Haitian Revolution 2010

7/28/2019 Haitian Revolution 2010

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Haitian RevolutionHaitian Revolution17891789--18041804


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(Colony of St. Domingue)French

Spanish

France took western 1/3 of island from Spain


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Whites (20,000)

Gens de Couleur(30,000)

Slaves

(500,000)

Social Structure in Haiti


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Pre-Revolution: French colonists brought African slaves to

develop large sugar and coffee plantations

By 1788 - 500,000 slaves and 60,000colonists (outnumbered 8 : 1)

Haiti the richest colony in theWORLD


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Developments 1789Developments 1789

French Revolution begins Declaration of Rights of Man issued by

National Assembly

White planters (Grands Blancs) want

home rule because of French Revolution Gens de couleur(free blacks)

want equality (liberty, equality, fraternity)but did not get their promised citizenship

WHY is France a catalyst for theHaitian Revolution?


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17901790 Vincent Og (un gende couleur), goes to

France, wants rightsfor free blacks

Back in Haiti, demandend to discrimination.

Og is killed bywhites (chained towagon wheel andrepeatedly run over).

French

NationalAssembly allowscolonial whites todetermine politicallife in Haiti.


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17911791

French Assembly gives all men with two freeparents full rights. (This means some of thegens de couleur)

Whites consider separation from France.

Leading French writer Count Mirabeau saidthe Saint-Domingue whites "slept at the footofVesuvius alluding to the grave threat theyfaced should the majority of slaves launch asustained major uprising.


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A Rallying CryA Rallying Cry

Coute la libert il pale nan coeur nous

tous Listen to the voice of liberty which

speaks in the hearts of all of us

(Dutty Boukman delivered in patois)


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This Image, of Toussaint,was created by a French

artist after years of Frenchvilification.

Toussaint Brda


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The Revolution through theeyes of modern artists

(Napoleon or George Washingtonlike pose)


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Slave Revolt


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17921792

French Assembly and LouisXVI grant all free men ofcolor full citizenship rights


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17931793

Whites imprisoned, gens de couleurtakepower

Toussaint controls most of colony

French National Convention abolishesslavery in an attempt to pacify island.


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17961796

Toussaint is distrustful of all foreignersand wants only black leadership onisland.

Gens de couleurhave gained rights butlost property.what to do; should theysupport France in hopes of regaining

property (slaves) or support revolt inhopes of gaining power?


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17991799

War of the Castes Gens de couleursupport France

(want slaves back)

Toussaints army turns on gens decouleur

Toussaint asks president John Adamsforhelp

Adams fears Britain and France inthe Americas so:

Alliance with U.S. Adams sends arms and ships to

defeat gens de couleur

Toussaint will not allow French touse island as a base.


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17991799 Toussaint gets nickname Louverture (break

through enemy lines) from the French

Some of Toussaints officers had fought inAmerican Revolution

Jefferson reverses Adams policy callingToussaints army cannibals (Jefferson wasfrom the South, but didnt he write theDeclaration of Independence?)

French British and Spanish armies incompetent,(especially French.)

Napoleons coup dtatin France (internalweakness)

-He wants to reestablish slavery and colonialism


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What to do..

What to do!


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Le plus ca change ... le

plus ca reste la mme18001800--Extreme ActionExtreme Action

TheWar of Knivesbetween Toussaint & rivalleader, Rigaud

Toussaint becomes dictator Needs exports for revenue

Re-imposes plantationsystem, sugar means money

for Haiti. Uses freed slaves as forced

labor (sounds like slavery tome)

It doesnt work


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18021802

Toussaint kidnapped and is taken toFrance - dies of neglect and starvation injail


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18021802 Revolution is carried on by

Jean-Jacques Dessalines Both sides resort to atrocities

Torture, rape, mutilations-A war ofracial extermination

Haitians hang French prisoners U.S. and Britain fear slave revolt Newspapers cover the murder of

the French but not the blacks

British delay abolishing the slave

trade

Blacks who had sided withFrance turn against French

French re-establish slavery on

nearby island of Martinique


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18031803 Napoleon, who was going to use Haiti as a

base to invade Mexico and create an AmericanEmpire, sells the Louisiana Territory to theUnited States in April 1803

French on island surrender to the British

afraid to surrender to Toussaints army


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"The Heroes" by Smith Georges(Toussaint Louverture, Dessalines, Petion, Christophe, Boukman)

Firstpresident

Emperor ofHaiti

King of

Northern Haiti!


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L'UnionL'Union FaitLa ForceFaitLa Force ("Unity("Unity

Makes Strength.")Makes Strength.")


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Compare the French and HaitianCompare the French and HaitianRevolutionsRevolutions

StagesClass aspirationsClass participationRole of outside forces

Documents

Haitian Revolution 2010