© K. Coder 2015

What is a MineralMineral Tests

Rock Cycle

Igneous Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Reference Tables

Guided Notes

Rocks & Minerals

1.What is a Mineral 2.Mineral Properties

3.Rock Cycle 4.Igneous Rocks

5.Sedimentary Rocks 6. Metamorphic Rocks

8. What are igneous rocks?

• Igneous Rocks: rocks formed by the solidification of molten material (magma or lava)

• You must know how to use ESRT page 6: Scheme for Igneous Rock Identification

Rate of cooling

Fast

Slow

Form on Earth’s surface

Form below Earth’s surface

Names of Igneous Rocks

Rate of cooling

Fast

Slow

Rocks in the same row have the same crystal size and texture. Read directly to the right of the rock name for this information.

9. What are the two locations igneous rocks can form?

Extrusive Environment of Formation Intrusive

Also Known As…

Location

Rate of Cooling

Size of Crystals

Texture

Examples

Volcanic

On Earth’s surface

Fast

Less than 1 mm or none

Glassy/fine/vesicular

Obsidian, Basalt, Pumice

Plutonic

Fill in!

Glassy Texture - Obsidian

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Fine Texture - Basalt

Coarse Texture - Granite

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Very Coarse Texture - Pegmatite

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9. What are the two locations igneous rocks can form?

• Vesicular: a rock with gas pockets (holes) formed when gas bubbles became trapped in rapidly cooling lava

Vesicular Basalt Pumice

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Rate of cooling

Fast

Slow

Rocks in the same column have similar color, density, composition, and mineral composition. Read directly below the rock name to the bottom chart for this information.

Any pattern found below the rock name is mineral within this rock.

10. What are igneous rocks composed of?

Aluminum (Al) & Silicon (Si) Dominating Elements Iron (Fe) and

Magnesium (Mg)

Composition

Color

Density

Examples

• Chemistry of Igneous Rocks: depends upon the presence of certain elements

Felsic

Light color

Low density

Obsidian (color exception) Pumice Granite

Fill in

Felsic RocksPumice

Rhyolite

Granite

Mafic RocksScoria

Basalt

Gabbro

11. What are the key features of an igneous rock?Fill in

✓ Review – Igneous Rock Identification:

1) The flowchart below shows the formation of some igneous rocks. Letters A through I indicate parts of the flowchart that have not been labeled. Using your knowledge of igneous rocks and ESRT page 6, fill in the blanks for letters A through I.

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✓ Checkpoint – Igneous Rock Identification:

✓ Review – Igneous Rock Identification:

2) The photograph below shows actual crystal sizes in a light-colored igneous rock that contains several minerals, including potassium feldspar, quartz, and biotite mica.

Which rock should this be identified as? __________________________

✓ Review – Igneous Rock Identification:

3) The diagrams below show the crystals of four different rocks viewed through the same hand lens. Which crystals most likely formed from molten material that cooled and solidified most rapidly?

✓ Review – Igneous Rock Identification:

4) What is the name of the extrusive, non-vesicular igneous rock with a fine texture and a mineral composition of 35% quartz, 35% potassium feldspar, 15% plagioclase feldspar, 10% biotite, and 5% amphibole?

✓ Review – Igneous Rock Identification:

5) Which rock most probably formed directly from lava cooling quickly at Earth’s surface?