GURUKUL INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH … · Zatapat Marathi Shuddhalekhan, Zatapat Nibandha, Thalak shuddhalekhan, Bahinaichi Gani : Soundrya Aani Samiksha, Arvachin Marathi

GURUKUL INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY

RESEARCH JOURNAL

ISSN No. 2394-8426

UGC Approved Journal No.48455

With International Impact Factor 2.254

Published by

Special Issue On

“15th August 2017

Independence Day”

-: Guest Editor :-

Dr. Pavan Mandavkar

Principal, Indira Mahavidyalaya, Kalamb,

Dist. Yavatmal.

Available At-

http://gurukuljournal.com/ On Date – 15-08-2017

GURUKUL INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY

RESEARCH JOURNAL

ISSN No. 2394-8426 UGC Approved Journal No.48455

International Impact Factor 2.254

Chief Editor

Mr. Mohan Hanumantrao Gitte

Website

http://gurukuljournal.com/

Email us

[email protected]

[email protected]

Contact us

+91 92 73 75 9904

Special Issue On “15th August 2017 Independence Day” ISSN No.2394-8426 with Impact Factor 2.254

Page 1 Online Published by – Gurukul IMR Journal

Available At - www.gurukuljournal.com

Index

Sr.

No. Title Author Page No.

I Guest Editor Biodata I-VI

1 Lokra«;ksRrj HkkjrkP;k fodklkrhy

xfrjks/k% Lo#i vkf.k leh{kk MkW-fln~/kkFkZ Hkxr 1-5

2 egkRek Qqys ;kaps ‘ksrh o ‘ksrdjh

fo”k;d fopkj izk- jk- rq- vkns 6-9

3 LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkpk mn; vkf.k

fodkl Ikzk-MkW- lqfuy pdos 10-13

4 ‘kkfgjh okM-e;krhy Hkkofo’o Ikzk- MkW- larks”k fo”.kw prqj 14-18

5 ejkBh dforsrhy jk”Vªokn% Lo#i vkf.k

‘kks/k MkW- ch- Ogh- fMxksGs 19-23

6 HkqykckbZph xk.kh% ijaijk vkf.k Lo#i Ikzk-MkW- eerk tkujko baxksys 24-29

7 ?kVLQksVkph dkj.ks o eqykaoj gks.kkjk

ifj.kke izk-dYiuk dksjMs 30-33

8 fldy lsy ¼vWfufe;k½ izk- ljkst ;knojko y[kfnos 34-37

9 ejkBhrhy L=hoknh leh{kk vkf.k

L=hoknh dkO; izk- MkW- ohjk ekaModj 38-44

10

oSnHkhZ; dknacjhdkj iq-Hkk- Hkkos ;kaP;k Lokra«;ksRrj lkBiwoZ dknacjhrhy

iszefo’o MkW- iou ekaModj 45-48

11 vfHku; {ks=krhy fL=;kapk

vkRedFkukOnkjs ?ksrysyk ekxksok izk- MkW- vuqjk/kk jk- eqGs 49-51

12 ceje"Jee[Ÿeeleerue oeefjõŸe Skeâ : mebef#ehle

Dee{eJee

Ùeesefielee efkeâmevejeJe jeneCes [[email protected]â Yegmeejs 52-55

13 MeeUeyee¢e cegueebÛÙee efJekeâemeele meJe&efMe#ee

DeefYeÙeeveÛeer Yetefcekeâe : Skeâ DeYÙeeme oUJes oMejLe jeIeespee r 56-60

14 ceneje°elee rue oeefjõÙe js<esKeeueerue

kegâštbyeemee"erÛÙee Ùeespevee Ùeesefielee efkeâmevejeJe jeneCes

[[email protected]â Yegmeejs 61-64


Page I Online Published by – Gurukul IMR Journal


MkW- iou ekaModj izkpk;Z] bafnjk egkfo|ky;] dGac] ft- ;orekG 445 401

v/;{k] lar xkMxs ckck vejkorh fo|kihB ejkBh izk/;kid ifj”kn dk;Zdkfj.kh lnL;] vejkorh fo|kihB izkpk;Z Qksje

MkW- iou ekaModj ;kauh ejkBh vkf.k baxzth v'kk nksu fo"k;kr ,e-,- dsys vkgs- R;kauh ch-,M- ph inoh izkIr dsyh vlwu ^n;k iokj % ok³~e;n'kZu vkf.k fpfdRlk* ;k fo"k;koj R;kauk vejkorh fo|kihBkus vkpk;Z inohus lUekfur dsys vkgs- ejkBh fo"k;krp rs ;qthlh rQsZ ?ksryh tk.kkjh usV ijh{kkgh mRrh.kZ >kys vkgsr- ,e-,- ejkBhr rs fo|kihBkrwu izFke vkys gksrs rj ch-,M-P;k ijh{ksr R;kauh izkoh.; feGfoys gksrs- R;kauh Hkkjrh; ok;wlsusr lseh VsfDuf'k;u Eg.kwu lkr o"ksZ lsok fnyh vkgs- ;k njE;ku rs rkehGukMwrhy psébZ ;sFks ] iatkce/khy pafnx< ;sFks vkf.k jktLFkkukrhy mrjykbZ ft- ckMesj ;sFks dk;Zjr gksrs- R;kuarj lksukekrk gk;Ldwy] pgkan ;sFks lgk;d f'k{kd] bafnjk egkfo|ky;] dGac ;sFks ejkBh vf/kO;k[;krk vkf.k vkrk bafnjk egkfo|ky;] dGac ;sFks izkpk;Zinkoj dk;Zjr vkgsr- fofo/k fo"k;kaojhy R;kaph iapspkGhl iqLrds izdkf'kr vlwu oRri=s o fu;rdkfydkarwu rs lkrR;kus ys[ku djrkr- vkdk'kok.kh ukxiwj vkf.k vkdk'kok.kh ;orekGo:u R;kaP;k vusd dFkk o Hkk"k.kkaps izlkj.k >kys vkgs- R;kaP;k izdkf'kr iqLrdkae/;s xk<o xks"Vh] >aiw] xaerxks"Vh] laLdkj'khy ';ke] xkSjhph fnokGh gs ckydFkklaxzg] izse dfork] fdyfcykV gs dkO;laxzg] MsM ykWd] fojg] viw.kZ la?k"kZ] eh vukfedk cksyrs;] nhif'k[kk ák dknacÚ;k] >ViV 'kq)ys[ku] >ViV i=ys[ku] >ViV ejkBh 'kq)ys[ku] BGd 'kq)ys[ku] >ViV fuca/k] vokZphu ejkBh dfork % 1885 rs 1935 % ,d nf"V{ksi] n;k iokj % ok³~e;n’kZu vkf.k fpfdRlk] nfyr dFkk vkf.k foVkG] egkfo|ky;hu dk;Ziz.kkyh gh vH;klkRed iqLrds izdkf'kr vkgsr- R;kf'kok; fofo/k fo"k;kaojhy dkgh ladh.kZ ys[kugh R;kauh dsys vkgs- R;kr /keky okrk Z] Nku Nku ukos ckGkaph] okLrq'kkL=krhy BGd ladsr] gl.kkoG] 'ksrdÚ;kaP;k vkRegR;k ;k iqLrdkapk lekos'k gksrks- 'kfuf'kax.kkiwj] Jh {ks= fparke.kh dGac] oSnHkhZ; v”Vfouk;d] dFkk iqaMfydkph] Jh {ks= ekgwjx< gh la’kks/kuij /kkfeZd iqLrds R;kauh fyfgyh- v..kk gtkjsaps jkGsx.kfl)h] líke gqlSu] ‘kjn iokj] ‘kjn tks’kh gh pfj=ked xzaFklaink R;kaP;k ukokoj vkgs- egkfo|ky;hu thoukr dkgh okf"kZdkadkaP;k laiknukcjkscjp R;kauh vksatG gk izkfrfuf/kd dkO;laxzg] xa/kkyh gk izkfrfuf/kd pkjksGhlaxzg o fla/kw ák xkSjoxzaFkkps laiknu dsys vkgs- R;kaP;k fdyfcykV ák ckydkO;laxzgkyk egkjk"Vª jkT; lkfgR; vkf.k laLÑrh eaMGkrQsZ vuqnku ns.;kr vkys vkgs- 'kkys; o egkfo|ky;hu thoukr MkW- iou ekaModj ;kauh oDrRo] oknfookn Li/kkZaph rlsp [ksGkr jfuaxe/;s vusd ikfjrksf"kds iVdkoyh vkgsr- uarjgh R;kauk dkgh iqjLdkj feGkys vkgsr- R;kr 2001 lkyh >kysY;k fonHkZ lar lkfgR; laesyu vatuxkolwthZps lUeku i=] vk/;kfRed lgtlek/kh fo'ofo|kikBkpk vkpk;Z dkO;jRu iqjLdkj] prqFkZ vf[ky Hkkjrh; izfrHkk lEeku iqjLdkj lekjksg] bUnkSj rQsZ e- T;ksfrck Qqys f'k{kkfon iqjLdkj] lkfgR;izseh lkoZtfud okpuky;] bLykeiwjps lkfgR; xkSjoi= o lokZsRÑ"V dFkklaxzg iqjLdkj R;kaP;k C;kaM ekLrj ák dFkklaxzgkyk izkIr >kyk vkgs- vusd foHkkxh;] jkT;Lrjh;] jk”Vªh; ppkZl=kaps] dk;Z’kkGkaps] vf/kos’kukaps vk;kstu R;kauh dsysys vkgs- Lor% fofo/k ppkZl=s] dk;Z’kkGk ;kae/;s fuca/kokpu o ppkZl=kaps v/;{k Eg.kwu R;kauk la/kh feGkyh vkgs- vusd la’kks/kuij xzaFk vkf.k ‘kks/kfuca/k R;kaP;k ukokoj vlwu ijns’kkrgh R;kauh ‘kks/kfuca/kkaps okpu dsys vkgs- ijns’kkr ppkZl=kP;k v/;{kinkpk eku R;kauk feGkyk vkgs- ejkBh izk/;kid la’kks/ku if=dk o fjlpZ tuZy vkWQ bafM;k ;k


Page II Online Published by – Gurukul IMR Journal


jk”Vªh; Lrjkojhy fu;rdkfydkaps rs eq[; laiknd vkgsr- vusd egkfo|ky;kaP;k tuZYlP;k lYykxkj eaMGkoj fdaok laiknd eaMGkoj rs dk;Zjr vkgsr- fo|kihBkP;k nwjf’k{k.k foHkkxklkBh R;kauh Øfed iqLrdkaps ys[kugh dsys vkgs- fo|kihB jkls;ks lYykxkj lferhoj R;kauh dk;Z dsys vkgs-

lar xkMxsckck vejkorh fo|kihB ejkBh izk/;kid ifj”knsps v/;{k] vejkorh fo|kihB izkpk;Z Qksjeps dk;Zdkfj.kh lnL;] fo|kihBkP;k ijh{kk rikl.kh iFkdkps lnL;] MkW- HkkÅ ekaModj fjlpZ lsaVjps izdk’kd vkf.k bafnjk egkfo|ky;kps izkpk;Z v’kk fofo/kkaxh {ks=kr rs l/;k dk;Zjr vkgsr-

Biodata

Name: Dr. Pavan Mandavkar

Designation: Principal

Name of College: Indira Mahavidyalaya, Kalamb, Dist. Yavatmal, Maharashtra

Contact No.: 07232-252975, 9422867658

D.O.B.: 2-9-1970

D.O.A.: As Lecturer – 4-10-1997

As Principal - 29-11-2007

D.O.R.: 30-9-2035

Education: 1. M.A. (Marathi) - University Topper 1997

2. M.A. (English) 1993

3. B.Ed. - with distinction 1995

4. NET in Marathi - from UGC Jun 1998

5. Ph.D. in Marathi - Sub. Daya Pawar : Wangmayadarshan aani

Chikitsa

Service: As Lecturer – Since 1997

As Principal – Since 2007 Total 17 years

Published work: Dr. Pavan Mandavkar wrote 40 books in Marathi on different subjects

including novels, stories, poem and research. Few of them awarded by government and by

private sectors. Maharashtra Rajya sahitya aani sanscruti Mandal given a publishing grant for

his 'Kilbilat' a famous poetry book for children. His Story Book 'Band master' has been awarded

as a best story book.

Novels - Dead lock, Virah, Apurana Sangharsha, Dipshikha, Mi Anameeka Boltey

Story - Byand Mastar, Damuanna, Pariche Pankh

Child literature- Gadhav Goshti, Gammat Goshti, Zampu, Sanskarshil shyam

Poetry - Prem Kavita, Onjal (Pratinidhik) (sampadan) Gandhali (Pratinidhik)

(sampadan) Kilbilat (Balkavya) (Granted by Govt. of Maharashtra Sahitya Sanskruti

Mandal)

Spiritual – Shanishignapur (Mahiti), Shri. Shetra Chintamani Kalamb, Katha

Pundlikachi, Vaidarbhiya Ashtavinayak, Sri Kshetra Mahurgarh

Miscellaneous – Eka Rakhelichi (Atma)hatya (Rahasyakatha)

Chhan Chhan Nave Balanchi (Sankalan), Dhamal Warta (Majedar Batmya)


Page III Online Published by – Gurukul IMR Journal


Hasanaval (Vinod), Anna Hajarenche Ralegansiddhi, Mahavidyalayin Karyapranali,

Saddam Husain, Sharad Pawar, Sharad Joshi

Books for Study & reference - Zatapat shuddhalekhan, Zatapat Patralekhan,

Zatapat Marathi Shuddhalekhan, Zatapat Nibandha, Thalak shuddhalekhan,

Bahinaichi Gani : Soundrya Aani Samiksha, Arvachin Marathi Kavita 1985 te 1935 :

Ek Drushtikshep, Dalit Katha ani Vital

Edited Books - Onjal, Gandhali, Sindhu (Gaurav Granth), Marathi Pradhyapak

Suchi, Dalit, Gramin Aani Pradeshk Sahitya, Sant Sahitya

Books with ISBN- Dalit, Gramin Aani Pradeshk Sahitya, Bahinaichi Gani : Soundrya Aani

Samiksha, Sant Sahitya

Editorial Work: Chief Editor, Research Journal of India

Chief Editor, Marathi Pradhayapak Sanshodhan Patrika

Guest Editor, Gurukul International Multidisciplinary Research

Journal (Special Issue)

Member on Advisory Board / Editorial of ISSN National / International journals:

1. SPM-JAR – Sardar Patel College, Chandrapur ISSN-2277-3908

2. GJASPSAS Wadhwani Mahavidyalaya, Yavatmal, International, ISSN-2278-4349

National - IJIRA-ISSN-2249-5029

3. Scholors' Vision, ISSN-2278-7984 Parwekar Mahavidyalaya, Yavatmal

Research Papers of Dr. Pavan Mandavkar

Year International National State Level Regional With

ISBN Other

Pre. Pub. with Pre. Pub. with Pre. Pub. with Pre. Pub. With Impact Books Books

ISBN/ ISBN/ ISBN/ ISBN/ Factor

ISSN ISSN ISSN ISSN

2004-05 - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - -

3

2008-09 - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - 1

2010-11 - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1

2012-13 - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - 1

2013-14 - - 1 1 2 2 - - - 1 - - - 2

-

2014-15 1 - 1 - 2 2 - - - - - - - 1 1

2015-16 - - 1 - 2 2 - - - - - - 1 2

1

2016-17 - 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 - - - 1 - 2

2017-18 - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - 1 2

2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 1 1 4 4 11 11 1 1 1 2 1 - 3 7

12


Page IV Online Published by – Gurukul IMR Journal


2004-05

Research Paper presentation in National Seminar

1. Rastronnatit Marathi Sahityache Yogdan, National Seminar on Individual Achievements

and National Economic Development, Image welfare achievers forum, Thane, Dt. 10 Aug.

2004

2008-09

Research Paper in Regional Conference Proceedings

2. Sant Chalwalichi Parshwabhumi ani Samkalin Paristhiti, Sant Sahityatil Anthprawah,

Regional Conference, J.D. Patil Sangludkar Mahavidyalaya, Daryapur, Dist. Amravati, 12

Jan. 2009, pp. 61-63

2010-11

Research Paper presentation in National Conference

3. Saltant wa Mughalkalin Paristhitit Nirman Zaleli Wangmayin Chalwal, An analysis of

cultural life of India of the medieval ages with reference to the period of 1206 to 1707 AD,

Takshasheela Mahavidyalaya, Amravati, Dt. 4 Feb. 2011

2012-13

Research Paper in ISBN Reference Book by National Publisher

4. Dalit Kathecha Prarambha ani Vaishishtye, Maharashtratil Wangmayeen Chalwal, Aadhar

Social Research and Development Training Institute, Amravati, Nov. 2012, ISBN 978-93-

82588-009, pp. 17-24

2013-14

Research Paper in National Conference Proceedings

5. Vidarbhatil Shetkaryanchya Aatmahatya : Karne wa Upay, National Conference, Arts and

Science College, Pulgaon, Dt. 29 Jan. 2014, ISBN 978-93-5104-693-6, pp. 44-50

Research Paper presentation Regional conference

6. Anna Suraksha Yojaneche Shetiwaril Parinam, Anna Suraksha Yojna, District Level

Conference, Indira Mahavidyalaya, Kalamb, 6 Feb. 2014

Research Paper in ISBN Reference Book

7. Dalit, Gramin aani Pradeshik sahitya, Ed. Dr. Pavan Mandavkar, Dr. Bhau Mandavkar

Sanshodhan Kendra, Indira Mahavidyalaya, Kalamb, ISBN 978-81-925945-0-7, Dt.

27/02/2014, pp. 426-438

Research Paper in ISSN National Journal

8. Sant Chalwalichi Parshwabhumi ani Samkalin Paristhiti, Antarnad, Thane, Referred

Journal, Apr-May-Jun 2014, ISSN 2278-3308, pp. 21-26

Research Paper in ISSN International Journal

9. Sant Janabainche Wangmayeen Yogdan, Sant Sahitya wa Karya, Aadhar International

Peer Review Research Journal, Amravati, July 2014, ISSN 2278-9308, pp. 173-175

2014-15



Page V Online Published by – Gurukul IMR Journal


10. Dalit Literature Movement and Dalit Feminism (with special reference to 'Sangati'),

Research Journal of India, Peer Reviewed National Journal, Dr. Bhau Mandavkar Research

Centre, Kalamb, Oct. 2014, Vol. I, Issue I, ISSN 2348-9370, pp. 73-78

Research Paper in ISBN Reference Book

11. Sant Sahityachya Nimittane, Sant Sahitya, Ed. Dr. Pavan Mandavkar, Dr. Bhau

Mandavkar Sanshodhan Kendra, Indira Mahavidyalaya, Kalamb, ISBN 978-81-925945-4-5, Dt.

17/02/2015, pp. 12-40

Research Paper presentation in International Conference Abroad

12. Indian Dalit Literature : Quest for Identity to Social Equality, BICSS 2015, Bangkok

International Conference on Social Science, Thailand, By Higher Education Forum,

Hongkong, Dt. 26 to 28 Feb. 2015

2015-16


13. Indian Dalit Literature : Quest for Identity to Social Equality, GIAP Journals, Humanities

and social sciences reviews, Hongkong, eISSN 2395-6518, Vol. 3 (2), Apr. 2015, pp. 60-

69


14. Baktipradhan Lokwangmayatil Wasudev ani Dashawatar, Research Journal of India,

Peer Reviewed National Journal, Dr. Bhau Mandavkar Research Centre, Kalamb, ISSN 2349-

9370, Vol. 2, Issue 1, Oct. 2015, pp. 110-114

15. Swatantryottar Sathpurva Vaidarbhiya Kadambaritil Ranjanwad, Marathi Pradhyapak

Sanshodhan Patrika, Peer Reviewed National Journal, Dr. Bhau Mandavkar Research Centre,

Kalamb, ISSN 2454-7409, Vol. 1, Issue 1, Jan. 2016, pp. 48-51

2016-17

Research Paper in ISBN National Level Conference Proceedings

16. Gramin Aatmachritrancha Praranbhkal, UGC sponsored National Conf. Indira Mv.,

Kalamb on ‘Gramin Sahityache Marathi Wangmayat Yogdan’ 6 Aug. 2016, Conf.

Proceedings, ISBN 978-93-5267-016-1, pp. 190-194

17. Namdev Dhasalanchya Kavitewaril Pashchimatya Sahityikancha Prabhav, UGC

sponsored National Conf., Dt. 20-9-2016, Nagar Parishad Shivaji Mahavidyalaya, Movad,

Tq. Narkhed, Dist. Nagpur, ISBN 978-93-5235-973-8, pp. 32-40

Research Paper in State Level Seminar Proceedings

18. NAAC chi tayari, State Level Seminar on Facing To NAAC, Indira Mv., Kalamb, 25 Feb,

2017, Seminar Proceeding, ISBN 978-93-5268-073-3, pp. 78-82


19. Swatantryottar Sathpurva Vaidarbhiya Kadambaritil Ranjanwad, Sanshodhan Shilpa,

Gurukul International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, UGC approved Peer Reviewed

Indexed Referred Journal, ISSN 2394-8426, International Impact Factor 2.254, 27 Aug.

2016, pp. 5-8



Page VI Online Published by – Gurukul IMR Journal


20. Swatantryottar Sathpurva Vaidarbhiya Kadambaritil Samajik Janiwa, Research Journal of

India, Peer Reviewed National Journal, Dr. Bhau Mandavkar Research Centre, Kalamb,

ISSN 2349-9370, Vol. 3, Issue 2, Oct. 2016, pp. 50-53

21. Awwal Ingraji w Swatantrypurwa Kalkhandatil Vaidarbhiya Kadambari, Marathi

Pradhyapak Sanshodhan Patrika, Peer Reviewed National Journal, Dr. Bhau Mandavkar

Research Centre, Kalamb, ISSN 2454-7409, Vol. 2, Issue 1, Jan. 2017, pp. 68-72

2017-18

Research Paper in ISSN Interational Journal

22. Vaidarbhiya Kadambarikar Pu.Bha. Bhave Yanchya Swatantryottar Sathpurva

Kadambaritil Premvishwa, Gurukul International Multidisciplinary Research Journal,

UGC approved Peer Reviewed Indexed Referred Journal, ISSN 2394-8426, International

Impact Factor 2.254, 15 Aug. 2017

Other: 1. At the age of 16, after XIIth science, he joined Indian Air Force as a semi

technician in the dept. of Metrology. In this service of 7 years he was at Chennai, Chandigarh

and Utarlai of Barmer district at Pakistan border. At the same time he completed his BA, MA

English privately. 2. After this he joined as a school teacher, then lecturer in a college and now

Principal at Indira Mahvidyalaya, Kalamb.

3. Many stories of Dr. Pavan Mandavkar broadcasted from Akashwani Nagpur and Akashwani

Yavatmal.

4. He has taken 'Marathi Shuddalekhan classes free of charge for many years.

5. He awarded with 'Acharya Kavyaratna Puraskar', 'Mahatma Jyotiba Fule Puraskar'

and 'Sahitya Gaurav Puraskar'.

6. More than 200 articles, stories, poetry on different subjects published in News papers

& periodicals.

7. Writer of a part of Text Book of Marathi Subject of BA I, BA II, BA III for Distance

Education of Amravati University.

8. Ex. NSS Prgramme Officer.

9. Ex. Member on Advisory board of University NSS.

10. Many times University Paper setting and moderation since 1999 for Amravati

University & Devi Ahilya Vishavidyalaya, Indore.

11. President of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Marathi Pradhyapak Parishad

12. Working on many committee as chairman or member in College.

13. Executive Member of Principal’s Forum, SGBAU, Amravati.

14. He has attended and presented many research paper on various Marathi Literature at

International, National,Sstate & Regional Level Conference and Seminars.

15. He is connected with many organizations like Educational, Literature and Social ,

Publications. He is the Propriter of Seva Prakashan, published number of books related with

Literature.




Lokra«;ksRrj HkkjrkP;k fodklkrhy xfrjks/k% Lo#i vkf.k leh{kk MkW-fln~/kkFkZ Hkxr]

lg;ksxh izk/;kid dyk okf.kT; egkfo|ky; jkGsxko

lkjka'k vusd vkdze.k ipowugh gk ns’k osGksosGh rkBi.ks mHkk jkfgyk vkgs- ‘kd] gw.k] ;ou] rqdZ] eksxy]

iksrZqxht] baxzt v’kh vkdze.kdR;kZaph eksBh ;knh vkgs- fczVh’k bLV bafM;k daiuhph LFkkiuk >kyh vkf.k rh;ksx s baxztkaps Hkkjrk’kh O;kikjh laca/k vf/kd ?kV~V >kys- Hkkjrkrwu dPpk eky [kjsnh djk;pk] rks baXyaMyk U;k;pk] R;koj izfdz;k djk;ph vkf.k iDdk eky ijr Hkkjrkr vk.kwu fodk;pk] vls m|ksx baxztkauh lq#okrhyk dsys- R;kaP;k y{kkr ;k;yk ykxys dh] bFk s vkiY;kyk fojks/k dj.kkjk dq.kh ukgh- laca/k ns’kp R;kauh gGwgGw ?k’kkr ?kkryk-

Lokra«;ksRrj dky[kaMkr Hkkjrkph tso<h izxrh Ogk;yk goh gksrh] rso<h >kysyh fnlr ukgh- ;kph dkj.ks Hkkjrh; ukxfjdkaP;k ekufldrsr t’kh nMysyh vkgsr] r’khp ‘kkldh; ;a=.kk izHkkohi.ks jkcow u ‘kdysY;k@’kd.kkÚ;k ljdkjkae/;s ns[khy vkgsr- f’k{k.k] vkjksX;] jkstxkj] m|ksx ;klkj[ks dGhps ‘ksdMks iz’u vkiY;kyk lrkor vlrkauk] vki.k jkeeafnj] xksgR;k ;klkj[;k iz’ukaoj vkiyh laiw.kZ ‘kDrh [kpZ d#u osGspk] Jekpk vkf.k jk”Vªh; laiRrhpk viO;; djhr vkgksr- tx dqBs pkyys vkgs] vkf.k vki.k dqBs pkyyks vkgksr] ;k iz’ukpk vR;ar xkaHkh;kZus fopkj dsyk ikfgts- fLFkrhf’kyrsdMwu xfrf’kyrsdMs vki.k izokl dsyk ikfgts-- cht'kCn

Lokra«;ksRrj] Hkkjr] vkdze.ks] /keZ] izxrh] xfrjks/k fo"k; foospu

ijdh;kaph vkdze.ks] vkiY;k ns’kkyk uohu ukghr- vusd vkdze.k ipowugh gk ns’k osGksosGh rkBi.k s mHkk jkfgyk vkgs- ‘kd] gw.k] ;ou] rqdZ] eksxy] iksrZqxht] baxzt v’kh vkdze.kdR;kZaph eksBh ;knh vkgs- lu 1880 e/;s fczVh’k bLV bafM;k daiuhph LFkkiuk >kyh vkf.k rh;ksxs baxztkaps Hkkjrk’kh O;kikjh laca/k vf/kd ?kV~V >kys- Hkkjrkrwu dPpk eky [kjsnh djk;pk] rks baXyaMyk U;k;pk] R;koj izfdz;k djk;ph vkf.k iDdk eky ijr Hkkjrkr vk.kwu fodk;pk] vls m|ksx baxztkauh lq#okrhyk dsysr- gGwgGw R;kaP;k y{kkr ;k;yk ykxys dh] bFks vkiY;kyk fojks/k dj.kkjk dq.kh ukgh- laca/k ns’kp R;kauh gGwgGw ?k’kkr ?kkyk;yk lq#okr dsyh o laca/k ns’kkr baxzth lRrspk vaey lq# >kyk- vki.k baxztkaps nkl cuyks] xqyke cuyks- gs lR; vkiY;k ;sFkhy dkgh ns’kcka/kokauk ckspw ykxys- ns’k vkiyk rj ljdkjgh vkiysp gos] gh Hkkouk cGkow ykxyh- R;krwu Lokra«;kph pGoG fuekZ.k >kyh- baxztkapk fojks/k u tqekurk gh pGoG izpaM QksQkoyh o v[ksj 15 vkWxLV 1947 yk vkiyk ns’k Lora= >kyk- gk vkiY;k ns’kkrhy ,d egRokpk iMko gksrk- ,d ;q/n~ vki.k ftadys gksrs- ijarq [kjh y<kbZ ;kuarjp lq# gks.kkj gksrh] gs cgqrsdkaP;k /;kuheuhgh uOgrs- T;k gsrwus] T;k vis{ksus gs Lokra«;;q/n~ y<Y;k xsys] R;krhy vusd gsrw lk/; gk sr vkgsr] vls fnlwu vkys ukgh- vusd vis{kk yksdkaP;k eukrp ncwu jkfgY;kr- ljdkj cnyys i.k /kksj.ks cnyyh ukghr- lRrk/kkjh dk;ep lq[kkr jkgrkr rlsp vkrkgh ?kMys- vkiY;k ns’kkrhy vkiys ljdkj tursP;k iz’ukaP;k lanHkkZr Qkj xkaHkh;kZus fopkj djrs] vls vkrki;ZarP;k lRrj o”kkZP;k dky[kaMkr fnlwu vkys ukgh- gGwgGw ;k loZ ckchauk ;sFkhy tuleqnk; ljkoyk-




lRrk/kkjh oxZ fu<kZoyk vkf.k izxrh] fodkl vls ‘kCn dsoG dkukoj ;sr jkfgys- tursyk vkiyh ukxo.kwd gksr vkgs] gs dGwu ns[khy tuerkpk jsVk ljdkjfojks/kkr d/kh ok<yk ukgh fdaok ljdkj ikrGho#u ns[khy Qkjls iz;Ru >kys ukghr- turk vkf.k ljdkj ;kaP;krhy njh #ankor xsyh- laokn [kqaVyk- R;kpk ifj.kke laca/k ns’kkP;k fodkl izfdz;soj >kyk- ^ljdkjPkk vkfFkZd vk?kkMhojhy ijkHkokpk lxG;kr eksBk iqjkok Eg.kts ‘ksrh{ks=krhy ok<r tk.kkjh vLoLFkrk*1- gh vLoLFkrk laca/k ns’k O;kiwu jkfgysyh vkgs] ;kpk izR;; ;srk s- ,d izdkjph fLFkrhf’kyrk fuekZ.k >kyh- tursP;k tx.;kej.;kps iz’u cktwyk Bsowu R;kauk Hkkofud lkn ?kkywu ew[k Z cuo.;kps m|ksx lq# >kys- tursykgh vkiys fgr d’kkr vkgs] rs letsukls >kys fdaok R;kis{kk R;kauk ^nqlÚ;k d’kkr* rjh LokjL; okVk;yk ykxys- f’k{k.k] vkjksX;] csjkstxkjh] va/kJ/n~k] yksdla[;k] i;kZoj.k] ik.khiz’u] egkxkbZ] tkfr;rk] /kekaZ/krk ;k leL;k ok<k;yk ykxY;k- ijarq ljdkj vkf.k turk nks?ksgh ;kdMs nqyZ{k djhr jkfgys- ns’kkP;k fodklkr Qkj eksBs xfrjks/k fuekZ.k Ogk;yk ykxys- vusd ljdkjs vkyhr vkf.k xsyhr lq/n~k] i.k lkekU; ek.klkps lkekU; iz’u lqVys ukghr] rsFks fodklkps rj ukop udks- gs vls dka] dks.kkeqGs] d’kkeqGs ?kMys vlkos] ;kph mdy ;k izLrqrP;k NksVs[kkuh ‘kks/kfuca/kkrwu dj.;kpk iz;Ru vkgs- Lokra«;k sRrj HkkjrkP;k fodklkr xfrjks/k dk fuekZ.k >kysr vkf.k R;kps Lo#i dk; vkgs] ;k lanHkkZr ijke’kZ ?ks.;kpk gk iz;Ru vkgs- Hkkjrh; Lokra«;kP;k lanHkkZr rRdkyhu usR;k aP;k vis{kkaph iwrZrk >kyh vkgs dk;] gk dGhpk iz’u vkgs- Lokra«; feGwu lRrj o”ksZ >kyhr- rFkkfi lkekU; ek.klkaP;k tx.;k ej.;kps iz’u vtwugh lqVys ukghr- ladh.kZ Lo#ikph lekt O;oLFkk vl.kkÚ;k ns’kkr ijLij fojks/kh vkpkj fopkj c?kk;yk feGrkr- R;keqGs vewd ,d xks”V ,[kk|k lektkyk pkaxyh okVr vlsy rj nqlÚ;k lektkyk rh fuf”k/n~ okVrs vkf.k xfrjks/k fuekZ.k gksrkr- xfrjks/kkrwu fLFkfr’khyrk fuekZ.k gksrs- ifj.kkeh fodklkP;k okVk jks[kY;k tkrkr- ekxhy lRrj o”ksZ ;kph lk{k nsrkr- ;k lanHkkZr ^tkrhP;k vkf.k /kekZP;k iz’ukoj ewd jkg.ks Eg.kts thou letkowu u ?ks.ksp gks;*2 gs MkW-ukxukFk dksRrkiYys ;kaps fo/kku xkaHkhZ;kus ?ksrys ikfgts- Lokra«;ksRrj HkkjrkP;k fodklkr dkgh xfrjks/kkapk ijke’k Z ?ks.ks R;keqGsp xjtsps okVrs- 1½ /keZ

txkr vlk ek.kwl ukgh dh] T;kpk dqByk uk dqByk /keZ ukgh- LokHkkfodp Hkkjrkrhy izR;sd ukxfjdkyk dqByk uk dqByk /keZ vkgs- R;kP;k ekufld LokLF;klkBh] O;fDrxr mUu;uklkBh /keZ tjh vko’;d okVr vlyk rjh jk”VªfgrklkBh] jk”Vªfgrkiq<s /kekZyk nq ;e eku.ks] gh Hkkjrh;kaph ekufldrk ukgh- /kkfeZd dMosi.kkeqGs jk”Vªfgrkyk ck/kk iksgprs] gh lk/kh ckc y{kkr ?;k;yk vkiY;k ns’kkrhy ukxjhdkaph r;kjh ulrs- ;kr dks.;k ,dk /kekZyk nks”k nsÅu pkyr ukgh- cgqrsd loZp /kekZrhy yksd /kkfeZd dMosi.kkyk mPp xq.kkRed ewY;kapk ntkZ nsrkauk fnlrkr] gs vR;ar ?kkrd vkgs- xfrjks/k fuekZ.k gks.;kps gs ,d izeq[k dkj.k vkgs- 2½ /keZxzaFk

lqekjs uOon VDds yksdkauh /keZxzaFk okpysysp ulrkr- dsoG ,sdho ekfgrho#u R;kauh vkiys er cuoysys vlrs- ewG /keZxzaFk okpk;ph dq.kkph r;kjh ok bPNk ulrs- ijarq /keZxzaFkkr ts fyfgys vkgs] rs ‘kaHkj VDds lR; vkgs] v’kh /kkj.kk mjkr ckGxwu tx.kkÚ;kapk Qkj eksBk oxZ vkiY;k ns’kkr vkgs- R;keqGs tsOgk dsOgk fodklkP;k n”Vhus iz;Ru dsys tkrkr] rsOgk cjspnk xfrjks/kkph leL;k fuekZ.k gksrs- 3½ oSKkfud n`”Vhpk vHkko

Hkkjrkrhy lekt cOga’kh nsoHkksGk vkgs- R;kP;k dkgh letwrh vkgsr- dkgh J/n~k vkgsr- cÚ;kp’kk J/n~k g;k va/kJ/n~k ;k lnjkr eksM.kkÚ;k vkgsr- foKkuoknh n”Vhdks.k u fLodkjY;keqGs jk”Vªh; foKkuoknh /kksj.k




vkf.k oS;fDrd voSKkfud nf”Vdks.k ;kaP;kr la?k”kZ fuekZ.k gksrks- gh fuekZ.k gks.kkjh la?k”kkZph fLFkrh O;kid jk”Vªfgrkiq<s iz’ufpUg mHk s djrs- R;krwu xfrjks/k fuekZ.k gksrks- 4½ uSlfxZd vkiRrh

nq”dkG] iwj] Hkwdai gs dks.kR;kgh jk”Vªkyk pqdysys ukghr- ijarq brj izxr jk”Vªs ;k leL;kapk tlk eqdkcyk djrkr] rls vkiY;kdMs gksr ukgh- ukxjhdkaph LFkykarjs] foLFkkiu ;keqGs ns[khy Qkj eksB;k leL;k fuekZ.k gksrkr- foLFkkfir ukxjhdkaP;k iquoZlukps iz’u o”kkZuqo”ksZ izyafcr jkgrkr- R;koj dkghgh rk sMxk fu?krkauk fnlr ukgh- mik; ;kstrkauk ‘kkldh; ;a=.kk Hkz”V vlY;kl goh rh enr gO;k R;k ek.klki;Zar tkÅu iksgpr ukgh vkf.k leL;k vf/kd xaHkhj Lo#i /kkj.k d# ykxrs- ;keqGs ns[khy xfrjks/k fuekZ.k gksrks - 5½ ljdkjh /kksj.kke/;s fu;kstukpk vHkko

,[kknk ns’k izxrh djrks] Eg.kts useds dk; ?kMrs\ rj loZizFke vkjk[kMk r;kj djkok ykxrks- R;kcjgqdwe dke djkos ykxrs- ljdkjP;k eukr vkys vkf.k yxsp dk;Zokghyk lq#okr >kyh] vls lglk ?kMr ukgh- ijarq vkiY;kdMs ek= v’kh vusd mnkgj.ks vkgsr- dsanz ljdkj vlks dh jkT; ljdkj] fu;kstu ulys dh pkaxY;k midzekpk ns[khy ckstokjk oktrks - ifj.kkeh xfrjks/k fuekZ.k gksrks- 6½ i{kh; jktdkj.kkyk egRRo

Hkkjrh; jktdkj.kkr i{k i/n~rhyk vR;ar egRokps LFkku vkgs- iz/kkuea=h vkf.k R;kaps ea=heaMG rlsp eq[;ea=h vkf.k R;kaps ea=heaMG gs dks.kR;krjh ,d i{kkps vlrs- fojks/kh i{k fojks/kdkph Hkwfedk ikj ikMr vlrkauk dsoG fojks/kklkBh fojks/k Eg.kwu ljdkjP;k pkaxY;k /kksj.kkyk fojks/k gksr vlsy rj rsgh ?kkrdp vkgs- rlsp dsanz ljdkjP;k i{kkps ljdkj ,[kk|k ?kVd jkT;kr ulsy rj R;kdMs tk.khoiwoZd nqyZ{k djrs] gs ns[khy ?kkrdp vkgs- fodklkP;k okVse/;s R;keqGs xfrjks/k fuekZ.k gksrks- 7½ izlkjek/;es

vktP;k ;qxkr izlkj ek/;es vR;ar izHkkoh >kyh vkgsr- rFkkfi vkiyh dkes izkekf.kdi.ks u djrk] vkiY;k fgrlaca/kkph tksikluk T;k jktdh; i{kkdMwu] ljdkjdMwu gksrs] R;kps ykaxwy pkyu dj.;kr /kU;rk eku.kkjh i=dkfjrk vkt tUekyk vkyh vkgs- pqdhP;k ckrE;k oRri=s vFkok VhOghoj lkrR;kus izlkfjr gksr jkfgY;kl ukxfjdkauk R;k [kÚ;kp vkgs] vls okVw ykxrs- foosdcq/n~hus u dsyh tk.kkjh i=dkfjrk gh ;k ns’kkrhy Qkj eksBh leL;k vkgs- ;keqGs jk”VªfgrkP;k fojks/kkr xfrjks/k fuekZ.k gksrks- 8½ yksdizfrfu/khaph mnklhurk

fo/kkueaMGs vkf.k laln rlsp LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkae/;s ts yksdizfrfu/kh vki.k fuoMwu nsrks ] rs uhV dkes djhr ukghr- fuoM.kwdiwoZ fnysY;k vk’oklukapk R;kauk folj iMrks- tufgrkph dkes dj.;kis{kk i{kfgrkph dkes dj.;kr R;kauk tkLr LokjL; vlrs- R;keqGs turspk vis{kkHkax gksrks- tursph dkes gksr ulY;kus ljdkjfojks/kkr R;kaph ,d Hkwfedk r;kj gksr tkrs- ljdkj vkf.k turk ;kaP;kr la?k”kZ fuekZ.k gksrks- R;kph ifj.krh xfrjks/k fuekZ.k gks.;kr gksrs- 9½ bfrgklkr jeek.k gks.;kph o`Rrh

orZeku dkGkrhy vkOgkus isyoyh ukghr dh ek.kwl HkwrdkGkr jeek.k gksrks- vki.k dls gksrks vkf.k dk; >kyks vkgksr] ;kph okjaokj rks mtG.kh djrks- ,dsdkGh vkiY;k ns’kkrwu lksU;kpk /kwj fu?kr gksrk] ex vkrk gh xfjch dk\ vlk iz’u rks Lor%ykp fopk# ykxrks- yksdizfrfu/kh ns[khy R;kP;k ;k euksoRrhyk gkrHkkj ykorkr- bfrgklkr gksÅu xsysY;k egkiq#”kkaP;k ukokus [kksV;kukV;k xks”Vh lkaxwu] orZekukrhy ewG iz’ukauk cxy




nsÅu udks rs izlax leksj mHks dsys tkrkr vkf.k ukxfjdkaP;k tx.;k ej.kkps iz’u rlsp vuqRrjhr jkgrkr- ifj.kkeh xfrjks/k fuekZ.k gksrks- 10½ lkekftd fo”kerk

vkiY;kdMs tkfrO;oLFkk Qkj iwohZiklwup vfLrRokr vkgs- tkrhtkrhe/;s jksVhcsVh O;ogkj gksr ulr- vktgh cÚ;kp izek.kkr gs vfLrRokr vkgs- R;keqGs ,dk tkrhpk ek.kwl nqlÚ;k tkrhrhy ek.klkyk ghu] rqPN letrks- o.kZO;oLFkk vkf.k tkfrO;oLFksus loZ lektkpk ?kkr dsysyk vkgs] vls fopkjoar lkaxr vlrkauk R;kaP;kdMs vki.k nqyZ{k djrks- Eg.kwu vtwugh tkfrO;oLFkk fVdwu vkgs- tkfrvarkf’kok; loZ ukxfjd leku ikrGhoj ;sÅ ‘kd.kkj ukghr- mPp] uhp gk HksnkHksn dk;e jkghy- ‘kkldh; ikrGho#u rlsp lkekftd ikrGho#u ikfgts rso<s iz;Ru ;k lanHkkZr >kY;kps vk<Gwu ;sr ukgh- dsoG dk;ns d#u gs iz’u lqV.kkj ukghr] rj R;kph dBksj vaeyctko.kh >kY;kf’kok; lkekftd U;k;kph izLFkkiuk gks.ks ‘kD; ukgh- lkekftd fo”kerk] tkfr;rk ;keqGsgh xfrjks/k fuekZ.k gksrks- 11½ dk;|kP;k vaeyctko.khpk vHkko

,[kknk dk;nk fdrhgh izHkkoh vlyk] tufgrkpk vlyk] rjh R;kph vaeyctko.khp gksr ulsy rj R;k dk;|kyk vFkZ mjr ukgh- ^dk;|kps jkT;* vlk ‘kCniz;ksx tsOgk vki.k djrks] rsOgk R;kpk vFkZ dk;|kph vaeyctko.khldV dk;nk] vlk vFkZ vkiY;kyk vfHkizsr vlrks- ijarq dk;ns iqLrdkr cafnLr jkgrkr] rs izR;{k O;ogkjkr fnlr ukghr- rls vlrs rj vkt vkiY;k ns’kkps fp= dkgh osxGsp vlrs- dk;nk iqLrdkrwu tsOgk O;ogkjkr yksddY;k.kkdjhrk okijyk tkbZy] rsOgkp [kÚ;k vFkkZus R;kyk dk;nk Eg.kwu dkgh vFkZ mjsy- dk;|kph] fu;ekaph izHkkohi.ks vaeyctko.kh u gks.ks] ;keqGs vkiY;k ns’kkP;k fodklkr eksBk xfrjks/k fuekZ.k gksrks - 12½ vfHkO;Drh Lokra«;kpk ladksp

ljdkjoj fVdk fVIi.kh dj.ks fojks/kh i{kkps dke vlrs- rlsp ljdkjps dke ilar iMys ukgh rj lkekU; ukxfjdkauk ns[khy R;kfojks/kkr cksy.;kps Lokra«; vkgs- ijarq v’kkosGh ljdkj vkiY;k neu’kDrhpk izR;; vk.kwu isVwu fu?k.kkjk izR;sd vkokt nMiwu Vkd.;kpk iz;Ru djhr vlrs- laiw.kZ ljdkjh ;a=.kspk nq#i;ksx d#u vkiY;k fojks/kkr dq.kh cz ns[khy mPpkj.kkj ukgh] v’kh ng’kr ljdkj fuekZ.k djrs- ts ljdkjP;k ckcrhr rsp /keZ] /keZxzaFk] /kkfeZd dMosi.k tksikl.kkjs xV] la?kVuk ;kaP;kgh ckcrhr- R;kauk ns[khy vkiY;k fojks/kkr dks.kh cksyysys pkyr ukgh- R;krwu la?k”kZ fuekZ.k gksrkr] naxyh ?kMrkr] tkGiksG gksrs] ek.kls ejrkr vkf.k ,d izdkjph ng’kr fuekZ.k gksrs- vkgs rh ifjfLFkrh vkiY;k fodklkyk ik s”kd ulsy rj cnyyh ikfgts] ,o<s lk/ks lw= letwu ?;k;yk ljdkj] /kkfeZd xV] la?kVuk r;kj ulrkr- ifj.kkeh xfrjks/k fuekZ.k gksrks- 13½ d`”kh vkf.k f’k{k.k O;oLFksdMs gks.kkjs nqyZ{k

