GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY AUTOMOBILE …Students will discriminate between various screws by measuring their dimensions ... Angle gauge c. Angle dekkor d. Sine bar and sine

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING (15) &

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (19) MECHANICAL MEASUREMENT & METROLOGY

SUBJECT CODE: 2141901

B.E. 4th SEMESTER

Type of course: Under Graduate level

Prerequisite: Nil

Rationale:

Measurement and Metrology deals with the application of science in Mechanical Engineering. It

provides a means of assessing the suitability of measuring instruments, their calibration, and the

quality control of manufactured products. A product that is not manufactured according to

metrological specifications will have to incur heavy costs of comply with the specifications later.

Any compromise in quality creates rapid negative sentiments in the market and cost of recovering

the original market position would be quite high. Hence, an organization should strive towards a

ZERO – DEFECT regime in order to survive in a highly competitive market, ensuring this aspect

of manufacturing is the responsibility of a quality control engineer, who must be completely

familiar with measurements and metrology and also their limitations.

By educating in the area of Measurement and Metrology students will enable to seek employment

in engineering upon graduation while, at the same time, provide a firm foundation for the pursuit

of graduate studies in engineering.

Teaching and Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Credits Examination Marks Total

Marks L T P C Theory Marks Practical Marks

ESE

(E)

PA (M) PA (V) PA

(I) PA ALA ESE OEP

3 0 2 5 70 20 10 20 10 20 150

Content:

Sr. No. Content Total

Hrs

%

Weightage

1 Mechanical Measurement: Need of mechanical measurement, Basic definitions: Hysteresis,

Linearity, Resolution of measuring instruments, Threshold, Drift,

Zero stability, loading effect and system response. Measurement

methods, Generalized Measurement system, Static performance

characteristics, Errors and their classification.

03 7%

2 Linear and angular measurements: 07 15%

Linear Measurement Instruments, Vernier calliper, Micrometer,

Interval measurements: Slip gauges, Checking of slip gauges for

surface quality, Optical flat, Limit gauges, Problems on

measurements with gauge.

3 Measurement of Force, Torque and Strain:

Force measurement: load cells, cantilever beams, proving rings,

differential transformers.

Measurement of torque: Torsion bar dynamometer, servo

controlled dynamometer, absorption dynamometers. Power

Measurements.

Measurement of strain: Mechanical strain gauges, electrical strain

gauges, strain gauge: materials, gauge factors, theory of strain

gauges and method of measurement, bridge arrangement,

temperature compensation.

06 14%

4 Displacement, Velocity/Speed, and Acceleration,

Measurement: Working principal of Resistive Potentiometer, Linear variable

differential transducers, Electro Magnetic Transducers,

Mechanical, Electrical and Photoelectric Tachometers,

Piezoelectric Accelerometer, Seismic Accelerometer,

04 7%

5 Temperature measurement:

Temperature Measuring Devices: Thermocouples, Resistance

Temperature Detectors, Thermistor, Liquid in glass Thermometers,

Pressure Thermometers, Pyrometer, Bimetallic strip. Calibration

of temperature measuring devices, Numerical Examples on Flow

Measurement.

04 12%

6 Metrology:

Basics of Metrology, Need for Inspection, Accuracy and Precision,

Objectives, Standards of measurements.

02 4%

7 Metrology of Gears and screw threads:

Gear tooth terminology, Sources of errors in manufacturing of

gears, Measurement of tooth thickness: Gear tooth vernier,

Constant chord method, Addendum comparator method and Base

tangent method, Measurement of tooth profile: Tool maker’s

microscope or projector, Involute tester, Measurement of pitch,

Measurement of run out, Lead and Backlash checking.

Measurement of concentricity, Alignment of gears.

Screw Thread Measurement:

Errors in threads, screw thread gauges, measurement of element of

the external and internal threads, thread calliper gauges.

06 12%

8 Metrology of Surface finish:

Surface Metrology Concepts and terminology, Analysis of surface

traces, Specification of surface Texture characteristics, and Method

of measuring surface finish: Stylus system of measurement, Stylus

probe instruments, Wave length, frequency and cut off, other

methods for measuring surface roughness: Pneumatic method,

Light Interference microscopes, Mecrin Instruments.

