GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY - mytoolbag.inmytoolbag.in/media/GTUPAPERS/1/2/MECHANICAL/S5/FPE.pdf · Theory Marks Practical Marks ... Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines by

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (19)

FLUID POWER ENGINEERING

SUBJECT CODE: 2151903

B.E. 5th SEMESTER

Type of course: Fundamental

Prerequisite: Elements of Mechanical Engineering

Rationale: The course is designed to provide the detailed understanding of fluid power and different major

equipment which can produce power from fluid.

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Examination Marks

Total

Marks L T P C

Theory Marks Practical Marks

ESE

(E)

PA (M) PA (V) PA

(I) PA ALA ESE OEP

3 0 2 5 70 20 10 20 10 20 150

Content:

Sr.

No.

Content Total

Hrs

% Weightage

1 Hydropower Plant: Introduction, Major applications of hydropower plant,

Classification of hydropower plant, Essential components of hydropower

plant, Advantages and disadvantages of hydropower plant, selection of site for

a hydropower plant

2 5

2 Impact of Jet: Introduction, Force exerted on stationary plate held normal and

inclined to jet, Force exerted on curved plate, force exerted on moving plate

held normal and inclined in direction of moving jet, Force on a plate when

vane is moving in direction of jet, jet striking on curved vane tangentially at

one tip and leaving at other end, jet propulsion in ships

7 20

3 Hydraulic Turbines: Introduction, Classification of turbines, Impulse and

reaction turbines, construction, working and performance of Pelton, Francis

and Kaplan Turbines, Draft tube, Governing of hydraulic turbines, Cavitation

7 20

4 Centrifugal Pumps: Pump classification and selection criterion, Centrifugal

pumps, Velocity vector diagrams, Pump losses and efficiencies, Net positive

suction head, Pressure rise in impeller, Characteristic curves of centrifugal

pumps, priming, maximum suction limit - minimum starting speed to deliver

the discharge, Multistage pumps, cavitation, pump selection

6 12

5 Reciprocating Pumps: Operation of Reciprocating pumps, discharge co-

efficient, volumetric efficiency, slip, work done and power required to drive

reciprocating pumps, effect of air vessels, effect of friction on performance of

reciprocating pump

3 8

6 Reciprocating Compressors: Construction and working, Multistage 3 5

Suggested Specification table with Marks (Theory):

Distribution of Theory Marks

R Level U Level A Level N Level E Level C Level

10 15 25 25 15 10

Legends: R: Remembrance; U: Understanding; A: Application, N: Analyze and E: Evaluate C: Create and

above Levels (Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy)

Note: This specification table shall be treated as a general guideline for students and teachers. The actual

distribution of marks in the question paper may vary slightly from above table.

Reference Books:

1. Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power Engineering by D.S. Kumar, S.K. Kataria & Sons.

2. Fluid Power Engineering by R.N. Patel and V.L. Patel Mahajan Publication

3. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines by R.K. Bansal, Laxmi Prakashan.

4. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines by R.K. Rajput , S.Chand & Co.

5. Turbines, Compressors and Fans by S.M. Yahya., TMH Publishers

6. Fluid Mechanics and Turbomachines by Das, Madan Mohan, PHI Lerning

Course Outcome:

After learning the course the students should be able to:

Learn the benefits and limitations of fluid power compared with other power transmission technologies.

Understand the operation and use of different hydraulic machines like hydraulic crane, fluid coupling

and fluid torque convertor etc.

Formulate and analyze models of hydraulic components.

Design and predict the performance of fluid power components.

List of Experiments:

1. To study about hydropower plant.

2. To Verify Impulse-momentum principle for impact of jet on stationary vane.

3. Performance test on Pelton turbine.

4. Performance test on Kaplan turbine.

5. Performance test on Francis turbine.

6. Performance test on Centrifugal pump.

7. Performance test on Reciprocating pump.

conditions for minimum work, Intercooling, Efficiency and control of air

compressors

7 Rotary Compressors: Introduction, Classification, roots blower, Vane type,

Screw compressor, Scroll compressor

3 5

8 Centrifugal Compressors: Essential parts, Static and total head properties,

Velocity diagram, Degree of reaction, surging and choking, Losses in

centrifugal compressor

3 5

9 Axial Flow Compressors: Construction of an axial flow compressor, Aerofoil

blading, Lift and drag, Performance characteristics

3 5

10 Hydraulic Machines: Construction and working of hydraulic press,

Hydraulic accumulator, Hydraulic intensifier, Hydraulic crane, Hydraulic jack,

hydraulic lift, Hydraulic ram, Fluid couplings, Fluid torque converter and air

lift pump

5 15

8. Performance test on Reciprocating compressor.

9. To study the constructional details of axial flow compressor and draw its characteristics curve.

10. Performance test on Centrifugal compressor.

11. Performance test on Hydraulic ram.

12. To study about hydraulic machines.

Design based Problems (DP)/Open Ended Problem:

1. Develop a working model of hydraulic car lift.

2. Develop a working model of hydraulic crane.

3. Develop a working model of hydraulic turbine (Pelton, Francis and Kaplan).

4. Study about Hydraulics used in Airplane/Jet plane.

5. Study about Optimal selection of Turbines for Hydroelectric power plant.

Major Equipment:

1. Test rig of Pelton turbine

2. Test rig of Kaplan turbine

3. Test rig of Francis turbine

4. Test rig of Centrifugal pump

5. Test rig of Reciprocating pump

6. Test rig of Centrifugal compressor

7. Test rig of Reciprocating compressor

8. Impact of jet apparatus

9. Test rig of Hydraulic ram

List of Open Source Software/learning website:

1. http://nptel.ac.in/

2. http://www.nfpa.com/

ACTIVE LEARNING ASSIGNMENTS: Preparation of power-point slides, which include videos,

animations, pictures, graphics for better understanding theory and practical work – The faculty will allocate

chapters/ parts of chapters to groups of students so that the entire syllabus to be covered. The power-point

slides should be put up on the web-site of the College/ Institute, along with the names of the students of the

group, the name of the faculty, Department and College on the first slide. The best three works should

submit to GTU.