,dw.k jk”Vªh; mRiUukP;k rqyusr d`”kh vkf.k f’k{k.k O;oLFksoj gks.kkjk [kpZ vR;Yi vkgs- Hkkjr gk vlk ns’k vkgs dh] tsFks ‘ksrdjh vkf.k f’k{k.kkeqGs csjkstxkj >kysys r#.k vkRegR;k djrkr- ‘ksrdjh mRiUu rj dk<rk s i.k R;kP;k mRikfnr ekykyk Hkko ulY;keqGs rks dtZcktkjh gksrks- cWaadkps] lkodkjkps rxkns ok<ys rj R;kyk vkRegR;k djkoh’kh okVrs- rlsp f’k{k.k ?ksÅu] mPp inO;k izkIr d#u uksdjh u ykxY;keqGs] vki.k vkiY;k dqVqackoj Hkkj gksr pkyyks vkgksr] gh tk.kho r#.k f’kf{kr csjkstxkjkyk vLoLFk djrs vkf.k rksgh vkRegR;spk v?kksjh ekxZ fLodkjrks- ;keqGs izpaM izek.kkr xfrjks/k fuekZ.k gksrkauk fnlrkr fu"d”kZ- mijksDr loZ xfrjks/kkapk fopkj djrk vls vk<Gwu ;srs dh] Lokra«;ksRrj dky[kaMkr Hkkjrkph tso<h izxrh Ogk;yk goh gksrh] rso<h >kysyh fnlr ukgh- ;kph dkj.ks Hkkjrh; ukxfjdkaP;k ekufldrsr t’kh nMysyh




vkgsr] r’khp ‘kkldh; ;a=.kk izHkkohi.ks jkcow u ‘kdysY;k@’kd.kkÚ;k ljdkjkae/;s ns[khy vkgsr- f’k{k.k] vkjksX;] jkstxkj] m|ksx ;klkj[ks dGhps ‘ksdMks iz’u vkiY;kyk lrkor vlrkauk] vki.k jkeeafnj] xksgR;k ;klkj[;k iz’ukaoj vkiyh laiw.kZ ‘kDrh [kpZ d#u osGspk] Jekpk vkf.k jk”Vªh; laiRrhpk viO;; djhr vkgksr- txkrhy lxG;k ygku&eksB;k jk”Vªkaleksjhy iz’u igk vkf.k vkiY;k ns’kkleksjhy iz’u igk- dks.kR;k leL;k g;k jk”Vªh; leL;k Eg.kwu vki.k lksMo.;kpk iz;Ru djhr vkgksr] ;kpk lkdY;kus fopkj dj.ks xjtsps vkgs- R;kf’kok; fodklkP;k okVkaoj ekxZdze.k djrk ;s.kkj ukgh- tx dqBs pkyys vkgs] vkf.k vki.k dqBs pkyyks vkgksr] ;k iz’ukpk vR;ar xkaHkh;kZus fopkj dsyk ikfgts- fLFkrhf’kyrsdMwu xfrf’kyrsdMs vki.k izokl dsyk ikfgts- vls >kys ukgh rj T;k vis{ksus vki.k Lokra«; feGfoys] rh vis{kk O;FkZ Bjyh] vls letwu njo”khZ Lokra«;fnukP;k fno’kh frjaX;kyk dk; J/n~katyh viZ.k djk;ph\ fuekZ.k >[email protected] xfrjks/k nwj dj.ks@ukfgls dj.ks jk”Vªh; drZO; ekuwu izR;sdkusp vkikiyk okVk mpyyk ikfgts- lanHkZ fVik 1½ [kkrw xtkuu] tkxfrdhdj.kkpa nkgd okLro] v{kj] eaqcbZ] 2004] i-13 2½ xk;dokM ‘kjn ¼laik-½tkxfrdhdj.k vkf.k ejkBh lkfgR;]Lusgo/kZu]iq.ks] 2009] i-32 lanHkZ xzaFk 1½ okfGacs jk-‘ka-] egkjk”Vªkph lkekftd iqu?kZVuk] iq.ks] 1962 2½ iafMr ufyuh] tkrhokn vkf.k oxZokn] iq.ks ] 1965 3½ nhf{kr uh-l-] Hkkjrkpk bfrgkl ¼1526 rs 1947½] fiaiGkqjs] ukxiwj] 2004 4½ cxkMs mes’k] egkjk”Vªkrhy izcks/ku vkf.k oxZtkfrizHkqRo] lqxkok] iq.ks] 2006 5½ [kkrw xtkuu] tkxfrdhdj.k% ifj.kke vkf.k i;kZ;] v{kj] eqacbZ] 2004 6½ [kkrw xtkuu] tkxfrdhdj.kkpa nkgd okLro] v{kj] eqqacbZ] 2004 7½ xk;dokM ‘kjn ¼laik-½ ] tkxfrdhdj.k vkf.k ejkBh lkfgR;] Lusgo/kZu] iq.ks ] 2009




egkRek Qqys ;kaps ‘ksrh o ‘ksrdjh fo”k;d fopkj izk- jk- rq- vkns

lg;ksxh izk/;kid bafnjk egkfo|ky;] dGac ft-;orekG

lkjka'k Hkkjrkrhy ijaijkxr lekt laLFkkaP;k fo:) caM dj.kkjs ifgys caM[kksj] Hkkjrh; L=h f’k{k.kkps tud

L=h Lokra«;kps vkf.k gDdkaps mn~xkrs ]’ksrdjh&dkedjh ;kaph pGoG mHkkj.kkjs ifgys iq<kjh Eg.kwu tksrhjko xksfoanjko Qqys [;krhizkIr Bjys vkgsr- egkRek Qqys gs pkokZd]cq)]lar dchj]lar rqdkjke]yksdjktk f’kokth ;kaph ijaijk tksikl.kkjs foosdoknh gksrs lekt lq/kkj.kk] L=h&nkL; foekspu lokZauk f’k{k.kkpk ewyHkwr gDd ;kfo”k;h rs vkxzgh gksrs- f’k{k.k gk ek.klkpk frljk MksGk vkgs] gs R;kauh *rrh;jRu* ;k ukVdkrwu nk[kowu fnys gksrs-f’k{k.kkusp euq”; foosd’khy o laosnu’khy curks- f’k{k.kkHkkoh ek.kwl ekuoh gDd] izfr”Bk]ntkZ g;kauk ikj[kk gksrks- lektlq/kkj.kspk ijh?k O;kid gks.;klkBh f’k{k.kkf’kok; Ik;kZ; ukgh] ;kph R;kauk tk.kho gksrh-

cht’kCn ‘ksrh] egkRek Qqys] lekt O;oLFkk] vlwM] tkx:d fo"k; foospu ‘ksrdjh gk laiw.kZ lektO;oLFkspk d.kk vkgs- i.k rksp vKku va/kJ)kaP;k Hkkjkuh okdyk vkgs- R;kP;k rkBi.kkojp lexz lektkps thou voyacwu vkgs-R;keqGs R;kP;krhy vKkukph iqVs ftrD;k yodj nwj gksrhy frrdh lektlq/kkj.ksl xrh izkIr gksbZy- R;klkBh f’k{k.k gkp ,deso Ik;kZ; vkgs- ‘ksrd&;kaP;k vourhps fp= R;kauh vfr’k; leiZd ‘kCnkr R;kauh *‘ksrd&;kP;k vlwM* e/;s js[kkVyas vkgs- R;kr lw=:ikus rs fyfgrkr&

^ fo|sfouk erh xsyh] erhfouk uhrh xsyh uhfrfouk xrh xsyh] xrhfouk foRr xssys] foRrkfouk ‘kwnz [kpys] brds vuFkZ ,dk vfo|sus dsys** 1 ¼’ksrd&;kpk vlwM] i- 263½ ^‘ksrd&;kpk vlwM* ;k xzaFkkP;k miksn~?kkrkr R;kauh gs fopkj O;Dr dsys gksrs- vKku]v/kJ)k][kqGpV :<h&ijaijk]iqutZUe]LoxZ&ujd] deZdkaM]iwoZlafpr ;k loZ dYiuk ekuokyk nkL;’ka[kykr c) d:u Vkd.kk&;k vkgsr- HkksG;k&HkkcM;k yksdkaP;k eukoj ;k dYiukauh xk:M dsys gksrs- R;kaph fopkj’kDrh e:u xsyh gksrh- R;kaP;krhy uofuekZ.k ‘kDrhpk &gkl >kyk gksrk] R;k lokZaoj ,dp Ik;kZ; gksrk rks Eg.kts f’k{k.kkpk ! Eg.kwup egkRek QqY;kauh loZ tkrh/kekZrhy eqyk&eqyhalkBh lDrhP;k o lkoZf=d izkFkfed f’k{k.kkph fudM cksywu nk[kfoyh o R;klkBh drh;qDr vkpj.kgh dsys- ekuoh drZRo nkL;’ka[kykrwu eksdGs dj.;klkBh R;kauh ‘kFkhZps iz;Ru dsys- f’k{k.kkeqGsp lektkrhy njh deh gks.;kl enr gksbZy ;koaj R;kapk fo’okl gksrk- f’k{k.k gsp lekt ifjorZukps izHkkoh ek/;e vkgs ;koj rs Bke gksrs-lektkrhy loZ ?kVdkaph nwjkoLFkk f’k{k.kkeqGsp nwj gksÅ ‘kdrs] ‘ksrdjh oxZgh R;kyk viokn ukgh- ‘ksrd&;akph fiNsgkV]vourh]gh vKkukeqGsp >kyh vkgs- tksi;Zaar ‘ksrdjh ckSf)dn”V;k laiUu gksr ukgh

rksoj ijkoyafcRo]ykpkjh]vxfrdrk]vlgk;rk R;kph ikB lksMr ukgh- iMysY;k iz’ukauk fufHkZMi.ks]lMsrksM mRrj




ns.;kph rkdn f’k{k.kkrp vlrs- R;keqGsp R;kauh lkoZf=d o lDrhP;k f’k{k.kkpk vkxzg /kjyk gksrk- R;krp R;kauk lektkP;k lokZaxh.k izxrhpk ekxZ xolyk- Hkkjrkrhy d”khiz/kku vFkZO;oLFkseqGs cgqla[; lekt gk ‘ksrhoj vkiyh xqtjk.k djrks- ‘ksrhe/khy dkckMd”Vkph dkes d:ugh injh dkghp iMr ukgh]gh ‘ksrd&;kaph okLrfod ifjfLFkrh gksrh- ^’ksrd&;kpk vlwM* e/;s QqY;kauh ’ksrd&;kP;k gyk[khph vusd dkj.ks lkafxryh vkgsr- vkGlkoysY;k cSykoj vklwMkps ¼pkcwd½izgkj dsY;kf’kok; cSy oB.khoj ;sr ukgh- R;kpizek.ks ‘kwnzkaps ‘kks”k.k dj.kkjkaoj vklwMkps izgkj >kYks

ikfgtsr v’kh QqY;kaph Hkwfedk gksrh- ‘ksrd&;kaP;k vKkukpk Qk;nk ?ksÅu R;kauk yqckM.kk&;k ],s”kkjkekr jkg.kk&;k ]HkkdMdFkk lkaxwu Qlfo.kk&;k mPp of.kZ;kauk ;k vklwMkapk izlkn feGkyk ikfgts- vU;k;kfo:) isVwu mB.;kph iszj.kkp e- QqY;kauh ;krwu fnyh vkg s’kksf”kr ‘kwnzkauk tkxr dj.;kP;k iz;Rukrwwwwwww wu ;k xzaFkkph fufeZrh >kyh vkgs- rs Lor%‘ksrdjh dqVqackrhy vlY;keqGs R;kauk ‘ksrd&;kaP;k iz’ukaph pkaxyh tk.k gksrh- ‘ksrd&;akps vusd ekxkZauh gks.kkjs ‘kks”k.k R;kauk O;Fkhr djhr vls- R;klkBh R;kauh ‘ksrd&;kaP;k leL;kapk xkaHkh;kZus fopkj dsyk- R;kekxhy dkj.kkapk ‘kks/k ?ksryk o R;kojhy mik;;kstukgh lkafxrY;k- 10 fMlsacj 1882 jksth R;kaps eqacbZe/khy Hkk;[ksMk ;sFks ^’ksrd&;kph fLFkrh* ;k fo”k;koj Hkk”k.k >kys- R;kosGh R;kauh ‘ksrd&;kaP;k iz’ukaph fpRros/kd ekaM.kh dsyh-o iz’ukaP;k fujkdj.kklkBh mik;gh lqpfoys- 1885 P;k es efgU;kr U;k- jkuMs ;kauh iq.;kP;k oDrRo lHksr ^’ksrdhph fLFkrh* ;k fo”k;koj O;k[;ku fnys- R;k O;k[;kukr ^^rhl o”kkZais{kk gYyh ‘ksrdhph fLFkrh pakxyh vkgs- ‘ksrd&;kaps /kkU; cktkjkr lqyHk jhrhus tkrs o nql&;k vusd lq/kkj.kk >kY;k vkgsr- ngk o”kkZekxs nq”dkG iMyk rsOgk fLFkrh [kkykoyh rjh i.k vktph fLFkrh rhl o”kkZekxY;k fLFkrhis{kk pkaxyh Bjrs-**2 ;kp O;k[;kukr R;kauh tehunkjkaph R;kaP;k dk;kZo:u rjQnkjh dsyh gksrh- tksrhjko QqY;kauk jkuM;kaps gs izfriknu eqGhp #pys ukgh- R;kaps er R;kauh ^b’kkjk* ;k iqfLrdsr [kksMwu dk<ys- jkuM;kaps er iw.kZr%pqdhps o Qlos vkgs gs R;kauh lk/kkj iVowu fnys- mUgkrkUgkr ]mik’khiksVh ck;dkeqykalg jkc.kk&;k ‘ksrd&;kaps nq%[k caxY;kr],s”kksvkjkekr

jkg.kk&;ka czkge.kkaauk dk; ekghr\ vlk jks[kBksd loky QqY;kauh dsyk- ‘ksrd&;kauk Qlowu]R;kaP;k vKkukpk Qk;nk ?ksr R;kaph laiRrh xMi dj.kk&;kauk Jekps eksy dls dG.kkj ! ;klkBh ‘ksrd&;kauh tkx:d >kys ikfgts] vls R;kauk okVr vls- f’k{k.kkf’kok; gs ifjorZu v’kD; vkgs] ;kph R;kauk tk.kho gksrh-Eg.kwup R;kauh f’k{k.kkoj lokZf/kd Hkj fnyk- 1883 P;k vkjaHkkykp R;kauh ^’ksrd&;kpk vlwM* gk xzaFk fyfg.;kl izkjaHk dsyk- i.k R;k njE;ku vusd fBdk.kh HkVdarh djkoh ykxY;keqGs xzaFk fl) Ogk;yk foyac >kyk- ek=] tksrhjkokauh nksu gLrfy[khrs r;kj d:u egkjkT;ikykauk ,d izr rj l;kthjko egkjkt ;kauk nqljh izr HksV fnyh- tksrhjkaokP;k g;krhr ;k xzaFkkps izdk’ku gksÅ ‘kdys ukgh-1967 lkyh gk xzaFk izfl) >kyk-;ke/;s R;kauh ‘ksrd&;kP;k nqjkoLFksyk R;kpss vKku]xqykefxjh] ijkoyachRo o vxfrdrk ]/kkfeZd :<h&ijaijk]vkfFkZd ‘kks”k.k dkj.khHkwr vlY;kps EgVys vkgs- HkV’kkghpk vekuoh O;ogkj gsp ‘kwnzkaP;k nq%[kkps ewG dkj.k vlY;kps rs iksVfrMdhus lkaxr vlr- /keZ o /kkfeZd pkyhfjrh] pkrqoZ.;Z O;oLFkk]deZdkaM]HkVczkge.kkapk diVh dkok ;krp cgqtu lekt fipwu tkr gksrk- R;kyk tkx ;koh Eg.kwu ;k xzaFkkrwu e-Qqys ;kauh mins’k dsyk vkgs- ‘ksrdjh gk ,dhdMs /kekZP;k ukok[kkyh yqVyk tkr gksrk rj nqljhdMs lRrk/kkjh R;kps ‘kks”k.k djr gksrs-^^ bFkY;k ifjfLFkrhps rqViqats Kku vlysys czkg~e.k/kkftZ.ks o ,s”kkjkeh oRrhps xksjs lkgsc ykp[kkÅi.kk]yC/kizfrf”Br

mPpo.khZ; vf/kdkjh ]czkg~e.k dkexkjkaP;k vksatGhus ik.kh fi.kkjs ns[keq[k&ikVhy ;kaP;klkj[ks orunkj]nzO;yksHkh lkodkj vkf.k /keZdR;kapk cktkj ekaM.kkjs iqjkf.kd&iqjksfgr ;k lokZaphp ‘ksrd&;kaP;k ‘kks”k.kkr Hkkxhnkjh gksrh**3




;kojp tksrhjkokauh vklwM mxkjyk gksrk-‘ksrd&;kaP;k ‘kkspuh;]n;uh;]ifjfLFkrhps ewG R;kaP;k vKkukr vkgs- gs R;kauh fujfujkG;k ys[kukrwu vkotZwu lkafxrys- ^’ksrd&;kpk vlwM* ;k xzaFkkP;k ys[kukekxhy Hkwfedk fo”kn djrkuk R;kauh EgVys gksrs]^^ ‘kwnz ‘ksrdjh gk gYyh brD;k nhuok.;k fLFkrhr ;sÅu iksgp.;kph /keZ o jkT;klaca/kh vusd dkj.ks vkgsr- R;kiSdh FkksMD;k cgqrkaps foospu dj.;kP;k gsrwus gk xzaFk jfpyk vkgs- ‘kwnz ‘ksrdjh cukoV o tqyeh /kekZps ;ksxkus],danj loZ ljdkjh [kkR;kauh czkg~e.k oxkZps izkcY; vlY;kus HkVfHk{kqdkadMwu o ljdkjh ;qjksfivu dkexkj ,s”kkjkeh vlY;kps ;ksxkus czkg~e.k dkexkjkadMwu ukMys tkrkr- ;kaP;kiklwu R;kr ;k

xzaFkkoyksdukps ;ksxkus vkiyk cpko djrk ;kok vlk gsrw vkgs-**4 ikjaifjd ]xrkFkZ ]:<h&ijaijkaiklwu ‘ksrd&;kauh Lor%yk nwj d:u ltx gks.;kph fudM QqY;kauh O;Dr dsyh- ‘ksrd&;kauh Lor%P;k eqykauk f’kdokos]R;kauk vk/kqfud Kku&foKkukph vksG[k iVY;kl rs uohu ra=kpk okij d:u ‘ksrh lq/kkj.;kpk iz;Ru djrhy]v’kh R;kauk [kk=h gksrh- ljdkjuh ‘ksrhfo”k;d Kku ‘ksrd&;kauk miyC/k d:u |kos] uksdjhe/khy tkxk yksdla[;sP;k izek.kkr |kO;kr]’ksrd&;kaP;k o ,dw.kp loZ tkrh/kekZaP;k eqyk&eqyhalkBh lDrhps eksQr izkFkfed f’k{k.k |kos] v’kk vusd lwpuk e- QqY;kauh ;k xzaaFkkrwu dsY;k vkgsr- ‘ksrd&;kaP;k tx.;k’kh rs lk{kkr laacaf/kr vlY;keqGs R;kaps thoueku]jkg.kheku][kkuiku]dqVqackph fLFkrh ;kfo”k;hph ri’khyokj ekfgrh ;kr fnysyh vkgs- R;ko:u ‘ksrd&;kP;k okLro thoukph dYiuk ;sÅ ‘kdrs- izR;{k fujh{k.kkrwu gk ri’khry uksanfoysyk vlY;keqGs rks okLro o ;Fkk;ksX; vlk mrjyk vkgs- ukfidh]nq”dkG]nSU;]nkfjnz; ;keqGs ‘ksrdjh dtZcktkjh >kyk- ‘ksrhoj laiw.k Z dqVqackps Hkj.kiks”k.k dj.ks R;kyk v’kD; >kys- R;keqGs tksM/kank dj.;kph R;kyk xjt Hkklyh-R;krwup ykdwMrksM]nqHkrh tukojs ikG.ks]fMad xksGk dj.ks]jkuesok fodwu mnjfuokZg dj.;kdMs R;kpk dy ok<yk- R;kP;k ;k vxfrd]’kkspuh; ifjfLFkrhr fnolkxf.kd ok<p gksr xsyh- ‘ksrd&;kP;k foiUukoLFksr Hkj Vkd.;klkBhp ‘ksrlkjk]yksdyQaM ;k tho?ks.;k leL;k mH;k jkfgY;k- jk=afnol d”V milwugh iksVHkj vUu feG.;kph nnkr vlrs]R;kr cGtcjhus dsysyh djolqyh R;kaP;k tx.;kr

uohu vkiRrh fuekZ.k djhr vlrs- fnoljk= dqVqackrhy ck;dkeqykalkscr jkcjkc jkcqugh njek.k’kh njegk rhu #i;sgh iMr ukghr vkf.k lk/kkj.k ;qjksfivu o usfVOg ljdkjh dkexkjkl njegk ia/kjk #i;s fdjdksG [kpkZl o nk#ik.;klgh iqjr ukghr] gk fojks/kkHkkl QqY;kauk tk.koyk gksrk-;klanHkkZr R;kauh ^’ksrd&;kpk vlwM* ;k xzaFkkr vR;ar lR;n’kZd vFkZiw.kZ fo/kku dsysys vkgs- ^^ txkrhy ,danj loZ ns’kkaps bfrgkl ,desdka’kh rkMwu ikgrk]fganqLFkkukrhy vKkuh o nsoHkksG;k ‘kwnz ‘ksrd&;kaph fLFkrh ek= brj ns’kkarhy ‘ksrd&;kais{kk fud”V voLFksr ik= gksÅu dsoG Ik’kwiyhdMps ety’khl tkÅu iksgpyh vls fnlwu ;sbZy-**5 vls vlrkaukgh ‘ksrd&;kacn~ny tk.khoiwoZd xSjlet fuekZ.k d:u R;kapk migkl dj.;kph izoRrh lektkr ok<hl ykxyh vkgs- R;kfo”k;h lq)k [kjiql lekpkj QqY;kauh ?ksryk vkgs- ‘ksrhpk dqBykgh vuqHko ulrkuk R;kaph fuankukyLrh dj.ks xSj vkgs ]vls jks[kBksd izfriknu R;kauh dsys vkgs-

fu"d”kZ ‘ksrd&;kaP;k foiUukLFksP;k dkj.kkaph eqn~nslwn ekaM.kh QqY;kauh dsyh vkgs-

1- ‘ksrd&;kauk czkg~e.kkauh gsrwiwoZd fo|siklwu nwj Bsoys- 2- /kekZP;k ukok[kkyh tUekiklwu ej.kksRrj yqckM.kkjk fHk{kqd oxZ 3- ‘kklukrhy ‘ksrdjh fojks/kh czkg~e.k dkexkj];qjksih; vf/kdkjh o lkodkj 4- ‘ksrhP;k okV.kheqGs nj ih<hr iMr tk.kkjs ‘ksrhps rqdMs 5- Takxy[kkR;kpk tkpd dkjHkkj




6- Ikjns’kxeukl canh 1- ‘ksrlkjk]yksdy QaM]tdkr b- djkaps yknysys vks>s 2- Ikjdh; ekykP;k vk;krheqGs o LoLr fodzheqGs can iMr pkyysys ns’kh m|ksx/kans 3- Lkqn< cSykaaps deh deh gksr xsysys cs.ks 4- Ikjns’kkP;k dtkZP;k O;ktkps vkf.k bFkY;k vf/kdkjh oxkZP;k Hkkjh ixkjkps vks>s b- vusd dkj.kkaeqGs

Hkkjrh; ‘ksrdjh ns’kks/kMhyk ykxyk vkgs-R;kph mUurh lk/kko;kph vlsy rj [kkyhy mik; ;kstuk

dj.;kph xjt R;kauh cksywu nk[koyh gksrh- 1- czkg~e.k f’k{kd udksr- ‘ksrd&;kP;k ?kjh tUeysyh O;Drhp dq.kch oxSjsalkBh f’k{kd vlk;yk goh- 2- lgkO;k b;Rrsi;Zarps f’k{k.k >kysyh o ‘ksrdke tk.k.kkjh O;Drhp ikVhy djkoh- 3- ‘ksrd&;kyk uos ra=Kku f’kdokos- 4- Xkk; cSy ek:u [kk.;kl dk;|kus canh djkoh- 5- Rkykootk ca/kkjs cka/kwu ik.;kph lks; djkoh- 6- bekjr ykdMkaf’kok; brj ykdMs rksMk;ph ijokuxh vlkoh- 7- mRre ihd mRiknukP;k Li/kkZ ?ksÅu cf{kls ns.;kr ;koh- 8- ‘ksrh lq/kkj.kslkBh ‘ksrd&;kaaP;k fo}ku eqykauk ijns’kh ikBowu ‘ksrhpk uok vH;kl djowu ?;kok- b-

egkRek Qqysauh lqpfoysys gs mik; iqLrdh Kkukrwu uOgs rj vuqHkokrwu vkysys vkgsr- tfeuhoj ik; Bsowu dsysY;k thoukP;k izR;{k voyksdukrwu R;kaps gs fopkj lkdkjys vkgsr- R;kaP;ktoG Lora= fopkj dj.;kph]Lora= vUo;kFkZ yko.;kph dqor vlY;keqGs uos dksjs fu”d”kZ R;kauk dk<rk vkys vkgsr- R;keqGsp R;kaP;k ys[kukrwu lrr ,d ftoar o nkgd vuqHko ‘kCnc) gksrkauk fnlrks-

Lokra«;ksRrj dkGkr xzkeh.k Hkkxkr f’k{k.kkpk eksBk izlkj >kysyk vkgs – ^fo|kghuRo* ;k

dkj.klw=kps dkgh izek.kkr fujkdj.k >kys vkgs- raa=Kkukph tksM feGwu gjhr o ‘osr dzkarhgh gksÅu xssyh vkgs-‘kkldh; ikrGho:u ‘ksrd&;kl inO;k fnY;k tkr vkgsr- enr Eg.kwu ukuk rxk;kphgh [kSjkr dsyh tkr vkgs-ijns’kkrwu tukojkaP;k o fidkaP;k mRre iSnk’khalkBh pkaxyh cs.kh vk.kyh tkr vkgsr- ‘ksrh’kkL=kps mPp f’k{k.k ‘ksrdjh iq=kauk feGr vkgs-fdacgquk] R;kauk uos Kku xksGk dj.;klkBh R;kaps ijns’k nkSjsgh vk[kys tkr vkgsr- tksrhjkokauh lqpfoysys cjsp mik; vkt izR;{kkr vk.kys xsys vkgsr- rjhi.k ns’kkrhy 70 VDds ‘ksrhoj tx.kk&;kaph fLFkrh lq/kkjyh vkgs fdaok R;kauh R;kaP;k ?kjh y{ehyk ukaank;yk vk.kyh vkgs] vls fp= fnlr ukgh- ,dw.kp dkyekukus ‘ksrh vkf.k ‘ksrdjh ;kaP;klkBh fo’ks”k iz;Ru dsY;kf’kok; R;kaph izxrh vtwugh dkslksnwj vkgs vls Eg.kkos ykxsy-

lanHkZ 1- tksrhjko xksfoanjko Qqys ]‘ksrd&;kpk vlwM] miksn~?kkr]¼e-Qqys lexz okM~-e;½]laik- /kuat; dhj]l-xa-

eky’ks] izdk- e-jk-lkfgR; laLdrh eaMG]eqacbZ] lq/kkjhr lgkoh vkoRrh] uksOgs- 2006 i-263 2- u-j-QkVd] U;k-egknso xksfoan jkuMs ;kaps pfj=-] 1924] i- 373&374- 3- x-ck-ljnkj] e-Qqys O;fDrRo vkf.k fopkj i- 87 4- e-Qqys lexz okM~-e;] i- 189 5- e-Qqys lexz okM~-e;] i-264




LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkpk mn; vkf.k fodkl Ikzk-MkW- lqfuy pdos

jkT;‘kkL= foHkkx izeq[k eqaxlkth egkjkt egkfo|ky;] nkjOgk

Lkkjka’k LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkaP;k mn;kph ik’oZHkweh Qkj izkfpu vkgs- Ákphu dkGkiklwup Òkjrh; [ksM s Á’kkldh; tckcnkjh lkaÒkGr g¨rs- R;kosGh ’kgjs gh ukeek= g¨rh- egkÒkjrkrhy ^lÒkioZ*] ^tkrddFkk*] ^d©VhY;kps vFkZ’kkL=* eWxsLFksfulps ^bafMdk* v’kk xzaFkke/;s xzkeiapk;rhpk mYys[k vk<Gr¨- Òkjrkph vFkZO;oLFkk gh xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk g¨rh- Ákphu dkGkrhy xko vkf.k xzkeiapk;rh LFkkfud ’kklukP;k –"Vhus Lokoyach o Lo;aiw.k Z g¨R;k- Eg.kwu Òkjrh; vFkZO;oLFksP;k R;k egRoiw.kZ vax g¨R;k- xzkeh.k lekt thoukps ,d Áeq[k dsaæ Eg.kwu R;kapsdMs ikfgys tkr vls- egkÒkjrkrhy ’kkarhiokZr lq)k [ksMÓkrhy ’kklu O;oLFksps o.kZu vkysys vkgs- xkokrhy ;k ’kklu O;oLFksph tckcnkjh ,dk xzkeÁeq[kkoj g¨rh- R;kyk ^xzkfed* vls EgVys tkr g¨rs- ;ko:u gs Li”V gksrs dh] LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkapk mn; vkf.k fodkl gk fczVh’k dkGkiklwupk ulwu frpk mn; gk Hkkjrh; oSfnd dkGkiklwup vlY;kps fnlwu ;srs- cht’kCn LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkk] oSfnd dkG] fon~Fk] _Xosn] iqx;wx] rQ±Z ] dlck] is<] x¨rlÒk izLrkouk LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkaP;k mn;kph ik’oZHkweh Qkj izkfpu vlyh rjh Lokra«;kuarj [kÚ;k vFkkZus LojkT; laLFkkaPkh vaeyctko.kh xrheku >kY;kps fnlwu ;srs- Hkkjrkrhy LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkaPkk mn; vkf.k fodklkP;k okVpkyhps v/;;u dj.ks gkp ‘kks/kfuca/kkpk mÌs’k vkgs- ;k LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkph mRiRrh oSfnd dkGkiklwu vfLrRokr vlY;kps fnlwu ;srs - oSfnd dkGkrhy ,sfrgkfld Lo:i

okLrfod iapk;rjkt O;oLFksps vkt vlysys gs vk/kqfud Lo:i vkgs- ijarq ;k iapk;rjkt O;oLFksyk Qkj Ákphu vk/kkj vkgs Ákphu dkGkiklwup Òkjrh; [ksMs Á’kkldh; tckcnkjh lkaÒkGr g¨rs- R;kosGh ’kgjs gh ukeek= g¨rh- [ksMÓkrhy thou vf/kd lq[kh o laié g¨rs- Ákphu [ksMÓkauk egRRo ÁkIr g¨.;kps dkj.kp eqGkr ÁkphudkGh xzkeh.k thou gs laÄVhr g¨rs- R;kyk dkj.k R;k dkGkrhy xzkeh.k Á’kkldh; O;oLFkk g¨rh- xkokrhy eaMGhp dk;Z{kei.ks] Ákekf.kdi.ks o U;k;h ÁoŸkhus xzkeh.k Á’kklukps lapkyu djhr g¨R;k- ák Ákphu xzkeh.k iapk;rh d’kk vfLrRokr vkY;k ;kpk mYys[k MkW- okeu xobZ ;kaP;k ^^Òkjrkrhy jktdkj.kkph laoS/kkfud ehekalk** ;k lanÒZ xzaFkke/;s vkysyk vkgs- tkr iapk;r ,d lkekftd laLFkk vlyh rjh ^tkr* gk ’kCn lgkO;k&lkrO;k ’krdkr lgk y{k.kkauh ;qDr >kY;kuarj vktP;k vFkkZus r¨ okijY;k xsyk- tkrh Çdok o.kZ ;kaP;k vfLrRokr ;s.;kiwoÊgh x.k] lekt jkT;klkj[;k jkT;iwoZ voLFksr fon~Fk] lÒk] lferh] b- lkekftd] jktdh; vkf.k vkÆFkd dk;Z dj.kkÚ;k laLFkk g¨R;k- R;kaps fodflr Lo:i Eg.kts iapk;rjkt Eg.krk ;sÃy- iapk;rjkt laLFkk Ákphu Òkjrh; laLFkkaps fodflr :i vlys] rjh R;kyk oS/kkfud ekU;rk jkT;laLFkkauh vkf.k fczVh’k dk;|kus fnyh g¨rh gs x`fgr riklwu




ikg.;klkBh M‚- okeu xoÃ ;kauh miyC/k Ákphu vk;Z Òkf"kd vkf.k ikyh okM~-e;kpk vk/kkj Äsryk vkgs- rks iq<hy izek.ks] fon~Fk

^_Xosnkr* ^fon~Fk* ’kCn ckohlosGk vkysyk vkgs- vFkZosnkr fon~Fk gk ’kCn ,d’ks ckohl osGk vkyk vkgs- ôtklusf;lafgrs* e/;s fon~Fkpk mYys[k ngk osGk] czkEg.k xzaFkke/;s ,dohl osGk ^rSfrjh;* vk[;dke/;s ,dosG mYys[k vkysyk vkgs- ;ko#u fon~Fk vk;k ±ph vR;ar ÁkphulaLFkk vlwu _Xosn dkGke/;s rh vf/kd ÁÒkoh o fØ;k’khy g¨rh]1 vksYMsucxZ us ^fon~Fk* ’kCnkph O;qRiÙkh ^fo/kk* ák /kkrwiklwu ekuyh vkgs- R;kP;k ers fon~Fk ’kCnkps forj.k] O;oLFkk o ’kklu gs ewG vFkZ vlwu ;K gk R;kpk lkf/kr vFkZ vkgs- 2 lÒk

_Xosnkr ^lÒk* ’kCn lÒsr ,d= ;s.kkjs ^y¨d* vFkok ^lÒkLFkku* ;k vFkkZus vkBosGk vkysyk vkgs- R;ko:u ,d= vkysys yksd o R;kaps ,d= ;s.;kps fBdk.k] lHkkx`g ;k nksUgh vFkkZpk cks/k gksrks- lÒsr fcæ l¨cr ^lÒsr* vlk vFkZ _Xosnkr ;sr¨- ;ko:u Á’kkluklaca/kh cÿkfoysY;k lÒsr] fuoMd czkEg.k vkf.k xq:tu Òkx Äsr vlr- ijarq _Xosnkr lÒsr tk.;k;¨X; ^lÒkorh* vlkgh mYys[k vkgs] Eg.kwu fó;kgh lÒsr lgÒkxh g¨r vlr vls fnlrs- lHks’kh vlysyk fó;kapk laca/k QDr vrh izkphu dkGkrhy vknhe yksdlHkkrp fnlrs ;ko#u frps lferhgwu vf/kd izkfpuRo fl/n gksrs-3- iq<s mŸkj oSfnddkGkr lÒsps Lo:i firlŸkkd göwu lq#okrhP;k dkGkr fó;kaP;k lÒsrhy vl.kkjk lgÒkx Áfrcaf/kr dj.;kr vkyk 4 lferh

lferh mŸkjoSfnd dkGkr Çdok R;kuarj vfLrRokr vkyh vlkoh- dkj.k lferhpk mYys[k _Xosnkr ifgY;k vkf.k ngkO;k eaMGkr vk<Gr¨- ÁkP;fo|k iafMrkP;k ers] _Xosnkps ifgys vkf.k ngkos eaMG mŸkj oSfnd Çdok R;kuarj fyfgys xsys vlkos- _XosnkP;k ifgY;k o ’ksoVP;k Òkxkr lÒk l¨cr jarw ^lÒk* uarj lferhpk mYys[k ;sr¨- rlsp vFkoZ osnkr lÒkuarj lferhpk mYys[k ;sr¨- Eg.kwu ^lÒk* uarj mŸkjoSfnd dkGkr^ lferh tulÒk* vfLrRokr vlkoh- _XosnkP;k v[ksjP;k dkGkrp uOgs] rj R;kuarjp lferhyk egRRo izkIr gksow ykxys] vlk ;kpk vFk Z gksow ’kdrks- lHksP;k ckcr ek= ifjfLFkrh osssssxGh vkgs- lHkk fo"k;d pkj mYys[k izkjafHkd Hkkxkr o pkj uarjP;k Hkkxkr vkgs- áko:u lHksis{kk lferh dkyijRos tquh ulkoh- gksesfjd dkGkrhy vkxksjk ;klaLFsk’kh lferh le:Ik vl.;kph ’kD;rk vkgs- tudqykps O;ogkj] iz’u fuiV.;klkBh frph cSBd gksbZ o frP;k v/;{kinh jktk vls- ;k jktkP;k mifLFkrh cÌy Li"V mYys[k vkgs- îkapkykaph lferh* ;k okd~izpkjko#u rh tudqykph laLFkk gksrh] gs lwfpr gksrs- vFkoZosnkrhy mYys[kkuqlkj lferhr fó;kgh mifLFkr vlr] ijarq lHksP;kckcrhr gs ftrds Li"V >kysys vkgs frrds rs lferhP;k ckcrhr Li"V fnlr ukgh- 5 vFkZosnkr nksUgh laLFkkapk ,d= mYys[k vkgs- vkf.k izR;sdosGh lHkspk izFke o uarj lferhpk mYys[k vk<Grks- lÒk vkf.k lferh Ákphu tutekrhrhy jktdh;] lkekftd] lkaLdfrd laLFkkpk mYys[k ÁkP; okM~-e; ,desdkl¨cr lkiMr¨- laÄVu o dk;Z leku vFkÊ fnlr vlys rjh nÜgh laLFkk fÒé vkgsr] R;kaP;k dk;kZrgh dkgh lkE; vlys rjh lÒk lferhis{kk vk;Z lektkph vf/kd ÁÒkoh vl.kkjh ^tu* ¼y¨d½ laLFkk g¨rh vls fnlrs-

iqxke/;s fofo/k tkrhlewg vkf.k fofo/k O;kolkf;d lewg ,dk fBdk.kh jkgr vlr Eg.kts tkrokj oLR;k gs tkrhps y{k.k fnlr ukgh- Js.kh] fofo/k tkrhps lewg ,dp O;olk; dj.kkjs lewg g¨rs] Eg.kts tkrhpk O;olk; fuf’pr BjfoY;k xsyk uOgrk] eq[;r% iwx O;kikÚ;kaps lewg g¨rs vkf.k Js.kh dkjkfxjkaP;k g¨R;k ,dw.kp x.k] ik"kk.M] iwx] Js.kh ;k tkrÈP;k i.k tkR;krhr laLFkk g¨R;k] R;kr x.k lektkps vo’ks"k g¨rs ijarq lgkO;k




’krdkr Js.khpk vLr >kyk R;kuarj vusd dkjkxhj tkrh lgky{k.kkauh –< >kY;k] oS’;lkj[kh tkr o dkgh tkrh fodflr >kY;kr Js.kh vLrkuarj tkrhO;oLFkk vÁokgh cuyh-6

tkrhO;oLFkk fodklkP;k dkGkr tkriapk;r gh laLFkk vfLrRokr g¨rh- rh tkrh leqgkP;k Áokgh dkGkr vR;ar egÙokph Òwfedk ikj ikfMr vlkoh- loZ leqgkph U;k;ky;s Lok;Ÿk g¨rh- R;kaP;k varxZr vuq’kklukyk o /kekZyk jktkus ekU;rk |koh] vlk Lerhdkjkauh mins’k d¢yk vkgs- d¢oG ekuoh gR;spk xqUgk R;kaP;k d{ksr uOgrk- tkriapk;r U;k;ky;klkj[kh Òwfedk ikj ikMrkauk fnlrs- e/;;qxhu dky[kaMkr jktdh; orZu] vkÆFkd] lkekftd gôklaca/kh U;k;fuokMk dj.kkÚ;k x¨r vkf.k iapk;rlkj[;k laLFkk ejkBÓkaP;k jktoVhr fnlrkr- x¨r

O;DrhP;k Çdok xkokP;k gÌhcÌy raVkektwu fnok.k mQZ iapk;r Òjfo.;kr ;sÃ o frP;kr Òkx Äs.;kl R;k&R;k xkokP;k loZ ygku Fk¨j tkrhph oMhy ek.kls tefo.;kr ;sr vlr- R;k lÒsr ^x¨r* v’kh laKk vls- rQ±Z] dlck] o is< x¨rlÒk ns’kd] ¼ns’keq[k½] ’ksVs] egktu] ukÃd] e¨dne ¼ikVhy½] dqyd.kÊ o p©xqys gs x¨rkps lÒkln vlr- fnok.k o rQkZps x¨r ,d= ;sÅu LFkkfud Á’kklukrhy Á’uakpk fudky êtyhl* ekQZr ykor vlr- _Xosnkr lÒsr tk.;k;¨X; ^lÒkorh* vlk mYys[k vkgs ;ko#u _Xosn dkGkrlq)k fó;kapk lgÒkx gk Á’kkluke/;s fnlr g¨rk ,danjhr _Xosn dkGkiklqup gh O;oLFkk vfLrÙokr g¨rh] rh ÁÒkoh vkf.k dk;Z{ke g¨rh fu.kZ; Äs.;kpk vf/kdkj] U;k;fuokMk dj.;kpk vf/kdkj R;kaukp g¨rk o fó;kaukgh ;k lÒsr vknjkps LFkku vlY;keqGs vktP;k ,o<sp oSKkfud Lo:ikps Á’kklu R;k dkGkr] vfLrÙokr g¨rs vls Eg.krk ;sÃy

Òkjrkr Ákphu dkGkiklwup ygku ygku [ksMh vfLrÙokr vkgsr- [ksMÓkrhy Á’ukoj xkokrhy y¨d ,d= ;sÅu R;k Á’ukoj ppkZ djhr vlr- ;kykp oSfnd vkf.k _Xosn dkGkr ^xkolÒk* EgVY;k xsys- R;k xkolÒsph lÒkln la[;k e¨Bh g¨rh- R;keqGs ^xkolÒk* eanhjkP;k lÒkeaMikr Çdok >kMk[kkyh Òjr vls- xkolÒsph la[;k e¨Bh vlY;kus dkgh vMp.kh r;kj g¨r g¨R;k- Eg.kwu R;krwup l¨Ãus lfeR;k fu;qDr d¢Y;k tkr g¨R;k- o R;krwup iq<s y¨dkaph iapk;r vfLrÙokr vkyh ;ke/;s xkokrhy Kkulaié o pkfj«;laié o o;ö) ukxfjdkapk lekos’k d¢Y;k tkr g¨rk- ;k iapkpk fu.kZ; loZ ukxfjdkaoj ca/kudkjd jkgr vls- ;k iapk;rhykp xzkeiapk;r Eg.kwu vksG[kY;k tkr g¨rs- xzkeiapk;rhph LFkkiuk Ákphu dkGkr d¨.kR;kgh dk;|kuqlkj >kysyh uOgrh rj xkokP;k xjtsrwu rh fuekZ.k >kyh g¨rh- fu”d”kZ egkÒkjrkrhy ^lÒkioZ*] ^tkrddFkk*] ^d©VhY;kps vFkZ’kkL=* eWxsLFksfulps ^bafMdk* v’kk xzaFkke/;s xzkeiapk;rhpk mYys[k vk<Gr¨- Òkjrkph vFkZO;oLFkk gh xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk g¨rh- Ákphu dkGkrhy xko vkf.k xzkeiapk;rh LFkkfud ’kklukP;k –"Vhus Lokoyach o Lo;aiw.kZ g¨R;k- Eg.kwu Òkjrh; vFkZO;oLFksP;k R;k egRRoiw.kZ vax g¨R;k- R;k dkGkrhy e/;orÊ lŸkk xzkeiapk;rhP;k ek/;ekrwu vkiyk jkT;dkjÒkj djhr g¨R;k- ijarq gh e/;orh Z lÙkk xzkeiapk;rhP;k dk;kZe/;s gLr{ksi djhr uOgR;k vk;Z dky[kaMkrgh xzkeiapk;rh LFkkfud Á’kklukpk vafre o lo¨ZPp ÄVd Eg.kwu dk;Z djhr g¨R;k- xzkfe.k lekt thoukps ,d Áeq[k dsaæ Eg.kwu R;kapsdMs ikfgys tkr vls- egkÒkjrkrhy ’kkarhiokZr lq)k [ksMÓkkrhy ’kklu O;oLFksps o.kZu vkysys vkgs- xkokrhy ;k ’kklu O;oLFksph tckcnkjh ,dk xzkeÁeq[kkoj g¨rh- R;kyk ^xzkfed* vls EgVys tkr g¨rs- Òkjrkr cgqrka’k [ksMÓkr ^xzkfedkps* in g¨rs- ijarq osxosxGîk jkT;kr rs osxosxGîk ukokus vksG[kY;k tkr g¨srs- mŸkj Áns’kkr R;kykp ^xkoaMk* vls EgVys tkr g¨rs- rj egkjk"Vªkr R;kyk îÍyhdk* Çdok ^xzkeeqdwVk* Eg.kwu vksG[kY;k tkr g¨rs- ;ko:u gs Li”V gksrs dh]




LFkkfud LojkT; laLFkkapk mn; vkf.k fodkl gh fczVh’k dkGkrhy ns.kxhulwu frpk mn; gk Hkkjrh; oSfnd dkGkiklwup vlY;kps fnlwu ;srs- lanHkZ 1 xoÃ]M‚- okeu] ^Òkjrh; jktdkj.kkph laoS/kkfud feekalk*] fo’o iCyh vWUM fMLVªhZ] ukxiwj Á-fr-2008 i-Ø-1 2 jkuMs] ia<jhukFk] laiknd] îzkfpu Hkkjrkrhy jktfd; fopkj vkf.k laLFkk*] Mk;eaM iCyh]iz 2006 i- Ø-79]80 3 r=So] i-Ø- 98 4 xoÃ] M‚-okeu] ^Òkjrh; jktdkj.kkph laoS/kkfud feekalk* fo’o iCyh vWUM fMLVªh ukxiwj] Á fr-2008 i-Ø- 2 5 jkuMs] ia<jhukFk] laiknd] îzkfpu Hkkjrkrhy jktfd; fopkj vkf.k laLFkk*] Mk;eaM iCyh]iz-rh- 2006i-Ø- 104 6 xoÃ] M‚- okeu] ^Òkjrh; jktdkj.kkph laoS/kkfud feekalk*]fo’o iCyhZ vWUM fMLVªh ukxiwj] Áfr- 2008 iØ- 3 lanHkZ xzaFk 1gfj’panz] ’kekZ] ^Hkkjr es LFkkfu; iz’kklu*] dkWyst cqd Msiks] t;iqj 1985 2 dVkfj;k] MkW- lqjs’k Îakpk;rh jkt laLFkkW,*] uW’kuy iCyhf’kax gkml] fnYyh] 2011 3 xobZ] MkW- okeu Hkkjrh; jktdkj.kkph lafo/kkuhd feekalk] fo’o iCyh- ukxiqj] 2008 4 jkuMs] ia<jhukFk izkfpu Hkkjrkrhy jktfd; fopkj vkf.k laLFkk] Mk;eaM iCyh-iq.ks] 2006




