H Post- War of 1812 Through the War With Mexico7

7/23/2019 H Post- War of 1812 Through the War With Mexico7

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Post-War of 1812 through theWar with Mexico

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BbihjRa-DJM >Presie!t vieo Mo!roe> "#:$%

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=&'()*my+*r, >Presie!ts vieo ams>

B6ac0boar 3ieose o9 Jac0so!ar a! (;pa!sio!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BbihjRa-DJM


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5EYLmyzLrQ








The Era of Good Feelings (???

• !a"es Monroe (#e$defeated #ufus %ing (Fedin the election of 181& – 'ast ti"e a Federalist ran

resulting in a $eriod of one-

$art rule• Monroe toured the

Federalist stronghold of)ew England and waswelco"ed*+Era of Good

Feelings,• Monroe was re-elected in

182



The ."erican /ste"

• 0enr la (% introducedthe ."erican /ste" in1813 – /trong national 4an5

• 67/ charter renewed in181&*/econd 6an5 of the

7nited /tates – 6an5 had ex$ired in 1811 and had

not 4een renewed

– /trong $rotecti9e tari:

– ;nternal i"$ro9e"ents

• aused sectionalis" – /outh and West o$$osed

4an5s< )orth su$$orted the"

– /outh and West o$$osed$rotecti9e tari:s< )orthsu$$orted the"

– )orth o$$osed internali"$ro9e"ents< /outh and

West su$$orted the"



/la9er and the /ectional6alance

• 181= M> a$$lied to 4ead"itted to the 7nion

– 1st state in '. Territor• Pro4le"s arose when the

Tall"adge ."end"ent wasadded to the 4ill calling for M>statehood

– )o "ore sla9es were to 4e

4rought into M> – hildren 4orn to sla9e

$arents would gain theirfreedo" at the age of 23

• /outherners were outraged 4the a"end"ent*What "ight

ha$$en to sla9er else where?• /outh was also concerned

a4out its $olitical $ower

– )orths $o$ulation wasgrowing thus its $ower inthe 0ouse was growing

–

)eeded to 5ee$ the4alance of sla9e and free



• ongress was in a

deadloc5 a4out ad"ittingM>

• 0enr la (% de9elo$edthe M> o"$ro"ise – M> would 4e ad"itted as

sla9e state – ME ($re9iousl $art of M.

would 4e ad"itted as a freestate

– /la9er would 4e $rohi4itednorth of the @& @ line

• 6alance of $ower 5e$t*12freeA12 sla9e

• o"$ro"ise lasted @Bears





Panic of 181=

• 7/ su:ered its Crst"aDor econo"icde$ression

– deationde$ression4an5ru$tcies 4an5failures

une"$lo"entforeclosuresincrease in inde4tors $rison James Mo!roe< the 6ast o9

the 3iri!ia Dy!asty



/u$re"e ourt

• Marshall asserted the $ower of thefederal go9ern"ent o9er statego9ern"ents with his /u$re"e ourtdecisions



!oint >ccu$ation of >regon

• .nglo-."ericanon9ention of 1818signed 4etween 7/and 6ritain – /et northern 4order

of '. Territor

– Pro9ided for Doint 1ear occu$ation of

>regon ountrwithout a surrenderof the rights or clai"sof either 7/ or 6ritain



cuiri! 6oria• /$ain had to re"o9e troo$s

fro" F' to deal with $ro4le"s

in /outh ."erica

• .ndrew !ac5son sawo$$ortunit – !ac5son was gi9en authorit to go

to F' to $unish )ati9e ."ericansand ca$ture runawa sla9es

– !ac5son o9erste$$ed authorit• 0anged 2 chiefs

• Executed two 6ritish su4Dects

• Too5 o9er /t Mar5s and Pensacola

• He$osed the /$anish go9ernor of F'

– Man wanted !ac5son $unished4ut !ohn Iuinc .da"s (/ecretar

of /tate wanted to use it aso$$ortunit to get F'

– With treat /$ain ceded F' andset 4oundar 4etween 7/ and)ew /$ain

– Florida Purchase Treat (.da"s->nis Treat signed with /$ain in181=



Monroe Hoctrine

• #ussia had issued the 75ase of

1821 clai"ing territor in)orthwestern )orth ."erica

• /$anish and Portuguesecolonies were re9olting in /outh."erica

•

Wanting to 5ee$ theseEuro$ean $owers and there"ilitar forces out of )orth and/outh ."erica in 182@ the 7/issued the Monroe Hoctrine – Written 4 !ohn Iuinc .da"s

