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GuideUV Lightingin Terrariawww.dohse-terraristik.com
Correct terrarium lighting is important for breeding and keeping terrarium animals successfully. Specifi c light wavelength ranges - the UV spectrum - are of particular signifi cance here. This is used for prophylaxis of rachitic diseases, for example. This handbook introduces HOBBY products from Dohse Aquaristik, which are especially attuned to the UV requirements of terrarium animals.
Why is UV radiation necessary?Found in the range of light wavelengths not visible to the human eye, the UV-A (320-400 nm) and UV-B (280-320 nm) range plays an important role in terraristics. UV-A radiation is important to diurnal terrarium animals for pigmentation and skin regeneration. Reptiles receiving UV-A light shed skin more frequently and with fewer problems. Furthermore it also helps animals feel good generally and stabilises the immune system. The UV-B range critically affects the calcium balance. Reptiles can only generate suffi cient vitamin D3 in their skin by exposure to this specifi c type of UV radiation. The calcium ingested in food cannot be processed without vitamin D3. A calcium defi cit leads in turn to rachitic muscle weakness, osteomalacia and crippling, and even death.
Where practicable UV-B emitters are also used in
addition to the background lighting.
Guide UV-Lighting
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Are lamps with an 8 % UV-B proportion a must?Lamps with an 8 % UV-B proportion are not yet a quality criterion. The question is what the other 92 % outside of the UV-B range consists of. Besides UV-A, it is princi-pally light from the CMYK spectrum that is visible to the human eye. If the proportion of this light, which is not relevant for rachitis prophylaxis, is reduced to 90 % by tech-nical manufacturing means, the UV-B proportion automatically increases to 10 %. But the level of effective radiation in µW/cm² measures the same before as after, and this is the reliable way of expressing the level of radiation relevant to the reptile. Hence it is no surprise that research shows that lamps from one manufacturer with a stated 8 % UV-B output effectively deliver less radiation in µW/cm² than those from another manufacturer with a stated 6 % output. To express UV-B in % rather than µW/cm² would be like stating a distance in paces rather than reliably in meters and with no knowledge of whether this were for children‘s or adults‘ stride lengths.
How much UV-B is really necessary?To date there is no systematic research on individual requirements for UV-B radiation for different types of reptile. Therefore the rule is to adapt the artifi cial lighting in the terrarium as closely as possible to the natural UV-B dosage in the animals‘ habitat. Animals from the desert and savannah have the greatest requirement for light and, thereby, UV radiation. Forest and especially rain forest inhabitants can get by with less UV-B radiation, as UV rays can barely penetrate the dense vegetation in their habitat. The ideal UV-B dosage from both natural and artifi cial lighting can be determined from the intensity and duration of the radiation. If you do not know the intensity of the radiation in your animal‘s natural environment or that of the emitter in your ter-rarium, you should just expose your reptile to the UV-B light for a specifi c time every day for several days and carefully observe the animal as you do so. If its behaviour is constant throughout the whole period spent under the UV-B emitter, the radiation period can generally be extended. If it withdraws and avoids the UV-B light, the radiation period should obviously be reduced. 50 µW/cm² of UV-B radiation is suffi cient for synthesis of the anti-rachitic prophylaxis vitamin D3. For basking areas we recommend 100-150 µW/cm². The important thing here is to observe the manufacturer‘s instructions on the lamp packaging in terms of the distances at which the radiation values are reached. The greater the distance between the lamp and the animal, the smaller the radiation effective for vitamin D3 synthesis.
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How do you accurately calculate the UV dosage?By knowing the necessary UV-B dosage, you can use the duration of the radiation to compensate for big differences in the strength of radiation intensities. Strong UV emitters can deliver the same dose in a few minutes as weak UV emitters can in se-veral hours. The following formula can be used to calculate the dosage: Dosage (mJ/cm²) = radiation intensity (µw/cm2) x radiation duration (seconds) / 1000. A reptile that would spend one hour in the midday sun in summer would receive the following radiation dosage depending on the location:
Location Irradiance in µw/cm² Irradiance in seconds Dose in mJ/cm²Äquator 270 3600 972Melbourne (Australia) 265 3600 954Florida (USA) 255 3600 318Bonn (Germany) 180 3600 648
Subject to distance, the HOBBY UV radiators emit (Irradiance in µw/cm²):
Distance in cm
UV Compact Desert
UV Star Tropic UV Star Desert UV Star Power UV Reptile vital
50 W 70 W 50 W 70 W 50 W 70 W 160 W 100 W15 144 320 400 480 640 >2000 >2000 1438 48130 35 80 100 120 160 960 1248 358 12245 16 36 44 53 71 426 566 161 5460 9 20 25 30 40 240 320 91 3175 6 13 16 19 26 154 204 58 2090 4 9 11 13 18 104 138 39 13
If a reptile in a terrarium in the care of a human needs to receive the same radiation dosage as in nature, you can calculate the maximum radiation duration yourself based on radiation intensity and distance. As an example, let‘s take a reptile that receives a dosage of 954 mJ/cm² in one hour under the midday sun in Melbourne, Australia.
