Guidelines on Workplace Traffic Safety Management

Published in November 2009 by the Workplace Safety and Health Council in collaboration with the Ministry of Manpower.

All rights reserved. This publication may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, in whole or in part, without prior written permission. The information provided in this publication is accurate as at time of printing. All cases shared in this publication are meant for learning purposes only. The learning points for each case are not exhaustive and should not be taken to encapsulate all the responsibilities and obligations of the user of this publication under the law. The Workplace Safety and Health Council does not accept any liability or responsibility to any party for losses or damage arising from following this publication.

Workplace Traffic Safety Management

Workplace Safety & Health Guidelines

Contents

1. Introduction

2. Risk Assessment/Risk Management

3. Hierarchy of Risk Control

4. Safe Work Procedures

5. Residual Risks

6. Sample Risk Assessment

7. Elements of Workplace Traffic Management Plan

8. Training/Competency

9. Emergency Response Planning

10. Checklist

11. Useful References

12. Acknowledgements

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Year of Issue: 2009

1. Introduction

Workplace traffic is an integral part of operations for many industrial sectors, including but not limited to the construction, marine and logistics industries. If not managed well, workplace traffic can pose high risks to persons in the workplace, with the potential to cause fatalities or serious injuries.

While statistics showed that work involving cranes had been an area of concern, a new concern arising from workplace traffic has emerged. This arose from incidents where victims were struck by traffic (including prime movers and trailers) at the workplace while performing work.

These Guidelines aim to:

• Provide information and guidance on the identification of traffic hazards within workplaces; and

• Establish a Workplace Traffic Management Plan to ensure safety and health at work.

The types of vehicles covered in these guidelines include:

• Forklifts/telescopic handlers;

• Mobile cranes/lorry cranes;

• Prime movers/trailers and heavy trucks/lorries;

• Stackers; and

• Mobile Elevated Work Platforms (MEWP) - scissor lifts and boom lifts.

The general guidelines for traffic safety management can apply for other vehicles in the workplace, such as:

• Unregistered passenger vehicles used within construction sites ; and

• Dumpers/Excavators and other construction equipment.

The process of risk assessment helps to identify and prevent hazards at the workplace. It also helps in the implementation of effective risk control measures before risks escalate into accidents and injuries.

Under the Workplace Safety and Health (Risk Management) Regulations, every workplace, including factories, should conduct risk assessments for all routine and non-routine works.

It is the process of:

• Identifying and analysing safety and health hazards associated with work;

• Assessing the risks involved; and

• Prioritising measures to control the hazards and reduce the risks.

Before conducting risk assessment, adequate preparation must be done. A risk assessment team should be formed, preferably consisting of personnel from the various levels in the work activity. Relevant information should be collated to facilitate better understanding of the work process.

After completing the preparation work, workplace risks can then be assessed in 3 simple steps:

STEP 1: Hazard IdentificationHazard Identification involves identifying hazards associated with the activity of each process and potential accidents or ill health that could result from these hazards. It also identifies the person(s) who may be at risk as a result of being exposed to these hazards.

STEP 2: Risk EvaluationRisk evaluation is the process of estimating the risk levels of the hazards and their acceptability. This is used as a base for prioritising actions to control the hazards to minimise safety and health risks.

Risk evaluation is made up of 2 parts:

• Estimating the SEVERITY of the hazard; and

• Estimating the LIKELIHOOD of the incident or ill-health occurring with the existing risk controls.

2. Risk Assessment/Risk Management

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The selection of control measures for hazards and reduction of risks can be accomplished by following the Hierarchy of Control Measures:

STEP 3: Risk ControlBased on the risk evaluation in STEP 2, risk controls should be selected to reduce or confine the identified risk to an acceptable level.

These risk controls must be effective yet practicable. To control hazards and reduce risks, the control measures below should be observed in the following order:

• Elimination;

• Substitution;

• Engineering controls;

• Administrative controls; and

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Risk assessment, when carried out appropriately, would allow a better understanding of the risks at the workplace and their control measures. It is a key component of risk management. Besides risk assessment, good risk management also consists of other components such as communication, record keeping, and implementation and review. Together they form the risk management process captured in the chart below.

ELIMINATION

SUBSTITUTION

ADMINISTRATIVE

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

PERSONALPROTECTIONEQUIPMENT

(PPE)

SafeWorker

See Pg 9 for a sample Risk Assessment. For more information, please refer to the Guidelines on Risk Assessment available on the MOM website at www.mom.gov.sg

3. Hierarchy of Risk Control

In considering each measure in the above hierarchy of control, the following elements of what is reasonably practicable must be considered, i.e.

• The likelihood of a hazard or risk occurring (i.e. the probability of a person being exposed to harm);

• The degree of harm if the hazard or risk occurred (i.e. the potential seriousness of injury or harm);

• The person’s degree of understanding on the hazard or risk, and any possible ways of eliminating or reducing the hazard or risk; and

• The availability and suitability of ways to eliminate or reduce the hazard or risk.

Control measures are not usually mutually exclusive. It may be necessary to use more than one of these measures to reduce a risk to its lowest possible level when no single measure is sufficient on its own. For example, engineering controls can be implemented together with administrative controls like training and safe work procedures.

Communication

1Preparation

2Hazard

Identification

3Risk

Evaluation

6Implementation

and Review

4Risk Control

5Record

Keeping

> Form RA Team

> Gather relevant information

> Identify hazards

> Identify potential accidents/ incidents

> Estimate risk levels based on identified hazards

> Prioritise the hazards to be controlled

> Keep risk assessment reports for at least 3 years

> Review risk assessments:• Once every 3

years;

• Whenever new information on WSH risks surfaces;

• When there are changes to work processes and/or;

• After any accident/incident

> Formulate control measures according to the Hierarchy of Controls:

• Elimination

• Substitution

• Engineering controls

• Administrative controls

• Personal protective equipment

> Analyse and evaluate residual risk

Risk Assessment (RA)Hazard

IdentificationRisk

EvaluationRisk

Control1 2 3

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EliminationElimination of hazards refers to the total removal of the hazards and hence effectively eliminating the possible occurrence of incidents and ill health. This would be the permanent solution and should be attempted in the first instance. When a hazard is eliminated, the associated risks cease to exist as a result.

An example to illustrate the above - if reversing vehicles at workplaces are causing a significant number of incidents, the most effective way of eliminating such a risk is to implement a one-way traffic system at the workplace.

SubstitutionThis involves replacing a hazard with one that presents a lower risk. For example, instead of having a worker standing on a loaded lorry to drag a plastic canvas over the materials, it would be safer to use a lorry that comes equipped with an overhead cover and canvas “curtains”.

Engineering ControlsEngineering controls are physical means that limit the hazard. These include structural changes to the work environment or work processes by erecting a barrier to interrupt the transmission path between the worker and the hazard. For example, prior to transportation, loose goods should be properly secured by suitable means to ensure that the goods do not topple in the process.

