Upload
aemerlo
View
224
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
1/273
http://www.cambridge.org/97811070050067/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
2/273
This page intentionally left blank
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
3/273
PooP TPo T
o K T To C TC To
T k w k
. W
w w .
K, , , z, ,
, x w ,
w f ,
w ,
w x .
x :
.
espen hammer P P T U,P. Stanley Cavell: Skepticism, Subjectivity, and
the Ordinary(2002) Adorno and the Political(2005),
German Idealism: Contemporary Perspectives(2007).
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
4/273
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
5/273
o UoP PooP
General Editor
W T, University of Essex
Advisory Board
BT G , University College, London
BT C -P , University of Essex
UG, University of California, Berkeley
Some recent titles
k. o:Heidegger and the Ground of Ethics
G Z:Fichtes Transcendental Philosophy
W Bk:Marx, the Young Hegelians, and the
Origins of Radical Social Theory
W B:Heideggers Temporal Idealism
C Gw: Adam Smith and the Virtues of EnlightenmentG G:Pragmatic Liberalism and the Critique of Modernity
W:Kants Ethical Thought
Kk: Kant and the Fate of Autonomy
: Hegel and Aristotle
C :Heidegger, Language, and World-Disclosure
W:Thomas Reid and the Story of Epistemology
:Heideggers Concept of Truth
G:Kants Doctrine of Transcendental Illusion
: Kants Theory of Taste
: Hegel, Literature, and the Problem of Agency
J. . B :Adorno
W :Hegel, Nietzsche, and Philosophy
T C:Heideggers Analytic
:The Philosophy and Politics of Bruno Bauer
B:The Innovations of IdealismJ w:Kierkegaards Relations to Hegel Reconsidered
Q: Hegels Concept of Action
W :Foucault and Classical Antiquity
. W: Hegels Philosophy of Reality, Freedom, and God
J ok:Foucault on Freedom
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
6/273
B : Kant on the Human Standpoint
W : Theories of Judgment
:Leo Strauss and the Theologico-Political Problem
o :Kants Cosmopolitan Theory of the Law and Peace
B :Hegels Critique of Metaphysics
Zk:Kant on Beauty and Biology
w Bw:Music, Philosophy, and Modernity
P :Analytic Philosophy and the Return of Hegelian Thought
K Gj:Gadamer and the Legacy of German Idealism
J-C :German Idealism and the Concept of Punishment
Kk:Kierkegaard on Faith and Love
W:Husserl and the Promise of TimeBj :Hegel on the Modern Arts
Bx:Kants Theory of Virtue
J:Fichtes Social and Political Philosophy
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
7/273
PooP
TPo T o K T
To C TC To
P Temple University, Philadelphia
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
8/273
cambridge univers ity press
C, w k, , , C Tw,
, P, , Tk, x C
C U P
T B, C cb2 8ru, UK
P U C U P, w k
2011
T . j x
,
k w w
C U P.
2011
P U K U P, C
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data
, .
P T K C T / .
. . ( P)
x.
isbn 978-1-107-00500-6 (k)
1. T. 2. P, . 3. C .. T. . .
bd638.h2755 2011
115.090322
2010049737
isbn 978-1-107-00500-6 k
C U P
url x - w
, w , w , .
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
9/273
CoTT
Acknowledgments pagex
1
1 T 11
2 37
3 Tw 58
4 z 71
5 97
6 T z 125
7 : z 144
8 161
9 q 188
C 236
Bibliography 243
Index 255
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
10/273
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
11/273
x
CK oW GT
C 8 Graduate Faculty Philosophy
Journal 29:1 (2008), . 199225. k
C 200506
wk . k w
2008. Tk, ,
U x T
U wk
200607 2010. w ,
, , w w-
k . k
J B, C,
, T k, z G, P G,
x , -P , J , T Pk,
, . V P
T U, U
P, w
w 2005 2008 .-
k w, K, w ,
, .
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
12/273
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
13/273
1
Qess ab he ae me have always pzzle he phl-
sphally spse m. Wha ae he esseal ppees me?
Hw a we kw hem? Hw es me elae he ameal
eaes a as he vese sh as spae, ss le, a he
ee eves a he es? es ayhg exs
bey me? s, wha may seem lke a eeg seqee eve
passg ws, me a mee sess see mmes, es
hab a me ameal y? s me eal sme sesea he hma pespeve? he qess asg m eve
he bees a ms asal ee me ae mes, f-
l, a, we e hk, p.
me sel a eve be mae ely pese expeee.
Evaese a agble he p appeag gaspable,
eveheless pemeaes a, a sese, gves eveyhg ha akes
plae. sslves hgs, pesses, a eves as he me he bemg, a ye s ypally epesee by meas spae
a spaaly, as hgh me wee a mee mem mveme.
expeee me efes sh a easy ef, hweve, a seems
vlve meal ables sh as emembeg, syheszg, a
apag. As Agse es a e-qe passage he
Confessions, kw well egh wha [me] s, pve ha byasks me; b am aske wha s a y expla, am bae.1
May phlsphes eese qess me have sse me as a absa ep, exlg ly he ela hma
epalza a agey b ay assa wh he we sal,
1 Agse, Confessions, as. . S. Pe-f (Hamswh: Peg Bks,1961), p. 264.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
14/273
Introduction2
psyhlgal, a plal mess hma exsee ha ae
se sples sh as hsy, ahplgy, mpaave l-
eae, a slgy. me has bee a bje meaphyss.
hs sy wll ea m asg ay he peeal mea-
physal qess me. My ees, ahe, s hma exsee
me a wha meas exs empally.2 hs ega, wll
be makg hee gg ye al lams. he fs s ha -
ssess me, he way we elae me a ake p, a lage
exe s a hsally meae hzs meag.
shemaza me s expessve ees as kwg
a esg begs, whle als eg hese ees. awg
phlsphal epeas elag spef sal eales, e, he ws, exple hw ages, beg a leas paly
sel-legslave a sel-epeve, experience me, a wha hemplas may be sh expeee. he se gg lam
s ha hee s smehg pela ab he me mey (
wha wll eqae wh Wese mey e sgsh
m he a pssbly ee pesses meza -
g elsewhee).3 he me mey, whh wll age mpses
spef sas wha we a ake hma exsee me eal, s lse m s eswhle assa wh aal yles
a pesses beme a sehae sess esseally
hmgees w-ps. hall sh mmes hages as
baza, selaza, mmealza, ehza,
as well as a eve geae ease sal mplexy, he le
me sees a sbjes s a emesly eale a ve-
whelmg egee gaze wh eeee he hmee, he
epesea me ag a pple sessve sas,
2 The Time of Our Lives: A Critical History of Temporality(ambge, Mass.: M Pess,2009), p. x, av zes Hy sgshes bewee me efe as lk-me
a empaly efe as me s a as maess sel hma exsee.
A s bewee lk-me a lve me wll be mpa hs bk as well,
alhgh sgsh gsly bewee me a empaly. As see ,
hs wl have bee e-pve gve he a ha hs emlgy s
emplye ssely, eve a all, by he hkes wll be sssg.
3 he Webea qes ab he qeess Wese meza has eely
bee he sbje a l ebae. hee ae hse, llwg Webe, wh e
beleve ha hee s smehg qe ab he Wese pess meza,
a ha, whle qe, aes a vesal sgfae. ay, hweve, s m-
m alk ab a plaly ee pesses meza. Se my w
ep meza s ameally Webea, wll es my fgs
a Wese ex a leave he qes vesaly pe.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
15/273
Introduction 3
eah whh has a smla wegh, leag a lea e m
a pas ha s ge eve a ye aalze e. As wll
age, hs empal fga ases a mbe exseal a
ehal-plal qess. My h gg lam s ha hs evel-
pme has spake s w phlsphal sse mey,
whh key fges he ps-Kaa a have exple, a
may ases ze, he amfas he ampa sla-
a me, sehae me-ssess.4
he avaages wgh by a sehae me-ssess
ae bh bvs a mes. Ms skgly makes pssble a
ew a emsly eeve sysem pesely ag sal
ea. Wh he hmee mes a vas ease sple,efey, a sal spee, asmg evey maj s
Wese sees. he ay s ally lk-base, a s s he -
e fe evme a ba spae geeal, as well as pvae
le. aspa, bsess, he w ma, ee evey-
hg we , ehe ale wh hes, s a geae lesse exe
lle by he lk. Meve, he vey ea pgess, whh a
be ae bak hsa eps pvee, s lagely we
ehlgal va, pesppsg a lea ep meag whh he pas s eevable a he e a pe
hz. he beforea after, he ea ha hsy es mveme,hage, a evelpme s base appeals lks a aleas.
Pehaps ms skgly, he se he exa sees a me
sal ehlgy wl have bee pssble wh a bje-
vs, lk-base esag me. s mpssble mage
he me wl wh he lk.
F may he eal ps-Kaa hkes, hweve, lg
Hegel, Shpehae, ezshe, Heegge, a A, he se-
ga exeal, s-hsally sae ahy wh s pe-
me ms me-ssess has bgh ab a we-agg
4 he ea aalyzg a leas selee pas he ps-Kaa a Epea
phlsphy as egage sme ype exee ebae ve he ae, pmses,
a ( may ases) ssasas mey s by meas ew. eaes pm-
ely Jge Habemass eal syThe Philosophical Discourse of Modernity,as. Feek G. Lawee (ambge, Mass.: M Pess, 1987) a has bee
pse seable eph by Has Blmebeg, Mhel Fal, he W.
A, Le Sass, a may hes. Hweve, a s a has epee
he sse mey ems maly pblems elae empaly a
a. F a g vevew, see be Ppp, Modernism as a Philosophical Problem(ambge, Mass. a x: Blakwell, 1991).
