82 8382 83

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G

A B C D

E F

S1

Spur GearsModule 1.5KSS

Specifications

Precision grade JIS grade N8 (JIS B1702-1: 1998)

Gear teeth Standard full depth

Pressure angle 20°

Material S45C

Heat Treatment —Tooth hardness (less than 194HB)

Surface treatment Black oxide coating

Catalog Number Module No. of teeth ShapeBore Hub dia. Pitch dia. Outside dia. Face width Hub width Total Length Web thickness Web O.D. Keyway

AH7 B C D E F G H I Width × Depth

KSS1.5-12KSS1.5-12A

m1.5

12 S3S3T

86 21 18 21

15

15 30

— —

——

KSS1.5-13 13 S3 8 22.5 19.5 22.5 —KSS1.5-14KSS1.5-14B 14 S1

S1T88 16 21 24

10 25

——

KSS1.5-15KSS1.5-15A 15 S1

S1T86 18 22.5 25.5 —

—KSS1.5-16KSS1.5-16B 16 S1

S1T88 20 24 27 —

—KSS1.5-17 17 S1 8 21 25.5 28.5 —KSS1.5-18 18 S1 8 22 27 30 —KSS1.5-19 19 S1 8 23 28.5 31.5 —KSS1.5-20KSS1.5-20AKSS1.5-20C

20S1S1TS1K

86

1024 30 33

——

4 x 1.8KSS1.5-21 21 S1 8 25 31.5 34.5 —KSS1.5-22 22 S1 8 26 33 36 —KSS1.5-23 23 S1 8 27 34.5 37.5 —KSS1.5-24KSS1.5-24C 24 S1

S1K8

12 28 36 39 —4 x 1.8

KSS1.5-25 25 S1 8 30 37.5 40.5 —KSS1.5-26KSS1.5-26A 26 S1

S1K1012 32 39 42 —

4 x 1.8KSS1.5-27 27 S1 10 34 40.5 43.5 —KSS1.5-28KSS1.5-28A 28 S1

S1K1012 36 42 45 —

4 x 1.8KSS1.5-29 29 S1 10 37 43.5 46.5 —KSS1.5-30KSS1.5-30BKSS1.5-30C

30S1S1KS1K

101215

38 45 48—

4 x 1.85 x 2.3

KSS1.5-32KSS1.5-32B 32 S1

S1K1012

4038 48 51 —

4 x 1.8KSS1.5-34 34 S1 10 40 51 54 —KSS1.5-35 35 S1 10 42 52.5 55.5 —KSS1.5-36KSS1.5-36A 36 S1

S1K1012

4540 54 57 —

4 x 1.8KSS1.5-38 38 S1 12 45 57 60 —KSS1.5-40KSS1.5-40AKSS1.5-40B

40S1S1KS1K

121215

454040

60 63—

4 x 1.85 x 2.3

FEG

A DC

S3

KSS

Steel Spur GearsG

A B C D

E FJ

S1T

G

A B C D

E FJ

S1K

Socket head screw Allowable torque (N·m) Allowable torque (kgf·m) Backlash

(mm)

Weight

(kg)Catalog Number

Size J Bending strength Surface durability Bending strength Surface durability

—M4

—4 6.86 0.36 0.70 0.037

0.10~0.22

0.059 0.063

KSS1.5-12KSS1.5-12A

— — 8.84 0.44 0.90 0.045 0.070 KSS1.5-13—M5

—5 11.1 0.52 1.13 0.053 0.047

0.046KSS1.5-14KSS1.5-14B

—M4

—5 12.5 0.60 1.27 0.062 0.057

0.061 KSS1.5-15KSS1.5-15A

—M5

—5 13.8 0.70 1.41 0.071 0.068

0.067 KSS1.5-16KSS1.5-16B

— — 15.2 0.80 1.55 0.082 0.077 KSS1.5-17— — 16.6 0.91 1.69 0.093 0.087 KSS1.5-18— — 18.0 1.03 1.83 0.11 0.098 KSS1.5-19—M4M4