‘kkfgjh okM-e;krhy Hkkofo’o Ikzk- Mk W- larks”k fo”.kw prqj

Lkgk;d izk/;kid Ekqaxlkth egkjkt egkfo|ky;] nkjOgk

Lkkjka’k

‘kkfgjh dkO;kpk vk’k; ikjaifjd lar fdaok iafMr dohaP;k dkO;kP;k vk’k;kis{kk fujkGk vkgs- rlsp R;k dkO;kpk vkfo”dkjgh Lora= vkgs- fo’ks”kr% jlkfo”dkj] vyadkj&l`”Vh o ‘kSyh ;k rhugh ckcrhr ‘kkfgjh dkO;kus vxnh fujkGs vls oSf’k”Vî izdV dsys vkgs- jlkfo”dkj] dYiukfoykl bR;knh ckcrhr iafMr dohaP;k dkO;koj laL—r egkdkO;kaPkk ifj.kke >kysyk Li”V fnlrks- i.k ‘kkfgjh dkO;kps LQqj.k vxnh Lora= vkgs- R;kauh vkiY;k MksGîkaleksj mHkk dsysyk ohj jl fdaok ‘kaxkj jl vxnh iw.kZi.ks R;kaP;k thoukrwu fuekZ.k >kyk vkgs- ;k jlkfo”dkjkyk vuqHkwrhph tksM vkgs- Eg.kwu ftoari.kk R;kr vf/kd tk.korks- ‘kkfgjkaph vyadkjl`”Vh Lora= vkgs- R;kaP;k thoukrwu rh fuekZ.k >kyh vkgs- ejkBs’kkghP;k oSHkodkGkps xfgjs jax frP;koj p<ys vkgsr- ;k lok ZaP;k tksMhyk R;kaph v’kh Lora= Hkk”kk’kSyh] MQ vkf.k rq.krq.ks ;kaP;k lkFkhoj EgVyh tk.kkjh ‘kkfgjkaph dMdMhr tM.k ?kM.k ikfgyh] fo’ks”kr% ,sdyh Eg.kts ‘kkfgjh dkO;krhy lkSan;Z R;krhy vk’k;k brds R;k vk’k;kP;k vkfo”dkjkr dls vkgs ;kph vki.kkyk dYiuk ;srs- ohj jl] ‘kaxkj jl ;kaP;k lkgk¸;kus yko.kh o iksokMk ;ke/;s ekuoh Hkkoukauk ‘kkfgjkauh okV eksdGh d:u fnyh vkgs- Ckht’kCn Ykko.kh] iksokMk] ohj jl] ‘kaxkj jl] Hkkofo’o] foizyaHk ‘kaxkj izLrkouk ‘kkfgjh okM-e;kyk ^êjkBh dkO;kph izHkkr** vls vP;wr cGoar dksYgVdjkauh lack sf/kys vkgs- ,dw.kp ‘kkfgjh dkO; gs ejkBh lkfgR;kP;k bfrgklkr vxnh Lora= oG.kkps dkO; vkgs- R;kph izsj.kk vxnh Lora= vkgs o vkfo”dkjgh ukohU;i.kw.kZ vkgs- ‘kkfgjh dkO; Eg.kts ejkBs’kkghps Lora= LQqj.k vkgs- ^^f’kodkykr dkgh iksokMk okM-e; fo’ks”k [;krh ikow ykxysys fnlrs- ejkBh LojkT;kps lkezkT; gksrkp ‘kkfgjkaP;k dkO;kyk cgj vkyk- uO;k Hkkouk] uO;k tkf.kok ;k dkO;kr fnlw ykxY;k-**1 f’kokth egkjktkaP;k f’ko’kkgh’kh ‘kkfgjh dkO; ,dtho >kys vkgs- R;k dkGkrhy ejkBîkaP;k ijkØekps o ‘kaxkjkps] lkekftd pkyhjhrhps o jktdh; ?kMkeksMhps ftoar fp=.k ‘kkfgjh dkO;kr vki.kkyk vk<Grs- ejkBh eu R;kr izfrfcafcar >kysy vk<Grs vkf.k gkp rj R;kosGP;k o R;kiwoh ZP;k ikjaifjd ejkBh dkO;kis{kk ákr fnlwu ;s.kkjk fo’ks”k vkgs- ;keqGsp ‘kkfgjh dfork gh ^^[kjh[kqjh dfork vkgs-*^ vls Jh- e- onsZ ;kauh EgVys vlkos- ‘kkfgjh dforsrhy vkfo”dkj dkghlk jkaxMk] vlaLdkfjr vkf.k Eg.kwup mRdV o gn;kyk rkRdkG fHkM.kkjk vkgs- ;krhy vk’k;kr ,d izR;{krk vkgs vkf.k vfHkO;Drhr ,d /khV FksVi.kk vkgs- izHkkdj ekaMs Eg.krkr] ^^’kkfgjh dfork ex rh yko.kh vlks ok iksokMk] ,dk izfrHkklaiUu eukph fufeZrh vlwu R;kps jpukdkS’kY; R;kr izdV >kysys vlrs**2 gh jpuk [kkl ejkBh <axkph o oG.kkph vkgs- iksokMk o yko.kh gh dsoG okpkp;kph dfork uOgs rj MQ&rq.krq.;kP;k lkFkhoj ,sdko;kph dfork vkgs- yko.khyk rj uR;kph] vfHku;kph tksM feGrs o ?kqxjkaP;k uknkpk rky o lwj feGrks- ex rh dsoG JkO; jkgr ukgh] rj n’;gh gksrs- v’kkizdkj s ndJkO;kph vuqHkwrh ns.kkjs ‘kkfgjh okM-e; ekuoh Hkkofo’o lkdkj.;kr fdrir ;’kLoh Bjrs ;kpk ‘kks/k ?ks.ks izLrqr ‘kks/kfuca/kkpk mÌs’k vkgs-




‘kkfgjh okM-;krhy Hkkofo’o ejkBh okM-e;kP;k bfrgklkr ‘kkfgjh okM-e;kps LFkku vfr’k; egÙokps vkgs- iksokMk o yko.kh gh ‘kkfgjh okM-e;kph nksu vaxs vkgsr- ‘kkfgjh okM-e;kph usedh O;k[;k dj.ks tjh dBh.k vlys rjh yko.kh o iksokM s ;k vuqØes ‘kaxkj o ohj jlkRed doukaph jpuk dj.kkÚ;k dohauk ‘kkghj Eg.k.;kpk iz?kkr gksrk- ^yko.kh* ‘kCnkpk vFkZ O;Dr dj.;kpk vusdkauh iz;Ru dsysyk fnlrks- R;ke/;s ^^’ksrkr yko.kh dj.;kP;k osGh Eg.kko;kps xhr rs yko.kh xhr-** dkgh vH;kldkaP;k ers] ^^T;k do.kkr yko.;laiUu L=hph O;fDrjs[kk vlrs rh yko.kh-** izk- e- ok- /kksaM ;kaP;kers] ^^loZlkekU; tukaP;k euksjatuklkBh R;kauk #prhy v’kk ykSfdd] ikSjkf.kd] ok vk/;kfRed fo”k;koj jpysyh] dMs ok <ksydh ;kaP;k rkykoj fof’k”V <axkus EgVysyh [kVdsckt] lQkbZnkj] i|korZuh ok HkaxkorZuh tkfrjpuk Eg.kts yko.kh gkss;-** rj ^îksokMk Eg.kts iq#”kkFkZlaiUUk v’kk O;DrhP;k ijkØekps ohj jlkr dsysys xkSjoiw.kZ dkO; gks;-** v’kk izdkjph osxosxGh ers yko.kh o iksokMîklanHkkZr uk sanfoysyh vk<Grs- ohj o ‘kaxkj gs nksu jl ‘kkfgjh okM-e;kps LFkk;h jl vkgsr vls letys tkrs- ohj jlkpk vkfo”dkj iksokMîkrwu >kyk vkgs- rj ‘kaxkj jl ‘kkfgjkauh yko.kh okM-e;krwu [ksGfoyk vkgs- i.k ;k nksu jlkaP;k tksMhyk ‘kkfgjkauh vusd jlkaps lkgk¸; ?ksrys vkgs- ohjkP;k tksMhyk vusdnk vn~Hkwr jl vkyk vkgs] rj dkgh osGk d#.k jlgh vkyk vkgs- ‘kaxkj jlkr rj [kjks[kj R;kauh brD;k lw{e NVk vk.kY;k vkgsr] dh R;krhy fofo/krk ikgwu eu FkDd gksrs- f’kok; ‘kaxkjkP;k tksMhyk d#.k] d/kh oRly] d/kh gkL; v’kk jlkaps lkgk¸;gh vusd osGk ‘kkghj ?ksrkuk vk<Grkr- R;keqGsp ohj o ‘kaxkj ;k nksUgh jlkaPkk ‘kkfgjh okM-e;krhy vkfo”dkj eksBk foyksHkuh; >kyk vkgs- ijkØekph ohj jliw.kZ xkFkk gk iksokMîkpk eq[; fo”k; vlyk] rjh Fkksj O;Drhaps e`R;w] nsorkaP;k vn~Hkwryhyk] rhFkZ{ks=kaps ekgkRE; rlsp nq”dkGklkj[;k vkiÙkh ;kojgh iksokMs fyfgys xsys vkgsr- jkts] ljnkj] /kfud R;kaps oSHko vkf.k drZRo gk lq)k dkgh iksokMîkapk fo”k; vkgs- iksokMk gk izk/kkU;kus dFkkRed okM-e;kpk izdkj vkgs- R;keqGs R;kr dFkkfuosnu] izlaxo.kZu o laokn ;kau egÙo vlrs- yko.khr izk/kkU;kus ‘kaxkj Hkkouk ;sr vlyh rjh ikSjkf.kd] HkfDrij] mins’kij o dsoG vk/;kfRed v’kh yko.khgh iq<s fyfgyh xsyh- mÙkj is’kokbZP;k dkGkr jketks’kh] vuarQanh] lxuHkkÅ] izHkkdj] ij’kjke vkf.k gksukthckG vls izeq[k yko.khdkj >kysys vkgsr- ohj jl gk eq[;r% iksokMîkrwu vkfo”—r gksrks- vFkkZr loZp iksokMîkrwu R;kps mRdV Lo:Ik fnlrs vls ukgh- ;k lanHkkZr izHkkdj ekaMs Eg.krkr] ^êgkjk”Vªkr ts iksokMs miyC/k vkgsr R;kr ;q) o.kZus vlwu ijkØeh ohjkaps ej.k fpf=r dsysys vlrs- egkjk”Vªkrhy iksokMs brj jkT;krhy iksokMîkais{kk osxGs vkgsr- brj jkT;krhy iksokMîkaps fo”k; fo’kq) izsedFkk] jkt?kjk.;krhy izlax o ikSjkf.kd dFkk vls vkgsr-**3 is’kokbZ cqMkY;kuarj vkaXy’kkghr ts iksokMs ‘kkfgjkauh fyfgys rs fu%lRo gksrs- i.k is’kos dky[kaMke/;s [kMîkZP;k y<kbZoj ts iksokMs jpys xsys fdaok ikfuirP;k ;q)koj ts iksokMs jpys xsys R;ke/;s ohj jlkpk [kjk izR;; vki.kkyk ;srks- iksokMîkaP;k fufeZrhph ik’oZHkweh y{kkr ?ksryh rj R;kr brdk ftoari.kk dk okVrks gs lgr y{kkr ;s.;klkj[ks vkgs- vkiY;k MksGîkaleksj ?kMysY;k ijkØekps o.kZu MQ&rq.krq.;kP;k lkgk¸;kus ‘kkghj eksBîk vkos’kkus djhr vlrkuk ,sd.kkÚ;k JksR;kauk [kjks[kjp foy{k.k LQqj.k ;sr vlys ikfgts- Ekksfgekaph o ijkØekaph o.kZus gk ‘kkfgjh iksokMîkPkk ,d Hkkx vlyk rjh brjgh vusd ?kVuk ik sokMîkps fo”k; >kys vkgsr o R;k R;k fo”k;kizek.ks jlkfo”dkjkrgh cny >kyk vkgs- ‘kkghj ygjh eqdqank ;kapk ûkjk;.kjkokP;k o/kkpk iksokMk* fdaok izHkkdj ;kapk ^lokbZ ek/kojkokP;k e`R;wpk iksokMk* v’kklkj[;k iksokMîkrwu d#.k jlkph >kd fnlrs- ^lokbZ ek/kojkokaP;k e`R;wpk iksokMk* gk iksokMk rj jlkfo”dkjkP;k n”Vhus mR—“Vp vkgs-




lokbZ ek/kojkokP;k e`R;wus jkt/kkuhoj d’kh vodGk iljyh] ckbZlkgsckauh fdrh vkdkar dsyk] Ik’kqi{;kae/;slq)k fdrh gkgk%dkj mMkyk oxSjsps o.kZu izHkkdjkauh vR;ar mRdVrsus dsys vkgs- lokbZ ek/kojkokP;k fo”k..k eu%fLFkrhps o.kZulq)k ifj.kkedkjd vkgs- ukjk;.kjkokpk o/k ;k ygjh eqdaqnkP;k iksokMîkr vkuanhckbZP;k dkjLFkkukpk ri’khy Qkj pkaxY;k jhrhus o.kZu dsyk vkgs- ;k’khok; nqlÚ;k ckthjkokoj ts iksokMs jpys xsys R;ke/;sgh d#.kjlkpk vkfo”dkj vk<Grks- nqljk ckthjko fdrhgh okbZV vlyk rjh R;k dkGP;k loZ ‘kkfgjkapk rks vkJ;nkrk gksrk- R;keqGs is’kokbZP;k v[ksjP;k dkGkr R;kph >kysyh nSuk ikgwu o is’kokbZ u”V >kY;kuarj R;kaph >kysyh voLFkk ikgwu ‘kkfgjkaP;k var%dj.kkyk T;k O;Fkk >kY;k R;kps fp= nqlÚ;k ckthjkokojhy vusd iksokMîkrwu fnlrs- R;ke/;sgh izHkkdjkpk iksokMk fo’ks”k mYys[kuh; vkgs- [kMdhph y<kbZ gksÅu ckthjkokP;k dikGh tks ouokl ykxyk] jkukoukrwu R;kauk HkVd.;kph th ikGh vkyh vkf.k ‘ksoVh is’kokbZyk eqd.;kph th vkiÙkh vkyh] R;k loZ izlaxkps o.kZu djrkuk izHkkdj] gksukth o lxuHkkÅ ;k ‘kkfgjkaph var%dj.ks gkywu xsyh- R;keqGsp ^^fnu vlrka va/kkj vkdk’krGha iMyk ckbZ AA** vls mn~xkj R;kaP;k rksaMwu ckgsj iMys- iq.ks ‘kgj rj ckthjkokokpwu ‘kwU; fnlw ykxys- ^nf{k.kps eqxGlw=pa t.kw dqBs nMysa* vls R;kauk okVys-

^^ foijhr vkyk dkG es#yk fxGysa eqaX;kauh] iafMrkl ftafdysa lHkke/;sa enka/k HkaX;k auh] Hkhekl vkf.kysa gkjhl j.kkax.kha v’kDr yaqX;kauh AA**

v’kh fLFkrh >kY;kus ^dks.kkl tkos ‘kj.k\* vlk iz’u R;kaP;kiq<s iMyk- ckthjkokfo”k;haps gs iksokMs okprkuk var%dj.kkrhy loZ osnuk ‘kCn:ikus lkdkj gksr vkgs vls okVrs- O;Drhaoj fyfgY;k xsysY;k iksokMîkr îfgY;k ckthjkopk iksokMk*] ^N=irh ‘kkgw egkjktkapk iksokMk*] ûkuklkgsckaP;k e`R;wpk iksokMk*] êgknth f’ka|kapk iksokMk*] ûkuk QM.kfolkapk iksokMk* v’kklkj[;k iksokMîkapk mYys[k djkok ykxsy- ohj jlkP;k tksMhyk ;k dkGkr ‘kaxkj jl ;sÅ ykxyk vkf.k gGwgGw ohj jlkyk ekxs Vkdwu ‘kaxkjkusp egÙokps LFkku feGfoys- R;k dkGkrhy lq[kklhu o foyklh oÙkhrwu yko.khph ydsj ckgsj iMw ykxyh vkf.k R;krhy ‘kaxkjkus loZ dkO; O;kiwu Vkdys- vusd fBdk.kh R;kpk vfrjsd >kyk o lnfHk#phP;k e;kZnkgh vksykaMY;k xsY;k- R;keqGsp yko.kh okM-e;klaca/kh f’k”V tukr ,d izdkjpk xSjlet fuekZ.k >kyk- yko.kh okM-e;krhy ‘kaxkj jlkps Lo:Ik iafMr dohaP;k dkO;kr ;s.kkÚ;k ‘kaxkj jlkis{kk fHkUu vkgs- ‘kkfgjh dkO;kus ykSfdd thoukrhy lkekU; O;Drhapk ‘kaxkj o.kZu d:u dkO;fo”k; vkiY;k vxnh toG vk.kyk vkf.k ‘kaxkj jlkP;k o.kZukr iwohZps loZ ladsr >qxk:u nsÅu Lora= o fujkGh v’kh vkfo”dkjkph i)rh voyacfoyh- izHkkdj ekaMs Eg.krkr] ^^’kkfgjh okM-e;kyk yksdthoukr LFkku vlY;keqGs ojdj.kh rs eq[; okVrs- ‘kkfgjh izsexhrkae/;s fdaok ‘kaxkfjd yko.;kae/;s vkf.k iksokMîkae/;s thouksRlkgkpk vkfo”dkj vkgs-**4 L=hiq#”kkaP;k izseG Hkkoukaos vusd lw{e ckjdkos R;kauh dkO;kr jaxoko;kl lq#okr dsyh- izse Hkkoukaph vfHkO;Drh ljG o mRdV ‘kCnkr gksÅ ykxyh- gs [kkyhy yko.;kao:u y{kkr ;srs- ^^ygku fpjh dqadkph dikGh yky t’kh fidyh fejph** ^^vaxh rk#.;kpk cgj] Tokuhpk dgj] ekfjrs ygj enu ryokj** ^^yViV yViV rq>a pky.ka x eksBîk u[kÚ;kpa] ykt.ka x eatqG eSuspa**

fojgkP;k o.kZukr HkkousP;k mRdVrsoj vf/kd Hkj ns.;kr ;sÅ ykxyk- ;k lanHkkZr izk- e- ok ?kksaM Eg.krkr] ^^mRdV iz.k;kpk LokHkkfod vkfo”dkj yko.;kr vk<Gwu ;srks- L=h&iq#”k laca/kkrhy fofo/k NVk ejkBh yko.khus t’kk jaxfoY;k vkgsr r’kk nqlÚ;k dks.kR;kgh Hkk”ksrhy dkO;kr jaxfoysY;k vlrhy vls okVr ukgh-**5 ehyukph v/khjrk] irh nwj ns’kh xsyk Eg.kwu okV.kkjh gqjgwj] iszeG #lok] irh ;s.kkj vls dGrkp >kysyh rkjkacG




o vkuan] irh eksfgesoj tk.kkj Eg.kwu Hkkoh fojg dYiusus >kysy nq%[k oxSjs iszeHkkousP;k fdrhrjh lw{e NVk ‘kkfgjkauh dkO;kr mRdVrsus jaxfoY;k vkgsr- R;keqGsp ‘kaxkkj jlkP;k vkfo”dkjkr fofo/krk o ftoari.kk vkY;kpk izR;; vki.kkyk ;srks- fojgkP;k ‘kaxkjkr ek= ‘kkfgjh izfrHkspk eksBk jE; foykl vki.kkyk fnlrks- fojgkoLFksus iksGysY;k ;k ukf;dkaP;k fp=.kkrlq)k fofo/krk vkgs- irh gkSl u iqjork izoklkyk xsyk Eg.kwu rØkj dj.kkÚ;k uofookfgr r#.khiklwu rs ifrfo;ksxkus vUuik.;kpk R;kx d:u >q:u >q:u ‘kjhjkps ikatj dj.kkÚ;k ukf;dkai;Zar fojgkP;k vusd NVk R;kauh vR;ar lw{ei.ks jaxfoY;k vkgsr- fojgkps gs nq%[k Eg.kts R;kauk Fkksj nq%[k okVrs vkf.k R;k nq%[kkr yksV.kkjk vkiyk fiz;dj Eg.kts vkiyk nq’eu vkgs vls R;kauk okVw ykxrs- vkiY;k fiz;djkyk vkiyh gh voLFkk dGok vkf.k R;kyk ijr vki.kkik’kh cksyok v’khgh R;k vkiY;k l[khtoG fouo.kh djrkuk vk<Grkr- ?kjkoj dkoGk clysyk ikgwu R;kauk rks ‘kqHk’kdqu okVrks vkf.k vkiyk irh ?kjh ;s.kkj v’kh eukse; [kk=hgh okVw ykxrs- olar_rwps vkxeu >kys vkgs vkf.k irh ?kjh ukgh R;keqGs fdR;sd ukf;dk O;kdwG >kysY;k vk<Grkr- dkghapk fiz;dj eksfgesoj fu?k.kkj vlrks o R;kaP;k Hkkoh fojgkP;k dYiusus R;k fody >kysY;k vk<Grkr] rj dkghauk vkiY;k fiz;djkP;k Nko.khpk rG unh vyhdMs iMY;kps dGY;kus vkiyh o R;kph xkB iM.kkj ;k dYiusus foy{k.k vkuan >kysyk vlrks- v’kk vusd lw{e NVk ‘kkfgjkauh vkiY;k doukr jaxfoY;k vkgsr- izR;sd HkkousP;k vkfo”dkjkr ukohU; vk.k.;kpk R;kauh iz;Ru dsyk vkgs- [kkyhy dkgh mnkgj.k s lgtp ;kph lk{k nsrkr- ^ûwru o; nks?kkaps lkj[kk tksMk xs ckbZ Ikfr izoklk tkrh gkSl euph iqjyh ukgh** Eg.kwu rØkj dj.kkjh ukf;dk vkgss - nqlÚ;k ukf;dsph voLFkk vf/kd d#.kktud vkgs- frpkgh irh izoklkyk xsyk vkgs- rh Eg.krs] ^îfr izoklke/;s l[ks eh ;sdyh eafnjh A daBh dks.kkP;k cGsa ikBok i= fygwu ;k rjh AA** fojg Hkkousps yko.khe/kwu O;Dr gks.kkjs gs Lo:Ik ikfgys Eg.kts ‘kkfgjkaP;k voyksdukph o ijeu izos’kkP;k lkeF;kZph lk{k vki.kkyk iVrs- cgqrsd loZ ‘kkfgjkaP;k doukrwu ukf;dkp fojgkus O;kdwG >kysY;k vkgsr- irhfo”k;hP;k mRdV iszekeqGs R;kaP;k fo;ksxkus >qj.kkÚ;k ukf;dkaphp la[;k vf/kd vkgs- ,dw.kp ;k izdkjP;k loZ yko.;krwu fnlwu ;s.kkjk Hkkoukfoykl eukph idM ?ksrY;kf’kok; jkgr ukgh- fu”d”kZ ;q)kP;k osGps fujfujkGs izlax o.kZu djrkuk rs izlax MksGîkleksj mHks dj.;kps dlc ‘kfgjkaP;k ok.khyk lk/kys vkgs- R;klkBh R;kauk vusd fBdk.kh HkMd jax okijkos ykxys- fdR;sd fBdk.kh dYiuk’kDrhoj vf/kd Hkj |kok ykxyk- dkgh fBdk.kh diksydfYir fdaok rRdkyhu yksdokrkZaoj vk/kkjysY;k rif’kykapk R;kauk vkJ; ?;kok ykxyk- ,sfrgkfld lR;kpk dkVsdksji.kk R;kr dnkfpr ulsy i.k loZlkekU; JksR;kaP;k var%dj.kkph idM ?ks.;kps lkeF;Z R;kr vkgs- ;q)kps o.kZu djrkuk lSU;kP;k jpusps lw{e o.kZus] brdsp dk; i.k vusd ljnkjkaph ukokuwlkj ;knhgh R;ke/;s vk<Grs- fo;ksxkus O;kdwG >kysY;k L=hiq#”kkaP;k Hkkoukaps o.kZu ‘kkfgjkaP;k brds mRdVrsus dq.khgh dsys ulsy- R;keqGs gh loZ dous mR—“V ukVîxhrs vkgsr vls Eg.kkos ykxsy- fojgkus O;kdwG >kysY;k L=h&iq#”kkaP;k var%dj.kkr rs f’kjrkr o R;kaph nq%[ks] R;kaP;k ;kruk vR;ar mRdV jhrhus R;kaP;kp ‘kCnkr rs ekaMrkr- R;keqGs foizyaHk ‘kaxkjkpk mRdV vkfo”dkj ;k doukrwu gksr vlY;keqGs dkO;n”Vîk gh dous ekuoh Hkkfofo’o lkdkj.;kr vR;ar Js”B izrhph Bjkohr ;kr uoy ukgh-




lanHkZ 1½ MkW- fo- e- dqyd.khZ ] MkW- xaxk/kj ekjsts] ^jketks’kh —r yko.;k*] in~exa/kk izdk’ku] iq.ks] ikpoh vkoÙkh uksOgsacj 1998] izLrkouk i- 1- 2½ MkW- izHkkdj ekaMs] ^yksdlkfgR;kps Lo:i*] xksnkojh izdk’ku] vkSjaxkckn] pkSFkh vkoÙkh fMlsacj 2000] i- 295- 3½ r=So] i- 270- 4½ r=So] i- 308- 5½ izk- e- ok- /kksaM] êjkBh yko.kh*] izLrkouk] i- 2-




ejkBh dforsrhy jk”Vªokn% Lo#i vkf.k ‘kks/k MkW- ch- Ogh- fMxksGs ejkBh foHkkx izeq[k

f’kotkxrh egkfo|ky;] uGsxko rk- pkdwj] ft-ykrwj

lkjka’k ladqfpr vkf.k Lo;adsafnzr O;Drhoknkr T;kaph dkO;izfrHkk vMdwu u jkgrk rh izk/kkU;kus jk”Vªoknkps iks”k.k dj.;kr vkf.k ,sfrgkfld O;Drhfo’ks”kkps o izlaxfo’ks”kkaph vkt vko’;drk vkgs- jk”VªHkDrh gs jk”Vªthoukrhy f’kjks/kk;Z vls thouewY; vlrs- ;k thouewY;kpk uO;k r#.k fi<hP;k eukoj laLdkj gks.;kph izklafxd xjt vkgs- vkt ek= ;k Hkwehoj LokFkkZus cjcVysY;kapk gSnksl pkyw vkgs- vfrjsdhokn] ng’krokn] u{kyokn] paxGokn cksdkGysyk vkgs- Lokra™;kuarjgh bFkyk ‘ksrdjh] ‘ksretwj vkRegR;k djr vkgs- fido.kkjk d”V dj.kkjkp gky lkslr vkgs- vlk gk mQjkVk U;k; vkgs- jk”Vªizsekph mRdVrk dkO;’kCnkrwu O;Dr dj.kkÚ;k dforkapk tksjdl izokgp ejkBh dforsr lq: >kyk- ns’kkr ca/kqHkko] ,dkRerk] m|ksx’khyrk] lR;] lerk o U;k;kph izLFkkiuk gk s.;klkBhpk lnHkko ;k jk”Vªh; dfork O;Dr djrkr- ns’kkrhy laiw.kZ va/kkj ?kkyok;pk vlsy rj gkrkr gkr ?kssÅu ân;k’kh ân; tksMwu] ,SD;kpk ea«k tiwu uojk”VªfuekZ.kkps dk;Z djko;kps vkgs- cht’kCn dkO;izfrHkk] jk”Vªh; dfork] laLdkj] Toyar Ros”k] vkfFkZd fo”kerk fo”k; foospu ladqfpr vkf.k Lo;adsafnzr O;Drhoknkr T;kaph dkO;izfrHkk vMdwu u jkgrk rh izk/kkU;kus jk”Vªoknkps iks”k.k dj.;kr vkf.k ,sfrgkfld O;Drhfo’ks”kkps o izlaxfo’ks”kkaph vkt vko’;drk vkgs- jk”VªHkDrh gs jk”Vªthoukrhy f’kjks/kk;Z vls thouewY; vlrs- ;k thouewY;kpk uO;k r#.k fi<hP;k eukoj laLdkj gks.;kph izklafxd xjt vkgs- jk”VªHkDrhij dfork vktP;k r#.kkaP;k eukr uDdhp jk”Vªizse tkxo.;kP;k rkdnhph vkgs-Lokra«;iwoZ dkGkr Lokra™; izkIrhph ,deso pGoG jk”VªO;kih cuwu jkfgyh gk srh- jktdh; ikjra«;] lektkph uSfrd v/kksxrh] vkfFkZd nqnZ’kk] dyg o LoRoghurseqGs lektke/;s ?kk sj fujk’kk fuekZ.k >kyh- lektizcks/kukP;k pGoGhauh gh fujk’kk nwj d#u egkjk”Vªh; lektkr vfLerk] tkse o Lokra™;kLkaca/kh vklDrh fuekZ.k dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- b-l- 1885 rs 1920 gs fVGd&vkxjdjkaps ;qx gs lkekftd o jktdh; Økarhps ;qx gksrs- ;k dkGkr ,dk cktwyk jk”Vªoknkph tk.kho tkxr gksr gksrh- rj nqljhdMs lkekftd thoukrhy izfrxkeh ewY;kauk rMk tkr gksrk vkf.k O;fDrLokra«;kph tk.kho ewG /k# igkr gksrh- loZ izdkjP;k fo”kerspk f/kDdkj dsyk tkr gksrk- lerk] Lokra«; o ca/kqrsoj fo’okl dsyk tkr gksrk- rRdkyhu lkfgR;kojgh R;k loZ cnykapk ifj.kke >kyk- ;k dkGkrhy izcks/kukph dfork fofo/k vaxkauh Qqyw ykxyh- Lokra«; gs ewY; ekuwu R;kP;k izkIrhlkBh rGeG.kkÚ;k doheukyk dforsrwu vkiY;k jk”Vªh; Hkkouk dkO;’kCnkrwu O;Dr dj.kkÚ;k dohaP;k dforsrhy fopkjkaph vkt xjt vkgs- doh fouk;d ;kauh jk”Vªh;Rokpk ,d uok izokg ejkBh dforsr vk.kwu lksMyk- ;kp izokgkr dfork fyfg.kkjs fo-nk- lkojdj] dqlwekxzt] doh xksfoan] frokjh] vKkroklh doh ek/ko] lkus xq#th] lsukirh ckiV] uka - xks- ukankiwjdj] jk”Vªlar rqdMksth egkjkt] ‘kkghj vejukFk gs doh vxzx.; gksr- R;kauh vkiY;k dforke/kwu] inkrwu] iksokM;krwu jk”Vªh;Rokph Hkkouk psrfo.;kps eksykps dk;Z dsys- ;k R;kaP;k dkO;fufeZrhrhy eq[;Ros fVGdkaps y<kÅ jktdkj.k




vkf.k fo-nk- lkojdj ;kauh vfHkuo Hkkjr la?kVusekQZr pkyfoysys Økarhdkjh vkanksyu dkj.khHkwr >kys- b-l- 1920 uarj xka/khthP;k fnO; usrRok[kkyh lq# >kysY;k tursP;k fojkV vkanksyukr ;k jk”Vªh; dforkauh yksd tkxrrps] eus] ek.klsisVfo.;kps egRokps dk;Z dsys- ikjra+™;kfo”k;h Toyar Ros”k vkf.k Lokra™;kph mRdV vfHkyk”kk ,o<sp frps e;kZfnr Lo#i jkfgys ukgh- vkfFkZd] lkekftd] jktdh; v’kk loZ izdkjP;k fo”kersfo#/n vkf.k vU;k;kfo#/n rh vkrk caM iqdk# ykxyh vkgs- Ñf«ke Hksnkrhy v’kk lerspk vkf.k ekuooknkpk iqjLdkj dj.;kr rh mnaM mRlkg nk[kow ykxysyh vkgs- vktgh ;k jk”Vªh; dforke/khy jk”Vªoknkps] lerkoknkps Økarhdkjd Lo#i uhV U;kgkGwu ikfgys rj rs xka/khoknkojhy fu”Bsrwu mLQwrZ >kysys vkgs vls ge[kkl Eg.krk ;sr ukgh-;kp ejkBh Hkk”ksrhy Økarhdkjdkauh baxztkauk Hkkjrkrwu gkdywu ns.;klkBh Hkkjrh;kaP;k eukr] doh xksfoan ;kauh Hkkjrkph vkjrh xkowu r#.kkaP;k eukr uDdhp jk”Vªizse tkxowu Hkkjrekrspk xkSjo dsyk vkgs- ;k dforsrwu Hkkjrh;kaP;k eukr jk”VªHkkouk tkxr djrkuk EgVys vkgs-ÞTk; ‘kwjk! Tk; ohjk !t; Hkkjr jk”Vªk!Xkrk oj t; xhrk dfork larq”Vk!txnftaD; “kMfjiwapk /kqOok mMfoyk!Lnkuan & fpnkuan &lq[kkuan lxGk!ftadqfu;k thokiZ.k & fo’okiZ.k dsyk!ß doh xksfoan Eg.krkr dh] Hkkjr ns’k ‘kwjohjkapk ns’k vlwu v’kk jk”Vªkoj eh ekrHkk”ksrwu dfork fyfgY;kus larq”V >kyh- jk”VªklkBh eksg] ek;k] dke] Øks/k] en] eRlj gs ekuokrhy okbZV nqxZw.k o “kMfjiw apk /kqOok mMfoyk vkgs- laiw.kZ tho ekrHkwehlkBh viZ.k dsyk vkgs- ;k ekrHkwehus vusd jkT;drsZ] y<k;k ‘k=w ikfgys vkgsr- ikjra™; o ;’kgh ;k ;’koar Hkwehus ikfgys vkgs- ,ds dkGh vkiY;k ns’kkps oSHko] ,S’o;Z] nSfnI;eku] MksGs fnio.kkjs gksrs- lksus dh fpfM;k vls EgVys tkr gksrs - ijarq gh HkkjrHkqeh ijfd;kaP;k tks[kMk[kkyh ikjra™;krhy vkf.k xqykehr vMdysyh gksrh- Hkkjrh; turk [kpwu tkr vlrkuk vkiY;k ns’kkyk Hkfo”;dkG mToy vlwu Lokra™;kph igkV vuqHko.kkj vkgksr- lxGhdMs vkuanh vkuan ilj.kkj vkgs- v’kh Hkkjrekrsph Lro.kkph ?kaVk oktowu Hkkjrekrsyk doh xksfoan ;kauh LoizfrHksus dforsrwu vkjrh xkowu vksokGys vkgs- gh psruk vkiY;ke/;s fuekZ.k >kyh ikfgts- vki.k gs y{kkr Bsoys ikfgts dh] iwoZtkaP;k ijkØekpk nSfnI;eku bfrgkl ejxG vkysY;k lektkr uos pSrU; fuekZ.k d# ‘kdsy- ikjra™;kr m?kM cksy.ks [kqi vo?kM gksrs- Eg.kwu ikjra™;krhy Hkkjr ns’kkph fLFkrh grk’k grHkfxuhP;k #idkP;k }kjs doh fouk;d ;kauh grHkfxuh ;k dforsrwu ekaMyh vkgs- doh fouk;d ;kauh #idkREkd dkO;krwu jk”Vªh; ewY; fopkj psrfo.;kps Økarhdkjd dk;Z dsys vkgs- ;k dforsrhy vuqHko lwpd vkgs- vkt ns’kkyk Lokra™; feGwu 70 o”ksZ >kyh vkgsr- rjhgh bFkys nkfjnz;] vkfFkZd fo”kerk] lkekftd fo”kerk] lkekftd fo”kerk laiysyh vkgs- vls dks.khgh NkrhBksd lkaxw bfPNr ukgh- QDr Qjd ,o<kp >kyk dh] xksjs xsys vkf.k dkGs vkys dkj.k dh] vkiY;kpekrhrhy ek.kls loZlkekU;kaP;k erkoj fuoMwu tkowu lRrk miHkksxr vkysys vkgsr vusd ?kksVkGs d#u] [kksVh vk’oklus nsowu Hkz”Vkpkj d#u ;k lqyrkuh ladVkauh ns’kkyk f[kGf[kGs d#u lksMys vkgsr- Lokra™;kuarjgh bFkyk ‘ksrdjh] ‘ksretwj vkRegR;k djr vkgs- fido.kkjk d”V dj.kkjkp gky lkslr vkgs- vlk gk mQjkVk U;k; vkgs- vktgh xzkeh.kHkkxkrhy L=hyk vaxHkj oL= feGr ukgh- Eg.kwu doh fouk;dkaP;k grHkkxhuh ;k dforsph vkBo.k >kY;kf’kok; jkgr ukgh- frps iwohZps oSHko fryk dls feGsy ijarq feG.kkj gk dohleksjpk iz’u vkgs-Þxsys fnu ;kos dls]orZus vls ,dnk Qls] xk; th xkGh psir rh pkyyh!ßLkq[k] ‘kkarh] oSHko y;kl xsys vkgs ,dsdkGh ;kp j.kHkwehoj vusd ohj >qatys gk srs- i.k vkt ek= ;k Hkwehoj LokFkkZus cjcVysY;kapk gSnksl pkyw vkgs- vfrjsdhokn] ng’krokn] u{kyokn] paxGokn cksdkGysyk vkgs- v’kkosGh ns’kkps dY;k.k dk; gks.kkj\ v’kk orZukus rs oSHkokps fnol ijr dls ;kosr\ gh jk”Vªh; tkxrh gks.ks vktgh vko’;d vkgs-Lkkus xq#th ;kauh ns’kkP;k mToy HkforO;kps LoIu ikfgys vkgs- osG iMyh rj izk.kkph vkgqrh nsÅu ns’kkP;k oSHkokph irkdk QMdor Bso.;kph LQwrhZ ;k xhrkrwu r#.kkauk fnyh vkgs- vkiY;k ns’kkyk [kqi eksBk bfrgkl o oSHko vkgs- rs fVdowu Bso.;klkBh leksjpk va/kkj ukghlk dj.;klkBh r#.kkauk enrhyk ;s.;kps vkokgu cylkxj Hkkjr gksoks jk”VªHkDrhij xhrkrwu




djrkr- Hkkjr ikfdLrku lhesojhy iz’u] Hkkjr phu lhek iz’u vktgh egkHk;adj vkgs- ns’kkiq<hy vkOgku vkgs- fczfV’kkaP;k fojks/kkr lkusxq#thauh ,dtqVhus gkrkr gkr ?ksÅu ân;kr ân; tksMwu ,SD;kpk ea= tiwu dk;kZlkBh rRij jkg.;kl lkafxrys gksrs- vktgh vkiY;k ns’kkrhy lekt tkrh tkrhe/;s raVs Hkk aM.k] /kkfeZd naxs dj.;kr nax vkgs gs jk”VªfgrkP;k n”Vhus [kqip ?kkrd vkgs- vktgh loZ tkrh /kekZrhy yksdkauh ,dtwVhus jkg.;kph vko’;drk vkgs- rj Hkkjr lkeF;Zoku vkf.k etcwr jkfgy- gkrkr vkiY;k ns’kkP;k frjaxk ?ksÅu HkkjrekrsPks xhr xkÅu txkr ijkØe nk[ko.;kph xjt vkgs- T;k dkjfxyoj vkiY;k lSfudkauh Lor#P;k izk.kkps cfynku nsÅu ns’kkps v[kaMRo fVdoysys vkgs- gs vki.k fol#u pky.kkj ukgh- ns’kkps HkkX; rGir jkg.;klkBh thou viZ.k djk;yk lkusxq#th lakxrkr- R;keqGs ns’kkps oSHko map f’k[kjkoj ok<ok;ps vlsy rj r#.kkauh O;lukr vMdwu u iMrk Økarhdkjdklkj[ks /kkMlh cukos o Hkkjrkps usrRo djkos- ;klkBh fo-nk- lkojdjkaizek.ks Hkkjrekrsoj vkf.k ekrHkwehoj r#.kkauh izse djkos- gs vkiY;k ns’kklkBh izsjd Bj.kkj vkgs- vktgh lkxjkl ;k fo-nk- lkojdjkaP;k dforsrhy vksGhaph vkBo.k >kyh dh] vaxkoj jksekap ;srkr &Þus etlh us ijr ekrHkwehyk] Lkkxjk] izk.k rGeGyk] HkwekrsP;k pj.kkryk rw /kwrk] Ekh fuR; ikfgyk gksrk] Ekt onyklh vU; nsf’k py tkÅ] Lk`”Vhph fofo/krk ikgwßLokra™; pGoGhr Lokra™;ohj lkojdjkauk baxzt ljdkjus idMwu R;kauh tgktkrwu usr vlrkuk R;kauk lkxjkl mÌs’kwu gh dfork fyfgyh- ekrHkwehpk fojg R;kauk O;kdwG djr gksrk- ekrHkwehiklwqu nwj tk.kkj Eg.kwu R;kauk vukoj nq%[k gksr gksrs- rlk fojg ekrHkwehcÌypk vkt vkiY;kyk vl.ks vko’;d vkgs- udks R;k tatkGkr] fojgkr vkt r#.k fi<hus vMdwu iMw u;s lkojdjkalkj[ks ekrHkwehoj izse djkos- Þ>ksiMh vkbZph I;kjh] frtoh.k udks jkT;] et fiz; lkpk] Okuokl frP;k tfj ofupkßvkbZP;k >ksiMhf’kok; dks.krsgh jkT; fnys rjh rs R;kauk udks gksrs- HkkjrekrsP;k Hkwehoj lkojdjkauk ouokl feGkyk vlrk rjh fiz; gksrk- vkaXy Hkweh Hk;dkjd vlyh rjh ekrHkweh dkgh vcyk ukgh- ;kp Hkkjr Hkwojhy vxLrh _”khauh ,dk vkpeukr rq>s izk’ku dsys gksrs- rh Hkkjrekrk vcyk d’kh letrksl frP;k n’kZulkBh ek>k izk.k rGeGr vkgs- gs lkxjk rw eyk HkkjrekrsdMs ?ksÅu py- e`R;w’kh >qat nsÅu /;s;kP;k iwrZrslkBh ifjJekph ‘kFkZ dj.kkjs thou lkojdjkaps gksrs- ghp O;kdwGrk vkiY;ke/;s fuekZ.k gksÅu ekrHkwehPkk /;kl ykxyk ikfgts- ns’kkr ca/kqHkko] ,dkRerk] m|ksx’khyrk] lR;] lerk o U;k;kph izLFkkiuk gks.;klkBhpk lnHkko jk”Vªlar rqdMksth egkjkt ;k Hkkjrkr ;k dforsrwu O;Dr djrkr- vkiyk ns’k fofo/krsus uVysyk vkgs- bFks fofo/k] /keZ] iaFk] Hkk”kk ,d= ukanrkr- gsp rj brj ns’kkauk ikgor ukgh- lokZae/;s ca/kqHkko gh ladYiuk ok<hl ykxkoh v’kh izkFkZuk rqdMksth vkiY;kyk lQy djko;kph vkgs vls lkaxrkr- /kekZ /kekZr HkkaM.ks yko.;kpk iz;Ru ijdh; ns’k djr vkgsr- ijarq vkiY;k ns’kkrhy lektkus lersus] ca/kqRokus] lq[kkus] lek/kkukus] ,drsus jkg.ks ;krp lkS[; lkekoysys vkgs- xjhc] Jhear] mPpfup] Js”B & dfu”B] fganw & eqfLye] f[kz’pu] blkbZ vlk HksnHkko u”V gksÅu Lokra™;kps lq[k lokZauk lkj[ks miHkksxrk ;kos- ekuork] jk”VªHkkouk lokZae/;s ok<hl ykxkoh- lxGhdMs ekaxY;kP;k o ikfo™;kP;k lkeqfgd izkFkZuk djkO;kr- vkiY;k ns’kkrhy r:.k f’kyoku] pkfj™;oku] m|ksx’khy Ogkosr- v’kh ekx.kh rqdMksth egkjktkauh dsyh gksrh- ghp Hkkouk vktgh ok<hl ykxkoh- vkf.k ns’kkleksjhy loZ vkiRrh] ladVs] ng’krokn u”V gksÅu ?kjk?kjkr ‘kkarh] lq[k] vkuan ok<hl ykxkos v’kh izkFkZuk jk”Vzlar rqdMksth egkjkt djrkr- Økarhpk t;t;dkj gh mRrqax v’kk jk”VªHkDrhpk vfo”dkj dj.kkjh dqlwekxztkaph dfork vR;ar izHkkoh vkgs- ns’kkP;k Lokra™;klkBh rGgkrkoj f’kj ?ksÅu y<ysY;k Lokra™; ;ks/n;kaP;k mnkRr /;s;oknkps o nSfnI;eku v’kk fufHkZM o ftÌh oRrhps n’kZu ?kMrs- ;krhy Lokra™;;ks/ns otzkP;k izgkjkauk] csM;k o grdM;kauk ?kkcjr ukghr- fotspk vk?kkr >kyk rjh R;kaP;k eukrhy Lokra™;kP;k rkjdkapk laHkkj dkslG.kkj ukgh- rs Hkwdsyk] ej.kkyk ?kkcjr ukghr- dkj.k R;kapk jk”VªkfHkeku ej.kkis{kkgh cy’kkyh vkgs- gs ;ks/ns /;s;kus osMs >kysys vkgsr- fu[kkÚ;kao#u




pky.;kph fu vaxkjk’kh [ksG.;kph ftÌ R;kauh Lokra™;kph Økarh ?kMowu vk.k.;klkBh ckGxysyh vkgs- vkiY;k ek;Hkwehyk rs lkaxrkr dh] vkbZ rw rqÖ;k MksG;kr vJw ;sÅ nsÅ udksl jk=hP;k xHkkZr m|kpk m”k%dky vkgs- vkt tjh vkeph izsrs lj.kkoj isVyh rjh vkeps gs cfynku O;FkZ tk.kkj ukgh- vkeP;k lj.kkP;k Tokykrwup m|kP;k Økarhps usrs tUekyk ;srhy vkf.k rqÖ;k ik;ke/kys yksgnaM rqVrhy ;k dforsr vkos’kiw.kZrk vkgs- vktgh eukeukr] izpaM vlk jk”VªkfHkeku tkxo.;kph [kqi eksBh rkdn vkiY;k Hkkjrh; lSU;kr vkgs- ;k dforsps jk”VªHkDrhij vkn’k Z vlk ewY;kRe laLdkj ns’kkrhy lSfudkoj vlY;keqGs Åu] okjk] ikÅl] rgku] Hkwd] ?kj&nkj ;k d’kkphp ijok u djrk MksG;kr rsy ?kkywu o izk.kkph ckth ykÅu vgksjk= ns’kkP;k lhesoj Ökaqat nsr vkgsr- dsnkjukFk lkj[;k fBdk.kh fu”iki yksdkaoj fdrhgh H;kM gYys >kys rjh vkiY;k lSfudkr rksMhl rksM vls mRrj ns.;kps lekF;Z vkgs- ;k lSfudkaps euxV vls ysps isps ukgh- d/khp fip.kkjs ukgh- Eg.kwu Økarhps ok.k ?ksrysY;k ohjkauk ej.kkph rek o Hkhrh ulrs- vktP;k lSfudkaP;k izR;sd ‘oklkrwu] Fksaackrwu uos lSfud tUekyk ;s.kkj vkgsr- ekrHkwehlkBh ‘kghn >kys rjh pkysy QDr ns’kkP;k v[kaMrsPkk ;kauk /;kl vkgs- vls ;k Hkkjrekrsps gs vktgh osMs ihj vkgsr- Hkkjrkyk Lokra«; feGkY;kuarj dkgh o”kkZrp fganh fpuh HkkbZ&HkkbZpk ukjk nsr fpuus HkkjrkP;k ikBhr [kathj [kqilyk vkgs- ;kpk vkiY;kyk folj iMk;yk udks vkgs fpups vkØe.k ijro.;klkBh loZlkekU; ek.kwlgh isVwu mB.;kph vktgh xjt vkgs- vkiY;k cktkjkr fpuh oLrwaps FkSeku ektys vkgs- fpuph vFkZO;oLFkk f[kGf[kGh dj.;kph gh la/kh pkywu vkyh vkgs- fpuph vkfFkZd ukMh vkoGk;ph vlsy rj vki.k vkiY;k ns’kkr fpuh oLrwojpk fu”ks/k dsyk ikfgts- l/;k lSU;kr Hkjrh >kysys dksoGs r#.k fpupk gYyk ijro.;klkBh leFkZ vkgsr- ijarq tursuh ;k Hkkjrh; lSfudkauk o R;kaP;k dqVwackuk lkFk ns.;kph xjt vkgs- ns’kkP;k lhesojhy frjaxk xxukyk fHkMw |k- loZ HksnkHksn cktwyk lk#u ns’kkP;k v[kaMrslkBh ,dhps cG nk[kfo.;kph osG vkyh vkgs- Hkkjr gk vkØed ns’k ulwu txkyk ‘kkarhpk lans’k ns.kkjk vkgs- vfgalsps] ‘kkarrsps] Lokra«;] lerk] ca/kqrk] U;k; ;k ewY;kaps j{k.k dj.kkjk ns’k vkgs- gh jk”Vªfu”Bk cQZ isVyk ;k dforsr ‘kkghj vej ‘ks[k ;kauh th lkaxhryh vkgs rh vktP;k r#.kkauh vkpj.kkr vk.k.;kph xjt vkgs- R;keqGs ns’k j{k.kklkBh jDr lkaM.;kph r;kjh Bsokoh ykxsy- ns’kkrhy loZ jktdh; i{kkauh vki&vkilkr HkkaMr cl.;kis{kk] [ksdM;kP;k oRrhlkj[ks ik; [ksp.;kis{kk] iaFk] /keZ] tkfrHksn fol:u ns’kkph R;kauh fxGysyh Hkweh eqDr djk vkf.k ‘kkarhps xk;u] vfgalspk lans’k ns.kkjk txkyk canwdhphxksGh udks rj xkSre cq/n gok gs nk[kowu |k- gs vkokgu isy.;kph vkt xjt vkgs- fu”d”kZ 1½ loZ izdkjP;k fo”kerspk f/kDdkj d:u] LOkkra«; o ca/kqrsoj fo’okl Bso.kkjk uok lekt ?kMfo.;kpk iz;Ru jk”Vªh; dforsus dsyk vkgs- 2½ jk”Vªizsekph mRdVrk dkO;’kCnkrwu O;Dr dj.kkÚ;k dforkapk tksjdl izokgp ejkBh dforsr lq: >kyk- 3½ Hkkjr ns’kkph fLFkrh grk’k HkkX; vlysY;k L=hP;k #idkP;k lgk¸;kus doh fouk;d ;kauh ekaMyh vkgs- 4½ ekrHkwehPkk fojg fo-nk- lkojdjkauk fdrh O;kdwG o nq%[kh djrks gs vktP;k r#.kkauh y{kkr Bsoys ikfgts- 5½ iwoZtkaP;k ijkØekpk nSfnI;eku bfrgkl lektkr pSrU; fuekZ.k d# ‘kdsy ;k J/nsrwu jk”Vªh; dforkaps ys[ku >kys vkgs- 6½ Økarhizo.k r#.kkyk dks.kh jks[kw ‘kdr ukgh- gk vkn’kZ r#.kkauh vaxh #to.;kph xjt vkgs- 7½ jk”VªHkDrhij dfork r#.k fo|F;kZaP;k eukr uDdhp jk”Vªizse tkxo.;kP;k rkdnhP;k vkgsr- 8½ ns’kkr ca/kqHkko] ,dkRerk] m|ksx’khyrk] lR;] lerk o U;k;kph izLFkkiuk gks.;klkBhpk lnHkko ;k jk”Vªh; dfork O;Dr djrkr-