It is safer to use a lorry that comes equipped with an overhead cover and canvas “curtains”.

Wrapping the goods in plastic prior to transportation secures them in place and keeps them water-proof.

Strapping the drums prevents toppling during transportation.

Forklift ownership can be scheduled clearly, with authorised users assigned to their respective forklifts.

Forklift number Staff-in-charge Remarks

1 Moran B Pyetan -

2 Rahmat D. Jimin -

3 Jumari B Sirses -

4 Chu Yong Chou -

5 Md Zein D Md Ali Pending for trade-in for a new forklift

6 They Eng Hin -

7 S Sundaram -

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)The proper use of PPE can help to keep the workers safe at work. However, PPE should only be used in addition to other forms of control measures (e.g. engineering control measures) or when these other measures are not feasible or practical. PPE can also be considered for short term contingency such as for emergencies, infrequent maintenance or repair works.

For PPE to be effective, it must be properly worn at all times when exposed to the hazards and must be the correct fit for the user. PPE must also be cleaned and maintained regularly and stored in an appropriate place when not in use.

Safety shoes must be worn correctly and fit well to effectively protect feet from injury.

Administrative ControlsThese reduce or eliminate exposure to a hazard by adherence to procedures or instructions. Documentation should emphasize all the steps to be taken and the controls to be used in carrying out the activity safely. For example, only a trained and authorised operator who has passed the Forklift Driver’s Training Course should be permitted to operate a forklift.

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4. Safe Work Procedures (SWPs)

After risk assessment has been carried out, Safe Work Procedures (SWPs) should be implemented to manage safety and health risks. SWPs should include emergency plans in addition to safety precautions. It should also reiterate the importance of proper usage of PPE.

5. Residual Risks

Residual risks are the remaining risks following the implementation of risk controls. The risk assessment team should ensure that residual risks are acceptable and manageable.

A sample SWP displayed at workplaces.

6. A Sample Risk Assessment

Included below is a sample risk assessment conducted on a transport vehicle at the workplace.

Risk Assessment Form

Company: ABC Logistics Pte Ltd Conducted by: (Names, designations)(Date)

Mr. GHI (Supervisor)/Mr. JKL (Logistic Manager)/Mr. MNO (Driver)1 June 2009Process/Location: Receiving Goods/Logistics Department

Approved by:(Name, designation)(Date)

Mr. DEF Managing Director3 June 2009

Last Review Date: 3 June 2009 Next Review Date: 3 June 2012

1. Hazard Identification 2. Risk Evaluation 3. Risk Control

1a. 1b. 1c. 1d. 2a. 2b. 2c. 2d. 3a. 3b.

No. Work Activity Hazard Possible Accident/ Ill Health & Persons-at-Risk

Existing Risk Control Severity Likelihood Risk Level Additional Risk Control

Action Officer, Designation(Follow-up date)

Hazards and control measures listed are not exhaustive

01 Driving transport vehicles into the company’s premises.

Hitting other road users or transport vehicles.

Possible injury to other road users and drivers.

Only qualified and authorised drivers should be permitted to drive transport vehicles.

Drivers are to be properly briefed on in-house traffic/safety rules.

Drivers are to comply with the speed limit of 15km/h.

Drivers are to conduct pre-operation checks on their transport vehicles before setting out.

Drivers are to be briefed regarding the crossing of pedestrians at the work area and instructed to give way to pedestrians at all times. Provide pedestrian crossings for pedestrians.

Drivers are not to reverse vehicles in the compound and if reversing is required, it should be done under the direction of a qualified Banksman/Signaller.

Moderate Remote Low At daily tool box meeting, all drivers are to be instructed not to overtake vehicles while driving within the premises and to avoid taking shortcuts by driving across the roads.

Transport Manager3 September 2009

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7. Elements of Workplace Traffic Management Plan

The Workplace Traffic Management Plan should be prepared with the advice of WSH personnel and endorsed by the top management. It is a plan to manage and control the traffic and operation of transport vehicles at workplaces. The following key elements (not exhaustive) should be included in an effective Workplace Traffic Management Plan:

a) Workplace Traffic PlanningAt this stage, management should identify the safety and health objectives to be accomplished under a Workplace Traffic Management Plan. Suitable programs and resources should then be established to achieve them.

To establish the safety and health objectives for a workplace traffic management plan, the management should:

• Conduct an initial status analysis;

• Carry out risk assessments on all workplace traffic and transport activities, and types of vehicles used;

• Establish the measurement standards for performance monitoring; and

• Conduct periodic analyses on its implementation.

Management’s commitment is the most important factor to ensure the success of the Workplace Traffic Management Plan. Therefore, a written policy which clearly states the management’s commitment and approach towards the workplace traffic management plan should be established and endorsed. This written policy should also be communicated to all levels of staff, including contractors and vendors.

Workplace Traffic Layout/RoutesSafety of people should be the most important aspect in the workplace traffic management plan. Therefore, the workplace traffic layout/routes should be planned based on the risk assessment conducted on the movement of pedestrians and transport vehicles at workplaces. Potentially hazardous points/areas that pose a higher risk of collisions between pedestrians and transport vehicles, or transport vehicles and buildings/facilities, should be identified so that the necessary control measures can be put in place.

The following pointers are useful for planning the layout, routes, facilities and signage at workplaces:

• The perimeter of all workplaces involving the use of transport vehicles should be fenced to keep out unauthorised access. People who need to enter the industrial premises are directed to the appropriate entry point(s) to facilitate effective control on movement within the workplace traffic area; and

VisibilityGood frontal visibility enables drivers to spot and avoid hazards with ease. Stipulated speed limits and safe stopping distances at work areas will help vehicle drivers to maintain good visibility even while they are changing directions, thus avoiding hazards. Other factors affecting visibility are illumination, dust levels weather conditions, height of vehicle above road level and the positioning of the vehicle’s windows.

Good visibility at junctions and bends is vital to safety as this allows drivers and pedestrians to spot and avoid potential hazards. Avoid creating sharp or blind bends. Where possible. If they are inevitable, consider measures such as mirrors to aid vision around corners.

When visibility at a blind spot cannot be improved for safe driving, convex mirrors, road humps, stop signs and suitable traffic signals should be installed. Alternatively, a one-way traffic system or entry prohibition should be considered for implementation in the area.

• All designated workplace areas for traffic routes, storage areas, passageways and pedestrian walkways should be clearly marked with appropriate floor lines or traffic/safety signs.

The following points (not exhaustive) should be included in traffic layout and route planning for workplaces:

• Maintain a safe distance from transport vehicles during use as per stated in the operations manual;

• Enhance visibility by minimising intersections, traffic cross-flows and blind spots. Convex mirrors should also be erected for blind corners (See notes below on enhancing visibility.);

• Keep pedestrians out of the path of transport vehicles by setting up physical barriers to barricade the workplace;

• Draw highly visible traffic lines and/or use signage to differentiate the pedestrian walkways from the work areas and provide operational personnel stationed at these areas with reflective vest(s);

• Erect speed limit signs and boundary lines at the traffic operational areas of the workplace (Refer to notes on Speed Limit on page 12.);

• Provide and maintain adequate lighting and good ground conditions along internal roads and at workplaces;

• Provide highly visible markings and/or signage to warn against any obstruction, low height, doorways, edges or drains at workplaces; and

• Provide pedestrian crossings where required.

