GURU GRANTH SAHIB

Camp FATEH Guru Arjan Sahib

May 27 – 30, 2005

Collection of Baani

Guru Nanak carried blank pages with him wherever he went and wrote his compositions

Writings of 15 Bhagats collected by Guru Nanak during his travels

Pothis passed down from first four Gurus

Need for Compilation

Question

Why do you think Guru Arjan Sahib decided to compile the Guru’s baanis even though they were already written down?

Need for Compilation

Gurbaani spread by word of mouth Musicians cutting lines short Poets wrote under name of ‘Nanak’ Amount of baani growing

Eg. Guru Arjan Sahib – 2218 shabads Stray compositions

Need for Compilation

Authentication Standardization Preservation Establish permanence

Compilation of Baanis

Compilation of Baanis

Guru Sahib as editor Eg. Guru Sahib added his own Baanis and

selectively chose baanis of the Bhagats Eg. Added Saloks before Vaars and Bhagat

Baanis for clarificatoin Eg. Shud, Shud Keechai

pauVI ] vfy kIAw vifAweIAw ikCu khxw khxu n jwie ] so krqw kwdru krImu dy jIAw irjku sMbwih ] sweI kwr kmwvxI Duir CofI iqMnY pwie ] nwnk eykI bwhrI hor dUjI nwhI jwie ] so kry ij iqsY rjwie ]24]1] suDu] {pMnw 475}

Gurdwara Ramsar

Installation of Adi Granth

Adi Granth to Guru Granth

Copies of the Granth Arrangement for a 2nd copy of the Granth in

Bohat, 12 scribes supervised by Bhai Banno Corrupted by addition of unauthorized

Baanis and removal of pages, Khari Bir All other copies were made from this copy,

this volume is known as Banno’s Bir Less than 100 copies existed by Guru Teg

Bahadur’s time, location unknown

Adi Granth to Guru Granth

Message of Baani challenged Complaints made to Moghul Rulers that

the Baani contained rebellious writings Emperor Akbar met with Guru Arjan Sahib

and was delighted by the message of truth, offered a gift of gold coins to Guru Sahib

Expressed the support and respect of state

Adi Granth to Guru Granth Transported to Kiratpur

In 1635, Guru Hargobind Sahib shifted his headquarters to Kiratpur and brought the Adi Granth with him

In 1644, the bir was stolen by Dhir Mal who refused to return it to the Guru and kept it at his home in Kartarpur

The bir was obtained forcibly by the Sikhs, but Guru Teg Bahadur Sahib ordered that it be returned to Dhir Mal’s home

Now known as the Kartarpuri Bir

Adi Granth to Guru Granth

Perversion of Baani Enemies of the Sikhs targeted Gurbaani Ram Rai was sent to defend the Adi

Granth in the court of Emperor Aurangzeb

He defied his father and changed a line of Gurbaani to impress the Emperor

Guru Sahib abandoned his son

Adi Granth to Guru Granth

Guru Gobind Singh prepared a new edition of the Granth with Bhai Mani Singh as his scribe at Talwandi Sabo

Bhai Mani Singh

Adi Granth to Guru Granth

Included all the baani in Adi Granth, as well as the baani of Guru Teg Bahadur

Installed the final and current version of the Guru Granth at Nanded in 1705

In 1708, the Guruship was passed to the Guru Granth, ending the physical form of Guru

Damdama Sahib

Eternal Guru

Guruship passed to Guru Granth and Guru Panth

Baba Deep Singh Ji made 4 initial copies 1721, Mata Sundri Ji asked Bhai Mani Singh to

return Guru Granth to Harmandir Sahib 1762, the original Guru Granth was taken to

Kabul with Sikh troops by Ahmed Shah Abdali and lost in battle

Handwritten volumes of Guru Granth stored in Harmandir Sahib

Eternal Guru

Eternal Guru

Attacks on Guru Granth Authenticity of Gurbaani challenged Message misinterpreted Self proclaimed Gurus Volumes of Guru Granth Sahib burned

and destroyed in efforts to erase Gurbaani

Eg. 1984

1984

Guru Arjan Sahib and Pothi Sahib

Question

Once Pothi Sahib was installed at the Harmandir Sahib, who was the Guru?

