Guns, Germs, and Steel - SUAC Englishsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg... · the Spanish explorer Atahuallpa, the king of the Incas met in present-day Peru. Symbol

Guns, Germs, and Steel

Chapter 2 “A Natural Experiment of History”


Chatham Islands, near New Zealand


Chatham Islands, near New Zealand


1835


Moriori: hunter-

gatherers live on the

islands

Moriori: hunter-

gatherers live on the

islands


Maori - farmers



Maori - farmers:

Moriori - hunter-

gatherers


Maori - farmers:

Moriori - hunter-

gatherers

What happens?


Maori - farmers:

Moriori - hunter-

gatherers

Maori invade and kill all the Moriori


Why were the Maori farmers able to invade and kill all the Moriori hunter-gatherers on

the Chatham Islands?

Maori: farmers

Moriori: hunter-

gatherers

Maori: farmers

Maori have:

social/political organization

weapons

Maori: farmers

Maori have:


weapons

Result: __________________________

Maori: farmers

Maori have:


weapons

Result: they easily defeat the Moriori

Maori: farmers

Irony

Moriori - hunter-gatherers

Maori: farmers

- Same race


Irony

Maori: farmers

- Same race


Irony

- Had lived close beside one another for thousands of years

Maori: farmers

- Same race


- Had lived close beside one another for thousands of years

- Some moved from New Zealand to Chatham Islands

Irony

Polynesia

Polynesia

- Thousands of islands with different:

Polynesia


climate

Polynesia


climate elevation

Polynesia


climate elevation

animals

Polynesia


climate elevation

animals plants

Polynesian islands colonized at about the same time by nomadic hunter-gatherers

Polynesia

same culture, same language = same people/same race

Polynesia

Polynesia “case study” Maori & Moriori

How do environment/geography affect societies

as they branch off in different directions?


Moriori - hunter-gatherers (________)


Moriori - hunter-gatherers (狩猟民族)



Islands couldn’t support farming - too cold!



very small, couldn’t support many people



No strong government



Very simple weapons



Result = Moriori renounced (放棄した) war and agreed to cooperate


Maori - agriculturalists (_______)


Maori - agriculturalists (農耕民族)



- Warm, moist climate, good for growing crops





Larger islands, could support more people = competition for land



Stronger political organization/government



More advanced weapons


Result = Maori are competitive & more aggressive



How do environment/geography affect societies as they branch off in different directions?


Connection between society and geography



Certain climates and certain resources predispose (…を傾かせる)

a group of people to set up a certain kind of society



Certain climates and certain resources predispose (…を傾かせる)

a group of people to set up a certain kind of society

The climate and size of the Maori islands predisposed the Maori to be more violent and have more agriculture


Nomadic people who came to Polynesia were once the same (culture and language)


Geography helped change them into many diverse peoples




Polynesians adapted to their surroundings





Polynesians adapted to their surroundings


(just as the first Homo sapiens did)


soil = agriculture

They made use of available resources


soil = agriculture rock = tools/weapons



soil = agriculture rock = tools/weapons


fish = boats/tools

Chapter 3 “Collision at Cajamarca”



The movement of Europeans to the New World

Europeans (Scandinavians) probably came to the Americas (north-eastern Canada) as early as 900 A.D.

Europeans (Scandinavians) probably came to the Americas (north-eastern Canada) as early as 900 A.D.

Didn’t stay/survive - climate too harsh


Early 1500s


Early 1500s

Large-scale Expeditions

Symbol of the Europeans’ conquest of the New World


Francisco Pizarro, the Spanish explorer



Atahuallpa, the king of the Incas



Atahuallpa, the king of the Incas

met in present-day Peru


Pizarro: less than 200 soldiers



Atahuallpa: 10,000/20,000?

soldiers and on his land



Atahuallpa: 10,000/20,000?

soldiers and on his land

Result?


Pizarro kidnapped Atahuallpa and eventually killed him


Spanish victory over the Inca

Clear demonstration of European society’s “dominance” over the New World

Pizarro was badly outnumbered, and yet he won

How did the Spanish defeat the Inca?


Pizarro defeated the Incas by using:

weapons



horses



deception



deception

Knowledge learned from books, tricks etc.

The Spanish won because…


they had better weapons than the Native Americans (swords, guns)



they had horses (huge, scary and could outrun their opponents)



they had horses (huge, scary and could outrun their opponents)

they had knowledge (strategy)

Actually…

Actually…

Guns didn’t play a big role in Pizarro’s victory (only about 12 guns total)

Actually…


Biggest advantage was …

Actually…


Biggest advantage was …

steel swords, lances (槍) and

steel armor (ひとそろいの甲冑)



weapons, horses, and, to a smaller extent, guns


weapons, horses, and, to a smaller extent, guns


NOT because the Spanish were better or smarter


NOT because the Inca were not as good or not as smart


Material and environmental conditions were the important factors NOT individual human beings’ abilities

Documents

Guns, Germs, and Steel - SUAC Englishsuacenglish.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/6/2/10622941/gg... · the Spanish explorer Atahuallpa, the king of the Incas met in present-day Peru. Symbol