9½ ns’kkrhy laiw.kZ va/kkj ?kkyok;pk vlsy rj gkrkr gkr ?kssÅu ân;k’kh ân; tksMwu] ,SD;kpk ea«k tiwu uojk”VªfuekZ.kkps dk;Z djko;kps vkgs- lanHkZxzaFk 1½ jes’k rsaMwydj] ckydfoaph dfork % rhu lanHkZ ] ekSt izdk’ku] eqacbZ] izFkekoRrh] 1999 2½ MkW- olar fcjknkj] vk/kqfud ejkBh ok³e;kpk bfrgkl ¼b-l- 1818 rs 1919½ dSyk’k ifCyds’kUl] vkSjaxkckn] izFkekoRrh] 1999 3½ ¼ladyd½ panzdkar ‘kgklus] ns’kHkDr dks’k] cgqtu lkfgR;/kkjk] iq.ks] f}rh;koRrh] 2012 4½ ¼leUo;d½ MkW- d`”.kpanz Kkrs] vk/kqfud ejkBh i|kpk ik;kHkwr vH;kl] vHk; izdk’ku] ukansM] izFkekoRrh] 1997 5½ MkW- lkS- lqyHkk nqlkus] eaxs’k ikMxkodjkaph dfork Lo#i vkf.k vfHkO;Drh] dSyk’k ifCyds’kUl] vkSjaxkckn] izFkekoRRkh] 2000




HkqykckbZph xk.kh% ijaijk vkf.k Lo#i Ikzk-MkW- eerk tkujko baxksys

lg;ksxh izk/;kid] MkW- ,p-,p- flUgk dyk o okf.kT; egkfo|ky;]

ikrwj] ft- vdksyk-

izLrkouk yksdlkfgR;kr yksdxhrkauh egRokps LFkku izkIr dsys vkgs- yksdlkfgR;kyk izkeq[;kus L=heukus vkfo”dr dsys vkgs] R;keqGs yk sdxhrkaP;k dR;kZns[khy fL=;kp Bjrkr- o”kkZuqo”ksZ ijkoyach thou tx.kkÚ;k L=hyk iq#”klRrkd O;oLFksus ca/kukr vMdowu Bsoys gksrs- eqyxh vlrkuk oMhy] HkkÅ] fookg >kY;koj irh o vkbZ >kY;koj eqyxk ;kauh frP;koj vkiys opZLo xktoys- ;k ca/kukr ?kqleV.kkÚ;k L=hus lrr eksdG;k vkdk’kkr Hkjkjh ?ks.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk] ek= ;klkBh frus dqBysgh caM iqdkjys ukgh- frus vkiyh ?kqleV vkiY;k nSuafnu dk;ZO;ogkjkrwup izdV dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- ;krwup ex tkR;koj nGrkuk] /kkfeZd fo/kh vkpjrkuk] fofo/k [ksG [ksGrkauk] eqykaps laxksiu djrkuk vkfn fofo/k izlaxh xk.;kaP;k ek/;ekrqu vkiys euksxr O;Dr dj.ks lq# dsy]s gkp yksdxhrkapk mn; gksrk- L=hus izkeq[;kus /kkfeZd Lo#ikrwu ;k yksdxhrkaph ekaM.kh dsyh- ^pwy vkf.k ewy* ;k ca/kukr vlY;kus QkoY;k osGkr frpk vks<k /kkfeZd ozroSdY;kdMs ok<yk- gs fo/kh vf/kd ikjn’kZd Ogkosr ;k Hkkousrwu fofo/k xhr] Hktu ;kaph fufeZrh >kyh- fofo/k l.k mRlokpk vkuan f}xqf.kr dj.;kP;k Hkkousrwu Hk qykckbZP;k xk.;klkj[ks yksdlkfgR; mn;kyk vkys- la’kks/kukpk mÌs’k 1½izR;{k HksVwu ekSf[kd #ikr vlysY;k HkqykckbZP;k xk.;kaps ladyu dj.ks o R;kpk oLrqfu”B vH;kl dj.ks- 2½HkqykckbZ ;k yksdnsorsP;k iwtsps Lo#i letwu ?ks.ks- 3½HkqykckbZ ;k yksdnsorspk L=heukoj vlysyk xMn izHkko letwu ?ks.ks- 4½;k xk.;kps yksdlkfgR;krhy LFkku letwu ?ks.ks- 5½;k xk.;kP;k fufeZrhpk dkG] Lo#i o R;kph mi;ksxhrk ‘kks/k.ks- 6½;k xk.;kP;k vk/kkjs rRdkyhu L=hthou vH;kl.ks- 7½L=hP;k leFkZ Hkwfedsyk yksd,sfrgkfld lanHk Z ns.kkjh] frP;krhy vfLerk tkxfo.kkjh]lektkP;k tM.k?kM.khr fL=;kaps ;ksxnku n’kZfo.kkjh] yksdlaLdrhpk okjlk ti.kkjh] HkqykckbZph xk.ks vueksy Bsok Eg.kwu tru dj.ks- la’kks/ku HkqykckbZP;k xk.;kps Lo#i] y{k.ks HkqykckbZps xk.ks gk L=hthoukpk vkf.k L=hthouk’kh lacaf/kr vlysY;k ,dw.k fo’okpk vkf.k R;kekx s vl.kkÚ;k Hkkoladqy eukpk lgt] LokHkkfod vkfo”dkj gks;- L=hthoukP;k vkoMh&fuoMh] lq[k&nq%[ks] rk.k&r.kko] L=h eukoj ,dw.k lektthou i/nrhpk vkf.k dkSVwafcd thoukpk vlysyk izHkko] ;k izHkkokrwu laLdkfjr >kysys L=h&eu] L=hthoukrhy vk/kkj&fopkj] #<h] izFkk] frP;k /keZdYiuk vkf.k /kekZpk frP;koj vlysyk ixMk] ,d L=h&R;krY;k R;kr ikjaifjd L=h Eg.kwu thou txrkuk fryk ;s.kkjs vuqHko] frP;k eukrhy [kGcG] lkljph NGo.kwd] frpk nqcGsi.kk] vxfrdrk] frpk dqaBhri.k] frps ijkoyafcRo] frP;koj vlysys iq#”kkaps opZLo ;kps o.kZu ;k xk.;kr vkys vlys rjh HkqykckbZP;k xhrizdkjkps Lo#i vfr’k; osxGs vkgs-




HkqykckbZph xk.kh gk dqekfjdkapk yksdksRlo vkgs- ;k mRlokr HkqykckbZph ekaM.kh vkf.k xk.ks Eg.k.ks@[ksG.ks ;kyk fo’ks”k egRo vkgs- ;k xk.;kauk fu;ekaph lkpsc/n pkSdV ukgh- ;kr deZdkaMkaph dBksjrk ukgh- gk mRlo fdzMkLo#ih vlwu rks eksdG;k tkxsr] vax.kkr lkewfgdi.ks [ksGyk tkrks- L=h gh ltZukps izrhd vkgs- rk#.;kr izos’k dj.;kl mRlqd v’kk eqyhaP;k fBdk.kh vlysY;k ltZu’kDrhpk fodkl Ogkok] L=hph vkfnizoRrh vl.kkÚ;k ekrRoHkkousph ykylk eqyhae/;s fuekZ.k gksÅu R;k Hkkoukapk ifjiks”k Ogkok- ‘kfDrnsorsizek.ksp frus iztkorh Ogkos] larfrlao/k Zukph vkl ckGxkoh] vlk gsrw ;k mRlokekxs vlkok- rlsp T;k dkGkr vfr’k; ygku o;kr eqyhaps yXu gksr gksrs- R;k dkGkr eqyhaP;k thoukps vfoHkkT; vax vl.kkÚ;k ^lklj&ekgsj* ;kr ewyHkwr Qjd vkgs- dkSrqd dj.kkjs] [ksGk;yk ns.kkjs] vks< yko.kkjs êkgsj* gs loZLo ulwu NG dj.kkjs] dksaMw dksaMw ekj.kkjs ^lklj* gsp vkiys ^thouloZLo* vkgs] v’kh R;kaph euksHkwfedk r;kj Ogkoh- yfMokG vl.kkjs ekgsj lksMY;kuarj lkljP;k okrkoj.kkr lejl gksrkuk leksj vkysY;k lq[k&nq%[kkyk l{kersus lkeksjs tkrk ;kos- lkljykp ekgsj ekuwu iq<hy thoukph okVpky djrk ;koh] gh ekufldrk fuekZ.k dj.;kps dkegh gk mRlo djrks- lkljP;k [kMrj ukR;kfo”k;hph] lkalfjd tckcnkÚ;kafo”k;hph tk.khogh gs xk.ks eqyhauk d#u nsrkr- HkqykckbZph xk.kh gh O;fDrfu”B fnlr vlyh rjh R;krwu O;Dr gks.kkjk vuqHko] HkkoHkkouk] lq[k&nq%[k s ,dw.kp L=hthou R;k fof’k”V dkGkrhy] ifjfLFkrhy dsoG ,dk L=hps o.kZu ukgh rj R;k dkGkrhy L=hlewgkP;k Hkkoukaph rh xkFkk vkgs vls EgVys rjh okoxs Bj.kkj ukgh- 1½ HkqykckbZ gk egkjk”Vªkpk yksdksRlo vkgs- HkqykckbZ clfo.;kpk dsOgkiklwu izkjaHk >kyk ;kpk vlk fuf’pr dky[kaM ukgh- ek= HkqykckbZ ;k mRlokyk izkphu ijaijk vkgs- 2½ HkqykbZxhrkaph ijaijk ekSf[kd] drkZ vukfed vkgs] rh lewgkph fufeZrh vkgs- 3½ HkqykbZxhrkauk fu;ekapk lkpscani.kk ukgh- HkqykbZxhrkauk tkrh; pk SdV ukgh- 4½ HkqykbZxhr fufeZrhr lkrR; vkgs- tM.k?kM.k lq#p vlY;kus fuR;uwru vkgsr- tqU;koj uO;kps dye vkgs- 5½ HkqykbZxhrs y;c/n vkgsr] Lojiz/kku vkgsr- ;k xhrkauk R;kph Lor%ph ijaijkxr pky vkgs- 6½ HkqykbZxhrkar ‘kCn] vk’k;kP;k vuq”kaxkus Ik;kZ; fuekZ.k >kys vlys rjh izR;sd Ik;kZ;] izR;sd ikB ‘kq/n vkgs- 7½ HkqykbZxhrs Lora=] Lo;aiw.kZ vkgsr- R;kr fofo/krk vkgs- gh xhrs fdz;klaca/n vkgsr- R;kapk fo/kh a’kh laca/k vkgs- 8½ HkqykbZxhrs thouLi’khZ] thou ?kMfo.kkjh vkgsr- R;kr ladsr vk<Grkr- 9½ gh xhrs ea=kRed vkgsr- R;kapk fo/kha’kh laca/k vkgs- 10½ ^HkqykbZ ekaMrkr] fViÚ;k [ksGrkr* ;k xhrkapk laca/k [ksGk’khgh vkgs- 11½ jpusP;k n”Vhus ;kr ;ed lk/kys vkgs- ‘ksoVP;k pj.kkaph iqujkoRrh gksrs- 12½ HkqykbZxhrkrhy Hkko] dYiuk] jl] vyadkj] vFkZ ;k ckch ifjiw.kZ vkgsr] R;keqGs ;k xhrkauk ewY; izkIr gksrs- 13½ HkqykbZxhrkr ijaijklkrR; fVdfo.;kpk iz;Ru vkgs] R;keqGsp ‘kCnkph izkphu #is] tqU;k izFkkaps vo’ks”k R;krwu Mksdkorkr- 14½ ;k xhrkrwu yksdthoukps] yksdlaLdrhps n’kZu ?kMrs- 15½ dkgh xhrs iz’uksRrj Lo#ikph vkgsr- 16½ HkqykbZxhrkauk] LFkG] dkG] osG] o;] Hkk”kk ;kaps ca/ku ukgh] rs lkoZf=d vlY;keqGs vusd izns’k@vusd Hkk”kkae/;s lkj[ks vlw ‘kdrs- 17½ dkgh HkqykbZxhrs izsjd vkgsr] fd’kksjo;hu eqyhaP;k eukoj laLdkj dj.kkjs vkgsr- R;kr yiokNioh ukgh- 18½ HkqykbZxhrs dkykrhy vkgsr- ;k xhrkr fofo/krk vkgs] rs ifjiw.kZ vkgsr-




19½;k xhrkr LFkyfof’k”Vrk vkf.k LFkykarj {kerk vkgs- 20½ ;k xhrkae/;s dqBs&dqBs vk’k;kaph vkf.k jpusph iqujkoRrh vkgs- dqBs&dqBs ‘kCn fujFkZd okVrkr] <kscGi.kk tk.korks- ;k xhrkae/kwu L=heukps fp=.k vkgs] R;keqGs ,dw.kp L=hthoukpk bfrgkl] L=hthoufodklkps VIis tk.kwu ?ksrk ;srkr] lekt’kkL=h;] ekuo’kkL=kP;k lgk;kus HkwrdkGkpk ‘kks/k ?ksrk ;srks- L=hthoukP;k bfrgklkpk vkys[k ;k}kjs myxMrk ;sÅ ‘kdrks- 21½ HkqykbZxhrkar la[;k@nkfxus@oLrwaps mYys[k ;srkr- HkqykbZxhrkaP;k izkphu ijaijsus eksB;k o l<G gkrkus L=heukP;k Hkkorjaxkauk fnXnf’kZr dsys- ;k xhrekSfDrdkauh izR;sd L=hyk uVfoys] L=hthouklkBh rs ifjLi’kZ Bjysr- 22½ ;k xhrkae/;s jkx] }s”k] osnuk ;k HkkoukaP;k fojspuklkBh fouksnkpk vk/kkj ?ksryk vkgs- 23½HkqykckbZP;k xhrakuk dsoG /kkfeZd vf/k”Bk.k ekuus pqdhps Bjrs dkj.k gh xhrs oS;fDrd vkRekfo”dkjkph ifj.krh vlyh rjh rh L=h dykoar Eg.kwu] ,d lekt?kVd Eg.kwu lektkr okojr vlY;kus R;kP;k dykdrhrgh lkekftd] lkaLd`frd n’kZu ?kMrs- 24½ HkqykbZxhrs fL=;kaph vlY;keqGs ;k xhrkrwu L=hthoukps izfrfcac iMys vkgs- ;kr L=hP;k izkphu thoukps vo’ks”k lkiMrkr- L=hfufeZr] dfYir vkf.k varHkwZr l`”Vhpsgh n’kZu ?kMrs- ;k tksMhyk orZekudkyhu thoukpk /kkxkgh v/kwue/kwu fnlrks- 25½ ;k xhrkrwu L=hthoukps] laLdrhps vkf.k thou tx.;kP;k fofo/k i/nrhaps n’kZu ?kMrs] Eg.kwup gh xhrs egkjk”Vªkpk lkaLd`frd Bsok vkgsr-

HkqykckbZP;k xk.;kps okM~-e;hu ewY;ekiu yksdthoukP;k fo’oklkrwu Lo;aLQwrhZus vkiY;k vkarfjd Hkkoukaps vLly izdVhdj.k dj.kkjs] fL=;kaP;k vkReuqHkwrhpk gqadkj vl.kkjh HkqykckbZph xk.kh okM~-e;hu n”Vhusgh Js”B ntkZph vlwu rh okM~e;hu ewY;kapk oSHkolaiUurspk nkfxuk Bjkok ;k ;k sX;rsph vkgsr- lkSan;ZdYiuk] ykfyR; vkf.k Hkkoukfo”dkj ;k izeq[k okM~-e;hu ewY;kauk MksG;kaleksj Bsowu Hk qykckbZP;k xk.;kapk ‘kks/k ?ksryk rj vls Eg.krk ;sbZy dh] gh rhugh ewY;s ;k xk.kae/kwu vkyh vkgsr- ;k xk.;kauh Hkkoukauk] ftoar vej dsys vkgs- ;k xk.;kauh dkO;kps [kjs lkSan;Z ,o<;k cgkjhus n’kZfoys vkgs dh] ukeoar dohaukgh ;k fL=;kauh dsysY;k dYiukaph HkqjG iMkoh ,o<h gh xk.kh lkSan;Z’kkyh] Hkk”kklkSan;Z vkf.k jljaxkus vkf.k dYiukfoyklkus] izfrekl`”Vhuh uVysyh vkgsr- ;k xk.;kr xksM dkO;e; Hkk”kk vkf.k vizfre izfrekl`”Vh vk<Grs] R;keqGs ;k xk.;kaps ewY; fuf’prp Js”B ntkZps vkgs- ;k xk.;kae/;s vlysys fofo/k lkSan;Z vkiys y{k os/kwu ?ksrkr- gs lkSan;Z Hkkoukaps] dYiukaps rlsp Hkk”ksps vkgs- ;k xk.;ke/kwu izxV gk s.kkjh dYiusph Hkjkjh Qkjp lkSan;Z’kkyh vkgs- lklj] ekgsjP;k oS|kph rqyuk ;krhy dYiusph Hkjkjh ikg.;klkj[kh vkgs- lkljpk oS| QkVda /kksrj] QkVdk dqMrk] tGdh dkBh] QkVdk cqV] ‘ks.kkpk fVdk v’kk #ikr ^fHkdkÚ;kok.kh* vorjrks rj ekgsjpk oS| ek= jkts’kkgh vorkjkr ;srks ] rks ^jktkok.kh fnlrks-* Hkk”kk] vFkZ] ‘kCn;k stuk] ykfyR; o izlkn ;k dkO;xq.kkapk laxe ;k xk.;krwu fnlrks- gsp ;k xk.;kaps lkSan;Z vkgs] oSHkolaiUurk vkgs- R;krhy izR;sd ‘kCnkyk thoukHkwrhpk Li’kZ >kyk vlY;keqGs rs pkyrs&ck syrs jkgrkr] Eg.kwup rs ftoar] vFkZiw.kZ okVrkr- Eg.kwup gk ejkBhpk ^vLly [kftuk* gks;] vls EgVys rjh okoxs Bj.kkj ukgh- ;k xk.;kaph Hkk”kk yksdO;ogkjkrhy vlY;keqGs R;kr ftoari.kk fnlwu ;srks- ;k xk.;krhy lkljh gks.kkÚ;k tkpkps o.kZu vlks ok ekgsjh feG.kkÚ;k ek;sps o.kZu vlks rs vfr’k; LokHkkfod fjrhus vkysys vkgs- fL=;kauh lâ; mRLQwrZ Hkkouk Hkk”ksr mRdVi.ks vksrwu BsoY;k vkgsr- fL=;kaP;k vuqHkoiw.kZ] viwoZ o ftoar v’kk Hkkoukaph rh vkjrh vkgs- ;k xk.;kaph Hkk”kk laiUu vlwu R;krhy vk’k; y{kkr ?ksrkuk ftoari.kkpk izR;; ;srks-




Hkk”kk] vFkZ ] ‘kCn;kstuk] ykfyR;] izlkn o dYiukfoykl ;k loZ dkO;xq.kkapk euksgkjh laxe ;k xk.;kr igko;kl feGrks- gh xk.kh dkO; n”Vhus tso<h ljl rso<hp L=hthoukph laLd`frj{kd Eg.kwu egRokph ekuyh xsyh vkgsr- gh xk.kh Eg.kts L=hP;k vkRekuqHkwrhpk izdV vkfo”dkj gk s;- lewgeukps fp=.k ;kr vkgs- gh xk.kh loZlkekU; fL=;kaP;k thouk’kh ,d#i >kyhr- fL=;kaP;k Hkkoukaps izdVhdj.k ;k}kjs >kys- gh xk.kh ;k rksaMph R;k rksaMh [ksGrh jkgyh- oa’kijaijkxr ?ksrY;k tk.kkÚ;k oL;kizek.ks pkyr jkfgyh- izR;sd fi<hrhy fL=;kauh vkiY;kgh Hkkoukaps euksgkjh #i R;kr felGys] R;keqGs rs thouk’kh ,d#i >kys- tsOgk lkfgR; thouk’kh ,d#i gksrs] rknkRE; ikors rsOgk rs dkykrhy Bjrs- lektkph] jk”Vªkph laiRrh Bjrs- gh xhrsgh R;k ntkZyk ik= Bjyh vkgsr- ;k

xhrkarwu L=hthoukpk mRdV iV lkdkj gksrks- L=hP;k okRly;kP;k Hkkouk] ekrrokpk mRdV vkfo”dkj] lq[k&nq%[kkps izlax] izhrhP;k Hkkouk] lkljpk jkx] ekgsjph vks< ;k Hkkouk ;k xk.;kae/kwu lgt] gGwokji.ks O;Dr gksrkauk fnlrkr- ;k xhrkar tk.ko.kkjs fL=;kaps Hkkofo’o ftOgkG;kus] izhrhus] lgkuqHkwrhus] vkiqydhus] ek;sus vksrizksr Hkjysys fnlrs- R;kr ekrk&fiR;kaP;k eerkiw.kZ vkf.k furkar N=Nk;s[kkyh Hkkokcfg.khauh d/kh vkuankP;k ygjhoj mM;k ekjkO;k rj d/kh #lok /kjr dkSVwafcd thoukyk mtkGk |kok- ?kjkrhy okrkoj.k vkYgknnk;d djkos rj d/kh lkljh gks.kkjk tkp lgu djkok- uank&tkokpk gsok rj d/kh cgh.k&Hkkokph ek;k ;kapk vuqHko ?;kok- ek;&ckikcn~nyph drKrk] ckGjkT;kps okRlY;iw.kZ fp=.k ;k xk.;krwu ikgk;yk feGrs- ;k xhrkrhy ekgsjps ukrs tfeuhojhy tx.;k’kh tksMys vkgs- gh xhrs ân;kyk >js ikMrkr- ^vLl lklj NkuckbZ [ksGk;yk feGrs] vLl lklj }kj ckbZ dksaMw dksaMw ekjrs* gh Hkkouk vf[ky L=hfo’okph /kkj.kk gksrs- ^ysdh HkqykckbZ] lk[kG;k ysowu tkbZ d’kh ysow nknk /kjh uank tkok] djhr ek>k gsok] gsok ijksijh] uank tkok ?kjks?kjh* ,[kknh xks”V ?ks EgVY;koj] dkj.k lkax.kkÚ;k cfguhyk HkkÅ letkorkauk fnlrks- ^lkljP;k okVs dqpqdwpw dkVs] ekgsjP;k okVs xqykycqDdk nkVs* ;k vksGhrwu lkljcn~ny uoo/kwP;k eukr vlysY;k Hkkouk vfHkO;Dr gksrkuk fnlrkr- irh&iRuhps gGwokj laca/k vfHkO;Dr gks.kkÚ;k ;k xhrke/kwu îrh gkp L=hpk loksZRre nkfxuk* gh Hkkouk izfrfcfcr >kysyh fnlrs] rlsp ekuoh thou LoHkkokP;k ukukfo/k NVk] ijLijkaph vrwV izseHkkouk izfrchfcr >kyh vkgs- iRuhyk vusd iz’u fopkj.kkÚ;k iRuhyk frrdhp leiZd mRrjs ns.kkjh iRuh gh ^,sdk gks ‘kadjk cksykpk vFk Z djk* ;k xk.;kr ;srs- lkljh NGkus ifjlhek xkByh rjh rh lgu djrs rh dsoG irhP;k izsekiksVh vkf.k frpk irhgh ;k lgtlqanj Hkkousyk izfrlkn nsrks- fofo/k nkfxU;kps vkfe”k nk[ko.;kP;k lkljP;k eaMGhyk nkfxus ?ksr ukgh] rqeP;k ?kjh ;sr ukgh v’kh B.kdko.kkjh ^f>iz dq=a* lksMk;yk yko.kkjh L=h irhus êxGlq=* gk nkfxuk vk.krkp fuewVi.ks lkljh tk.;kl r;kj gksrs- irh&iRuh }Sr vlys rjh R;kaP;krhy Hkkoukps rknkRE; v}Sr vkgs] ghp Hkkouk ;k xhrkae/kwu izxV gksrs- ;k xk.;ke/khy izR;sd ‘kCnkyk Hkkouspk Li’kZ >kysyk vkgs] R;keqGsp gh xhrs HkkoukLi’khZ vkgsr] thouLi’khZ vkgsr- HkqykckbZph xk.kh lgt lqanj] LokHkkfodrk] izlkn;qDr] vks?koR;k ok.khus uVysyh vkgsr- R;kr ;s.kkj s miek&n”Vkar] dYiukoSHko gs R;kps |ksrd vkgs- R;kr miek] n”Vkar] dYiukoSHko jkstP;k O;ogkjkrhy vkgs- mnk-^;so<klk rkanwG ckbZ u[kkua [kqMhyk*] ^cktkjkrwu vk.kyk ,dp vkck]* ^vkyk psaMw xsyk psaMw* ;k xk.;ke/kwu tkxkstkxh izxV >kysyh dYiusph Hkjkjh Qkj lkSan;Z’kkyh vkgs- îk;kr iSat.k ukpw d’kh \ xG;kr gkj okdw d’kh \ cMk ?kj iksdG olk* vl.kkÚ;k lkljP;k ifjfLFkrhps o.kZu ;k xk.;krwu eksB;k [kqeklnkji.ks vkys vkgs- neMhps rsy vk.kY;koj lqusus dk; dk; djkos \ ;kP;k vis{kkgh ;k xk.;kr vkgsr- lwu xaHkhji.kkpk eq[koVk ika?k#u




eukrY;k eukr glr loZ o.kZu djr vkgs- iwohZ Ugk.ks] os.kh] nk<h] ‘ksaMh] ;kuk Hkjiwj rsy yko.;kph i/nr neMhP;k rsy ,o<a lxG;k fdz;suarjgh djrs- lwu eksB;k fe’dhyi.kkus lokZph mRdBk rk.kr&rk.kr iq<ph ifjfLFkrh lkaxrs o gkL;jl fuekZ.k djrs- lklwckbZ larkirkr rsOgk & ^lklwckbZ lklwckbZ vU;k; >kyk nksu pkcwd vf/kd ekjk Nw/k Hkkr [kk;yk ?kkyk ek>a m”V rqEghp dk<k* vl xk.;kP;k ek/;ekrqu dk gksbZuk lklwyk lkaxrs- ts izR;{kkr ‘kD; ukgh rs dYiusr fpf=r djrs- ;ke/;s lqusP;k dYiusrhy >si iYysnkj vkgs] vkd”kZd vkf.k vFkZiw.kZ vkgs- HkqykckbZP;k xk.;karwu fnl.kkjh izfrekl`”Vh yksdthoukrwu vkfo”d`r >kyh vkgs- rh izfrekl`”Vh vkd”kZd] fpRros/kd] u;ujE;] vFkZiw.kZ vlwu vuqHkokph ijaijk frP;kekxs vkgs- HkqykckbZP;k xk.;kr fofo/k izdkjP;k jaxkpk mYys[k vkysyk vkgs- R;krgh yky] fgjok jax izfrekgh izeq[ki.ks fnlrkr- dkgh jaxkau L=hthoukr egRokps LFkku feGfoys vkgs- yky jax gk R;ke/;s lokZr egRokpk vkgs( rks lqlaLdr] vlaLdr] loZ yksdkr fiz; vkgs- rk s izsj.kknk;h rlkp ‘kaxkjkyk mRrstd vkgs] rlsp fgjok jax lkSHkkX;kpk izrhd Eg.wku vkysyk vkgs- ;k xk.;krwu vkysys eaxGlq=] tksMoh] dkd.k ;kauk L=hthoukr vfr’k; egRokps] oSf’k”V;iw.kZ o HkkoukRed LFkku vkgs- ;k izfrek lk/;k okVr vlY;k rjh vFkkZP;k n”Vhus vksrizksr HkjY;k vkgsr- tkaHkGh ?kksMh] fuGh ?kksMh] dacG] jkGk] tkbZ vkack] fgjok lji] fuacw] eksj ;kgh izfrek ;k xhrkae/kwu ;srkr- yksdlkfgR;kP;k n”Vhus ;k izfrekauk Qkj egRokps LFkku vkgs- dkjya] eaxGlq=] uFk] dacjiVk] panz] lw;Z] ‘kkyw] pksGh bR;knh ukukfo/k izfrek ;k xhrkae/kwu ;srkr- fL=;kauhp L=hLoHkkokP;k xksQkps ihG dykdqljhus ?kkrysys ok mdyysys vlY;keqGs xhrkar d`f=erk tk.kor ukgh- HkqykckbZP;k xk.;kaps ewY;ekiu gh xk.kh xk.kkÚ;kP;k lks;huqlkj vkysyh vkgsr- ;k xhrkrhy /kìnkyk egRokps LFkku vlY;keqGs R;kph iqujkoRrh gksrs( dkj.k /kìnkP;k vaxkus ;k xhrkaP;k jpusus fu;eu gksrs- fujFkZd ‘kCn îkniqjds* Eg.kwu okjaokj ;srks] R;krwu izkl lk/kyk tkrks- ;k xhrke/khy dkgh ‘kCnkapk vFkZ ykxr ukgh- xhrs leqnk;kus xk;yh tkrkr- R;kuk ,d vkarfjd y; vkgs- ;k xk.;kauk Qsjke/;s] fVijhoj vFkok clwu VkGhpk Bsdk fnY;kus rh y;c/ngh Bjrkr- xhr] uR; vkf.k laxhr ;k frugh izdkjkuh ;k xhrkaph vfHkO;Drh gksrs- ;k xhrke/kwu d`f”kdeZ] fookgknh laLdkj] xHkZorhojps laLdkj] ckGkps ckjls] ‘kaxkj] vkbZps okRlY;] ukR;kryk [kjrMi.kk] xksMok ;kps n’kZu gksrs- uojlkaiSdh vn~Hkwrjl] gkL;jl] ‘kkarjkl] ‘kaxkjlg] d#.kjl] ohjjl] okRlY;jlkps n’kZu ;k xk.;kae/kwu gksrs- dkSVwafcd thoukr vkRelarks”k O;Dr dj.kkjh xhrs gh ‘kkarjlkph mnkgj.ks vkgsr- gh xhrs Jegh gydh djrkr- eukyk rtsyk nsrkr- ;k xhrkr dkGkuq#i dGr udGr cny gksr vlrkr- cnyysY;k ‘kCnke/kwu yk sdthoukps] L=hthoukps n’kZu ?kMrs- yksdlkfgR;krwu gs thoun’kZu ?kM.ks gsp vf/kd egRokps vlrs- ikjaifjd nkfxus ?kky.kkÚ;k HkqykckbZ tsOgk ckaxM;k,soth czslysV /kkj.k djrkr rsOgk rk s yksdthoukpk HkqykckbZP;k xhrkoj meVysyk Blk Bjrks- ;k xhrkrhy xksM] e/kqj v’kh dkO;e; Hkk”kk] vizfre vlwu HkkolkSan;Z] dYiuklkSan;Z] izfrekl`”Vh ;keqGs ;k xhrkps okM~-e;hu ewY; fuf’prp eksBs vkgs] Js”B ntkZps vkgs- v’kkizdkjs vuknhdkGkiklwu L=hP;k okV;kyk vkysys thou izfrfcafcr dj.;kps dke HkqykckbZP;k xk.;kuh dsys vkgs- dkGkuq#i FkksMsQkj cny tjh ;k xk.;kae/;s fnlwu ;sr vlys rjh xk.kh jp.;kekxhy mn~ns’k rksp vkgs- ejkBh yksdlkfgR;kyk le`/n dj.;kr ;k xk.;kapk egRoiw.kZ okVk vkgs- izR;sd dkGkr ;k xk.;kaps egRo vckf/kr jkgr vkys vkgs- vkt L=hyk eqDrhps ia[k ykHkys vkgsr- rh izxrhph vkf.k fodklkph mp Hkjkjh ?ksr vkgs- rh vkiyh ca/kus >qxk#u nsowu ,dsd ikÅy iq<s Vkdr okVpky djhr vkgs- frP;kojhy vU;k;] vR;kpkjkyk O;Dr




dj.;klkBh vkf.k R;kapk fojks/k dj.;klkBh frP;ktoG Hkjiwj ikBcG miyC/k >kkysys vkgs- vkiyh vkReoapuk O;Dr dj.;klkBh vk/kqfud lk/kus frP;k toGikl vkgsr rjhns[khy vktP;k L=hyk vusd foopukapk lkeuk djkok ykxr vkgs- fdacgquk ;k vk/kqfud dkGkr frph fooapuk vf/kdp ok<r vkgs- dkGklkscr /kkoiG djrkuk fryk vkiY;k fooapuk O;Dr dj.;klkBh uSlfxZd lk/kup miyC/k jkfgysys ukgh- vknhdkGkr vkiya nq%[k O;Dr dj.;klkBh funku l[;k rjh miyC/k gk sR;k- vkt ;k LokFkhZ txkr l[;Rop yqIr >kys vkgs- v’kkosGh Hk qykckbZP;k ek/;ekrwu dk gksbZuk vkiyh vkReoapuk ekaM.;kps O;klihB L=hyk [kq.kkor vkgs- fu”d”kZ vdksyk ftYg;krhy Hk qykckbZP;k xk.;kps ladyu djhr vlrkauk vls vk<Gys dh] HkqykckbZ ;k yksdnsorspk L=heukoj vlysyk xMn izHkko vkgs- vkt 21 O;k ‘krdkrgh HkqykckbZP;k mRlokr L=heu je.;kpk iz;Ru djrs- osGsvHkkoh rh 1 efguk gk mRlo tjh lktjk d# ‘kdr ulsy rjh dkstkxhjh ikSf.kZesyk ek= vkotwZu ;k mRlokr Hkkx ?ksrs vkf.k HkqykckbZP;k fufeRrkus vkiY;k eukrhy ?kqleVysY;k Hkkoukuk eksdGs djrs- L=hP;k Hkkofud thoukph fp= vR;ar la;ekus ;k xhrkae/kwu izfrfcachr >kysys fnlrs- R;keqGs ;k xk.;kaP;k vk/kkj s L=hthoukpk vH;kl djrk ;srs- ;k xk.;kaeqGs fofo/k #<h] ijaikaps tru gksÅu R;k}kjs yksdf’k{k.k o yksdizcks/ku gksrs- L=h;kP;k lanHkk Zrhy #<h ijaijkpk okjlk iq<hy fi<hdMs lksifoyk tkrks- uuan&Hkkot;] lklq&lqu] ;k [kMrj ukR;kps] Hkkoukps fp= vR;ar la;ekus ;k xhrkae/kwu js[kkVys vkgs- loZ ukrs laca/kkph rjy oh.k ;k xk.;krwu tk.kors- vfr’k; lk/;k] lksI;k] ljG ‘kCnkrwu lexz L=h&tkrhP;k nq%[kkyk okpk QksM.kkjh gh xhrs vkgsr- fL=aP;k leFkZ Hkwfedsyk yksd,sfrgkfld lanHkZ ns.kkjh] frP;krhy vfLerk tkxfo.kkjh] lektkP;k tM.k?kM.khr fL=;kaps ;ksxnku n’kZfo.kkjh] yksdlaLd`frpk okjlk ti.kkjh] L=hps Hkkofo’o myxM.kkjh egkjk”Vªkps ?kj u~ ?kj n.kkowu lksM.kkjh gh xhriwtk vkrk dsoG [ksMksikMhp rx /k#u vkgs- ‘kgjkr ek= HkqykckbZph xk.ks vkt dkykS?kkr yqIr gksÅ ikgr vkgsr- rls gksow u;s ;kdjhrk R;kph iqUgk ekaM.kh gks.ks vko’;d vkgs dkj.k gh xk.kh yksdlkfgR;kpk ,d vueksy Bsok vkgs- ;k xk.;kaeqGs fL=;kP;k ekufldrspk vH;kl d#u R;k vk/kkjs ifjorZukps fctkjksi.k dj.ks lksbZLdj gksbZy dkj.k] ifjfLFkrh vuq#i ifjorZu gks.ks vko’;d vkgs- rlsp laLdrh lao/kZukrwu fL=;kaps ;ksxnku vH;klwu uO;k fi<hleksj ekxZn’kZd rRo Bsork ;srkr- rlsp HkqykckbZP;k xhrkapk ‘kks/k ?ksÅu ladyu] laiknu d#u gGwgGw yqIr Bj.kkÚ;k ;k xhrkaps tru d#u izkfrfu/khd Lo#ikus egkjk”VªkP;k L=h thoukpk ,d fn’kkos/k ?ksrk ;srks- fL=;kaP;k loZlekos’kd Hkwfedspk jk”Vªh; Lrjkoj fopkj djrk ;srks- rlsp L=hps nq%[k vkf.k fL=thoukph O;kidrk] fL=;kaP;k leL;k letwu ?ksowu fL=;kP;k fodklklkBh fn’kkfnXn’kZu djrk ;srs- lanHkZ 1½ oÚgkMikaMs olrjko & ukxiqjh cksyh] i-dz-350 2½ okdksMs e/kqdj & yksd/kkVhP;k ofgokVh] i-dz- 115- 3½ okdksMs e/kqdj & yksd/kkVhP;k ofgokVh] i-dz- 115- 4½ baxksys izfrek & yksdxhr] izsj.kk o Lo#i ¼vizdkf’kr izca/k½ 5½ okdksMs MkW- e/kqdj & yksdxhr vkf.k tkuinxhrs] izsj.kk izfdz;k vkf.k izokg] i-dz-149] 150-




?kVLQksVkph dkj.ks o eqykaoj gks.kkjk ifj.kke izk-dYiuk dksjMs

x`gvFkZ’kkL= foHkkx izeq[k f’ko’kDrh egkfo|ky;] ckHkqGxkao] ft- ;orekG

lkjka’k fookg gs lektkus ?kkyqu fnysys ca/ku vkgs- ijarq dkgh O;Drhauk gs ca/ku tkpd okVrs- ifj.kkeh v’kk O;Drh lkekthd fu;ekuqlkj oSokghd ca/ku rksMrkr ;kpkp ?kVLQksV Eg.krkr- irh&iRuhus ?kVLQksV ?ksrY;kuarj R;kaps eqykaoj ifj.kke gksrkr- ikf’pekR; ns’kkr o eqLyhe lektkr ?kVLQksVkph izFkk gksrh] fganq lektkr 20 O;k ‘krdkr fo’ks”k ekU;rk uOgrh ijarq Lokra«;kuarj ?kVLQksVkyk pkyuk feGkyh- l/;k fganq lektke/;s ?kVLQksVkps izek.k ok<r vkgs- îks;su* ;k vH;kldkus l/;k njo”khZ gtkjksauh ?kVLQksVklkBh [kVys uksafnoys vkgs vls ueqn dsys- cht’kCn ?kVLQksV] Hkkjr] okn] fookg] izek.k] HkkaM.ks ?kVLQksVkps izek.k Ikkf’pekR; ns’kkP;k rqyusr Hkkjrkr izek.k Qkjp deh vkgs- iq.ks flOghy dksVZ ;kaP;k la’kks/kukRed fu”d”kkZuqlkj

Ok”kZ ?kVLQksVkph la[;k vtZ 1988 193 1989 215

1 tkus- 90 rs 26 tqyS 90

126

ukf'kd ftYgk thgnk dksV Ok”kZ ?kVLQksVkph la[;k vtZ 1988 112 1989 131

1 tkus- 90 rs 26 tqyS 90

72

?kVLQksV izdzh;k Dkgh tksMI;kr dkgh osGk vuis{khri.ks fofp= ifjfLFkrh fuekZ.k gksrs- irh&iRuhr folaokn gksrkr dkgh irh&iRuh vlek/kkuh vlrkrk R;kaP;kr okn fookg eksM.;kpk dkj.khHkqr Bjrkr

dk;ns’khj ?kVLQksV Hkkouhd ?kVLQksV ‘kq”d uhjl fookg fookgkcÌy Hkezfujl




lq[kh@lek/kkuh tksMis ulkos nq%[kh vlek/kkuh tksMis folaxokn o vkilkr

xSjlet] nq%[k vkFkhZd ckch

O;lu ofjy ifjfLFkrhr gksrkr- ?kVLQksVkps eqykaoj gks.kkjs ifj.kke 1950 rs 1960 e/khy ekul’kkL=Kkauh dqVwackrhy ifjfLFkrhpk ckyxqUgsaxkjh’kh laca/k vH;klyk R;kauk xqUgsxkj izoRrhph 1½ ?kVLQksVhr dqVwac 2½ irh&iRuh osxGs jkg.kkjh eqys 3½ fo/kok fookg i.k 70% rs 80% eqys ?kVLQksVhr

dqVwach; gksrh- fdaXlys MsfOgl ;kauh vkiY;k la’kks/kukrwu vlk fu”d”kZ fu?krks dh lrr HkkaM.kk&;k irh&iRuhps eqykaoj ekulhd ifj.kke gksrks- eqykauk lqjf{kr okVr ukgh- ^xqMs* ;k rKkP;k ers ?kVLQksVhr ?kjkrhy ckydkyk lektkr tkLr vMp.kh ;srkr R;kps orZu loZlk/kkj.k ckydkais{kk osxGs vlrs- ?kVLQksV ?ksrysY;k ckydkaoj okbZV ifj.kke gksrkr- eqykaps o; o ?kVLQksVkps ifj.kke ?kVLQksVkpk eqykaoj gks.kkjk ifj.kke R;kaP;k o;koj voyacqu vlrks vls vusd rKkauk vusd vH;klkrqu vk<Gwu vkys- d½ 0 2 rs 2 o”ksZ %& ;k o;krhy eqys fodkl voLFkse/;s vlrkr tUeiqoZ voLFksrhy] uotkr voLFksrhy vkf.k ‘kS’kokLFksrhy gh voLFkk vkgs- ?kjkrhy la?k”kkZeqGs vkbZyk =kl gksrks] Hkkouhd rk.k ;srks ;kpk vizR;{k eqykaoj gksrks- ;k voLFksrhy ckyds vkbZP;k nq%[kkyk jkxkpk izrhfdz;k nsrkr R;keqGs ‘kkjhfjd LokLFk fc?kMrs R;keqGs ey]eq= foltZu izdzh;soj ifj.kke gksrks- dzkUVlj ;kauh 1975 e/;s dsysY;k la’kks/kukr vlk fu”d”kZ dk<yk dh ?kVLQksVkeqGs ckykdkaP;k vkbZe/;s fuekZ.k >kysY;k ekulhd r.kkokeqGs ygku ckydkP;k vusd izfrfdz;ke/;s vMFkGs fuekZ.k gksrkr o jkax.ks] pky.ks b- dzh;kapk fodkl m’khjk gksrks- ekulhd LokLFk fBD >kY;koj fodkl iqUgk gksrks- 2 rs 5 o”ksZ %& ;k o;k sxVkrhy eqys iq.kZ ‘kkys; oSdkfld voLFksrhy letyh gkrs- ;k o;krhy eqykauk ?kVLQksV Eg.kts dk; ;kpk vFkZ dGr ukgh- ijarq vkiY;k vorh Hkorh vkbZ izek.ks ckckgh vlrkr o g;k nks?kkaf’kagh vkiyh dkghrjh cka/khydh vkgs R;keqGs vlqjf{kr okVrs- tsOgk vkbZ oMhykaph HkkaM.ks gksrkr rsOgk rs ?kkcjrkr] vkbZ oMhykaiSdh ,dt.k fnlr ukgh rsOgk rs ?kkcjrkr ikydkauk dk; >kys vlsy fdaok e`R;w >kyk dk; \ ;k laHkzekr vlrkr- ;keqGs Hkkouhdn”V;k vlqjf{kr okVrs- eyeq= foltZukojhy rkck lqVrks- vusd ckyd vkbZ oMhykauk fHkowu jkgrkr ckgsj [ksGk;yk tk.;kl ?kkcjrkr R;keqGs ikydkauk f’k{kk djkoh ykxrs R;keqGs ekulhd LokLFk fc?kMrs- 5 rs 14 o”ksZ %& ;k o;krhy eqys ‘kkys; voLFksr vlrkr- vkiY;k ikydkae/;s dkgh fculys gs HkkaMrkr gs R;kauk dGrs- vkiY;k vkbZ oMhykauk dkgh leL;k vkgs rs ?kVLQksVkuarj osxGs jkg.kkj vkgs gs R;kauk dGrs- vH;kldkaP;k ers v’;k ckydkauk lek;kstu dj.ks dBh.k tkrs- iq”dGnk eh= fpMorkr- vkiY;k ?kjkr dkghrjh ?kMr vkgs ;kph ykt okVrs-