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Speed LimitLimiting vehicle speed is an important measure in traffic control. The best way to achieve this is to use fixed features (traffic calming features) to prevent speeding. Some examples of how to do this would be installing road humps and ‘rumble’ strips, raising kerbs or chicanes and narrowing routes with the use of bollards.

It is important to note however, that the use of wrong traffic calming features can sometimes increase risk by affecting the stability of vehicles or rendering loads less-secure. Hence, traffic calming features such as road humps need to be installed with discretion.

Assess the various traffic calming features available and select the appropriate features specific to the needs of the work area. Another point to note is that these features and measures should be lit or made reflective to ensure they are made clearly visible.

Speed limits should be determined and implemented at the workplace by taking the following factors into consideration:

• Traffic routes/layout of work area;

• Weight and type of loads being transported;

• Road surface type;

• Work activities being carried out at the workplace; and

• Other potential hazards.

In deciding on an appropriate speed limit, consider the route layout and road usage at the workplace. For example, a lower speed limit would be appropriate where pedestrians are present or where fork-lift trucks and road-bound vehicles share the roadway. Different speed limits would apply for different work areas depending on the various considerations.

1. Warehouse.2. Forklift involved in the incident.3. Position of the deceased.

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Case Study 1Worker run over by a forklift.

IncidentA worker was crossing an operations area between a warehouse and a wharf when he walked into the path of an approaching forklift. He was killed when the forklift ran over him.

Investigation findings• Both the deceased and the forklift driver were deemed to have failed to keep a proper look out.

• No markings on the ground to indicate pedestrian walkways or crossings between the warehouse and the wharf.

• No tyre brake marks were observed at the incident scene. This could indicate that there was no sudden braking of the forklift before the incident.

Systemic failures• No demarcation of pedestrian crossings and walkways with proper warning signage at the wharf aprons.

• Failure of both pedestrian and vehicle driver to keep a lookout for traffic/pedestrian.

• Inadequate risk management in vehicular and pedestrian movements.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)All workers who are exposed to traffic and transport hazards at workplaces should wear highly visible reflective vests, safety shoes and other additional personal protective equipment. The type of PPE to be donned would be specific to the respective hazards identified at the workplaces.

Workers should be provided with training and supervision on the proper use of PPE. All PPE should be properly maintained to ensure maximum functionality. They should be replaced periodically in accordance with the manufacturers’ recommendation, or when found to be defective.

A signaller wearing a reflective vest and safety shoes while directing traffic.

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1. Lorry involved in the incident.2. Position of the deceased.3. Hair, scalp and blood stains were

found on these 2 left rear- tyres.

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1Investigation findings• The painting area was not barricaded and no

warning signs were put up. • No traffic watchmen were assigned to direct traffic

for that area.• The worker did not wear a highly visible reflective

vest, and the clothes he wore were very similar in colour (light blue and grey) to the ground surface (grey cement) that he was working on.

• No tyre brake marks were observed at the incident scene. This could indicate that there was no sudden braking of the lorry before the incident.

• The lorry was in good working condition, including the brakes.

• The lorry driver was deemed to be inattentive to the road conditions while driving.

Systemic failuresNo risk assessment was conducted for the painting work. The lorry driver was not informed of the on-going painting works at the bin storage area before the incident.

Workplace Traffic Rules and RegulationsA set of written workplace traffic rules and regulations should be established for compliance by all levels of staff, vendors, contractors and visitors. These can serve as a constant reminder to them of their obligations and responsibilities. Key legal requirements such as the Workplace Safety and Health Act and its subsidiary regulations should be incorporated into these rules and regulations. More specific rules and regulations can be developed by the individual company to suit its own requirements. The following points (not exhaustive) should be included:

• Allow only authorised transport vehicles or personnel to enter workplaces;• Observe the traffic flow and transport/traffic safety measures at workplaces;• Observe the notices and safety/traffic signage displayed at workplaces;• Ensure that the designated pedestrian walkways are used;• Observe the safe speed limit signs displayed at workplaces;• Turn on the flashing warning light on the transport vehicles whenever in operation;• Keep within the vehicle’s safe working load;• Avoid reversing vehicles within the compound; and

• Perform reversing of vehicles only under the direction of the Banksman/Signaller.

Lighting• Adequate lighting should be provided for all workplaces such as along internal roads,

junctions, pedestrian walkways, loading/unloading bays, etc.• Situations may require additional measures to ensure adequate lighting. For example,

lighting placed at the centre of loading/unloading bays can become blocked by tall transport vehicles. To get around this, additional lights should be placed between the bays to ensure sufficient lighting.

• Lighting should be strategically placed such that they do not dazzle drivers reversing into the work area either directly or indirectly via their mirrors.

• There should not be sudden changes in lighting levels – lighting levels in the internal and external areas of the work area should not contrast sharply. Gradual changes in lighting levels would allow the eyes to adjust safely.

A permanent mobile ramp must be of adequate width and must be sloped gently enough for safe travel.

Permanent/Mobile RampThe following requirements are to be considered when using a ramp:

• Ramp is of adequate width and strength;

• The gradient of the ramp being used does not exceed what is permitted under the operational manual of transport vehicles used;

• Ramp surface has good traction even in wet weather; and

• Ensure that a proper securing mechanism is in place if a mobile ramp is being used.

Case Study 2Worker run over by a lorry while carrying out paint works.

IncidentA worker was carrying out paint works in a bin storage area to demarcate lorry parking bays. A lorry reversed into the area and ran over him.

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• Body/limbs caught in moving parts of the forklift;• Speeding;• Pedestrians and forklifts moving in the same vicinity;• Forklift travelling on gradients;• Obstruction in the path e.g. overhead obstruction and blind corners;• Raised forks;• Poor ground conditions e.g. slippery and uneven ground and potholes;• Tyres in bad condition e.g. without thread markings;• Falling loads;• Overloading of forklifts; and• Electrocution (Battery operated forklift).

The following are some points (not exhaustive) to be observed for such transport vehicles:

• Allow only trained and authorised personnel/workers to operate forklifts/stackers;

• Conduct a pre-operation check before operation;

• Check the load and determine if it is safe for lifting;

• Ensure there are no loose materials that will fall off during lifting;

• Do not take a ride on forklift/stacker;

• Do not raise load over any worker;

• Do not carry the load exceeding the safe working load;

• Adhere to the speed limit;

• Lower the forks to the lowest practicable position when travelling;

• Drive the forklift/stacker in reverse when the load obscures the operator’s

frontal vision;

• Do not allow any person to stand or pass under the elevated forks;

• Park the forklift/stacker with the forks fully lowered;

• When the forklift/stacker is left unattended, turn off the engine with the brakes engaged, the ignition key removed, the forks tilted forward and flushed with the floor and clear of the passageway.

