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Habitat Diversity. C.2.1, C.2.1, C.2.7 C.3.2 – C.3.5. Factors that Lead to Loss of Diversity. Natural Hazards (volcanoes, drought) Global catastrophic events (ice age, meteor impact Indroduction of non-native & genetically modified species Pollution Hunting , collecting, harvesting. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Habitat Diversity
C.2.1, C.2.1, C.2.7
C.3.2 – C.3.5
Factors that Lead to Loss of Diversity Natural Hazards
(volcanoes, drought) Global catastrophic
events (ice age, meteor impact
Indroduction of non-native & genetically modified species
Pollution Hunting, collecting,
harvestinghttp://www.costumes.org/store/advertisers/amazon/costumes3/designerredvicttourhat.jpeg
Why should we care about loss of biodiversity?
Use Value (Instrumental) Goods & services Ecological services Recreation Scientific information “Use in the future”
Non-use value (intrinsic) Existence value Aesthetics Bequest (will be used in
the future)http://www.ensisjv.com/Portals/0/biodiversity.jpg
Value of Tropical Rainforests
More than ½ of all species of plants & animals
Carbon Absorption Flood Attenuation Water Cycle
(Transpiration)
http://ridge.icu.ac.jp/gen-ed/biogeog-jpgs/tropical-rainforest.JPG
Vulnerability of Tropical Rainforests
Population Growth Poverty (Subsistence
farmers) Harmful Government
Subsidies Debts to Developed
countries Failure to value
Ecological Services http://www.worldproutassembly.org/images/deforestation_bolivia.jpg
Rate of degradation
PSU study- Brazil’s Rainforest will disappear in 40-50 years
All Tropical forests estimated to lose or degrade in 35-117 years
Can we Reduce Tropical Deforestation?
Sustainable Agriculture & forestry
Sustainable Harvest Debt-for nature
swaps Certifying
Sustainably produced Tropical timber
http://images.wildmadagascar.org/pictures/tana-maroantsetra/deforestation_aerial_0066.jpg
Agencies Preserving Ecosystems
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) – governmental organization
World Wildlife Fund (WWF) – non-governmental organization
Greenpeace - non-governmental organization
UNEP
Founded in 1972 after the Stockholm Conference (UN conference on environment)
58 countries Works with governments to
promote environmentally sound development
“To provide leadership and encourage partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of the future generations”
http://www.ih-ra.com/advocacy/issues/org_briefs/unep.gif
UNEP (cont’d)
Global Resource Information Database (GRID)
International Registry of Potentially Toxic Chemicals (IRPTC)
World Conservation and Monitoring Centre - biodiversity assessment
http://www.dw-world.de/image/0,,501364_1,00.jpg
WWF
Founded in 1961 by wildlife enthusiasts
World’s largest private (i.e. non-governmental) international conservation organization
Headquarters in Switzerland ~50 offices around the world Promotes awareness of
conservation issues and raises money for protection of species and habitats
Through research, education, lobbying, campaigns, support of other organizations
http://www.ecopacifico.org/picSystem/logoWWF.gif
WWF (cont’d) – 6 global issues
Climate change Living waters Forests for Life Endangered Seas Species Toxics
http://nail.cc/brain/wp-content/uploads/2007/05/wwf_co2_cloud.jpg
Greenpeace
Founded in 1971 by a small group protesting against nuclear testing in AK
NGO 40 countries across
Europe, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific
Research, education, lobbying, campaigns, peaceful acts of civil disobedience
http://www.myitablet.com/gallery/files/5/2/5/profile_img1_greenpeace.gif
Greenpeace campaigns to…
Stop climate change Protect ancient forests Save the oceans Stop whaling Say no to genetic
engineering Stop the nuclear threat Eliminate toxic
chemicals Encourage sustainable
trade
http://www.iphonic.tv/iphone_greenpeace-thumb.jpg
World Conservation Strategy
Proposed by IUCN, UNEP, WWF in 1980
Signed by 30 countries Now referred to as
“Caring for the Earth: A Strategy for Sustainable Living”
Objectives: Maintain ecological
processes and life support systems
Preserve genetic diversity
Sustainable utilization of species and ecosystems
http://bpsp-neca.brim.ac.cn/books/actpln_uzbek/0-cover.jpg
Desirable Characteristics of Reserves (Protected Areas)
Large enough for viable populations (including large carnivores)
In one block - not too spread out or fragmented
Minimize edge:area ratio (↓ edge effects)
Corridors to connect smaller areas
Legislation or purchase to protect it
Variety of habitat Community support Financial support
http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/growingschools/downloads/yarner.jpg