Gunfire Location And Surveillance SystemGroup 3

Denis Alvarado BSCpE Zayd Babamir BSEELuis Salazar BSCpE Christian Kon BSEE

EEL 4915 Senior Design ll

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Goals and Objectives Overview● Listen and detect gunshots● Automatically send alerts● Calculate the direction from which a

gunshot was fired. ● Display location and detection data in a

useful manner.● Self sustaining system after installation

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Project Requirements● General direction of sound location: N, S, E, W● Able to locate target within 200 meters● Final product should cost less than $800● Weight: < 5 lb ● Dimensions: 0.1 m x 0.1 m x 0.1 m ● Less than 20 minutes to setup● Able to distinguish gunshots from other sounds

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Initial Hardware Design

Feature Hardware Specifications

Processor MCIMX6D5EYM10AC ARM Cortex A9 Dual Core, 1.0 GHz, 256k x 8 RAM size

Memory 1.0 Gb of DDR3 RAM at 1.5 V, 1333 MHz operating speed, 8 bit prefetch buffer.

Bluetooth ENW-89841A3KF 2178 kbps Data Rate, -93 dBm Receiver Sensitivity, 1.7- 4.8 V Operating Voltage I2C, PCM, UART Interfaces

GPS A2200-A 1.575 GHz, 48 Channels, -148 dBm Sensitivity, I2C or UART Interface.

FPGA XC3S100E-4VQG100C 100K Gates, 66 I/O lines, 72K block RAM, 100 pin

DPSRAM CY7C026A 16Kb x 16 Organization, 20ns Speed, 256 Kb Density, 4.5-5.5 V Operating Voltage.

Microphones SPM1437HM4H-B 100 Hz-10 KHz Frequency Range, -22 db ±3 dB @ 94 dB Sensitivity, 61.5 dB Signal to Noise Ratio, 1.0-3.25 MHz Sample Frequency

Battery Backup CyberPower LCD 340 W, 600 VA, 7Ah Uninterrupted Power Supply

Solar Panel Instapark 30 W, 17.5 V Max Voltage, 1.68 A Max Current, 21.95 V Open Circuit Voltage

ADC ADC1210S065HN/C1:5, 12 bit resolution, 2 V input Voltage, SPI or Parallel data interface, 13.5 clock cycle latency, 65 Msps sampling rate.

Amplifier TL084CD, 3 MHz Unity Gain, 200 V/mV Amplification

Block Diagram

● Three main modules:○ Audio○ Data Processing○ Power

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Audio Module

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● Four Main Components:○ Microphone Array○ Amplifiers○ A2D○ FPGA

Gunfire Sound Capture

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Microphone Array● Consists of four analog

JFET microphones● With this arrangement

the planar coordinatesand azimuth of gunfiresource can be found

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Wavelet transform ● Provides a method for encoding, denoising, and

producing a down sampled approximation of the signal

● Lowest level approximation can be used to reduce the data to process

● High frequency noise is reduced by encoding low amplidudes to zero

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Flat response from 70 Hz onwards.

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A2D Maxim MAX 11060GUU● 16 bit 4 channel Analog to Digital converter● Selecting this part was a lengthy process as the calculations for

what sampling rate was required for the project changed.Cost $14.40

Maximum Sample Rate 3.07 mega samples per second

Input Mode(s) Differentially driven or single ended

Data Interface Serial (SPI, QSPI, MICROWIRE)

Package Area 6.4x9.7 mm^2

Number of Pins 38

Operating Voltage 3.3 V

SNR at Fin = 62.5 Hz 94.5 dB

ADC Latency 405 uS at Fs = 3.07 MHz

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FPGA Xilinx Spartan 3A● XC3S200A-4FTG256C● Spartan 3A series: I/O optimized● Will be utilizing a minimum of 82 I/O lines● Connected to analog to digital converter with SPI● Captures serial bit output of analog to digital converter, applies the

wavelet transform, encodes the bits, and stores it to system Dual Port SRAM.

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Spartan 3A Specifications

Number of Gates 200k

Number of user I/O Lines 195

Block RAM (18 Kbit units) 288K

Supply Voltage 1.2 V

Number of Pins 256

Area 17x17 mm^2

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Data Processing

Module

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Data Processing Schematic Overview

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Processing Hardware Specifications

Component Specification Purpose

ARM Cortex A9 CPU Dual Core 1.0 GHz Main Processing Unit

DDR3 DRAM 1066 Mhz 1 Gb Module Main RAM Unit

DPSRAM QTY 4: 16Kb x 16 Audio Buffering

PV Panel 30W Mono-crystalline Backup Power Generation

UPS Battery Backup 17Ah @ 1500VA Backup Power Storage

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Processor Choices

Series ARM®, Cortex™A8ARM®, Cortex™A8

ARM® Cortex™ A9

ARM® Cortex™ A9

Speed 720MHz 1.0GHz 1.0GHz 1.0GHz

Cores Single Core 32 bitSingle Core 32 bit

Dual-Core 32 bit

Quad-Core 32 bit

RAM Size 64k x 8 64k x 8 256k x 8 256k x 8

Cost 39.6 43.75 48.37 60.44

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Memory● DDR3 SDRAM

○ Utilized directly by the ARM® Cortex™A9 processor for calculations, operating system resources, and GLASS software resources .

● DPSRAM (Dual-port Static RAM)○ Provides stable buffering for signal processing

while allowing the CPU to read the data while it is still being written.