Guide UV-Lighting
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The irradiation period can be calculated according to the following formula: Irradiati-on period (minutes) = (Dose (mJ/cm²) x 1000) / Irradiance (µw/cm²) x 60. At a 45 cm distance from the lamp it should be irradiated for the following period:
HOBBY UV-B Radiators Irradiance in µw/cm² Projected Dose(Example)
Irradiance (Minutes)
UV Reptile vital 100 W at 45 cm distance 54 954 app. 295
UV Reptile vital 160 W at 45 cm distance 161 954 app. 99
UV Star Tropic 50 W at 45 cm distance 36 954 app. 442
UV Star Tropic 70 W at 45 cm distance 44 954 app. 361
UV Star Desert 50 W at 45 cm distance 53 954 app. 300
UV Star Desert 70 W at 45 cm distance 71 954 app. 224
UV Star Power 50 W at 45 cm distance 426 954 app. 37
UV Star Power 70 W at 45 cm distance 566 954 app. 28
Please note that just one hour under the midday sun in summer is selected for this example. Some reptiles stay in the sun for longer. For earlier or later times of the day or different times of the year, the natural radiation dosage is correspondingly somewhat lower. The radiation duration depends on too many factors than can be quantifi ed exactly to the minute. Moreover, note that the lighting radiation intensity can decrease by over 25 % after 200 hours and over 75 % after 1000 hours. This is invisible to the human eye, yet photosensitive animals will certainly notice it. Depending on the emitter strength, distance from the radiation and UV requirement for animals in your care, the lamps should be replaced no later than at this time in order to prevent rachitic diseases, for example.
4264 954 app. 37
566 954 app. 28
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Do fl uorescent lights emit suffi cient UV-B?Fluorescent lights in the form of a tube are manufactured as T8 tubes with a 26 mm diameter and T5 tubes with a 16 mm diameter. Versions for terraristics that are offered as background lighting for many terraria exhibit a UV-B proportion. UV light is turned into visible light by phosphors contained within the body of the lamp.
As with all T8 tubes, so too the HOBBY Reptile Light, which has a 30 % UV-A and 8 % UV-B proportion, is only adequate for terrarium animals with a very low UV requirement when it is the only source of light. The UV-B radiation is only effective to a ma-ximum distance of 35 cm. For rep-tiles it is essential to use a special UV-B emitter to boost this.
Model15 W,
45 cm
18 W,
60 cm
30 W,
90 cm
36 W,
120 cm
38 W,
105 cm
Item no. 37400 37402 37406 37408 37410
Colour temperature 7,000 K 7,000 K 7,000 K 7,000 K 7,000 K
Light Intensity 500 lm 600 lm 1,100 lm 1,400 lm 1,350 lm
Colour rendition 92 Ra 92 Ra 92 Ra 92 Ra 92 Ra
Light-spectrum
Reptile-Light Terrarium lamp with UV-B radiation
-
p-p-l lll
Guide UV-Lighting
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Which terraria are compact UV-B lamps adequate for?Low energy UV-B lamps give off enough UV-B radiation for animals that are no further than 20 to 30 cm from the source of light. Compact lamps are suitable when keeping ground-living reptiles in low terraria with a maximum height of 40 cm. When keeping climbing reptiles, this source of light can also be effective in high terraria, as long as the places where they bask are close enough to the source of light.
Compact UV-B lamps have differing qualities. The following comparitive market research clarifi es yet again how limited the meaningfulness of percentage values is:
Lamp distance in cm Compe-titor B5 % UVB
Compe-titor B 10 % UVB
Compe-titor A 8 % UVB
HOBBY UV Compact Jungle4 % UVB
HOBBY UV Compact Desert8 % UVB
Irradiance in µW/cm²
10 59 179 181 181 22620 15 57 61 58 7630 8 23 27 29 3540 5 19 20 18 23
UV Compact Desert in desert terrarium
Model Jungle 23 W Desert 23 W
Item no. 37333 37335
Colour temperature 8,650 K 9,944 K
Light Intensity 447.5 lm 347.3 lm
Colour rendition 77 Ra 66.3 Ra
Light-spectrum
UV Compact4 % / 8 % compact UV-B lamps
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How good are UV-B blended light lamps?Blended light lamps are a combination of high pressure metal vapour and incande-scent lamps. Using a coiled fi lament for series resistance, such lamps can be operated without a ballast.
