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HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE
Example:
I had already left when she arrived
WHY SHALL WE USE THIS TENSE?
1)To make it clear that action A took place in a time before and separate from the time when action B took place
2)To express duration in the past
3)In narrative to give a clear sequence of time
1) ACTION A BEFORE ACTION B
Ex: I gave my daughter the present which I had bought her the day before
ACTION B ACTION A
I had bought it the day before
I gave the present to my daughter
Line of time
NOWBEFORE NOWEARLIER THAN BEFORE NOW
2) DURATION IN THE PAST
Ex: I had played volleyball for 8 years before I became aprofessional
NOWBEFORE NOWEARLIER THAN BEFORE NOW
I had played volleyballfor 8 years
I became a professional
2) IN NARRATIVE TO GIVE A CLEAR SEQUENCE OF TIME
Here’s a story of a pilot who held on board his passengers against their will..