—55

19.4 1.15 1.98 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10

KSS1.5-20KSS1.5-20AKSS1.5-20C

— — 20.8 1.29 2.12 0.13

0.12~0.26

0.12 KSS1.5-21— — 22.3 1.43 2.27 0.15 0.13 KSS1.5-22— — 23.7 1.58 2.42 0.16 0.15 KSS1.5-23—M4

—5 25.2 1.73 2.57 0.18 0.16

0.14 KSS1.5-24KSS1.5-24C

— — 26.7 1.90 2.72 0.19 0.18 KSS1.5-25—M4

—5 28.2 2.06 2.87 0.21 0.19

0.18KSS1.5-26KSS1.5-26A

— — 29.7 2.23 3.03 0.23 0.21 KSS1.5-27—M4

—5 31.2 2.41 3.18 0.25 0.23

0.22KSS1.5-28KSS1.5-28A

— — 32.7 2.60 3.34 0.26 0.24 KSS1.5-29—M4M4

—55

34.2 2.79 3.49 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.24

KSS1.5-30KSS1.5-30BKSS1.5-30C

—M4

—5 37.3 3.19 3.80 0.33 0.30

0.28 KSS1.5-32KSS1.5-32B

— — 40.4 3.63 4.12 0.37 0.32 KSS1.5-34— — 41.9 3.85 4.28 0.39 0.35 KSS1.5-35—M4

—5 43.5 4.09 4.43 0.42 0.38

0.34 KSS1.5-36KSS1.5-36A

— — 46.6 4.58 4.75 0.47 0.40 KSS1.5-38—M4M4

—55

49.8 5.10 5.07 0.52 0.44 0.41 0.39

KSS1.5-40KSS1.5-40AKSS1.5-40B

GE F

J

A C D

S3T

To order Hardened Plus, please specify Catalog No. + H.

New ProductNew Product

next to the Catalog No. refers to products that support Hardened Plus.

Target Products

[Caution on Product Characteristics] [Caution on Secondary Operations]① The key groove used is a JIS B 1301 normal type (Js9) and a set screw is included for products with a tapped hole.② The allowable torques shown in the table are calculated values according to the assumed usage conditions. Please see

Page 24 for more details.③ The backlash values shown in the table are the theoretical values for the backlash in the normal direction of a pair of

identical gears in mesh.④ When using S3T and S1T set screws for fastening gears to a shaft, only use this method for applications with light load

usage. For secure fastening, please use dowel pins in combination.

① Please read "Cautions on Performing Secondary Operations" (Page 26) when per-forming modifications and/or secondary operations for safety concerns.

② Avoid performing secondary operations that narrow the tooth width, as it affects precision and strength.

84 8584 85

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Catalog Number No. of teeth

ShapeBore Hub dia. Pitch dia. Outside dia. Face width Hub widthTotal Length Web thickness Web O.D. Allowable torque (N·m) Allowable torque (kgf·m) Backlash

(mm)

Weight

(kg)AH7 B C D E F G (H) (I) Bending strength Surface durability Bending strength Surface durability

KSS1.5-42 42

S1

12 45

63 66

15 10 25

— —

52.9 5.65 5.40 0.58

0.14~0.32

0.47 KSS1.5-44 44 66 69 56.1 6.23 5.72 0.64 0.51 KSS1.5-45 45 67.5 70.5 57.7 6.53 5.88 0.67 0.52 KSS1.5-46 46 69 72 59.3 6.83 6.04 0.70 0.54 KSS1.5-48 48 72 75 62.4 7.47 6.37 0.76 0.58KSS1.5-50 50 75 78 65.7 8.15 6.69 0.83 0.62 KSS1.5-52 52