For many years blended light lamps were the most popular means of lighting for UV-B radiation and so for providing the anti-rachitic prophylaxis vitamin D3. Because of their size (12 cm wide by 18 cm high), such terrarium lights are ideal for very large terraria. The lamps can also be used in smaller terraria if they are set up over rather than in the terrarium. In this case we recommend replacing the terrarium roof with a wire mesh, as glass does not let any UV radiation through and perforated metal plates only a limited amount.
The HOBBY UV Reptile vital is a full spectrum lamp with good colour rendering. The nickel-plated thread is especially designed to prevent corrosion in damp terraria. The frosted front glass provides visible and UV-B light output at a wide angle of radiation. Dohse Aquaristik offers an operating warranty of six months on lamps manufactured in western Europe.
Model 100 W 160 W
Item no. 37316 37318
Colour temperature 4,000 K 4,200 K
Light Intensity 1,000 lm 1,900 lm
Colour rendition 35 Ra 50 Ra
Light-spectrum
UV Reptile vital UV All-Day-Light
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Guide UV-Lighting
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Why are UV-B metal vapour lamps so revolutionary?• With their limited size of approximately 9.5 cm wide by 11.5 cm high, they can be
installed inside the terrarium.
• Regardless of the distance, light intensities of over 100,000 lux can be achieved, as only occurs naturally and which cannot be achieved using conventional lighting.
• Higher UV-A and UV-B values are achieved compared to conventional UV-B blended light emitters.
• Having wattages of 50 and 70 watts means they consume less than half or less than one third respectively of the energy of standard 160 watt emitters.
• The low-energy ignition process extends the operating lifetime through the use of ballasts that only incur a one-off purchase cost and that quickly pay for themselves in energy savings.
• With an average operating lifetime of 6,000 hours, the lamps last around 6 times longer than ordinary incandescent lamps.
• The thick glass, the shape and the refl ector mean that the heat output is concentra-ted downwards and the heat loss to the side and behind is minimised.
• Depending on the terrarium animal, such lamps are suffi cient as the only source of light.
What are the advantages of the HOBBY UV Star UV-B metal vapour lamp?*Depending on the type and distance, higher UV-B values are delivered compared to competitive lamps. The lamps provide an optimum supply in the range of most impor-tance in vitamin D3 synthesis, 290-305 nm (the distribution is uneven across the who-le UV-B range of 280-315 nm). The associated ballasts have a notably longer lifespan. High manufacturing standards ensure consistent quality for the lamps and quantity of UV-B delivered. With these lamps, attention has been paid to the proportionality of the UV-B and heat output - competitive lamps that offer optimal distances of 20-35 cm for UV-B radiation run at temperatures of 40 °C to well over 50 °C, which is way beyond those to which inhabitants of tropical rain forests are exposed to in nature. Dohse Aquaristik provides an operating warranty of six months on all UV Star models.
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What is different about the HOBBY UV Star Tropic?Forest inhabitants such as basilisks, water dragons or green iguanas prefer warmer light such as that provi-ded by our 4,000 Kelvin UV Star Tropic lamps. Even at a distance of 35-40 cm from the reptile the lamps still achieve the minimum required UV-B values of 50 µW/cm². At a distance of 25-35 cm the lamps achieve the optimum UV-B values for tropical reptiles of 100 µW/cm².
What is different about the HOBBY UV Star Desert?Desert inhabitants such as bearded dragons, spiny-tailed dragons or girdled lizards prefer a cooler, whiter light such as that provided by the UV Star Desert lamp, with a 6,000 Kelvin spectrum similar to daylight. Even at a distance of 45-55 cm from the reptile the lamps still achieve the mini-mum required UV-B values of 50 µW/cm². At a distance of 25-35 cm the lamps achieve the optimum UV-B values for desert-inhabiting reptiles of 150 µW/cm².
Model 50 W 70 W
Item no. 37309 37310
Colour temperature 3,984 K 3,617 K
Light Intensity 2,523 lm 4,029 lm
Colour rendition 63.7 Ra 67.7 Ra
Light-spectrum
UV Star Tropic Surface radiator fortropical reptiles
Model 50 W 70 W
Item no. 37311 37312
Colour temperature 6,116 K 5,579 K
Light Intensity 1,690 lm 2,481 lm
Colour rendition 61.6 Ra 69.7 Ra
Light-spectrum
UV Star Desert Surface radiator for Reptiles from desert regions
µµ
Guide UV-Lighting
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What is different about the HOBBY UV Star Power?Our UV Star Power lamp also emits the cold white light with a 6,000 Kelvin spec-trum similar to daylight, which is ideal for bearded dragons, spiny-tailed dragons and girdled lizards.