06 12%

9 Comparators:

Functional Requirements, Classification, Mechanical Comparators, 03 7%

Suggested Specification table with Marks (Theory):

Distribution of Theory Marks

R Level U Level A Level N Level E Level

7 14 21 14 14

Legends: R: Remembrance; U: Understanding; A: Application, N: Analyze and E: Evaluate and above Levels

(Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy)

Note: This specification table shall be treated as a general guideline for students and teachers. The actual

distribution of marks in the question paper may vary slightly from above table

Reference Books:

1. Engineering Metrology and Measurement, N V Raghavendra and Krishnamurthy, Oxford

University Press,

2. Engineering Metrology and Measurements, Bentley, Pearson Education

3. Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements, 3rd Edition, Richard S Figliola, Donald E

Beasley, Wiley India

4. Metrology and Measurement, Anand Bewoor & Vinay Kulkarni McGraw-Hill

5. Doebelin's Measurement Systems Ernest Doebelin, Dhanesh Manik McGraw-Hill

6. Instrumentation, Measurement and Analysis, B.C. Nakra, K.K. Chaudhry McGraw-Hill

7. A Text book of Engineering Metrology, I C Gupta, Dhanpat Rai Publications

8. A course in Mechanical Measurements and Instrumentation, A K Sawhney, Dhanpat Rai

Publications

9. Mechanical Measurements and Instrumentations, Er. R K Rajput, Kataria Publication(KATSON)

10. Mechanical Measurement and Metrology by R K Jain, Khanna PublisherMechanical Measurement

& Control by D.S. Kumar.

11. Industrial Instrumentation & Control by S K Singh, McGrawHill

12. Mechanical Measurements by Beckwith & Buck, Narosa publishing House

Course Outcome:

After learning the course the students should be able to:

1. Students will describe basic concepts of Metrology

2. Students will select linear measuring instrument for measurement of various components

3. Students select angular and taper measurement devices for measurement of various

components

4. Students will discriminate between various screws by measuring their dimensions

Mechanical Optical Comparators, Electrical Comparators,

Pneumatic Comparators.

10 Miscellaneous Metrology:

Precision Instrumentation based on Laser Principals, Coordinate

measuring machines: Structure, Modes of Operation, Probe,

Operation and applications. Optical Measuring Techniques: Tool

Maker’s Microscope, Profile Projector, Optical Square. Basics of

Optical Interference and Interferometry, Optoelectronic

measurements,

04 10%

Total Hours 45 100%

5. Students will separate different gears through measurement of various dimensions of gears

6. Students will discriminate capabilities of machining process by measuring surface finish of

the component produced

7. Students will evaluate quality of surface produced using various methods

8. Students will describe basic concepts of mechanical measurement and errors in

measurements.

9. Students will select appropriate temperature measuring device for various applications

10. Students will describe methods of measurement for various quantities like force, torque,

power, displacement, velocity/seed and acceleration

List of Experiments:

Following experiments are suggested for Laboratory work

1. Basic understanding of measurements and metrology: concepts, application, advantage and future

aspects

2. Performance on linear and angular measurements and check different characteristics of

measurements

3. Performance on Temperature measurements and check different characteristics of measurements

and also do calibration

4. Performance on Temperature measurements and check different characteristics of measurements

and also do calibration

5. Performance on Stress, strain and force measurements and check different characteristics of

measurements and also do calibration

6. Performance on Speed/Velocity, acceleration measurements.

7. Performance on surface measurements

8. Performance on measurements of gears and screw threads

Important Note:

80 % From above suggested laboratory work should be covered and remaining 20 % is as per facility

available at Department.

Design based Problems (DP)/Open Ended Problem:

All above performance are to be carried out in the laboratory and students will prepare experiments and

note down reading and conclusion. The can prepare for calibration and compare results with existing and

with alternate methods of measurements. At least 5 open ended problems are proposed for better

understanding the subject and to apply real life application. The projects are listed below:

1. Calibration of temperature measuring devices

2. Design and prepare for strain/force/torque measurements experiments

3. Setup preparation and experiments on linear and angular measurements

4. Experiment for gear and screw thread measurements

5. Setup preparation and experiments on Displacement, Speed/Velocity and acceleration measurement

Major Equipment:

1. Temperature Measurements Equipments/Devices/Sensors

2. Stress/Strain/Force Measurements Equipments/Devices/Sensors

3. Surface Measurements Equipments/Devices/Sensors

4. Linear/Angular Measurements Equipments/Devices/Sensors

5. Resistive Potentiometer, Tachometers, Piezoelectric Accelerometer

6. Gears/Screw Threads Measurements Equipments/Devices/Sensors

7. Miscellaneous measurements equipments

List of Open Source Software/learning website:

1. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112106138

ACTIVE LEARNING ASSIGNMENTS: Preparation of power-point slides, which include videos,

animations, pictures, graphics for better understanding theory and practical work – The faculty will allocate

chapters/ parts of chapters to groups of students so that the entire syllabus to be covered. The power-point

slides should be put up on the web-site of the College/ Institute, along with the names of the students of the

group, the name of the faculty, Department and College on the first slide. The best three works should

submit to GTU.

http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112106138

Academic `

Laxmi Institute of Technology, Sarigam

Automobile Department

Year: 2018-19 `ASSIGNMENT: 1

Name of Subject: MECHANICAL MEASUREMENT & METROLOGY Date:

Subject Code : 2141901

Chapter/Unit: 1 Mechanical Measurement

Sr.

No. Name of Question Remarks

1 State and explain five basic elements of measuring system

2 Describe with net sketch International prototype meter (Material length standard) stating

material composition and limitation

3 Differential line standard and end standard

4 Explain various types of Errors in measurement and state how they can take care of.

Date of Submission: -

Name & Sign of Subject In-charge:

Academic



Year: 2018-19 ASSIGNMENT: 2



Chapter/Unit: 2 Linear & Angular measurements

Sr.


1

Explain construction , working and principle of following:

a. Vernier caliper b. Vernier depth gauge c. Vernier height gauge

d. Telescopic gauge e. Combination square set f. Slip gauge g. Sigma comparator

h. Johansson mikrokator i. Dial indicator

2 Explain with sketch the construction and working of micrometer. Explain how least count is

found and reading is taken. What is zero error?

3


a. Vernier bevel protractor b. Angle gauge c. Angle dekkor

d. Sine bar and sine Centre e. Autocollimator f. Clinometers



Academic






Chapter/Unit: 3 Measurement of Force, Torque and strain

Sr.


1 Explain different types of load cell.

2 Explain absorption dynamometers.

3 Explain Mechanical strain gauge.

4 Explain bridge arrangement.

5 Explain gauge factor.



Academic






Chapter/Unit: 4 Displacements, Velocity/Speed, and Acceleration,

Measurement

Sr.


1 Explain working principle of Resistive potentiometer.

2 Explain Linear variable differential transducer.

3 Explain electric and photoelectric techometers.

4 Explain piezoelectric Accelerometer.



Academic






Chapter/Unit: 5 Temperature Measurements

Sr.


1 Explain the construction and working of a resistance thermometer and thermocouple

with a neat sketch.

2 Compare advantages of thermocouple and thermistors.

3 Explain filled system thermometers.

4 Explain radiation and optical pyrometer.

5 List and explain with neat sketch types of expansion thermometer stating applications



Academic






Chapter/Unit: 6 Metrology

Sr.


1 Define metrology. Explain clearly difference between primary, secondary, Tertiary

and working standards of length.

2 Explain Line standard and end standard

3 What are the advantages of wavelength standard?

4 Describe with net sketch International prototype meter (Material length standard)

stating material composition and limitation



Academic






Chapter/Unit: 7 Metrology OF Gear and Screw Thread

Measurement

Sr.


1 Explain with neat sketch three wire method of measuring effective diameter of screw

thread.

2 What is an effective diameter of threads? State its significance. Explain with sketch

Measurement of effective diameter by two wire method stating limitation.

3 Calculate the chord length and its distance below the tooth tip for gear of module 4 and

20 degree pressure angle.

4 Explain Parkinson gear tester with neat sketch.

5 Describe with sketch the construction and use of gear tooth vernier caliper. How is the

gear tooth thickness at PCD measured?



Academic






Chapter/Unit: 8 Metrology of Surface Finish

Sr. No.

Name of Question Remarks

1 Explain Surface Texture and Elements of surface Roughness.

2 With the help of a neat sketch explain the working of Tomlinson’s surface meter and

Profilometer.