1

Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–V (NEW) - EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2017

Subject Code: 2151903 Date: 01/05/2017 Subject Name: Fluid Power Engineering Time: 02:30 PM to 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70 Instructions:

1. Attempt all questions. 2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary. 3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q1 Answer following short questions 14

(1) Only state essential components of Hydro Electric Power Plant.

(2) Write the Impulse Momentum equation

(3) The maximum efficiency of Jet propulsion with inlet orifices facing the direction of

motion of the ship is given by_______.

(4) Define the specific speed of Turbine.

(5) What is Draft tube?

(6) What is phenomenon of Cavitation?

(7) Give specific speed range of Francis turbine.

(8) State the objective of impellers of pump in series.

(9) What is NPSH?

(10) What is priming?

(11) Why Reciprocating pump cannot run at high speed?

(12) Why clearance volume is provided in Reciprocating Compressor?

(13) What do you understand by Roto-dynamic Pump?

(14) What is meant by a stage in an axial compressor?

Q2 (a) Prove that the force exerted by a jet of water on a fixed semi-circular plate in the

direction of jet when the jet strikes at the centre of semi-circular plate is two times

the force exerted by the jet on a fixed vertical plate.

03

(b) Obtain expression for the efficiency and maximum efficiency of jet propulsion when

inlet orifices are at right angle to ship.

04

(c) A jet of water impinges on a symmetrically curved vane at the centre. The velocity

of the jet is 60 m/sec and the diameter 120 mm. The jet is deflected through an angle

of 1200. Calculate the force on the vane if the vane is fixed. Also determine the force

if the vane moves with a velocity of 25 m/sec in the direction of jet. What will be the

power and efficiency?

07

OR

(c) A jet of water moving with the velocity 12 m/sec impinges on a concave shaped vane

to deflect the jet through 1200 when stationary. If the vane moves at 5 m/sec,

determine the angle of jet so that there is no shock at the inlet. What is absolute

velocity of water at the exit in magnitude and direction? Also find the work done per

unit mass of water. Assume that the vane is smooth.

07

Q3 (a) Explain with neat sketch the functions of three main components of Pelton turbine. 03

(b) Derive the equation of hydraulic efficiency of a Pelton turbine. Obtain condition for

maximum hydraulic efficiency.

04

2

(c) A Pelton wheel is required to develop 4000 kW at 400 rev/min, operating under net

head of 350m. There are two jets and the bucket deflection angle is 1650. Calculate

the bucket pitch circle diameter, the cross sectional area of each jet and the hydraulic

efficiency of the turbine. Make the following assumptions (i) overall efficiency is

85% when the water is discharged from the wheel in a direction parallel to the axis

of rotation(ii) Co-efficient of velocity of nozzle Kv=0.97 and the blade speed ratio

Ku=0.46(iii) relative velocity of water at exit from the bucket is 0.86 times the

relative velocity at inlet.

07

OR

Q3 (a) Draw and explain main characteristic curves of Francis turbine. 03

(b) Explain governing of Francis turbine with neat sketch. 04

(c) Determine the main dimensions for a Francis turbine for the following conditions:

Head 100m, Power 3000 kW, Speed 400 rpm, ηh= 0.89,ηo= 0.86,B1=0.1D1, flow ratio

0.2, D1=2D2, velocity of flow is constant.

07

Q4 (a) Explain the effect of variation of discharge on the head of Centrifugal pump 03

(b) Define the slip in Centrifugal pump. Explain briefly with sketch, the slip in

Centrifugal pump. How it can be eliminated?

04

(c) Test runs on the Centrifugal pump indicate that when driven at 2000 rpm, it

discharges 10 m3/min against a head of 100m. At this capacity the input is 300 kW. If

a geometrical similar pump twice the size runs at 1500 rpm, find its discharge, head

and power for the same efficiency.

07

OR

Q4 (a) What are the functions of air vessels in Reciprocating pump? Where are they located? 03

(b) Compare Reciprocating pump with Centrifugal pump 04

(c) A Centrifugal pump impeller has diameter of 600mm and width of 60mm at the

outlet. The pump runs at 1450 rpm and delivers 0.8 m3/sec against a head of 80m.The

leakage loss after the impeller is 4% of discharge, the mechanical loss is 10kW and

the hydraulic efficiency is 80%.Determine the blade angle at the outlet, the power

required and the overall efficiency of the pump.

07

Q5 (a) Draw a neat sketch, and explain the operation of Hydraulic Accumulator. 03

(b) Explain with the help of neat sketch the principle and operation of Fluid torque

converter.

04

(c) Explain the effect of blade shape of impellers on performance of Centrifugal

compressor. Also classify the blades based on curvature.

07

OR

Q5 (a) Draw a neat sketch, and explain the operation of Hydraulic Crane. 03

(b) Explain with the help of neat sketch the principle and operation of (i) Bramah’s

Hydraulic press.

04

(c) Sketch Symmetrical, Unsymmetrical aerofoil and compressor cascade. Define and

show the important angles, chord, pitch etc.

07

*************


GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–V (NEW) - EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2016

Subject Code:2151903 Date:09/05/2016 Subject Name:Fluid Power Engineering Time:02:30 PM to 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70 Instructions:


1


GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE – SEMESTER – V (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2015

Subject Code: 2151903 Date:08/12/ 2015

Subject Name: Fluid Power Engineering

Time: 10:30am to 1:00pm Total Marks: 70 Instructions:

1. Attempt all questions.

2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.

3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Draw general layout mentioning essential components of hydro power plant.

Explain the function of each components.

07

(b) Classify the Hydro-Electric power plants according to availability of head,

quantity of water and nature of load.

07

Q.2 (a) A Pelton wheel is to be designed for the following specifications:

Power = 9560 kW, Head =350m, Speed =750 rpm, Overall efficiency =85 %

and Jet ratio =6. Determine (i) The wheel diameter (ii) Diameter of Jet (iii) The

number of Jets required. Take Cv =0.985& speed ratio Ku = 0.45.

07

(b) Explain necessity of governing of hydraulic turbine. Describe governing of

Francis turbine with neat sketch.