• Park the forklift/stacker at designated parking lots when not in use;

• Do not park the forklift/stacker on a gradient. If so required, it should be left in neutral with parking brake engaged and wheels chocked;

• Keep pedestrians at a safe distance away from the forklift/stacker’s operation;

• Sound the warning device when passing the doorway and blind corner;

• Stop and allow time for the eyes to adjust to the visibility when driving from a dimly lit to a bright area or vice versa;

• Arrange for a signaller to assist the forklift/stacker driver where a clear and unrestricted view is not present to ensure safe operation of the equipment;

• Always use seatbelts. Hold on firmly and stay within the cabin in the event of an overturn;

An example of a pre-use checklist for forklifts.

b) Safe Movement/Operation of Transport Vehicles“Use the right vehicle for the right job” should be the key criterion in the selection and use of transport vehicles. Check that the respective safety devices of the selected vehicles such as horns, lights, reflectors, reversing lights, alarms and brakes, etc are provided and in good working condition before use.

Safe Operation of Transport VehiclesFor safe operation of transport vehicles at workplaces, they should be frequently maintained and inspected according to statutory requirement and manufacturer’s recommendations. For example, all lifting gears, lifting appliances and lifting machines should be inspected by an authorised examiner on an annual basis. A valid statutory inspection certificate should be made available at the workplace for inspection.

The respective operators of transport vehicles should conduct a pre-use check to ensure that they are in good working condition before use. The pre-use check should be conducted with reference to a specific checklist prepared according to the operations manual.

Operators should observe the operating conditions and restrictions stipulated in the operations manual of transport vehicles. No transport vehicle should be used to handle a load greater than its safe working load.

Only competent and authorised operators should be permitted to operate designated transport vehicles. The operator should receive proper training in the operation of these machines before authorisation to operate the vehicle is given. For example, the operators of mobile cranes should hold a valid licence issued by the Ministry of Manpower. Operators of forklifts should possess forklift driver training certificates issued by the approved training provider.

Safe Use of Forklift/Stacker For safe operation of forklifts/stackers, operators should follow the safe operating instructions in the respective operations manuals. The following are some potential hazards involving forklift operations:• Unauthorised operation of forklifts;• Untrained forklift operators;• Lifting of persons on the forks;

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Signal lights on a forklift can help improve forklift safety.

Unless raised to lift loads from an elevated position, the forklift’s forks should be lowered at all times.

• Do not bypass the speed limiters or reversing beeping system;

• Do not use mobile phone or other communication devices while operating a forklift;

• Exercise extra care when operating in conditions such as on gradients and near waterways. Travel slowly and keep away from the edges. Do not make a fast or sharp turn when operating on gradients.

• Provide three point contacts on forklifts (steps with good footing, anti-slip surfaces and handles);

• Review operation procedures (e.g. work out how to reduce the number of times the driver has to get on and off the forklifts); and

• Consider an ergonomically designed forklift when procuring.

Safe Operation of Forklift Truck (not exhaustive) Following risk assessment, safe work procedures (SWP) should be developed and implemented to control risks. SWP should include the following components:

Adequately trained and authorised operatorsBefore an operator is authorised to operate the forklift, he/she must undergo and pass an appropriate forklift driving course.

An effective system to control the use of forkliftsOnly trained and authorised operators are permitted to operate a forklift. Employers should implement a control system to prohibit unauthorised use of forklifts. Workers should be briefed on the control system and only authorised forklift operators should be permitted to operate a forklift. Electronic systems such as swipe cards and pin codes can help to control the use of forklifts.

Load and load handlingOperators should check any load for its weight, shape and size so that precautions for lifting the load can be taken. Do not exceed the rated load capacity. Always travel with the load and forks lowered to the ground. If the operator’s frontal view is blocked by the load, he should always travel in the reverse direction or have another worker keep a look out for him. Always sound the horn and slow down when approaching corners, intersections and doorways.

Assessment of work environmentThe working area of the forklift should be checked for overhead obstructions, uneven ground, puddles of oil or potholes etc.

Good operating condition of the forkliftEnsure that the operator has performed daily maintenance checks and the forklift is serviced in a timely manner according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Poor conditions of the forklift such as worn tyres or ineffective brakes will increase the risks of a forklift overturning or not stopping in time.

Safety devicesAlways use the seatbelts. Hold on firmly and stay within the cabin in the event of an overturn. Do not bypass the speed limiters or reversing beeping system.

Mobile phones and talking devicesOperators should not be using the mobile phone or other communication devices while operating a forklift.

Environmental conditionsExercise extra care when operating in conditions such as on gradient and near waterways. Travel slowly and keep away from the edges. Do not make a fast or sharp turn when operating on gradients.

Safety precautionsAll workers should keep away from the forklift when it is operating.

The following are some potential hazards involving forklift operations:• Unauthorised operation of forklifts;• Untrained forklift operators;• Lifting of persons on the forks;• Body/limbs caught in moving parts of the forklift;• Speeding;• Pedestrians and forklifts moving in the same vicinity;• Forklift travelling on gradients;• Obstruction in the path e.g. overhead obstruction

and blind corners; • Raised forks;• Poor ground conditions e.g. slippery, uneven,

potholes;• Tyres in bad condition e.g. without thread markings;• Falling loads;• Overloading of forklifts;• Electrocution (Battery operated forklift);• Failure to inspect the forklifts daily (to provide an

inspection checklist); and

• Failure to maintain forklifts well.

Possible Control Measures• Ensure that forklifts are operated by trained and

authorised operators;

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A sign can be used to remind operators of the forklift speed limit, which must be adhered to.

Case Study 3Employer was struck by a pile of timber knocked over by a reversing forklift.

IncidentA forklift was used to transfer timber when it struck a stack of unsecured timber in its path while reversing. Some timbers fell off the stack and struck the deceased who was standing next to the stack.

Investigation findings• The forklift operator was not trained;

• The timber stack was not secured; and

• The timbers were properly stacked in the factory but they were not tied into secure bundles.

Systemic failures• Unsafe storage of timbers; they were stacked but not

secured in bundles; and

• Lack of safe work procedures to keep personnel out of the area while timbers are being transported by forklifts.

Safe Use of Mobile Elevated Work Platform (MEWP)For safe operation of MEWP, the operator should follow the safe operating instruction in the respective operations manual. The following are some points (not exhaustive) to be observed for such transport vehicles:

• Ensure ground conditions are safe (e.g. slope and softness) for MEWP to operate and travel on;

• Use a full body harness with a short lanyard for working in the MEWP. The harness should be suitably anchored at all times;

• Anchor the safety harness on suitable anchorage while working on MEWP;

• Implement additional traffic control systems for work being carried out in areas at which additional risks are present due to the presence of other moving transport vehicles;

• Demarcate work areas at which the risk of being struck by transport vehicles is present;

1. Stack of timber that was struck.2. Position of deceased.3. Forklift truck involved in the

incident.

