Haitian Revolution101

7/25/2019 Haitian Revolution101

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The Haitian RevolutionWhat was the Haitian Revolution?Who was Toussaint L'Ouverture?

What role did race play in the Revolution?


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What was the Haitian Revolution?

The Haitian Revolution was apolitical conflict on the island ofHispaniola (Haiti / DominicanRepublic)

1791-1804

European powers

Haitian rebels / slaves

One of the most successful anti-slavery rebellions in worldhistory


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What was Saint-Domingue?

Saint-Domingue was the

richest of all the colonies in

the New World

HaitiControlled by France

$$$ = sugar cane

French brought in African

slaves to work the cane fields1788 = 500,000 slaves to

60,000 white colonists (8-1)


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The colony of Saint-Domingue


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French importation of slaves from Africa


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The Cane Fields of Saint-Domingue


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What was the colonial class system like

on Saint-Domingue?Lots of racial / socialtension in the colony

Rich plantation owners

Gens de couleur (peopleof color)

African slaves

The gens de couleur

were denied equal rightseven though some weresuccessful


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How were the African slaves

treated on the island?One word = BRUTAL

Long work hours

Bad conditions

Disease / malnutritionHigh death rate (20s)

Savage punishment

Many slaves attempted to

flee their masters and hidin the mountains(maroons)


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Work in the Cane Fields


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Production of French Sugar


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Slave Punishments


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How does the Revolution start on

Saint-Domingue?The trouble starts in 1789

with the French Revolution

Declaration of the Rightsof Man

The Gens de couleur

citizens of the colony

demand equal rights

The ruling white classesrefuses

Threats of violence


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The Death of Vincent Oge


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Oges Execution (Broken on the Wheel)


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How does the Revolution start on

Saint-Domingue?In 1791, a voodoo priest /maroon leader namedBoukman Dutty sparked a slaveuprising

Terrorized whites

Burned plantations

Freed slaves

Saint-Domingues white colonistsmake a deal with the British for

helpBelieved the Frenchgovernment cared little forthem

Desired independence


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Boukman Dutty (?-1791)


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Destruction of French Plantations


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Who is Toussaint L'Ouverture?

Toussaint L'Ouverture is one ofthe most successful of the

African revolutionaries

1743-1803

Brilliant businessman /general

Well-educated in Enlightenmentphilosophy

Believed a black messiahwould rise to lead the slaves tovictory


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How does L'Ouverture turn the

revolution around?L'Ouverture is a mastermanipulator

Gains help from the Spanish todefeat the British

Switches the French in returnfor an end to slavery / defeatsthe Spanish

By 1796, L'Ouverture is declaredgovernor of the colony

Wants to create an all-blackrepublic

Expels all whites / foreigners


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L'Ouvertures troops in battle


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What issues did L'Ouverture face as the

new leader of Saint-Domingue?The gen de colour rebelagainst LOuverture

Want to remain French

War of the Classes (1799)

LOuverture gains help from

the US to defeat this uprising

US fears French / Britishusing Saint-Domingue as a

military base


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What issues did L'Ouverture face as the

new leader of Saint-Domingue?LOuverture also faceseconomic issues

Cane fields / plantationsare destroyed

No economy

LOuverture forces hisAfrican followers back towork (using forced labor)

Dictator?

Is this slavery again?


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Is everyone happy with LOuverture as

Saint-Domingues leader?Many white and gen de

colours are unhappy with

LOuverture rule

Petition Napoleon for help

In 1801, Napoleon dispatched

an army to Saint-Domingue to

retake the island

Little resistanceLOuverture is arrested /

jailed


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LOuvertures Surrender / Arrest


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What eventually ends French rule in

Saint-Domingue for good?Napoleon tries toreinstitute slavery / sugarcane production

The slaves again revolt

Tropical disease ravageFrench troops

By 1804, Napoleon recallshis army

The country of Haitideclares it independence


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How is the Haitian Revolution viewed

by the rest of the world?Many other countries

watch the revolution withfear

US = fears a slave revolt

in the SouthRefused to recognizeHaitian independencetill 1862

Helped to push theLouisiana Purchase (1803)


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The Louisiana Purchase (1803)


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How is the Haitian Revolution viewed

today?The Haitian Revolution is

celebrated today as one of

the most democratic

revolutions

Race

True Enlightenment

However, Haiti remains

one of the worlds poorest

countries


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2010 Haitian Earthquake

Documents

Haitian Revolution101