07

OR

(b) Explain the function of Draft tube. State and sketch types of Draft tube and

explain the importance of cone angle in Draft tube. 07

Q.3 (a) Derive expression for minimum speed for starting a centrifugal pump. 07

(b) The impeller of a centrifugal pump has an external diameter of 450 mm and

internal diameter of 200 mm and it runs at 1440 rpm. Assuming a constant flow

velocity through the impeller at 2.5 m/s and that the vanes at the exit are set

back at angle of 250. Determine (i) Inlet vane angle (ii) The angle, absolute

velocity of water makes with the tangent at the exit and (iii) The work done per

unit weight of water.

07

OR

Q.3 (a) What is cavitation? What are its causes? How it can be prevented in centrifugal

pump. 07

(b) (1) Define and derive specific speed relation for pump. 03

(2) Model power P = 30 kW, Head H = 8m and speed N = 1000 rpm. If the

prototype pump has to work against a head of 25 m, Calculate the speed, the

power required and ratio of flow rates handled by the two pumps. Model to

prototype scale ratio is 1/5.

04

Q.4 (a) Explain the effect of Pre-whirl in centrifugal compressor. State types of

impeller vanes used in centrifugal compressor and show their characteristic

curves.

07

(b) A centrifugal compressor running at 12000 rpm delivers 1.3 m3/s of free air.

The pressure and temperature at inlet are 1 bar and 250C. The compression ratio

is 5, blades are radial at outlet, the velocity of flow is 58 m/s and is constant

throughout. Assume slip factor is 0.9 and isentropic efficiency is 84 % .

Determine (i) temperature of air at outlet, (ii) impeller diameter and blade angle

at inlet and (iii) power required. Assume inlet diameter of impeller half of outlet

diameter of impeller.

07

OR

Q.4 (a) Explain phenomenon of surging and choking in centrifugal compressor with 07

2

neat sketch.

(b) Explain in detail working of a Scroll compressor with neat sketch. 07

Q.5 (a) (1) Draw stage velocity diagram of an axial flow compressor. 03

(2) Give comparison between axial flow and centrifugal compressor. 04

(b) Explain with the help of a neat sketch the principle and operation of

(i) Differential hydraulic accumulator and (ii) Fluid coupling. 07

OR

Q.5 (a) A single acting single cylinder reciprocating air compressor is driven by 25 kW

electric motor. It takes air at 1.013 bar and 180C and delivers it at 8 bar.

Compressor runs at 300 rpm. The index of compression and expansion is 1.32

and the clearance volume is 6 % of the swept volume. Assuming the

mechanical efficiency as 85 % and bore is equal to stroke, calculate the free air

delivery in m3/min, the volumetric efficiency and the bore and stroke of the

compressor.

07

(b) Explain with the help of a neat sketch the principle and operation of

(i) Hydraulic ram and (ii) Hydraulic intensifier. 07

*************

1


GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–V (OLD) - EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2017



Q.1 (a) Prove that the efficiency of propulsion when the inlet orifices face the direction

of motion of the ship is given by

2

2

u

V u

where V is absolute velocity of issuing jet and u is the velocity of ship

07

(b) A jet of water of diameter 4 cm having a velocity 18 m/s and strikes on the

series of vanes. The vanes are so arranged that each vane appears successively

before that jet in the same position and always moves with a velocity of 6 m/s.

Calculate (i) force on the vane (ii) work done (iii) efficiency of system

07

Q.2 (a) Show that the work done per second per unit weight of water in reaction turbine

is given as

1 1 2 2

1w wW V u V u

g

07

(b) Explain the governing of Pelton wheel. 07

OR

(b) Kaplan turbine develops 3 MW under a net head of 6m. In order to avoid

cavitation, the pressure head at entry to the draft tube must not drop more than 5

m below atmosphere. The diameter of the draught tube at inlet is 3 m and

efficiency of draught tube 80%. The overall efficiency of turbine is 86%.

Calculate the maximum height at which the runner may be set above the tail

race level. Assume (pa/ρg) = 10 m of water

07

Q.3 (a) Show that the minimum speed for starting of a centrifugal pump is given by

2 2

min 2 22 1

120 mano wV DN

D D

07

(b) A centrifugal pump delivers oil at the rate of 120 liters/sec against a pressure of

0.6 MPa. Calculate the power required to drive the pump when the overall

efficiency of the pump is 70%. Assume specific gravity of oil is 0.85.

07

OR

Q.3 (a) Describe the working of single stage reciprocating pump. 04

(b) define following in relation with reciprocating pump

(i) slip (ii) % slip (iii) negative slip

03

(c) Single acting reciprocating pump has a piston diameter 0.2 m and stroke 0.38

m. It runs at 50 rpm. An air vessel fitted on delivery side of the pump. The

diameter and length of delivery pipe are 0.1 m and 50 m respectively. Calculate

the power saved in overcoming friction in delivery pipe with air vessel. Take

friction factor 0.01.

07

2

Q.4 (a) Show that the minimum work input to compress the air in two stage

reciprocating compressor is given by 1

23

min 1 1

1

21

1

n

npnW p V

n p

07

(b) A single stage reciprocating air compressor takes in 7.5 m3/min of air at 1 bar

and 27°C. The air is compressed to 5.5 bar polytropically with index n = 1.3.

The clearance is 6% of stroke volume. Calculate (i) temperature of air delivered

(ii) volumetric efficiency (iii) air power (iv) shaft power if ηmech = 90%. (v)

electric motor capacity if ηmotor = 96%.

07

OR

Q.4 (a) Define degree of reaction (R) for a centrifugal compressor stage and prove that

2 22

2

1 cos

2 1 cot

ecR

where ϕ is flow coefficient

07

(b) Define following terms with reference to centrifugal compressor

(i) Isentropic efficiency (ii) Slip factor (iii) Power input factor (iv) Pressure

coefficient

04

(c) Explain surging and choking in centrifugal compressor. 03

Q.5 (a) With a suitable sketch explain the construction and working of axial flow

compressor.

07

(b) Define following terms with reference to axial flow compressor

(i) flow coefficient (ii) blade loading coefficient (iii) work done factor (iv)

radial equilibrium

04

(c) Explain various losses associated in a stage of axial flow compressor. 03

OR

Q.5 (a) Explain with the help of neat sketch the working and principle of hydraulic

press.