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
16/273
Introduction4
sese ssasa. sme saes, sh as hse Hegel a
ezshe, hs has le he emmea ew a, hese
phlsphes vew, emapay ms mmme. Hweve,
may hem has bee vewe as a peal hea bh agey
a mva. me, allae a mmfe, s sehae
beme a sess evesble w-ps be ake p by
he smeal pss a ps-veal age, he evey a-
al eay, whehe ah sesa, sas age beg
eee hllw val. lk-me, whle a hmgees ese,
leg sel be exple by aal a allave behav, s
empy a m, ev ay s sese sgfae.
he am hs sy s aalyze a sss hw he empallyee expeee eay ampayg he pepeal a
yam pess meza fs a lal espse he a-
phlsphal ee m Ka A.5 w e-
ee sses, bh elae sbjeve ees meza, ase
hs ega. e s he lak existential meaning a wl whhew pemae a esbjevely valae lal, spal,
ehal, aeshe exs whh expeee he bgess
vale ae aepe. Lak meag, age, s a heme ages a me seys essa es pe-gve
ahy a vale-paes. Wh he es he vas -
exs ha ga hma le exseal meag a m, a whh
pem he ma aaves ha a esbjevely bg
ash a geeae bh val a lleve meag, a q-
a ss sbjevy begs emege. As es ae sbjevze,
ages sa elag smeally hem, a he ss gws eve
eepe. he me meely wag aheve a sbjevely a, m
he p vew ay sh meag-gvg exs, abaly se
e s empy, meagless, a sel-slyg.
Ahe mpa e s he hagg a hage expe-
ee transitoriness. a aal meaphysal a a-seee, lke ha Plasm, he aeqae ehal espse
he a empaly (a hee asess) sse
yg ve a emply pees a paes evas. Bypyg he sl hgh aal esa papa e
5 hee llw Mashall Bema, wh All That Is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience ofModernity(ew Yk: Peg Bks, 1988) ssely speaks mesm as aea meza.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
17/273
Introduction 5
essee, , as hsay, hgh salva, he hma beg
l mph ve me a be e, ae he be eahly sj,
wh he asee sphee mmable beg. Selaza,
elgheme aalsm, a skepsm have lagely eme
hs appeal aseee, heeby aally asmg hw
ages ae able epe a make sese ameal as
le sh as embme, seg, a eah. ee, he se-
ga meaphyss beame a elgal hallmak me-
y sel, plag ma a ee hsy, a hsal me, ha,
whe lly selaze, sehes efely he e, wh
pssbly aheypal e epe, leavg he me
age pse he gals exlsvely ela he w apay ams eas-gvg. aem wh he emegg sal
a gve mpa physals epeas me ( lk-
me), ages have easgly bee le peeve me as a mee s-
ess hmges sas ev ay hee meag ha
l jsy he expeee aal gey mae pssble by
hs me ame. asess bas a pala sgfae pe-
sely bease he me he ave me age s mease
eve-me pes ses, mes, ays, a mhs ha ee be qee a lle.
Phlsphy has by meas bee he ly fel whh me
me a me-ssess has spake ee. he as, a
espeally leae, hee ae mes a pwel espses
hs sse. As ealy as hs 1916 syThe Theory of the Novel, GegLks lame ha me s he key esag he me
vel, a ha ly he vel has bee able egse lly hw m-aely he alea me sbjevy m a sese bjeve
ppse s ee hagg eps me.6 Mh he
gwg by al sse Mael Pss Remembrance ofThings Pasthas bee examg hw he elashp bewee mea meza s eee leay m.7 he vel, pa-
la, pves hsal ex a sbjeve vewps, heeby
bgg he eleva phemea lgh ways ha phlsph-
al ex s able mah. Whle e amplshe epeg he
6 See Geg Lks, The Theory of the Novel, as. Aa Bsk (L: Mel Pess,1978), p. 121.
7 See, example, Jla Kseva, Proust and the Sense of Time, as. Sephe Ba (ewYk: lmba vesy Pess, 1993) a Mallm Bwe, Proust among the Stars(ew Yk: lmba vesy Pess, 1998).
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
18/273
Introduction6
geeal sgfae sh maes, phlsphy has ypally she
qess wh ex a lve sbjevy.8 As wll y
shw, hweve, whle he hsal mes s e ly mpl,
s eve mpleely abse; hs my ask as a epee has bee
bg lgh a ea he eleva phlsphal exs as esp-
g he w sal s a he ype expeee hese
s make pssble. heee e a eeag ea e-
al epeseaves he me Epea a, ee m
ha avae by saa hses me phlsphy, e
seek hem a l appah he e ge ela-
shp bewee meza a me-ssess. Appeaaes
whsag, he phlsphy wll be ealg wh s ee a s-se , as well as a espse , mey.
Alhgh hpe emsae he ealy he qes
me ay ppe a he phlsphal sse me-
y, wll pve eass beleve ha he ma espses
he emegee a me ep me ae emesly
pesasve. esg a a ha s m Ka ve Hegel
Shpehae, ezshe, Heegge, a ea he fges
assae wh he ealy Fak shl, wll he ayage ha hey ae all ae wh vey gh halleges hgh sme
me s ha hes. he ps av wll be base, hgh
lsely, as mg he wgs Es Blh, Wale
Bejam, a he W. A.
he fs hape s pemaly mehlgal. he am hee s
make plasble he ea ha me a, a ee shl, be aalyze
wh eeee pblly esable ses egageme ha,
whe emplye shemaze eps, pve me wh sgfae.
Whle apable beg se vas ways, hey a eve be m-
pleely eplae by bjevs aals eps me. mp-
ae my agme s he fs-pes p vew a s elevae
esag he ks espses ages ae able mse whe
8 e e exep hs eey s hales ayls A Secular Age(ambge,Mass. a L: Hava vesy Pess, 2007). p. 3, ayl ees sela-
y, hs bje phlsphal vesga, as beg a mae he whle ex
esag whh mal, spal elgs expeee a seah akes
plae. He es ha by ex esag hee, mea bh maes
ha wll pbably have bee explly mlae by alms eveye, sh as he pl-
aly ps, a sme whh m he mpl, lagely sse bakg
hs expeee a seah, s pe-lgy, se a Heeggea em.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
19/273
Introduction 7
elag hese ses. als e a be a aave, ag-
g ha lve me es be se alg aave les.
he se hape peses hsal maeal a epeas
egag he se a me ssess me. y shw
hw, wh he se mey, aal hages he gaza
eveyay le spe wh he Elgheme qe mea-
physs a he mmme pgess geeae a ew sese
me a es plae . Ampayg hese vas hages s a hge
asma ses sel-epea a a-ea-
. Fm havg bee se by appeals pe-gve ms
symbl ahy, hey gaally beme ee was he -
mal a smeal, sevg maly sbjeve ahe ha bjevees. he hape es by eyg w mpa sas he
me expeee empaly ha wll sbseqely ase s-
e: fs, he vesalza lea, hmgees me, whh
aalzes he age-l pblem asess, allg sbsa-
ve eepalzas mas ela sey, hes, a
hs w maly; a, se, he ea was pgess
whh wll sa wh he splaeme a,
he ms exeme ases, eje wh seable ehal aexseal seqees vablaes expessve he ahg
ees a ab lleve meag a ppse.
hape 3 se w espses he me mey: e
Kaa a e Asela. he Kaa saegy s age ha
aally ese pjes pjes ae by a age apable
aal sel-eema a vlve he k alea
ha assae wh he me me ame. Hweve, se he exe-
se pe a eexalze amy s sel peae he
aepae a sehae empaly, llws ha he sses
asess a exseal meag g away. By as, he
Asela saegy s eeve a aleave empaly base
he ea praxis. Hee he avy s s w e, he lfllg expess a esbjevely ese lal mmme, a me, ahe
ha beg es wh a smeal amewk, s heze
as a fel, a eablg mem, whh meagl a aha aws hsally bg, aal paes a a
epea a . age ha alhgh sh a Asela
qe mey s sme ways pmsg, eesmaes he
fles vlve ejeg he empal emy me le,
seekg ege a algehe eals a-mesm.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
20/273
Introduction8
hape 4 Hegel a exame he es bewee,
he e ha, hs hey me a, he he, hs ealy
epea Epea mey. he bass hs hey
me, whh epes me ems he eessay lg
a aal pess, Hegels hey ams elmae he ehal a
exseal seqees he sehae me me ame.
As a m le a embe ss ha sel-ssly
expess , Hegels Geists a sel-eemg aal se whseevelpme s heely meagl. he ealy a, hweve,
Hegel pas a mh ake pe, espeally Epea me-
y a he halleges mpses he ma a ams
m sbjevy. hs aemp eveal he ess beweehs meaphyss me a hs hkg ab he ss me
sbjevy.
shap pps hs val Hegel, Shpehae, wh s maly
ee wh he pblems fe a asess, ejes
he aaly as a mmae pess sel-ealza,
sea eg a a aseee. hape 5 aalyze
hs a me a aeshe expeee, agg ha hs vs
Pla aseee es aeqaely eslve he pblem asess. als sgges ha he Shpehaea vew ep-
eses a melahl espse me: esg aep fe
a asess, exemplfes a essae me ems wh
lss a heeby m.
g, hape 6, he ealy ezshe, sss hw hs -
qe Elgheme aalsm, embee a a Geek
agey, leas he avay a pe-me, ylal esag
me ppse he gey a evesbly lea me.
ppse ha he ealy ezshe, eass eal hs a,
als ey me ahes apable eg he k
-eeve assae ha he ees e g hs ps.
he lae ezshe, exame hape 7, zes all aemps
egae ase le, assag hem wh hlsm. Aepg a-
see bemes a mae afmg he pas as eevably ge;
s aep ha hg lass whle essg he ese esablsh amelahl aahme he ls bje. fally aalyze ezshes
ambs aemp ehk he me by meas hs -
ep he eeal eee he same. zg ezshe,
sgges ha e hs epes eg he me ss
empal awaeess s sasay. he appeal myh s egessve;
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
21/273
Introduction 9
he ave hlsm hs lae wk s apable slvg he pb-
lems whh s esge esp. pala, e ha
se, hs a, hee a be hse emas p he
sel, he eas beg pesee by ezshes bermenschemawh ay bg vale. he eeg ese was he a-
se wl bemes a asss game apable vemg he
pblem hlsm.