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The harness and lanyard system is to prevent workers from climbing out of the MEWP unintentionally.

• Implement an effective control system for the use of forklifts;

• Conduct briefings on forklift operations prior to operation of forklifts;

• Implement safe work procedures;• Implement effective traffic management plans;• Provide designated pedestrian crossings;• Provide a map for area management;• Practice good housekeeping;• Ensure that the workplace is adequately lit;• Clearly display signs and warnings where required at

the workplace;• Provide safety features (such as reverse warning

lights, turn signal lights and audio warnings, rear view mirrors and flashing lights) and have them inspected regularly;

• Provide three point contacts on forklifts (steps with good footing, anti-slip surfaces and handles);

• Review operation procedures (e.g. the number of times operators have to get on and off their forklifts can be reduced); and

• Consider an ergonomically designed forklift when procuring equipment.

Rear view mirrors help improve forklift safety.

Useful Tips for Operators• Theforkliftoperatorshouldbeltup.Theseatbeltensuresthattheoperatorremains

within the cabin should the forklift overturn;• Forkliftsshouldbeoperatedwithforksloweredatalltimes;• Forkliftsshouldnotbemadetoturnandraisetheloadsimultaneously;• Suddensharpturnsshouldnotbemade;• Thebrakesshouldnotbeappliedsuddenlyespeciallywhentheforkliftisloaded;• Speedlimitsshouldbestrictlyadheredto;• Watchoutforoverheadobstructionssuchaspipesandbeams;• Slowdownandhornwhenapproachingcornersorblindspots;• Applythehandbrakebeforedisembarkingfromtheforklifttruck;• Travelinreversewhenfrontalvisionisobscured;and

• Conductdailyinspectionoftheforkliftusingthechecklist.

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• Ensure workers do not position themselves between overhead structures and the rails of the basket;

• Ensure that there is no overhead obstruction during the operation and implement overhead protective measures as needed;

• Conduct a pre-operation check;

• Report any faults found immediately to the supervisor or the person-in-charge. Do not operate faulty MEWP;

• Ensure that the MEWP undergoes a thorough examination and testing by an authorised examiner at least once every six months;

• Ensure MEWP is maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s operations manual; and

• Use MEWPs with overhead protection if operators are exposed to the risk of being crushed between overhead structures and the basket while carrying out the work.

Safe Use of Mobile Crane/Lorry CraneFor safe operation of mobile crane/lorry crane, the operator should follow the safe operating instructions in the respective operations manual. The following are some points (not exhaustive) to be observed for such transport vehicles:

• Conduct a pre-operation check;

• Ensure that ground conditions at the workplace are safe for the mobile crane/lorry crane to operate and travel on;

• Do not hoist any loose load;

• Do not hoist a load over any person;

• Do not hoist a load to where the field of vision is restricted or where the overhead clearance is limited;

• Do not lift loads when visibility levels are compromised due to adverse weather conditions;

• Stop operations immediately when there is any malfunction or activation of any warning device;

• Lift off the load from the chassis of a lorry only after the locks on the chassis are disengaged;

• Observe the safe working load limit;

• Ensure that pedestrians are kept a safe distance away from the mobile crane/lorry crane in operation; and

• For safe operation of mobile cranes, reference should be made to the SS CP: 536 Code of Practice for Safe Use of Mobile Cranes.

Coupling and Uncoupling of Prime Movers/TrailersHauliers and the persons-in-charge should ensure that the prime mover and trailer are coupled and uncoupled on a firm and level ground with adequate natural or artificial light. The drivers should be properly instructed to follow the coupling and uncoupling procedures as stated in the operations manual. A list of safety precautions (not exhaustive) follow:

When coupling trailers:

• The driver should check that the trailer’s parking brakes are engaged. Air brakes should never be engaged by detaching suzie hoses; and

• For automatic coupling, the cabin should be reversed slowly under the trailer, with the ‘kingpin’ aligned with the locking mechanism. Listen to hear the fifth wheel lock onto the kingpin.

For manual coupling, the driver should ensure that the following is observed:

• Reverse the vehicle into place;

• Ensure that the parking brakes are engaged;

• Attach the coupling mechanism manually;

• Do a ‘tug test’. Try to drive forward slowly in a low gear to check whether the fifth wheel is engaged;

• Apply the tractive unit parking brakes before leaving the cabin;

• Inspect the locking mechanism to ensure it is secured and fit in any safety (‘dog’) clips;

• Connect all brake hoses and the electrical supply to the trailer. Check whether they are secured;

• Wind up any landing legs on the trailer and secure the handle;

• Fit number plates and check whether the lights are working; and

• Disengage the trailer parking brakes.

When Uncoupling trailers, the coupling procedure in reverse should be followed:

• Ensure that the ground is firm enough to hold the trailer and its legs, and that the cabin brakes are engaged before getting out of the cabin.

Loading and Unloading of Trailer and Heavy Trucks/LorriesTo ensure safe loading and unloading, the operation should be carried out at a designated area such as the loading/unloading bay. The operator should follow the safe operating instruction as laid out in the operation manuals of the respective transport vehicles. The following are some points (not exhaustive) to be observed for such transport vehicles:

Important considerations for loading/unloading areas:

• Ensure the area is clear of traffic, pedestrians and personnel not involved in the operation;

• Ensure the area is clear of overhead cables, pipes and other dangerous obstructions;

• Ensure that the vehicle is parked on firm and level ground;

• Ensure that the link between the loading/unloading bay and the transport vehicle is firm and level;

• Provide fencing or edge protection where necessary to keep workers from falling off during the process of loading/unloading goods;

• Adopt measures to guard against bad weather when necessary. For example, strong winds

22 23

can be very dangerous during loading and unloading operations;

• Ensure that the loads is spread out as evenly as possible during loading and unloading.

• Uneven loads can render the transport vehicle unstable.

• The load should be properly secured and arranged such that it does not slide off in the process;

• Ensure the brake of the vehicle has been properly engaged and that all stabilisers are properly positioned before commencing with the loading or unloading. The transport vehicle should be kept as stable as possible; and

• Use wheel chocks on slopes whenever necessary.

