h ow t echnology a nd Y OU can s ave fuel and the environment

HOW TECHNOLOGY AND YOU CAN SAVE FUEL AND THE ENVIRONMENT

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Burning gasoline to power vehicles pollutes the air and causes smog

Emissions from cars contribute to global warming

You can help save the environment by using fuel more efficiently

Vehicle Pollution and the Environment

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With this setup you can:

Check out new vehicle technologies and how they can improve fuel economy

Test different driving habits and see how YOU can save fuel to help the environment


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Internal Combustion Engine (Gas) Vehicles

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A mixture of gasoline and air powers the engine

Engine emissions pollute the air

Only about 14-26% of fuel energy is used – much of it is lost in the engine as heat

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Hybrid Vehicles

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They are powered by both an electric motor and a gasoline engine

Regenerative braking turns vehicle kinetic energy into reusable electricity while braking

Engine turns off when the car is stopped; restarts when the car moves

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Electric Vehicles (EV)

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Rechargeable batteries provide power to an electric motor

Less use of fossil fuels

EVs convert over 80% of battery energy to power the wheels

No exhaust gas!

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Energy Losses and Vehicle Efficiency:

There are a lot of reasons why a vehicle loses energy. Some of the main reasons are: Air resistance Rolling resistance

Type of vehicle you drive

Your driving style

Amount of fuel used

Engine losses



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Air Resistance: FD=0.5ρv2CdA When driving at

highway speeds, wind resistance takes about 40% of your car’s energy

More speed More energy lost

Air resistance is directly proportional to the square of the vehicle’s velocity

FD is the force of drag on the vehicle ρ is the density of airV is the speed of the vehicle relative to the airCd is the drag coefficient A is the vehicle front area



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Rolling Resistance: F=CN

Low tire pressure increases rolling resistance

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F is the force of rolling resistanceC is rolling resistance coefficient N is the tire normal force

Rolling resistance is related to the mass of the vehicle and the rolling coefficient

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By using less engine RPM, you can lower engine losses

Engines need to breath! Keep engines’ air filters clean to save fuel



Engine Losses

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Engine speeds are measured by Rotation Per Minute or RPM

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Drive slower to help lower air resistance

Make sure your tire pressure is right. Low tire pressure increases fuel consumption

Don’t drive aggressively! Try not to brake or accelerate more than you need to



Tips For Better Driving

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We are grateful for the financial support of Ontario Research Fund and Automotive Partnership Canada for the development of this setup.

The contributions of Kevin Cochran, Mitch Rushton, Babak Ebrahimi, Xiang Fang, and Adrian Neil have been significant in the design, fabrication and programming of this setup and are very appreciated.

Amir Khajepour, PhD, PEngProfessor and Canada Research Chair in Mechatronic Vehicle SystemsPrincipal Investigator, Green Intelligent Transportation Systems – Green ITS

Acknowledgments

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Documents

h ow t echnology a nd Y OU can s ave fuel and the environment