Whle bh Shpehae a ezshe s maly as-
ess, Heegge, whse wk sss hape 8, s he
pblem meag me geeally. hs aalyss he ela
bewee me-ssess a meys aheveme a sela
e make by he ps amy a ehlgal masey,he esablshes a lk bewee aalze mey a bem.
pala mpae my ppses s ha Heegge esas
bem as a e a pal a wh he empess
haaezg a mee sess mally hmges mmes
me. Me ehlgal evmes, a ee me
sey geeal, ae se sh as pele he pssbly
meagl egageme. hey ae, Heegges vew, qe sm-
ply bg. lgh hs agss sss Heegges appeal a mmme. By akg ll espsbly es sel-
ef a by mplag he sel es egagemes, expe-
ee aga bemes meagl a sgfa, a he awaeess
me lge a be. ask hw sessl hs a eally s.
pala age ha hs eps mmme a ahey
esseally ema sk wh he paamees a me, se-
hae empal emy.
hess psmey vaably lam ha he me pje,
wh s vas mea-aaves pgess, va, a emapa-
, has me a e, a ha wha we w wess s a emesly
pevasve a exlsve ea was he pese, he gve, a
he appeag (as ppse ay eps essee g).9
9 he ms eal sy he ep he psme has bely bee
Jea-Fas Lyas The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, as. GeBeg a Ba Massm (Meapls: vesy Mesa Pess, 1999).
See als Ga Vam, The End of Modernity: Nihilism and Hermeneutics in PostmodernCulture, as. J . Sye (Balme: Jhs Hpks vesy Pess, 1988) aFe James, The Seeds of Time(ew Yk: lmba vesy Pess, 1994). F age exps he ela bewee mes elges ha make eeee
he ew a he psme eje hs aegy, see Bs Gys, ber dasNeue:Versuch einer Kulturkonomie(Mh: al Hase Velag, 1992).
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
22/273
Introduction10
he vew, ehlgal avaeme has ee hs ps: he
emes eases physal a maal spee have mae
hz expea less a he aaves we s
egag hsal evelpme a hage ha he me mme-
ae emas a eses val ages. Alhgh hese evel-
pmes, whh exame hape 9, seem eable, sgges ha
he vales a pblems mey have bee eely spesee
by he emegee he psme. he ay, esag
a zg he pese eqes a hgh aalyss wha wll all
a mes ssess me. hs, wll aalyze a ps a-
g whh lve me s es ems he sbjes ela
a m mmae aseee. F Blh, Bejam, a A,he me pgessve meza s empy a hmgees,
a by exes he same s e he pae w psm-
e empaly. eg hs me ame a s sal s
hey e a se al ls wh whh hk ly ab
me b ab expeee a ehs. Ag he vew exavae
a exaplae m he wgs, me, whle pemaly hm-
gees, asally pems a mes aley ae he eg,
heeby plag a elashp ehally eleva espsbly. le hape 9 by agg ha he pblem exsg me ms
be elae a sal qe. Whe he sbje fs sel a
ps beg aesse by a sgfa a ahave, ye lm-
aely sblme, he, he slay me bem a empess has he
peal be asme a mm pje. e by hg
was he plal mplas hs p.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
23/273
11
1
b g wk
zg -K g
d . d b ddg
x d,
, d d ; d k
dg w d
. w , qua,
x b zd - w d dxd
jdg, d z - d bg -
b db d . d w
b : d d d ,
x, d . U, gb
g bkgd bg b -
, b g d d g ., d d d g-
() d , (b) bw g
d w, d () g, ggg
w w w .
.
bk dd d g db w w dd d xd in mod-
ernity. bj, , g k d
d g, d
d d dg w
g. b x wkg
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
24/273
The historicity o time12
d g d j , dd
g w , ,
, - w , -
g g - b d b d .
d b g b d.
, g, d d-
b zg g , ddg
, d, d z. d
g -g,
b d d; b dd
w g g
, z, g d , d b , w wd x,
d wd , d : -
b w w d
b dd d d, d db dg
d k g w . d
b d, g, dd w
j w d g d-
. d w b . , x, ,
g : bg b
d d dd w ,
ddg d w. , b ,
w , dg -
, d bgg d .
J g gd b gg w, ,
wd , , w b, d
g. , , ahistoricald ,
dd w, w w d b-
w w g b g
d g d . -
b , d, d,
d , d k. .
. bj d -dg.
d d d bk
? D w w
ddg ?
d. , , wd
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
25/273
Physical vs. social time 13
b bgd w b g -
k . wg
bj k gd w wdg b
d.
, w, d , , bg
. W wd x
wd w , d
, g g, dg g,
w Bg Bg, d g d. -
d d ; wd bd
d , g kg, g- w
g .1
w d k b wd d , w
wk w bg d,
g g, d (d dd
- wdw) could not be possible without them.
d k g qd
w b
. wd k
d d bb xd w. g d b -b g , w, d w w w bg
k , -
d g fd w
g d . W d
b b g g b ggd
w. Ag d b ggd
wb w g
f d x d-d d x -
. dd, d
1 d b d g g-d
d b wd b
. J. . . gg, U , Mind17
(1908), . 45673, A d d , ,
d . A g g
, d d
(. 458), d x b d -
gg (x k , w , d w b
) b k d zb. d gg w
g b x, d w k w . w, A
; .
gg w B , w dd
, .. g .
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
26/273
The historicity o time14
gz j k g
wk, , , , , , d, dd,
d gzb j. W b d
d d , w
k d d d w
g wd b d . A w
g d, , K gd
, x d
x ( b x
d, , d x); ,
dg w , , d bj, d bg
w d b w - d w.2
b g
d
? d () w
d, , d k -
g d bj ,
, w - g dd
w d jg w wd b wd b d b
g g , b b -
g w. w, w b -
d, wd w g
d g wd b bdg or us. x-
, w g d , d
b , dd, g .
g d, wd, b d- d
. w g
, -
wk w w dd ,
g w b .3 wd b
q w -ddg g.
2 K,Critique o Pure Reason, . N K (Ld: ,
1986), B219: d duration, succession, d coexistence.
w, , b , d
w b x, d dd k b.
3 db dg b w
, w d w b
g . x w, x k, Eight Lectures
on Theoretical Physics, . A. . W (Nwk: b U , 1915),
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
27/273
Physical vs. social time 15
w d w k
dkg, wd b b k
g b ,
d f, d wd. b ,
d, db ,
b bd w d f .
W d d, w, x k kg
gb b d , wd b
, , d x,
d j, wd d
g . dkg wd b x w
d b w dg d b k -ddg. A , bj-
w d g b w
d ddg .
D d wb
w , d , w d-
b , d g-? d
g wd wk
bw w , d wd d, , d d z
. Ag, gg g-
, g d,
w w wd
w d d g -ddg,
d d b bw -
d d .
d wk bw w
d d, qg
k bw d
. g- w, w x-
d , d .
g, d, d bg
g b w dd
k w dwg - d. wd dg
. 120. x d w, dgg,
, Supplements:From the Earliest Essays toBeing and Time
and Beyond, . . . , . W. U, d J. B (Ab, N..: UN
, 2002), . 55.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
28/273
The historicity o time16
d b wd . w
dd, w, z,
d, b d bw
w . dz, w g ,
g d -
; bj ( )
fg g d -
w . g k-
b wd d x d. A
w d g d, d d
k- d d w g
d gd w x bg . g -
d . d
d gz wkg d
g d g , w d
, d b d
w wd dd -
. zd
d, kg d d d, d dg d g
dd wg d b d
d w dd k d d.4
q d g d dg w
b .
Nw d ddg d g
d - b dg -
d d; d ;
d b zd bg
? Adg dd -
, b ,
jg dd dg , f
4 d w b d w ,
, d wd gg
b d wd b d w d d.
B g w b z, w d
k- z wb k wd
d dd. b b d /
wd d, The Theory o Communicative Action, . ii, Lieworld and
System: A Critique o Functionalist Reason, . (B: B
, 1985), . 11398.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
29/273
Physical vs. social time 17
d g d d. Adg
kg, b d -
b; , b X d X d
xd, d b . X, X ,
dd b g, b.5 A
d d , d d b b, w w g
b g d b
dd bthe nature o things. d
W d b d
, w wd bb g
. , - wd
b d, g d g k d d wd b d, g-
g ddg . , w d
w . d, g,
d kd g -
, d, (d g)
. ,
jdg
g d. A b, jdg g construction bg d w
dd . b w
w f g d d. W
d g, d w bj
. b ,
, b because d g.
; b kdd dd; d w k b d
w bj -.
N w, , d -
bw bj, d bj
d, ggd b bd-
g b -
jdgg d g, d w w
w dd wd g b gb .g dd d
, w d
5 kg, The Social Construction o What?(bdg, .: d U
, 2000), . 6.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
30/273
The historicity o time18
b b b andb -
g : w must ,
w b gb d
wd b jdzd. w wg w
d d d d k-
. k w w
gz x. b; d
d wd. d b g
b w w ,
d b w w k d x.
wd, b d j
d dbg d x b d, w gdd .
, , gw w
w, d d
x w w w .6
-
d d g w w k d , w , b
x
, w d -.7
d b d w. W -
d,
b d dg -ddg
b dd x b, ,
g d q. wd d
g d w , w
g d g.