– .nnounced 4 President Monroe

• ;t stated that further e:orts 4Euro$ean nations to coloniJeland or interfere with states in)orth or /outh ."erica would

4e 9iewed as acts ofaggression reKuiring 7/

5he Mo!roe Doctri!eritte! by Joh! ,. ams

Th + t 6 i + f



The +orru$t 6argain+ of182B

• Huring +Era of

Good Feelings+uni9ersal "anhoodsu:rage had4eco"e the nor"

• Election of 182Bhad Bcandidates*all#e$u4licans –

.ndrew !ac5son T) – 0enr la %

– Willia" rawfordG.

– !ohn I .da"s M.

Jac0so! 6ay

raw9or ams



• !ac5son won $o$ular 9ote andthe "ost electoral 9otes 4utnot a "aDorit

• .da"s ca"e in 2nd with

$o$ular 9ote and electoral9otes

• rawford was Bth in $o$ular9otes 4ut @rd in electoral

• la was @rd in $o$ular andBth in electoral

• With 12th a"end"ent to$ @electoral 9ote getters wouldgo to 0ouse to decide whowas $resident – la was out of running 4ut

in9ol9ed 4ecause he is /$ea5erof the 0ouse

– rawford out 4ecause of astro5e

• ;n the end .da"s 4eca"e$resident and la wasa$$ointed /ecretar of /tate

(the traditional ste$$ingstone to the residenc





.da"sLs Presidenc• .da"s had onl won 1A@ of

the $o$ular 9ote• 0is $ersonalit did nothing

to win $eo$le o9er*coldsarcastic tactless aloof

• Political .genda – >$$osed sla9er

– Wanted to treat )ati9e."ericans fairl

– /u$$orted ."erican /ste"

– !ac5son and his su$$orterstried to "a5e .da"sLs lifeas "isera4le as $ossi4le(orru$t 6argain• )o "aDor legislati9e

di$lo"atic "ilitar orad"inistrati9e achie9e"ents

contri4uted to .da"sLresidenc

Presie!t Joh! ,ui!cy ams<

1st

presie!t ever photoraphe



Jac0so! ae #%



!ac5sonLs 1828 a"$aign• Election of 182B had s$lit the #e$u4lican

Part

– )ational #e$u4licans*.da"s – He"ocratic-#e$u4licans*!ac5son

• !ac5son 4egan ca"$aigning for the 1828election i""ediatel after his loss in182B

• er nast ca"$aign – .da"sNs su$$orters said that !ac5sons "o"

was a $rostitute and his wife an adultererand 4iga"ist

– !ac5sons su$$orters said that .da"s wonthe $residenc through corru$tion ga"4ledin the White 0ouse criticiJed the a"ount ofOO he had "ade and suggested that he had$i"$ed for the tsar of #ussia

• Part Platfor"s –

.da"s*internal i"$ro9e"ents and$rotecti9e tari:s

– !ac5son*li"ited go9ern"ent and low tari:s

• !ac5son won 4oth the $o$ular andelectoral 9ote in 1828 – 0igh 9oter turn out a"ong co""on "en

(far"ers sho$5ee$ers general wor5ers-"an uneducated

• 6egan what is often referred to as the .ge of theo""on Man,





The /$oils /ste"

• !ac5son introduced the s$oilssste" ($atronage*awarding$olitical su$$orters with $u4licoQce

• !ac5son defended $olic 4

arguing in fa9or of rotation inoQce, – #otation in oQce would $re9ent a

s"all grou$ of $eo$le fro"controlling the go9ern"ent

RThe s$oils sste" would lastfro" the .ge of !ac5son until itwas re$laced 4 the i9il /er9iceo""ission during the 188s

Presie!t Jac0so!



