HAM RADIO.ppt

7/28/2019 HAM RADIO.ppt

1/64


2/64

Overview - What is Amateur Radio?- Ham Radio Activities- IT and Amateur Radio- Ham Radio Internet Linking

- The IRLP Network- IRLP Hardware- IRLP Software- Using IRLP

- Listening- For More Info...- Demonstration


3/64

What is Amateur Radio?

Licensed as a public service by theFederal Communications Commission

voluntary non-commercial

communications,with an emphasis on providing emergency communications

advancement of the radio art advancing communication and technical

skills and provide trained operators,technicians and electronics experts

promote international goodwill 680,000 hams in the U.S., 18,000 in NC


4/64

Entertainers: Chet Atkins WA4CZD, RonnieMilsap WB4KCG, Marlon Brando FO5GJ, Patty

Loveless KD4WUJ, Gary Shandling KD6OY, BurlIves KA6HVA, Arthur Godfrey K4LIB, Priscilla

Presley N6YOS

Celebrity Hams

Joe Walsh WB6ACU


5/64

.

A huge number of politicians and royals including:

Gov. George Pataki N2ZCZ, Sen. Barry GoldwaterK7UGA, Spains King Juan Carlos EA0JC, Jordan's

King Hussein JY1 and Queen Noor JY2, ArgentinasPres. Carlos Menem LU1SM, Indias Rajiv Gandhi

VU2RG

Famous and infamous hams: most astronauts, Hugh Downs

KD6WUS, Art Bell W6OBB, Kevin

Mitnick N6NHG, and the authorof The Joy of Sex, Dr. Alex

Comfort KA6UXR

Walter Cronkite

KB2GSD


6/64

Celebrity non-Hams

Forest Whitaker Phenomenon

Dennis Quaid


7/64

non-Celebrity Hams


8/64

Amateur Radio Activities

HF (shortwave) VHF/UHF and repeaters Morse code, analog voice

Public Service/Emergencies Home-building equipment

Dxing (long distancecontacts)

Contesting Amateur Radio Satellites Digital Modes

TV TV


9/64

IT and Amateur Radio Computer-Controlled Modes

Packet Radio Narrow Band Teletype (e.g. PSK-31) Amateur Television IEEE 802.11b WiFi / HSMM

GPS & APRS Amateur Radio Satellites Internet Radio Linking Remote Bases and Web Radio

Digital Signal Processing Software Defined Radio Spread Spectrum Technology Contact Logging Software

Antenna Design


10/64


11/64


12/64


13/64


14/64

Computer

Computer

Internet Distant Radioor RepeaterRadio Link

MobileStation

RadioorRepeat

er


15/64

Repeater: A station that simultaneouslyretransmits the transmission of another

station over a wider area on anotherfrequency

446 MHzup

441 MHzdown


16/64


17/64


18/64

PC -or- Radio Access: eQSO (Windows)

iLink (Windows) WIRES (Windows) EchoLink (Windows or linux)

Radio-only Access IRLP (linux)

Ham Radio - Internet Linking


19/64


20/64

Created by Dave Cameron VE7LTD of Vancouver, BC

Dave was frustrated with the unreliableoperation of Windows-based Iphone and

turned to linux.

Iphone and other systems use VOX.IRLP uses COS.

IRLP is radio-access only.

The Internet Radio Linking

Project (IRLP)


21/64

Dave VE7LTD and Pete VK2YX


22/64

November 1998 - 2December 1999 +10= 12

June 2000 +20 = 32

December 2000 +29 = 61June 2001 +61 = 122

December 2001 + 199 = 321June 2002 + 236 = 557

December 2002 +263 = 820

IRLP Growth

database records 1/1/03


23/64

445 United States154 Canada

54 Australia + New Zealand49 Europe12 Caribbean + Bermuda6 Japan3 Southern Africa2 Ecuador, Mexico1 India1 Antarctica

IRLP Network

active nodes 4/1/03


24/64

Australia and New Zealand
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.browardflag.com/images/images_world/unitedki.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.browardflag.com/world.htm&h=180&w=270&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dunited%2Bkingdom%2Bflag%26num%3D20%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.browardflag.com/images/images_world/unitedki.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.browardflag.com/world.htm&h=180&w=270&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dunited%2Bkingdom%2Bflag%26num%3D20%26hl%3Den