6 dbd k The Claim o Reason: Wittgenstein,
Skepticism, Morality, and Tragedy(xd U , 1979), . 119: W w k
b g d . g b
d w w w wd b g ,
g w w d. W ,
d x w x g,
w g g. Ad w d kw w w w
g. B d d k
x .
7 G Zeitbewusstseind w g d b -
g, w b d b d x.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
31/273
Time-consciousness 19
w b g. B -
d d, f, d g-d
wd . d ( w ),
w gg, d b dd g b
d gg , w bdd
d , d , , d
g.
B , d g b
k g d d -
w b dwg d w g
. k , dd bb Bd
b w K, Wg, d , jdgg d g, w ,
. k
x , g w w d
k. x , Bd g, w
x practices jdgg d
g.8
Lk Bd gdg , K
jdg Critique o Pure Reason w dgd w, d d w d,
b g d. Adg K, d
g jdg b
dd, dg d, speciy w -
. B -
, dd g
b wg d- d w k , b bg
d. g - k b
d q. wg K d, Bd
dd jdgg g: w ,
w dk d w
b ; , kwdgg bdg, w d w w
k appropriate d w k
b g. g k b d b zd
w d. ,
8 b B. Bd, Making It Explicit. Reasoning, Representing, and Discursive Commitment
(bdg, .: d U , 1994), . 20.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
32/273
The historicity o time20
wd b db b bg w
b g b. w, d
dq k w k must
b d d gg kd
gg . W wd b b w
g g , d g . A
d wd w d b -
b g . d b d
b g, , k. dbg
q, g w
d . N, , j
g xbd by b, Bd ,pro-prietiesin .
, , social
. gzd d
d b b . Lw -
w g. j . N, w,
x w d
as. b bdg, take
them b bdg d . Bd, - g d , w, q x.
d, b dd w w g
b kwdgg .
d, kwdg g
q b
xd x g. dd
dd
kwdg bdg. xg dd,
dd dependent d , w b-
d d [] , d b d
.9 Adg Bd, w w d-
k d w b w w
9 b B. Bd, Tales o the Mighty Dead: Historical Essays in the Metaphysics o
Intentionality (bdg, .: d U , 2002), . 22021.
. 223 Bd g
: dk b -
g jdg b d d
b administeredb d w .
kwdgg , gzg
w d .
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
33/273
Time-consciousness 21
b g, w g kg
bw dd d w b
. dd d w k b
, g d
d q g . w d
d gg b w
d . d -
bj as dkg
. , Bd w, -
. W bg
g d dg kwdg b bdg
, dd d dd w bg g k b g
g. Ag d k g d,
d bj g
g b w g.
Bd, dkg
bg b g wd
b w g .
g kg thatg -d- dkg d-
kd inerentiallyd : g wd
, , authorizing
, d dkg responsibility -
, d , d b ,
dg b xbg
w b d.
Gg concept d kg x -
g inerential: kwg ( bg b
dg, kd kwg how) w wd b g
b g , w wd d , d
w wd d .10
Bd b kg
b g kg g ,
b dg g w (d
g d b kd ) b w w w d b gb. , wd, kw-w
g w, d k b, jdgg d .
10 b B. Bd, Articulating Reasons: An Introduction to Inerentialism(bdg,
.: d U , 2000), . 11.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
34/273
The historicity o time22
w d g dd
. ,
g material. w jdg d
w Nwk, b w
d (d w) b d dg Nwk
d; d w jdg w dg, w d (d
w) b d b .
d w b
d. -
bg d.
, b d,
dd ddg w qkwg bg d g,
d, , g,
d . , g ,
bg d g b
d. w g to be
b d. w, w d jdg k , -
d b ( b d)
g. d b d-d kwdg g d
j b g d d g
d, g d b w .
b xd b dd g gg g-
wb d d w
g . w w ,
Bd w: g . . . bj d
, g, d, d .11
Bd w
d bd g bj
g . W d b -
b xd g g.
w w b d d g
; , g w d f d
. W jdgg. W w d w w f
k x. w, -
gg g
11 Bd, Making It Explicit, . 647.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
35/273
Time-consciousness 23
, d dd k, w , w d
w d w ggg -
.
Bd, w d w .
W x , ( d-
) . W bg d
g , k dw dd g
. ,
w g , jdg.
d g d
g . Ag
, Wg wd , dd gg -gg d dg ,
g q (
b d b d b ),
g wk
: , gg, Bd, wk
gb gg b -
d d d b b wk.
b w w d fxb d w w w x g
b. N w d g
g . N b bd b
. dd, Wg g 201
Philosophical Investigations, d b dd
b , b b d d
w . x g g b
w d b . Wg
w w gg w not
interpretation, b w xbd w w bg
d gg g .12 W Wg
bb w -wg q x
12 Ldwg Wg, Philosophical Investigations, . G. . . Ab (Nw
k: Bkw, 1958), 201. , , g w d Kk
Wg d k b g. W d
g dg 201 g k, d-
g bd w b .
Kk b, Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Languages(bdg,
.: d U , 1982). d Kk
Conditions Handsome and Unhandsome: The Constitution o Emersonian
Perectionism(g d Ld: U g , 1990), . 2.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
36/273
The historicity o time24
. d g g
x jdg , gg
b k b bg dbg . Adg
, b gg jdg jdg
k g w g d
jdg. W g , -
w w w b jdg d; , w
d b d
w k. w, w
gg , -gd w
k gb b jg wd w x d
g d d d dg .W k b g, ,
d gg d d d b b g
jdg d dd d d w w
w d. A , w, dd
b w k ; d
dd qua
w b w g . dg-
, w b b d ;, dd w k
gg g. bg kw-
dg: dd k b w
wd; respond q
.13
b zd d, w
w d, d d
w w k gg g
(dg ) d g .
W g , X, w w g
b dg w Bd
w. W dd
w d
dd k k w g g. W
Wg bj b -wg d
13 d dg bw Bd
d , . Lg, Philosophy and the Vision o Language(Ld d
Nwk: dg, 2008), . 17196. ,
, Stanley Cavell:Skepticism, Subjectivity, and the Ordinary(xd:
, 2002), . 23.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
37/273
Time-consciousness 25
w g X, wollow d ,
Bd w,
d . A k bgg
- w w g g X.
w
d dg . w, d g b.
, w w k
d b bg
g g X. dg d
w f d .
d, w, g d k jdg-
. W k jdg b . Wk k; , w g b b d -
, k represent . w, -
dg d w w
bj dd . -
f. A d dd d
d w dd d. Bd d -
kg d dg w k
. w, z d-d d dw
g w d.
Nw w b w kg b
? d ggd d
d d x b w b g,
gg. -, ,
w k b, b zd purelybj w. -
d w gg , x , d
d d , w,
w g
, g q -
d, , w
d b , b b d,
, d. , q qd z w w g
gz d b k, d, d
q d g, d -
d w. w
, dd b x, d
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
38/273
The historicity o time26
d, g, d w g
g. w, k d d -
g, q g g
dwd w b d b,
d d w, b db gg-
w g- d.
x b b bg
d d
d b w dd wkg
, w w gzd
d, f g. A ,
w d d b Nw , , d d d d b ,
d , kg g d g -
g b. g g
d b d bj, d bw
, , d b dd
d bw d d x (, -
, d b), d b b w d
x d . W - g g,
b , w,
x z d g x-
b. g , , , wk, d
d bg g, gg dw w -
g, d bgg , g -
d dg
w g d (d dd)
b . L w b g
d d d g d d, w
d g, x, wd, d . bd
, gg d wg f d
, w dd w g
b w d g x.
Lk d bd, dd g, d g w
gw d d , b: -
g w d f , d, d db
, xd bgg
d . d
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
39/273
Time-consciousness 27
w w , bd w, f
bw d d g. Ag ,
w w k g d
b, kd b , dw b
b b d
d g . g
dd d - , b
dd d
d d g g -
, d, d g.14
Ld , w, x dd
. g d . d b kd , d k w w dd k
gd g g d, w w
w g g b , w b k
gg. kg , x
x d dd . W w
b b dg bw w w k
b, d d d, w x
d g w . A z dd .
g d w, w g
g x. w b gd w
w w, d d kwdg, d w
w w d d b. d b kd b
w dd gg d, d b w w d
w wd d w dd d d -d . A b d.
b d w
d . b
kd bk, dd d, b w
bg k w b gb w
d b kg .
, w g , bj , d . W
b dg d g j dbd. b
d, w d (
g , b g d
14 6.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
40/273
The historicity o time28
j) g , b
x bw w
g , d .
d bd g g
w bg . W bg fw
g d b k-
g q d b g
w g d , d w wg w
k g, , b.
W bgg d,
w ddd g-
. W w bg b w w x g d .
A, w , d .
g d b dbb d-
, d w
b bkwd d wd . b b b d-
d b, x,
b b w d, w d
w d , w d d d , w b b w wd . N , b,
wd b g d d d b d
dd
b d .
, b d Gg k
Wg, k d d b
ddg w narrative; -
w b b
d d d x b , w w -
x g - d
g d , d g g -
x d d d
w d g.15
k ,
15 Gg k Wg Explanation and Understanding(Ld: dg,
1971), . 115, d b intentionality is its place in a story about
the agent. x g w .
Time and Narrative, . K Lg d Dd (g d
Ld: U g ,1984), . i, . 57: , ,
b d, b w d d b g, , d .
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
41/273
Time-consciousness 29
q , gb. , w ,
w dd d bg d d d, -
bg , d
w . A dk
k z
, , d w. x x -
g w wd w b , b
dg w g w
g g.16 - k
b. d , k-
g gb , , bgg, , b,
g . w, g b wg w b kd
g q .