07

(b) Explain with neat sketch the working of air lift pump. 07

*************

1


GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER– V • EXAMINATION – WINTER 2016

Subject Code: 151903 Date: 19/11/2016

Subject Name: FLUID POWER ENGINEERING

Time: 10:30AM – 01:00PM Total Marks: 70 Instructions:


2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary and mention them clearly.


Q.1 (a) At a sudden enlargement of a water main from 240mm to 480mm diameter if

hydraulic gradient rises by 10 mm calculate rate of flow.

07

(b) Derive the equation for efficiency of propulsion for ship when orifices face the

direction of motion of ship. Calculate the value of efficiency when Velocity of

ship and absolute velocity of jet are equal.

07

Q.2 (a) Define specific speed for turbine. Derive its equation for hydraulic turbine. Give

classification of hydraulic turbines based on value of specific speed.

07

(b) A Pelton wheel is designed for the following specifications:

Shaft power = 9.56MW , Head = 350 m, speed = 750 rpm, Overall efficiency of

turbine = 85% . Condition is imposed that jet diameter should not exceed 1/6th

of wheel diameter.

Calculate : The wheel diameter, Jet diameter and the number of jet required.

Take : Speed ratio = 0.45 and co-efficient of velocity = 0.985.

07

OR

(b) A Kaplan turbine develops 22 MW at an average head of 35 m. Calculate

diameter of runner, speed and specific speed of the turbine.

Use following data for Kaplan turbine:

Speed ratio = 2, Flow ratio = 6, Diameter of boss = 0.35* Diameter of runner,

Overall efficiency = 0.88 .

07

Q.3 (a) Define and derive equation of NPSH in centrifugal pump ? How its value

significantly affects efficiency of centrifugal pump.

07

(b) A centrifugal pump impeller runs at 80 rpm and has an outlet vane angle is of

600. The velocity of flow is 2.5 m/s throughout and diameter of the impeller at

exit is twice that at inlet. If manometric head is 20 m and manometric efficiency

is 75%, Calculate :

1) Diameter of impeller at exit

2) Inlet vane angle and

3) Tangential velocity of impeller at inlet.

07

OR

Q.3 (a) Draw an indicator diagram for single acting reciprocating pump by considering

effect of acceleration and friction in suction and delivery pipes. Find an

expression for the work done per second for it.

07

(b) A single acting reciprocating pump has a diameter of piston is 100 mm and

stroke length is 200 mm. The length and diameter of suction pipe is 6.5 m and

50 mm respectively. If the suction lift is of the pump is 3.2 m and the separation

occurs when the pressure in the pump falls below 2.5 m of water absolute. Find

the maximum speed in rpm at which the pump can be run without separation in

the suction pipe. Take atmospheric pressure is 763 mm of Hg.

07

2

Q.4 (a) Derive an expression of work done per cycle for reciprocating compressor by

considering clearance volume.

07

(b) Free air delivered by a centrifugal compressor is 20 kg/min. The inlet conditions

are 1 bar and 200C static. The velocity of air at inlet is 60 m/s. The isentropic

efficiency of the compressor is 0.7. The total head pressure ratio is 3. Calculate

a) The total head temperature at exit and b) Power required by the compressor if

mechanical efficiency is 95%.

07

OR

Q.4 (a) Discuss salient features of radial, backward and forward curved vanes in a

centrifugal compressor using velocity triangles and head-capacity curves

07

(b) The mass flow rate of multi stage axial flow compressor is 20 kg/s of air. The

stage efficiency is 0.9. the inlet conditions are 1 bar and 300K. The stage

pressure ratio is constant and the temperature rise in the first stage is 200 C. The

temperature at the end of isentropic compression is 500 K. Calculate i) The

delivery pressure at the end of last stage, ii) The total pressure ratio and iii) The

number of stages.

07

Q.5 (a) Write working principle of hydraulic press. Derive equation for ‘leverage of

press’ and state uses of hydraulic press.

07

(b) Draw p V diagram for two stage reciprocating air compressor. Write

equation for indicated work per cycle and find out optimum intermediate

pressure for minimum work supply.

07

OR

Q.5 (a) Explain in brief working of hydraulic ram with neat sketch. Derive equation for

efficiency.

07

(b) Explain the phenomenon of surging and stalling in an axial flow compressor. 07

*************

1


GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–V- EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2016



Q.1 (a) Derive an expression for the rise of pressure when the flowing water in a pipe is

brought to rest by closing the valve gradually. 07

(b) A pipe line AB of diameter 400mm and length 500m carries water at the rate of 60 liters/sec. the flow takes place from A to B, where point B is 35meter above A. Find the pressure at A if the pressure at B is 19.75 N/cm2. Take f=0.008.

07

Q.2 (a) Derive the condition of maximum hydraulic efficiency for Pelton wheel turbine. 07 (b) The following data relates to a Pelton wheel turbine

(i) Head of base of nozzle=80m (ii) Dia. of the jet=100mm (iii) Discharge of the nozzle=0.30m3/sec (iv) Power at the shaft=206 kw (v) Power absorbed in mechanical resistance=4.5kw Determine the power lost in nozzle and power lost due to hydraulic resistance in the runner.

07

OR (b) Determine the runner diameter and rotational speed of Kaplan turbine having

following particulars (i) Net Available Head=5.5m (ii)Speed ratio = 2.1 (iii)Flow ratio = 0.67 (iv)Overall efficiency = 0.85 (v)Ratio of hub diameter to outside diameter = 0.35 (vi)Power available at shaft of the turbine = 8850kw

07

Q.3 (a) Derive an equation for work done per second of a jet of water striking a moving curved vane tangentially at one tip and leaving at the other.

07

(b) What is jet propulsion? Derive the efficiency of jet propulsion. 07 OR

Q.3 (a) What is degree of reaction? Prove that for Francis turbine degree of reaction is 50%.

07

(b) Explain construction and working of reciprocating pump. 07 Q.4 (a) Show that for a two stage air compressor with perfect intercooling the total

work of compression becomes minimum when the pressure ratio in each stage is equal.