15

50

78 81 68.9 8.85 7.02 0.90 0.68 KSS1.5-54 54 81 84 72.1 9.59 7.35 0.98 0.73 KSS1.5-55 55 82.5 85.5 73.7 9.96 7.51 1.02 0.75 KSS1.5-56 56 84 87 75.3 10.4 7.68 1.06 0.77 KSS1.5-58 58 87 90 78.5 11.2 8.01 1.14 0.82 KSS1.5-60 60 90 93 81.8 12.0 8.34 1.22 0.87 KSS1.5-62 62

55

93 96 85.0 12.8 8.67 1.31 0.95KSS1.5-64 64 96 99 88.3 13.7 9.00 1.40 1.00 KSS1.5-65 65 97.5 100.5 89.9 14.2 9.17 1.45 1.03 KSS1.5-66 66 99 102 91.5 14.6 9.33 1.49 1.06 KSS1.5-68 68 102 105 94.8 15.6 9.66 1.59 1.11 KSS1.5-70 70 105 108 98.0 16.6 10.0 1.69 1.17 KSS1.5-72 72 108 111 101 17.6 10.3 1.79 1.23 KSS1.5-75 75

60

112.5 115.5 106 19.2 10.8 1.95 1.36 KSS1.5-76 76 114 117 108 19.7 11.0 2.01 1.39 KSS1.5-80 80 120 123 114 22.0 11.7 2.24 1.52 KSS1.5-84 84 126 129 121 24.4 12.3 2.49

0.18~0.38

1.66 KSS1.5-85 85 127.5 130.5 123 25.1 12.5 2.56 1.69 KSS1.5-88 88 132 135 128 27.0 13.0 2.75 1.80 KSS1.5-90 90 135 138 131 28.3 13.3 2.89 1.87 KSS1.5-95 95 142.5 145.5 139 31.8 14.2 3.24 2.07 KSS1.5-100 100

S2150 153 9 125 147 35.5 15.0 3.62 1.88

KSS1.5-120 120 70 180 183 10 153 180 52.3 18.4 5.33 2.74 KSS1.5-150 150

S120 180 225 228 — — 192 70.3 19.6 7.17 6.62

KSS1.5-200 200 25 240 300 303 261 131 26.7 13.3 0.22~0.46 11.8

Spur GearsModule 1.5KSS

S1

A B C DI

E FG

H

S2

Specifications

Precision grade JIS grade N8 (JIS B1702-1: 1998)*

Gear teeth Standard full depthPressure angle 20°

Material S45CHeat Treatment —Tooth hardness (less than 194HB)Surface treatment Black oxide coating

* The precision grade of J Series products is equivalent to the value shown in the table.

[Caution on Product Characteristics] ① The key groove used is a JIS B 1301 normal type (Js9) and a set screw is included for products with a tapped hole.② The allowable torques shown in the table are calculated values according to the assumed usage conditions. Please see

Page 24 for more details.③ The backlash values shown in the table are the theoretical values for the backlash in the normal direction of a pair of

identical gears in mesh.

G

A B C D

E F

[Caution on Secondary Operations] ① Please read "Cautions on Performing Secondary Operations" (Page 26) when performing modifications and/or secondary operations for safety concerns.

② Avoid performing secondary operations that narrow the tooth width, as it affects precision and strength.③ Other bores & keyways available on request.

Steel Spur Gears

[Caution on J series]

KSS

Bore H7 * The product shapes of J Series items are identified by background color.Keyway Js9 10 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 25 28 30 32 35 Screw size 4×1.8 5×2.3 6×2.8 8×3.3 10×3.3

Catalog Number M4 M5 M6 M8KSS1.5-42 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-44 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-45 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-46 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-48 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-50 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-52 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-54 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-55 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-56 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-58 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-60 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-62 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-64 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-65 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-66 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-68 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-70 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-72 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-75 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-76 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-80 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-84 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-85 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-88 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-90 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-95 J BORE S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1K S1KKSS1.5-100 J BORE S2K S2K S2K S2K S2K S2K S2K S2K S2K S2K S2K S2KKSS1.5-120 J BORE S2K S2K S2K S2K S2K S2K S2K S2K S2K S2K S2K S2KKSS1.5-150 KSS1.5-200

S1K

A B C DI

E FG

H

J

S2K

G

A B C D

E FJ

① As available-on-request products, these require a lead-time for shipping within 2 working days (excludes the day or-dered), after placing an order.