Tari: risis

• Tari:s were su$$orted 4 the"iddle states and the )ewEngland states to $rotect

."erican industr

• /outherners o$$osed $rotecti9etari:s – Made $rices higher – >ther countries retaliated and $ut

tari:s on ."erican ex$orts



• Tari: of 1828 $assedangering /outherners*+6lac5 Tari:+ or +Tari: of

.4o"inations –Passed Dust 4efore !ac5son

entered oQce

–/outherners thought itdiscri"inated against the"

•/outh $aid higher $ricesfor goods

•>ther countries $lacedtaxes on /outhern ex$orts

–/outh arolina led the

$rotest against the tari:• The South Carolina Exposition (!ohn alhoun*!ac5sonsP said the tari: was unDustand unconstitutional andshould 4e nulliCed (. and %

#esolutions – /tateLs rights

Joh! . a6hou!< 3P u!er Jac0so!

a! 6eaer o9 the !u66i@catio!moveme!t i! &outh aro6i!a



)ullies 9s 7nionists in /outharolina

• /how down in /outh arolina – )ullies+ 9s 7nionists (+su4"ission "en+

• )ullies wanted to 9ote in the state legislature to declarethe Tari: of 1828 unconstitutional

• 7nionists su$$orted the 7nion and the federalgo9ern"ents right to $ass and collect the tari:

• )ullies, did not ha9e a "aDorit in the legislature andcould not call a s$ecial con9ention

• Tari: of 18@2 $assed which reduced tari: 4utwas still $rotecti9e

• 18@2 state election +nullies+ won a 2A@ "aDorit andcould call a s$ecial con9ention to declare the tari: nulland 9oid*)ulliCcation risis



• /how down with !ac5son – / nulliCed the tari: and

threatened to secede fro"the 7nion if the federalgo9ern"ent tried to collectthe tari:

– !ac5son started $re$aringto in9ade /

• Force 6ill was $assedauthoriJing the use of the"ilitar to collect tari:$a"ents fro" /

• !ohn alhoun resigned asP so he could get elected tothe 7/ /enate to defendnulliCcation

• 0enr la negotiated aco"$ro"ise

– o"$ro"ise of 18@@

» Graduall reduce rates tothe Tari: of 181& rates

4e!ry 6ay< the Areat ompromiser



The Trail of Tears• .s settlers "o9ed west the

continued to ta5e )ati9e

."erican land• /ince Washington )ati9e

."ericans were recogniJed asse$arate nations and the 7/ hadnegotiated treaties with the"

• 1828 G. $ut the hero5ee under

state Durisdiction and too5 theirlands – hero5ee too5 their case to the

/u$re"e ourt and won@xs*Worcester v. Georgia• !ac5son refused to recogniJe the

hero5ee 9ictor – +Mr (!ohn Marshall has "ade his decision<

now let hi" enforce it+

• 18@ ongress $assed the;ndian #e"o9al .ct – .ll )ati9e ."ericans east of the M/

#i9er were to 4e "o9ed to >%Territor• hero5ee Trail of Tears (18@8*1AB of

the hero5ee died on the forced "arch





Election of 18@2

• 18@2 Election had Bcandidates – !ac5son*He"ocrat

– la*)ational#e$u4lican

– Flod*;nde$endentHe"ocrat

– Willia" Wirt*.nti-Masonic• 1st e9er @rd $art

• !ac5son had alandslide electoral9ictor

Hestr ction of the 6an5 of the



Hestruction of the 6an5 of the7nited /tates

• 67/ charter was due toex$ired in 18@&

• !ac5son wanted to 5ill itearl and in 18@@ 4eganwithdrawing 7/ funds fro"the 67/ – !ac5son re$laced 2

secretaries of the treasur4efore he found one whowould withdraw the

funds*#oger 6 Tane – Mone was then $ut in $et

4an5s, (state 4an5s whichsu$$orted the He"ocratic$art

• 6an5 was destroed



Texas• 1821 Mexico won

inde$endence fro" /$ain• /te$hen .ustin was

granted a huge tract ofland with the

understanding he would4ring @ fa"ilies to settleit*Most will co"e fro"/outh and /outhwest – /ettlers had to agree to

4eco"e Mexican citiJens – /ettlers had to agree to

4eco"e atholic

– /ettlers agreed to li9e underMexican law

&te he! usti!





