Guilford PressIn Belarus and western Ukraine, many church buildings have repeatedly passed back and forth from Orthodox to Byzantine Catholic control. The Byzantine Catholics, or Uniates,

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FIGURE 14.1. The main religions of Northern Eurasia: O, Orthodox Christianity (Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, some parts of Ka-zakhstan, and the Baltics); C, other Christian churches (Roman Catholic in Lithuania, Byzantine Catholic in western Ukraine and Belarus, Lutheran in Estonia and Latvia, Armenian Apostolic in Armenia); J, Judaism; I, Islam (Shia in Azerbaijan, Sunni in other areas); B, Buddhism (Buryatiya and Kalmykiya) and Burkhanism (the Altay); A, animism/shamanism. Map: J. Torguson.

C O

J

I B

A


FIGURE 14.2. The Orthodox Divine Liturgy is an elaborate and ancient service, with most parts unchanged since the 4th century. Note the icons on the walls, the icon screen, the candles, and the vigil lamps. Photo: Author.


FIGURE 14.3. A typical plan of an Orthodox church (temple). People enter under the bell tower into the narthex and proceed to the main temple (nave). The sanctuary with the altar is hidden behind the iconostasis screen. The five circles indicate domes on the roof.


FIGURE 14.4. The 17th- century Church of the Annunciation in Murom is a fine example of stone architecture of the pre- Baroque period. Note the location of the porch under the bell tower on the left (west) and the entrance into the narthex on the right (east). Photo: Author.


FIGURE 14.5. Transfiguration church in Kizhi cemetery on Lake Onega. This World Heritage Site is a celebrated example of the wooden architec-ture of the Russian North. Photo: S. Blinnikov.


FIGURE 14.6. Holy Trinity Monastery, founded by St. Sergius of Radonezh (d. 1392), is the most prominent monastery in Russia today. It houses a few museums, a library, and the Moscow Theological Seminary and Academy. Photo: Author.


FIGURE 14.7. A cemetery near Moscow resembles an overgrown forest more than a lawn. Cemeteries in Russia combine Soviet and Orthodox sym-bols, reflecting changes in attitudes about the afterlife. Photo: Author.


FIGURE 14.8. A brand-new, impressive mosque in Kazan attracts thousands of Muslim worshippers. Photo: S. Blinnikov.


FIGURE 14.9. Armenian churches have a distinct visual style. The religious complex at Etchmiadzin is the worldwide spiritual center of the Arme-nian Church, where the Chief Hierarch (catholicos) resides. Photo: K. Van Assche.


FIGURE 14.10. Buddhism is widespread in Buryatiya Republic, on the border with Mongolia. The daitsan shown here has been recently constructed near Ulan-Ude. Photo: P. Safonov.


FIGURE 14.11. Burkhanism in the Altay combines shamanistic and lamaistic elements. Prayer flags are common near holy springs and waterfalls and signify offers to the local spirits. Photo: Author.


FIGURE 14.12. Orthodox or Byzantine Catholic? In Belarus and western Ukraine, many church buildings have repeatedly passed back and forth from Orthodox to Byzantine Catholic control. The Byzantine Catholics, or Uniates, retain the Orthodox liturgy but recognize the Pope of Rome as their spiritual head. Photo: P. Miltenoff.


FIGURE 14.13. Russians wear modern, European-style dress, whether casual or formal. The Moscow dress code is a bit stricter than in an average U.S. city, but is generally not very formal. However, great variety exists among different groups of people in the provinces. Photo: Author.


FIGURE 14.14. Russians have to dress warmly in winter; long goose-down jackets and fur or wool hats are a must. This picture was taken in Yeka-terinburg in early March. Photo: I. Tarabrina.


FIGURE 14.15. Traditional Belarusian long dress with embroidery. Photo: P. Miltenoff.


FIGURE 14.16. Kazakh traditional dress on display in an ethnographic museum. Photo: Author.

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Guilford PressIn Belarus and western Ukraine, many church buildings have repeatedly passed back and forth from Orthodox to Byzantine Catholic control. The Byzantine Catholics, or Uniates,