07

(b) A single stage reciprocating air compressor takes in 7.5m3/min of air at 1 bar and 27o. The air is compressed to 5.5 bar polytropically with index n=1.3. The clearance is 6% of stroke volume. Calculate (i)Temperature of air delivered (ii)volumetric efficiency (ii)Air power

07

2

(iv)Shaft power ηmech=90% (v)Electric motor capacity if ηmotor=96%

OR Q.4 (a) Derive an expression for minimum speed of C.F. pump for delivery to

commence. 07

(b) Explain construction and working of submersible pump. 07 Q.5 (a) What is pre-whirl? Sketch the velocity diagram with and without pre-whirl.

What is its effect on pressure ratio developed by centrifugal compressor. 07

(b) Explain surging and stalling related to axial flow compressor. 07 OR

Q.5 (a) Derive an expression for pressure ratio per stage of an axial flow compressor in terms of isentropic efficiency, work done, blade velocity, blade angles and inlet temperature.

07

(b) Explain with neat sketch the construction and working if hydraulic press. 07

*************

1


GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–V EXAMINATION – WINTER 2015

Subject Code: 151903 Date:08/12/2015


Time: 10:30am to 1:00pm Total Marks: 70 Instructions:




Q.1 (a) The following aspects relate to a Pelton turbine: head 72m, speed of wheel 240

rpm, shaft power of wheel 115 k W, speed ratio 0.45, coefficient of velocity

0.98, overall efficiency 85%. Determine diameter of wheel, diameter of jet, size

of buckets, and number of buckets on wheel.

07

(b) Differentiate between the following

1. Impulse turbine and reaction turbine.

2. Reciprocating pump and centrifugal pump.

07

Q.2 (a) Explain the following terms: Cavitation, Multistage pumps, air vessels, priming. 07

(b) Explain how hydraulic turbines are classified. 07

OR

(b) Show that the efficiency of propulsion when inlet orifices face the direction of

motion of a ship is given by ƞ=2u / (v +2u), where v is absolute velocity of

issuing jet and u is velocity of ship.

07

Q.3 (a) Classify air compressors and state application and uses of compressed air. 07

(b) What do you mean by multistage compression? What are its merits over single

stage compression?

07

OR

Q.3 (a) A centrifugal compressor delivers free air at 18 kg/min, air is sucked at static

states of 1 bar, 27 °C with inlet velocity of 50 m/s. The total head pressure

ratio is 4 and isentropic efficiency of compressor is 75%, mechanical efficiency

of motor attached to it is 90%. Determine total head temperature of air at exit

of compressor and brake power required to drive the compressor.

07

(b) Explain the phenomena of surging and choking in centrifugal compressor. 07

Q.4 (a) With neat sketch explain construction and working of hydraulic press. 07

(b) Write short note on “Hydraulic jack,” 07

OR

Q.4 (a) Write short note on “Fluid couplings” 07

(b) A hydraulic press has a ram of 180 mm diameter and a plunger of 36 mm

diameter; with stroke length of 300 mm. Weight exerted by press ram amounts

to 7KN and distance moved is 0.9m in 15 minutes. Determine, force applied on

plunger, number of strokes performed by plunger, work done by press ram and

power required to drive the plunger.

07

Q.5 (a) With usual notation derive general equation for heat loss due to sudden

enlargement.

07

2

(b) The diameter of a horizontal pipe which is 300 mm is suddenly enlarged to 600

mm. The rate of flow of water through this pipe is 0.4 m3/sec. If the intensity of

pressure in smaller pipe is 125 KN/ m2 determine:

1. Loss of head due to sudden enlargement

2. Power lost due to enlargement.

07

OR

Q.5 (a) With usual notations derive Darcy-Weisbach formula for calculating friction

losses in pipes.

07

(b) Explain general lay out and essential components of hydro power plant. 07

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1/2

Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.______________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–V • EXAMINATION – SUMMER • 2015

Subject code: 151903 Date: 11/05/2015


Time: 02.30pm-05.00pm Total Marks: 70

Instructions: 1. Attempt all questions.



Q.1 (a) Explain following terms: Equivalent pipe, Hydraulic gradient line,

Syphon, Water hammer

07

(b) The diameter of a horizontal pipe which is 300 mm is suddenly enlarged

to 600 mm. The rate of flow of water through this pipe is 0.4 m3/ sec.

If the intensity of pressure in the smaller pipe is 125 kN /m2,

determine

1. Loss of head due to sudden enlargement,

2. Intensity of pressure in large pipe,

3. Power lost due to enlargement.

07

Q.2 (a) A jet of water moving with a velocity of 22 m/s impinges on a curved

vane at the one end tangentially. The jet leaves the vane at an angle of

120° to the direction of motion of the vane. The velocity of vane is

10 m/s and the angle of the nozzle is 20°. Determine

1. Vane angle at the inlet and outlet

2. Work done per second per unit mass of water.

07

(b) With neat sketch explain construction and working of hydraulic press. 07

OR

(b) With neat sketch explain construction and working of hydraulic

intensifier.

07

Q.3 (a) What are different characteristics curves for turbines? Differentiate

between main and operating characteristic curves of hydraulic turbines.

07

(b) Each turbine of a hydro power plant operates under a head of 860 m

and produced 6000 k W. The speed of turbine is 600 rpm. Determine

1. The least diameter of the jet

2. The mean diameter of the wheel

3. Jet ratio

4. The number of jets

Assume Cv=0.98, Speed ratio of 0.46 and overall efficiency of 0.88

07

OR

Q.3 (a) What is specific speed? Derive an expression for specific speed of

turbine.

07

(b) A straight conical draft tube with inlet diameter 50 cm and exit diameter

90 cm is of 4 m height. The tube is immersed I m in water. The water

enters the draft tube with a velocity of 5 m/s. taking friction head loss =

20% of velocity head at the entry, calculate

1. Pressure head at the entry

2. Draft tube efficiency

3. Power lost in friction and at exit.

07

2/2

Q.4 (a) Compare the following:

1. Centrifugal compressor and axial flow compressor

2. Screw compressor and Scroll compressor

07

(b) A three stage single acting reciprocating compressor has perfect

intercooling. The pressure and temperature at the end of suction stroke

in L.P cylinder is 1.013 bar and 15° C resply. If 8.4 m3 of free air is

delivered by the compressor at 70 bar per minute and work done is

minimum, calculate

1. L.P. and I. P. delivery pressure

2. Ratio of cylinder volume

3. Total indicated power, assume n=1.2

07

OR

Q.4 (a) In a two stage air compressor in which intercooling is perfect prove that

the work done in compression is minimum when pressure in the

intercooler is geometric mean between initial and final pressure.