This lamps reaches higher UV-B values than other PAR 30 competitor emitters* and thus achieve the best UV-B results at large distances from the light source, i.e. in high terraria. Even at a distance of 120 cm from the reptile the lamps still achieve the minimum required UV-B values of 50 µW/cm². At a distance of 55-65 cm the lamps achieve the optimum UV-B values for basking reptiles of 250 µW/cm².* = based on the competitor models available on the market at the time of writing
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Model 50 W 70 W
Item no. 37313 37314
Colour temperature 6,060 K 5,684 K
Light Intensity 1,675 lm 2,694 lm
Colour rendition 58.5 Ra 70.9 Ra
Light-spectrum
UV Star Power Spot lamp forbasking reptiles
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How much UV-B emit HOBBY UV-Star Models?UV-B in µW/cm²
Tropic Desert Power50 W 70 W 50 W 70 W 50 W 70 W
15 cm 320 400 480 640 > 2000 > 2,00030 cm 80 100 120 160 960 124845 cm 36 44 53 71 426 56660 cm 20 25 30 40 240 32075 cm 13 16 19 26 154 20490 cm 9 11 13 18 104 138
How much lighting intensity emit HOBBY UV-Star Models?Lux Tropic Desert Power
50 W 70 W 50 W 70 W 50 W 70 W15 cm 316,700 519,000 209,500 288,600 1 045,500 1 077,00030 cm 76,900 127,500 50,900 72,400 235,600 267,00045 cm 32,500 55,000 21,500 31,900 113,900 117,00060 cm 16,900 29,500 11,200 17,700 63.500 64,50075 cm 9,700 17,900 6,960 11,200 39,900 40,20090 cm 8,800 14,500 5,900 8,100 29,000 30,000
How much heat radiate HOBBY UV-Star Models?°C Tropic Desert Power
50 W 70 W 50 W 70 W 50 W 70 W15 cm 40 44 56 62 67 7530 cm 30 33 40 43 44 4845 cm 26 28 31 33 36 3860 cm 24 25 26 28 31 3375 cm 23 24 25 26 28 3190 cm 23 23 24 25 26 29
What do I need to use UV Star models?Depending on the model you fi rst need a 50 or 70 watt ballast such as
the UV Star EVG 50 W or UV Star EVG 70 W. To install this you need a mains cable as available in the HOBBY range. This is split and connects
the ballast to the plug and to the light‘s socket. Sockets are also available in the HOBBY range. Alternatively you can use the
Ceramic Socket Set that consists of a socket and mains cable.
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the UV Star EVG 50 W omains cable as availabl
the ballast to the pluavailable in the H
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15 cm3030 0 0 cmcm45 cm60 60 6 cmcm75 cm90 90 cmcm
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What distances to the animal should be maintained when using a UV Star model?
For the safety of the animal and the longevity of the emitter a distance of 20 cm should be maintained when using the 50 watt UV Star and 30 cm when using the 70 watt UV Star. The maximum distance should be selected such that the UV-B output does not drop below 50 µW/cm². The optimum distance is between 25 and 65 cm, depending on the model and the animal‘s requirement
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When should UV Star models be replaced?A distinction must be made between visual light and UV-B output. The average lifespan of 6,000 hours corresponds to 10 hours of illumination per day for about 1.5 years.
According to our research on different models from different manufacturers, the UV-B output reduces by 40 % after 1,000 hours (or about 3 months of use at 10 hours of illumination per day).
Hence for the wellbeing of the animals the emitters should be replaced after no more than six months.
Guide UV-Lighting
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How do UV Star lamps work?An electronic ballast such as those offered under the HOBBY brand must be used. The ballast generates the voltage required to ignite the lamp. This simultaneously increa-ses the lifespan of UV Star lamps, offsetting the cost of purchasing the ballast.
With the purchase price for UV Star lamps reckoned over a six-month period of recommended use and many years‘ use of the ballast, the health of your animal will cost you just 2-3 cents/hour.
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A trademark of Dohse AquaristikDohse Aquaristik GmbH & Co. KGOtto-Hahn-Str. 9D-53501 GelsdorfTel.: 0049-(0)2225-9415-0Fax: 0049-(0)2225-946494
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Technical alteration reserved. Technical sizes are meant to be approximate sizes rather than assured characteristics. Due to the printing process, the product and packaging illustrations may vary from the originals. Changes, printing and other errors and omissions excepted.
Stand 05/2012 • Item no.: 73020