Additional safety measures may be applicable in certain work situations as follows:

• Implement a fall protection system (anchored safety harness) to protect workers working at height;

• Allocate safe holding places at the workplace where drivers can wait while work they are not involved in is being carried out;

• Drivers should not remain in their cabins if they are not needed to operate the vehicle;

• Workers should not remain or loiter in the loading/unloading area if they are not required in the area;

• Transport vehicles must never be overloaded. Overloaded transport vehicles can become unstable and difficult to steer and braking also becomes less effective;

• Always check the floor or deck of the loading area to ensure it is safe before commencing loading/unloading operations;

• Practice good housekeeping at all times - clear the area of any debris present;

• When loading a transport vehicle, think about how it will be unloaded later. If it is to be unloaded in stages, ensure that this can be done easily, without compromising the stability and the proper distribution of the remaining load;

• When loading non-containerised cargo, consider installing fittings made from suitable channel materials along the sides of the trailer (round bars or tubular fittings are not suitable);

• Loads must be suitably packaged. When pallets are used, the driver must ensure that they are stable and properly secured to the transport vehicle to prevent them falling off the vehicle;

• The tailgates and dropsides of transport vehicles should be closed whenever possible. If overhang (outward projection of goods from the back or front) cannot be avoided, it should be kept to a minimum and clearly marked;

• Some goods are difficult to secure during transport. Hauliers and recipients will need to exchange information on the details of loads in advance, so that the goods can be unloaded safely. For example, stuffing checklists with photographs taken during loading can be sent to the recipient; and

• Before unloading, the recipient should check that the goods have not shifted during transportation and confirm that they are not likely to move or fall off when restraints are removed before commencing with unloading.

Stuffing list.

Photographs were taken progressively during loading.

A photograph was taken at the end of loading to show how the load was secured with suitable means.

There must be safeguards against drivers accidentally driving the transport vehicle away too early. This is extremely dangerous. The following are the safety measures (not exhaustive) to be taken:

• Install traffic lights to control the movement of transport vehicles;

• Use the transport vehicle’s restraints; and

• Prevent unauthorised operation or movement of the vehicle by only allowing the person-in-charge to possess the vehicle key. Alternatively, a key permit system can be implemented for such a purpose.

Stuffing checklist.

24 25

IncidentSome workers were loading large pipes onto a trailer using a forklift. After the forklift was disengaged, all the pipes rolled off the trailer and the trailer driver was crushed to death.

Investigation findings• The pipes had not been packed on skids as stated

in the delivery order. Packing the pipes on skids will prevent the pipes from rolling off easily.

• Trailer was not equipped with any fittings to prevent round pipes from rolling off.

• The pipes were not wedged to prevent them from rolling off.

Systemic failures• There was no established safe work procedure

requiring the fitting of U-guards on the trailer to prevent the round pipes from rolling off the trailer.

Avoiding Overturn of Trailer and Heavy Trucks/ LorriesThe following are safety measures (not exhaustive) to be observed to prevent overturning of transport vehicles:

• Do not travel on slopes that are too steep;

• Do not travel on slippery surfaces such as oil patches;

• Do not travel on soft ground, potholes or uneven terrain, curbs, steps or other edges;

• Do not overload;

• Do not load unevenly;

• Do not drive too fast, especially around corners;

• Do not use the transport vehicle for unsuitable tasks;

• Do not carry loads above the height limit; and

• Provide the drivers with the adequate workplace transport and traffic information.

1. Forklift used to lift pipes onto trailer.

2. Trailer was not equipped with fittings that can prevent the pipes from rolling off.

3. Position of the deceased.4. Pipes that have rolled off the

trailer.

3

4

21

Parking• All transport vehicles should be parked at the designated parking areas which should be

level, firm, well-lit, well-drained and clearly marked;

• Drivers should ensure their transport vehicles are properly parked with brakes engaged, engine turned off, starter key removed and load/equipment lowered and secured;

• For parking or stopping the transport vehicles on a slope, drivers should follow the same steps above with the gear engaged (if safe to do so) and wheel chocks used, where appropriate; and

• “Failure to engage handbrake” alarm system can be installed in the vehicles to remind the driver not to leave the cabin without engaging the handbrake.

ReversingAccident statistics showed that there were substantial numbers of deaths and cases of damage to vehicles, equipment and property caused by reversing of vehicles at workplaces.

The most effective way of reducing such risk is elimination. However, if the need to do a hazardous reversing at a drive-through loading/unloading bay is unavoidable, then the traffic route at this area should be re-organised into a one-way traffic system.

For sites where reversing is unavoidable:

• Reversing areas should be planned out and clearly marked, and made visible to drivers and anyone else in the area;

• People who do not need to be in the reversing areas should be kept clear from the area; and

• Portable radios or suitable communication systems should be used.

The visibility and safety for drivers and pedestrians can be enhanced by:• Increasing the work area allowed for reversing;• Installing fixed mirrors;• Keeping vehicle mirrors clean and in good working condition;• Fitting refractive lenses to vehicle rear windows, or rear-view CCTV, to provide drivers with

a clear rear view;• Having vehicle reversing alarms fitted and kept in good working order. Alarms should be

loud and distinct enough so that it can be heard over any background noise;• Using visible warning systems such as flashing warning lights;• Fitting vehicles with other safety devices such as a ‘sensing’ or ‘trip’ systems, which either

warn the driver or stop the reversing vehicle when it comes too close to or into contact with an obstruction;

• Installing physical barriers or buffers in highly visible colours in suitable positions at loading/unloading bays;

• Having lateral white traffic lines on the floor to help the driver position the vehicle accurately. In cases where vehicles need to reverse up to structures or edges, barriers or wheel stops can be used to warn drivers when they need to stop; and

Case Study 4Worker crushed by unsecured pipes which rolled off from the trailer during loading.

26 27

• Using a trained signaller/banksman to assist in directing the vehicle at the workplace when the rear-view is compromised and where rear-view aids are unavailable during reversing.

c) Duties and ResponsibilitiesThe duties and responsibilities of personnel who manage and implement the workplace traffic management plan should be defined for all levels of staff. Key legal requirements, such as the Workplace Safety and Health Act and its subsidiary regulations, should be consulted when assigning duties and responsibilities. More specific duties and responsibilities can be established by the individual company to suit its own requirements. The following are examples of roles and responsibilities of involved parties:

Responsibilities of Management Staff (includes Person-In-Charge Managers, Engineers, Safety and Health Personnel, Supervisors and Foremen, etc)• Develop and implement a workplace traffic management plan;• Ensure that the workplace traffic management plan is conveyed to all staff and implemented

effectively;• Ensure that workplace traffic safety rules, training program and safe work procedures are

followed by all staff;• Provide all staff with information, instruction, training and supervision as necessary to

ensure their safety and health at the workplace;• Provide and ensure proper use of personal protective equipment;• Provide all necessary emergency facilities as required at the workplace such as first aid kits;• Ensure that there are safe means of access to and egress from any part of the workplace;• Ensure that any plant and equipment used is properly maintained in accordance with

the manual. Statutory equipment should to be thoroughly examined and certified by an authorised examiner in accordance with statutory requirements;

• Ensure that all workers under their charge have attended the relevant safety training course and possess the relevant certification for the work that is to be carried out;

• Ensure that workers are well familiar with the contingency or emergency plan; and• Keep records of reported accidents, incidents and diseases and take necessary action to

prevent a recurrence.