07

(b) An axial flow compressor, with compression ratio as 5 draws air at

20°C and delivers it at 50°C. Assuming 50% degree of reaction, find

the velocity of flow if the blade velocity is 100 m/s, also find number of

stages. Take work factor= 0.85, α=10°, β=40° and cp=1 k J/kg K

07

Q.5 (a) Explain the following terms: Multistage pumps, cavitation, Air vessel 07

(b) A triple cylinder pump raises the water level by 100m and the discharge

is 100 lts/ sec. The diameter of the piston is 250 mm and stroke is

600mm. The velocity of water in the delivery pipe is 1.4m/s. The

friction losses amount to 2m in the suction pipe and 18 m in the delivery

pipe. Taking efficiency of the pump as 90 % and slip 2%. Find the

speed and power input of the pump.

07

OR

Q.5 (a) Explain how centrifugal pumps are classified? 07

(b) The inlet and outlet diameter of a impeller of a centrifugal pump are 30

cm and 50 cm. The velocity of flow at the outlet is 2.5 m /s and vane

outlet angle is 45°. Find the minimum speed of the pump required to

start the flow. Take manometric efficiency of 75%.

07

*************

1


GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–V • EXAMINATION – WINTER • 2014

Subject Code: 151903 Date: 03-12-2014


Time: 10.30 am - 01.00 pm Total Marks: 70 Instructions:




Q.1 (a) What do you understand by minor energy losses in pipe ? Derive expression for

the Loss of head due to sudden contraction in the pipe.

07

(b) A horizontal pipe, 15cm in diameter is joined by sudden enlargement to a 20cm

diameter pipe. Water is flowing through it at the rate of 3 m3/s. Find the loss of

head due to sudden enlargement and the pressure difference in the two pipes. If

the change of section is gradual without any loss what would be the change in

pressure?

07

Q.2 (a) Explain construction and working of Pelton wheel turbine and derive expression

for maximum hydraulic efficiency of Pelton wheel turbine.

07

(b) The internal and external diameter of the Francis turbine are 1.0m and 0.6m

respectively. Hydraulic efficiency is 90%.Net head is 36m and velocity of flow at

outlet is 2.5m/s and discharge is radial at outlet. If guide vane angle at outlet is

150and width of wheel is 10cm at inlet and outlet. Find

(i) Speed of the turbine

(ii) Guide blade vane angle

(iii) Vane angle of runner at inlet

(iv) Volume flow rate of turbine

(v) Power developed.

07

OR

(b) A Kaplan turbine runner is to be designed to develop 9100kw. The net available

head is 5.6m. If the speed ratio is 2.09, flow ratio is 0.68 overall efficiency is

86% and the diameter of boss is 1/3 times the diameter of runner. Find the

diameter of the runner ,it’s speed and Specific speed of the turbine.

07

Q.3 (a) Give classification of Centrifugal pump and derive expression for the minimum

starting speed of the centrifugal pump.

07

(b) A centrifugal pump impeller has internal and external diameter 480mm and

240mm respectively. It is running at 1000 rpm. The rate of flow through the

pump is 0.0576 m3/s and velocity of flow is constant and is equal to 2.4 m/s. The

diameter of suction and delivery pipes are 180mm and 120mm respectively and

suction and delivery heads are 6.2m(abs) and 30.2m of water respectively. If the

power required to drive the pump is 23.3 KW and the outlet vane angle is 450.

Find

(i) Inlet vane angle

(ii) Overall efficiency

(iii) Manometric efficiency

07

OR

Q.3 (a) Compare Reciprocating pump with Centrifugal pump. Draw theoretical indicator

diagram of reciprocating pump and explain function of air vessel. 07

2

(b) A double acting reciprocating pump running at 50rpm, delivers 40 litres per

seconds has following specifications:

Piston diameter=300mm, Poston rod diameter = 50mm, Storke= 400mm,

Suction head= 4m, Delivery head= 8m. Calculate

(i) Slip

(ii) Force required to operate the pump during forward and reverse stroke of

piston.

(iii) Power required to drive the pump.

07

Q.4 (a) With neat sketch explain construction and working of hydraulic Ram.

07

(b) A jet of water having velocity of 15 m/s strikes a curved vane which moving

with a velocity of 5 m/s in same direction as that of jet inlet. The vane is so

shaped that the jet is deflected through 1350. The diameter of jet is 10cm.

Assuming the vane to be smooth, find

(i) Force exerted by jet on the vane in the direction of motion.

(ii) Power exerted on the vane, and

(iii) Efficiency of the vane.

07

OR

Q.4 (a) With the help of velocity triangles and head-capacity curves, discuss

salient features of radial, backward and forward curved vanes in a

centrifugal compressor.

07

(b) A centrifugal air compressor draws in air at temperature of 270C running at

18000 rpm. The outer diameter of blade tip is 550mm, slip factor is 0.82,

Isentropic total head efficiency is 0.76. Calculate

(i) The temperature rise of air passing through the compressor.

(ii) The static pressure ratio.

Assume the velocities of air at inlet and outlet are same. Take Cp=1.005

KJ/kg K

07

Q.5 (a) With usual notations derive an expression for indicated work of reciprocating air

compressor by considering clearance. 07

(b) Atmospheric air at 1 bar and 200C is taken into a simple compressor having zero

clearance. It is compressed according to law PV1.2=constant to the constant

discharge pressure of 4 bar. The discharge is taken through a regulating valve

into a closed vessel of 3m3 capacity. Here the initial conditions were 1 bar and

200C and after charging for 4.2 minutes were 3.5bar and 250C. Calculate

neglecting clearance of compressor

(i) The volume of air taken per minute if measured at atmospheric

conditions.

(ii) The indicated power required to drive the machine.

