Habitat definition and estimation: improving our datatess-project.eu/downloads/EBONE_Jongman.pdf · Classifying ecosystems/habitats • There are 27 EU member states ... • General

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EBONE - European Biodiversity Observation Network

Habitat definition and estimation: improving our data

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Rob Jongman, Alterra Wageningen UR,

[email protected]

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What is our biodiversity information need ?

Information needs revealed by MA (2005):

• Genuinely global databases– Consistent, reliable, all ecosystems

• Time series

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• Information beyond richness

• Functional biodiversity– Ecosystem services: particularly support, regulation

and spiritual/recreational services

• Linked, georeferenced social and economic data

• Present clients: CBD, IPBES, IPCC, EC

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The opportunity: GEOSSh

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GEOSS

• Global Earth Observing System of Systems– Disasters– Health– Energy

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Page 4

– Climate– Water– Weather– Agriculture– Ecosystems– Biodiversity

9 SBAs

GEOBON,EBONE

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What is GEO BON?

• GEO BON (GEO Biodiversity Observation Network) is a global partnership to help collect, manage, analyse & report data

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l collect, manage, analyse & report data relating to the status of the world’s biodiversity (http://www.earthobservations.org/geobon.shtml )

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Integrated biodiversity observation system

specimen•Species•Location

population

•Species•Location•Date•Abundance

ecosystem•Name•Polygon•Date•Attributes

Tabula-tions

abiotic

climate

models

community

•Location•Date•Species 1•Species n

species

•binomial

gazeteer

•Location•Polygon

interactions•type•intensity

Conservationplans

Changehotspots

Biodiversityindicators

Core of the biodiversity observation network

GE

O B

ON

po

rtalspecimen•Species•Location

specimen•Species•Location

population


population




Tabula-tions

abiotic

climate

abiotic

climate

models

community


community


species

•binomial

species

•binomial

gazeteer


gazeteer




Conservationplans

Changehotspots

Biodiversityindicators

Core of the biodiversity observation network

GE

O B

ON

po

rtal

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•Location•Date•Source

Remotelysensedimages

Attributemaps

climate•substrate•Topography•Disturbance GIS

uses•product•offtake•value•users

gene•Species•Location•Date•Genes

taxonomy•Species•Genus•Family•Class etc

•binomial•authority•synonyms

•intensity•from•to

Supporting information

ObservationsObservation

products

Resourcetrends

Ecosystemservices

Researchoutputs

User-definedneeds

GE

O B

ON

po

rtal

feedbackfeedback



Remotelysensedimages

Attributemaps

climate•substrate•Topography•Disturbance

climate•substrate•Topography•Disturbance GIS











Supporting information

ObservationsObservation

products

Resourcetrends

Ecosystemservices

Researchoutputs

User-definedneeds

GE

O B

ON

po

rtal

feedbackfeedbackfeedbackfeedback

Scholes et al., Science 22 Aug 08, Towards a Global Biodiversity Observing System

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What is EBONE?

• A European project for…– Interoperating biodiversity observation systems in

Europe– A pilot on global biodiversity monitoring (GEO BON)

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Page 7

– A pilot on global biodiversity monitoring (GEO BON)

• Improving systems to collect, manage, analyze, share data on biodiversity

• Stimulating the science-policy interface on biodiversity

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Habitat Data: linking in Situ and RS

Detailed in Situ Data Habitat Data Earth Observation Data

Species/ Indicators Life Form

Categories

Reflectivity

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Habitat Quality measures

CORINE/ Biodiversity /Natura2000

Habitat Classifications

Vegetation Quality

Measures Habitat Patterns at the landscape level

Land cover

Landscape Pattern

Phenology

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Newts are habitat relatedh

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Foto: Jeanne Soetens

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Badgers are multiple habitat speciesh

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Wetland birds: global species h

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Boere et al 2006, JNCC

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Stratification for monitoring the wider landscape

• Biogeographical regions do not deliver a proper basis for monitoring as they are too generalised;

• The European Environmental Stratification (EnS, Metzger et al 2005) can form an appropriate

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Metzger et al 2005) can form an appropriate stratification;

• At present it is used to provide basis for sample allocation and analysis is made to see in which regions EnS performs well and where subdivision may be needed.

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EU Biogeographical regionsh

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Environmental Strata EuropeEns _v8.shp

Alpine NorthBorealNemoralAtlantic NorthAlpine SouthContinentalAtlantic CentralPannonianLusitanian

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LusitanianAnotolianMediteranean MountainsMediteranean NorthMediteranean South

Metzger et al, GEB 14: 549-563, 2005

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Gradients: important and trickyh

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Classifying ecosystems/habitats

• There are 27 EU member states• Over 100 agencies are responsible for

biodiversity• There is nearly no cooperation

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• There is nearly no cooperation• The article 17 report published in 2009

was a disaster• However, European classifications exist

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All based on expert judgement:• CORINE Biotopes• Palaearctic Habitat Classification• EU Habitats Directive Annex 1• EUNIS Habitat Classification

Pan-European habitat classificationsh

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Palaearctic … … PHYSIS

1985 1995 2010

CORINE Biotopes

EUNIS … … … EUNIS

Annex1, may92 … EUR 15 … … EUR 25 … EUR 27

E.Veg.Survey OSPAR, ICES

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Conclusions on European classifications

• Hierarchical class lists are common; • National classifications often relate to specific

national contexts (histories, policies, environmental conditions);

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environmental conditions);• Use of terms based on the local value ranges;• Linear and point features are under-

represented;• Many of the classifications are based on

phytosociology, few on unvegetated habitats.