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GPS● Used to determine the time and relative location of a

gunshot through the data from the audio signals.

● The CPU interfaces with the GPS via UART port.

● Since GLASS only needs to access the GPS timestamp once per gunshot as well as the when GLASS is first initialized.

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SD Card ● GLASS utilizes an SD card for removable data storage

and to store the operating system.

● The removability of the SD card allows for ability to program the GLASS software on another device for ease of use.

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USB Port

schematic

pcb

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UML

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Gunshot Location● Drawing Distance vectors to the sound source, we

relate the vector from each microphone as:

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Gun Fire Determination● Adaptive Boosting Generates optimal “experts” for

determining if a sound is a gunshot.

● Second set of “experts” differentiating between weapon types.

● Once this process is completed, signals can be convolved with the best ones.

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Wireless Communication● Bluetooth for Communication with the Android device

● On receipt of a message, the Android device updates a map with the location of the sound event and a information regarding its source.

● GPS module for getting the time of a sound event event

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Gunshot Sound Detection Methods ● Peak Detection with Thresholding determines when the

recording of the Audio begins● A counter is used to determine the delay of the peak

between each microphone● The FPGA stores a wavelet Transformed decomposition

of a fixed number of samples ● Data is encoded and written to the memory● A fixed location in memory holds the address to this

data

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Peak Detection● Determined by:

if (Mag(n)-Mag(n-1))/2<(Mag(n)-Mag(n-2))/3 && (Mag(n)+Mag(n-1)+Mag(n-2))/3 > threshold

● Once this is true a write flag remains true until a 16 bit counter counts loops back to zero.

● The first Signal to find a peak is then written to Memory

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Peak Detection Logic

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Power Module

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Power Module Specifications

Component Specification Purpose

Goliath PV Panel 40W Monocrystalline Backup Power Generation

CP UPS Battery Backup 17Ah @ 1500VA Backup Power Storage

Intersil ICL7673 Vin: 2.05V-15VInput Trip: 50mV

Automatic Battery Back-Up Switch

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PV PanelSpecifications

Rated Maximum Power 40W

Current at Pmax 2.22A

Open-Circuit Voltage 21.8V

Short-Circuit Current 2.45A

Weight 4Kg

Dimensions 23.3 x 19.5 x 1.2 in

● This panel was chosen because its voltage and current output levels were high enough to charge the back-up battery under 8 hours.

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● CyberPower UPS specs were given in 12V. Table displays 12V → 5V calculations.

● Runtime based on if GLASS runs at maximum load which most times it will be in low power mode.

UPS Battery Back-UpGLASS Real Power (W) 13.0775

Power Factor 0.9

GLASS Apparent Power (VA) 14.5306

GLASS Amps at 5 V (A) 2.9061

CyberPower Cell Ah at 12 V 8.5

CyberPower Cell Number 2

CyberPower Total Ah at 12 V 17

CyberPower Wh at 12 V 204

CyberPower Ah at 5 V 40.8

GLASS Runtime on CyberPower Battery at 5 V (hours) 14.0394

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Power Software● The software is written to keep GLASS in idle mode

until audio sampling occurs, therefore conserving power.

● Processor takes periodic captures of the state of the Power supply

● When the Android app requests information, these snapshots are sent sent to the Android device

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BudgetPart Description Part Number Distributor Qty Price TotalMain ARM CPU A9 MCIMX6D5EYM10AC Digi-key 1 39.9 39.9DPSRAM CY7C026A Digi-key 4 36.80 147.20Memory MT41J128M8JP-15E:G TR Digi-key 2 4.26 8.52Power Supply 285-1417-ND Digi-key 1 18.18 18.18Custom CB N/A PCBFabExpress.com 1 100 100USB Port 2040451-1 Digi-key 2 1.16 2.32USB Flash Drive DT101G2/8GBZET Amazon 1 5.98 5.98Network Adapter E261-5026 Tiger Direct 1 14.99 14.99PV Panel Goliath 40W Amazon 1 84.50 84.50Battery CP1500AVRLCD Amazon 1 159.99 159.99Microphone CMA-4544PF-W Digi-key 10 0.746 7.46Audio Wiring MPC-35-2XRCA-25 Mediabridge 1 11.99 11.99Power Wiring YYPT-POWAKIT8 Tiger Direct 1 17.21 17.21Basys 2 Spartan-3E FPGA Board Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA, -250 die Diligent 1 69.00 69.002:1 Mux SN74AUP1T158DCKR Digi-key 2 .40 .80Temp sensor LM94022BIMGX/NOPB Digi-key 1 1.14 1.14GPS A2235-H Mouser 1 14.42 14.42Bluetooth PAN1721 Digi-key 1 15.01 15.01MicroSD card 16 GB DV7834 Amazon 1 6.19 6.19

Total: 724.80 37

Progress

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Division of Labor

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Issues● Peak detection may require use of smoothing

depending of the noise in the system● Generating the “experts” for gunshot determination will

require a large database of real world sounds● Programming is more complex than anticipated● The nature of the audio data samples requires a large

quantity of individual components within the hardware design to process the data accurately. (e.g. Mics→A2D→DPSRAM→FPGA→CPU)

● Find some parts in the PCB software to complete theschematic is complex

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Questions?

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Peak frequency of nearly all firearms were found to be in the 500 Hzto 1000 Hz range. 13