;kaP;k vH;klkuqlkj ;k o;krhy eqykauk Lo ph tk.kho gksrs - ?kVLQksVkP;k ifjfLFkrheqGs R;kaP;k Loizrhesyk /kDdk iksgprks R;kpizek.ks ikydkiSdh ,dkph cktq rs fdR;sdnk ?ksrkr R;keqGs nql&;k ikydkfo”k;h jkx] Ons”k] oSj ;kaP;k eukr fuekZ.k gksow ‘kdrkr- dkj.k R;kauk vls okVrs ;k ikydkeqGs ?kVLQksV ?kMyk- dkgh ckyds vkiY;k vkbZ oMhykauk ,d= vk.k.;kpk iz;Ru djrkr dkgh mukMi.kk] ckyxqUgsxkjh izoRrh cGdkors- 14 rs 18 o”ksZ %& LihvlZ ;kaP;k vH;klkr vls vk<Gys dh] vkbZ oMhykaP;k ?kVLQksVkeqGs >kysys lq:okrhps nq%[k vkslj.;koj fd’kksjo;hug s ?kMysY;k xks”Vhpk oLrqfu”Bi.ks fopkj d: ‘kdrkr o vkiY;k vkbZ oMhykauk letqu ?ks.;kpk iz;Ru djrkr- R;kaP;kr fuf’pr dk; ?kMys vlkos ;kfo”k;h fopkj djrkr \ ?kVLQksV dk ?kMkok \ dks.kkpk nks”k gksrk \ nks?kkaiSdh ,d fdaok nk s?ksgh okbZV vkgsr dk \ O;kfHkpkj Eg.kts dk; \ ek÷;k vkbZoMhyk a fo”k;h ek>s Lor%ps dk; er vkgs \ oxSjs vusd iz’ukph mRrjs ‘kks/k.;kpk eqys iz;Ru djrkr R;kauk vkiY;k iz’ukphmRrjs lkiMrkr rsOgk vkbZ oMhykaukiklwu HkkofudfjR;k nqj xsysyh vlrkr o vkiY;k leL;sdMs vyhIri.k s ikgw ‘kdrkr vls osLyh vkf.k ysLoh ;kaps er vkgs- o; fdaok ?kVLQksVkps ifj.kke ;kckcr >kysY;k la’kks/kukr vls vk<Gys dh] tMlu ykWYMZl ;kaP;kers rj okWlu LVsu vkf.k oslh 1980 ;kaP;k vH;klkpk fu”d”kZ eqy tltls ok<rs rlrls ifj.kkekps xkaHkh;Z ok<rs- eqykaps O;DrheRo vkf.k ?kVLQksVkps ifj.kke %& ?kVLQksVkP;k ifj.kkekph frozrk eqykaP;k O;DrheRokoj cjhp’kh voyacqu vlrs- fdR;sd vH;klkr vls vk<Gwu vkys dh] eqykaph laosnu {kerk ftrdh froz vlsy frrdh ifj.kkeph frozrk vf/kd vlrs- eqykapk vfHkeku R;kaP;k Lor%pk ,d Hkkx vlrks R;kapk LokfHkeku nq[kkorks R;kauk vkbZ oMhykaP;k ?kVLQksVkph ykt okVrs- T;k ckydkaph fujh{k.k ‘kDrh deh vlrs R;kauk vkiys dqVwac nql&;kis{kk fHkUu vkgs ;kph tkf.ko gksrs brj eqys vkbZ&oMhykaP;k gkrkr gkr ?kkyqu pkyrkr- vkiY;k ?kjkr eqykapk ltk nsrkr tx.;kph /kMiM o laLdkj ?kMforkr i.k vkiY;kyk rs feGr ukgh ;kpk ifj.kke ekulhd LokL;koj gksrks- MCY;q- vk;-FkkWel ;kauh EgVY;kizek.ks ckykdkaP;k pkj eqys xjtk ?kVLQksVhr ?kjkr iq.kZ gksr ukgh R;k Eg.kts ufou vuqHko] lqjf{krrk izfrlkn laosnuf’kyrk ;k iqjoY;k u xsY;kus R;kpk ------------------------ fnlrs v’kh dkyds orZu leL;k] Hkkofud la?k”kZ] xqUgsxkjh oRrh b- fuekZ.k gksow ‘kdrs-

dkgh la’kks/kukr vk<Gysys ?kVLQksVkps izek.k o izek.kn’kZd rDrs




lanHkZ xzaFk 1½ oSokghd laca/k o lek;kstu & f=os.kh QjdkaMs 2½ lkekthd leL;k & ?kkVksGs 3½ oSokghd lek;kstu vkf.k ekxZn’kZu & ;’koarjko pOgk.k eqDr fo|kihB- 4½ Divorce stastics in India 2016 - website




fldy lsy ¼vWfufe;k½ izk- ljkst ;knojko y[kfnos

lg;ksxh izk/;kid] x`gvFkZ'kkL= foHkkx izeq[k]

bafnjk egkfo|ky;] dGac] ft- ;orekG

xks"kokjk fldy is'khapk gk vktkj fldy is'kh jDr{k; fdaok MªsiWukslk;Vksflld ¼xzhd%Mªsius drepane- foGk] kytos dk;Vksl&is'kh ½ ;k ukokus vksG[kyk tkrk- vfyaxh xq.klw=kojhy vizHkkoh vtuqdkeqGs gk vktkj gskrks- rkacM~;k jDris'khapk vkdkj foG~;klkj[kk gksr vlY;kus is'khaph yofpdrk deh gksrs- ;keqGs xqarkxqar fuekZ.k gksrs- rkacM~;k jDris'khrhy gheksXyksfcu vuqdkP;k mRifjorZukeqGs rkacM~;k is'khpk vkdkj cnyrks- vls :X.k vYik;q"kh vlrkr- e/; Hkkjrkrhy egkjk"Vªkr dkgh fof'k"V tkrhae/;s vk<G.kkjk ,d vkuqoaf'kd jksx- ;kr jDrkrhy fgeksXyksfcups izek.k fc?kMqu xksy Lo:ikr vl.kkÚ;k jDris'kh lqekjs 120 fnol ftoar jkgrkr i.k ;k jksxxzLrkP;k QDr 30 rs 40 fnol- egkjk"Vªkrhy lqekjs 19 ftYgs ;k jksxkus izHkkfor vkgsr- fonHkk Zrhy ,dgh ftYgk fldylsyeqDr ukgh- yxrP;k e/.izns'k] vka/kz izns'k] NfRrlx< vkfn jkT;kri.k vlysyk gk jksx Hkkjrkrhy ,dq.k 12 jkT;kr vk<Gyk vkgs- fonHkkZr ;kps lqekjs 1-27 yk[k :X.k rj 25yk[k okgd vkgsr- lqekjs 46 tkrh ;kk jksxkus xzLr vkgsr- gk tUekiklqup gks.kkjk jksx vkgs- ;kr :X.kkps vk;q"; Qkj rj 17&18 o"kkZpsp vlrs- gk jksx iztksRiknukn~okjs iljrk s- ;kP;k jksxfuokj.kklkBh vkS"k/kksipkjkpk v/;kid 'kks/k ykxyk ukgh- vk.k[kh ,d egRokph ckc Eg.kts eysfj;kps izknqHkkZo tsFks vf/kd vkgs v'kk fBdk.kh fldyis'kh vktkj izkeq[;kus vk<Gyk vkgs-

cht'kCn & fIygk] iaMqjksx] jDris'kh] fldyis'kh

izLrkouk fldy is'kh dk;Zdkj.k & fldyis'kh vktkj vuqdke/khy mRifjorZukeqGs gksrks- gheksXyksfcu sjs.kw nksu

cgqisIVkbMuh cuysyk vlrks- vYQk vkf.k chVk- chVk gheksXyksfcu cgqisIVkbM e/khy lgkO;k ØekadkP;k tyLusgh ¼gk;Mªk sfQfyd½ XyqVkfed vfeuks vkEykph OgWfyu ;k tyn~os"kh ¼gk;MªksQksfcd½ vfeuks vkEykus ?ksryh tkrs- chVk Xyksfcu cufo.kkjs vuqd 11O;k xq.klw=koj vlrs- lkekU; ghyksXyksfcuP;k fufeZrhlkBh nksu vYQk vkf.k nksu chVk gheksXyksfcu cgqisIVkbMph vko';drk vlrs- dsoG lgkO;k vfeuks vkEykP;k cnykeqGs ifjljkr vkWfDltups izek.kdeh vlY;kl gheksXyksfcu js.kwpk vkdkj cnywu rk s nk= ¼fldy½ vkdkjkpk &foG~;klkj[kk gksrks - ;keqGs is'khpk vkdkj foG;klkj[kk gksÅu is'khph fLFkfrLFkkidrk deh gksrs- fldylsy vktkjkrhy izeq[k fodkj jDris'khe/khy fLFkfrLFkkidrk cny.;kph lacaf/kr vkgs- lkekU; jDris'kh yofpd vlY;kus lw{ejDrokfgU;ke/kwu lgt vkdkj cnywu okgwu usyh tkrs- fldylsy vktkjke/;s vkWfDltu deh izek.kkr miyC/k vlY;kl jDris'khapk vkdkj foG~;klkj[kk gksrks- leqnzlikVhiklwu vf/kd mapkoj vlk ifj.kke Rofjr gksrks- vkWfDltups izek.k lkekU; >kY;kuarj ;k is'khapk foG~;klkj[kk vkdkj iwoZor gksr ukgh- ifj.kkeh lw{e jDrokfgU;k vf/kd v:an gksÅu fldy is'khaP;k vMFkG~;keqGS mrhuk vkWfDltupk iqjslk iqjoBk gksr ukgh- ;k izdkjkl oS|dh; ifjHkk"ksr ^b'psfe;k* Eg.krkr- jDris'khaP;k derjrls; îaMqjksx* vWefufe;k Eg.krkr- jDris'khaps eksB~;k izek.kkr fo?kVu >kys Eg.kts iaMqjksx gk srks- vkdkj cnyysY;k is'kh Iyhgse/;s u"V dsY;k tkrkr- vfLFkeTtse/;s uO;k jDris'kh lrr r;kj gksr vlrkr- lkekU; jDRis'khaps vk;q"; 120 fnolkaps vlrs- i.k fldy is'kh QDr 10&12 fnolp jDrizokgke/;s jkgw 'kdr vlY;kus vfLFkeTtse/khy uO;k is'kh R;kaph tkxk ?ksÅ u 'kdY;kus jDris'khaph derjrk gksÅu iaMqjksx




gksrks- ekuoh jDris'khe/;s gheksXyksfcu ^,* vlrs- gheksXyksfcu , e/;s nksu vYQk vkf.k nksu chVk cgqisIVkbM vlrkr- gheksXyksfcupk vk.k[kh ,d izdkj ,2 e/;s nksu vYQk vkf.k nksu chVk cgqisIVkbM vlrkr- gheksXyksfcu ,Q nksu vYQk vkf.k nksu xWek cgqisIVkbMuh cuysys vlrs-96&97 VDds jDris'khe/;s gheksXyksfcu , vlrs-

fldy is'kh vktkjkeqGs mõ.kkjs fodkj fldy is'kh vktkjkeqGs gks.kkjh usgehph xqarkxqar Eg.kts jDr{k; ^c fufe;k* ;kpk ifj.kke

jDrokfgU;ke/;s vMFkGk ;s.ks- Iyhgk ;k vo;oke/;s jDRis'khaps fo?kVu gksrs- fldy is'kh vktkjkr Iyhgsoj vfr rk.k iMY;kus Iyhgk eksBh gksrs - jDrfo?kVuke/;s vMFkGs fuekZ.k gksrkr- ds'kokfgU;ke/kwu fldy is'kh lqjGhri.ks okgwu usY;k tkr ulY;kus jDr vojks/k fuekZ.k gksrks- ;kP;k ifj.kkekus osnuk[ vkf.k jDrizokg vojks/kkeqGs mrhuk'k gksrks- osnuk'kkeds ?ksrY;kuarj fdjdksG rØkjh nwj gksrkr- rhoz osnuk Fkkaco.;klkBh vksfi;e ¼vQw½ oxhZ; vkS"k/kkapk okij djkok ykxrks- QqQ~Qqls vkf.k f'kLuke/khy jDrokfgU;ke/;s vMFkGk vkY;kl rkrMhus mipkj djkos ykxrkr- Iyhgse/khy xqarkxqar v:an jDrokfgU;k vkf.k Iyhgse/kwu jDr okgwu us.;ke/khy vMFkG;keqGs fldyis'kh vktkj >kysY;k O;Drhph Iyhgk usgehis{kk eksBh gksrs- dqekj o;ke/;s Iyhgk eksBh >kY;kps y{kkr ;srs- v'kk osGh Iyhgk 'kLrfØ;sus dk<wu VkdY;kl ftok.kawpk lalxZ gks.;kph 'kDrrk ok<rs- T;k :X.kkaph Iyhgk dk<wu Vkdyh vkgs v'kk :X.kuk ylhdj.k vkf.k izfrtSfod ;kapk mipkj tUeHkj ?;kok ykxrks- Iyhgk eksBh gks.ks osnuktU; vlrs- Iyhgse/;s lkBysys jDr ,d,dh ckgsj vkY;kus jDrjlkps ¼Iyk>ek½ izek.k deh gksrs- jDris'kh vkf.k jDrjl ;kaps xq.kksRrj 15 VDD;kuh deh gks.ks gs /kksdknk;d Bjrs- iksV gkrkus pkpiY;kl dMd ykxrs- ,d nksu rklkr ;koj mipkj u dsY;kl :X.k nxkorks- d/kh d/kh ckgs:u :X.kkl jDr n~;kos ykxrs-

fldyis'kh vktkjkeqGs jDr{k; :X.kke/khy jDr{k;] 'kfDrikr vkf.k ukMh izfr fefuVkl 'kaHkjgwu vf/kd gks.ks- gs y{k.k ân;kph xfr

ok<Y;kps vkgs- v'kk osGh iWjOgk;jc ch 19 ;k fo"kk.kw lalxkZeqGs rkacM~;k is'khapk uk'k gksrks- nksu rs rhu fnolkr rkacM~;k is'kh r;kj gks.ks iw.kZi.ks Fkkacrs- lkekU; O;Drhe/;s ;k fo"kk.kweqGs Qkjlk ifj.kke gksr ukgh- i.k fldy is'kh vktkj >kysY;k :X.kke/;s xaHkhj fLFkfr mõrs- lkekU; O;DrhP;k vfLFkeTtse/;s uO;k rkacM~;k is'kh r;kj gksrkr- R;k iw.kZi.ks r;kj >kY;kf'kok; jDrizokgke/;s ;sr ukghr- fldy is'kh vktkjke/;s vifjiDo jDris'kh jDrizokgke/;s vk<G.ks gh xaHkhj fLFkfr vkgs- vifjidro jDris'khl jsfVD;qykslkbV Eg.krkr- fldyis'kh :X.kke/khy gheksXyksfcu deh >kY;kps vk<GY;kl jsfVD;qykslkbVlph la[;k ekstwu mipkj Bjokos ykxrkr- gs lkekU; is'khapk >ikV~;kus Úgkl gksr vlY;kps y{k.k vkgs- ;keqGs jDrke/hky gheksXyksfcups izek.k deh gksrs- :X.k iwoZor gks.;kl pkj fnol rs ,d vkBoMk ykxrks- dkgh :X.kkuk jDr n~;kos ykxrs- fldy is'kh vktkjkps o;kP;k lgkO;k efgU;ke/;s fnl.kkjs lokZr izkFkfed y{k.k Eg.kts gkrk ik;kP;k cksVkaph vkx gks.ks- Nkrhr nq[k.ks[ rki] 'olukl vMFkGk] U;weksfu;klkj[kh y{k.ks] vfLFkeTtse/;s xqBG~;k] v'kk O;k/khauk rksan n~;kos ykxrs- 'kks/k % ;k jksxkps vfLrRo loZizFke lu 1910 e/;s vesjhdsr fl/n >kys- Hkkjrkr lu 1952 rj fonHkkZr lu 1958

e/;s- izdkj % fldylsy okgrd- flydlsy fMlht

y{k.ks % jDrkYirk vaxkr ckjhd rki vl.ks




yodj Fkdok ;s.ks d/kh d/kh lka/ks nq[k.ks Qkj dke lgu u gks.ks 'kjhjkoj gydh'kh lwt gyD;k'kk dkekus 'oklksPNokl ok<.ks ^^fIygk** oj lwt vl.ks MksGs fioGlj fnl.ks] ckgsj vkY;klkj[ks okV.ks dkohG gks.ks mipkj % fldylsy lewG u"V gks.;klkBh vkS"k/k vn~;ki miyC/k ulY;kps lkax.;kr ;srs

ljdkjh enr % egkjk"Vª jkT; 'kklukOnkjs :X.kkl vksG[ki= ns.;kr ;srs vkf.k 'kkldh; nok[kkU;kr eksQr jDr o vkS"k/kksipkj- tutkxrhlkBh dk;Zjr laLFkk % fldylsy lkslk;Vh vkWQ bafM;k

fldylsy dkGth vkf.k vkgkj 'kjhjkr jDrkpa izek.k deh gks.ka Eg.ktsp iaMqjksx- ;kyk baxzthr ,fufe;k vla Eg.krkr- ?kMkG~;kP;k

dkV~;kauk VkaxysY;k vkf.k dWysaMjP;k vkdM~;kauk cka/kysY;k gYyhP;k /kdk/kdhP;k thouekukr ,fufe;kpa izek.k fnolsafnol ok<rkuk fnlra- vk;qosZnkuqlkj vizkdr vkgkj ?ks.;keqGa ipukP;k leL;k fuekZ.k gksrkr fdaok 'kfjjkyk vko';d iks"k.kewY; u feGkY;kua 'kjhjkrhy jDRkkpa izek.k ?kVra- fo'ks"kr% vfrfr[kV] vkacV] rsydV] elkysnkj rlsp ipk;yk tM inkFkkZpa okjaokj lsou dsY;kua 'kfjjkyk iks"k.kewY; deh feGra vkf. vizkdr jDrkpa izek.k ok<Y;keqGs 'kfjjkr izkdr jDrkpa izek.k ?kVra- ,fufe;k gks.;kpa vk.k[kh ,d dkj.k ekufld vktkjkargh nMysya vkgs- lrrP;k Hk;] fpark] 'kksdkeqGsgh jDrkYirk ok<rs- vk/kqfud vkf.k eq[;Rosd:u ikf'pekR; ns'kkrhy [kk|laLdrhP;k vfrjsdkeqGs jDrkYirspa izek.k ok<w ykxya;- ;kpa eq[; dkj.k Eg.kts R;k R;k ns'kkrhy [kk|inkFk Z gs R;k ns'kkrhy i;k Zoj.k vkf.k HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkrhuqlkj frFkY;k ukxfjdkauk iks"kd Bjrkr ek= R;kpa va/kkuqdj.k djrkuk vkiY;k ns'kkrhy i;kZoj.kh; ifjfLFkrhgh y{kkr ?ks.ka xjtspa vlrs- vk/kqfud 'kkL=kuqlkj vkgkjkr yksgka'k deh vl.ka gsgh ,fufe;kpa dkj.k lkafxrya tkra- 'kfjjkP;k lokZFkkZu ok<hlkBh vko';d ikysHkkT;k] QGs] nw/k vkf.k nq/kkps inkFkZ vaMh] ekal] ekls [kk.ka fdR;sdnk vokLro egkxkbZeqGs xksjxjhc tursyk ijoMr ukgh- ;keqGs jDrkYirk ok<hl ykxrs vkf.k R;kpa i;kZolku 'ksoVh ,fufe;kr gksra- dkgh fnolkaiwohZ izfl/n >kysY;k fL=;kaP;k vkjksX;kckcrP;k vgokykuqlkj Hkkjrkr 80 VDD;kais{kk tkLr fL=;kauk vk;uZ MsfQf'k;Ulh vWfyfe;k ¼yksgkP;k derjrseqGs gks.kkjk vWfufe;k½ gksrks- txkrhy lqekjs 40 VDds fL=;kae/;s yksgkpa izek.k deh vk<Gya rj Hkkjrh; fL=;kae/;s yksgkpa izek.k 50 rs 52 VDD;kauh deh vlY;kpa leksj vkya- yksgkph xjt iq:"kkais{kk fL=;kauk rqyusus tkLr vlrs- eq[;Rosd:u fL=;kaP;k vkgkjkrya yksgkpa izek.k deh >kY;kl ekfldikGhP;k leL;kae/;s ok< gksrs- vkrM;kaP;k] tarkaP;k vktkjkargh ok< gksrs - v'kDri.kk] pDdj ;s.ks] Hkwd u ykx.ks gh yksgkpa izek.k deh gks.;kph eq[; y{k.k vkgsr- rlap ckGari.kkrhy fl>sjh;uuarj izek.kkis{kk tkLr jDrL=ko >kY;keqGsgh ckGari.kkuarj fL=;kaP;k 'kfjjkr derjrk fuekZ.k gksÅ 'kdrs- vHkZds vkf.k ygku eqykaP;k 'kfjjkrhy jDrkYirseqGs R;kauk rksy lkaHkkG.ks] fdaok ;ksX; dkyko/khr lqlaxr 'kkjhfjd gkypkyh gks.;klgh vMFkGs fuekZ.k gksrkr- jDrkYirsph leL;k vl.kkÚ;k ygku eqykaph ekufld rlsp cksS/nhd ok< [kqaV.;kph 'kD;rk tkLr vlrs- R;keqGs ygku eqya mRrjksRrj ,dydksaMh vkf.k ladqfpr euksoRrhph curkr-




ygku eqya yksgkpk ;ksX; lkBk ?ksÅup tUekyk ;sr vlrkr- ek= gk yksgkpk lkBk vkbZpa nw/k tksi;Zr ckGkP;k iksVkr tkra; R;kuarj dkgh fnolp iqjr vlrks- R;keqGs LruikukP;k dkGkr vkbZP;k jDrkrhy yksgkpa izek.k deh gksr tkra- R;keqGs ckGari.kkuarj vkbZyk yksgxq.klaiUu vkgkj ns.ka ØeizkIr Bjra- fdR;sdnk vko';drsuqlkj ckGari.kkuarj vkbZyk xksG~;kOnkjs yk sgkpk iqjoBk dj.ka xjtspa vlra-

fu"d"kZ fldylsy ;k vktkjkeqGs L=h o iq:"k ;k nksUIghaps o; deh gksrs- fldy is'kh vktkj >kY;kps ygkuikh

fnlqu ;srs- m".k izns'kkrhy eysfj;kpk izknqHkkZo tsFks vf/kd vkgs v'kk fBdk.kh fldy is'kh vktkj izkeq[;kus vk<Gyk vkgs- ;k vktkjkeqGs :X.kkl vusd O;k/khauk lkeksjs tkos ykxrs- o ;kpk 'ksoV e`R;qus gksrks- ikf'pekR; ns'kkrhy [kk|laLdrhP;k vfrjsdkaeqGs vkiY;k ns'kkr vfufe;kps izek.k ok<w ykxys vkgs- dkj.k R;k R;k ns'kkrhy [kk|inkFkZ gs R;k ns'kkrhy i;kZoj.k vkf.k HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkrhuqlkj frFkY;k ukxfjdkauk iks"kd Bjrkr R;keqGs [kk|inkFkkZps vuqdj.k djrkauk vkiY;k ns'kkrhy i;kZoj.kh; ifjfLFkrhgh y{kkr ?k s.ks vko';d vkgs-

lanHkZ http://www.tarunbharat.net/news.detail/nred-id/52250

http://www.tarunbharat.net/news.detail/nred-id/52262

uanqjckj ftYg;kyk ^fldylsy*pk foG[kk tqyS 15-2010 nhid dqGd.khZ&ldkG oRrlsok




ejkBhrhy L=hoknh leh{kk vkf.k L=hoknh dkO; izk- MkW- ohjk ekaModj

lgk- izk/;kid] ejkBh foHkkx lapkyd] MkW- HkkÅ ekaModj fjlpZ lsaVj

bafnjk egkfo|ky;] dGac] ft- ;orekG 445401

xks”kokjk tsOgk fL=;k fy[kk.kkrwu Lor%ps LoRo ‘kks/k.;kpk iz;Ru djrkr rsOgk R;kaps lkfgR; iq#”kkaP;k lkfgR;kis{kk osxGs Bjrs- fL=;kaP;k dknacÚ;karwu] dFkkarwu] dforkarwu R;kaP;k LoRokph tk.kho R;kauk d’kh >kyh] o”kkZuqo”ksZ vki.k dls nMiY;k xsyks ;kps Hkku R;kauh dls O;Dr dsys] ;kpk ‘kks/k ?ks.kkjh leh{kk Eg.kts L=hoknh leh{kk gks;- L=hoknkP;k vuq”kaxkus tk.kkÚ;k o L=hoknh v’kk dfork ;k ckcrhr ejkBhrhy ;ksxnku csrkps vkgs- vk/kqfudiwoZ dkO;ijaijspk fopkj dsyk rj vls y{kkr ;srs dh dof;=haP;k l`tukus nksu izdkjP;k /kkjk fuekZ.k dsY;k vkgsr- ,d /kkjk Eg.kts izkphu dof;=haP;k jpukaph o nqljh /kkjk yksdlkfgR;krhy ekSf[kd ijaijsP;k xhrkaph- /kkfeZd ekxkZoj ekxZØe.k dj.kkÚ;k lardof;=haP;k dkO;kpk vH;kl dsY;kl rRdkyhu ejkBh L=hoknkps lekt’kkL= o ekul’kkL= ;koj cjkp izdk’k iMw ‘kdrks - cht’kCn

L=hlkfgR;] LoRRo] L=hokn] leh{kk] L=hdof;=h] HkDrh] vkReHkku] Lokra«; izLrkouk

Lor%P;k osxGsi.kkph LoRokph tk.kho gh vktP;k dkGkrY;k lkekftd o lkaLÑfrd thoukrhy egRRokph o dsanzh; ladYiuk vkgs- gh LoRokph tk.kho nqgsjh vlrs- Lor%ps brjka’kh vl.kkjs ukrs lkj[ksi.kk vkf.k brjkagwu vl.kkjs osxGsi.k ;k nksUghapkgh rhr lekos’k gksrks- fL=;kauk gh LoRokph tk.kho ulrs fdaok th vlrs rh xeko.;klkBhp vlrs- fdacgquk dWjksfyu th- fgyczku Eg.krs R;kizek.ks iRuhRoklkBh Lopk R;kx gh fdaer |koh ykxrs- tsOgk fL=;k fy[kk.kkrwu Lor%ps gs LoRo ‘kks/k.;kpk iz;Ru djrkr- rsOgk R;kaps lkfgR; iq#”kkaP;k lkfgR;krwu osxGs Bjrs- fL=;kaP;k lkfgR;krhy gk osxGsi.kk ‘kks/kwu R;kph fpfdRlk dj.;kps dk;Z xsY;k dkgh o”kkZr dkgh L=h leh{kdkauh dsys vkgs- fL=;kaP;k dknacÚ;karwu] dFkkarwu] dfork arwu R;kaP;k LoRokpk ‘kks/k R;kauh dlk ?ksryk- R;kph tk.kho R;kauk d’kh >kyh vkgs o”kkZuqo”k sZ vki.k dls nMiY;k xsyks ;kps Hkku R;kauh dls O;Dr dsys] ;kpk ‘kks/k ?ks.kkjh leh{kk Eg.kts L=hoknh leh{kk gks;- fo"k; foospu L=hoknh lkfgR; ;k ladYiuspk mn; vkf.k L=hoknh leh{kspk mn; ;k nk sUgh xks”Vh L=heqDrh pGoGh’kh fuxMhr vkgs- txkP;k yksdla[;sP;k fuEE;k yksdla[;sP;k opZLokrwu nqlÚ;k fuEE;k Hkkxkph lksMo.kwd dj.;klkBh pkyysyk gk la?k”kZ ‘krdkuq’krds lq: vlyk rjh xsY;k dkgh o”kkZr R;kus ,d O;kid o loZad”k :i /kkj.k dsys vkgs- îk’pkR; ns’kkr L=heqDrh pGoG osxkus QksQkor xsyh- frpkp ,d Hkkx vlysyh L=hoknh lkfgR;leh{kk osxosxGîkk xks”Vhaoj Hkj nsr fodflr >kyh- baxzth L=hoknh leh{ksus fL=;kaP;k ‘kks”k.kkoj Hkj nsÅu ekDlZoknh nf”Vdksu Lohdkjyk- Ýsap L=hoknh leh{ksus fojpukoknh i)rh Lohdk:u Hkk”kspk ‘kks/k ?ksryk- rlsp ekul’kkL=h; cktwus ;k lkfgR;krwu meV.kkÚ;k ekufld dqpac.ksoj Hkj fnyk- vesfjdu L=hoknh leh{ksus ikBîfu”B i)r Lohdk:u vkfo”dkjkpk ‘kks/k ?ksryk-*1 ftyk L=heqDrh pGoG Eg.krkr frph lq#okr flekWu n cqOgk us fyfgysY;k *n lsdaM lsDl* ¼1949½ ;k iqLrdkiklwu lq: >kyh vls ekuk;yk gjdr ukgh- R;kaP;k ers iqq#”kkaP;k




lkfgR;kr L=hps ;Fkk;ksX; fp=.k vlwp ‘kdr ukgh- dkj.k iq#”kkauh fufeZysY;k o fuf’pr dsysY;k Bjkfod feFkps uequsp R;kauh jaxoyssys vlrkr- iq#”kkaP;k lkfgR;krwu fnl.kkjh L=h pqdhph] foi;ZLr Lo:ikph vlrs] frps fp=.k [kksVs vlrs- L=hph izfrekl`”Vh] Hkk”kk] ’kSyh fHkUu vlrs- iq#”k vkf.k fL=;kaP;k vuqHkokr ljG LoPN vlk Hksn vlrks- dkgh vuqHko rj iq#”k fdrhgh laosnu’khy vlyk rjhgh ;FkkFkZi.ks R;kaps o.kZu d: ‘kdr ukgh- mnkgj.kkFk Z cykRdkjhr L=hph ekufldrk] xjksnji.kkpk vuqHko] ekrRokph Hkkouk] eqyhph lkljh tkrkuk gks.kkjh ?kkyesy vls vusd vuqHko iq#”kkaP;k vuqHkod{ksP;k ckgsj vlrkr- Eg.kwup L=hoknh leh{kk gh fyaxHkkokP;k osxGîk tk.khosus gks.k s vko’;d vkgs- L=hoknh dkO; leh{kk ejkBh fL=;akps lkfgR; ;k fo”k;koj ppkZ djk;ph >kY;kl R;kr ejkBhrhy L=hoknh dkO;kpk fopkj dj.ks xjtsps Bjsy- vFkkZr ;koj vk{ksi Eg.kts L=hoknkP;k vuq”kaxkus tk.kkÚ;k o L=hoknh v’kk dfork ;k ckcrhr ejkBhrhy ;ksxnku csrkps vkgs- rjhgh L=hokn o L=hoknh dkO; ;kaph ehekalk dsY;kl ;k osxGîkk fo’okph ejkBh lkfgR;kyk uDdhp vksG[k gksbZy- ejkBh L=hdkO; izk/kkU;kus L=hy{;h vkgs- rlsp L=hoknklaca/khP;k vkiY;k dYiuk dkgh’kk vesfjdsP;k izHkkok[kkyh vkgs- L=hps loZad”k ‘kks”k.k O;Dr dj.kkjh] frps ?kMwu vkysys fdaok ?kMfoysys O;fDrRo’kwU; O;Drh:i] iq#”klRrkd jktoVhr vkej.k dksaMhr lkiMysys frps ft.ks] L=hP;k xkSjokpk Qlok Mko o R;krwu fuekZ.k >kysys feFkdkaps Mksaxj ;klkj[ks vusd xqUgs L=hoknkus iq#”klRrkd jktdkj.kkoj ykoys vkgs- ;k tkf.kokarwu O;Dr >kysys L=hoknh dkO; vH;klrkuk vusd fopkjizokg R;kr fnlwu ;srkr- HkDrhP;k vuq”kaxkus fL=;kaps l`tu vk/kqfudiwoZ dkO;ijaijspk fopkj dsyk rj vls y{kkr ;srs dh dof;=haP;k l`tukus nksu izdkjP;k /kkjk fuekZ.k dsY;k vkgsr- ,d /kkjk Eg.kts izkphu dof;=haP;k jpukaph o nqljh /kkjk yksdlkfgR;krhy ekSf[kd ijaijsP;k xhrkaph- ;kr ,d oSf’k”Vî BGdi.ks y{kkr ;srs] rs Eg.kts vk/kqfud dkGkr fL=;kauk ys[ku{ks=kr lqyHk izos’k uOgrk- i.k izkphu fo’ks”kr% lkaiznkf;d dof;=hauk v’kh dqByhgh vMp.k vkyh ukgh- egnack] eqDrkbZ] tukckbZ] lks;jkckbZ] fueZGk] dkUgksik=k] cfg.kkckbZ] os.kkckbZ] c;kckbZ ;kalkj[;k fHkUu fHkUu lkekftd ifjfLFkrhrwu vkysY;k L=h dof;=hauh e/;;qxhu HkDrhekxkZP;k vk/kkjkus vareZqDri.ks vkfo”dkj dsyk vkgs- izkphu dof;=hauh iafMrh dkO;kr fdaok ‘kkfgjh dkO;kr ek= dkefxjh ikj ikMY;kps fnlr ukgh- HkDrhekxkZrhy fL=;kapk vf/kdkj ek= loZekU; vkgs- rFkkfi HkDrhekxkZP;k ckgsjhy iafMrkaP;k vfHktuoxkZr vkf.k lkekU;tukaP;k cgqtuoxkZr fL=;kaP;k ys[kukyk frrdh’kh ekU;rk feGkysyh fnlr ukgh- vxnh 19 O;k ‘krdkP;k v[ksjhi;ZZr v’khp fLFkrh vkgs- HkDrhekxkZus funku /kkfeZd {ks=kr yksd’kkghph dkgh ewY;s :tfoyh- ;kpk Qk;nk rRdkyhu dof;=hauh mpyyk- R;krhy iaFkkaP;k vk|iokZrhy fL=;kapk lgHkkx] izfr”Bk o ys[ku gk L=hoknh pGoGhP;k n”Vhus vR;ar egRRokpk vk| ejkBh VIik vkgs- /kkfeZd ekxkZoj ekxZØe.k dj.kkÚ;k lardof;=haP;k dkO;kpk vH;kl dsY;kl rRdkyhu ejkBh L=hoknkps lekt’kkL= o ekul’kkL= ;koj cjkp izdk’k iMw ‘kdrks- êgkjk”Vªkr fL=;k nG.kdkaM.k djrkuk vksoh Eg.krkr vls êkulksYykl* vFkok ^vfHkyf”krkFkZfparke.kh* ¼b-l- 1929½ ;k xzaFkkr EgVysys vkgs- egkjk”VªkrY;k dohauh ;k Nankr jpuk dj.;kiwoh Z rh ?kjk?kjkrY;k loZlkekU; L=hiq#”kkauk ifjfpr gksrh-*2 vk/kqfudiwoZ L=hlkfgR; tjh nG.k o tkrs ;k ifj?kkr fQjr vlys rjhgh ?kjkrY;k v’kk lkanhdksiÚ;kae/;s tks R;kauh mtsM iljyk] rks R;kaP;k Lor%P;k eqDr izfrHkspk gksrk- R;kaps gs jpukfo’o R;kaP;k fu[kG ykSfdd ft.;kps fun’kZd vkgs- izkphu ejkBhrhy vKkr iafMrh dof;=hauk tks gDd d/kh ykHkykp ukgh] vkf.k HkDrhekxhZ dof;=hauk HkDrhekxkZP;kp d{ksrp tks gDd ejkBh dof;=hauk nG.k tkR;kP;k] rqG’khoankoukP;k vk/kkj s




ykHkyk- ijarq ;k e;kZnsr ek= R;kauk eqDr Lokra«; gksrs- L=hps ijkoyafcRo] O;Fkkosnuk] iq#”kh fdaok nSoh dìsus ykHk.kkÚ;k nqfeZG lq[k{k.kkaph vfHkO;Drh Eg.kwup R;k fu%’kadi.ks d: ‘kdY;k- ;k jpukarwu L=hoknh fonzksgkps lkSE; lwpd izdVugh R;kauh dsys- mijks/k] migkl] fouksncq)h ;kapk okij d:u eukrhy [kn[kn O;Dr dj.;kpk R;kauh ;ksX; ekxZ Lohdkjyk- ek= yksdlkfgR;kps ts eq[; oSf’k”Vî vkgs] rs Eg.kts vukfedrk- gh vukfedrk LokHkkfod gksrh dh yknysyh gk oknkpk eqn~nk vkgs- yksdlkfgR;kph gh ijaijk lkaLÑfrd opZLokrwu fuekZ.k >kyh gksrh vls Eg.kkos ykxsy- yksddof;=haP;k jpuk R;kaP;k ledkyhu HkDrhekxhZ dof;=haP;k jpukaizek.ks HkwtZi=koj dk gksbZuk] R;kaP;k ukokxkokldV dk izfo”V gksÅ ‘kdys ukgh gh fopkj dj.;klkj[kh xks”V vkgs- L=hoknh iquewZY;kadu vk/kqfud L=hoknkpk jks[k iq#”kiz/kku iwoZijaijsps Hk snd la’kks/ku o iquewZY;kadu dj.;koj vkgs- ;klkBh iwoZijaijsrhy ikS#”ks; lkfgR; o vikS#”ks; Eg.kts L=h lkfgR; ;kph lkaLÑfrd ok ok³~e;hu leh{kk miyC/k loZ lk/kukauh o i)rhauh dj.ks vko’;d Bjrs- gk dkghlk fojpukoknh nf”Vdksu vkgs- ;k n”Vhus lxGsp izkphu lkfgR; L=hoknh {k&fdj.kkauh riklk.;kph xjt vkgs- folkO;k ‘krdkrhy L=h dkO; L=hps folkO;k ‘krdkP;k lq#okrhps :i ikfgys rj rh d’kh fnlrs] rj izkiafpd lq[knq%[kkauk lkeksjh tk.kkjh] xhr o xk.ks ;karwu fojaxqGk o gkSl ‘kks/k.kkjh] ys[kukiqjrh mlar o Lokra«; ykHkysyh v’kh ,d dof;=h lkekU;r% ika<jis’kk oxkZrhy vYilarq”V v’kh fnlrs- v’kk L=hps n’kZu vkiY;kyk lq#okrhyk ^L=hxhr jRukdjk*P;k ikoZrhckbZ xks[kY;kaP;k :ikr gksrs- lk/kkj.kr% b-l- 1903 pk gk dkG- R;kuarj ^varx`gkrhy xhrs*] fyfg.kkÚ;k ljLorh fVi.khl] ^;equkrjax*P;k dR;kZ ;equk ukxiwjdj] îzseksn~xkj* dR;kZ vUuiw.kkZ nhf{kr] ^xhrf}ny* jp.kkÚ;k deyrkbZ ns’kikaMs b- ijaijsrhy dkgh vkjaHkhP;k dof;=h- ;k ijaijspk ,d ifj.kr vkfo”dkj y{ehckbZaP;k ^?kkxj* ;k dkO;laxzgkr >kY;kps fnlrs- ?kkxj gh izfrek fdaok izrhd ;k ijaijsrhy ekuq”kh dforsps ,d vFkZiw.kZ Hkk”; Eg.krk ;sbZy- gh ijaijk folkO;k ‘krdkrhy L=hdkO;kps ,d LFkk;h Lo:i v/kksjsf[kr dj.kkjh vkgs- lkalkfjd] izkiafpd vuqHko] R;k vuqHkokauk lalkjiwoZ vuqHkokauh ok tkf.kokauh fnysyh vkanksyus] R;krwu tk.ko.kkjh LoIus o LoIuHkax ;kaps rk.kr.kko vls dkghls R;k LFkk;h Lo:ikps ri’khy lkaxrk ;srhy- mRrjksRrj ;kp ijaijsr izkiafpd txkph cká :is] izfrds] izfrek] ;kar cny gk sr xsyk- rjh tkf.kokP;k xkH;kps Lo:i izk/kkU;kus Lohdkj’khy lgu’khy L=hRokpsp jkfgys- ^L=hoknh dof;=h* ;k Hkwfedsps ‘kDrh’kkyh Hkku R;kr vHkkokus vk<Grs- L=hP;k eqDrhps] ‘kDrhps o i;kZ;h O;oLFkkfufeZrhps L=hoknh vkReHkku ;k ijaijsr ukgh vls lkekU;i.ks Eg.krk ;sbZy- cfg.kkckbZ pkS/kjhapk izkÑfrd L=hokn 1952 e/;s cfg.kkckbZ pkS/kjhaP;k dforkaps laikfnr iqLrd izfl) >kys- cfg.kkckbZaph izfrHkk ,dk vLly HkwfedU;sps n’kZu ?kMo.kkjh vkgs- R;kaP;k dforkae/khy L=heu vf/kd eqDr] vf/kd fuHkZ; vkgs- l`”VhpØkrhy L=hiq#”k ukR;kps fu[kG izkÑfrd vkReHkku R;kaP;k dforsrwu O;Dr gksrs- ;k izkÑfrd vkReHkkukr L=h iq#”kkrhy lekurk o ijLijiwjdrk Bkei.ks x`ghr /kjysyh vkgs- Eg.kwup vk/kqfud ejkBhrhy L=hoknh dkO;kP;k okVpkyhr cfg.kkckbZaP;k dkO;kyk [kkl vH;kluh;rk o izLrqrrk vkgs- L=hiq#”k ukR;krhy uSlfxZd] tSfod uSfrd vlk tks lukru xkHkk laHkorks- rksp cfg.kkckbZaP;k jpuspk ik;kHkwr ?kVd vkgs- L=hoknkP;k vafre vkf.k lexz izfrekukr iq#”koxkZyk oxGwu pky.kkj ukgh- o gs [kjs vlsy rj cfg.kkckbZapk dkghlk laLÑfrlqlaxr uOgs i.k izÑfrlqlaxr L=hoknh vkfo”dkj fopkj.kh; Bjrks- rFkkfi cfg.kkckbZauk r’kh leFkZ ijaijk uarjP;k dforsr lkiMyh ukgh- gsgh frrdsp [kjs vkgs- L=hps O;DrhewY; vkf.k le”VhewY; ;kapk lqlaoknh esG uSlfxZd tSfod uSfrdrsP;k vk/kkj s iq#”koxkZ’kh ?kkyw ikg.kkjk L=hokn vls dkghls cfg.kkckbZaP;k Hkwfedslaca/kh Eg.krk ;sbZy-