② Number of products we can process for one order is 1 to 20 units. For quantities of 21 or more pieces, we need to quote price and lead time.

③ Keyways are made according to JIS B1301 standards, Js9 tolerance.④ Certain products which would otherwise have a very long tapped hole are counterbored to reduce the length of the tap. ⑤ Areas of products which have been re-worked will not be black oxide coated.⑥ For products having a tapped hole, a set screw is included.⑦ Other bores & keyways available on request.

To order J Series products, please specify: Catalog No. + J + BORE.

J=5mm J=5mm

To order Hardened Plus, please specify Catalog No. + H.

New ProductNew Product next to the Catalog No. refers to products that support Hardened Plus.

Target Products

Series

Surface hardening comes as standard.The surface durability is increased about 4 times with Hardened Plus.Ideal as a mating pinion for hardened racks (H Series) and laser hardened racks (HL Series).Use to improve the durability of gears.

New ProductNew Product

Hardened Plus Induction hardening specification

● Quick delivery, hardening completed in 4 workingdaysGear tooth induction hardening is completed in 4 workingdays excluding the day the order is placed.

● The surface durability is increased about 4 timesThe surface durability is increased about 4 times.

● Product unit price + hardening unit priceThe hardening unit price is added to the product unit price.For details, please see the table below.

Hardening is provided additionally to standard products when ordered.Products with at the end of the Catalog No. support Hardened Plus.

Note 1: The surface durability values shown in the table are calcu-lated values according to the assumed usage conditions. Please calculate the actual surface durability in the KHK Web Catalog.

Note 2: The gear precision decreases by about one grade after hard-ening. The bore dimension tolerance H7 will also be ungraded.

Note 3: Black oxide processing cannot be performed again after hardening.

Area: Tooth surface hardening

Hardness: HRC50 to 60

Depth: 1 mm or more

The hardening method and the state of the hardened teeth area vary depending on the size of gears.

The hardening depth is where the Vickers hardness from the tooth surface to the deep area is up to HV450 (from JIS G 0559: 2008).Note that hardening specifications of Hardening Plus above will be near the standard pitch diameter of the gear.

● Hardness and depth of gear-teeth induction hardening

Hardened Plus compatible products

KSS/KSSA/KSSCP Spur Gears

KKS/KKSSCP Thermal Refined Spur Gears

Spur Gears

Image Diagram

Catalog No. + His the order method.

Example: Catalog No.: KSS3-20, when hardening is added

⇒ KSS3-20H

20

24 25

Please select the most suitable products by carefully considering the characteristics of items and contents of the product ta-bles. It is also important to read all applicable "CAUTION" notes shown below before the final selection.

① Basically, all spur gears, internal gears and racks can bepaired as long as the module and pressure angle match. Products with different materials, tooth widths, or meth-ods of cutting the teeth can be mated.

② When using a pinion with an internal gear with a smalldifference in the numbers of teeth, there are possibili-ties of involute interference, trochoid interference andtrimming interference. See the internal gear interferenceportion of the technical section to avoid problems in as-sembling these items. (Page 182)

Selection Hints

1. Caution in Selecting the Mating GearsThe gear strength values shown in the product pages were computed by assuming a certain application environment. Therefore, they should be used as reference only. We recom-mend that each user computes their own values by applying the actual usage conditions. Also, KSUSF F-loc hub spur gears, KDSF F-loc hub spur gears and various F series that use the friction coupling method to fasten the gear shaft need addi-tional consideration for starting torque.The table below contains the assumptions established for various products in order to compute gear strengths.

