pin

through an external DC blocking capacitor. Recording can be fed directly into the ANA_IN pin


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through a DC blocking capacitor, however, the connection between ANA_IN and ANA OUT is

still required for playback. The next block encountered by the input signal is the internal anti-

aliasing filter. The filter automatically adjusts its response According to the sampling frequency

selected so Shannon’s Sampling Theorem is satisfied. After anti-aliasing filtering is

accomplished the signal is ready to be clocked into the memory array. This storage is

accomplished through a combination of the Sample and Hold circuit and the Analog Write/Read

circuit. Either the Internal Oscillator or an external clock source clocks these circuits. When

playback is desired the previously stored recording is retrieved from memory, low pass filtered.

FIG 3.3.1: APR9600 Block Diagram

The signal can be heard by connecting a speaker to the SP+ and SP- pins. Chip-wide

management is accomplished through the device control block shown in the upper right hand

corner. Message management is provided through the message control block represented in the

lower center of the block diagram. More detail on actual device application can be found in the

Sample Application section. More detail on sampling control can be found in the Sample Rate

and Voice Quality section. More detail on Message management and device control can be

found in the Message Management section.

3.3.4: Signal Storage:


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The APR9600 samples incoming voice signals and stores the instantaneous voltage samples in

non-volatile FLASH memory cells. Each memory cell can support voltage ranges from 0 to 256

levels. These 256 discrete voltage levels are the equivalent of 8-bit (28=256) binary encoded

values. During playback the stored signals are retrieved from memory, smoothed to form a

continuous signal, and then amplified before being fed to an external speaker.

SPEAKER is used to produce the output.

3.4. MEMS DESCRIPTION (MMA 7660FC):

MEMS technology can be implemented using a number of different materials and manufacturing

techniques; the choice of which will depend on the device being created and the market sector in

which it has to operate.

In one viewpoint MEMS application is categorized by type of use.

Sensor

Actuator

Structure

In another view point mems applications are categorized by the field of application (Commercial

applications include):

Inkjet printers, which use piezo electrics or thermal bubble ejection to deposit ink on

paper.

Accelerometers in modern cars for a large number of purposes including airbag

deployment in collisions.

Accelerometers in consumer electronics devices such as game controllers (Nintendo

Wii), personal media players / cell phones (Apple iPhone, various Nokia mobile phone

models, various HTC PDA models) and a number of Digital Cameras (various Canon

Digital IXUS models). Also used in PCs to park the hard disk head when free-fall is

detected, to prevent damage and data loss.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_Digital_IXUS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_Digital_IXUS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wii

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbag

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerometer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectric

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkjet_printer

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MEMS gyroscopes used in modern cars and other applications to detect yaw; e.g. to deploy a roll

over bar or trigger dynamic stability control

3.4.1: MEMS ACCELEROMETER :

An accelerometer is an instrument for measuring acceleration, detecting and measuring

vibrations, or for measuring acceleration due to gravity (inclination). Accelerometers can be used

to measure vibration on vehicles, machines, buildings, process control systems and safety

installations. They can also be used to measure seismic activity, inclination, machine vibration,

dynamic distance and speed with or without the influence of gravity.

HOW DOES AN ACCELEROMETER WORK?

Used for calculating acceleration and measuring vibrations, the accelerometer is capable of

detecting even the slightest movements, from the tilting of a building to smallest vibration

caused by a musical instrument. Inside the accelerometer sensor minute structures are present

that produces electrical charges if the sensor experiences any movement.

Accelerometers need to be placed on the surface of the object in order to determine the

vibrations. It is not capable of work in isolation or apart from the object it is required to assess, it

must be firmly attached to the object in order to give precise readings.

3.4.2: KINDS OF ACCELEROMETER

The two kinds of basic accelerometers are:

1. ANALOG ACCELEROMETER


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_stability_control

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaw,_pitch,_and_roll

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEMS_gyroscope

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At times Inputs and output readings also matter especially when it comes to determining the kind

of accelerometer that needs to be placed on a certain object. If the output is digital then a digital

accelerometer must be placed and vice versa. The main feature of this accelerometer is that the

output tends to change when there is even a slight change in the input.