egnack] eqDrkbZ] tukbZ o cfg.kkbZ ;kaps ;ksxnku cfg.kkckbZaP;k ;k vk/kqfud VII;ko:u FkksMsls ekxs oGwu ikfgys rj egnacsps /koGs] eqDrkbZaps rkVhps vHkax] tukckbZph jpuk vkf.k rqdksck f’k”;k cfg.kkckbZaph larÑisph lkdkjysyh okLrw ;k jpukaph ,d ejkBh L=hoknh y{k.kh;rk y{kkr ;srs- lkekU;i.ks ;k larizHkkokGhrhy lxGîkp L=hdkO;kus HkDrhekxkZP;k d{ksr jkgwugh R;kps ykSfddhdj.k dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- nsokps o nsoRokps ykSfddhdj.k dj.;kps eksBs Js; ;k izkphu dof;=hauk fnys ikfgts- ;kr tukckbZ vOoy Øekadkoj vkgs ;kr ‘kadkp ukgh- nsonsoRokps ,sfgdhdj.k gh L=hthoukP;k okLro fp=.kkph ,d ukeh L=hoknh DyIrh gksrh fdaok j.kuhrh gksrh vls Eg.krk ;sbZy- t.kw dkgh nsonsoRokP;k fe”kkus ;k dof;=hauh leLr iq#”koxkZykp /kkjsoj /kjys- ;k dof;=haP;k ltZu’khy vkReHkkukph fudM Eg.kwup R;kauh nsonsorkaps fu[kkyl ekuq”khdj.k ?kMowu vk.kys- jk/k sph izfrek fdaok ,dw.kp izkphu ejkBh lkfgR;krwu fuekZ.k >kysyh jk/kk gh ejkBh L=hoknkP;k tM.k?kM.khr eksBh eksD;kph izfrek vkgs- iqUgk ik S#”ks; lkfgR;krhy jk/kk vkf.k fL=;kaP;k jpukarhy jk/kk ;kapk lw{ei.ks rkSyfud vH;kl dsY;kl L=hoknkP;k ekaM.khl rks vR;ar midkjd Bjsy] vls okVrs- jk/kkÑ”.k ukrs gs iq#”klRrkd O;oLFksrhy L=heqDrh o L=h’kDrh ;k nksgksaps ,d vH;luh; izfreku vkgs] vls okVr jkgrs- jk/ksizek.ksp ehjsps izfrekugh vlsp vH;luh; vkgs- eqDrkckbZaps rkVhps vHkax gs ,d vuU;lk/kkj.k L=hmRltZu vkgs- cgq/kk txkrhy ok³~e;krgh R;kyk rksM ulkoh- L=hpk vlk/kkj.k vkReizR;; vkf.k iq#”kh drZRokP;k psrusph R;krhy ‘kDrh ;kapk gk Hkkok sRdV] okLro o rRoxHkZ vkfo”dkj vkgs- MkW- lnkuan eksjs Eg.krkr R;kizek.ks HkxoarkP;k xhrsbrdsp ;k eqDrkbZaP;k xhrsps egRo vkgs- eqDrkbZus pkaxnsokykgh nh{kk fnyh- L=hiq#”k ukR;kae/khy uSlfxZd uSfrd ewY;kaps Hkku ejkBhr rjh iq#”kkais{kk vf/kd izHkkohi.ks dof;=hauh O;Dr dsY;kps fnlrs- Hkkxor laiznk;kyk ,dk nsoky;kps :i ns.kkÚ;k lar cfg.kkckbZ- Hkkxor laiznk;kP;k leLr lardohaP;k drZRokyk ,dk izfresr cka/kwu ifo= vlk lk{kkRdkj ?kMfo.kkÚ;k cfg.kkckbZ Eg.kts L=hoxkZP;k ekufldrsps n’kZu gks;- L=hoxkZpk lkeqfgd usf.kospk ?kjkpk vkfnca/k gk usgehp eafnjkP;k nsoky;kP;k :ikus lkdkjysyk vlrks- rkVhps vHkax fdaok cfg.kkckbZaph lardÑisph bekjr ;k nksgksarwu L=hP;k lkaLÑfrd Hkkukps o ewY;n”Vhps uequsnkj n’kZu ?kMrs] R;k izfØ;sps egRRo v/kksjs[khr dsys ikfgts- lari.kkph ,d O;kid mnkl ladYiuk eqDrkckbZ fo’kn d:u tkrkr- R;k ladYiusyk vU;= dqBsp rqyuk ukgh- vk/kqfud ejkBh L=hoknkP;k n”Vhus ;k nks?khaph lkaLÑfrd xkso.kqdhph {kerk o oRrh ;kauk [kwip vFkZ vkgs- L=hP;k uSlfxZd gDdkaph o drZO;kaph vkf.k L=hiq#”k ukR;krhy r’kkp uSfrdrsph tk.kho vk/kqfud cfg.kkckbZaP;k fudksi jpukarwu O;Dr >kyh vkgs- 1980 uarjps dkO; folkO;k ‘krdkrhy L=hdkO;kpk L=hoknh n”Vhus ekxksok ?ksrkuk lk/kkj.ki.ks 1980 iwohZps L=hdkO; o 1980 uarjps L=hdkO; v’kh LFk wyekukus foHkkx.kh djrk ;sbZy- L=hoknh Hkwfedsps dkghls lqLi”V Hkku 1980 uarjps T;kaps dkO;laxzg vkgsr R;k dof;=hae/;s fnlwu ;srs- vFkkZr izdVi.ks Lor%yk L=hoknh Eg.kowu ?ks.kkÚ;k fL=;k nksupkj viokn oxGrk Qkj ukghr- jtuh i:Gsdj] efYydk vej’ks[k] vf’ouh /kksaxMs] uhjtk bR;knhaph ukos ;k vioknHkwr dof;=hae/;s ?ksrk ;sbZy- fgjk culksMs] izKk yks[kaMs ;kgh L=hoknkP;k cktwP;k fQ;kZnh dof;=h vkgsr- rFkkfi R;kaP;k fQ;kZnhyk nfyrRokP;k fonzksgkph cktw vkgs- [kjs rj 1980 uarjP;k dkGkrhy izR;sd dof;=h gh fulxZr%p L=hoknh vkgs vls lkekU;i.ks Eg.krk ;sbZy- vFkkZr R;kaP;k L=hoknh tkf.kokauk iq#”klRrkd O;oLFkk o ewY;kauk lexzi.ks udkj ns.kkjs] nkgd fonzksg O;Dr dj.kkjs Økafrdkjd rhoz Loj YkkHkysys ukght- L=hi#”k ukR;krhy vU;kî; fo”kerk] L=hps ‘kks”k.k] frph ijo’krk o ijkHkwrrk ;klaca/khps HkkokuqHkko gsp R;kaP;k jpukaps vk/kkj vkgsr- R;kP;k L=hoknh tkf.kok vkØed ulwu izfrdkjkRed vf/kd vkgsr- L=hRokps Hkku ti.kkjh vk/kqfud




dfork fyfg.kkÚ;k dof;=hae/;s vkrk Hkj iMrsp vkgs- vktP;k ;qxkrhy ;ksfxuh] vfLerk xqjo] dYiuk nq/kkG] ‘k’kh MaHkkjs] lquhrk mckGs] iYyoh pkS/kjh] js.kqdk [kksr] la/;k jaxkgh] usgk HkkaMkjdj ;kaP;k dfork jkse ¡fVdrps vkoj.k [kspwu ?ksr vkRe’kks/kkP;k okVsus fu?kkysY;k vkgsr- Lor%yk iq#”k ;k ikjaifjd dsanzkiklwu cktwyk dk<r vkiY;k tx.;kph dfork fyfgyh- vuqjk/kk ikVhy ;kaP;k dforsr ukR;kaph dksoGhd fnlrs- izKk n;k iokj ;kaP;k dforsr ,sfrgkfld n”Vhps Hkku vlysyh L=h fnlrs- dfork egktu ;kaP;k dforsrwu uksdj ekyd O;oLFksph dMoVi.k s gks.kkjh ekaM.kh fnlrs- la/;k jaxkjh] izfrHkk vfgjs] m”kkfdj.k vk=ke v’kk vusd dof;=haP;k dforkarwu uO;k Lora= eksdGîk leku ewY;k/kkfjr vodk’kkph ekx.kh iq<s ;srkuk fnlrs- lquhrk >kMs ;k dof;=hph dfork deh izek.kkr vlyh rjh vfr’k; rkdnhus R;kaph dfork O;Dr gksrkuk fnlrs- dkWeuoqeu vkReeXu ;k dkO;laxzgkrwu HkksorkyP;k gsykowu Vkd.kkÚ;k xks”Vh izdV gk srkr- in~ejs[kk /kudj dkO;k}kjs uO;k txk’kh laokn lk/krkr- ^frpk >xMk ^Lo*’kh vkgs- vkf.k ghp frph tesph cktw vkgs- rh dfork QDr fyfgr ukgh rj rh vkiY;k dforsyk lkaHkkGrs] dfork txrs- Lor%P;kp dfors’kh lrr frpk laokn pkyysyk vlrks- vkiY;k dforsph vkiY;k lkeF;kZph fryk iw.k Z tk.kho vkgs- Eg.kwup rh vkiY;k dforsr rksywu ekiwu ‘kCn okijrs-*3 1980 i;ZarP;k dkO;kps fo’ks”k 1980 iwohZP;k vk?kkMhP;k dof;=hae/;s lathouh ejkBs] bafnjk lar] ‘kkark ‘ksGds] in~ek xksGs] vuqjk/kk iksrnkj] f’kjh”k iS bR;knhapk lekos’k vkgs- ek= ;k dof;=halkscrp okVpky dj.kkÚ;k 1980 iwoZ L=hjpukdkjkaph la[;k eksBh vkgs- L=hoknkP;k n”Vhus ikgrk 1980 iwoZ L=hdkO;kph dkgh oSf’k”Vîs FkksMD;kr uewn djrk ;srhy- ifgys Eg.kts ;k L=h dkO;krwu O;Drhps O;fDreRRoewY; dVk{kkus ti.;kr vkys- L=hyk Lora= O;fDreRRo vlrs] rs eksykps vlrs] iq#”kkizek.ks frP;kr ekSfyd ltZu’khyrk vlrs b- xks”Vh ;k L=hdkO;kus fufoZokn izLFkkfir dsY;k o lektkdMwu R;kl vf/kekU;rkgh feGkyh- gh ekuq”kh dfork izk/kkU;kus êh*ph dfork vkgs- *vkEgh* ph ukgh- nqljs Eg.kts gs L=hdkO; iqUgk izk/kkU;kusp dGr udGr ledkyhu iq#”k dohaP;k izfrekukyk vuqlj.kkjs vkgs- izkphu dof;=haP;k fufeZrhph th ijaijk vkgs frP;krhy lRo/kkjkadMs gh dfork oGY;kps fnlr ukgh- frljh ckc Eg.kts 1980 iwohZph gh L=hjpuk lkekU;i.ks ika<jis’kk] e/;eoxhZ; oxkZrhy fL=;kauh dsyh vkgs- pkSFkh xks”V yksdok³~e;krhy yksddof;=haP;k dkgh ‘kSyhfo’ks”kkaps vuqdj.k ;k L=hdkO;kr vlys] rjh R;kr LokHkkfodi.k s meVysyk L=hle”Vhpk varukZn izrhr gksr ukgh- dof;=hi.kkP;k Hkwfedsojhy m?kM o Nqis vls lkekftd lkaLÑfrd fucZa/k iw.kZi.ks >qxk:u ns.;kps ,d ,sfrgkfld egRRokps dk;Z ;k dof;=hauh ?kssrys ;kr ‘kadk ukgh- ikpos oSf’k”Vî Eg.kts gh dfork L=hoknh ifjorZukP;k izsj.kkaiklwu r’kh vfyIr vkgs- iq#”k oxkZcn~nyps frps vfHkizk; izk/kkU;kus O;fDrxr ikrGhoj vFkZiw.kZ vl.kkjs ok Bj.kkjs vkgsr- L=hoknh jktdkj.kkP;k ;qfDroknkiklwugh gh ekuq”kh dfork vfyIr vkgs- ^’ksyk*] ^jkdk*] ^lalkj*] ô”kkZ*] êa>/kkj* ;k ’kh”kZdkao:u y{kkr ;srs dh ;k dkGkrhy dkO;/kkjk L=hoknkP;k vkOgkukiklwu Qkj [kwi nwj gk srs- lkekU;i.ks vls Eg.krk ;sbZy dh LoPNanoknkpk izHkko ;k dkO;koj vf/kd vkgs- L=hthoukP;k vfLrRokps o ijaijsps rhoz iz[kj Hkku okLrork o fparu’khyrk ;kaP;k cGkoj ;sÅ ‘kdrs- 1980 uarjps okLro o L=hizfrespk nqgsjh isp 1980 uarjP;k dky[kaMkrhy L=hdkO;kps L=hoknh tkf.kokaP;k n`”Vhus mn~cks/kd Bj.kkjs ,d vH;luh; vax vkgsp- [kjs rj ;k dky[kaMkrhy loZp dof;=h L=heqDrhP;k o L=h’kDrhP;k iqjLdR;kZ o izfriknd vkgsr- iq#”klRrkd O;oLFkk o ijaijk ;kauh xzklysY;k ?kjknkjkrhy L=hthoukph R;kauk izR;{ki.ks dYiuk vkgs- ;k nksu n’kdkar osxkus ok<r xsysY;k fL=;kaP;k pGoGh] laLFkk] la?kVuk] miØe] fu;rdkfyds] izpkjlkfgR;] fo|kihBh; L=h vH;kl dsanzs] izeq[k izlkjek/;ekauh L=hleL;kauk fnysyh fuR; uSfefRrd tkxk] jktdh; lRrsr L=hP;k lgHkkxklkBh izLrkfor dsysyh jk[kho tkxkaph rjrwn] f’k{k.kØekr fnysyk L=hthoun’kZukojhy Hkj] L=hf’k{k.kkP;k




[kkl lks;h loyrh vkf.k L=hP;k drZRo’kkyh iwoZijaijslaca/kh fofo/k i)rhauh dsys tk.kkjs lkekftd izcks/ku ;kalkj[;k vusd xks”Vhapk izHkko ;k dky[kaMkrhy ltZu’khy L=heukoj vkgs- L=hps ?kjkP;k lkanhdksiÚ;kr iMysys O;fDrewY; ,dk O;kid ifjiz s{;kr LFkkukarjhr dj.;kps Js; ;k dky[kaMkyk fnys ikfgts- L=hP;k ;k fodlu’khy O;fDrxr o lkaLÑfrd izfrekukpa dehvf/kd Hkku lxGîkp dof;=hauk vkysys vkgs- ;k dky[kaMkr fL=;kaojhy O;fDrxr o lkewfgd vR;kpkj] rkjkckbZ f’ka|kaP;k Hkk”k srhy ^L=hP;k eksguh :ikps cktkjhdj.k* o O;kikjh izn’kZu] uouO;k dk;Z{ks=kar izfo”V >kysY;k fL=;kaps Nqis o m?kM ySafxd ‘kks”k.k] fL=;kaP;k lkekftd Hkwfedkauk o vf/kdkjkauk gks.kkjk Nqik iq#”kh izfrjks/k ;kalkj[ks iz’u iq<s vkys o izlkjek/;ekauh R;kapk loZnwj cksyckyk dsyk- ;k uO;k ekuq”kh okLrokps L=hoknh fo’ys”k.k iqjs’kk rkdnhus ejkBhr gksr vlY;kps fnlr ukgh- L=hdkO;kr ;k okLrokps fp= meVrs] rs tGtGhr mRdV fu”ks/kkps- R;kr iq#”kh opZLokyk fu:Rrj dj.kkjs ;qDrhokn vkgsr- i.k rsgh fu”ks/kkP;k oG.kkpsp- L=hoknh iz.kkyhps dkghls eokG Lo:i R;krwu tk.kors- feFkdn`”Vh feFkdkaps rlsp bfrgkl iqjk.karhy ikjaifjd dFkkaps L=hoknh iquewZaY;kadu dj.;kps izdV Hkku 1980 uarjP;k L=hdkO;krwu tk.kors- ek= rs fparuh; vkgs- vls fnlrs dh lk/kkj.ki.ks ijaijkxr feFkdkapk :< lkpk o xkHkk ;k dof;=h t’kkpk rlkp Lohdkjrkr o R;krwu uos ;qfDrokn lknj djrkr- ^lkfo=h] ckbZ iqUgk ,dnk ;sÅu tk*- vls vkokgu uhjtk djrs- ¼os.kk & i”B 49½] rj ^’kacwdk] eh okV igkrs;* vlk lkaxkok izKk yks[kaMs nsrs- tkudh] mfeZyk] nzkSinh] jk/kk] ehjk] ‘kfeZ”Bk] ;’kks/kjk] dU;kdqekjh] ikoZrh ;kaP;k izfrekadukrgh ghp n”Vh fnlwu ;srs- feFkds o bfrgkliqj.kdFkk ;kauk eqGkrp lexzi.ks vkOgku ns.;kph o R;kekxhy iq#”klRrkd Mkoispkauk m?kM dj.;kph /kkjnkj ckSf)drk ;k feFkddkO;krwu vk<Gr ukgh- ;kekxs dkgh dkj.ks vkgsrp rFkkfi vo?kh feFkd ijaijkp ‘kadkLin dj.;kpk vkReizR;; ;k dof;=hae/;s [kwip {kh.k vkgs- ;k feFkddkO;kps Lo:i izk/kkU;kus dYid ;qfDroknkP;k n”Vhus rs dkO;kr dkghls laHkzfer voLFksrhy vkgs- eeZHksnd oSpkfjdrspk olk ?k srY;k[ksjht feFkddkO;k L=hoknkP;k y[[k mtsMkr ;sÅ ‘kd.kkj ukgh vls okVrs- L=hoknh izfrek o izfrds izHkko’kkyh L=hoknh izfrek ok izrhds fuekZ.k dj.;krgh 1980 uarjph L=h dfork iqjs’kh ety xkBw ‘kdysyh ukgh vls okVrs- ^foorZ* ¼izHkk x.kksjdj½] ^jDrdeGkaps jku* ¼’kSyk lk;udj½] ^n’kZufcanw* ¼vklkojh dkdMs½] ^rstLoyk* ¼T;ksRLuk pkanxqMs½ ;kalkj[;k dkgh vFkZiw.kZ izfrek L=hthoukph ijoM lkBowu Bso.kkÚ;k vkgsr- ek= ,dw.k euq”;laLÑrhlaca/khps jpukRed vls L=hoknh ,sfrgkfld Hkku gs L=hoknh dkO;kps vf/k”Bku gks;- ;k ckcrhr L=hoknh dfork Qkj deh iMrs vls okVrs- dnkfpr fofo/k izdkjP;k lkekftd oxkZarwu o Lrjkarwu iq<s vkysY;k ;k dky[kaMkrhy dof;=h v[ksj ,dk foLrr >kysY;k i.k e/;eoxhZ; d{ksrp vMdwu iMysY;k vlkO;krgh dksaMh lkekftd dk;ZdR;kZ oxkZrwup >kysY;k ok ;s.kkÚ;k dof;=hadMwu QksMyh tkbZy] vls okVrs- R;krgh dkgh fnyklknk;d vk’kkfdj.k fnlrkr- tls efYydk vej’ks[k ;kaph ^v’ok:< ;ks)k* gh izfrek ;sFks vkBors- L=hoknkps fu’kk.k ;k y<kÅ ikfo«;krhy v’ok:< L=hP;k [kka|koj vkgs- L=hoknh ,sfrgkfldrsps Hkku ;k izfresrwu Qkj izHkkohi.ks o okLro n”Vhus lwfpr >kys vkgs- ;k izdkjP;k l[kksy ,sfrgkfld HkkukP;k fodlukojp m|kP;k L=hoknh dkO;kps ;’k voyacwu vkgs- ;ko:u vls y{kkr ;srs dh L=hokn gk ,d u[kf’k[kkUr la?k”k Z’khy fopkjO;wg vkgs- ,d jktdkj.k vkgs- lq[ksuSo o LosPN fparueuukpk o vkfo”dkjkpk rks fopkjO;wg ukgh- ;k L=hoknkpk mn; euq”; laLÑrhP;k okVpkyhrhy ,d vifjgk;Z ,sfrgkfldrse/kwu >kyk vkgs- Eg.kwu rks ejkBh lekt o ltZu’khyrk ;kauk VkGrk ;s.kkj ukgh- vktojP;k iq#”klRrkd iznh?kZ ijaijsrp izcG O;fDreRRokP;k vk/kqfud drZRooku fL=;kauh :< pkdksjhckgsj




iMwu vkiys LoRRo izLFkkfir dsys- v’kk fL=;kaP;k izfrekukapk fpfdRld ikBiqjkok o /;kl ltZu’khy L=heukauh Lohdkjyk ikfgts- lkfo=hckbZ Qqys] rkjkckbZ f’kans ] vkuanhckbZ tks’kh] j[kekckbZ] dk’khckbZ dkusVdj] iafMrk jekckbZ ;kalkj[;k Fkksj fL=;kaph ;sFks vkBo.k ;srs- vkiY;k dof;=haps vkn’kZ vtwugh dGr udGri.ks iq#”kh vuqu; o vuqlj.k djhr vkgs vls okVrs- R;kpizek.ks ok<rk paxGokn tks dh iq#”klRrkd jktdkj.kkps viR; vkgs R;kpk /kksdk L=hoknkyk vkgs- fu”d”kZ 1- efYydk vej’ks[k ;kapk okGwpk fiz;dj gk dkO;laxzg L=hoknh tkf.kokaP;k n”Vhus ,d eksD;kpk VIik vkgs- 2- ôkGwpk fiz;dj* gh izfrek ikjaifjd L=heukrhy iq#”kizfrespk var dj.kkjh ,d lwpd izfrek vkgs- 3- L=hoknkyk ,d fonzksgh] vkØed v’kh cktw vkgs R;kpizek.ks lekursP;k o U;k¸;rsP;k ikrGhojhy iq#”k Lohdkjkph nqljh fo/kk;d cktwgh vkgs- 4- L=hoknh ifjorZukpk jFk L=hy{;h dkO; o R;kph L=hoknh ehekalk ;k nksu pkdkaojp xrh ?ksbZy- lanHkZ 1- x.kksjdj] izHkk o brj] laik-] L=hoknh leh{kk] ok³~e;hu laKk ladYiuk dks’k] x- jk- HkVdG QkmaMs’ku] eqacbZ] 2001] i- 359 2- nMdj] t;k o brj laik-] jpukca/kkaph fofo/krk] laf{kIr ejkBh ok³~e;dks’k] vkjaHkkiklwu 1920 i;Zarpk dky[kaM] th- vkj- HkVdG QkmaMs’ku] eqacbZ 2003] nqljh vkoRrh] i- lnql”V 3- lckus v#.kk] dforsps vkReHkku vkf.k fo’oHkku] vkdka{kk] nS- r#.k Hkkjr] fn- 14&07&2017] i- 3 lanHkZxzaFk 1 dqyd.khZ] Jh/kj jaxukFk] vksoh rs yko.kh] izkphu ejkBh inca/kph laxhr izsj.kk vkf.k ijaijk] dk- l- ok.kh ejkBh izxr v/;;u laLFkk] /kqGs 1992 2- iafMr Hk- Jh-] dkO;] ejkBh ok³~e;kpk bfrgkl] 4 Fkk [kaM elki iq.ks 1973




oSnHkhZ; dknacjhdkj iq-Hkk- Hkkos ;kaP;k Lokra«;ksRrj lkBiwoZ dknacjhrhy iszefo’o

MkW- iou ekaModj izkpk;Z] bafnjk egkfo|ky;] dGac] ft- ;orekG 445401

v/;{k] lar xkMxs ckck vejkorh fo|kihB ejkBh izk/;kid ifj”kn lkjka'k

oSnHkhZ; ys[kdkaP;k dknacjhpk mn; folkO;k ‘krdkP;k ifgY;k n’kdkr >kyk- Lokra«;ksRrj lkBiwoZ dky[kaMkr uk-jk- ‘ksaMs] HkkÅ ekaModj] x-«;a- ekaM[kksydj] iq-Hkk- Hkkos] iq-;- ns’kikaMs v’kk vusd ukeoarkauh dknacjh{ks= le`) dsys- Lokra«;izkIrhnjE;kuP;k dkGkr ?kMysY;k fofo/k ?kVukaps fp=.k dknacÚ;kae/;s mrjys- ;k dkGkr dknacÚ;kauh dje.kqdhoj] izsekoj] lkekftd leL;kaoj o jktdh; ?kMkeksMhaoj vf/kd tksj fnyk- ntsZnkj ys[kd Eg.kwu ukoktysY;k iq-Hkk- Hkkos ;kauh lektkrhy fofo/k ikrGhojP;k osxGîk vkf.k ân;Hksnd iz’ukauk vkiY;k dknacÚ;karwu okV eksdGh d:u fnyh- okLrfod R;kauh gkrkGysys fo”k; uohu gksrs ] vls Eg.krk ;s.kkj ukgh- rjh R;kaph okpdkaP;k eukpk Bko ?ks.;kph ‘kSyh vR;ar izHkkoh Bjyh- vikS#”kkP;k iRuhph tho?ks.kh dgk.kh] frph rMQM R;kauh ^vdqfyuk*e/;s o.kZu dsyh- i= i)rhpk okij d:u R;kauh dFkkuk;d vkiyh laiw.kZ dgk.kh fe=kyk dGor vkgs] v’kh jpuk dsyh vkgs- ô”kkZo* gh ,d Hkkoukiz/kku dknacjh vlwu izFkeiq#”kh fuosnu i)rhrwu rh vkdkjkyk vkyh- vBjk&ohlP;k o;krp th gksjiGyh] oByh o vk;q”;krwu mByh] R;k mn~/oLr >kysY;k L=hph eufoOgy dj.kkjh dFkk Eg.kts ô”kkZo*- ukf;dsP;k eukojhy ‘kjhjlq[kklaca/khpk rk.k brdk vlá gksrks dh rh fu#ik;kus ijiq#”kkdMs oGrs- frpk laiw.kZ lalkj mn~/oLr gksrks- iq-Hkk- Hkkos ;kaP;k izsefo’okr dsoG L=h&iq#”k ukR;kaukp LFkku vkgs] vls ulwu R;kr ekuorsP;k Hkwfedsrwu i'kw&i{kkaukgh frrdsp egRRo vkgs- iz sekps fofo/k jaxhcsjaxh iSyw R;kaph ys[k.kh fprkjr tkrs- fpjr#.k fo”k;] vlrkr] okpdkaP;k eukpk Bko ?ks.kkjh ‘kSyh okpdkaP;k ân;koj vf/kjkT; xktfors- cht’kCn

oSnHkhZ;] Lokra«;ksRrj] lkBiwoZ] izsefo’o] o”kkZo izLrkouk

fonHkkZps g-uk- vkiVs Eg.kwu vksG[kys tk.kkÚ;k ck-la- xMdjh ;kauh 1909 e/;s ^lq/kkj.kspk e/;dky* gh lkekftd dknacjh fygwu [kÚ;k vFkkZus oSnHkhZ; ejkBh dknacjhph lq#okr dsyh- Lokra«;ksRrj lkBiwoZ dky[kaMkrhy fofo/k izdkjP;k dknacÚ;kae/;s uk-jk- ‘ksaMs] HkkÅ ekaModj] x-«;a- ekaM[kksydj] iq-Hkk- Hkkos] iq-;- ns’kikaMs] oj[ksMdj] eqfDrcks/k] m)o ‘ksGds] fnudj ns’kik aMs] egktu] HkksGs] Vksaxks v’kk vusd ukeoarkauh dknacjhys[ku dsys vkgs- iq-Hkk- Hkkos ;kauh ts fofo/kkaxh ys[ku dsys] R;kr R;kaP;k dknacÚ;kae/khy izsefo’okoj cÚ;kiSdh ppkZ >kyh- fo”k; foospu

1947 rs 1960 ;k rikP;k izkjaHkkrhy vfr’k; egRRokph jktdh; ?kVuk Eg.kts Hkkjrkyk feGkysys Lokra«;- ;k Lokra«;izkIrhdfjrk ?kMysY;k fofo/k ?kVukaps fp=.k ;k dkyko/khrhy dknacÚ;kae/;s fnlrs- Lokra«;kuaarj fuekZ.k >kysY;k fofo/k leL;k ys[kd fprk: ykxys- fonHkkZr uk-jk- ‘ksaMs ;kauh lektlq/kkj.ksojhy dknacÚ;k fyfgY;k- HkkÅ ekaModjkauh iz’ufu”B dknacÚ;k fyfgY;k- ekM[kksydjkaP;k dknacÚ;karwu FkksMs izse] FkksMs jktdkj.k fnlw ykxys- oj[ksMdjkaP;k ys[k.khus foHkwfriwtsyk egRRo fnys- iq-;- ns’kikaMs nk’kZfud dknacjhlkBh izfl) >kys-




‘kjPpanz eqfDrcks/kkauh lkekftd lanHkkZauh dknacÚ;k ltoY;k- ‘ksGD;kaps ys[ku rj fofo/kkaxh gksrs- fnudj ns’kikaMs] ek-uk- HkksGs] uk-ds- egktu] ‘kjPpanz Vksaxks ;k ekU;ojkauhgh oSnHkh Z; dknacjh{ks=kr eksykph Hkj ?kkryh-

Lokra«;ksRrj lkBiwoZ dky[kaMkrhy dknacÚ;kauh dje.kqdhoj vf/kd tksj fnyk xsyk- iq-Hkk- Hkkos ;kauh lektkrhy fofo/k ikrGhojP;k osxGîk vkf.k ân;Hksnd iz’ukauk vkiY;k dknacÚ;karwu okV eksdGh d:u fnyh- ^vdqfyuk*P;k O;Fkk] vikS#”kkP;k iRuhph tho?ks.kh dgk.kh] frph rMQM R;kauh o.kZu dsyh- lektkr vxfrd >kysY;k O;Drhapk la?k”kZ R;kauh ekaMyk- ledkyhu lkekftd leL;k vkf.k iwohZiklwu pkyr vkysY;k lkekftd leL;k ;k nksUghauk leFkZi.ks ekaM.;kr Hkkos ;’kLoh >kys vkgsr- rls cf?krys rj R;kaps fo”k; uos uOgrs( ijarq vuqHko ?ks.;kph vkf.k okpdkai;Zar ikspfo.;kph R;kaph laié gkrk sVh okpdkaph eus lqé d:u Vkd.kkjh Bjyh-

okpdkaP;k eukph idM ?ks.;kps lkeF;Z R;kaP;k dknacÚ;kae/;s gk srs- os’;kdU;kafo”k;h izse vFkok vkReh;rk gk fo”k; oSnHkhZ; dknacjhyk uohu uOgrk- ^vdqfyuk* ¼1951½ dfjrk iq-Hkk- Hkkos ;kauh gkp fo”k; fuoMyk gksrk- i= i)rhpk okij d:u R;kauh dFkkuk;d vkiyh laiw.kZ dgk.kh fe=kyk dGor vkgs] v’kh jpuk dsyh vkgs- oS|dh; egkfo|ky;krhy uk;dkps fo|kFkhZ thou rs rks lalkjh iq#”k fdaok MkWDVj gksbZi;ZarP;k dkyko/khrhy ?kVukaps fp=.k ;kr vlwu Hkkoukaph p<rh deku jk[k.;kr ys[kd ;’kLoh >kys vkgsr-

izkjaHkh fe=kus fnysyk xq#ea= izek.k ekuwu uk;d fL=;ka’kh [ksGr vlrks- lqjaxk ukokph ,d os’;kdU;k uk;dkP;k thoukr ;srs vkf.k ^yXukps ewY; fnY;kf’kok; yXukpk ykHk* R;kyk nsrs- vkiys loZLo uk;dkoj m/kGrs- ek= frps izse lQy gksÅ ‘kdr ukgh- fujk’k gksÅu rh uk;dkP;k ekxkZrwu fu?kwu tkrs- ijr tsOgk frph vkf.k uk;dkph HksV gksrs ] rsOgk rks Mk WDVj >kysyk vlrks rj rh ‘kjhjfoØ;keqGs loZ laHkkfor jksxkauh xzLr vlrs- frP;k ;k voLFksyk vki.kp dkj.khHkwr vkgksr] vls uk;dkyk okVrs- R;kP;ke/;s vijk/khi.kkph Hkkouk ;srs- ,Ogkuk osG fu?kwu xsysyh vlrs-

i=i)rheqGs Ñf=ersP;k ca/kukr vMdysyh] izkjaHkh FkksMh mFkG okV.kkjh] ek= ‘ksoV vR;ar xaHkhj vl.kkjh gh Hkkoiw.kZ dknacjh okpdkauk vLoLFk d:u lksMrs] fopkj dj.;kl Hkkx ikMrs-

y-x- tksx ;kaP;k ers ^ ^vdqfyuk* gk okpdkyk ve;kZn vLoLFk d:u lksM.kkjk vuqHko vkgs- gh nqljh eukoLFkk izHkkoh gksr tkrs o R;keqGs dknacjhpk ntkZ ,dne mapkorks- rs ‘ksoVps vkrZi=] Hkkouspk rks vks?k d/khp lai.kkj ukgh vls okVrs- vijk/kkps izk;f’pRr ekxr e/kwps izse tls HkjdVr tkrs rls vki.k e/kwyk ,[kknk ekxZ lqpow ‘kdw dk ;k fopkjkr vkiys eu HkjdVr jkgrs- ,[kk|k uk;dkus ok oDR;kus vkiY;k dysph deky maph xkBwu ,dne Fkkackos Eg.kts tlk vuqHko ;srks rlk ;sFksgh ;srks-*1

iq- Hkk- Hkkos ;kaph ô”kkZo* gh 1958 lkyph vk.k[kh ,d Hkkoukiz/kku dknacjh- izFkeiq#”kh fuosnu i)rhrwu rh vkdkjkyk vkyh- ftFkwu dFkk lq: gksrs ] frFksp frph v[ksjgh gk srs vkf.k dFkkudkps ,d grk’k orwZG iw.kZ gksrs- vksY;k vkHkkGkrwu ftP;koj vfXuo”kkZo >kyk] vBjk&ohlP;k o;krp th gksjiGyh] oByh o vk;q”;krwu mByh] R;k mn~/oLr vk;q”;kph eufoOgy dj.kkjh dFkk Eg.kts ô”kkZo* gh dknacjh- T;k nsokus frP;k’kh ‘krRo dsys] R;k nsok’kh >xMrk >xMrk] R;k izkekf.kd] lnkpj.kh] HkkcMîk L=hP;k vk;q”;kP;k fBdÚ;k fBdÚ;k mMkY;k- ,dk vksaxG] ?kk.ksjMîk ek.klkph xGîkkr xGk ?kkywu vk;q”; O;rhr dj.;kps nqHkkZX; okVîkyk vkY;kus R;k lqanj lqdqekj lRpkfj«;kph gksGh >kyh-

ys[kd fdaok uk;d dqlqe isBs ;k fookfgr r#.khP;k laca/kkr ^pkj iq#”k tls okxrkr* rls okxrkuk fnlr ukghr- gk R;kapk HksdMi.kk fdaok nqcGsi.kk fuf’prp ukgh- T;k mPp vkn’kkZph R;kauh tksikluk dsyh] R;k vkn’kkZps n’;:i Eg.kts R;kaps okx.ks- isBs ofdykaph r#.k] lqanj iRuh uk;dkdMs vkdf”kZr >kyh] ;kr frpkgh nks”k ukgh- rh L=hyk iq#”kkfo”k;h vl.kkjh uSlfxZd vks< gksrh vkf.k isBs odhy iq#”k uOgrs- irhP;k ikS#”kghursrwup




frph ân;Hksnd ‘kksdkafrdk tUekyk vkyh- irhcíy rh Eg.krs] ^î.k R;kauk yXu djk;pa dkgh dkj.k uOgra- rjhgh R;kauh yXu dsya- ek>k xGk dkiyk- R;kauk okVya rs R;kauh dsya] R;kauh ,o<a iki isjY;koj frFkwu eh rjh vkrk iq.;kpa ihd dla dk<w\**2

frpk gk okeekxZ ;ksX; vkgs dk vlk iz’u uk;dkP;k laLdkjh eukyk iMrks- ek= vkiys eu eksdGs djrkuk rh T;k ‘kCnkar cksyrs] R;ko:u frP;k vxfrdrsph dYiuk ;srs- gk okeekxZ frus ‘kjhjkP;k LokHkkfod ekx.khrwu Lohdkjyk- rjh rh ckc fryk lrr Vkspr jkgrs- uk;dkyk rh fopkjrs] ß[kjap eh ikih vkgs dk gks\ dqarh ikih gksrh dk\ ‘kdqaryk ikih gksrh dk\Þ3 frP;k ;k oDrO;ko:u rh vfuPNsusp gk O;olk; djrs vkgs] gs y{kkr ;srs- iki dj.;kph frph bPNk ukgh] frP;k eukpk rks /keZ ukgh( ijarq fu;rhus frpk ljG thoukpk ekxZ can d:u Vkdyk vkgs- f’kok; frP;k lGlGR;k r#.k ‘kjhjkP;k uSlfxZd xjtk iw.kZ OgkO;kr] ghns[khy frph jkLr vis{kk vkgs- Eg.kwup rh uk;dkyk iz’u djrs] ßckbZyk ,d uojk rjh /kM vlkok dh ukgh\----- dk ftyk uqlrk ukokpkp uojk vkgs\ frus vkiya vfgY;k] nzkSinhpa Lej.k djkoa vkf.k tksfx.khlkj[ka jkgkoa\ dk jkgkoa frua tksfx.khlkj[ka\ dla jkgkoa\Þ4 vls iz’u fopkj.kkjh L=h papy] mFkG eukph ukgh] rj ys[kdkP;k ers rh pkfj«;’kkyhp vkgs- frP;k okx.;kcksy.;kr tks izkatGi.kk vkgs] R;ko:u fryk okbZV pkyhph Eg.k.;kl okpdgh /ktkor ukghr- d#.ksf’kok; vU; Hkkouk frP;kfo”k;h okpdkaP;k eukr fuekZ.k gksr ukgh- ifjfLFkrhP;k r.kkok[kkyh rh lrr okojrs- ikS#”kghu irhpk Li’kZ fryk udkslk gksrks - rks ek= fujFkZd frP;k vax>Vhyk ;sr vlrks- ys[kdktoG rh Eg.krs] ßrksp R;kapk Nan vkgs- T;k xkokyk d/kh tkrk ;sr ukgh] R;kph rs okV fopkjhr vlrkr- tkrk ;srk rs eyk [ksVrkr & R;kapk rks Li’kZ eyk vxnh lkslr ukgh- R;kapk Li’kZ >kyk Eg.kts eyk okVra dh ekÖ;k vaxkoj xVkj lkaMya- vlk esysyk ?kk.ksjMk Li’kZ >kY;koj dla okVra rs ‘kCnkauh lkaxwu dGk;pa ukgh- i.k vax vaxkyk ykxya Eg.kts eyk okVra dh ek>a ‘kjhj ?kk.khr ek[kwu fu?kkya] MkxkGya] eh eGwu xsys- vkf.k ex rks vksdkjh vk.k.kkjk Li’kZ iqlwu Vkd.;klkBh eyk rqeP;kdMs /kkor ;koala okVra- ;kyk rqEgh ikip Eg.kky dk\Þ5

frP;k cksy.;kr Li”VoDrsi.kk vkgs- izkatGi.kk vkgs- ,[kk|k mik’khrkik’kh fHkdkj.khizek.ks inj il:u tsOgk rh uk;dkdMs ,dknkp vaxlaxkph ekx.kh djrs] rsOgk frP;kfo”k;h lkgftdp n;kHkko fuekZ.k gksrks- R;kekx s vk.k[kh ,d dkj.k Eg.kts ys[kdkus frP;k eukP;k dksaMekÚ;kps o.kZu vR;ar rkdnhus dsys vkgs- vlá Hkkoukapk rk.k ftrdk dqlqeP;k vkf.k uk;dkP;k eukoj dknacjhHkj tk.korks ] frrdkp rks okpdkaP;k eukojgh gksrks - gk rk.k brdk vlá gksrk s dh rh T;kpk frjLdkj djrs] R;k nkcdsdMs fu#ik;kus rh oGrs vkf.k R;kyk loZLo viZ.k d:u R;kpk vadqj iksVkr okxors- ek= ;kph Hk;kud fdaer fryk ekstkoh ykxrs- frpk laiw.kZ lalkj mn~/oLr gksrks- uSlfxZd xjtsP;k iwrZrsph gh fdaer ikgwu okpd LrafHkr gksrkr- ;k dknacjhojhy x-fn- ekMxwGdjkaph izfrfØ;k vR;ar cksydh vkgs- R;kauh HkkO;kauk dGfoys dh] ßfnokGh vadkryh rqeph ô”kkZo* dknacjh loZizFke okpyh- dknacjh ,dne mRre lk/kyh vkgs- fo”k; Qkjp uktwd gksrk- rks rqEgh Eg.kwu ipfoyk- dknacjhrhy êh* ,dnk rjh isBh.kckbZyk izkIr Ogkok] vls okpdkauk okVr jkgrs- frps LoHkkofp= lgkuqHkwrh [kspwu ?ksrs ] frP;k ckcrhr uk;d ?kljyk vlrk rj okpdkaph eus eksgjyh vlrh- uhfroknkph dkl rqEgh v[ksji;Zar lksMyh ukgh o uk;dkps ik= ojoj vykSfdd okVys rjh rqeP;k ‘kSyhus rqEgh R;kyk ek.kwl dsyk vkgs- ejkBh ok³~e;kr gk fojGk uk;d rqEgh tUekyk ?kkryk vkgs- isBs fof/kKkP;k rksaMh ^gkse fMikVZesaV* gk ‘kCn rqEgh brD;k osGk ;kstyk vkgs dh R;k ‘kCnkP;k iqu#Drhus isBîkkaP;k LoHkkooSfp«;kps useds mlusi.k okjaokj Li”V gksr tkrs- dikVkekxwu ;s.kkjh ukf;dk vkf.k dkGîkk dq«;kP;k xGîkkrhy fpB~Bîkk FkksMîkk ^fQYeh* okVrkr] i.k rks dkgh nks”k uOgs-Þ6

1960 uarjP;k dkgh o”kk Zar iq-Hkk- Hkkos ;kauh ewyHkwr izoRrhaoj Hkj fnY;kps y{kkr ;srs- êkxa oGwu*] ^vMhp v{kjs*] ^tknwps ik.kh* ;k R;kaP;k uarjP;k dknacÚ;k- izse] ex rs L=h iq#”kkae/khy vlks] i’kq&i’kwarhy vlks fdaok




ek.kwl vkf.k i'kwae/khy vlks] tj eu%iwoZd mRdVrsus dsys vlsy rj R;kr vykSfdd lka Sn;Z izxV gk sr vlrs- ‘kjhjlq[kkP;k ykylsus dsysys izse gs izsekps ,d vax >kys- i.k ftFks ‘kjhj lkS[;kph vis{kk vlrs] frFksgh izsekph mRdVrk foy{k.k vlrs- ys[kd vkf.k R;kaP;k fe=kaP;k vuqHkokyk vkysY;k izsekP;k osxosxGîk NVk ;sFks jaxfo.;kr vkY;k vkgsr- ^tknwps ik.kh* gh dknacjh 1968 e/;s izdkf’kr >kyh rjh frph dFkk R;kiwohZp ys[kdkP;k MksD;kr r;kj >kyh vlkoh- ek.kwl vkf.k i’kw ;kaP;krhy ewyHkwr izoRrhapkp ‘kks/k ?ks.;kpk iz;Ru vkgs- T;kauk fgalz i’k w EgVY;k xsys o T;kaP;kiklwu nwj jkg.;kph izoRrh vlrs] [kÚ;k vFkkZus eokG izoRrhps ‘kkarrkfiz;] Lotukapk ?kkr u dj.kkjs vlrkr- myV T;kus eokGi.kkpk cqj[kk ika?kjyysyk vlrks] eq[kkus ‘kkarhpk] ca/kwHkkokpk ?kks”k pkyfoysyk vlrks] rks ek.kwl osGizlaxh vkiyh fgalz oRrh nk[korks- dknacjhP;k viZ.kif=dsr ys[kd Eg.krkr] ßT;kps fBdk.kh izse] fu”Bk] ÑrKrk] ‘kkS;Z] nwjn”Vh ákalkj[ks vusd cgqewY; xq.k okl djhr vkgsr] T;kaP;keqGs ek.klkaps bgyksdhps okLrO; cjsp lq[kdkjd >kys vkgs] T;kaps mnkgj.k fxjfoY;kl ek.kls vf/kd ek.klklkj[kh gksrhy] R;k vf[ky ‘okutkrhl izseknjiwoZdÞ7

,danjhr iq-Hkk- Hkkos ;kaP;k izsefo’okr dsoG L=h&iq#”k ukR;kaukp LFkku vkgs] vls ulwu R;kr ekuorsP;k Hkwfedsrwu i'kw&i{kkaukgh frrdsp egRRo vkgs- izsekps fofo/k jaxhcsjaxh iSyw R;kaph ys[k.kh fprkjr tkrs vkf.k gh fl)gLr ys[k.kh okpdkauk xqarors] jeors] fopkj dj.;kl Hkkx ikMrs- R;kaps fo”k; fpjr#.k vlrkr] ‘kSyh okpdkaP;k eukpk Bko ?ksrs vkf.k lkgftdp R;kaP;k ân;koj vf/kjkT; xktfors- fu”d”kZ 1- Lokra«;ksRrj lkBiwoZ dky[kaMkr oSnHkhZ; dknacjh{ks=kr Lokra«;kiwohZP;k ?kVukaps o lektkrhy ?kMkeksMhaps lanHk Z

foiqy vkgsr- 2- iq-Hkk- Hkkos ;kauh lektkrhy fofo/k ikrGhojP;k osxGîk vkf.k ân;Hksnd iz’ukauk vkiY;k dknacÚ;karwu okV

eksdGh d:u fnyh- 3- Lokra«;ksRrj lkBiwoZ dky[kaMkr ^vdqfyuk* vkf.k ô”kkZso* ;k nksu dknacÚ;kae/kwu HkkO;kauh jaxfoysys izsefo’o vR;ar

mPp ikrGhojps o osxGîk oG.kkps vlY;kus ejkBh lkfgR;kr vf/kd pfpZys xsys- 4- iq-Hkk- Hkkos ;kaP;k izsefo’okr dsoG L=h&iq#”k ukR;kaukp LFkku vkgs] vls ulwu R;kr ekuorsP;k Hkwfedsrwu

i'kw&i{kkaukgh frrdsp egRRo vkgs- izsekps fofo/k jaxhcsjaxh iSyw R;kaph ys[k.kh fprkjrs- lanHkZ 1- tksx y-x-] dknacjh] fpjatho xzaFk izdk’ku] iq.ks ] izFkeko`Rrh] 1963] i- 147&148 2- Hkkos iq-Hkk-] o”kk Zo] izFkekoRrh] 1958] i- 108 3- r=So 4- Hkkos iq-Hkk-] o”kk Zo] mfu- i- 112 5- Hkkos] iq-Hkk-] o”kkZo] mfu- i- 114½ 6- ekMxwGdj] x-fn-] iq- Hkk- Hkkos ,d i= lsrw] r#.k Hkkjr] ukxiwj] fn- 11 vkWxLV 1985 7- Hkkos iq-Hkk-] viZ.kif=dk] tknwps ik.kh] dqGd.khZ xzaFkkxkj] izFkekoRrh] 1968




vfHku; {ks=krhy fL=;kapk vkRedFkukOnkjs ?ksrysyk ekxksok izk- MkW- vuqjk/kk jk- eqGs

lgk;d izk/;kid] Jh f’kokth egkfo|ky;] fp[kyh

ft- cqyMk.kk 443201

izLrkouk %

lkfgR;krhy dFkk] dknacjh] dfork vkfnizek.ksp ‘vkRedFku’ gkgh ,d ok³~e; izdkj vlwu rks okpd

fiz; vkgs- LokraŒ;ksRrj dkGkr rks rj vf/kdp >ikV;kus foLrkjr vkgs- izR;sd {ks=ke/;s vkRedFkus fyfgysyh fnlwu ;srkr- ys[kd] m|kstd vkf.k jktdkj.kh O;Drhizek.ksp fp=iVukV; dykoarkuhgh vkRedFku fyfg.;kph ejkBh lkfgR;kr ijaijk vkgs-