Ad gd w
, d b gb x
w w d.17 k
, , . Ag w d
w , w
d,
w d b dd. . 52, w
b : time becomes human to the extent that it is
articulated through a narrative mode, and narrative attains its ull meaning when it becomes
a condition o temporal experience. The Philosophy o the Novel: Lukcs, Marxism and the
Dialectics o Form(: U , 1984), . 12831, J
B gg Wg
d.
16 Dd , Time, Narrative, and History (Bg: d U ,
1991), . 89: gd . g
- bd b w bg .
g bk , d .
q k d g.
g w d x. g : g w
bd x, w w , k
g . x x -
q.
17 Ad , Ater Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory, 2d d. (U N
D , 1984), . 212: b w d
b w dd w w
ddg .
g d , A dd, D N,
European Journal o Philosophy 17:1 (2007), . 6075. dd dg
bj d b G w, Ag N, Ratio 17:4 (2004),
. 42851.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
42/273
The historicity o time30
dg bw, d, b
gz z gd -
x g x d,
, x d .
d d bw
d . w bg d .
w , g
d g b d
w d d gz-
, d -bw .
x dg x d
, dd w bg. k x d b d w d
d d w . B ,
. , wd,
x k .18 ,
gb (d d)
dd . w, bg
d, b q d q, bw
w g b d d - w d .
d, , gd. W gz
, g -
, gd bz,
d dg -w. d
f w d w
g x . g
w f b
g , g dg.
k b q ,
d w w x -
d g d .
18 , Time, Narrative, and History, . 62, w g w
b g, , b bd
( ) w q . ,
w b gz
bgg-dd-d, -,
d-, , d k. W d
gz d x d w
g k x
bz.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
43/273
Time-consciousness 31
W d w d; w w k
d b , d d w
k g bkgd dd d xd.
, dgg -
, b g d d
xg d dg , , , d
x b. q -
b : w w
d x w k b
, d , k q Nausea,
d g w d -
b dg?W g , - k
b d w -
my. w w b d w b
w . w wd w
g d g
w k dg b. w
, , j d, ,
x, b b f w w d b g . w b
g d , d w
b bd g g d g.19 ,
w g kd w
g. , , -
w g d . w, w -
b , wd b b w k b. wd b q g
w g, f, , b
g d.
W w g bd -d.
w dd (d k) j d
w, d d, q w
. g kg w
d w d w w d b. A d dd (b b xd b)
19 g w Gg dfd dgg On
Being Authentic (Ld d Nwk: dg, 2004), . 139: Wd
d xd d
w .
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
44/273
The historicity o time32
zd
. w d k -
g D w g b
d w d. q, w d-
k gd d
w d k d g.
g gg j. w
w g d db
w w .20
d w w d
d d d w w d
wd w w . w d wg Bk, w d b-
x b b, w x
k b. , w w
w w w w w andw w d g
wg ( Bk) w wg.
W w w w b -
d wd b, , d, d b
w g . b d wd.
20 b gd kwdg bw
w d dgg D w Being and Time. Lk
dgg, dg bw b, q w
d g d d w
w gg w d, , g gg. Uk -
b, q , d b bjzd b , ,
d g dd -
g b, kg , d bg d .
W d dgg db d
ggg g b, q ,
kd g w , d ,
d . dgg g w w d
d: w d wd g (
, , w), g w x
bd Dasein d gdd, d, , d , w
d wd , , d gb. gd
bb g k d . A w g 2,
dz d d dw dd d
d d x x g b,
q . A , z, bg k d-
dz, b d dg. w,
w g bg b g g d w
d g gg .
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
45/273
Three levels o temporal meiation 33
d
W kd
- bg d d w d-
bw , , d .
w, d ,
d q d
b d bdg, , w, -fg g;
, bdd d d jdg,
w b d b d -
. w d.
g - w , d, wg ,
d g d g w d d
d bd.21 d d ,
x, d wk b (
d g) w ( g
gz d g -
d ) gd wd
g dg d db. Wk dd z d d w g , b
d d qz k d -
d ddzd d gz. A
b d Modern Times, wk
w d q d
-gz wd d b d d d d.
Lkw, w-g k b -
d w b xd g
g d d b
gd k, w ggg wg
g dg d , w -
g qz d d w j d
b . , ,
w g , w d bg
gd d x kd, w d b gzd g; g, w x
d b d bzd b (w
21 -bkg k Discipline and Punish: The
Birth o the Prison, . A d (Nw k: Vg, 1979), . 14952.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
46/273
The historicity o time34
b zd dd -
) w gz d
-. (The older brother will be able to borrow the car in order
to go skiing with his girlriend in the aternoon, but only ater he has fnished
his homework and i he can pick up his mother rom work on the way back home.
His dad is away on business the whole week and will not be able to mend the
broken lamp until he returns.)
Adg A d A Gdd, w d d-
g bw d w dd
.22 , the time structures o everyday lie.
d w w d w d-
d b d , d b , dg d , w d
g, dd g , z,
d, d, d qz . Gg
d wkg g; gg d wk; ddg w
g wg d k d
dd w w b w
w g. dd wk
g d dg d, b w g - x g k dg g,
b k dg d, dd
g d
d , d . w k d d
w, w, b x w , d
w w d b d . b , d
wd b dd, b
b bj x k g
b. w x gg
db qd d
k dk , d
d b d b late.
A Gdd , d x
d b d b.
gg wg d, w d w d.
22 A Gdd, d. Social Theory and Modern Sociology(d U ,
1987), . 14065; A, Agz d Lbz, Z (d.),
Zerstrung und Wiederaneignung von Zeit(k: k, 1988), . 37186.
g g , Bb Ad, Timewatch:The Social
Analysis o Time(xd: , 1995).
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
47/273
Three levels o temporal meiation 35
Ag g w bg b q,
b d b . d
d d wg w w
g g.
w d :
w g d k -
.
d the way we inter-
pret the relation between singular actions and our lie as a whole. W
x, bg w b -
w d w gzd --
. N d . wk weightyd. d b d, x,
bd kwdg d x w g
g, d w w dg
, w, bk, d . Q d
w z, d, d, d qz
gd g . W d b
d? W jb g wkg ,
w ? W w ? w, wd, w d ?
A d ddg
larger, collective events kd w d
dd. W bg -
, d w d k -
b d w g
w b k g, d, g, , .
d w. z d
, x, dd bg (
w). bd w d w
wd k d f d d
, j w d k d w
k b g. d d w f w d d g
d. w b x d
w bg. A x, x,
kg w d ,
g d, g b d.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
48/273
The historicity o time36
N w wg
k . w k ,
ddg d w ,
z d k
. k b d , g
w d w b, d, , b w
d ( dd-gd ) d d g.
d (, q,
d, g z) w
, , d . , , g
dd d g, g, d -
d dd d . , , d, d, d qz
d d g -
, dd, b, g , d, d
.
Ag , x g ,
d bd w d d xdg.
d g w w b dd
d x . w d d d z .
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
49/273
37
2
g C Bu u 1863 , , g, g.1 C g bg, k , , bu wpasses, g u, w bk w w u uu. k b u ub qu. W u
b k g b b w? W bw, , w u g, , -, g, and, , gu? w u u w u w g g? Hw, , g g?
bg b g v g . Fwg u x Wb Gg uk, gu uv- k v - v , u , w w u - , b , , -. U uv- , g
g v w uu, w bg u u u gu . , k, k-, w
1 C Bu, , Selected Writings on Art and Artists(w k Hw: gu Bk, 1972), . 403.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
50/273
Modern temporality38
qu u , - , k u x g b v. u, vbg w ugu -K , g g g g qu, -g u g g g .
A Secular Age, C gu,
k u.2
ug K - , g w u, ugg , u, , k, b g k , w .3, bvu, w b w vb u, , g u w u b. S b b
, , wv, g , u u - u (, u, u, ) , w v , w u, , xu , g v,, w u u g.
v-u vu, w u- v bw ub-u g v , u w -u. uv gu b v bg. Hwv, k v b v g ugu v v u u g v b u . Hw g u b u ?
Hw u b ?
2 C , A Secular Age (Cbg, . : Hv Uv, 2007), . 58.
3 g K, g g . S Critiqueo Pure Reason, . K S (: , 1986), B154.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
51/273
The process of modernization 39
w u G Kk, w, wg u gu- bv, , w Neuzeit, bug bu v .4 KkBegrisgeschichte g w ug w v u. W u u -g g u v? Hw u v x vu vbu ? Kk ug gug v x xu b gu u. g gu u .
, u bu v bu bw gug, v -. ugg b v x u, gug, u , x. Wuu xgu u vv, b g bw uug , v w u-
v uu.5 ug g-u g
Neuzeit, , Kk b v u- . u , u g, u v, - w, vkg u,w uu
4 Kk,Futures Past: On the Semantics o Historical Time, . K b(Cbg, .: , 1985). g kgKk gu -u . W wg u, Jg Hb g The Philosophical
Discourse o Modernity, . Fk G. w (Cbg, .: ,1987), . 67.
5 Kk, Futures Past, . 231: b gu v, v b; x g v b wugug. Hwv, v x xu b guu. uu xgu v v, v x w gu . j xgu u (u gv, u-, u) u gu u v. , wv, b . gu u-u gu u b w v k u wu v g.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
52/273
Modern temporality40
w vg , bu uwg g g. F vg ug u g v ubquu , bg ugb ug , g uv g.6 Su g - b b bgg b g u v wk . u, g k w K k g, u b -
gv ug v g , w w, w w u, u b b g Neuzeit.
g quv. , x C,b u g u w x, u- uu. u u, v bg , b g , uu w . uu ,
uu u uu .7Hwv, g u g - vg wu . u, w k g (g v, , ) b , vu - b gv g w uu. b v. , b g v vb
permanent renewal.