25/64

Europe
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.thesandbox.net/arm/travel/british_columbia/BC_flag.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.thesandbox.net/arm/travel/british_columbia/vancouver.html&h=149&w=247&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbritish%2Bcolumbia%2Bflag%26num%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.thesandbox.net/arm/travel/british_columbia/BC_flag.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.thesandbox.net/arm/travel/british_columbia/vancouver.html&h=149&w=247&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbritish%2Bcolumbia%2Bflag%26num%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%


26/64

North America


27/64

Example:Los Angeles Area Nodes

3520 WB6EGR Burbank 448.480

8590 KF6PXL Corona

7380 K7QT Highland 449.840

3190 WD8CIK Hollywood 446.560

3170 WD6AWP Huntington Beach 145.140

3609 K6GTZ Lakewood 51.500

3745 KE6HRV Long Beach 144.480

3040 WA6JFK Los Angeles 1294.600

3650 KE6PCV Los Angeles 447.720

3760 N6JVH Los Angeles 447.240

3830 WB5EKU Los Angeles 447.200

3910 WB6DAO Los Angeles 447.600

5610 KF6CPI Los Angeles 224.580

8630 KE6YGM Mission Viejo 144.440

3670 N6JVH North Hills

3140 KE6DGM Norwalk 449.340

5850 KJ6W Palmdale 445.600

3030 KB6THO Pasadena 224.480

3340 WR6JPL Pasadena 224.080

7170 W6EKZ Pomona 144.440

3448 KJ6KB Rancho Palos Verdes [WALA IV] 145.7254810 KF6FM Riverside

5900 WB9RNW San Fernando Valley 445.180

3846 WB6T San Juan Capistrano 447.540

3100 N6KNW Santa Clarita 51.860

3510 WB6EGR Santa Clarita 927.500

3410 KD6GDB Santa Monica 145.800

4690 KF6JEE Woodcrest 446.280


28/64

IRLP is based on Speak Freely for Linux .Speak Freely for linux is Open Source,

while Speak Freely for Windows is GPL.

Linux offered the best in reliability,programmability, efficiency, and

functionality.

IRLP currently ships with RH 7.3 and willrun on a 486 DX100 or better computer(init=3).


29/64

Typical IRLP Node

Standard PC, P100 or better Linux (Red Hat 7.3) SB16 ISA soundcard

Custom IRLP computer/radio controlinterface Radio Dedicated internet connection


30/64

IRLP Control Board

Does COS, PTT & DTMF

DB9 IRLP to Radio Interface

LPT1 to IRLP Jumper Cable

Custom Red Hat CD-ROM

Boot Diskette

Custom IRLP Software


31/64

DB9forradiointer-face

DB25 for DataControl fromLPT1 & IRLP

+12VDCfrom PC

v.2 I RLP card
http://photos.groups.yahoo.com/group/irlp/vwp?.dir=/IRLP+PIC%27S/IRLP+INTERFACE+CARD&.dnm=IRLP+INTERFACE+BOARD.jpg&.src=gr&.view=t&.hires=thttp://photos.groups.yahoo.com/group/irlp/vwp?.dir=/IRLP+PIC%27S/IRLP+INTERFACE+CARD&.dnm=IRLP+INTERFACE+BOARD.jpg&.src=gr&.view=t&.hires=t


32/64

Indicators on v.2 Control Board

DTMF Decode Sense Carrier Operated Squelch Sense PTT out to Link Radio or Controller
http://photos.groups.yahoo.com/group/irlp/vwp?.dir=/IRLP+PIC%27S/IRLP+INTERFACE+CARD&.dnm=IRLP+BOARD+SIDE+VIEW.jpg&.src=gr&.view=t&.hires=t


33/64

v.3 IRLP card features surface-mount components


34/64

100MB Switch

10MB Hub

Linksys Router

DualBand2M/440

Control Xcvr

4270 Link Radio 4260 Link Radio

Audio Equalizer and Broadcast Leveling

KD4RAANode 4260 / 4270Configuration


35/64


36/64

What Happens During aCall?