3 Explain alignment test for lathe machine.

4

Explain following terms used in surface finish:

a. Roughness b. Waviness c. Effective profile d. Center of profile e. Lay



Academic






Chapter/Unit: 9 Comparators:

Sr.


1


• Sigma comparator

• Johansson mikrokator

• Reed type comparator

2 Explain with sketch the construction and working of Pneumatic

Comparators.

3 Why comparator is require and write classification of comparator.

4 Compare the relative merits and demerits of mechanical, optical and

pneumatic comparator.



Academic






Chapter/Unit: 10 Miscellaneous Metrology

Sr. No.

Name of Question Remarks

1 Explain precision instrumentation based on laser principle.

2 Explain Optical measuring techniques.

3 Explain Tool maker’s microscope.

4 Explain profile projector.



1

Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–IV (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2017

Subject Code: 2141901 Date:21/11/2017 Subject Name: Mechanical Measurement & Metrology Time: 02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70 Instructions:

1. Attempt all questions.

2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.

3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

MARKS

Q.1 (a) Define the terms: Measurand; Range; Least count 03

(b) Differentiate between following:

(1) Threshold and Resolution

(2) Accuracy and Precision

04

(c) Explain various modes of measurements with example. 07

Q.2 (a) What is wringing of slip gauges? Explain with neat sketch. 03

(b) Discuss construction and working of telescopic gauge with neat

sketch. 04

(c) Explain use of sine bar with neat sketch; also write advantages and

limitations of sine bar. 07

OR

(c) Explain construction and working of micrometer clinometers with

neat sketch. 07

Q.3 (a) Explain the proving ring in brief. 03

(b) Explain prony brake dynamometer with neat sketch. 04

(c) What is the use of load cell? List types of load cell and explain any

one of them in detail. 07

OR

Q.3 (a) With neat sketch explain piezoelectric accelerometer. 03

(b) Explain stroboscope in brief. 04

(c) What is LVDT device? Explain construction and working of LVDT

with neat sketch, also write advantages and limitations of LVDT. 07

Q.4 (a) Compare thermocouple and thermistor. 03

(b) Explain construction and use of bimetallic thermometer. 04

(c) Describe the construction and working of RTD with its advantages

and disadvantages. 07

OR

Q.4 (a) With neat sketch discuss gear tooth vernier caliper. 03

(b) Explain parkinson gear tester with neat sketch. 04

(c) Discuss elements of screw thread with neat sketch. 07

Q.5 (a) With neat sketch explain following elements of surface texture:

Roughness; Waviness; Lay 03

(b) Explain pneumatic method of evaluating surface finish. 04

(c) Explain following methods of specifying roughness value:

Peak-to-valley height method; Centre-line-average method; Root

mean square method.

07

OR

2

Q.5 (a) What is comparator? Give its classification. 03

(b) With neat sketch explain working of Johansson Mikrocator. 04

(c) What is CMM? Explain different configuration of CMM with neat

sketch. 07

*************


GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–IV (NEW) - EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2018

Subject Code:2141901 Date:24/05/2018 Subject Name:Mechanical Measurement & Metrology Time:10:30 AM to 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70 Instructions:

1. Attempt all questions. 2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary. 3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

MARKS

Q.1 (a) Define the terms: (i) Precision (ii) Backlash (iii)Static error. 03

(b) (i) Differentiate between Precision and Accuracy.

(ii) Compare Line Standard and End Standard.

04

(c) Explain construction and working of Piezo Electric accelerometer

with neat sketch. Also state advantages and limitation.

07

Q.2 (a) Describe (i) Profile Error (ii) Pitch Error and (iii) Runout Error in

terms of Gear.

03

(b) Explain the working principal of Pneumatic comparators with neat

sketch.

04

(c) Explain working of Tool Maker’s Microscope with neat sketch and

its application.

07

OR

(c) What is RTD? Briefly describe construction and working of RTD. 07

Q.3 (a) State what is maximum and minimum material limits according to

Taylor’s principal.

03

(b) What is Sine Bar? Discuss working of Sine bar when component is

of large size.

04

(c) State working principal of Micrometer and explain its construction,

working with sketch.

07

OR

Q.3 (a) What is measurement error? Classify errors and explain any one in

short.