The most common type of this accelerometer is used in airbags of automobiles, to note the

sudden drop in the speed of the vehicle and to trigger the airbag release. Even laptops are now

being equipped with accelerometers in order to protect the hard drive against any physical

dangers, caused mainly due to accidental drops.

2. DIGITAL ACCELEROMETER

The digital accelerometer is more sophisticated than the analog. Here the amount of high voltage

time is proportional to the acceleration. One of its major advantages is that it is more stable and

produces a direct output signal. Accelerometers are now also used in aerospace and many

military applications, such as missile launch, weapon fire system, rocket deployment etc. Many a

times these accelerometers are used to protect fragile equipment during cargo transportation, and

report any strain that might cause a possible damage. Some companies have also managed to

develop a wireless 3-axis accelerometers which are not only low in cost but are also shock

durable. This 3-axis accelerometer has sensors that are used to protect mobiles and music

players. Also these sensors are used in some of the devices used for traffic navigation and

control.

3.4.3: ACCELEROMETER IS USED IN:

AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

Due to high demand and wide spread use of accelerometers in the automotive industry and new

hi-tech technology, these sensors are now light weight and are available at low cost and reduced

prices.

MICROPHONES


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Microphones also carry accelerometers. That is how they are able to detect the minute

frequencies.

ROBOTICS

The forces that can cause vibrations which are detected by the accelerometer can be static,

dynamic or gravitational. Certain accelerometers are rated G. G stands for Gravity. Such

accelerometers are used mostly in robotics. They are more sensitive to motion and can be

triggered at the slightest changes in gravitational pulls.

3.5. LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY:

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat display device made up of any number of

color or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector. Each pixel consists of

a column of liquid crystal molecules suspended between two transparent electrodes, and two

polarizing filters, the axes of polarity of which are perpendicular to each other. Without the

liquid crystals between them, light passing through one would be blocked by the other.

For an 8-bit data bus, the display requires a +5V supply plus 11 I/O lines. For a 4-bit data

bus it only requires the supply lines plus seven extra lines. When the LCD display is not enabled,

data lines are tri-state and they do not interfere with the operation of the microcontroller.

3.5.1: SIGNALS TO THE LCD

The LCD also requires 3 control lines from the microcontroller:

1) Enable (E)

This line allows access to the display through R/W and RS lines. When this line is low, the LCD

is disabled and ignores signals from R/W and RS. When (E) line is high, the LCD checks the

state of the two control lines and responds accordingly.

2) Read/Write (R/W)


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This line determines the direction of data between the LCD and microcontroller. When it is low,

data is written to the LCD. When it is high, data is read from the LCD.

3) Register select (RS):

With the help of this line, the LCD interprets the type of data on data lines. When it is low, an

instruction is being written to the LCD. When it is high, a character is being written to the LCD.

3.5.2: Pin Description :

Most LCDs with 1 controller has 14 Pins and LCDs with 2 controller has 16 Pins

(Two pins are extra in both for back-light LED connections).

Fig 3.5:Pin diagram of 2x16 line LCD

Writing and reading the data from the LCD:

Writing data to the LCD is done in several steps:

1) Set R/W bit to low

2) Set RS bit to logic 0 or 1 (instruction or character


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Fig 3.5.2: LCD PIN DESCRIPTION


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CHAPTER-IV

SOFTWARE COMPONENTS

4.1. KEIL:

It is possible to create the source files in a text editor such as Notepad, run the Compiler on each

C source file, specifying a list of controls, run the Assembler on each Assembler source file,

specifying another list of controls, run either the Library Manager or Linker (again specifying a

list of controls) and finally running the Object-HEX Converter to convert the Linker output file

to an Intel Hex File. Once that has been completed the Hex File can be downloaded to the target

hardware and debugged. Alternatively KEIL can be used to create source files; automatically

compile, link and covert using options set with an easy to use user interface and finally simulate

or perform debugging on the hardware with access to C variables and memory. Unless you have

to use the tolls on the command line, the choice is clear. KEIL Greatly simplifies the process of

creating and testing an embedded application.