Notes from Dave Cameron, VE7LTD


37/64

DTMF Decode

DTMF program monitors COS and DTMF Once detected DTMF sequence passed

to the decode script Decode script checks custom_decode

for matches Assuming a call is decoded, call script is

started with the node number as theargument

VE7LTD


38/64

Call Script

Best server is determined by usingfind_best_server script

Best server is asked for latest IP of node being called

If IP received is different from IP inhosts file, a new hosts file is d/l frombest server

Irlp_call is started, and a TCPconnection is made to the called nodeon port 15425

VE7LTD


39/64

IRLP_CALL /

IRLP_ANSWER Remote node starts irlp_answer in

response to TCP call on port 15425

PGP security performs a dualchallenge to ensure calling node is anIRLP node

Codec (GSM/ADPCM) is determined Irlp_call and irlp_answer start speak

freely software on UDP ports 2074 and2075

VE7LTD


40/64

During the Call

Irlp_call and irlp_answer sendkeepalives in the background. If

keepalive fails, the connection drops(every 15 sec) Irlp_call and irlp_answer keep open info

channel to pass dtmf regeneration info,

disconnect/timeout message

VE7LTD


41/64

Disconnects

Disconnecting node uses TCP infochannel to send disconnect message.

Both nodes run the off script Unexpected drop in the TCP connectionprompts reset of IRLP node

If the timeout elapses, disconnect issent

VE7LTD

NCSU


42/64

Audio streaming is enabled when the link radioreceives a signal with COS and keys the IRLP

interface card.

The sound card receives the radios audio andcreates a continuous mono 8-bit digital stream

of raw audio at 8000Hz (64k bps).

Speak Freelys sfmike program compresses theaudio stream by a factor of two (32k bps) using

an audio compression algorithm (codec).

Bookstores:

Sending Audio

NCSU


43/64

The audio is split into packets, which aretransmitted over port 2074 using a User

Datagram Protocol (UDP) stream.

UDP does NOT confirm the reception of packets -it "fires and forgets"

Bookstores:

NCSU


44/64

Speak Freelys sfspeaker receives the packets onport 2075 and rejoins them into an 8-bit ULAW

stream..

Next the ULAW stream is uncompressed back intoan 8-bit raw stream of audio.

.

The raw audio is streamed through the digital toanalog (D/A) converter (the output device of your

sound card)..The IRLP interface card keys the radio when the

audio stream is present (live -- no buffering).

Bookstores:

Receiving Audio

NCSU


45/64

Bookstores:

Jason Woodard, http://www-mobile.ecs.soton.ac.uk/speech_codecs/

GSM

ADPCM

Audio Compression

NCSU


46/64

ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation)

only 32 kb/s - more efficient than the PCMcodec used by WAV, AIFF and CD audio (and

is used on the Sony Mini Disc)

cuts the data rate from 8000 to 4000 bps

superior sound quality vs. GSM

Bookstores:

NCSU


47/64

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications)

requires only 13 kb/s bandwidth

reduces the data rate from 8000 to1650 bps, which makes a 28.8 Kb

modem usable

serves 71% of the total digital wirelessmarket and provides good quality speech

Bookstores:


48/64

NCSUB k


49/64

GSM uses a Regular Pulse Excited (RPE) codec. Inputis split into 20ms frames, each with 8 short term

predictor coeffiecients. Frames are further split into

four 5ms sub-frames, each with a delay and gain fora long term predictor. After short and long termfiltering, the residual signal for each sub-frame is

decimated into three possible excitation sequences,

each 13 samples long. The sequence with the highestenergy is chosen as the best rep-resentation of theexcitation sequence, and each pulse in the sequence

has its amplitude quantized with three bits.