‘Lo’ fp= js[kkV.ks gk vkRedFkukpk eqG mís’k vkgs- lu 1910 e/;s ejkBhrhy ifgys L=h vkRedFku vkeP;k vk;q";krhy dkgh vkBo.kh jekckbZ jkuMs ;kaps izdkf’kr >kys vkf.k R;kuarj fL=;kauh vkiys thou js[kkVk;yk lqjokr dsyh- lu 1960 uarj L=h vkRedFku ;k ok³~e; izdkjkyk cgj vkyk vkf.k fofo/k {ks=krhy fL=;kauh vkRedFkus fygk;yk lqjokr dsyh- lu 2000 lkyki;Zar vfHku; {ks=krhy L=h vkRedFkukpk fopkj dsyk] rj [kwi ekstdh v’kh vkRepfj=s fyfgysyh fnlwu ;srkr-

cht’kCn vkRedFku] L=h] dykoar] vfHku;{ks=] ijaijk] ykSdhd

vfHku; {ks=krhy L=h vkRedFkus % fp=iV&ukV; {ks=krhy dykoarkcíy fo’ks"k vkd"kZ.k vlrs- ;k vkd"kZ.kkiksVhp R;kaP;k [kktxh vk;q";kcíy loZlkekU;kauk eksBs dqrwgy vlrs vkf.k L=h dykoar EgVyk dh] R;kaph mRlqdrk vf/kdp ok<rs-

dkj.k “jaxHkweh vkf.k fp=iVl"Vhrhy L=h&iq:"k dykoarkph thoudgk.kh okprkauk cjhp’kh xqykch xqfir

vkiY;kyk dGrhy vla okpdkauk okVr vlra-” vkf.k R;kpcjkscj dykoarkP;k dykthoukcíygh loZlkekU;ke/;s rso<hp mRlqdrk vlrs- ;k {ks=ke/;s R;kauh feGfoysys ;’k] R;kapk ?kMysyk thouizokl ;k ekfgrhfo"k;h lkekU;kauk [kqi mRlqdrk vlrs- Eg.kwup dykoarkph vkRedFkus gh fo’ks"k fiz; vlrkr- izR;sd vkRedFku gs tk.khoiwoZd fyfgys xsys vlsyPk vls ukgh] i.k dkgh vkRedFkuke/;s fcu/kkLr vkf.k cs/kMdi.kkgh fnlwu ;srks- LokraŒ; iwoZ vkf.k LokraŒ;ksRrj dkGkrhy vkRedFkukpk fopkj dsyk vlrk

cgwrka’k L=h dykoar g;k xjtsiksVhp g;k {ks=kdMs oGysY;k fnlwu ;srkr- vki.k flussukV;kl"Vhr ;sÅ vlk fopkjgh u dj.kkjs dykoar uarj ek=] ;kp {ks=ke/;s ykSdhd vkf.k oSHko feGorkauk fnlrkr- T;k O;olk;ke/;s vki.k iMyks vkgksr ;kcíyph lpksVh vkf.k dlksVhrwu ykSdhd feGoysyk fnlwu ;srks- T;k lq:okrhP;k dkGkr dqyhu ?kjkrhy eqyhus flusekr fdaok ukVdkr dke dj.ks ghu letys tkr gksrs] v’kk dkGkr flusl"Vhr inkiZ.k dj.kk&;k yhyk fpV.khl] galk okMdj] m"kkfdj.k] lheknso] yhyk isa<kjdj] 'kkark gqcGhdj ;k l"Vhr ukoykSdhd deko.kk&;k xq.kh dykoarkps ;k l"Vhrhy vkxeu vkfFkZd fudMhiksVhp >kys- 'kkark gqcGhdj] galk okMdj ;klkj[;k L=h dykoarkP;k eukr vki.k mRre xgh.kh Ogkos] lalkj djkok vls vlwugh dsoG mnjfuokZgkP;k rMtksMheqGs ;k l"Vhr R;kauk vkiys mHks vk;q"; dk<kos ykxys- 'ksoVh dysP;k vkarfjd fudMhiksVh dyspk fodkl lk/krk ;srks] rlsp thoukps lk/ku ekuwugh dykfodkl lk/krk ;srks] ;kps izR;arj vkiY;kyk ;k L=h dykoarkaP;k




vkRedFkukrwu ;srs- Eg.kwup ;k L=h dykoarkauk ;’kLoh gks.;klkBh dsysyh mikluk ;klanHkkZr fopkj dj.ks xjtsps vkgs- galk okMdj ¼lkaxR;s ,sdk½] LusgizHkk iz/kku ¼Lusgkafdrk½ yhyk fpV.khl ¼pansjh nqfu;sr½] nqxkZ [kksVs ¼eh nqxkZ [kksVs½] m"kkfdj.k ¼m"k%dky½] 'kkark gqcGhdj ¼d’kkyk m|kph ckr½] foey ?kSlkl ¼dqai.kkojph dksjkaVh½] yhykckbZ Hkkyth isa<kjdj ¼ek>h thou;k=k½] lhek nso ¼lqokfluh½ yyhrk tksxGsdj ¼ckbZ eh HkkX;kph½ ;k L=h;kauk xjtsiksVh vfHku; {ks=ke/;s mrjkos ykxys- f’k{k.k ?;kos] lalkj djkok v’kh mjk’kh ckGxysyh LoIus

cktwyk lk:u tcjnLrhusp R;k ;k {ks=ke/;s yksVY;k tkrkr- ?kjkrhy vkfFkZd fudM] Hkkokps f’k{k.k] vkbZph rC;sr] oMhykaps N= ul.ks] ?kjkrhy xfjch ;k v’;kp xjtsiksVh ;k fL=;k ;k {ks=ke/;s inkiZ.k djrkr- Lor%P;k LoIukaph vkgwrh nsowugh ;k fL=;kauk lektke/;s o ?kjke/;s ikghts rks eku feGrkauk fnlr ukgh-

galkckbZ vkiY;k vkRedFkuke/;s lkaxrkr “Hkkokoj ek>a Qkj izse] f’k{k.k ?;koa] lalkj djkok vla

ek>a ygkui.kkiklwu LoIua gksra--------- f’k{k.k lksMwu nsÅu] eh uksdjh djk;yk r;kj >kys” ¼i-5½ “,dne ukf;dspa dke vkf.k rsgh o;kP;k ngkO;k o"khZ eyk feGkya gksra- efguk vMhp’ks :Ik;s ixkj gksrk- R;kuarj eh yxsp ,d nksu fp=iVkr dkea dsyh] i.k ;k uk R;k dkj.kkeqGa rs viqjsp jkfgysr- R;kaph eyk fQfdj UkOgrh- eh

dke djr gksrs rs iS’kkalkBh] iSls feGoys Eg.kts >kya-”¼i-7½ ;k dkGkr vkf.k ;k o;kr uk vfHku;kph tk.k

gksrh uk vkoMa ! dsoG dke dsya dh iSlk feGrks ,o<hp R;kaph nwjn"Vh gksrh- LusgizHkkckbZauk MkWDVj cu.;kph

bPNk vlwulq/nk dsoG vkbZP;k rC;srheqGs R;kauk fp=iV{ks=kdMs oGkos ykxys- “fpe.kkckbZ nslkbZdMs tkÅu eh lkxj ewOghVksuP;k djkji=koj lgh dsyh- ygkui.kkiklwu mjk’kh ckGxysys LoIu {k.kk/kkZr ek÷;k gkrkus ehp iqlys-

” ¼i-7½ Eg.kwup R;kaps eu ukVd&fp=iV ;ke/;s u jerk txfo[;kr fdrhZ izkIr L=hjksxrK MkW- Ogh- ,u- f’kjksMdj ;kaP;ke/;s jeys- yhykckbZ dsoG ;ksxk;ksxkus] vkfFkZd fudMhiksVh fp=iVl"Vhr izos’k djr vlk;P;k rjh gGwgGw ;k O;olk;kcíy R;kaP;ke/;s vkiqydh] izse fuekZ.k gksrs- nqxkZckbZ lkWfyflVj ykMkaP;k dU;k] ?kjP;k

xHkZ Jhear] vlwugh yXu >kY;koj ek= dtkZP;k MksaxjkeqGs R;kauk fp=iV {ks=kdMs oGkos ykxys- m"kkfdj.k ;kauk rj

R;kaps ofMyp ;k {ks=ke/ks ikBorkr- “ckiw eyk dke feGfo.;klkBh ftrdh esgur ?ksr vlr] frrdh esgur eh dke dj.;klkBh ?ksr uOgrs- vtwui;Z ar eh loZ dke cGscGsp djhr gksrs- R;keqGs dke ygku dh eksBa ;kpa eyk dkghp lq[k&nq%[k uOgra ¼i-40½ ;ko:u R;kaph vxfrdrkp fnlwu ;srs- mnjfuokZgkP;k lk/kusiksVh vkysY;k 'kkarkckbZauk vkbZP;k dqVhy dkjLFkkukeqGs o;kP;k lksGkO;k o"khZp ?kj lksMkos ykxrs- ckyeS=h.khP;k uo&;kP;k

vksG[khus ukVdke/ks dke djrkr- Ogh- 'kkarkjke ;kaP;k ‘izHkkr’ daiuhe/;s izos’k feGkY;koj ek= ‘ek.kwl’ gk fp=iV R;kauk ykSfdd vkf.k oSHko nksUgh feGowu nsrks- lrr 35&36 o"ksZ fp=iVl"Vhe/;s okoj.kk&;k lhekckbZ

fp=iV{ks=ke/;s ;srkr rs vkfFkZd fudMheqGsp- “fVdk djk;yk lxGs iq<s vlrkr] i.k vMp.khP;k osGh dq.khgh

iq<s ;sr ukgh- dkj.k xfjch] [kqi okbZV vlrs gh xfjch” ¼i-7½ ;ko:u R;kaP;k ifjfLFkrhph tk.kho gksrs- ,dk,dh ofMykaph uksdjh xsY;keqGs mnjfuokZgkps lk/ku Eg.kwu yhykckbZ tksxGsdj ;kauk ;k {ks=kdMs oGkos ykxys-

“f’k{k.kkph Hk;adj vks<] dkWyste/;sgh lxG;kaph vkoMrh! i.k ,o<k [kpZ dks.k dj.kkj?” ¼i-46½ Eg.kwup ifjfLFkrhiksVh] xjtsiksVh vkysY;k ;k fL=;k vfHku;kpk xa/kgh ulrkauk dsoG LocGkoj Lod"Vkus] vxnh 'kqU;krwu fo’o fuekZ.k d:u oSHko o ykSfdd feGorkauk fnlrkr- ykyu lkjax ¼txys t’kh½] T;ksRLuk HkksGs ¼Lojoanuk½] t;Jh xMdj ¼v’kh eh t;Jh½] 'kkark vkiVs

¼tkÅ eh flusekr½ ;k fL=;k vkarfjd fudMhiksVh ;k {ks=ke/;s mrjrkr- dyscíy vl.kkjh rGeG] R;klkBh




dklkfol gks.kkjk tho] ifjJe ?ks.;kph r;kjh] dyk{ks=krhy Hkfo";krhy okVpky dsoG vkarfjd fudMhP;k cGkojp vfHku; {ks=ke/;s ;’kLoh okVpky djrkr- L=h dykoar ;k ukVd&fp=iV {ks=ke/;s dysP;k vkarfjd fudMhiksVh vFkok vkfFkZd xjtsiksVh vkysys vlys rjh /;s; ,dp vlY;k dkj.kkus R;kaP;k dykfo"dkjke/;s ek= fo’ks"k Qjd iMY;kps fnlr ukgh- nksUgh izdkjP;k dykoarke/;s dysph rxex dykfodkl lkj[kkp lk/kysyk fnlwu ;srks- vki.k fLodkjysY;k O;olk;k’kh rs lkj[ksp ,dfu"B fnlrkr- ukVd fp=iV ;k nksUgh ek/;ekae/;s vfHku;dysps vrksukr egRo vkgs- vfHku; gk

;k ek/;ekpk izk.k vkgs- vfHku;koj J/nk] mikluk vlY;k[ksjht rks ;k {ks=ke/;s ;’kLoh gksÅ 'kdr ukgh- T;k {ks=kauh ;k fL=;kauk oSHko] ukoykSfdd feGowu fnys R;k dyk{ks=kyk R;kauh vkiY;k vkRedFkuke/;s nqî;e LFkku fnys- ;kps dkj.k Eg.kts R;kaph >kysyh vkfFkZd QjQV o yqckM.kwd] i.k dkghgh vlys rjh R;k lpksVhus ;’k laiknu djrkr-

‘vfHku;{ks=’ gk fL=;kauk lUekukus tx.;kpk ,d ekxZ vkgs] vls nqxkZ [kksVs ;kaP;k ofMykauh ts EgVys gksrs R;kpk izR;; uarj iUukl o"kkZuh ;sÅ ikgr vkgs- e/kY;k dkGkr vnqjnf’kZRo vYi f’k{k.k] fL=;kapk HkkcMsi.kk o Hkkouko’krk ;keqGs iSlk feGowugh R;k LokfHkekuh gksÅ 'kdY;k ukghr- myV lksU;kps vaMh ns.kkjh dksacMh

v’khp R;kaph xr >kyh- ‘iSlk vk.kyk dh ?kjkrY;k iq:"kkaP;k Lokf/ku djk;pk’ ghp ygkui.kkiklwugh Lko; vlY;kps galkckbZ lkaxrkr- uqlrk iSlk feGowu pkyr ukgh] R;kojps LokfeRogh loZLokus fuHkkork vkY;k[ksjht

ckbZph llsgksyiV Fkkac.kkj ukgh] ;klaca/kh izk- MkW- vkjrh dqyd.khZ Eg.krkr] “Hkkjrh; lektkrhy L=h eukus tksi;Zar Lora= gksr ukgh] ijaijsps tks[kM >qxk: 'kdr ukgh] rksi;Zar rh [k&;k vFkkZus eqDr gksÅ 'kdr ukgh]

fryk rs te.kkj ukgh-” L=hus ;k ijaijkoknh ca/kukrwu lqVY;kf’kok; fryk eqDrh feGw 'kdr ukgh-

lkjka'k dks.krsgh {ks= EgVys dh] R;ke/;s vMp.kh ;s.kkjp R;kr gs dyk{ks= {k.kHkaxwj ;’kkps] fdrhZps] tksi;Zar rqeP;k toG lkSn;Z vlsy rksi;Zar ;k {ks=kr rqEgkyk fopkjys tkrs- lrr uohu dykdkjkapk Hkj.kk gksr vlY;kus tqus dykdkj ekxs iMrkr- fdaok R;kaps fp=iV v;’kLoh >kys dh R;kauk ekxs iMY;kph Hkhrh vlrs- gh p<kvks< Qkj tho?ks.kh vlrs- rjh i.k ghp dyk izR;sdhyk Lor%ps Lora= uko vksG[k fuekZ.k d:u nsrs- iq:"kkoyach vfLrRokoj R;kaph ukos f’kYyd u jkgrk R;kaP;k dyk{ks=krhy drZRokeqGsp R;kaph vksG[k dk;e jkgrs- vkt dkG cnyyk Eg.kwup vkt ;k dyk{ks=ke/;s pkaxY;k ?kjkrY;k] dysph vkoM Eg.kwu ;s.kk&;k fL=;kaph la[;k ok<r vkgs- gh dykuxjh vkd"kZd fnlr vlyh rjhgh ;k uxjhrhy dykoarkps thou ewGkr vfLFkj vlrs- ,sdsdkGh deh letys tk.kkjs gs {ks= vkt Js"B Bjr vkgs- 19 O;k 'krdki;Zar fL=;kaP;k n"Vhus ifjfLFkrh vR;ar 'kkspuh; gksrh- R;k dkGke/;s L=hyk ikikps vkxj letys tkbZ- 20 'krdkph lq:okr ek= fL=;kaP;k n"Vhus vk’kknk;d] izxrhij v’kh >kyh- LokraŒ;kuarj ;k xrhyk osx vkyk vkf.k 2000 lkyki;Zar ;k xrhus lektkph loZ {ks= s dkcht dsyh gksrh- 21 O;k 'krdke/;s ikÅy Vkd.kkjh L=h Lora= fopkjkph vlwu vkiys drZRo fl/n dj.kkjh

vkgs- fL=;kapk gk izokl vkRedFkuke/kwu fnlwu ;sr vlY;keqGs vkRedFkukph gh ijaijk fL=;kaps thou vf/kd le/n dj.kkjh vkgs-

lanHkZxzaFk 1- vfHkusR;k dykoarkph vkRepfj=s % MkW- lquank ns’kikaMs- 2- vk/kqfud ejkBh oke³~;krhy fL=;kaph vkRepfj=s % ,d vH;kl % MkW- foey Hkkysjko- 3- L=h lkfgR;kpk ekxksok] [kaM&2 % es?kk fl/k;s-


Page | 52

Online Published by – Gurukul IMR Journal Available At - www.gurukuljournal.com

ceje"Jee[Ÿeeleerue oeefjõŸe Skeâ : mebef#ehle Dee{eJee Ùeesefielee efkeâmevejeJe jeneCes [[email protected]â Yegmeejs

DeLe&MeeŒe efJeYeeie, meneÙÙekeâ ØeeOÙeehekeâ DeLe&MeeŒe efJeYeeie [e@. yeeyeemeensye Deebyes[keâj ceje"Jee[e Øeefle‰eve ceneefJeÅeeueÙe he w"Ce.

efJeÅeeefhe", Deewjbieeyeeo.

ØemleeJevee : keâesCelÙeener osMeeÛee DeeefLe&keâ e fJekeâeme ne osMeele GheueyOe Demeuesueer vewmeefie&keâ meeOevemebheòeer Je uee skeâme bKÙee Ùee

oesve IeškeâebJej DeJeuebyetve Demeles. vewmeefie &keâ meeOeve mebheòeerle Yegceer, heeCeer, Jeeje, Yeewieesefuekeâ heefjefmLeleer, Keefvepes F. ØecegKe

iees°er meceeefJe° nesleele. ÙeecegUs Ie[tve ÙesCeeNÙee uee skeâme bKÙesle keâeÙe&#ece ueeskeâebÛeer mebKÙee Je lÙeebÛeer iegCeJeòee Ùee iees°er efJeÛeejele IÙeeJÙee ueeieleele. meeOeveebÛee ÙeesiÙe Je JÙeJeefmLele GheÙeesie ceeveJeÛe keâ¤ Mekeâlees. cnCetve Deee fLe&keâ e fJekeâemeeÛÙee

Øeef›eâÙesle Jeehejuee peeCeeje Skeâ Ieškeâ cnCetve ueesmebKÙesÛee cnCepesÛe kegâštbyeeÛee efJeÛeej keâjCes DeeJeMÙekeâ Deens. Yeejle ne

peieeleerue meJee&le pegveer mebmke=âleer Demeuesuee DeeefCe mee bmke =âeflekeâ ceguÙeeÛee Jeejmee ueeYeuesuee osMe Deens. vewmeefie&keâ meeOeve mebheòeerÛe s Jejoevener Ùee osMeeuee efceUeues Deens. hejbleg, peieeÛÙee leguevesle efJeÛeej keâjlee meJe& meeceevÙe ceeCegme GÛÛe ØeefleÛes peerJeveceeve

peielees Deens Demes cee$e efomele veener. meceepeeÛee Skeâ cees"e Yeeie pesJne peieCÙeemee"er DeeJeMÙekeâ Demeue suÙee efkeâceeve iejpeener

YeeieJet Mekeâle veener lesJne Demee meceepe oeefjõŸeeves efhe[erle Deens Demes mecepeues peeles. Yeejleele meJe&meeOeejCeheCes oeefjõŸeeÛee r peer JÙeeKÙee kesâueer peeles. efleÛee DeeOeej peieCÙeemee"er DeeJeMÙekeâ Demeuesues G<ceebkeâ (ke@âuejerpe) pes OeevÙe, oeUer, ogOe,

Yeepeerheeuee ÙeebÛÙeeÉejs efceUefJelee Ùesleele. ÙeeefMeJeeÙe keâehe[ Jeiewjs ÙeemeejKÙee Flej peerJeveeJeMÙekeâ yeeyeer efceUefJeCÙeemee"er

ueeieCeeje hewmee ie=efnle Oe¤ve oj[esF& GlheVeeÛee r heeleUer Ùee GheYeesie KeÛee&efJevee keâcee r Deens Demes ueeskeâ oeefjõŸejs<e sKeueer kegâštbyeele

Ùesleele. oeefjõŸe ner Skeâ DeMeer DeJemLee Deens keâer, pÙeecegUs keâesCeleerner JÙeòeâer Dehegjs GlheVe efke bâJee iewjJeepeJeer KeÛee &cegUs mJeleŠÛee peerJevemlej GbÛeeJet Mekeâle veene r.

ceje"Jee[e ne ceneje°elee rue DeeefLe&keâÂ°Ÿee ceeieemeuesuee ØeosMe Deens. je°erÙe Je jepÙe heeleUerJej leguevee keâjlee

ceje"Jee[Ÿeele oeefjõŸeeÛes ØeceeCe peemle Deens. ceje"Jee[Ÿeele «eeceerCe Je Menjer oeefjõŸeeÛe s ØeceeCe peemle Deens.ceje"Jee[Ÿeele «eeceerCe Je Menjer oeefjõŸeeÛes ØeceeCe Jee{le Deens. keâejCe Menjer Yeeieele keâceer nesle peeCeeNÙee jespeieej mebOeer, «eeceerCe

Yeeieeleerue ke=â<eerÛeer Deuhe Glheeokeâlee DehetNÙee efmebÛeve megefJeOee, efJeheveveeleerue mecemÙee F. Ûee heefjCeece oeefjõŸe Je=Ooerle nesleevee

efomelees. «eeceerCe YeeieeÛee efJekeâeme PeeuÙee Kesjerpe ceje"Jee[ŸeeÛee efJekeâeme nesCeej veener. cnCetve mejkeâejves «eeceerCe YeeieeJej

ue#e keWâõerle keâjCes cenlJeeÛes "jles. YeejleeÛÙee efveÙeespeerle DeeefLe&keâ efJekeâemeeceOÙes oeefjõŸe ns \ej cees"s DeeJneve "jle Deens.

DeewÅeesefiekeâjCeeÛeer ceboieleer, jespeieejeÛÙee DehegNÙee mebOeer, «eeceerCe Yeeieeleerue ueeskeâebÛes Menjer Yeeieekeâ[s Jesieeves nesCeej s mLeueeblejCe, efMe#eCeeÛee DeYeeJe, DeeefLe&keâ efJe<ecelee Ùee meJe& DeJemLesletve oeefjõŸe ns Jee{le Demeles. Ùee DeJemLesletve yeensj

ÙesCÙeemee"er ØeÙelve cenlJeeÛes "jleele.

oeefjõŸeeÛeer mebkeâuhevee : meJe& meeOeejCeheCes oeefjõŸe cnCepes cegueYetle iejpee ve YeeieefJelee ÙesCÙeemeejKeer hee fjmLeerleer DeMeer oeefjõŸeeÛee r

JÙeeKÙee kesâueer peeles. JÙeòeâerÛÙee e fkeâceeve peerJeveceeveeÛÙee mebkeâuhevesMeer me byebOeerle DemeCeejer ner JÙeeKÙee Deens.hejblet, efkeâceeve

peerJeveceeveeÛee r mebkeâuhevee ØelÙeskeâ osMeevegmeej yeouele peeCeejer Demele s. ØelÙeskeâ osMeeÛeer DeeefLe&keâ Je meeceeeefpekeâ heefjmLeerlee r meceeve vemeles.lÙeecegUs oeefjõŸeeÛeer keâuhevee osMeevegmeej JesieJesieUer Demele s. cegueYetle iejpeebÛÙee mebJeceleerner efJeÛeejJebleeceOÙes

SkeâJeeÛelee veener, keâeneRveer efJee fMe° osMeele DemeCeejs meJe& meeOeejCe mejemejer peerJeveceeve cnCepes cegueYetle iejpee Demes cnšues

lej, keâeneRÛÙee celes, cegueYetle iejpee nesle. cegueYetle iejpeebÛÙee keâuhevee keâeUevetmeej yeouele ÛeeueuÙee Deens.

1. meehes#e oeefjõŸe : osMeeleerue ueeskeâme bKÙesÛeer lÙeeÛÙee GlheVeevegmeej Jeie&Jeejer kesâueer Demelee Ùeeleerue pees MesJešÛee ieš

DeLee&le meJee&le keâceer GlheVe DemeCeeNÙee ueeskeâebÛee ieš Demelee s. Ùee iešeme meehes#e oeefjoŸe Demes cnCeleele.


Page | 53


2. efvejhes#e oeefjõŸe : efvejhes#e oeefjõŸe "jefJeleebvee peerJeve peieCÙeemee"er DeeJeMÙekeâ DeMee efkeâceeve cegueYetle Ieškeâ

Goe : DeVeOeevÙe, ogOe, keâehe[ F. efveJe[uÙee peeleele. Ùee JemlegbÛes ØeÛeefuele efkeâceleerle ®heeblej ke sâues peeles. Je ÙeeJe¤ve KeÛee&Ûee oj[esF&Deekeâ[e keâe{uee peelees Je Ùee Jemleg GheYeesieCÙeemee"er DeeJeMÙekeâ DeMeer efkeâceeve GlheVeeÛeer heeleUer "jefJeueer peeles.

JÙeeKÙee : 1. oeefjõŸe ner Skeâ meeceeefpekeâ efmLeleer Deens lÙeecegUs meceepeeÛee keâener Yeeie peerJeveeleerue cegueYetle iejpee

YeeieefJeCÙeemee"er JÙeòeâerÛeer Je kegâštbyeeÛeer DemeceLe&lee cnCepes oeefjõŸe nesÙe.

2. JÙeòeâerÛÙee cegueYetle iejpee YeeieefJeCÙeemee"er DeeefLe&keâ #ecelesÛee DeYeeJe cnCepes oeefjõŸe nesÙe.

oeefjõŸeeÛee MeemeefkeâÙe DeYÙeeme : Yeejle mejkeâejÛee e fveÙeespeve DeeÙeesie ns je°erÙe DeeefCe jepÙemlejeJej oeefjõŸeefJe<eÙekeâ DeYÙeeme keâjCeejer mebmLee Deens.lÙeeÛe yejesyej mJeeleb$Ùehe tJe& Je mJeeleb$Ùe Øeehleerveblej efveÙeespeve DeeÙeesieeÉejs oeefjõŸeeÛee DeYÙeeme keâjCÙeemee"er efJeefJeOe meefcelÙee

mLeeheve keâjCÙeele DeeuÙee neslÙee. Yeejleelee rue oeefjõŸeefJe<eÙekeâ he tJee&YÙeemeeceOÙes oeoeYeeF& veewjespeer (1876) lej mJeeleb$Ùeesòej

keâeUele [[email protected][skeâj Je jLe (1960), [e@. heer.[er. DeesPee (1970), efcevneme yeer.Sme (1970), cee@všskeâefmebie DenuegJeeefueÙee

(1977), Øee.DecelÙe&mesve (1981), Øee.uekeâeJeeuee (1995), Øee. megjsMe les[uekeâj (2005), Depeg&vemesve ieghlee (2005), mekeämesvee meefceleer DenJeeue (2009) FlÙeeoer DeLe&le%eebÛeer Yegefcekeâe cenlJehetCe& ceeveueer peeles.

1. oeoeYeeF& veewjespeer : Ùeebveer efye ÇefšMe jepeJešerves Øeefmeæ kesâuesuÙeeDeekeâ[sJeejerÛÙee DeeOeejs YeejleerÙeebÛes oj[esF& GlheVe 20 ¤. nesles. lej

lÙeeJesUer efkeâceeve peerJeveceeveemee"er 34 ¤. DeeJeMÙekeâ DemeCÙeeÛeer e fveoMe&veeme DeeCegve Yeejleelee rue oeefjõŸeeleerue leer›elee mhe°

kesâueer.

2. [e@. oeb[skeâj Je jLe :

Ùeebveer YeejleerÙeebmee"er ojjespe 22502 ke@âueje rpeÛee efvekeâ<e ue#eele IesDve 1960-67 ceOÙes «eeceerCe Yeeieele 40škeäkesâ lej Menjer Yeeieeleerue 50 škeäkesâ veeiejer ueeskeâmebKÙee oeefjõŸejs<esKeeueer DemeuÙeeÛe s meebe fieleues.

3. [e@. efcevneme : Ùeebveer ØelÙeskeâ Yeejlee rÙe JÙeòeâerme ØelÙeskeâ Je<eea 24 ¤. Flekeâe GheYeesie KeÛe& DeeJeMÙekeâ DemeCÙeeÛes ie=nerle Oe¤ve 1967-68 ceOÙes «eeceerCe Yeeieele 50.6 ške äkesâ ueeskeâ oeefjõŸe js<esKeeueerue DemeCÙeeÛee efve<keâ<e &keâe{uee.

4. [e@. DeesPee : Ùeebveer «eeceerCe Yeeieeleerue ØelÙeskeâ JÙeòeâeruee jespe efkeâceeve 518 «e@ce GheYeesie IesCes DeeJeMÙekeâ ceevegve 1960-61

ceOÙes Menjer Je «eeceerCe Yeeieeleerue Skeâef$ele oeefjõŸeeÛes ØeceeCe 44 škeäkesâ DemeuÙeeÛee efve<keâ<e&keâe{uee.

5. cee@všskeâefmebie DenuegJeeefueÙee : Ùeebveer 1960-61 ÛÙee efkebâceleerÛÙee DeeOeejs «eeceerCe Je Menjer Yeeieeleerue ØelÙeskeâ JÙeòeâermee"er ØelÙeskeâ Je<ee a

Deveg›eâces 180 ¤.Je 240 ¤.efkeâceeve GheYeesie KeÛe& DeeJeMÙekeâ ceeveuee Je lÙee DeeOeejs 1973-74 ceOÙes «eeceerCe Yeeieeleerue 46 škeäkesâ ueeskeâmebKÙee oeefjõŸe js<esKeeueer peerJeve peiele DemeuÙeeÛee efve<keâ<e & keâe{uee.

6. Øee. DecelÙe&mesve : Ùeebveer oeefjõŸe efJe<eÙekeâ efJeÛeej ceeb[levee Demes cnšues Deens keâer, DeLe&JÙeJemLee Kegueer keâjleebvee lÙeebÛes heâeÙeos leesš s

keâesCeeuee keâmes neslee rue ÙeeÛee efJeÛeej kesâuee heeefnpes. mesve ÙeebÛÙee celes OeevÙeebÛeer keâcelejlee ns oeefjõŸeeÛes keâejCe vemegve

yesjespeieejercegUs ›eâÙeMeòeâerÛee DeYeeJe ns YeejleerÙe oeefjõŸeeÛes ØecegKe keâejCe Deens.

7. YeejleerÙe efveÙeespeve ceb[U : Ùeebveer meneJÙee hebÛeJeeef<e&keâ ÙeespevesÛÙee keâeueKeb[ele (1980-85) oeefjõŸe ns «eeceerCe (2400) Je Menjer


Page | 54


(2100) G<ceebkeâ GheYeesie Øeeflee foveer Je efkeâceeve iejpee Ùee efve<keâ<ee&Ûee DeeOeejs "jefJeCÙeele Deeueer.

leòeâe ›eâ. 1 Yeejleeleerue oeefjõŸejs<esKeueerue ueeskeâmebKÙesÛes ØeceeCe

De.›eâ. Je<e& Yeejleelee rue «eeceerCe Yeejleeleerue oeefjõŸe js<esKeueerue ueeskeâmebKÙee

Yeejleelee rue Menjer Yeeieelee rue oeefjõŸe js<esKeeueerue

ueeskeâmebKÙee

SkegâCe ØeceeCe

1 1979 56.40 49.00 54.90

2 1989 45.70 40.80 44.50

3 1993 37.30 32.30 36.00

4 2001 27.10 23.60 26.10

5 2007 21.10 15.10 19.30

6 2011 25.7 13.7 29.9

(meboYe&: 1. DeeefLe&keâ meJex#eCe 2010-2011. 2. DekeâjeJeer he bÛeJee<eeakeâ Ùeespevee) Jejerue leòeâeJe¤ve Demes efomele s keâer, 1973 ÛÙee leguevesle meve 2007 ceOÙes Yeejleeleerue oeefjõŸe js<esKeueerue

ueeskeâebÛÙee ØeceeCeele KegheÛe Ieš Peeueer Deens.meve 54:90 škeäkesâ nesles. lej 2007 ceOÙes nsÛe ØeceeCe 19:30 škeäkesâ nesles. Yeejleele Menjer Yeeieehes#ee «eeceerCe Yeeieele oeefjõŸeeÛes ØeceeCe peemle DemeuÙeeÛes efomeles.keâejCe 1973 heemegve YeejleeÛÙee

ueeskeâmebKÙesle melele Jee{ Ie[tve Ùesle Deens. YeejleeÛeer ueeskeâmebKÙee 121 keâesše r Deens ÙeeÛeeÛe DeLe& 25 les 27 keâesše r

ueeskeâmebKÙee oeefjõŸejs<esKeeueerue YeÙeeJen peerJeve peiele Deens leòeâe ›eâ. 2

ceje"Jee[Ÿeeleerue oeefjõŸejs<esKeeueerue ueeskeâmebKÙesÛes ØeceeCe (meve 2013)

De.›eâ. efpeuns SkegâCe ueeskeâmebKÙee ceje"Jee[Ÿeeleerue «eeceerCe

Yeeieeleerue oeefjõŸejs<e sKeeueerue

ueeskeâmebKÙee

ceje"Jee[Ÿeeleerue Menjer

Yeeieeleerue

oeefjõŸejs<esKeeuee rue ueeskeâmebKÙee

1 peeuevee 235529 38788 274315

2 Deewjbieeyeeo 3701282 271926 383887

3 yeer[ 2585932 43674 410650

4 hejYeCeer 1836086 82532 240586

5 efnbieesueer 1177345 - 172092

6 ueelegj 2454196 89374 329206

7 Gmceeveeyeeo 1657576 48492 284284

Œeesle : efpeune meeceeefpekeâ Je DeeefLe&keâ meceeueesÛeve 2013 Jejerue leòeâŸeeJe®ve Demes efometve Ùesles keâer, ceje"Jee[Ÿeeleerue Menjer Yeeieeleerue ueeskeâmebKÙeshes#ee «eeceerCe Yeeieeleerue

oeefjõŸejs<esKeeuee rue ueeskeâmebKÙesÛes ØeceeCe ns cees"Ÿee ØeceeCeeJej Deens.

meceejeshe : je°erÙe Je jepÙe heeleUerJej leguevee keâjlee ceje"Jee[Ÿeele oeefjõŸeeÛes ØeceeCe peemle Deens. ceje"Jee[Ÿeele «eeceerCe

Je Menjer oeefjõŸeeÛes ØeceeCe Jee{le Deens. keâejCe Menjer Yeeieele keâceer nesle peeCeeNÙee jespeieej mebOeer, «eeceerCe Yeeieeleerue


Page | 55


ke=â<eerÛeer Deuhe Glheeokeâlee, DeewÅeesefiekeâjCeeÛeer cebo ieleer, efmebÛeveeÛee DeYeeJe, DeeefLe&keâ efJe<ecelee Ùee DeJemLesletve yeensj

ÙesCÙeemee"er mejkeâejÛes ØeÙelve cenlJeeÛes "jle Deens.

meboYe& megÛeer :

1. [e@. JemegOee hegjesefnle – YeejleerÙe DeLe&JÙeJemLee efJeÅee yegkeâ heefyueMeme&Deewjbieeyeeo he=‰ ›eâ. 27 2. mebefohe YeieJeeve keâjb[s – YeejleerÙe oeefjõŸeeÛee Skeâ DeYÙeeme DeLe&mebJeeo Dee@keäšeWyej – ef[meWyej 2012, Keb[ 36,

Debkeâ 3, he=‰ ›eâ. 307-309

3. heeb[gjbie ceneosJe keâ[tkeâj – oeefjõŸeeÛes ceespeceeheve Skeâ mebef#ehle Dee{eJee DeLe&mebJeeo peguew – mehšWyej 2014 Keb[ 38 Debkeâ 2 he=‰ ›eâ. 132-139

4. Øee. jeÙeKesuekeâj / oecepeer – YeejleerÙe DeLe&JÙeJemLee, efJeÅee yegkeäme heefyueMeme& Deewjbiehetje Deewjbieeyeeo, he=‰ ›eâ.

106 5. efpeune meeceeefpekeâ Je DeeefLe&keâ meceeueesÛeve 2013.


Page | 56


MeeUeyee¢e cegueebÛÙee efJekeâemeele meJe&efMe#ee DeefYeÙeeveÛeer Yetefcekeâe : Skeâ DeYÙeeme oUJes oMejLe jeIeespee r

mebMeesOekeâ efJeÅeeLeea, DeLe&MeeŒe efJeYeeie,

[e@] yeeyeemeensye Deebyes[keâj ceje"Jee[e

efJeÅeeheer", Deewjbieeyeeo.

cees] 9923073601

Email : [email protected] ØemleeJevee : JÙeòeâer Je meceepeeÛÙee GVeleerÛes Skeâ cenòJehetCe& meeOeve cnCepes efMe#eCe nesÙe. efMe#eCeecegUs JÙeòeâeruee keâeUeÛÙee

heueerkeâ[s heenCÙeeÛee r Skeâ veJeer Â°er Øeehle nesles. lÙeecegUsÛe efMe#eCeeuee ceeCemeeÛee eflemeje [esUe cnCetve DeesUKeues peeles.

efMe#eCeecegUs ceeCemeele efMemle, veceülee, #eceeefMeuelee, ØeeceeefCekeâheCee Debieer Ùeslees Je lees efJeÛeejMeerue Je e fÛee fkeâlmekeâ yevelee s] lÙeecegUsÛe efMe#eCe ns JÙeòeâer efJekeâeme Je meceepe heefjJele&veeÛes ØecegKe meeOeve ceeveues peeles ]

efJeefJeOelesve s vešuesuÙee DeeefCe ueeskeâMeener meceepeJeeoeÛee mJeerkeâej Je Debiee rkeâej kesâuesuÙee Yeejle osMeeve s DeeheuÙee

IešvesceOÙes mJeeleb$Ùe, mecelee, yebOeglee Je vÙeeÙe Ùee leòJeeÛebe mJeerkeâej kesâuee Deens] Ùee leòJeeÛe ber ¤peJeCetkeâ Ke-Ùee DeLee&ve s efMe#eCeeÛÙee ceeOÙeceeletve nesT Mekeâles] meeceeefpekeâ, DeeefLe&keâ vÙeeÙe ØemLeeefhele keâjCÙeemee"er efMe#eCeeÛe s keâeÙe& cenlJeeÛes Deens.

lÙeecegUsÛe YeejleerÙe mebefJeOeeveeves IešvesÛÙee keâuece 45 DevJeÙes JeÙe Je<ex 6 les 14 Je<ex JeÙeesiešeleerue meJe& ceguee-cegueeRvee ceesheâle

Je meòeâerÛes FÙeòee 8 Jeer heÙeËleÛes ØeeLeefcekeâ efMe#eCe osCes ner Meemeve Je meceepeeÛeer peyeeyeoejer DemeuÙeeÛes ceevÙe kesâues Deens.

mebMeesOeve heOoleer: Øemlegle mebMeesOeve heOole ogÙÙece meeOevemeeceg«eerJej DeeOeeefjle Deens.

mebMeesOeveeÛeer Gefö°Ÿes : 1. meJe& efMe#ee DeefYeÙeeveeÛÙee keâeÙee&Ûee Dee{eJee IesCes.

2. meJe& efMe#ee DeefYeÙeeveeDebleie&le jeyeefJeCÙeele ÙesCee-Ùee ÙeespeveebÛee DeYÙeeme keâjCes.

meJe& efMe#ee DeefYeÙeeve : JeÙe Je<ex 6 les 14 JeÙeesiešeleerue yeeuekeâebvee ceesheâle DeeefCe meòeâerÛÙee efMe#eCeeÛee cetueYetle DeefOekeâej osCee-Ùee

YeejleerÙe jepÙeIešvesÛÙee 86 JÙee lejlegoervegmeej ØeeLeefcekeâ efMe#eCeeÛÙee meeJe&e f$ekeâerkeâjCeeÛes OÙesÙe iee"CÙeemee"er keWâõ mejkeâej

meJe& efMe#ee DeefYeÙeeve ne Ghe›eâce jepÙeeÛÙee menYeeieeves meve 2001-02 Ùee Je<ee&heeme tve jeyeefJele Deens] MeeUe vemeuesuÙee

YeeieebceOÙes veJeerve MeeUe meg¤ keâjCes DeeefCe DemeuesuÙee MeeUebceOÙes Deefleefjòeâ Jeie&KeesuÙee, ØemeeOeveie=ns, hesÙepeue, osKeYeeue Devegoeve, FlÙeeoer yeeyele lejleto keâ¤ve heeÙeeYetle megefJeOee cepeyetle keâjCes ns Ùee keâeÙe&›eâceeÛes OÙesÙe Deens.

meJe& efMe#ee DeefYeÙeeveeÛeer Gefö°Ÿes :

1) efYeVe OeesjCeeÛÙee ceeOÙeceeletve MeeUsyeensj DemeCee-Ùee yeeuekeâebvee MeeUsÛÙee cegKÙe ØeJeenele DeeCeCes. 2) 6 les 14 JeÙeesiešeleerue meJe& yeeuekeâebvee 98 Je<e x MeeuesÙe efMe#eCe GheueyLOe keâ¤ve osCes ÙeeJej cegKÙe Yej Deens.

3) Meeceeefpekeâ DeeefCe efuebieeOeeefjle YesoeJej DeeOeeefjle efJe<ecelesÛeer ojer Ye¤ve keâe{Ces DeeefCe meJe& efJeÅeeLÙeeËvee MeeUsle

efškeâJetve "sJeCÙeeÛee efvekeâejeÛee ØeÙelve keâjCes. 4) 2003 heÙeËle 6 les 14 JeÙeesiešeleerue meJe& cegueebvee MeeUsle oeKeue keâjCes.

5) 2007 heÙeËle FÙeòee heeÛeJeer heÙeËleÛe s opexoej efMe#eCe osCes.

6) ØeeLeefcekeâ efMe#eCeeÛee opee& meceeOeevekeâejkeâ DeeefCe peerJeveGheÙeesieer efMe#eCeeJej Yej osCes. 7) ieUleerÛes ØeceeCe MegvÙe škeäkeäÙeebheÙeËle Keeueer DeeCeCes.

