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Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission Abstract / comments : Distribution lists : Reference : PE/IRC/APP/0109 Version : 01.02/EN Date : JULY 1999 Ext. ref. : Type : IIP Product : COMBINER Cat : I Status : Approved Author : Ch. CHERREAU Documentalist : A.-M. LEBERRE Approved by : M.N. BOURSIN Quality manager : COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM 900/1800/1900

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Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission

Abstract / comments :

Distribution lists :

Reference : PE/IRC/APP/0109Version : 01.02/ENDate : JULY 1999

Ext. ref. :Type : IIPProduct : COMBINERCat : IStatus : Approved

Author : Ch. CHERREAU

Documentalist : A.-M. LEBERRE

Approved by : M.N. BOURSIN

Quality manager :

COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES

GSM 900/1800/1900

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Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission

Page 2 PE/IRC/APP/0109 Approved 01.02/EN JULY 1999

DOCUMENT AMENDMENTS

VERSION DATE COMMENTS AUTHOR

01.01/EN June 1999 Creation Ch. CHERREAU

01.02/EN July 1999 Modification after review (cf minutes of the review “PE/IRC/GES/0041 - 01.01/EN”)

Ch. CHERREAU

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GSM 900/1800/1900

COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES

© Nortel Matra Cellular and Northern Telecom 1998

Printed in France

NORTEL NORTHERN TELECOM AND NORTEL MATRA CELLULAR CONFIDENTIAL: The information contained in this

document is the property of Northern Telecom and/or Nortel Matra Cellular. Except as specifically authorized in writing by

Northern Telecom and Nortel Matra Cellular, the holder of this document shall keep the information contained herein confi-

dential and shall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use for evaluation,

operation and maintenance purposes only.

You may not reproduce, represent, or download through any means, the information contained herein in any way or in any

form without prior written consent of Northern Telecom and Nortel Matra Cellular.

Product release: GSM/BSS V12

Document number: PE/IRC/APP/0109

Date: JULY 1999

Document issue: 01.02/EN

Document status: Approved

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PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission

COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page i

1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.1 Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.2 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2 RELATED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.1 Applicable Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.2 Reference Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3 ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.1 Acronyms & Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.2 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

4 THEORY OF COUPLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.1 Utility of Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.2 Usual Devices Used in Coupling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4.2.1 Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4.2.2 Attenuator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4.2.3 Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4.2.4 VSWR Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

4.2.5 Circulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

4.2.6 Hybrid Combiner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

4.2.7 Splitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

4.2.8 Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

4.3 Transmission Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

4.3.1 2 Channel Hybrid Combiner Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

4.3.2 4 Channel Hybrid Combiner Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

4.3.3 Cavity Combiner Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

4.3.4 Filter in transmission path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

4.4 Reception Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

4.4.1 LNA-Splitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

4.4.2 RX-Splitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

4.4.3 RX Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

4.5 Duplexer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

5 DEFINITIONS OF TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR IMPACT 35

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5.1 Aim of the Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

5.2 Common Technical Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

5.3 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

5.3.1 SMA Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

5.3.2 N Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

5.3.3 7-16 Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

5.4 Transmission Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

5.4.1 Common Technical Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

5.4.2 Hybrid Combiner (passive device) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

5.4.3 TX Filter S8000 (passive device, only supplied with VSWR meter) . . . . . . . . . . . 50

5.5 Reception Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

5.5.1 Common Technical Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

5.5.2 RX-Splitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

5.5.3 Receive Filter (For S2000H BTS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

5.5.4 LNA-Splitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

5.6 Duplexer (passive device) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

5.6.1 Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

5.6.2 Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

5.7 DLNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

5.7.1 Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

5.7.2 Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

5.8 HPRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

5.8.1 Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

5.8.2 Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

5.9 Optical Fiber equipment, Multi-Antenna Systems and Indoor Coverage. . . . . . . . 65

5.9.1 Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

5.9.2 Presentation and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

6 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXISTING COMBINERS . . . . . . . 69

6.1 Transmission Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

6.1.1 Hybrid Combiner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

6.1.2 TX Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

6.1.3 Cavity Combiner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

6.2 Reception Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page iii

6.2.1 LNA-Splitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

6.2.2 RX-Splitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

6.2.3 Receive filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

6.3 Duplexer & Hybrid Duplexer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

6.3.1 Duplexer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

6.3.2 Hybrid Duplexer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

6.4 Specific variants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

6.4.1 VSWR Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

6.4.2 HPRF Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

6.5 Optical Fibers Equipment, Multi-Antenna Systems and Indoor Coverage . . . . . . 98

6.5.1 Multi-antenna Systems and Indoor Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

6.5.2 Optical Fiber Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

7 USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

7.1 Use of Existing Combiners in the Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

7.1.1 Use of the Combiner Inside the BTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

7.1.2 Use of the Combiners Outside of the BTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

7.1.3 Co-siting With Other Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

7.2 Association DLU/Type of coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

7.2.1 Definition of a DLU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

7.2.2 Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

7.3 Static and Dynamic Configuration Mechanisms of the Transmission Levels of the BTS 138

7.3.1 Static Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

7.3.2 Dynamic Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

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LIST OF FIGURES

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Page iv PE/IRC/APP/0109 Approved 01.02/EN JULY 1999

