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Guns, Germs, and Steel
Chapter 9 “Zebras, Unhappy Marriages & the Anna Karenina Principle”
Guns, Germs, and Steel
Animals help humans in many ways
They provide:
Animals help humans in many ways
They provide:
wool to keep humans warm
Animals help humans in many ways
They provide:
milk to drink
Animals help humans in many ways
They provide:
meat to eat
Animals help humans in many ways
They provide:
eggs to eat
Domesticated animal =
Domesticated animal =
an animal bred （繁殖した）in captivity (捕らわれていること)
and different from its wild ancestors
Humans domesticated only 14 species before the 20th century
What do you think are the 5 most important?
Humans domesticated only 14 species before the 20th century
What do you think are the 5 most important? Cow
Humans domesticated only 14 species before the 20th century
What do you think are the 5 most important? Pig
Humans domesticated only 14 species before the 20th century
What do you think are the 5 most important? Goat
Humans domesticated only 14 species before the 20th century
What do you think are the 5 most important? Sheep
Humans domesticated only 14 species before the 20th century
What do you think are the 5 most important? Horse
Humans domesticated only 14 species before the 20th century
Humans domesticated only 14 species before the 20th century
___________
Domesticable animals are often bred to be docile （おとなしい）
around human beings, like the …
___________
Domesticable animals are often bred to be docile （おとなしい）
around human beings, like the …
Wild ancestors of domesticated animals found all over the world but not equally
Wild ancestors of domesticated animals found all over the world but not equally
For example:
Wild ancestors of domesticated animals found all over the world but not equally
South AmericaFor example:
Wild ancestors of domesticated animals found all over the world but not equally
For example: South America - only one large mammal (哺乳動物)
Wild ancestors of domesticated animals found all over the world but not equally
South America - only one large mammal (哺乳動物)
For example:
Wild ancestors of domesticated animals found all over the world but not equally
For example:
Wild ancestors of domesticated animals found all over the world but not equally
Africa
For example:
Wild ancestors of domesticated animals found all over the world but not equally
Africa - many large mammals
For example:
Wild ancestors of domesticated animals found all over the world but not equally
Africa - many large mammals = lions and elephants
Wild ancestors of domesticated animals found all over the world but not equally
Africa - lions and elephants
Wild ancestors of domesticated animals found all over the world but not equally
Africa - lions and elephantsBUT no large domesticable mammals
no large domesticable mammals =
no large domesticable mammals =
limited agriculture
Remember: animals provide…
no large domesticable mammals =
limited agriculture
Remember: animals provide…
no large domesticable mammals =
muscle power - pulling plows
Remember: animals provide…
no large domesticable mammals =
fertilizer (肥料)
Remember: animals provide…
no large domesticable mammals =
clothing
Remember: animals provide…
no large domesticable mammals =
food
Did culture make it easier for Europeans to domesticate large wild mammals?
No Yes
Did culture make it easier for Europeans to domesticate large wild mammals?
No!
Did culture make it easier for Europeans to domesticate large wild mammals?
No! “cultural differences” not the reason!
Today, Africans readily adopt domesticated pets
Today, Africans readily adopt domesticated pets
Humans have a universal fascination with animals
Africans in modern times have tried to domesticate animals and failed
__________ - nasty disposition = mean
Africans in modern times have tried to domesticate animals and failed
Zebra - nasty disposition = mean
Biological (in the animals) or Environmental reason for Africans’ inability to domesticate large mammals
Biological (in the animals) or Environmental reason for Africans’ inability to domesticate large mammals
Zebra - nasty disposition
Biological
Biological (in the animals) or Environmental reason for Africans’ inability to domesticate large mammals
Zebra - nasty disposition
Biological
Cow - could not survive in
much of Africa
Environmental
Qualities that make animals domesticable
Qualities that make animals domesticable
The animal cannot be carnivorous
Qualities that make animals domesticable
The animal must grow quickly
Qualities that make animals domesticable
The animal must be comfortable breeding in captivity (捕らわれていること)
Qualities that make animals domesticable
The animal must not have a “nasty” disposition
Qualities that make animals domesticable
The animal must not have a tendency to panic in danger
Qualities that make animals domesticable
The animal must be used to herding
(i.e., being controlled by a leader) in the wild
Only about 14 animals meet these qualifications -
the 14 animals that have been domesticated since ancient times
Only about 14 animals meet these qualifications -
the 14 animals that have been domesticated since ancient times
Only about 14 animals meet these qualifications -
the 14 animals that have been domesticated since ancient times
Given enough time, humans take advantage of all available resources
