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HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE Example: I had already left when she arrived

HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE Example: I had already left when she arrived

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Page 1: HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE Example: I had already left when she arrived

HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE

Example:

I had already left when she arrived

Page 2: HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE Example: I had already left when she arrived

WHY SHALL WE USE THIS TENSE?

1)To make it clear that action A took place in a time before and separate from the time when action B took place

2)To express duration in the past

3)In narrative to give a clear sequence of time

Page 3: HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE Example: I had already left when she arrived

1) ACTION A BEFORE ACTION B

Ex: I gave my daughter the present which I had bought her the day before

ACTION B ACTION A

I had bought it the day before

I gave the present to my daughter

Line of time

NOWBEFORE NOWEARLIER THAN BEFORE NOW

Page 4: HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE Example: I had already left when she arrived

2) DURATION IN THE PAST

Ex: I had played volleyball for 8 years before I became aprofessional

NOWBEFORE NOWEARLIER THAN BEFORE NOW

I had played volleyballfor 8 years

I became a professional

Page 5: HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE Example: I had already left when she arrived

2) IN NARRATIVE TO GIVE A CLEAR SEQUENCE OF TIME

Here’s a story of a pilot who held on board his passengers against their will..

Page 6: HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE Example: I had already left when she arrived