6 Hg b v gu bw g v . ugu u w g x. F ugu, , ug , u gv b G w. S ugu, City o God, . HB ( w k: gu Bk, 2003), . 215: w u b u G w g kg . H w gv - kg v g, bu g kg b g v, w u, w v b uju.
7 W b u g x C, w bvg vg, ug x u u , v bjv xgtelos. k u u bgg , w b u explanans.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
53/273
The process of modernization 41
Hwv, u b b uv, , u -u g. C vu, vg w g, x- gb, w b u w, w g uug u v w , bw u, F vu, g bw w Kk x x. W - v v , xg g w wk
b vu u, ub x ,8 g u v bk kwg v bg w v w. F g x- b u x, g b x x vg.9 u, Kk w, bu u Neuzeit bw x
x g g; , Neuzeit -v neue Zeit w g x vg v v vu x.10
w uu, k b , u, g, g. Sw bu , - g g u g , , g ; ,
Neuzeitu w, bu g. w u , vu w (w vu g g u) b g -u - b w qu b .
k Kk u kg bu v w g. g,
w w ug -, F S x Wb, w w, ubjv
8 Kk,Futures Past, . 277. 9 Ibid., . 280.10 Ibid., . 284.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
54/273
Modern temporality42
v u vu , x -w gu , x- u w b b w b g b.W j u b uu j uu, w g. g u u k--g , b w k, qug k g u u bg uk v gv.11 u, v w
g, Kk - - x ug w, .W w g bu g.12 k, , -g v, w u ( )k uv bg gg u w -, w u, , g w w k.
Kk u g vvg. x xg g , u w v g k b x g g- . , - -- w b u g , g u-, g, v v w b b g , k : v -
w b ugg u w b b v w vu b g .13 Cg u gu b ,
11 U Bk, Risikogesellschat(Fku: Suk,1986). C Bk u bg bu v -
vu k.12 F u , . J. Ck,Farewell to an Idea: Episodes rom a
History o Modernism(w Hv : Uv , 1999), . 11.13 F u , Hu ,
Beschleunigung:Die Vernderung der Zeitstruktur in der Moderne (Fku: Suk,2005). S u V, Esthtique de la disparition (: B,1980).
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
55/273
The process of modernization 43
w gu uu bgv .14 u 1750, w v g, g-, g w - b , w , uu v .15 vgw (x), wv, b gu -, ub , w bj. W bvu u u ( bg ), g b bj u x g, vg
w k v w, g ggu v u g .16
Kk g uu . g bj u, v xg , w gu g v - . Kk , wv, bu ug
g. b u, x ,
14 Phenomenology o Spirit, . . V. (x Uv, 1977), . 67, Hg w u u b- w . S bk w w b g, ubg , bu w . . . v b w u b , vgu bg g ukw, g g. gu ubg u w u b ubu w, , u u w w.
15 v Hv, The Conditions o Postmodernity. An Enquiry into the Origins o CulturalChange(x: Bkw, 1990), . 240. S Kk, Zeitschichten.Studien zur Historik (Fku: Suk, 2000), . 157: g . . . u Bu u w, v ug , Wb, g, Vk, xk uk u bug bug, u Sgk g b g w.
16 g gk, u passage passing. Fw w k vg arrivespasses. g gv g k g . S Sv gk, Time Passing: Modernity andNostalgia, . J Gg (w k: Cub Uv , 2003), . 11. C , G, H Bubg u u-, bk v ,
w u v bjv xg uv, ug g.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
56/273
Modern temporality44
u, , g . H , wv, k u g g ug -u. u , g k u gg w g u; u, k u u w g, wk g b u ju.
u g b w -u,w u w u gg -: , w k g , , , v
uu g u . , w b . bvu b, u u u, v g g wu . W b, wv, v wu b v vv w u- . W u w u u w b g w
. v ug -
g (, w w , w) xWb, w uv- (zweckrational) .17 uv- , Wb, w gv . g g k u -v vb u . Wb uv- , b . b bu vu gvubjv . b. w gv vw u u b . H uv u, g w b wgg v b g . g
, uv- g u w x u v .
17 x Wb, The Theory o Social and Economic Organization, . . . H (w k: F , 1966), . 11518.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
57/273
The process of modernization 45
Wb w v . Vu- (wertrational) w g vg , gg -. b u, , v u : u ub- g ug .W vu- vv -g bjv w vu v,w Wb v uk u u v . k vu- b qu u-
, bu w u w k. , w g , u. u telos . Wb u -, , w - u u u u b. g bu x gv u-, u uv wk vu bjv v -
g .ug vu- b u x bwk b vu, Wb u g - qu u-g vu w vu- . uv; vu- , b , bg v uk u x g vu qu.
u g g gg xg. w b wg Wb w u x u u w - gw u wk b vg w vu b v b u g vu- uv-
.18 , Wb, w g, u g, -gg vu w b
18 x Wb, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit o Capitalism, . (wk: C Sb S, 1958).
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
58/273
Modern temporality46
u u -w (innerweltliche Askese) wk vv -u uv- . , wk b (. g. , w, ), bug bu wkg gu u ( , -v w g b wu u), vg vu w g u and, w g u , u bu b ubjv . g
buu g v ,uv- b g vg g- g, u ug u vu- .
Uug, bug bu w . W , Wb w, w bu-gg bug . u u k u
. ug b, k, uxu, v , x g u, w bu .19 qu; vw u, , b v u qu.
1923 u History and Class Consciousness, Gg ukgu , w g uggv, Wb u uv- k g b u- b w b . w v bug qu-. ug Wb kwg , w w vg w uu, bu g, qu g [] b,20 bkkg
xg u u g- u v , ug
19 Wb, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit o Capitalism, . 15758.20 Ibid., . 21.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
59/273
The process of modernization 47
. wg x ,uk g Wb b ub-j bj w g .Uk Wb, w x uv- u u -gu , uk g u v w uv- , bu u b u u . u, , w g vu xgvu, qu, b k b qu
w u, vb, gu, g w v k u uv- w v. F uk, uv- u b g w x vw u u w b uu b xb w -k. W u bg v k, wv, b u uv-. b k w-
u ug () k gg b (). ug b, g vu- u u w xg. bv k g wxg ( w ), wg u vu ( vu) v ub b xg, jg vu g
v , kg ubjvw w bg b g g - . g uk, w u u w b u g-, , u - u, qu g b g w g xuv w g u xg.
Wb, uk u, uu
g v . u, b b u ub u , - b u u b gv w v, v qub , ub u.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
60/273
Modern temporality48
g uk, b u b g w, v b u , : ju b ub, , w , u b qub g,w g bg u u:
u quv, vb, wg u; x , qub uu w qubg ( , bj
wk, w u ): , b .21
uk b wu b w. v qu g x g v vu; g, w g b u b x Wb, g w g u, qu-Hg bjv v. v, bj u , w b g
v g v qug . -uDialectic o Enlightenment, x Hk W. gu b g- b uk g .22 uw u u u (-u) w, ug uu u-. u, wv, bgg uk b bu w u w .
First( u b uv), uv- b g bu u b . qu g v g, bu bu u u u wu
21 Gg uk, History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, . vg (Cbg, .: , 1971), . 90. F bg, k , , w , , A Secular Age, . 5859.
22 W. x Hk, Dialectic o Enlightenment, . JCug (w k: V, 1979).
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
61/273
The process of modernization 49
v x u . g -, k, b uk , , Hk , w , , Hb, gu uv- u w w , b-b , j , ug v v b. u b , wv, k ugg -u g u g completely unavailable g. xgu u ,u w g, v, b, g b u . , C
gu, w b -gug bg ukwg b g.23 , , wxg, b -gug bvu u b x .24 , u , vu u , v b w b g - bv b. , x, jg b g
K x u g g. - w b b.25 W u w . bu w k , g w bg, bu w k w b b on this basis.
Second, uv-
u u u b g w v bu . g b -u u, w x b , w x qu ?
23 v j u Sources o the Sel: TheMaking o the Modern Identity(Cbg, .: Hv Uv , 1989).
24 w b bu gu C 9.25 x K u , w -
gu, u , uu-, u u- u. g, (w g u xvv g u x bw g w K) K v uv u u b vw w g u.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
62/273
Modern temporality50
uv-
w w bg w b - wk v g
vb u - .
W uv- ? w qu, k u uu.W b g vu, u-v- uk u , u . g
w w w g w w . U bu vu b , w k gv ubj- u-, u vu w u b. , w, b b u - (, , , ), bu b u u vb uv- g, vrational b u
ug u . (bvu, g, b v wg , gu u u, bg vu , w g: u b x , bu bu w -g w ju, ad infnitum.) , -v, w k w b b uk w u b; b v - ub . W g bw b , w, , ww v bg bu .
u, uv- b x v , g -
g v v gv . B v, w b g b u, b w. u v qu, v uv g.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
63/273
The temporality of prposie-rational action 51
bu w w w x v . u , u w w w u,w bug bu v, qu. wis to be uu g w u ; ju b bg w b b w v .
W b g w u - , uv- ( uv- - g) vv kg w
b . bg bj vub w , w b u u Bestand(g v) w Hgg k Qu Cg g w.26 - vu w v u u- xg. x g b u vu w.
Hw, , x? F g, w - ( u ), w g u b g to be overcome.27 uv- g kg qu . S kw u ( ); uv- v , v ,
u. g u k bg uu , , u g ( g v u u ), , , try bg u b g w-ug u. S u . v, wk b v w xu u b u v. w
g v b b
26 Hgg, The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays, . Wv (w k: H & w, 1977), . 335.
27 F uu u w , C. S, Technology, Time,and the Conversations o Modernity(: ug, 1995), . 5152.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
64/273
Modern temporality52
g bw .28 u, k - u- kg k b v.29 k g w u , w u , g u, u - . uv- g w u, k, w kg w u, g x . Ck- ,gu, vb. gv gv, bg ug b w v .
uv- g uu-. W --g kwg ( b u b g wk g bw u ), w, , g b-g v w g w k, - v x uu , j bg x . g, w k w u v
, w - vu -. uu g , u b x, b
28 A Secular Age, . 40, C gu u g u . . .g w v bug bu w w v u v. bbug bu b g g w v wug -. u, u v v u u g v b u . b u u, b w. u b g, v. v u, u k u.