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What do we foresee?

• There is an increasing need for standardised data at the European level for policy development, evaluation and reporting;

• Global efforts such as IPCC, CBD and IPBES

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• INSPIRE will guide spatial data standardisation;• Common methodologies will allow more realistic

and reliable data; these will make work more cost-effective

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Biodiversity data requirements

• Link to Annex 1 and EUNIS classifications and use European definitions

• Link biodiversity inside and outside protected areas

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Page 20

• Link biodiversity inside and outside protected areas • Be based on work by universities, institutes, national and

regional agencies (EU+: >100) and NGO’s• Be statistically interpretable for trends in habitats and

species at the European level;• Link in situ and RS approaches if possible• Cost effective and exchangeable

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The challenge for the future

• Harmonise communication between countries and regions;

• Develop a system to harmonise habitats at the European level;

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European references;• Share tools and databases to be cost-effective;• Develop data collection and data management

according to INSPIRE.

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EBONE: General Habitat Categories

• General Habitat Categories (GHC) are based on the regression of Life Forms on the environment;

• They are based on classic science as defined by Raunkiaer (1908) and transcend species;

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by Raunkiaer (1908) and transcend species;• No biogeographical terms or local names;• Explicit rules for definition and determination in

the field of GHC’s and its qualifiers; • GHC’s allow integration between national

approaches on habitat monitoring.

Bunce et al 2998, Landscape ecology 23:11-25

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Life forms can be integrators, such as for the Italian flora

y = 1.0787x + 19.58

R2 = 0.9014

40

50

60% o

f spe

cies T

H

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y = -1.1347x + 49.741

R2 = 0.8510

10

20

30

0 5 10 15 20

Latitude

% o

f spe

cies

H

Linear (T)

Linear (H)

Emilo Padoa Schioppa, data from Pignatti, 1994

46°04 ’45’’ 38°06’43’’

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GHC, highest level

Y es

N o

N o

Y es Is the elem ent a c rop?

Is the elem ent over 70% na tura l bare surfaces (inc lud ing water)

CRO

URB

Is the elem ent urban or constructed?

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TRS Y es

N o

Is the elem ent w ith m ore than 30% of the vegetation cover o f trees and shrubs?

Is the elem ent w ith m ore than 30% of the

vegeta tion cover of wetland herbaceous

p lants?

HER-HEL or

HER-SHY or

HER-EHY

The e lem ent has m ore than 30% vegeta tion cover

N o

N o

Y es

Is the elem ent w ith over 70% of the vegeta tion cover o f non wetland herbaceous p lants?

Y es OTHER

HER

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Use: interpreting landscapesh

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Simple ecosystemsh

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Complex ecosystemsh

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Interpreting forest changeh

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Habitat mapping in Austriah

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Habitat mapping in the deserth

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Main desert Habitat Categories

Bare Rock ROC Boulders/Stones BOU/STO

Boulders BOU Boulders/Gravel BOU/GRV

Stones STO Boulders/Sand BOU/GRV

Gravel GRV Boulders/Earth BOU/EAR

Sand SAN Stones/Gravel STO/GRV

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Sand SAN Stones/Gravel STO/GRV

Earth, Mud EAR Stones/Sand STO/SAN

Rock/Boulders ROC/BOU Stones/Earth STO/EAR

Rock/Stones ROC/STO Gravel/Sand GRV/SAN

Rock/Gravel ROC/GRV Gravel/Earth GRV/EAR

Rock/Sand ROC/SAN Sand/Earth SAN/EAR

Rock/Earth ROC/EAR

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Relation flora-habitatsh

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Flora-habitat relationshiph

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Reptile and insect-habitat relation in the desert

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Upscaling of habitat data from national to European level:

• Countryside Survey Great Britain (CS-GB);• National Inventory of landscapes (NILS) in

Sweden;

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• Spanish Rural Landscape Monitoring Systems (SISPARES) in Spain;

• Spatial Indices for land-use sustainability (SINUS) in Austria;

• Northern Ireland Countryside Survey (NICS);

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Conclusions from EBONE:

• Proper estimates of biodiversity at national and EU/EnZ level is required for European and global tasks;

• It is feasible to design a European biodiversity information system;

• It is possible to design a European monitoring system

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• It is possible to design a European monitoring system using European environmental references;

• Collaboration between countries and regions will be important for designing cost effective sampling;

• The issue of data sharing and confidentiality has to be solved;

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The European Challenge:

• To harmonise the European biodiversity monitoring system (Natura 2000 + wider countryside);

• To get the willingness of institutes, regions and countries to cooperate;

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countries to cooperate; • Improve cost-effectiveness by sharing efforts,

knowledge and database systems;• Improve the international reporting mechanism

and the science-policy interface.

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Thank youwww.ebone.wur.nl

http://www.earthobservations.org/geobon.shtml

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http://www.earthobservations.org/geobon.shtml

Documents

Habitat definition and estimation: improving our datatess-project.eu/downloads/EBONE_Jongman.pdf · Classifying ecosystems/habitats • There are 27 EU member states ... • General