Responsibilities of Employees• Follow workplace traffic instructions and safety warnings/signages at the workplace;• Attend workplace traffic safety and health training or briefing sessions arranged for them;• Operate or use any plant or equipment provided only if they hold a valid licence, possess

the relevant safety certification and have been given the authorisation to do so;• Observe emergency procedures, instructions and arrangements as laid out and instructed;• Operate the equipment with care and never use operate plants or equipment beyond their

capacity or designated purpose;

• Use all safety devices and personal protective equipment as provided to protect themselves. Never misuse, interfere with or modify any of these devices or equipment;

• Report any damage, malfunction or suspected defect of plant, equipment, safety device or protective equipment to the respective supervisor;

• Report accidents, incidents, diseases and any workplace hazards to the supervisor or the person-in-charge; and

• Suggest ways to improve traffic safety at the workplace if they identify any in the course of work.

Signallers/BanksmenA trained signaller/banksman may be appointed to assist in directing transport vehicles at the workplace in difficult manoeuvres. Where the driver has difficulty sighting one signaller/banksman, two or more signallers/banksmen or alternatives should be appointed.

Signallers/banksmen should be briefed on the risks they are exposed to and properly trained to direct traffic. The following are some responsibilities (not exhaustive) of a signaller/banksman:• Observe safe work procedures/safe traffic measures;• Remain highly visible to drivers at all times;• Use a clear/standard signalling system understood by the driver;• Stand at a safe position while guiding the transport vehicle; and

• Wear highly visible reflective vests at all times.

In this context, ‘banksman’ and ‘signaller’ means a person who signals to a driver/crane operator respectively to guide the manoeuvring of their transport vehicles or lifting operation.

d) Workplace Traffic Signs and SignageSuitable workplace traffic/safety signs should be used to warn or inform driver and pedestrians at workplaces. Please refer to the following photographs for some common traffic/safety signs used at workplaces.

In general, the workplace traffic/safety signage can be summarized as follows:• Use route markings to indicate traffic lanes, route edges, priority at junctions, stop lines,

pedestrian crossings and so on and to instruct drivers (e.g. ‘SLOW’); • Use warning signs to indicate hazards along the way. Traffic lights, speed sensors and

flashing warning signs can be used to control traffic flow and speed;• Use white traffic markings to regulate traffic flow and yellow ones for parking;• Ensure signs are prominent enough so that people can sight them early and take necessary

steps to avoid the hazard; and

28 29

Caution sign at forklift operational area.

Demarcated Pedestrian Crossing Zone.

One way traffic lanes must be marked with a no-entry sign on the exit.

Stop Sign.

Signage to prohibit pedestrian access.

Signage sited at the loading/unloading bay to remind drivers to chock the wheels of their vehicles before commencing loading/unloading.

Speed Limit Sign.

Demarcated Pedestrian Walkway.

Workplace Traffic/Safety Signs are on display at the loading/unloading bay.

Sign to reinforce safety guidelines.

e) HousekeepingAll workplaces including traffic and pedestrian routes should, as far as reasonably practicable, be kept free from obstruction and from anything that may cause slips and falls. Keep the workplace clean and free from obstruction and debris. Spilled loads, anything that falls from a transport vehicle, used packaging and anything else that poses a falling or tripping hazard should be removed promptly.

A well-maintained driveway kept free of obstruction.

A well-maintained loading/unloading bay kept free of obstruction.

• Use warning signs where overhead clearance is limited. Reflective or illuminative signs should be used to enhance their visibility in darker areas.

8. Training/Competency

Safety and health training is important in equipping staff with the required knowledge and skills to work in a safe manner. The management should identify the safety training needs for their employees and work out a training plan.

a) Mandatory Training Employers are required to ensure that their employees at all levels i.e. workers, supervisors and managers possess basic workplace safety and health (WSH) competencies and training for their respective work. The following are some relevant mandatory courses (not exhaustive) and their Approved Training Providers (ATPs) extracted from the list on the MOM website: http://www.mom.gov.sg.

• Risk Management Course for personnel involved in conducting risk assessments.

• Lifting Safety Course for Supervisors or personnel appointed as lifting supervisors for lifting operations by a mobile or tower crane.

• Forklift Driver’s Training Course for operators who drive or operate forklifts and telescopic handlers.

30 31

9. Emergency Response Planning

The establishment and effective implementation of an emergency response plan is crucial in saving lives and mitigating losses in an emergency situation. There should therefore be an emergency plan to cater for situations such as collision of vehicles and pedestrians being struck by moving vehicles at every workplace.

Management should ensure that all staff are familiar with the plan and procedures in the event of an emergency. Regular drills and exercises should be conducted. An evaluation of the drill performance should be carried out and learning points should be used to improve the plan.

The following points (not exhaustive) should be included in the establishment of an emergency response plan:

• Procedures for the raising of alarm;

• Procedures for the evacuation and rescue of victim;

• Provision of the means of rescue and first aid;

• Provision of a means of communication with the relevant government authorities and response agencies; and

• Establishment of an emergency response team with the duties and responsibilities of each member clearly defined.

A stand-by vehicle for emergency response purposes.

• Rigger’s Course for personnel appointed as riggers for lifting operations by a mobile or tower crane.

• Signalmens’ Course for personnel appointed as signalmen for any lifting operation by a mobile or tower crane.

b) In-house TrainingA safety orientation/refresher orientation/periodic safety training should be conducted for all staff under the following situations:

• New employees;

• New equipment or processes are introduced;

• Transfer of staff to another department;

• Periodic for existing staff; and

• All road users.

In particular, the in-house safety and health training for drivers/operators/banksmen/signallers should include the following topics (not exhaustive):

• Safe operation and control of transport vehicles;

• Risk assessments and safe work procedures related to their work;

• Training on the proper usage of personal protective equipment;

• The duties and responsibilities under workplace traffic management plan;

• In-house safety/traffic rules; and

• Emergency response plans.

The in-house safety and health training for management staff should include the following topics (not exhaustive):

• The duties and responsibilities under the workplace traffic management plan;

• Supervision on the proper usage of personal protective equipment;

• In-house safety/traffic rules; and

• Emergency response plans.

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10. Checklist

A sample inspection checklist shown below can be used when conducting regular safety and health inspections. Go over every aspect of the workplace with this checklist to identify and remove possible hazards, unsafe acts and conditions at workplaces.

Workplace Traffic ChecklistThis checklist is designed to assess traffic hazards at the workplaces. This checklist is NOT exhaustive and there may be hazards/controls that have not been covered. Specific hazards at each respective workplace should be identified and included in this checklist for actual implementation at the workplace.

Name of Company/Department/Section :

Location :

Date & Time:

Name of Inspectors:

Yes No NA Closed by

A Workplace, Traffic Layout, Traffic Routes and Pedestrian Walkways

1Are the roads and walkways suitable for the types of vehicular traffic and pedestrian traffic?

2 Are surfaces of roads and walkways slip-resistant?

3 Are transport vehicles and pedestrians kept safely apart?

4Are the road, walkways and parking areas marked properly according to the traffic management plan?