2. Caution in Selecting Gears Based on Gear Strength

Catalog Number

Item

KMSGA KMSGB

KSSGSKSSG

KSSAG

KSSS,KSS KSSA,KSSY KSSAY,KSSR

KSUS KSUSA KSUSF

KBSS KKSG KKS KNSUKPU KPS KPSA

KDSF KDS

Formula NOTE 1 Formula of spur and helical gears on bending strength (JGMA401-01) The Lewis formulaNo. of teeth of mating gears Same number of teeth (30 for KSSGS, KSSS, KSSR) Racks ―Rotational speed 600rpm 100rpm 100 rpmDesign life (durability) Over 107cycles ―Impact from motor Uniform load Allowable bending stress (kgf/mm2)Impact from load Uniform load

1.38 (40℃

with No Lubrication)

1.15 (40℃

with No Lubrication)

m 0.5 4.0m 0.8 4.0m 1.0 3.5(40℃ with

Grease Lubrication)

Direction of load BidirectionalAllowable bending stress at root σFlim (kgf/mm2) NOTE 2 47 24.5 19 (24.5) Note 3 19 (24.5) Note 4 10.5 4 30 32Safety factor SF 1.2

Formula NOTE 1 Formula of spur and helical gears on surface durability (JGMA402-01)Kinematic viscosity of lubricant 100cSt(50℃)Gear support Symmetric support by bearings Note 5 Supported on one endAllowable Hertz stress σHlim (kgf/mm2) 166 99 90 (62.5) Note 3 49 (62.5) Note 4 41.3 ― 112 79Safety factor SH 1.15

■ Calculation of Bending Strength of Gears

■ Calculation of Surface Durability (Except where it is common with bending strength)

[NOTE 1] The gear strength formula is based on JGMA (Japanese Gear Manufacturers Association) specifications, "MC Nylon Technical Data" by Nippon Polypenco Limited and "Duracon Gear Data" by Polyplastic Co. The units for the rotational speed (rpm) and the stress (kgf/mm2) are adjusted to the units needed in the formula.

[NOTE 2] The allowable bending stress at the root σ Flim is calculated from JGMA401-01, and set to 2/3 of the value in the consideration of the use of planetary-, idler-, or other gear systems, loaded in both directions.

[NOTE 3] For KSSG Ground Spur Gears, with module 0.8 or less, thermal refining is applied. Allowable bending stress and allowable hertz stress values are shown in parentheses.[NOTE 4] For KSSS Spur Pinion Shafts, with module over 1.5, tooth induction hardening is not applied. Allowable bending stress and allowable hertz stress values are shown in parentheses.[NOTE 5] KSSS Spur Pinion Shafts with module 1 or less (KSA configuration) are set to cantilever support as they are single shaft types.

Spur Gears Spur Gears

When selecting KHK standard gears, glance over the Cautions on Product Characteristics and Cautions on Performing Secondary Operations in the respective dimension tables.

① Products not listed in this catalog or materials, modules, number of teeth and the like not listed in the dimensionaltables can be manufactured as custom items. Please see Page 16 for more details about custom-made orders.

② The color and shape of the product images listed on the dimension table page of each product may differ from the actual product. Be sure to confirm the shape in the dimension table before selection.

③ The details (specifications, dimensions, prices, etc.) listed in the catalog may be changed without prior notice.Changes are announced on the KHK website.

KHK Technical Information

The most important factor in selecting gears is the gear strength.

■ Definition of Bending Strength of Gears

The allowable bending strength of a gear is defined as the al-lowable tangential force at the pitch circle based on the mutu-ally allowable root stress of two meshing gears under load.

Example of failure due to insufficient bending strength

■ Definition of Surface Durability

The surface durability of a gear is defined as the allowable tan-gential force at the pitch circle, which permits the force to be transmitted safely without incurring surface failure. The allowable gear tooth load of a gear is defined as the allowable tangential force at the pitch circle based on the mutual gear tooth strength of two meshing gears under load.

Example of wear due to insufficient surface durability

Step 1 Determine the actual load torque applied to the gear and the gear type suitable for the purpose.

Step 2 Select provisionally from the allowable torque table of the Master Catalog based on the load torque.