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4.2. EMBEDDED C:

What is an embedded system?

An embedded system is an application that contains at least one programmable computer

and which is used by individuals who are, in the main, unaware that the system is computer-

based.

Which programming language should you use?

Having decided to use an 8051 processor as the basis of your embedded system, the next key

decision that needs to be made is the choice of programming language. In order to identify a

suitable language for embedded systems, we might begin by making the following observations:

Computers (such as microcontroller, microprocessor or DSP chips) only accept

instructions in ‘machine code’ (‘object codes’). Machine code is, by definition, in the

language of the computer, rather than that of the programmer. Interpretation of the code

by the programmer is difficult and error prone.

All software, whether in assembly, C, C++, Java or Ada must ultimately be translated

into machine code in order to be executed by the computer.

Embedded processors – like the 8051 – have limited processor power and very limited

memory available: the language used must be efficient.

4.3. µVISION3:

µVision3 is an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that helps you write, compile, and

debug embedded programs. It encapsulates the following components:

A project manager.

A make facility.

Tool configuration.

Editor.

A powerful debugger.

To help you get started, several example programs (located in the \C52\Examples, \C251\

Examples, \C166\Examples, and \ARM\...\Examples) are provided.

HELLO is a simple program that prints the string "Hello World" using the Serial

Interface.


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MEASURE is a data acquisition system for analog and digital systems.

TRAFFIC is a traffic light controller with the RTX Tiny operating system.

SIEVE is the SIEVE Benchmark.

DHRY is the Dhrystone Benchmark.

WHET is the Single-Precision Whetstone Benchmark.

Additional example programs not listed here are provided for each device architecture.

Building an Application in µVision2

To build (compile, assemble, and link) an application in µVision2, you must:

1. Select Project -(forexample,166\EXAMPLES\HELLO\HELLO.UV2).

2. Select Project - Rebuild all target files or Build target.

µVision2 compiles, assembles, and links the files in your project


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CHAPTER-V

SCREENSHOTS


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1. Click on the Keil u Vision Icon on Desktop

2. The following fig will appear

3. Click on the Project menu from the title bar

4. Then Click on New Project


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5. Save the Project by typing suitable project name with no extension in u r own folder

sited in either C:\ or D:\

6. Then Click on Save button above.

7. Select the component for u r project. i.e. Atmel……

8. Click on the + Symbol beside of Atmel


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9. Select AT89S52 as shown below

10. Then Click on “OK”

11. The Following fig will appear


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12. Then Click either YES or NO………mostly “NO”

13. Now your project is ready to USE

14. Now double click on the Target1, you would get another option “Source group 1” as

shown in next page.

15. Click on the file option from menu bar and select “new”


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16. The next screen will be as shown in next page, and just maximize it by double

clicking on its blue boarder.

17. Now start writing program in either in “C” or “ASM”

18. For a program written in Assembly, then save it with extension “. asm” and for “C”

based program save it with extension “ .C”


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19. Now right click on Source group 1 and click on “Add files to Group Source”

20. Now you will get another window, on which by default “C” files will appear.


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21. Now select as per your file extension given while saving the file

22. Click only one time on option “ADD”

23. Now Press function key F7 to compile. Any error will appear if so happen.

24. If the file contains no error, then press Control+F5 simultaneously.

25. The new window is as follows


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26. Then Click “OK”

27. Now Click on the Peripherals from menu bar, and check your required port as shown

in fig below

28. Drag the port a side and click in the program file.


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29. Now keep Pressing function key “F11” slowly and observe.

30. You are running your program successfully


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CHAPTER-VI

SCHEMATIC


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SCHEMATIC DESCRIPTION:

Firstly, the required operating voltage for Microcontroller 89S52 is 5V. Hence the 5V

D.C. power supply is needed by the same. This regulated 5V is generated by first stepping down

the 230V to 18V by the step down transformer.