07

OR

Q.5 (a) With suitable sketch explain the working principle of an axial flow compressor.

Draw the stage velocity triangles.

07

(b) Explain Root blower with the neat sketch and derive expression for the Roots

efficiency.

07

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1


GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–V • EXAMINATION – SUMMER • 2014







4. Assume suitable additional data if required.

Q.1 (a) Derive an expression for ratio of outlet area of nozzle to the area of pipe for

maximum transmission of power 07

(b) Find the maximum power transmitted by a jet of water discharging freely out of

nozzle fitted to a pipe 250m long and 120mm diameter with co-efficient of

friction as 0.01 and the available head at nozzle is 110m.

07

Q.2 (a) Prove that the velocity of the vanes should be half the velocity of jet for

maximum efficiency for a series of flat vanes held normal to the axis of the jet 07

(b) A jet of water having a velocity of 20 m/s strikes a curved vane, which is moving

with a velocity of 10m/s. The jet makes an angle of 30° with the direction of

motion of vane at inlet and leaves at an angle of 130° to the direction of motion

of vane at outlet. Calculate (i) Vane angles, so that the water enters and leaves

the vane without shock. (ii) Work done per second per kg of water striking the

vane

07

OR

(b) Draw a neat diagram of a hydraulic intensifier and Explain its working. 07

Q.3 (a) Derive the expression for maximum hydraulic efficiency of a Pelton wheel

turbine. 07

(b) A pelton wheel is required to develop 1500 kW under a net head of 150 m at a

speed of 450 rpm. Assuming the following data:

Coiefficient of velocity jet = 0.96, Speed ratio= 0.45, overall efficiency= 85 % ,

The jet diameter d to be 1/10 of the mean diameter of the wheel D,

Calculate:

(i) the mean diameter of the wheel.

(ii) the diameter of the jet.

(iii) the number of jets required.

07

OR

Q.3 (a) State the functions of a draft tube and Explain with neat sketches different

types of draft tubes 07

(b) Describe with a sketch the working of a governing system for Francis turbine 07

Q.4 (a) Derive expression for the pressure rise in the impeller of the centrifugal pump

by neglecting the frictional and other losses in the impeller. 07

(b) Find the rise in pressure in the impeller of a centrifugal pump through water is

flowing at the rate of 15 liters per second.. The internal and the external

diameters of the impeller are 0.20m and 0.40m respectively. The width of the

impeller at inlet and outlet are 1.6cm and 0.6cm.The pump is running at

1200rpm. The water enters the impellers radially at inlet and impeller vane angle

at outlet is 30°. Neglect losses through the impeller.

07

OR

Q.4 (a) Discuss the various characteristic curves of a centrifugal pump. 07

(b) What is an air vessel? Explain with a neat sketch the working of air vessels in a

reciprocating pump. 07

2

Q.5 (a) Derive an expression for the optimum value of the intercooler pressure in a two

stage reciprocating air compressor when inter cooling is perfect. 07

(b) A two stage air compressor takes in 3.0 m 3 of air per minute at a pressure of 1.0

bar and temperature of 25°C. It delivers the air at 9.0 bar. The compression is

carried out in each cylinder according to law PV25.1

= constant. The air is cooled

to its initial temperature in intercooler.

Find the minimum power required to drive the compressor neglecting the

clearance volume.

07

OR

Q.5 (a) Explain with a suitable sketch construction and working of an axial flow

compressor. 07

(b) Explain the phenomenon of surging, stalling and choking in a centrifugal

compressor. 07

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1/2


GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–V • EXAMINATION – WINTER 2013







Q.1 (a) Water at the rate of rate of 400 litres per second is flowing through a

diverging duct AB. The pressure head at A is 8m and its elevation above the

ground is 4m. The point B is 8m above the ground. If the frictional losses are

2m, calculate the pressure head at B and draw the energy line. The diameter

of the duct at A and B are 30cm and 60cm respectively.

07

(b) With usual notations derive an expression of Darcy Weis-bach equation. 07

Q.2 (a) A small ship driven by reaction jets and discharging astern is estimated to

have a relative velocity of 12m/s when moving at 30km/h.

The cross-sectional area of the jets at discharge is 240cm². Find the

resistance to the motion of ship and propulsive work.

If water enters through orifices facing the direction of motion of

ship and pump is 85 % and frictional losses in the pipe are equivalent to

3.6m of water head, calculate :

(i) Power required to drive the pump,

(ii) Overall efficiency of propulsion.

07

(b) A jet of water having a velocity of 40 m/s .impinges without shock on a

series of vanes moving at 12m/s. The jet is making an angle of 20° with the

direction of motion of the vane. Relative velocity at outlet is 0.9 times the

relative velocity at inlet and absolute velocity of water at exit is normal to

the direction of motion of the vane. calculate :

(a)Vane angles at inlet and outlet.

(b)Work done on the vane per kg of water.

(c)Efficiency.

07

OR

(b) Derive an expression for calculating efficiency for radial vane for jet striking

a moving curved vane tangentially at one tip.

07

Q.3 (a) The gross available head for a pelton wheel is 600 m out of which one third

is lost due to friction in the penstock which takes water to the nozzle of the

pelton wheel. The rate of flow of water through the nozzles fitted at the end

of the penstock is 2 m³/s. The angle of deflection of jet is 165°.The reduction

in relative velocity while passing through buckets as 15 percent.

Take speed ration Kᵤ = 0.45 and coefficient of velocity Cᵥ = 0.978,

D/d=1/10, ηmech=95%, Determine.

a) Power developed by the turbine ,

b) Hydraulic efficiency ,

c) The unit power , and

d) The dimensionless specific speed.

07

(b) State causes of cavitation in hydraulic turbine and methods of avoiding it. 07

OR

2/2

Q.3 (a) A reaction turbine and its draft tube have a vertical axis. The pressure head

in the spiral casing at inlet is 48 m above atmospheric pressure and the

velocity of water is 6 m/s. The water flow through the tube is 2.1m³/s, and

the hydraulic and overall efficiencies are 83% respectively. The top of the

draft tube is 1.2 m below the center line of the spiral casing while the tail

race is 3.9 m below the top of the draft tube. The diameter of the draft tube

at inlet is 0.75m and that at the tail race level 1.05 m. Determine :

(i) Total head across the turbine,

(ii) Shaft power,

(iii)Head lost in turbine and draft tube,

(iv) Power lost in mechanical friction

07

(b) State advantages and disadvantages of Francis turbine over Pelton turbine. 04

(c ) How are hydraulic turbines classified? 03

Q.4 (a) An axial flow compressor draws air at 20°C and delivers it at 50 °C.