■ For provisional selection from the Master Catalog

Step 3 We recommend that each user computes their own values by applying the actual usage conditions to determine the suitability of the gear strength.

Calculate the strength formally using the vari-ous gear strength formulas.Please see Page 71 of our technical reference book for more details.

Strength confirmation is simple when using the website.

(2) Bending strength formula

(10.4)

(10.5)

(10.6)

(10.7)

(3) Calculating various coefficients

In order to satisfy the bending strength, the nominal circum-ferential force Ft on the meshing pitch circle must be less than or equal to the allowable circumferential force Ftlim on the meshing pitch circle calculated by the permissible bending stress at root.

Alternatively, the bending stress at root σF obtained from the nominal circumferential force Ft on the meshing pitch circle must be less than or equal to the permissible bending stress at root σFlim.

The permissible circumferential force Ftlim (kgf) on the meshing pitch circle is obtained by the following equation.

The bending stress at root (kgf/mm2) is obtained by the following equation.

26 27

Application Hints

Spur Gears Spur Gears

① If reboring, it is important to pay special attention to lo-cating the center in order to avoid runout.

② The reference datum for gear cutting is the bore. There-fore, use the bore for locating the center. If it is too dif-ficult to do for small bores, the alternative is to use onespot on the bore and the runout of the side surface.

③ If reworking using scroll chucks, we recommend the use of new or rebored jaws for improved precision. Please exer-cise caution not to crush the teeth by applying too muchpressure. Any scarring will cause noise during operation.

④ The maximum bore size is dictated by the requirementthat the strength of the hub is to be higher than that ofthe gear teeth. The maximum bore size should be 60%to 70% of the hub diameter (or tooth root diameter),and 50% to 60% for keyway applied modifications.

⑤ In order to avoid stress concentration, round the keywaycorners.

2. Cautions on Performing Secondary Operations

In order to use KHK stock gears safely, carefully read the Application Hints before proceeding.If there are questions or you require clarifications, please contact our technical department or your nearest distributor. TEL: (646) 396-GEAR FAX: (516) 437-6700 E-mail: qtcsupport@qtcgears.com

Induction Hardening

If you apply induction hardening to the gear teeth of S45C products, you need to designate the hardness and where to apply the heat treatment. Below is an example of common specifications and KHK’s specifi-cations for hardening:

● Common Specifications for Heat TreatmentHardening location: Gear tooth surface or tooth

surface and tooth rootHardness: Within the range of 45 to 60 HRC and

10 HRC width (Example: 48 to 58 HRC)

● KHK’s Specifications for Heat TreatmentHardened location: Tooth surface, or Tooth sur-

face and Tooth rootHardness: 50 to 60 HRC

* Hardness and Depth of Gear-teeth Induction HardeningThe hardening method and the state of the hard-ened teeth area vary depending on the size ofgears.Since different hardening treatment is appliedin accordance with the module and number ofteeth, the hardness level you designate is referredto as the hardness of the reference diameter. Forsome of our products, the hardness at tooth tip /root may not be equal to the hardness you desig-nated.As to the effective case depth for S45C, it is spec-ified by JIS, as "The distance from the surface ofthe case to the area with hardness HV450." Thecase depth differs from area to area of a tooth.

⑥ To avoid problems of reduced gear precision andother manufacturing difficulties, do not attempt tomachine the gears to reduce face widths.

⑦ When induction-hardening S45C products, thermalstress cracks may appear. Also, note that the preci-sion grade of the product declines by 1 or 2 grades,as deformation on material may occur. If you requiretolerance for bore or other parts, machining is neces-sary after heat treatment.

Lathe Operations

Tapping & Keyway Slotting

1. Cautions on Handling

① KHK products are packaged one by one to preventscratches and dents, but if you find issues such as rust,scratches, or dents when the product is removed fromthe box after purchase, please contact the supplier.

② Depending on the handling method, the product may be-come deformed or damaged. Resin gears and ring gearsdeform particularly easily, so please handle with care.