In the both the Power supplies the step downed a.c. voltage is being rectified by the

Bridge Rectifier. The diodes used are 1N4007. The rectified a.c voltage is now filtered using a

‘C’ filter. Now the rectified, filtered D.C. voltage is fed to the Voltage Regulator. This voltage

regulator allows us to have a Regulated Voltage. In Power supply given to Microcontroller 5V is

generated using 7805 and in other two power supply 12V is generated using 7812. The rectified;

filtered and regulated voltage is again filtered for ripples using an electrolytic capacitor 100μF.

Now the output from the first section is fed to 40 th pin of 89S52 microcontroller to supply

operating voltage and from other power supply to circuitry.

The microcontroller 89S52 with Pull up resistors at Port0 and crystal oscillator of

11.0592 MHz crystal in conjunction with couple of capacitors of is placed at 18 th & 19th pins of

89S52 to make it work (execute) properly.

Port 0:

P0 is connected to the data pins of the LCD.

Port 2:

MEMS pins are connected to the port P2.0 to P2.2.

P2.5, P2.6, P2.7 are connected to control pins of the LCD.

Port 3:

Voice IC pins are connected to the port P1.0 to P1.5.

20th is connected to GROUND

40th is connected to VCC


HAND TALK SYSTEM

FIG 6.1: Schematic Diagram


HAND TALK SYSTEM

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION:

This system mainly consists of different analog parameters that need to operate with some

means of wireless communication systems. To operate the required operating voltage for

Microcontroller 89S52 is 5V. This regulated 5V is generated by stepping down the voltage from

230V to 12V, now the step downed a.c voltage is being rectified by the Bridge Rectifier using

1N4007 diodes. The rectified a.c voltage is now filtered using a ‘C’ filter. Now the rectified,

filtered D.C. voltage is fed to the Voltage Regulator. This voltage regulator provides/allows us to

have a Regulated constant Voltage which is of +5V. The rectified; filtered and regulated voltage

is again filtered for ripples using an electrolytic capacitor 100μF. Now the output from this

section is fed to 40th pin of 89S52 microcontroller to supply operating voltage. The

microcontroller 89S52 with Pull up resistors at Port0 and crystal oscillator of 11.0592 MHz

crystal in conjunction with couple of 30-33pf capacitors is placed at 18 th & 19th pins of 89S52 to

make it work (execute) properly.

In this project we have to scroll the display of LCD Display using MEMS technology

accelerometer. This project contains three parts one is accelerometer section second is serial

ADC and the third is PC. According to the acceleration of the hand the display in the LCD

should scroll up, down, right and left.

Here the accelerometer will record the acceleration of the hand and it is transferred to the

microcontroller using serial ADC. Then the micro controller will give signal to the LCD

according to the data given by the serial ADC. There will be a display scroll in the LCD.


HAND TALK SYSTEM

CHAPTER-VII

APPLICATIONS


HAND TALK SYSTEM

APPLICATIONS

Medical applications.

Wheel chair direction controlling.

Robotic applications.


HAND TALK SYSTEM

CHAPTER-VIII

CONCLUSION


HAND TALK SYSTEM

CONCLUSION

The project “HAND-TALK SYSTEM” has been successfully designed and tested.

It has been developed by integrating features of all the hardware components used.

Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully thus contributing to the

best working of the unit.

Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s and with the help of growing technology the project has

been successfully implemented


HAND TALK SYSTEM

CHAPTER-IX

BIBLIOGRAPHY


HAND TALK SYSTEM

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The 8051 Micro controller and Embedded Systems

Muhammad Ali Mazidi Janice Gillispie Mazidi

The 8051 Micro controller Architecture, Programming & Applications

Kenneth J.Ayala

Fundamentals Of Micro processors and Micro computers

B.Ram

Micro processor Architecture, Programming & Applications

Ramesh S. Gaonkar

Electronic Components

D.V. Prasad

Wireless Communications

Theodore S. Rappaport

Mobile Tele Communications William C.Y. Lee


Documents

Hand talk doc 1