03

(b) Classify resistance strain gauge and explain any two. 04

(c) Explain working of rope brake dynamometer also state advantages

and limitation.

07

Q.4 (a) Explain transducer. 03

(b) Explain only working of Gear tooth vernire calliper with sketch and

list its limitation.

04

(c) Define following Gear tooth terminology 1. Pitch circle 2. Circular

Pitch 3. Module 4. Addendum 5. Dedendum 6.Face 7. Flank.

07

OR

Q.4 (a) Compare Resistance thermometer and Thermistor. 03

(b) List source of errors in filled system thermometers and explain any

one.

04

(c) What is Optical flat? Describe flatness checking using optical flat. 07

Q.5 (a) Explain the Root Mean Square value. 03

(b) Explain working of Proving Ring. 04

(c) Explain the methods of measuring surface finish. 07

OR

Q.5 (a) Explain the characteristics of good comparator. 03

(b) Compare comparator and measuring instrument. 04

(c) Explain construction and working of Reed type mechanical

comparator.

07

1


GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BE - SEMESTER–IV (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2018

Subject Code:2141901 Date:05/12/2018 Subject Name:Mechanical Measurement & Metrology Time: 02:30 PM TO 05:00 PM Total Marks: 70 Instructions:

1. Attempt all questions. 2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary. 3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 (a) Explain working principle of Piezoelectric Accelerometer with neat sketch. 03

(b) Differentiate the term (1) Limit and Span

(2) Reproducibility and Repeatability 04

(c) Explain Generalized Measurement System using suitable example. 07

Q.2 (a) State the working principal of Vernier Caliper. How least count of Vernier

caliper can be calculated? 03

(b) Define Thermometric Fluid. List name of Thermometric fluid. State

Characteristics of good Thermometric fluid 04

(c) Explain micrometer Screw with neat sketch, working principle, Construction

and Least count. 07

OR

(c) Explain the procedure to measure angle using Sinbar table and state it’s

limitation. 07

Q.3 (a) Differentiate Accuracy & Precision 03

(b) Write a short note on Errors in Screw Thread. 04

(c) Explain Constant chord method for gear tooth measurement. 07

OR

Q.3 (a) Give comparision between involute and cycloidal gears. 03

(b) Distinguish between Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and working standards of

length. 04

(c) Explain Three wire method for screw thread measurement. 07

Q.4 (a) Explain surface texture characteristics. 03

(b) Explain adverse effect of poor surface finish. 04

(c) Classify torque and power measurement techniques. Explain torsion bar

dynamometer. 07

OR

Q.4 (a) Define Errors & Classify the Errors. 03

(b) Write a Short note on LVDT. 04

(c) Sketch and describe the construction and working of Tomlinson surface

roughness tester. 07

Q.5 (a) Explain Eddy current Dynamometer. 03

(b) Write short note on Optical Flat. 04

(c) Classify the Comparators and explain Sigma Comparators with neat sketch. 07

OR

Q.5 (a) Explain the calibration of Thermometer. 03

(b) Write short note on LVDT with respect to force measurement 04

(c) Explain Tool Maker’s Microscope with neat sketch. 07

*************

Laxmi Institute of Technology , Sarigam

Approved by AICTE, New Delhi; Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad

Academic Year 2018-19

Centre Code: 086 Examination : Mid Sem I

Branch: Mech/Auto Engineering Semester: IV Sub Code: 2141901

Sub: Mechanical Measurement & Metrology Date: 30/01/2019

Time: 09:00 to 10:00 a.m

Marks: 20

Q1 Define metrology. Explain clearly difference between primary, secondary, Tertiary and working

standards of length. 4

Q2 Describe with neat sketch the construction, working of a vernier caliper. Draw the sketch

indicating reading of 22.3 mm on vernier caliper? 6

OR

Q2 Describe with neat sketch the construction, working, precaution and sources of errors of a

micrometer. 6

Q3(A) Differentiate following terms:

i. Accuracy and precision ii. Threshold and Resolution 5

Q3(B) Explain sigma comparators with neat sketch. 5

OR

Q3(A) Explain Generalized Measurement System using suitable example. 5

Q3(B) Explain the construction and working of dial indicator with inside and outside mechanism 5

Laxmi Institute of Technology , Sarigam

Approved by AICTE, New Delhi; Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad

Academic Year 2018-19

Centre Code: 086 Examination : Mid Sem I

Branch: Mech/Auto Engineering Semester: IV Sub Code: 2141901

Sub: Mechanical Measurement & Metrology Date: 30/01/2019

Time: 09:00 to 10:00 a.m

Marks: 20

Q1 Define metrology. Explain clearly difference between primary, secondary, Tertiary and working

standards of length. 4

Q2 Describe with neat sketch the construction, working of a vernier caliper. Draw the sketch

indicating reading of 22.3 mm on vernier caliper? 6

OR

Q2 Describe with neat sketch the construction, working, precaution and sources of errors of a

micrometer. 6

Q3(A) Differentiate following terms:

ii. Accuracy and precision ii. Threshold and Resolution 5

Q3(B) Explain sigma comparators with neat sketch. 5

OR

Q3(A) Explain Generalized Measurement System using suitable example. 5

Q3(B) Explain the construction and working of dial indicator with inside and outside mechanism 5

Academic `



Year: 2018-19

Name of Subject:

MECHANICAL MEASUREMENT & METROLOGY


Question Bank

1. State and explain five basic elements of measuring system

2. Describe with net sketch International prototype meter (Material length standard) stating

material composition and limitation

3. Differential line standard and end standard

4. Explain various types of Errors in measurement and state how they can take care of.

5. Explain construction , working and principle of following:

a. Vernier caliper b. Vernier depth gauge c. Vernier height gauge

d. Telescopic gauge e. Combination square set f. Slip gauge g. Sigma comparator

h. Johansson mikrokator i. Dial indicator

6. Explain with sketch the construction and working of micrometer. Explain how least count

is found and reading is taken. What is zero error?


a. Vernier bevel protractor b. Angle gauge c. Angle dekkor

d. Sine bar and sine Centre e. Autocollimator f. Clinometers

8. Explain different types of load cell.

9. Explain absorption dynamometers.

10. Explain Mechanical strain gauge.

11. Explain bridge arrangement.

12. Explain gauge factor.

13. Explain working principle of Resistive potentiometer.

14. Explain Linear variable differential transducer.

15. Explain electric and photoelectric tachometers.

Academic `



Year: 2018-19 16. Explain piezoelectric Accelerometer.

17. Explain the construction and working of a resistance thermometer and thermocouple with

a neat sketch.

18. Compare advantages of thermocouple and thermistors.

19. Explain filled system thermometers.

20. Explain radiation and optical pyrometer.

21. List and explain with neat sketch types of expansion thermometer stating applications

22. Define metrology. Explain clearly difference between primary, secondary, Tertiary and

working standards of length.

23. Explain Line standard and end standard

24. What are the advantages of wavelength standard?

25. Describe with net sketch International prototype meter (Material length standard)

26. stating material composition and limitation

27. Explain with neat sketch three wire method of measuring effective diameter of screw

thread.

28. What is an effective diameter of threads? State its significance. Explain with sketch

Measurement of effective diameter by two wire method stating limitation.

29. Calculate the chord length and its distance below the tooth tip for gear of module 4 and

20 degree pressure angle.

30. Explain Parkinson gear tester with neat sketch.

31. Describe with sketch the construction and use of gear tooth vernier caliper. How is the

gear tooth thickness at PCD measured?

32. Explain Surface Texture and Elements of surface Roughness.

33. With the help of a neat sketch explain the working of Tomlinson’s surface meter and

Profilometer.

34. Explain alignment test for lathe machine.

35. Explain following terms used in surface finish:

a. Roughness b. Waviness c. Effective profile d. Center of profile e. Lay.


• Sigma comparator

• Johansson mikrokator

Academic `



Year: 2018-19 • Reed type comparator

37. Explain with sketch the construction and working of Pneumatic Comparators.

38. Why comparator is required and write classification of comparator.

39. Compare the relative merits and demerits of mechanical, optical and pneumatic

comparator.

40. Explain precision instrumentation based on laser principle.

41. Explain Optical measuring techniques.

42. Explain Tool maker’s microscope.

43. Explain profile projector.

Documents

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY AUTOMOBILE …Students will discriminate between various screws by measuring their dimensions ... Angle gauge c. Angle dekkor d. Sine bar and sine