KHK Technical Information

set screws, or applying flats to the shaft, in case of fas-tening only with set screws.There are also methods of secure settings using a Me-cha-Lock, a POSI-LOCK, or a Spannring, which are parts for engaging the hole and the axis.

Poor tooth contact and pitting

Gear oil (equivalent to JIS gear oil category 2 No. 3) The design conditions were load torque at 278 rpm, 42.5 kg/m (12 kW), 1.5 times the allowable bending strength, and 3 times the allowable surface durability torque. The pitting occurred on the poor tooth contact area after 60 hours of continuous operation.

④ Verify that the two shafts are parallel. Incorrect assembly will lead to uneven teeth contact which will cause noise and wear. (Check the assembly by painting a thin layer of red lead primer or the like on the gear teeth, meshing them together and rotating them.)

■ Test example: Abrasion occurred on KSSG3-30 due to poor edge contact (only 30% with proper contact).

② The table below indicates the tolerance on the totallength of KHK stock spur gears. Please refer to this datawhen designing gear boxes or other components.

③ Spur gears produce no thrust forces; however, be sureto fasten them firmly with stepped shafts, or collars, toprevent shifting toward the shaft.Keyways are generally used in fastening gears to a shaft,and they should be secured by applying drilled holes for

① KHK stock spur gears are designed to give the properbacklash when assembled using the center distance giv-en by the formula below (center distance tolerance ofH7 – H8). For the backlash of each product, please referto the dimension table.Backlash may be adjusted by changing the center dis-tance of mating gears. For more information, please con-sult the technical section on gear backlash (page 56) inour separate technical reference book.

Wherea : Center distancem : ModuleZ1 : No. of teeth of pinionZ2 : No. of teeth of gear

a=m(Z1+Z2)/2

4. Cautions on Starting

3. Points of Caution during Assembly

■ Total Length Tolerance for Spur and Helical Gears

① Check the following items before starting.• Are the gears installed securely?• Is there uneven tooth contact?• Is there adequate backlash?

Be sure to avoid zero-backlash.• Has proper lubrication been supplied?

② If gears are exposed, be sure to attach a safety cover toensure safety. Also, be careful not to touch rotating gears.

③ Gears can be lubricated with the "grease lubrication meth-od", "splash lubrication method (oil bath method)", or "forced lubrication method (circulation lubrication method)".For initial operation, the lubricant may deteriorate mark-edly, so check the condition of the lubricant after starting.For more technical information, please see the section "Gear Lubrication" (Page 112) of our technical reference book.

④ If there is any abnormality such as noise or vibrationduring startup, check the gears and assembly condition."High gear accuracy", "smooth gear teeth surface" and"correct tooth contact" are some of the measures againstgear noise. For more technical information, please seethe section "Gear Noise and Countermeasures" (Page119) of our technical reference book.

KHK considers safety a priority in the use of our products.When handling, adding secondary operations, assembling, and operating KHK products, please be aware of the following issues in order to prevent accidents.

Warning: Precautions for preventing physical and property damage

Caution Cautions in Preventing Accidents

1. When using KHK products, follow relevant safety regulations (Occupational Safety and Health Regulations, etc.).2. Pay attention to the following items when installing, removing, or performing maintenance and inspection of the product.

① Turn off the power switch.② Do not reach or crawl under the product.③ Wear appropriate clothing and protective equipment for the work.

1. Before using a KHK product, read the precautions in the catalog carefully in order to use it correctly.2. Avoid use in environments that may adversely affect the product.3. Our products are manufactured under a superior quality control system based on the ISO9000 quality management system; if you

notice any malfunctions upon purchasing a product, please contact the supplier.

Total Length (mm) Tolerance

30 or less 0－ 0.10

31 to 100 0－ 0.15

Over 100 0－ 0.20

[Note] The following products are excluded from this table: Spur pinion shafts, Injection molded spur gears, F-loc hub spur gears, and MC nylon products.