• 18@ Mexico e"anci$ated itssla9es and $rohi4ited furtheri"$ortation of sla9es in TSand further ."ericani""igration into TS .lsoMexico 4egan to go9ern Texasdirectl – ."ericans ignored this and 5e$t

co"ing 5e$t 4ringing in sla9esand disregarded Mexican law

• 18@@ /te$hen .ustin went toMexico it to negotiate the$ro4le"s and /anta .nnathrew hi" in Dail for 8 "onths

• 18@3 /anta .nna wi$ed out alllocal rights of Texans and4egan to raise an ar" tosu$$ress the Texans

• Men who went to Texas who4eca"e well-5nown included.ustin Willia" Tra9is /a"0ouston !i" 6owie Ha9ieroc5ett

Jim Bowie

Davie roc0ett



• 18@& Texas declared itsinde$endence and na"ed /a"0ouston co""ander in chief

• /anta .nna sent the "ilitar into sto$ the re4ellion – Texas su:ered crushing defeats at

the .la"o (Tra9is roc5et and6owie died and Goliad

– Mexican troo$s and /anta .nnadefeated at /an !acinto

– /anta .nna was forced to sign the

Treat of elasco withdrawingtroo$s fro" Texas granting Texasinde$endence and esta4lishingthe #io Grande as the /outhern6order• 'ater /anta .nna said treat was

illegal 4ecause he was "ade to signit under duress

• >n his last da in oQce in 18@ !ac5son recogniJed the 'one/tar #e$u4lic under President/a" 0ouston – Texas wanted to 4eco"e $art of

the 7/ 4ut the sla9er issued$re9ented that fro" ha$$ening



The 6irth of the Whigs

• The Whig $art for"edin 18@B 4 thoseo$$osed to !ac5sonswithdrawal of fundsfro" the 67/ – 'eadershi$U la We4ster

alhoun

• Whigs attractedsu$$orters of the."erican /ste"

/outhern statesrighters large northernindustrialists and"erchants and theshort-li9ed .nti-Masonic

Part was 4e a4sor4ed



The Election of 18@&

• Martin an 6uren(He"o 9 B Whigcandidates (Willia"0enr 0arrison the

leading one• an 6uren 4arel

won $o$ular 9ote4ut won electoral

9ote• Main reason an

6uren won was thesu$$ort of !ac5son





!ohn TlerLs Presidenc

• 0arrison died after onla4out B wee5s in oQce

• Tler 4eca"e President – This was a $ro4le" for the

Whigs (under the leadershi$ of

We4ster and la 4ecause hewas reall a He"ocrat at heart

– 0ad onl left the He"ocraticPart 4ecause he didnt agreewith "an of !ac5sons actions

– 0e was anti-67/ anti-

$rotecti9e tari: and anti-internal i"$ro9e"ents (allthing which the Whigssu$$orted su$$orted statesrights

Presie!t 4arriso! hathe shortest presie!cy

i! history.









Ereo!

• 6ritain and 7/ still had clai"s on >regon(.nglo-."erican on9ention

• +>regon Fe9er+ hit and 4 18B& – 3 ."ericans were in >regon as co"$ared

to around 6rits

• 6ritain 4egan to want to negotiate a$eaceful treat to sol9e a $ro4le" 4eforeit started

• Pol5 had "ade ># (along with TS and .$art of his +"anifest destin+ (!ohn>/ulli9an $latfor" in 18BB









• )icholas P Trist sent tonegotiate*Treat ofGuadalu$e 0idalgo

• Treat was E# goodfor the 7/ –

#ecei9ed all the dis$utedterritor

– #ecei9ed .

– MS ga9e u$ its clai" toTS

– 7/ agreed to $a O18"illion

• MS lost 1A2 of theircountr in the war



• 1@ died*"ost fro" disease

• i9il War leaders 7/ Grant and #o4ert E 'eewere on the 4attleCeld

• )a9 was 9er successful in 4loc5adingMexican $orts

• The ar" did not su:er a defeat• MaDor $ro4le" arose*Would sla9er s$read to

the newl acKuired territor? – Wil"ont Pro9iso*)o sla9er in the Mexican ession

– Passed 0ouse 2xs (controlled 4 )orth and failed to

$ass /enate ()orth and /outh eKuall re$resented





itio!a6 F!9ormatio!

• Ma5e certain to re9iew theoutline notes in 6lac54oardU – F!ve!tio!s a! F!!ovatio!s

– Gorther!-&outher! &ociety

– u6ture a! Re6iio!

– Re9orm Moveme!ts

– 5he est

Documents

H Post- War of 1812 Through the War With Mexico7