At the decoder the reconstructed excitation signal isfed through the long term and short term synthesisfilters to reconstruct the speech. A postfilter improves

perceptual quality

Bookstores:


50/64

2074 - 2093 Audio (bi-directional UDP)15425-7 IRLP Control/Update (TCP)

Outbound ports used:80 (http) for updates

873 or 8873 (rsync) for downloading updates10000 (for IP determination)

parallel port set to "standard" or "compatible"mode, not to ECP, EPP or bi-directional

Ports Required


51/64

Some IRLP Details

512-bit bi-directional PGP authenticationensures connections only with other IRLP nodes.

Redundant servers support IRLP-BIND(DHCP isnt a problem) as well as download of

pgp key rings, software updates, and station IDwavfiles.

IRLP accepts commands from keyboard or viaDTMF (dual tone multi frequency, i.e.

Touchtones)


52/64


53/64

IRLP Admin

FCC regulations prohibit unlicensed peopleusing amateur frequencies.

IRLP links are accessible only on amateurradio frequencies within range of a node. Nodirect Internet access.

OpenSSH used for remote administration. Linux packages updated automatically

(up2date, autorpm, apt). Cron jobs to automate functions


54/64

IRLP Scripting The IRLP software is composed largely of bash

shell scripts. Flexible: easily customized to suit local needs. Almost anything that can be run from the

console can be controlled via radio. Morse Code ID using MIDI or wav (per FCC legal

requirements) Node status (link off/on and where linked to) Time of day (talking clock)

Weather reports, Amber Alerts Local Announcements Download and play radio news programs from internet Random dialing *69 / Call Waiting


55/64

IRLP Advantages

User Flexibility - Custom Scripts

Accessible only by radio Security Stability of linux OS

Superior audio; COS (not VOX) Cost: linux is free, will run on old PCs

Continues to function if servers fail


56/64

Two ways to make

contacts

Point-to-Point

and

Reflectors(like chat rooms -- multiple nodes connected

together, hearing audio from one node at atime)


57/64

IRLP Reflectors

Enable multiple nodes to link together into anetwork number limited only by bandwidth. Running a reflector requires bandwidth (32

kbps per connected node) to handle themultiple data streams. Most reflectors are

hosted by ISPs (like Inflow) who often donatethe bandwidth.

R l i h R fl


58/64

Established for coordinated response to severe weather events

and for public service

Links NC repeaters beyond the range of conventional RF linkingsystems

During Hurricane Lily, linked stations in Louisiana with theNational Hurricane Center in Florida

Has linked stations from Georgia to Maryland to track severalwinter storms

Simulcast a ham radio contact between the International SpaceStation and Chapel Hill middle school students

Participated in the Boy Scouts JOTA event

Raleigh Reflector


59/64

Impact of Internet Linking

on Amateur Radio Level of amateur activity has increased

dramatically

Amateurs who have been inactive for along time are coming back on the air Amateur Radio is becoming

more appealing to todaysInternet-oriented youth

New opportunities for experi-mentation.


60/64


61/64

Listening to IRLP

Live Demonstration Monitoring IRLP Reflector 2 via Live365

streaming audio (linked from

www.irlp.net ) Recorded conversation with

Antarctica, and Recorded school contact with the

International Space Station (linkedfrom www.kd4raa.net )

local frequencies via radio orscanner


62/64

How to Become a Ham

Radio Operator Radio amateurs are licensed by the FCC, after

passing examinations in radio theory,electronics, regulations, and optionally, MorseCode.

Examinations are conducted locally byindividuals or clubs almost every week andcost about $12 (10-year renewals are free)

Many radio clubs run study courses. 1-on-1tutoring, book and online stuyding, andtaking mock online exams are otherstudy options.


63/64

IRLP in Raleigh - www.kd4raa.net IRLP in General

- www.irlp.net What is Amateur Radio?- www.howstuffworks.com/ham-radio.htm

Raleigh Amateur Radio Society- www.rars.org

American Radio Relay League - www.arrl.org

More Info


64/64

Documents

HAM RADIO.ppt