W v u v w w v u, uv u, w w u g g . v, , , Wb - Gu ( g).
29 F g w b w k- gw u g v , Hgg, What Is Called Thinking?, . J. G G (w k: H & w,1976), . 101: kg , , w , v w , w v kg , u g ; u kg u w , v w . ug u : gwg u b u kg , k-g bg w u b u-u bu . bgg g.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
65/273
Tempor al alienation and its conseences 53
gv b b u. , u, u progress u vg g v.F g, w v ; -, k b u v x.
u , wv, u b: , gu, v-b, bu, g g, w u quv k. uu quv u (, u, u,
), w g vu g uv k b, kg , x w vu k wk -u , : . ,u x u wk v, v g, gu b k, w b .30 F
k-, v ub w .
uv- ju k w g bu, w bv Kk, Wb,uk, Hgg, , g u v buug u.
g ; ju , is g g ,buu, v , b g - xb v w.
qu
vg u, uv, -u uu, v g K/g v
30 F b b , . . , , Wk- u C, Past and Present36 (1967), . 5797.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
66/273
Modern temporality54
wvw u b,, u -. v v b u -. Ju kg, k b, u-g u u xb g- u b qug x, - v.31 , w v , w qu uv- g b bWb g w w g v v . v g, w wvw
g w g u, w g - , w uu b u . u b u g.
Hwv, vw b vu . u -, u bu v - g .
b ug bu , -g b uu, w k b ( gb), b u . -, u, b g g w uv-v u v, b b gb v - , w u v u , wk, g. b x b v g, , v: u, Wb
31 S Gu, Outside Ethics ( x: Uv, 2005), . 227. Truth and Truthulness: An Essay in Genealogy( x: Uv , 2002), . 169, B W, wub, bjv k w v b u u c. Hwv, Kk gu, - kg u vw xb uu g. S K w,Meaning in History (Cg : Uv Cg , 1949), .7: u jug u v vw uu w b vg u g.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
67/273
Tempor al alienation and its conseences 55
u, , bg u -gv u-v vu w w g g , b b, v u , bu wu ugb b vw , vu .
w qu. F, w v , -u xb transitoriness. w w jux w ub x, u gg x bu u this this , , u- w uv b x
vg x k , vbu , w .Ck- v u (, u, ) w .Hwv, uk (u , x, u) v , vu k-b g :thisvu wv u.
v b vbg: vg x w , bvw uv u w w v bg b x v. Hwv, uv: w vg , v, bu vb . g u ug , g ; w g w, . . . bv wg .32
F bg w w , uu , v g w ; v vb g, w,b w kw . , S bv, , w v b, w w b, w w , g, .33 W u uu u b u v x , bg
vg v g ; v w u . ,
32 , Physics, . W. . (x Uv , 1947), 22129.33 J-u S, Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology, .
H . B (: u, 1969), . 131.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
68/273
Modern temporality56
v, uv- , v vu; , ug u , w k pass throughuk v u g. , b g should, quk b, , w bv g j g - qu : v ug .
Hwv, u -u w v b w w loss o meaning. w uv- g g . F bg uu v ug, b vw
g, , g w- k g v gu gu v, bu g w uu. u k k, gu gu , wvg - b v g g, k - bg b , w uv , b, bw w g, w
b v b, u x b, g. b g v u u-u v-w, k w Gg S uubjv k-, x g k b, , u, x . b G b democratization o skepticism: B uu ubj, w g g w g vu, x Wb , w u g g b v g. ug ,b, v x uv k, -
u x .34F v u
w w u C 1, u g
34 b S. G,Experience without Qualities: Boredom and Modernity(SUv , 2005), . 34.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
69/273
Tempor al alienation and its conseences 57
b g k wb wv , uu, g u. gu v-, bg w bjv w u-v b qu , , , v g wg.
qu w u bk w u -v b gu. F w, wv, w - g, u vg w vu
.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
70/273
58
3
c c cc l, c
c c g c
l. ,
v-l c g
l l-. g l jc l
l- lg
c , v c cc-
lzg l c l g - ll vc. Al , c,
c kg c, c lv
kg l. g, v, cl c-
- c v l
c v k ll ccl l c
ccz , l, cclz l .
, ,
lcl c , g
gl, v v vg. -
cll l v l c
-. g cc
cc vl c l jcg l
l . lc l Cc , l g c 1987
The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, Jg
g Bl cl cl c-
v c k k l g
c , cll, c jc g
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
71/273
Kant, Habermas, and autonomy 59
l. lz l-
cg c . l cl
v c g cc xlg
l gcc g -
c l k jc
Bj A ck , c ll k c
C 9 l g
Blg llck, ll lgl, g-
g , c j, ll g
continuous breaking .l l,
c kg gcc
g l g v c-l clclv l.
c ll lg c c k
l l c; it has to cre-
ate its normativity out of itself. l c ck l
l c.1
l-c v cll lk
l- cc l-gv l xv g -
jc. Accg , g xc
l l, cc, l c-
l, -gvg.
l q g ,
l g c, c , cl-
g v c , v
c xlc c -gvg. ,
c l ,
v l -gv cv, ,
ccc ll l-c cl,
v is to beg c. cl
l because l; ,
vl l l ck explicit
1 Jg , The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, . . Lc
(Cg, .: ,1987), . 7. l cl Gc, The Disenchantment
of the World: A Political History of Religion, . c Bg (c Uv
,1997), . 176: c lg xll c c
cl cll . lg l
, lgc cv , c cg g
cl.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
72/273
Two responses to the time of modernity60
l : , g ,
ll l, l, q g -
ll ccl.
vl, C kc. k
c v gll g ll
l. llg Cl c, v anyl
, c all c. v,
q q g cl g, l
qg l c vlv g,
v ccg -gv c vl. Cg
vlg l ,
; , jc k jc c cc c g v v -
, g ll cz v l
g.2
zg , cl c-
, Anthropologie in Pragmatischer Hinsichtc-
L l, c vgg, l c
l: c klc g l, ggg
Z zg.3 c l cc l l, g c Al -
, gl vc g k c
, lcg cl, clv ,
c l: g Ac,
lz l L glg v A
zc, Al lg v lg zck-
glg Lz g, l c Zl J ggl
, All Z c lg c
Bcgg, g cg Zck z lg
(v x c), zg c l,
L c c l z .4
2 llck, Futures Past: On the Semantics of Historical Time, .
(Cg, .: , 1985), . 288: All cc v
c c, c c. l xl c,
g xc j . l xc, g xc-
: l l c , g
cc g.
3 l , Anthropologie in Pragmatischer Hinsicht, Werke in sechs Bnden, vl. i,
Schriften zur Anthropologie, Geschichtsphilosophie, Politik und Pdagogik(k: l-
Vlg, 1964), . 554.
4 Ibid., . 556.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
73/273
Kant, Habermas, and autonomy 61
l vll j, c g
cc l l. A l j, ll g-
l, l l l-g: l c ,
l l.5 k l vll, , clv
k k g ll . A ccl l
l g.
Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals, l v
gg l k l ,
, ll vlv k -lkg l
ccz g xcg clvg cc
ll cl l jcv cc
c . l ll vc ll k . k k
, c k vc ll k
v ccc l ll c g
. A l, jg g
cv c l k cl
( gl v c, xc),
ll v cv cgcl c
c. k ( c ll ) l v c cl cl, . g.,
, gl, l, v, c., c xc
c vg ll-g.6 cl
g cl l v
k ( c c ) cg c-
l l c; , vg
c c c ll-g , l, v kg cl ll g -
g v cl cv .
A l cv l-kg, c c
l,7 l v cl g
vl; c l g, ll k cc
l, cl cl c l. v
c lv clv l v l.
Uvl Cl , l , , cg
5 Ibid.
6 l , Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals, . J llg
(l: ck, 1993), . 28.
7 Ibid., . 31.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
74/273
Two responses to the time of modernity62
amour-propre, g , g
g , , , v
g lv, cg c.8 A l,
ll c k lv
Ac, l xc c cc, l-cc
l lv.9 , c, ccc,
l lvg c Ac c k
vl l .
lv cl ll, l
l cv l-cc lg
l ,
lg l .10
g c ccl k c lz.11
l c l g v.
k g ll, ll l-c , -
jc l, xc g l-cl, clv
l, k; ll k c
- jcv, ll g l-
lg . llck g
, , c k c l-clv v-lg z xc v c xc.
8 g vl c c amour-propre,
v v gv, , k v
l g. g
cc Emile or On Education, . All Bl ( k: Bc Bk, 1979),
. 21314: l-lv, c g l lv, c
. Bamour-propre, c k c, v c v
cl , c , g lv , l
lv, c l. gl c
l-lv, l cl
amour-propre. k ll g v c-
l ll ; k ll ck v
v c .
9 l , Uvl Cl ,
Kant: Political Writings, . , . . B. (Cg Uv ,
2005), . 45.
10 Ibid.
11 Ibid., . 44. cc g -cc ,
llck,Futures Past, . 280: , v g
Fortschritt(g), c cc . A c c
cll c l cc g,
cc xc l c l
. , xc xc lg
cc, gvl v .
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
75/273
Kant, Habermas, and autonomy 63
lg v g z
xc, , g c c
xc, . l c
c l-kg cl; , clcl
cc cc cl g
clck- c l cc .