Guru Arjan Sahib and Pothi Sahib

Composition and Contents

Dhur Ki Baani Not the philosophy, understanding or

reasoning of Guru Nanak’s Message directly from God, and Guru

Nanak was simply the messenger Every word dedicated to the praise

and glory of Vaaheguru

Composition and Contents

Authors 6 Gurus – first 5 and 9th 15 Bhagats 11 Bhatts 2 Maha Purakhs

Gurus

Guru Shabad Astpadi Chant Vaar Total

Guru Nanak 209 123 25 3 360

Guru Angad* 0 0 0 0 0

Guru AmarDas 172 79 19 4 274

Guru Ram Das 264 58 38 8 368

Guru Arjan 1322 45 63 6 1436

Guru Teg Bahadur 59 0 0 0 59

Total 2026 305 145 21 2497

BhagatsBhagat Shabads Saloks

Kabir ** 224 249

Naamdev 61

Ravdaas 40

Trilochan 4

Farid 4 130

Beni 3

Dhannaa 3

Jaidev 2

Bhekhan 2

Parmaanand 1

Saiv/Sain 1

Pipaa 1

Sapnaa/Sadnaa 1

Raamanand 1

Soordaas 1

Guru Arjan *** 3

Total 352

Bhatts and Maha PurakhsBhatt Savaiye

Kalshaar 54

Jaalaap 5

Keerat 8

Bhikhaa 3

Salh 2

Bhalya 1

Nalya 16

Gayand 13

Mathuraa 14

Balya 5

Harbans 2

Total 123

Maha Purakh

Baba Sunder Ramkali Sadd

Sata and Balwand 1 Vaar

Raags and GharsRAAG PAGE RAAG PAGE

1. Siri Raag 14 17. Gond 859

2. Majh 94 18. Ramkali 876

3. Gaurhi 165 19. Nat Naaraayn 975

4. Aasaa 347 20. Maali Gaurhaa 984

5. Gujri 489 21. Maru 989

6. Devgandhaari 527 22. Tukhaari 1107

7. Bihaagarha 537 23. Kedaaraa 1118

8. Vadhans 557 24. Bhairo 1125

9. Sorath 595 25. Basant 1168

10. Dhanaasari 660 26. Saarang 1197

11. Jaithsari 696 27. Malhaar 1254

12. Todi 711 28. Kaanrha 1294

13. Bairaarhi 719 29. Kaliaan 1319

14. Tilang 721 30. Prabhaati 1327

15. Soohi 728 31. Jaijaavanti 1352

16. Bilawal 795

Arrangement of Gurbaani

Index – opening words of each shabads, beginning of Raags, and page

Gurbaani – p. 1 - 1429 Raag Mala – p. 1430

Arrangement of Gurbaani Mool Mantar - p. 1

< siq nwmu krqw purKu inrBau inrvYru Akwl mUriq AjUnI sYBM gur pRswid ]

Nitnem – p. 1 – 13

Baani PageJap 1 So Dar 8Sun Vadha 9So Purakh 10Sohila 12

Arrangement of Gurbaani Baanis in Raag – p. 14 - 1352

Sub-arrangement within each Raag

Type of baani, then author

1. Shabad1. Guru in chronological order2. Bhagats

2. Astpadi1. Guru in chronological order2. Bhagats

3. Chant1. Guru in chronological order2. Bhagats

4. Vaar1. Guru in chronological order2. Bhagats

Arrangement of Gurbaani Baanis not in Raag - p. 1353 - 1430

Baani PageSahaskriti Salok 1353Gatha 1360Phunhe 1361Chauobole 1363Salok Kabir ji 1364Salok Farid ji 1377Svaiye Sri Mukh Vaak 1385Svaiye Bhattan De 1389Salok Vaaran Te Vadheek 1410Salok Mahala 9 1426Mundavni Mahala 5 1429Raag Mala 1429

Languages

Languages Punjabi, Marathi, Hindi, Bengali,

Apbhransh, Brij Bhasha, Prakriti, Sahskrit, Pali, Sanskrit, Pharsi, and Urdu/Arabi.

Evolution of language

NumberingDnwsrI mÚ 5 ]

kir ikrpw dIE moih nwmw bMDn qy Cutkwey ] mn qy ibsirE sglo DMDw gur kI crxI lwey ]1] swD sMig icMq ibrwnI CwfI ] AhMbuiD moh mn bwsn dy kir gfhw gwfI ]1] rhwau ] nw ko myrw dusmnu rihAw nw hm iks ky bYrweI ] bRhmu pswru pswirE BIqir siqgur qy soJI pweI ]2] sBu ko mIqu hm Awpn kInw hm sBnw ky swjn ] dUir prwieE mn kw ibrhw qw mylu kIE myrY rwjn ]3] ibnisE FITw AMimRqu vUTw sbdu lgo gur mITw ] jil Qil mhIAil srb invwsI nwnk rmeIAw fITw ]4]3] {pMnw 671}

Literary Significance

Shabad - ‘revealed word’ Padas

Shabads contain 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, or 16 Eg. Ashtpadi – 8 padas

Chant – origin from folk songs, 52 Vaar – origin from war ballads, 22 Salok – usually couplet, Guru Angad

Laridaar Saroop

Example of Laridaar Saroop:

Awidscujugwidscu]hYBIscunwnkhosIBIscu]1]

Example of Broken Words: Awid scu jugwid scu ] hY BI scu nwnk hosI BI scu ] 1 ]

Thank you!