5 Are lighting levels sufficient in the pedestrian areas and for vehicle activity?

6 Do transport vehicles traffic routes have firm and even surfaces?

7Are traffic routes for transport vehicles and pedestrian walkways free from obstructions and other hazards?

8 Are the traffic routes marked properly?

9 Are there standard traffic signs installed at necessary locations?

10

Are convex mirrors (to provide greater vision at blind bends), Road humps (to reduce transport vehicles speeds), or barriers (to keep transport vehicles and pedestrians apart) provided where necessary?

11 Are traffic routes wide enough?

12 Is the width of the passageways at least 1.12 metres?

B Training

1 Has the driver / employee gone through the company safety induction course?

2Has the driver / employee gone through the company refresher training for drivers (If applicable)?

3Does the driver have a valid license and experience to operate the powered vehicle?

4 Are ladders and stairs provided with anti-slip strips?

C Traffic / Operation

1Are suitable transport vehicles and attachments chosen for the tasks to be carried out?

2

Have any observations been made of drivers who do not operate their transport vehicles in a safe manner and obey the traffic rules (e.g. use the correct routes or drive within the speed limit)?

3

Do managers / supervisors / driver / signalman / banksman/ employees wear the PPE provided, such as wearing visibility vests?

4Are control and warning devices such as horn, flashing lights, brakes and turning lights etc in good working condition?

5 Do the drivers carry out pre-operation checks before actual operation?

6 Are personnel cleared of the areas before reversing the powered vehicle?

7Is there a signalman or banksman provided to guide the manoeuvring transport vehicles (If applicable)?

8 Does the signalman or banksman position themselves at a safe position?

9

Are the transport vehicles parked on level ground (Wheels Chocked if applicable) with their parking brakes on and the ignition key removed?

D Loading And Unloading

1Are loading/unloading operations carried out in an area away from passing traffic and pedestrians?

2 Are the right powered vehicle(s) used for loading or unloading?

3Are loading/unloading activities carried out on ground that is flat, firm and free from potholes?

4Are parking brakes used to prevent unwanted movement, e.g. when coupling transport vehicles?

5

Are the transport vehicle’s brakes and/or stabilizer used to prevent unsafe movements during loading and unloading operations?

6

Do the lifting equipment / appliance / gears used for (un)loading transport vehicles possess valid statutory inspection certificate(s)?

7

Is loading/unloading carried out such that the load is spread evenly to avoid the powered vehicle or trailer from becoming unstable?

8

Are checks made to ensure that the load is adequately secured and not over-loaded before the powered vehicle leaves the workplace?

9 Are there any unsafe act observed during loading/ unloading?

10Do employees follow the safe work procedures, when (un)coupling, (un)loading and securing loads, etc.?

E Management and Supervision

1 Are workplace traffic rules documented and distributed?

2

Are managers / supervisors / driver / signalman / banksman/ employees and others, including contractors and visitors, aware of the workplace traffic rules?

3Has a risk assessment been conducted for work activities and briefed to all concerned personnel prior to operation?

4 Has action been taken on violation to the workplace’s traffic rules (if any)?

F Traffic Layout / Traffic Routes / Pedestrian Walkways

1Are the roads and walkways suitable for the types and volumes of vehicular traffic and pedestrian traffic?


3Are there adequate numbers of suitable parking places provided for all parking needs?

4 Is the level of lighting sufficient for vehicular traffic and pedestrian traffic?

5 Do powered vehicle traffic routes have firm and even surfaces?

6 Are vehicular traffic and pedestrian traffic free from obstructions and other hazards?

7 Are traffic routes arranged in a manner which avoid sharp or blind turns?

8Are the traffic routes marked properly according to the traffic management plan?

9 Are standard traffic signs installed at necessary locations?

10

Are convex mirrors (to provide greater vision at blind bends), Road humps (to reduce powered vehicle speeds), or barriers (to keep transport vehicles and pedestrians apart) provided where necessary?

11 Is the width of passageways at least 1.12 metre?

Yes No NA Closed by



2 Are surfaces of roads and walkway slip resistant?



5 Is the level of lighting sufficient for the pedestrian and vehicles activity?





10

Are convex mirrors (to provide greater vision at blind bends), road humps (to reduce transport vehicles speeds), or barriers (to keep transport vehicles and pedestrians apart) provided where necessary?



B Training

1 Has the driver/employee gone through the company safety induction course?

2Has the driver/employee gone through the company refresher training for drivers (If applicable)?


4Has the signalman or banksman been trained to guide the manoeuvring transport vehicles?

C Traffic/Operation


2


3







9







5


6


7


8






2














10



34 35

Yes No NA Closed by











10




B Training







2


3Do managers/supervisors/driver/signalmen/banksmen/employees wear the PPE provided, such as wearing visibility vests?






9







5


6

Do the lifting equipment/appliance/gears used for (un)loading transport vehicles possess valid statutory inspection certificate(s)?

7


8






2














10



Yes No NA Closed by











10




B Training







2


3







9







5


6


7


8


9 Are there any unsafe act observed during loading/unloading?




2

Are managers/supervisors/driver/signalmen/banksmen/employees and others, including contractors and visitors, aware of the workplace traffic rules?



F Traffic Layout/Traffic Routes/Pedestrian Walkways










10


36 37

Yes No NA Closed by











10




B Training







2


3







9







5


6


7


8






2














10

Are convex mirrors (to provide greater vision at blind bends), road humps (to reduce powered vehicle speeds), or barriers (to keep transport vehicles and pedestrians apart) provided where necessary?


Inspection by

Name and signature

A. Guidelines on Risk Assessment at MOM website: www.mom.gov.sg/wsh/risk_management

B. The following legislations at : www.mom.gov.sg/legislation/wsh.html

• Workplace Safety and Health Act

• Workplace Safety and Health (General Provisions) Regulations

• Workplace Safety and Health (Risk Management) Regulations

• Workplace Safety and Health (Incident Reporting) Regulations

• Workplace Safety and Health (First Aid) Regulations

• Workplace Safety and Health (Workplace Safety and Health Committees) Regulations

Regulations• TAs and Publications at WSHC website

• Singapore Standards and Codes of Practice

- Singapore Standard CP 101 : 2004 – Code of Practice for Safe Use of Powered Counterbalanced Forklifts

- Singapore Standard CP 536 : 2008 - Code of Practice for The Safe Use of Mobile Cranes

Singapore Standards can be purchased from SNP Corporation (Legal) Ltd, Legal Publication Retail Outlet, 1 Kim Seng Promenade #18-01/06,Great World City East Tower,Singapore 237994. Tel: (65) 6826 9691http://www.snpcorp.com/webshop

Code of Practice: Coupling or Uncoupling and Parking of Large Goods Vehicle Trailers from The Society of Operations Engineers (SOE).

11. Useful References

38 39

All pictures used for illustrative purposes in this guidelines are reproduced with courtesy of CWT Logistics Private Limited.

12. Acknowledgements

40

Documents

Guidelines on Workplace Traffic Safety Management