Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Guides for Study of Theories
for Practice and Administration
Out lines
Study of theory for nursing practice
A guide for study of nursing theory for
use in practice
Study of theory for nursing administration
Summary
Nurses, individually and in groups, are
affected by rapid and dramatic change
throughout health and medical systems.
Nurses practice in increasingly diverse
settings.
Nurses often develop organized nursing
practices through which accessible health
care to communities can be provided.
Theories and practices from related disciplines
are brought to nursing to use for nursing purposes.
The scope of nursing practice is continually being
expanded to include additional knowledge and skills
from related disciplines, such as medicine and psychology.
Although the majority of nurses practice in
hospitals, an increasing number of nurses practice
elsewhere in the community, taking the venue of
their practice closer to those served by nursing.
Groups of nurses working together as colleagues to provide nursing often realize that they share the same values and beliefs about nursing.
The study of nursing theories can clarify the purposes of nursing and facilitate building a cohesive practice to meet these purposes. Regardless of the setting of nursing practice, nurses may choose to study nursing theories together in order to design and articulate theory-based practice.
The first guide is a set of questions for
consideration in study and selection of a
nursing theory for use in practice.
The second guide is an outline of factors
to consider when studying nursing theory
for use in nursing organization and
administration
Users of this guide are invited to examine
each question carefully and add questions
from other theory analysis and evaluation
guides to meet their particular purposes.
STUDY OF THEORY
FOR NURSING PRACTICE
Four main questions have been developed
and refined to facilitate study of nursing
theories for use in nursing practice.
These questions are intended to focus on
concepts within the theories as well as
points of interest and general information
about each theory.
This guide was developed for use by
practicing nurses and students in
undergraduate and graduate programs of
nursing education. Many nurses and
students have used these questions and
have contributed to their continuing
development. The guide may be used to
study most of the nursing theories
developed at all levels. It has been used to
create surveys of nursing theories.
A guide for study of nursing
theory for use in practice
1. How is nursing conceptualized in the theory?
Is the focus of nursing stated?
• What does the nurse attend to when practicing nursing?
• What guides nursing observations, reflections, decisions, and actions?
• What does the nurse think about when considering nursing?
• What are illustrations of use of the theory to guide practice?
What is the purpose of nursing?
What do nurses do when they are practicing
nursing?
What are exemplars of nursing assessments ,
designs, plans, and evaluations?
What indicators give evidence of quality and
quantity of nursing practice?
Is the richness and complexity of nursing
practice evident?
What are the boundaries or limits for nursing?
How is nursing distinguished from other health and medical services?
How is nursing related to other disciplines and services?
What is the place of nursing in interdisciplinary settings?
What is the range of nursing situations in which the theory is useful?
How can nursing situations be described?
What are attributes of the one nursed?
What are characteristics of the nurse?
How can interactions of the nurse and the
one nursed be described?
Are there environmental requirements for
the practice of nursing?
2. What is the context of development of the
theory?
Who is the nursing theorist as person and as nurse?
Why did the theorist develop the theory?
What is the background of the theorist as nursing scholar?
What are central values and beliefs set forth by the theorist?
What are major theoretical influences on this theory?
What nursing models and theories influenced this theory?
What are relationships of this theory with other theories?
What nursing-related theories and philosophies influenced
this theory?
What were major external influences on development of
the theory?
What were the social, economic, and political influences?
What images of nurses and nursing influenced the theory?
What was the status of nursing as a discipline and
profession?
3. Who are authoritative sources for
information about development,
evaluation, and use of this theory?
Who are nursing authorities who speak
about, write about, and use the theory?
What are the professional attributes of
these persons?
What are the attributes of authorities, and
how does one become one?
Which other nurses should be considered
authorities?
What major resources are authoritative
sources on the theory? Books? Articles?
Audiovisual media? Electronic media?
What nursing societies share and support
work of the theory?
What service and academic programs are
authoritative sources?
4. How can the overall significance of the theory to
nursing be described?
What is the importance of the theory of nursing over
time?
What are exemplars of the use to structure and guide
individual practice?
Is the theory used to guide programs of nursing
education?
Is the theory used to guide nursing administration and
organizations?
Does published nursing scholarship reflect significance
of the theory?
What is the experience of nurses who report consistent
use of the theory?
What is the experience of nurses who
report consistent use of the theory?
What is the range of reports from practice?
Has nursing research led to further theory
formulations?
Has the theory been used to develop new
nursing practices?
Has the theory influenced design of
methods of nursing inquiry?
What has been the influence of the theory on
nursing and health policy?
What are projected influences of the theory on
the future of nursing?
How has nursing as a community of scholars
been influenced?
In what ways has nursing as a professional
practice been strengthened?
What future possibilities for nursing are open
because of this theory?
What will be the continuing social value of the
theory?
Study of theory for
nursing administration
Literature on nursing delivery systems and administration have addressed the value of nursing theory for use in administration of nursing and health-care organizations .
Nurses in group practice may seek to use a nursing theory that will not only guide their practice, but also provide visions for the organiza tion and administration of their practice.
A shared understanding of the focus of nursing can facilitate goal-setting and achievement as well as day-to-day communication among nurses in practice and administration.
Allison and McLaughlin-Renpenning (1999)
describe the need for a vision of nursing shared by all
throughout health care and nursing organizations.
These authors, using Orem’s general Self-Care Deficit
Nursing Theory ,offer demonstration
that a theory of nursing can guide practice as
well as the organization and administration.
The following questions are derived from components
of a model for nursing administration (Allison & McLaughlin-Renpenning, 1999).
The questions are intended to guide descriptions of the nursing organization.
Responses to these questions can be used to evaluate nursing theory for use in a nursing practice organization.
• What are purposes of the organization? Mission? Goals?
• What are the purposes of nursing? How do these purposes contribute to the purposes of the organization?
How can the range of nursing situations be described? What is the population served?
What nursing and related technologies are required for nursing?
What are the projections for nursing situations and technological needs for the future?
How is communication facilitated? In nursing? Among disciplines and services?
How are services for those nursed
coordinated?
In what ways is nursing professional
development achieved? Career
advancement?
How are research and development of
nursing practice and theory advanced?
Summary
This lecture has presented a guide designed for use by nurses to study nursing theory for use in practice.
The guide is intended to be used along with more general formats of analysis and evaluation of nursing theory.
This guide provides additional evaluative components for use by nurses who are focusing on nursing practice.
An additional set of questions is offered for nurses who are considering nursing organization and administration. These questions are intended to further guide the study of nursing theory for use in the organization and administration of nursing.
Thank you