Assuming 50% reaction calculate the velocity of flow if blade velocity is

100 m/s, work factor as 0.85 assume α=10°, β=40°, calculate the number of

stages.

07

(b) With neat sketch explain construction and working of Scroll compressor. 07 OR

Q.4 (a) In a three-stage compressor air is compressed from 98 k Pa to 20 bar.

Calculate for 1m3 of air per second.

i. Work under ideal condition for n=1.3.

ii. Isothermal work.

iii. Saving in work done due to multistage.

iv. Isothermal efficiency.

07

(b) Compare reciprocating compressor and centrifugal compressor. 03

(c ) Define following terms: Power input factor, slip factor, Pressure coefficient,

Pre-whirl.

04

Q.5 (a) During a test on a centrifugal pump the following readings were obtained

Pressure gauge reading =1.32bar

Vacuum gauge reading =300 mm of Hg

Effective height between gauges=0.45m

Power of electric motor=22 k W

Discharge of pump= 85 lts./ sec

Diameter of delivery pipe=150 mm

Diameter of suction pipe=200 mm

Determine overall efficiency of pump

07

(b) Write brief note on: Hydraulic intensifier OR hydraulic ram. 07

OR

Q.5 (a) Write brief note on: Multi-stage Centrifugal pump. 07

(b) Prove from the first principles that the work saved in a single–acting

reciprocating pump by fitting an air vessel is 84.8%.

07

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1/2


GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–V • EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2013

Subject Code: 151903 Date: 21-05-2013 Subject Name: Fluid Power Engineering Time: 10.30 am - 01.00 pm Total Marks: 70 Instructions:


Q.1 (a) With usual notations derive an expression for head loss due to sudden

enlargement in pipe. 07

(b) A 2500 m long pipeline is used for transmission of power 120 KW. The power is to be transmitted through the pipe in which water having pressure of 4000 K N/ m2 at inlet is flowing. If the pressure drop over the length of pipe is 800 K N/m2 and f=0.006 calculate

i. Diameter of pipe and ii. Efficiency of transmission.

07

Q.2 (a) Sketch and describe a modern method of regulation to maintain

constant speed for Pelton turbine. Explain performance characteristic curves of pelton turbine.

07

(b) A conical draft turbine tube having inlet and outlet diameter 1.2m and 1.8m discharges water at outlet with a velocity of 3m/s. The total length of draft tube is 7.2 m and 1.44 m of the length of draft tube immersed in water. If the atmospheric pressure head is 10.3 m of water and loss of head due to friction in draft tube is equal to 0.2 x velocity head at outlet of tube determine

i. Pressure head at inlet and ii. Efficiency of draft tube.

07

OR (b) A Kaplan Turbine produces 25MW operating under a head of 40 m.

The blade tip diameter is 2.5 times the hub diameter and the overall efficiency is 0.9. If the speed and flow ratio are 2.0 and 0.6 resply, calculate the diameter and speed of the turbine.

07

Q.3 (a) A jet of water moving with velocity 22m/s impinges on a curved vane at

the one end tangentially. The jet leaves the vane at an angle of 120° to the direction of motion of the vane. The velocity of vane is 10m/s and angle of nozzle is 20°.Determine

i. Vane angle at inlet and outlet, ii. Work done per second per init mass of water.

07

(b) With neat sketch explain construction and working of hydraulic torque convertor.

07

OR Q.3 (a) Show that the efficiency of propulsion when the inlet orifice face the

direction of motion of ship is given by η=2u/V+2u, where V is the absolute velocity of issuing jet and u is velocity of ship.

07

(b) Write short notes on: Hydraulic intensifier and Air lift pump 07

2/2

Q.4 (a) Explain the following

i. Influence of inlet and outlet blade angles on performance of centrifugal compressor

ii. Testing of pump as per B.I.S.

07

(b) A double acting reciprocating pump is fitted with an air vessel on suction side close to pump. The suction lift of pump is 4.5m. The length and diameter of suction pipe are 7.5m and 80mm resply. The stroke of piston and its diameter both are 200 mm each. Coefficient of friction is 0.01. The atmospheric pressure head is 10.3m and separation pressure head 2.5m of water absolute. Determine

i. The speed at which separation commences ii. Maximum permissible speed without air vessel.

07

OR Q.4 (a) With neat sketch explain construction and working of Mud pump and

deep well pump 07

(b) The impeller of centrifugal pump is 1m in diameter and rotates at 1500 rpm. The blades are curved backward and make an angle of 30° to the tangent at the periphery. Calculate the power required if the velocity of flow at outlet is 20m/s. Determine the head to which water can be lifted when a diffuser casing reduces the outlet velocity to 60%.

07

Q.5 (a) With usual notations derive an expression for indicated work of

reciprocating air compressor by considering clearance. 07

(b) In an axial flow compressor, overall stagnation pressure achieved is 4 and overall stagnation isentropic efficiency 85%. The inlet stagnation pressure and temperature are 1 bar and 300 K resply. The mean blade velocity is 180m/s. degree of reaction 50% at mean radius with relative air angles of 12° and 32° at rotor inlet and outlet resply. The work done factor is 0.9 calculate

i. Stagnation polytropic efficiency ii. Inlet temperature and pressure iii. Number of stages iv. Blade height in first stage , if ratio of hub to tip diameter is 0.42

, mass flow rate is 19.5 Kg/s.

07

OR Q.5 (a) With neat sketch explain construction and working of Scroll

compressor. 07

(b) Calculate the power required to run the vane compressor and its efficiency, when it handles 6m3 of air per minute from 1 bar to 2.2 bar. The pressure rise due to compression in compressor is limited to 1.6 bar. Assume mechanical efficiency of compressor 80%.

07

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