, , z , cq, cll.
cl cc -
c c k l-clv. Alg ,
g ll x, c k lworthy
, l, v , c c
how .12
v, c l-l lck, l l expect. v
cv vg l l ll ,
v l , lg , l lg, -
c l l vl C.
l c c c l -
g G (summum bonum), v
.13
A l l g g cvlz, g g x .14 Acv cc-
c , gv l c l g
l qua ,
g, cg l c cc l
k l ll l cc l-
lv vll c cgcll
g. l vl c c ccl ql
cc cv .15 cc, v l-
, v g.
12 l , C g: B ,
Al cc, Kant: Political Writings, . 64.
13 l , Critique of Pure Reason, .
(L: cll, 1986), B841.
14 cll g , Civilization and Its Discontents, . J c,
The Penguin Freud Library, vl. ii, Civilization, Society and Religion(L
k: g Bk, 1990). l v c xlg cl,
clg, cl, gc g lg gl, c, v l-
, cl l cv .
15 g c c l g , ,
The Idea of Evil(x: Blckll, 2008), . 3341.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
76/273
Two responses to the time of modernity64
ll, c -,
l lg cc c
vc ( l ccl)
lv subjects , l-g g cl
cg cl l
l c. k cl -
v vl ,
, l c ql vlv g
.16 v, cc
vl , cc c, l-
gv kg . , cl, g
(l) cllcv c l - l lgcll cc g cvl
vl-cl.17 cg l lg,
l v l l jc, ll c
v qll l cvl .
, , g l
l l . g vl
cllcv c cvl vg jc
l ll l jc l-lgl l.18 c subject , jc c
kg jgg ll, l, ll ccc
c . c jc, g c
gc g l l -
ll jc, , c
jc lg, . jc minegl
l c; c l l l
c v c, c c
c c, cl c l
16 ll , k, Ll g Ll
vl Ll: Agc cg,
(.), German Idealism: Contemporary Perspectives(L k: lg,
2007), . 20912.
17 ll g. l cc
c c: g lcl Jc,
Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action, . C L
cl (Cg, .: , 1991), . 43115.
18 l cg . Lectures on Ethics, .
L l (Glc, .: , 1978), . 140,
gv [] cc l ll c; c lg
c c ll ll, cc
cc ccc.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
77/273
Kant, Habermas, and autonomy 65
g l lv c cllcvl z
g, cg ccv ll c, g-
, clcll q ll
g, .
v, v l , l
jc j vll l c
xl g l v-l g
. A l z, l c c -
c l cg g cc l
cxlz cc v
c cl l, clg v g
l.19
, l cc lg g -g c l l g
c gv glg l vl
q cl vl. A cqc, x-
c l c cll -lkg.
g cl l , c
g c g v vc-
l , c l vl l cl
cc vl cclg ll l g.20 , llorll,
lg continuous
renewal , l .21 A c, c-
l cllg g, l, -,
ll clgcl clck.
gc g ll ; v lgz,
19 , A l, Axl J (.), Communicative Action
(Cg: l , 1991), . 219.
20 Recovering Ethical Life: Jrgen Habermas and the Future of Critical Theory(L
k: lg, 1995), . 33, J B k
ll l c l ccv .
B l cl; c ccv c
v gv c . Alg gg
lll g g l
-cc, l g . Ccv cl
g l . k ll l -
, c l g g l ,
vg cc l g cl
c. cl gv context ll .
l , , c v, Inquiry40:2
(1997), . 22542.
21 , The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, . 78.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
78/273
Two responses to the time of modernity66
, , , c
l.
A -Al j
lg l c l c
c l
c gg l c c, cv
cc q c
l. Technology, Time, and the Conversations of Modernity,
Lz C. c cll time of
ends time of meaning(, ll, the time of praxis).22
ll c C 2:
clg v-l c c c -
clcll c qvl .
c ll -;
vl , v l
vl-, g
cv, kg g.
g, c, meaningful praxis.g Al cc c Nichomachean
Ethics, glpraxis ll -g.
ggg cpraxis, g, kg
xl , cklg c vlv praxis
, g c g c l -
cl . Ulk v-l c, c
k ck cvl g, praxisc k lc
cl cll v. c,praxis lc
cv cl lgc c-
c-cll vl-l -
. c g, l vlv v and
v; g z , ll l
22 Lz C. , Technology, Time, and the Conversations of Modernity
(L: lg, 1995), . 5060. k cll l
l -Al cc v k c c, l,
. v c c l-
gl cll -Al cv k
. clg k l -Al
lg ; ll c g l vl,
as c k cllg g
x c.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
79/273
neo-ristoteian reoinder 67
creativelyc . Accg ,
k c xl l cg
z . , cl,
lcv cllc c, g
c v v.23 l vl
gcc v-l c l ll c-
qc, vl gcc praxisl ll g.
g c ll, g l cc
g-vg l: g l
lc l l, -
g xlc, g cgzc l.24
g l cl jcv g, cc, , cg l g cc l-
c k cll ckg
g.
c c , g gg praxis ll
xc . c,
gl g l xc-
v,
lll c. c xl g. g k lc v-l k,
, ll xc c lllg -
v c g xv ll l c
g ll k cc v l xc
c cg c l jg , ll,
, cl, x , ll g c
. cvc, , ll v-g, cv c v
l, c gl g lz
l l ll cll c lz
vlv, c, c. v, g k lc
k g praxis, quac ll
g-vg k lc c
l c g. c ll -
g, c, l v c cc vl , l vlv l
cg v. l , c g
23 , Technology, Time, and the Conversations of Modernity, . 57.
24 Ibid., . 45.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
80/273
Two responses to the time of modernity68
llg, ll g g
: g ll k,
xl c lgc
l cllg , cc, c-vg. g
l-g g cv l l
c in the present. c c
Gk cll kairos, g , g
g ql chronos.
l l
praxis ggv, vg c, cll
-cc l v
lc , , , -l cc C 1. v, cv-
lz g l l lc
gl cc. k
x lv , ccg g ,
l g , cc lg
g vl . ,
cllg clg, lkl l cl-
, c g c cc l. , l cl g
c lv-kg
c.25
A , lk l cv-
v. vkg cll c g cl clg,
l cg cl -
. L cq -
l gv lc. l lk k
vll, , ,
25 k l cq clg c-
l lk c , ibid., . 172.
g k C Lc - l
ccg l g. Accg , c l c
: c ll l v g l cll
clgcl . Lc, g, l c
ccg l kg vg v c l jc
cc. l . l cl l,
ll l, cll k cg cq clg
k, g c l cvl
cll - , l, c ll
clg.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
81/273
neo-ristoteian reoinder 69
k lv c v l g
. c
l v ll . ll
c lg
j c , c z
g l. l
cc vl -
cll v , q, cll vll. A
g lg xl c c jc
, c lg g
.
, cl cc l c l v gl, l l l.
l vlv? c l v cc?
k Al ll l k l
A l l c c-
c c l c
c l, c c cll
lk cll kl .
Av c . ck, c, l, l gl ll -
cv . v,
c, llg c l; lgc
l g g
x.
l -Al cc
l k cc cv l cgc
ll cl g. A g
v c, cl k g
cgc c, g
lv , cl g c cclz
c, gg l c, vlg
c clz telos. ,
l l.
lz g Alc l c c vl-
. c-
gl g vl
ll l-c cc
lz, Al - g vl
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
82/273
Two responses to the time of modernity70
.
ll c,
g c gz g-
, l c l C 2. c
k c . x c c
l k lv l
ll l,
cll.
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
83/273
71
4
dv K, q
w dd d w d wd
v d . w
kwd w kw, d w
d wd
dv x, qv -
, , dw , d
, w x w w v dd-
, v, d dvd . v vwd,
C ordo, x d ,
w v dd d d d-
dd v , ,
d - d dd d w
xv v v, , d ( -
) d .1 dd dv
x w ,
v d dv d d
v-
wd d d dvd
d w , w d dd d dd, w
d w d w .Vwd v, w v k
d w dv
1 d vvw q d,
dv ,
, The Theological Origins o Modernity(v C , 2008).
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
84/273
Hegels temporalization o the absolute72
w d - wd
vv dv d d
d . , d d, -
, xdd d , dd
j . -K ,
f - v w d-
, k
d, , , d v xd
, d d
k d, , d v.
v K q d
d w d x d , d
k . k -
, w k
kwd, K dv -k
kw d d , d
d d d d
w d v w
K , w d v.
W d k v d
d jv kwd kwd
v, K kw d
j x. -
q wv
xd j v d-
; , , dd, j
v d j
x. d , K k
d: k d, d v d
, x w
.2 ,
d .
K w - d v w d w
v d d
2 d, Kant and the Problem o Metaphysics, . d (
d d: d v , 1990).
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
85/273
Hegels metaphysical account o time 73
kd, w -d. K,
d v d vd
d d d d w d
d w
wd dd -
d q .
w k w w
d . , v wk
d d v
k . d w
v K d-
d d . d . W v
v j d j,
- w , w
d, in time , d w
. , w dw -
, wd d vwd
d dv . vw, d
- q d w .
, , xd , d j k
d dd . , x
, d dd v
, - d w-
, d , ,
v, d , v v wd , d x.
x d w dd .
d d w -q d
v d .
d d, dv d v -
, d
. , K, k ,
d ,
d w w dv d .
7/28/2019 Hammer, Philosophy and Temporality, Kant to Adorno
86/273
Hegels temporalization o the absolute74
, v
C d vd ,
K w , v d w
dv wd, d,
d dv.3 , w x
d . d vw ,
dv
d . wv, d-
( , kd, d )
dv , d d
d/
d , , w kd , w d-
dv -d
w w C wd
d. , w - , q
x d d w , d w
dv d w w
w d berhaupt.4 -
- w wk w , d
w , Science o Logicd Philosophy
o Nature, d ,
d w -
, -dv, d -dd. ,
q- vw d
d w d.
d, , d