MeeUeyee¢e cegueebmee"er efJeMes<e Ghe›eâce


Page | 57


iejerye heefjefmLeleerle heesšeÛee ØeMve Je DeeefLe&keâ ØeMve mees[efJeCÙeemee"er keâener heeuekeâ DeeheuÙee ueneve cegueebÛeer ceole

Iesleele. lÙeecegUs DeMee kegâšgbyeeleerue lemesÛe DemeneÙÙe efmLelee rle 6 les 14 JeÙeesiešeleerue cegueebvee cepegjer keâjCes Yeeie he[les] ne@šsue, Mesle, yeskeâjer, keâejKeevee, JeeršYeóer FlÙeeoer ef"keâeCeer ner cegue s yeeuecepegjer cnCetve keâece keâjleele] lÙeecegUs efMe#eCeeheemetve lÙeebvee

JebefÛele jneJes ueeieles] lesJne DeMee MeeUeyee¢e ceguee-cegueeRvee MeeUsle oeKeue keâ¤ve iegCeJeòeehetJe &keâ efMe#eCe osCÙeemee"er meJe& efMe#ee

DeefYeÙeeve keâeÙe&›eâceele Deveskeâ veJeerve Ùeespevee, keâeÙe&›eâce DeeefCe Ghe›eâceebÛee meceeJesMe kesâuee Deens] lÙeeceOÙes efMe#eCeeÛÙee heÙee&Ùeer meesÙeer, ceesheâle hee"Ÿehegmlekesâ, efMe#ekeâ Devegoeve, MeeUe Devegoeve Dehebie cegueebmee"er lejleto FlÙeeoer keâeÙe&›eâceebÛee meceeJesMe neslee s]

lesJne DeMee MeeUeyee¢e ceguee-cegueeRvee efMe#eCeeÛÙee cegKÙe ØeJeenele DeeCetve lÙeebvee efMekeâCÙeemee"er DeeJeMÙekeâ lÙee mesJeemegefJeOee

GheueyOe keâ¤ve osCÙeeÛeer cenòJehetCe& Yegefcekeâe meJe& efMe#ee DeefYeÙeeveeÛÙee ceeOÙeceeletve heej hee[ueer peele Deens] Lees[ke äÙeele meJe &

efMe#ee DeefYeÙeeve cnCepes meceepeeÛÙee ceoleerve s 6 les 14 JeÙeesiešeleerue meJe& ceguee-cegueeRvee opexoej efMe#eCeeÛeer mebOeer osTve lÙeebÛÙeeceOeerue ceeveJeer #ecelee bÛee efJekeâeme meeOeCeeje Skeâ ÙeespeveeyeOo keâeÙe&›eâce Deens]

meJe& efMe#ee DeefYeÙeeveDebleie&le jeyee fJeCÙeele ÙesCee-Ùee MeeUeyee¢e cegueebÛÙee Ùeespevee :

meJe& efMe#ee DeefYeÙeeve ceesefncesDebleie&le Meemeveeves MeeUeyee¢e cegueebvee efMe#eCeebÛÙee ØeJeenele DeeCeCÙeemee"er Deveskeâ Øeeslmeenvehej Ùeespevee DeeKeuesuÙee Deensle] keâene r ØecegKe Ùeespevee KeeueerueØeceeCes Deensle]

1) meeKejMeeUe :

ne Ghe›eâce efJeMes<ele: jepÙeeleerue Tmelees[ keâeceieeje bÛÙee cegueebmee"er jeyeefJeuee peelees] jepÙeeleerue 6 les 14 oeKeue JeÙeesiešeleerue meJe& cegues ØeeLeefcekeâ efMe#eCe JÙeJemLesceOÙes oeKeerue JneJeerle Je leer efkeâceeve meeleJeerheÙeËle MeeUsle efškeâeJeerle ns

Gefö°s Ùee Ghe›eâceeÛee r Deensle ] meÅee Tmelees[ keâeceieejebÛÙee cegueebÛeer mebKÙee ceneje°ele heâej cees"e r Deens] jepÙeeleerue meeKej

keâejKeevÙeebceOÙes cees"Ÿee ØeceeCeeJej Tmelees[Ceermee"er meele-Dee" ceefnvÙeebkeâefjlee nbieeceer keâeceieej ueeieleele] lÙeebÛÙee cegueebÛÙee efMe#eCeele Ùee keâeUele Keb[ he[tve lee r MeeUe mees[leele] Ùeemee"er ner cegues MeeUeyee¢e nesTve ieUleer-mLeefieleerÛeer mecemÙee efvecee&Ce

nesles] cnCetve ieUleer mLeefieleer jesKeCÙeemee"er Tmelees[ nbieeceer keâeceieejebÛÙee ceguee bmee"er meeKej MeeUe Meemeveeves efpeune

heefj<eoeceehe &âle meg¤ kesâuesuÙee Deensle] Tme lees[Ceermee"er keâeceieej DeeheuÙee kegâš gbyeemen ieeJeele tve Flej$e mLeuee blej keâjleele lesJne lÙeebÛÙeemee syele ØeeLeefcekeâ MeeUsleerue lÙeebÛÙee cegueebveener Ie sTve peeleele] DeMee ØekeâejÛÙee MeeUe meeOeejCele: mehšWyej Dee@keäšesyej

ceefnvÙeele meg¤ nesleele] lÙee keâejKeevee Ûeeuet DemesheÙeËle Ûeeueleele] meÅee jepÙeele hegCes, Denceoveiej, meesueehetj Je meeleeje

efpeu¢eele Ùee MeeUe meg¤ Deensle]

2) hegmlekeâ hes{er Ùeespevee : jepÙeeleerue efpeune heefj<eoebÛÙee leme sÛe Keepeieer Devegoeveerle ØeeLeefcekeâ MeeUsle hegmlekeâ he s{er Ùeespevee jeyeefJeueer peele s]

[eWiejeU, «eeceerCe, DeeefoJeemeer peeleer Je peceeleer lemesÛe oeefjõŸejs<esKeeueerue FÙeòee hee fnueer les meeleJeerleerue meJe&Ûe cegueebvee ceesheâle

Ùee Ùeespevesceehe&âle hegjefJeueer peeleele] ÙeecegUs ieUleerÛes ØeceeCe keâceer ne sTve efMe#eCeeÛÙee meeJe&ef$ekeâjCeeÛÙee keâeÙe&›eâceeuee ceole Peeueer Deens ] meoj Ùeespevee Deelee

meÅeeuee meJe& efMe#ee DeefYeÙeeve ÙeeceOÙes meceeefJe° keâjCÙeele Deeueer Deens]

3) ceesheâle ieCeJesMe Je uesKeve meeefnlÙe Ùeespevee : jepÙeeleerue ØeeLeefcekeâ e fMe#eCeeleerue FÙeòee heefnueer les Ûee wLeerheÙeËleÛÙee ceeieemeJeieeaÙe efJeÅeeLÙeeËÛeer DevegheefmLeleer Je

ieUleer jesKetve GheefmLele Jee{efJeCÙeemee"er Meemeveeves e foveebkeâ 30 petve 1979 heemetve meojerue Ùeespevee meg¤ kesâueer Deen s]

ØeeLeefcekeâ MeeUeble DevegmetefÛele peeleer, Devegme tefÛele peceeleer, efJecegòeâ peeleer Je YeškeäÙee peceeleerÛÙee cegueebÛeer DeeefCe efJeMes<e keâ¤ve lÙeebÛÙeeleerue cegueeRÛeer hešmebKÙee Je GheefmLeleer heâejÛe keâceer DeeefCe DemeceeOeevekeâejkeâ Demele s] Ùee ceeieeme peeleer-peceeleerÛe bs

ØeeLeefcekeâ mlejeJejerue ieUleerÛes ØeceeCe legueveelcekeâefjlee heenlee peemle Deens] heefjCeecele: ceeOÙeefcekeâ mlej Je lÙeeheg{erue

efMe#eCeele lÙeeÛeer ieUlee r Jee{les] cnCetve ØeeLeefcekeâ MeeUeleerue Ùee meJe& DevegmetefÛele peeleer-peceeleeRÛÙee cegueebÛeer hešmebKÙee MeeUsle Jee{efJeCÙeemee"er GheeÙeÙeespevee cegueebÛeer DeeJeMÙekeâ Deens]


Page | 58


lÙeemee"er ØeeLeefcekeâ MeeUele FÙeòee heefnueer les ÛeewLeerheÙeËle efMe#eCe Iesle DemeuesuÙee DevegmetefÛele peeler-Devegme tefÛele

peceeleer, efJecegòeâ peeler Je YeškeäÙee peceeleerlee rue oeefjõŸejs<esKeeuee rue efJeÅeeLÙeeËvee ieCeJesMeebÛe s mebÛe (hetCe& [sme) DeeefCe ue sKeve meeefnlÙe ceesheâle hegje fJeCÙeele Ùesles]

4) jepeerJe iee bOeer mebOeer MeeUe Ùeespevee :

jepÙeele ner Ùeespevee meve 2004 ceOÙes meg¤ keâjCÙeele Deeueer] efoveebkeâ 15 les 17 ef[meWyej 2004 ceOÙes MeemeveeÛÙee DeeosMeevJeÙes leerve efoJemeelele Pešheš meJex#eCeeÛes keâece keâjCÙeele Deeues Demetve ÙeeceOÙes Meemeveeme Demes efometve

Deeues keâer, DeeleeheÙeËle efJeefJeOe Ùeespevee jeyeJetvener jepÙeele 6 les 14 Je<e & JeÙeesiešeleerue MeeUeyee¢e cegueebÛeer mebKÙee Deepener

Deens] cnCetve pÙee ieeJeele Skeâ e fkebâJee one cegues MeeUeyee¢e Demeleerue lesLes ner Ùeespevee me g¤ keâjCÙeeÛe s "jefJeCÙeele Deeues] ner cegue s ØeeLeefcekeâ efMe#eCeeÛÙee ØeJeenele DeeCeeJeÙeeÛeer Demeleerue lej «eece efMe#eCe meefcelee rves "jeJe osTve ieeJeele ner mebOeer MeeUe me g¤

keâjlee Ùesles]

pÙee ieeJeele mebOeer MeeUe meg¤ Peeuee r lesLes veblej Skeâner efJeÅeeLeea MeeUeyee¢e veener DeMeer uesKeer nceer mejhebÛeebvee r

ÅeeJeÙeeÛeer Demeles ] peer cegues heefnues les meeleJeerle efMekeâle Demeleevee MeeUe mees[uesueer Demeleerue efkebâJee keâOeerÛe MeeUsle ve ie suesuee r Demeleerue DeMee cegueebmee"er jepeerJe ieebOeer mebOeer MeeUe ner Ùeespevee Deens]

5) hee<eeCe MeeUe Ùeespevee :

jepÙeeleerue oie[Keeve keâeceieejebÛee r 6 le s 14 Je<ex JeÙeesiešeleerue MeeUeyee¢e cegues efMe#eCeeÛÙee ØeJeenele DeeCeCÙeemee"er Ùee ÙeespevesÛeer veJÙeeves meg®Jeele meve 2007 heemetve keâjCÙeele Deeuesueer Deens] oie[Keeve keâeceieejebvee vesnceerÛe

melele mLeueeblej keâjeJes ueeieles] lemesÛe keWâõ Je jepÙe Meemeveeves Deveskeâ efJeefJeOe Ùeespevee jeyeJetvene r oie[Keeve keâeceieejebÛee r

DeÅeehener Deveskeâ cegues ØeeLeefcekeâ efMe#eCeeheemetve JebefÛele Deensle] Keeme oie[KeeCe keâece keâjCee-Ùee keâeceieejebÛÙee cegueebmee"er keâece keâjCee-Ùee meblegueve mebmLesves jepÙeelee rue heefnuee r hee<eeCe MeeUe meg¤ kesâueer ] Ùee mebmLesÛes mebmLeehekeâ / me bÛeeuekeâ De@[. yeer. Sce.

jsies Ùeebveer JeeIeesueer efpeune he gCes ÙesLes ner hee fnueer MeeUe meg¤ ke sâkeâuesueer Demetve Denceoveiej, meeleeje, keâesunehetj, yeer[,

Gmceeveeyeeo Je ueeletj efpeu¢eele Ùee MeeUe meg¤ Demetve 4000 cegues ØeeLeefcekeâ efMe#eCeeÛÙee ØeJeenele Deeue sueer Deensle ] cee$e hee<eeCe MeeUe Ùeespevee me bhetCe& osMeele Je jepÙeele jeyeefJeCes oie[KeeCe keâeceieejebÛÙee MeeUeyee¢e cegueebÛÙee Â°erves iejpesÛes Deen s]

Ùee ÙeespevescegUs oie[KeeCe keâeceieejebÛeer 6 les 14 Je<ex JeÙeesiešeleerue cegues ØeeLeeflecekeâ efMe#eCeeÛÙee ØeJeenele Ùeslee rue. lÙeecegUs

ieUleer-mLeefieleer keâceer nesCÙeeme ceole nesF&ue]

6) meeefJe$eeryeeF& hegâues oòekeâ heeuekeâ Ùeespevee : ›eâebleer pÙeesleer meeefJe$eeryeeF& hegâues ÙeebÛÙee veeJeeves SefØeue 1993 meeueer meeefJe$eeryeeF& hegâues ÙeebÛes pevceieeJe veeÙeieeJe

efpeune meeleeje ÙesLes ner Ùeespevee meg¤ keâjCÙeele Deeueer] e fMe#eCeele cegueeRÛes ØeceeCe heâej cees"s Deens] ye-ÙeeÛe cegueebÛÙee yeeyeleerle

lÙeebÛÙee kegâšgbyeeÛeer DelÙeble nueeKeerÛeer DeeefLe&keâ heefjefmLeleer nsÛe lÙee cegueeRÛes MeeUsle ve ÙesCÙeeceeieÛes ØecegKe keâejCe Demet Mekeâle s] lÙeekeâefjlee meeefJe$ee ryeeF& hegâues oòekeâ heeuekeâ Ùeespevesle ØeeLeefcekeâ MeeUslee rue efMe#ekeâ DeMee kegâšgbyeebÛÙee Yesšer IesTve ieefjyeercegUs Jee

DevÙe keâesCelÙee keâejCeecegUs cegueer efMe#eCe JÙeJemLesletve ieUCÙeeÛeer MekeäÙelee Demele s les efveef§ele keâjleele ]

DeMee cegueeRÛÙee efMe#eCeemee"er ØeeLeefcekeâ MeeUsleerue ØelÙeskeâ efMe#ekeâ leme sÛe meceepeeleerue megKe Jemleg, oeveMegj DeeefCe meeceeefpekeâ yeebefOeuekeâer ceeveCee-Ùee JÙeòeâeRvee ojcene ®heÙes 30/- jesKe efkebâJee Jeeef<e&keâ ®heÙes 360/- jesKe efkebâJee ®heÙes

3000/- jesKe SkeâoeÛe meele Je<ee Ëmee"er osCÙeeÛeer efJeveblee r keâjleele] DeMee Øekeâejs Ùee ÙeespevesÛÙee ceeOÙeceeletve oòekeâ cegueeruee

meeleJee rheÙeËleÛes efMe#eCe hetCe& keâjCÙeemee"er DeeefLe&keâ meneÙÙe GheueyOe keâ¤ve efoues peeles] ÙeecegUs cegueeRÛes MeeUsleerue ieUleer-mLeefielee rÛes ØeceeCe keâcee r nesles]

7) cegueeRvee owefvekeâ Ghee fmLeleer Yeòee :

jepÙeeleerue meJe& ØeeLeefcekeâ MeeUsle peeCee-Ùee cegueeRÛes ieUleerÛes ØeceeCe keâcee r keâjCÙeemee"er Je MeeUsle GheefmLeleerÛe s ØeceeCe Jee{efJeCÙeemee"er FÙeòee heefnueer les ÛeewLeer heÙeËleÛÙee heâòeâ MeeUsle peeCee-Ùee DeeefoJeemeer GheeÙeÙeespevee #es$eeleerue meJe &


Page | 59


cegueer lemesÛe DeeefoJeemeer GheeÙeÙeespevee #es$eeJÙeefleefjòeâ jepÙeeleerue DevÙe Yeeieeleerue DevegmetefÛele peeler, Devegme tefÛele peceeleeRÛÙee

cegueeRvee MeeUsle efveÙeefcele GheefmLele jenCÙeemee"er Øeefleefoveer ØelÙeskeâ cegueeruee ®heÙee 1 Ùee ojeves cegueeRÛÙee heeuekeâebvee GheefmLelee r Yeòee osCÙeele Ùeslees] meojerue ÙeespevesÛeer DebceueyepeeJeCeer ÙeesiÙe jerleerves nesCÙeekeâe fjlee efJeefMe° DešeRÛee r hetle&lee keâjCes DeeJeMÙekeâ

Demeles] lÙeeceOÙes MeeUsleerue leer cegueieer oeefjõŸejs<esKeeueerue Demeueer heee fnpes] efleÛeer ceefnvÙeeÛeer GheefmLeleer 80 škeäkeäÙeebhe s#ee peemle

Demeueer heee fnpes] Ùee ÙeespevescegUs ØeeLeefkeâcekeâ MeeUsleerue cegueeRÛÙee GheefmLeleerÛÙee ØeceeCeele Lees[Ÿeeheâej ØeceeCeele keâe nesF&vee efveef§eleÛe Jee{ PeeeuÙeeÛes efometve Ùesle Deens] lÙeeceOÙesner Ùeespevee iejerye Je neslekeâ¤ ceguee RÛÙee efMe#eCeeÛÙee Â°erves ueeYeoeÙekeâ

DemeuÙeeÛes efometve Ùesles

8) MeeuesÙe hees<eCe Deenej (efKeÛe[er) : ØeeLeefcekeâ efMe#eCeeÛes meeJe&ef$ekeâe rkeâjCe keâjCÙeeÛÙee Â°erves lemesÛe ØeeLeefcekeâ MeeUeleerue efJeÅeeLÙeeËÛÙee hešvee WoCeerÛe s

GheefmLeleerÛes ØeceeCe Jee{efJeCes Deee fCe ieUleer mLeefieleerÛe s ØeceeCe keâceer keâjCes Ùeemee"er keWâõ Meemeveeves osMeele meJe&$e MeeuesÙe hees<eCe

Deenej Ùeespevee meg¤ kesâueer] MeeuesÙe hees<eCe Deenej ÙeespevesDebleie&le MeemeveeÛÙee Deve goeefvele MeeUe, mLeefevekeâ mJejepÙe

mebmLeebÛÙee MeeUe, Devegoeefvele DebMele: Deve goeefvele DeeefCe Devehegoeveeme hee$e DemeuesuÙee meJe& Keepeiee r ØeeLeefcekeâ MeeUe, JeefmleMeeeUe, cenelcee hegâue s efMe#eCe nceer keWâõ ÙeespevesDebleie&le Mew#eefCekeâ keWâõs, Devegoeefvele Dehebie Je cegkeâyeOeerj MeeUe FlÙeeoe r

MeeUsleerue heefnueer les heeÛeJeerheÙeËleÛÙee efJeÅeeLÙeeËvee meve 1995-96 heemetve 80 škeäkesâ GheefmLeleerÛÙee DeeOeejs ceefnvÙeeuee leerve

efkeâuees «e@ce leebotU osCÙeele Ùesle neslee ] leLeeefhe cee] meJeexÛÛe vÙeeÙeeueÙeeÛÙee DeeosMeevJeÙes petve 2002 heemetve DeeefoJeemee r Yeeieeleerue efJeÅeeLÙeeËvee DeeefCe peeve sJeejer 2003 heemetve Flej meJe& MeeUele lee botU efMepeJetve osCÙeele Ùesle Deens] Ùee

ÙeespevesDebleie &le keWâõ Meemeveekeâ[tve ceesheâle leebotU hegjefJeuee peelee s DeeefCe Dee@keäšesyej 2004 heemetve ®heÙes 75/- Øeefle efkeäJebšue

ØeceeCes Jeenletkeâ Devegoeve GheueyOe keâ¤ve efoues peeles] 9) JeefmleMeeUe Ùeespevee :

jepÙe Meemeveelehexâ ØeeLeefcekeâ MeeUsÛeer megefJeOee GheueyOe keâ¤ve osCÙeemee"er meJe&meeOeejCeheCes efo[ efkeâueesceeršj

Deblej Je keâceerle keâceer 200 ueeskeâmebKÙee Ùee efJeefnle kesâuesuÙee DešeRÛee r hetle&lee ve keâjCee-Ùee hejble g ØeeLeefcekeâ MeeUebÛee r DeeJeMÙekeâlee DemeCee-Ùee jepÙeeleerue JemlÙee, Jee[Ÿee, iees"s, hee[s, leeb[s DeMee ef"keâeCeer 6 les 14 JeÙeesiešeleerue ceguee-cegueeRÛÙee

efMe#eCeekeâefjlee JeefmleMeeUe ner Ùeespevee Ûeeue t keâjCÙeele Deeueer Deens]

JemeleerMeeUsÛes mJe¤he DeveewheÛeeefjkeâ Demetve ner yengJeie& ØeeLeefcekeâ MeeUe Deens] ieeJeeleerue «eece e fMe#eCe meefceleerÛÙee

"jeJeevegmeej JeefmleMeeUsÛeer ceeieCeer keâjlee Ùesles] JemeefleMeeUsle FÙeòee heefnueer les ÛeewLeer heÙeËleÛee jepÙe MeemeveeÛee efveÙeefcele DeYÙeeme›eâce efMekeâefJeuee peelees] lemesÛe JeefmleMeeUe efveÙeefcele MeeUsØeceeCes he tCe&JesU Je ojJe<eea meesÙeerÛÙee Mew#eefCekeâ keâeueeJeOeerle

efkeâceeve 200 efoJemeekeâefjlee Ûeeuet jenles] ØemleeefJele MeeUsle efkeâceeve 15 efJeÅeeLeea Demeleele ] JemeefleMeeUsmee"er ÙeesiÙe peeiee

GheueyOe keâ¤ve osCÙeeÛeer peyeeyeoejer «eecehebÛeeÙelee rJej Demeles] JemeefleMeeUe JÙeJeefmLele ÛeeueJeCÙeeÛeer mebhetCe& peyeeyeoeje r «eecehebÛeeÙele/ «eece efMe#eCe meefceleer ÙeebÛeer Demetve mJeÙebmesJekeâebÛeer efveÙegòeâer mLeeefvekeâ GcesoJeejeletve MekeäÙeleesJej ceefnueebvee

ØeeOeevÙe osTve efkebâJee yeejeJee r DeLeJee oneJeer GòeerCe& GcesoJeejebÛeer efveÙegòeâer keâjCÙeele Ùesles].

10) cenelcee hegâues efMe#eCe nceer keWâõ Ùeespevee : 6 les 14 Je<e x JeÙeesiešeleerue MeeUeyee¢e cegueebÛÙee FÙeòee heefnueer les ÛeewLeerheÙeËleÛÙee meceue#e e fMe#eCeeÛeer meesÙe

GheueyOe keâ¤ve DeMee cegueebvee ØeeLeefcekeâ e fMe#eCeeÛÙee ØeJeenele ÙesCÙeeÛeer mebOeer GheueyOe keâ¤ve osCÙeele Deeueer=] lemesÛe cegueebÛes JeÙe

Je mebheeoCetkeâ heeleUer ue#eele IesTve FÙeòee meeleJeerheÙeËleÛÙee efMe#eCeeÛeer meesÙe GheueyOe keâ¤ve ØeeLeefcekeâ efMe#eCe hetCe & keâjCÙeeÛeer mebOeer efoueer.

ØeeLeefcekeâ efMe#eCeeheemetve JebefÛele jee fnuesueer peer cegues-cegueer ØeecegKÙeeve s Mesleer, heMegmebJeOe&ve, Tmelees[, efJešYeóer,

Mesleerkeâece FlÙeeoerceOeerue yeeuekeâeceieej lemesÛe Peeshe[heóerceOeerue efvejeOeej cegues-cegueer, nceeueer keâjCeejer, keâÛeje ieesUe

keâjCeejer, hesâjerJeeues lemesÛe Iejie[er DeMee keâ"erCe heefjefmLeleerÛÙee Ieškeâeleerue Deensle] DeeefCe ner cegues efveÙeefcele MeeUsleerue


Page | 60


ØeeLeefcekeâ MeeUsleerue efMe#eCe hetCe& keâjCeej veenerle DeMee cegueebÛÙee efMe#eCeemee"er Meemeveeves cenelcee hegâues efMe#eCe nceer keWâõ

Ùeespevee meg¤ kesâuesueer Deens] 11) meslet MeeUe :

pÙee cegueebvee r ceOetveÛe MeeUe mees[ueer Demesue leme sÛe MeeUsheemetve otj iesueer Demeleerue efkebâJee keâesCelÙeener keâejCeeve s

efMe#eCeele Keb[ he[uee Demesue DeMee cegueebvee keâener ceefnvÙeekeâefjlee efMe#eCeeÛeer mebOeer GheueyOe keâ¤ve osCes Je lÙeeveblej lÙeebvee efveÙeefcele MeeUsle oeKeue keâjCes ner me slet MeeUsÛeer Gefö°s Deensle] Ùee ÙeespevesÛee ueeYe 1 les 14 Je<ex JeÙeesiešeleerue efJeKegjuesuee r

MeeUeyee¢e cegues leme sÛe Skeâekeâer cegues vewmee fie&keâ De[LeàÙeecegUs Je JeÙe keâceer DemeuÙeecegUs MeeUsle oeKeue keâjCÙeeme GMeerj

Peeuesuee Demelee s DeMeer cegues lemesÛe ØeeLeefcekeâ efMe#eCe Iesle Demeleevee ceOÙesÛe MeeUe keâene r keâeueeJeOeer PeeeuesuÙee cegueebkeâefjlee Ùee ÙeespevesÛee ueeYe neslees ] meslet MeeUsle efJeÅeeLÙeeËÛeer efkebâceeve me bKÙee ner 10 les 20 DeMeer Demele s]

12) efJeÅeeLÙeeËvee efMe#eCe heâer, hejer#ee heâer osCes :

DevegmetefÛele peeler, peceeleer Je YeškeäÙee peceeleerleerue efJeÅeeLÙeeËvee lÙeebÛes JeÙe Je GlheVe ue#eele IesTve efMe#eCeeÛÙee meJe& heeleUerJejerue efMe#eCe heâer, hejer#ee Je Flej meòeâerÛeer ÅeeJeer ueeieCeejer heâer, osCÙeeheemetve megš osCÙeele Ùesles ] DeMee ØekeâejÛÙee

heâerÛÙee jkeâceebÛeer heefjhegleea meceepe keâuÙeeCe efJeYeeie keâjle Demeles].

meboYe& metÛeer : 1. ceneje° Meemeve, MeeuesÙe efMe#eCe Je ›eâer[e efJeYeeie.

2. ØeeLeefcekeâ efMe#eCe 2006-07, ÙesjJe[e keâejeie=n cegõCeeueÙe, hegCes, he=. ›eâ.38.

3. keâeUs ßeerefkeâmeve, hee<eeCe MeeUe, owefvekeâ ueeskeâcele], Deewjbieeyeeo 24 ef[meWyej 2007.

4. De®Ce meer.cesnlee, Sueercesvšer SpÙegkesâMeve Fve Fbef[Ùee, De@ve@šerkeâue šsyeue 2006-07, je°erÙe Mew#eefCekeâ Ùeespevee DeeefCe ØeMeemeve ]

5. kegâ®#es$e (ceeefmekeâ), yeeefuekeâe meMeòeâerkeâjCe, «eeceerCe efJekeâeme keâes meceefhe&le, peveJejer 2016, he=] 16.

6. ÙeMeoe, yeeuenkeäkeâ keâ#e, mebMeesOeve Je ØeuesKeve efJeYeeie, ÙeMeJeblejeJe ÛeJneCe efJekeâeme ØeMeemeve ØeyeesefOeveer,hegCes] 7. Ùeespevee (ceeefmekeâ), efMe#eCe, efJekeâeme mecee fhe&le ceeefmekeâ, peevesJeejer 2016, he=] ›eâ. 54, 55.

8. efMejieeJe (2009), ØeeLeefcekeâ efMe#eCe meÅeefmLeleer, mecemÙee Je GheeÙe, heâ[kesâØekeâeMeve, keâesunehetj, mehšWyej 2009.

9. ceneje° Meemeve, meJe& efMe#ee DeefYeÙeeve, DebceueyepeeJeCeer ceeie&oefMe&keâe, 2012-13. 10. keâeUs yeer.Deej., DeeefoJeemeer efJekeâeme Ùeespevee, meboYe& ØekeâeMeve, Deewjbieeyeeo, 2014, he=. ›eâ. 15.

11. nuÙeeU, efMe#eCeØeJeen, ceneje° jepÙe Mew#eefCekeâ mebMeesOeve Je ØeefMe#eCe heefj<eo,hegCes, Dee@iemš 1997, me] e fMe] 5,

Dee@iemš 13, 1996.

12. ueeskeâØeefleefveOeeRÛes ØeefMe#eCe, he=. 51 Je Meemeve efveCe&Ùe heerDeejF2002/3394/Øee] efMe] -1 , efo. 03 ceeÛe & 2003.

13. Meemeve efveCe&Ùe MeeuesÙe hees<eCe efJeYeeie, ›eâ. Heer.Deej.F&./1094/704/2, Øee] efMe] efo] 14 veesJnWyej 1994.

Sme] peer. osJeieebJekeâj (2011), DeeefoJeemeer efJekeâeme ØeMeemeve, ßeer] meeF&veeLe ØekeâeMeve, veeiehetj, he=] ›eâ. 83, 108, 164.


Page | 61


ceneje°eleerue oeefjõÙe js<esKeeueerue kegâštbyeemee"erÛÙee Ùeespevee

Ùeesefielee efkeâmevejeJe jneCes [e@. efohekeâ Yegmeejs

DeLe&MeeŒe efJeYeeie, meneÙÙekeâ ØeeOÙeehekeâ DeLe&MeeŒe efJeYeeie

[e@. yeeyeemeensye Deebyes[keâj ceje"Jee[e Øeefle‰eCe ceneefJeÅeeueÙe hew"Ce. efJeÅeeefhe", Deewjbieeyeeo.

ØemleeJevee :

SkeâefJemeeJÙee Melekeâele peieeuee Yes[meeJeCeejer pJeueble mecemÙee cnCepes oeefjõÙe nesÙe. GlheVe keâceer DemeuÙeecegUs

JÙeòeâer DeeheuÙee iejpeebÛeer hegle&lee keâ® Mekeâle veener.heefjCeeceer meceepeele Demeceevelee efvecee&Ce nesD ve Skeâerkeâ[s Deheâeš ßeerceblee r

lej ogmejerkeâ[s, SkeâeJesUÛÙee DeVeemee"er keâesšŸeeJeOeer ueeskeâ Jeve-Jeve Yeškebâleer keâjleebvee efomeleele. Depegvener keâesšŸeJeOee r ueeskeâebÛÙee peerJeveceeveeÛee mlej DeefleMeÙe efvecve opee&Ûee Demetve DeVe, JeŒe DeeefCe efveJeeNÙeee fMeJeeÙe ns ueeskeâ peerJeve JÙeleerle

keâjle DemeuÙeeÛes e fomeles.heefjCeeceer efYe<eCe oeefjõÙeecegUs meeceeefpekeâ, jepekeâerÙe, DeeefLe&keâ mecemÙee efvecee&Ce nesle Deens.

oeefjõŸeeletve JÙeòeâeriele DeeefCe meeceeefpekeâ efJekeâeme Ie[tve Ùeslees DeeefCe je°eÛee efJekeâeme Kegbšlees cnCegveÛe ’’oeefjõŸe’’ ner Skeâ YeÙeeJen mecemÙee Demetve ÙeeJej efJeÛeej nesCes DeeJeMÙekeâ Deens. ogoxJeeves DeeheuÙee osMeele ieefjyeer, ke gâheesef<ele yeeuekesâ, ceefnuee Je

heg®<eebÛeer mebKÙee peieele meJee&efOekeâ Deens. DeLe&JÙeJemLesÛÙee Jele&ceeve efmLeleerkeâ[s heeefnues lej YeejleeÛee DeeefLe&keâ efJekeâeme

efJe<ecelesletve nesleebvee efometve Ùeslees.Skeâe rkeâ[s DeLe&JÙeJemLesleerue efJeefMe° (20 škeäkesâ) ueeskeâebÛee GÛÛe efJekeâeme lej ogmejerkeâ[s (80

škeäkesâ) pevelesÛee Gheneme heneJeÙeeme efceUlee s. mJeeleb$Ùeeveblej Yeejle mejkeâejves efveÙeespeveeÛÙee me g®JeeleerheemegveÛe Yeejleeleerue oeefjõŸeeÛÙee mecemÙeskeâ[s efJeMes<e

ue#e efoues Deens. efveÙeespevekeâejebveer hebÛeJeeef<e&keâ ÙeespevesÛÙee lemesÛe ke Wâõ Je jepÙeeÛÙee ÙeespevesÛÙee ceeOÙeceeletve oeefjõŸeeÛe s ØeceeCe

keâceer keâjCÙeemee"er efJeMes<e Yej efouee. lÙeele lÙeebveer oeefjõŸe efveceg&ueve efvee fce&leermee"er Meskeâ[es keâeÙe&›eâce jeyeefJeues peele Deensle. Hejbleg, lÙeeÛeer DeeKeCeer Je DeebceueyepeeJeCeer Skeâeeflcekeâ mJe®heeÛeer veene r.Ùeespevee Debleie &le keâeÙe&›eâceeÛeer DebceueyepeeJeCeer Je lÙeebÛe s

mebefveÙeb$eCe Ùeele ØeMeemeveeÛeer peyeeyeoejer, DeewÚese fiekeâ meneÙÙe, pevemenYeeie ne Dehegje Jeešlees.ueeYeOeejekeâebÛÙee efveJe[erheemegve les keâpee&ÛÙee hejlehesâ[erheÙeËle Ùee mebhetCe& Øeef›eâÙesle ØeMeemeveeÛÙee heoeefOekeâNÙeebJej efvee f§ele mJe®heeÛeer peyeeyeoejer DemeuÙeeÛe s

peeCeJele veener.

osMeeÛÙee efJekeâemeeÛÙee meboYee&le keWâõ DeeefCe jepÙe mejkeâeje bÛeer lelJe DeeefCe OeesjCes keâeÙe Deensle lÙeeÛee JesOe IesCe s DeeJeMÙekeâ Deens, oeefjõŸe efvecet&ueve ns efJekeâemeeÛÙee OeesjCeeÛes cenòJeeÛes Gefoo° Deens.

mebMeesOeve Gefö°Ÿes :

1. ceneje°elee rue oeefjõŸejs<esKeeueerue kegâšt byeebÛeer heefje fmLelee r DeYÙeemeCes. 2. ceneje° Meemeveeve s oeefjõŸejs<esKeeueerue kegâšt byeebmee"er jeyeefJeuesuÙee Ùeespevee bÛee DeeYÙeeme keâjCes.

mebMeesOeve ie=efnles :

1. ceneje°elee rue oeefjõŸejs<esKeeueerue kegâšt byeeÛeer mebKÙee cees"Ÿee ØeceeCeele Deens. 2. ceneje° Meemeveeve s oeefjõŸe efvecet&ueveemee"er efJeefJeOe Ùeespevee jeyeefJeuesuÙee Deensle.

mebMeesOeve heOoleer :

meoj mebMeesOeve ogÙÙece meeOevemeece«eerJej DeeOeeefjle Demetve Øemlegle mebMeesOeveemee"er Fbšjvesš, Jele&ceevehe$es, efveÙelekeâeefuekesâ, ceeefmekesâ, DeLe&mebJeeo F. ŒeesleebÛee ØeecegKÙeeves Jeehej keâjCÙeele Deeuesuee Deens.

keWâõ Je jepÙe MeemeveeÛÙee oeefjõŸejs<esKeeueerue kegâštbyeemee"er DemeuesuÙee efJeefJeOe Ùeespevee :

1. Fbefoje DeeJeeme Ùeespevee :


Page | 62


Fbefoje DeeJeeme Ùeespevee jepÙeele SefØeue 1989 heemegve «eeefceCe Yeeieeleerue Iej vemeuesuÙee oeefjõŸejs<esKeeefueue

kegâštbefyeÙeebmee"er Iej yeebOeCÙeemee"er jeyeefJeuÙee peeles. mehšWyej2016 ceOÙes Fbefoje DeeJeeme ÙeespevesÛes veeJe yeouegve ØeOeeveceb$ee r DeeJeeme Ùeespevee Demes keâjCÙeele Deeues. oeefjõŸejs<esKeeefueue kegâštbyeebvee efceUCeejer DeeefLe&keâ ceole 41,000 ®heÙeebJe®ve

70,000 ®heÙes keâjCÙeele Deeueer Deens.

2. jepeerJe ieebOeer «eeefceCe efveJeeje Ùeespevee : jepeerJe ieebOeer «eee fceCe efveJeeje Ùeespevee 1 veesJnWyej 2005 ceOÙes meg® keâjCÙeele Deeueer Deens. ner Ùeespevee

jepÙeeleerue «eeefceCe Yeeieeleerue oeefjõŸejs<e sKeeefueue kegâšt byeemee"er jeyeefJeCÙeele Ùesle Deens. Ùee Ùeespeves Debleie&le

oeefjõŸejs<esKeeefueue ueeYeeLÙee&uee mJele:Ûes Iej yeebOeCÙeemee"er ®. 68,000 Flekesâ Devegoeve efoues peeles. ner Ùeespevee 33 efpeuneheefj<eoebÛÙee efpeune «eeefceCe efJekeâeme Ùeb$evee bceehe&âle jeyeefJeCÙeele Ùesle Deens.

3. peveveer megj#ee Ùeespevee :

«eeefceCe Je veeiejer Yeeieele me bj#eCeelcekeâ Øemegleeruee Øeeslmeenve osJetve lÙeeÉejs pÙeebÛes JeÙe Øeme gleerhetJe& veeWoCeerÛÙeeJesUe r 19 Je<ee &ÛÙee Jej Deens. DeMee oeefjõŸejs<esKeefueue leme sÛe DevegmegefÛele peeler Je peceeleerÛÙee kegâštbyeeleerue ueeYeeLee&ceOeerue ceelee

ce=lÙetØeceeCe Je DeYe&keâ ce=lÙetoj keâceer keâjCes Ùee GösMeeves jepÙeele 2005-06 heemetve peveveer me gj#ee Ùeespevee jeyeefJeueer peele

Deens.

4. DeblÙeesoŸe DeVe Ùeespevee : ner Ùeespevee ef[meWyej 2000 ceOÙes meg® keâjCÙeele Deeuesueer Deens. ner Ùeespevee ieefjyeeleerue ieefjyeekeâ[s ue#e

osCÙeeÛÙee nsletves jeyeefJeueer peele Deens. Ùee ÙeespeveWleie&le jepÙeeuee meg®Jeeleeruee 10.02 ueeKe ueeYeeLeea kegâštbyeeÛe s ue#e "jJetve

osCÙeele Deeues nesles. lÙeeve gmeej oeefjõŸejs<esKeeefueue ieefjyeelee rue ieefjyeebvee 1 ces 2001 heemetve ient Øeleer efkeâuees 2 ®heÙes Je leebotU Øeleer efkeâuees 3 ®heÙes Ùee ojeves DeVe OeevÙeeÛee hegjJe"e keâjCÙeele Ùesle Deens.

5. jceeF& DeeJeeme Iejkegâue Ùeespevee :

meoj Ùeespevee 15 veesJnWyej 2008 heemetve meg® keâjCÙeele Deeueer. Hejbleg, efleÛeer ØelÙe#e DebceueyepeeJeCeer 9 mehšWyej 2010 heemetve jeyeefJeCÙeele Ùesle Deens.Devegme tefÛele peeleer Je veJeyeewOo Ieškeâebmee"er jceeF& DeeJeeme Iejkegâue Ùeespevee ner

ÙeehetJeea meeceeefpekeâ vÙeeÙe efJeYeeieeÛÙee mebÛeeuekeâ meceepe keâuÙeeCe ÙeebÛÙee ceehe&âle jeyeefJeCÙeele Ùesle nesleer. «eeceefJekeâeme Je

peuemebOeejCe efJeYeeieeceehe&âle 21 Dee@keäšeWyej 2010 ÛÙee Meemeve heefjhe$ekeâeve tmeej ner Ùeespevee efpeune «eeefceCe efJekeâeme Ùeb$eveskeâ[s nmleebleefjle keâjCÙeele Deeueer Deens.

6. keâmlegjyee ieebOeer yeeefuekeâe efJeÅeeueÙe Ùeespevee :

meoj Ùeespevee 2004 ceOÙes Mew#eefCekeâÂ°Ÿee ceeieeme iešeleerue Depee, FceeJe Je DeuhemebKÙeebkeâ ke gbâštbyeeleerue MeeUeyeenŸe cegueeRvee opexoej efMe#eCeeÛeer mebOeer efveef§ele keâjCÙeeÛÙee nsletves GÛÛe ØeeLeefcekeâ mLejeJeefjue JemleerMeeUe mLeeheve

keâjCÙeemee"er meg™ DejCÙeele Deeueer Deens.

7. peJeenjueeue vesn™ je°erÙe Menjer hegCe™lLeeve DeefYeÙeeve : nsDeefYeÙeeve 3 ef[meWyej 2005 heemegve jeyeefJeCÙeele Ùesles. MenjebÛÙee megÙeesefpele efJekeâemeemee"er Yeejle mejkeâejCes

ne ceneòJekeâeb#eer keâeÙe&›eâ neleer Iesleuee Deens.Menjer ieefjyeebkeâefjlee cegueYetle mege fJeOee Je Skeâeeflcekeâ ie=nefvecee &Ce Je Peeshe[heóer

efJekeâeme keâeÙe&›eâce Ùee DeefYeÙeeveeÛes GheIeškeâ Deme tve Ùee Ùeespevee jepÙeele jeyeefJeCÙeemee"er ØecegKe mebmLee cnCetve cne[eÛee r vesceCetkeâ keâjCÙeele Deeueer Deens.

8. megkeâvÙee mece=Ooer Ùeespevee :

keWâõ mejkeâejÛÙee ceefnuee Je yeeuekeâuÙeeCe efJeYeeieeceehe&âle cegueeRÛÙee meceeve nke äkeâemee"er DeeefCe DeeefLe&keâ meyeuelesmee"er leÙeej keâjCÙeele Deeuesueer ner Ùeespevee Deens cegueebÛÙee leguevesle cegueeRkeâ[s ogue&#e kesâues peeles, lÙeecegUs cegueeRvee

DeeefLe&keâÂ°Ÿee me#ecelee ØeOeeve keâjCÙeemee"er 1 peevesJeejer 2014 ceOÙes ner Ùeespevee meg® keâjCÙeele Deeueer Deens.


Page | 63


9. megJeCe& peÙebleer Menjer jespeieej Ùeespevee : meoj Ùeespevee 1 ef[meWyej 1997 heemetve keWâõ Meemeve hegjmke=âle Menjer Yeeieeleerue oeefjõŸejs<esKeeefueue kegâštbyeemee"er

jeyeefJeCÙeele Ùesle Deens. 12 JÙee hebÛeJeee f<e&keâ Ùeespeve sle meojerue megJeCe& peÙebleer Menjer je speieej ÙeespevesÛeer hegvej&Ûevee keâ®ve

lÙeeÛes je°erÙe veeiejer Ghepee refJekeâe DeefYeÙeeveeceOÙes ®heeblej keâjCÙeeÛee e fveCe&Ùe efo. 03.09.2013 jespeer PeeuesuÙee keWâõerÙe

ceb$eerceb[UeÛÙee DeeefLe&keâ JÙeJenej meefceleerÛÙee yew"keâerle IesCÙeele Deeuee. 10. ßeeJeCeyeeU mesJeejepÙe efveJe =òeer Jesleve Ùeespevee :

meOÙee keâeÙee&vJeerle DemeuesuÙee ßeeJeCeyeeU mesJee ÙeespevesÛes veeJe yeouetve ’’ßeeJeCeyeeU mesJee jepÙe efveJe=òee r Jesleve

Ùeespevee’’ Demes keâjCÙeele Deeues Deens. ner Ùeespevee efoveebkeâ 1 Dee@iemš 2008 heemetve Deebceueele Deeueer Deens. pÙee JÙeòeâerÛe s JeÙe 65 Je<ee&hes#ee peemle Deens Je lÙeebÛÙee kegâšt byeeÛe s SketâCe Jeeef<e&keâ GlheVe 21,000 hes#ee peemle vemeeJes DeMee JÙeòeâeRvee jepÙe

MeemeveeÛÙee ßeeJeCeyeeU mesJeejepÙe efveJe=òeer Jesleve ÙeespeveWleie&le 600 ®heÙes Øelee r cene efveJe=òeer osCÙeele Ùesles.

11. je°erÙe kegâštbye ueeYe Ùeespevee : je°erÙe kegâštbye ueeYe Ùeespevee 18 Dee@keäše syej 2012 heemetve meg® keâjCÙeele Deeueer Deens. je°erÙe kegâštbye ueeYe

Ùeespevesle 18 les 59 JeÙeesceÙee&oe DemeCeeNÙee oeefjõŸejs<esKeeueerue ueeYeLÙeeËvee ueeYe osCÙeele Ùeslees. Ùee Ùeespevesleerue ueeYeeLÙeeËvee

20,000 ¤heÙes ueeYe osCÙeele Ùeslees. 12. Skeâee flcekeâ «eeceerCeefJekeâeme Ùeespevee :

ner Ùeespevee 1978-79 heemetve ØeeÙeesefiekeâ mJe®heele meg® keâjCÙeele Deeueer. Ùeespeve sÛeer cegKÙe Gefö°Ÿe «eeefceCe

Yeeieeleerue oeefjõŸe ogj keâjCes nesÙe.oeefjõŸejs<esKeeueerue kegâštbye pÙeebÛes Jeeef<e&keâ GlheVe 20,000 ®heÙes hes#ee keâceer Deens lÙee kegâštbyeebvee oeefjõŸejs<esÛÙeeJej DeeCeCÙeemee"er Ùee ÙeespeveWleie&le DeeefLe&keâ meneÙÙe efoues peeles.

13. jepeerJe ieebOee r «eeceerCe efJeÅegleerkeâjCe Ùeespevee :

meoj Ùeespevee 2005 ceOÙes meg® keâjCÙeele Deeueer ne sleer. Ùee ÙeespevesÛee cegKÙe GösMe meJe& «eeceerCe jefnJeemeerÙeebvee Jeerpe GheueyOe keâ®ve osCes ne Deens. Ùee Ùeespevesmee"er 90 škeäkesâ jkeäkeâce keWâõ mejkeâejÉejs DeeefCe 10 škeäke sâ jkeäkeâce «eeceerCe

efJeÅegleerkeâjCe efveieceeÉejs efoueer iesueer Deens.ner Ùeespevee oeefjõŸejs<esKeeefueue meJe& «eeceerCe kegâštbyeerÙeebmee"er Deens.

14. Jeeefucekeâer Debye s[keâj DeeJeeme Ùeespevee :

Ùee ÙeespevesÛeer meg®Jeele 2001 ceOÙes Peeueer Deens.VAMBAY Ùeespevee Skeâ Ieškeâ efvece&ue Yeejle

DeefYeÙeeveebleie &le meecetoeefÙekeâ MeewÛeeueÙeeÛÙee ceeOÙeceeletve Skeâ mJemle DeeefCe meceLe&keâejer JeeleeJejCe GheueyOe Deens. 15. yeeefuekeâe mece=Ooer Ùeespevee :

ner Ùeespevee 1997 ceOÙes meg® keâjCÙeele Deeueer. ceneje° mejkeâejves yeee fuekeâe mece=Ooer Ùeespevee 15 Dee@iemš

1997 veblej pevceuesuÙee oeefjõŸejss<e sKeeefueue kegâštbyeemee"er me g® kesâuesueer Deens. Ùee ÙeespevesÛes cegKÙe Gefö° cegueeryeöue DeeefCe leerÛÙee DeeF& yeöue meceepeele mekeâejelcekeâ Â°erkeâesve efvecee&Ce keâjCes ne Deens.

16. megJeCe&peÙebleer «eece mJebÙejespeieej Ùeespevee :

meoj Ùeespevee keWâõ Meemeveeve s efoveebkeâ 1 SefØeue 1999 heemetve meg® kesâueer Deens. Ùee Ùeespeve Wleie&le keWâõ Je jepÙe

ÙeebÛee efnmmee Devet›eâces 75:25 Demee Deens. Ùee ÙeespevesÛes cegKÙe Gefö° cnCepes oeefjõŸejs<esKeeefueue ueeskeâebÛÙee GlheVeele Jee{

keâjCes Je lÙee kegâštbyeeÛÙee cegueYetle efkebâJee ØeeLeefcekeâ iejpee hetCe& keâjCes ne nesÙe. meceejeshe :

keWâõ Je jepÙe mejkeâej oeefjõŸe efveceg&ueveemee"er efJeefJeOe Ùeespevee jeyeefJele Deens, hejblet, lÙeebÛee hegjshetj Jeehej

oeefjõŸejs<esKeeefueue kegâštbyeebvee nesle Deens keâe? ÙeeÛeer mejkeâejves JesUesJesUer leheemeCeer keâjCes iejpesÛes Deens. pe sCeskeâ¤ve ceneje°elee rue oeefjõŸeeÛes ØeceeCe keâceer nesCÙeeme ceole nesF&ue.

meboYe& :


Page | 64


1. ceneje°eÛee r DeeefLe&keâ heneCeer 2013-14 he=. 186

2. DebkegâMe efÛebleeceCe, megOeerj De[megU 2017 meeceee fpekeâ, DeeefLe&keâ Je ceeveJe efJekeâemeeÛÙee Meemekeâe rÙe Ùeespevee hegCes, he=. 160.

3. ceneveiejheee fuekeâe – Øekeâuhe efJeYeeie Deewjbieeyeeo.

4. jekesâMe ÛeewOejer 2014 veeiejerkeâebmee"er keWâõ Je jepÙe MeemeveeÛÙee efJekeâeme Ùeespevee, uee@ heefyueMeme& he=. 17.

5. ue{e oeefjõŸeeMeer ces 2016 Bulletin Unique Academy Debkeâ 2 he =. 15 Je 16.

Documents

GURUKUL INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH … · Zatapat Marathi Shuddhalekhan, Zatapat Nibandha, Thalak shuddhalekhan, Bahinaichi Gani : Soundrya Aani Samiksha, Arvachin Marathi