Figure 4-1 Load Schematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Figure 4-2 Cavity Filter Inside an H2D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Figure 4-3 Cavities and Tuning Rod of an H2D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Figure 4-4 Description Of The VSWR Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Figure 4-5 Circulator Schematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Figure 4-6 Isolator Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Figure 4-7 Hybrid Combiner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Figure 4-8 Hybrid Combiner in AN H2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Figure 4-9 Example: 4 Ways Splitter Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Figure 4-10 Amplifier Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Figure 4-11 Coupling System in the BTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Figure 4-12 2 Channel Hybrid Combiner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Figure 4-13 2 Channel Hybrid Combiner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Figure 4-14 4 Channel Hybrid Combiner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Figure 4-15 4 Channel Hybrid Combiner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Figure 4-16 Isolation Between 2 Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Figure 4-17 Cavity Combiner Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Figure 4-18 Cavity Combiner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Figure 4-19 Tuning Curve Of A Cavity Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Figure 4-20 TX Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Figure 4-21 S8000 TX Filter Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Figure 4-22 LNA-Splitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Figure 4-23 RX-Splitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Figure 4-24 RX-Splitter Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Figure 4-25 Duplexer Combiner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Figure 4-26 Attenuation VS Filter (RX or TX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Figure 5-1 Description of Ripple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Figure 5-2 Examples of SMA Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Figure 5-3 Examples of N Connectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Figure 5-4 Examples of 7-16 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Figure 5-5 Principle of Return Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Figure 5-6 Bandwidth Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

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LIST OF FIGURES

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page v

Figure 5-7 In-band Ripple. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Figure 5-8 Maximum Insertion Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Figure 5-9 Intermodulation Level or Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Figure 5-10 Third Order Intercept Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Figure 5-11 Noise Figure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Figure 5-12 PA Output Signal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Figure 5-13 Single HPRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Figure 5-14 Dual HPRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Figure 5-15 Antenna Coupler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Figure 5-16 Description of Optical Fiber Equipment chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Figure 6-1 Basic Functional Diagram Of VSWR Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Figure 6-2 Example of Antenna Coupler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Figure 6-3 Example of Power Tapper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Figure 6-4 General Description of LGC System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Figure 7-1 O1 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Figure 7-2 O2 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Figure 7-3 O2 Configuration With Single Feeder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Figure 7-4 O4 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Figure 7-5 O4 configuration With Single Feeder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

Figure 7-6 O1 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Figure 7-7 O2 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Figure 7-8 S11 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Figure 7-9 Indoor coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Figure 7-10 Power in Cabinet Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

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LIST OF TABLES

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Table 4-1 Duplex Shift VS GSM Bands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Table 5-1 Frequency Bands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Table 5-2 First Numeral Characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Table 5-3 Second Numeral Characteristic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Table 6-1 2 Channels Hybrid Combiner Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Table 6-2 2 Channels Hybrid Combiner Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Table 6-3 2 Channels Hybrid Combiner Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Table 6-4 2 Channels Hybrid Combiner Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Table 6-5 TX Filter Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Table 6-6 LNA-Splitter Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Table 6-7 LNA-Splitter Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Table 6-8 LNA-Splitter Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Table 6-9 RX-Splitter Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Table 6-10 RecEive Filter Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Table 6-11 Duplexer Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Table 6-12 Duplexer Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Table 6-13 Duplexer Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Table 6-14 Duplexer Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Table 6-15 Duplexer Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Table 6-16 2 Channels Hybrid Duplexer Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Table 6-17 4 Channels Hybrid duplexer Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Table 6-18 VSWR Meter Specification Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Table 6-19 Antenna Coupler / Power Divider Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Table 6-20 Power Splitter / Power Divider Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Table 6-21 Power Splitter / Power Divider Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Table 6-22 Power Splitter / Power Divider Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Table 6-23 Power Splitter / Power divider Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Table 6-24 Power Splitter / Power Divider / Power Tappers Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . 105

Table 6-25 Power Tappers Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Table 6-26 Power Tapper Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Table 6-27 LGC System Gain, Maximum Input/Output RF Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Table 6-28 Maximum Input RF Power per Carrier VS Number of Carriers . . . . . . . . . . . 112

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LIST OF TABLES

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page vii

Table 6-29 Stacking Cellular Fiber Main Hub. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Table 7-1 S2000L BTS Available Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Table 7-2 Insertion Loss VS. Way of Coupling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Table 7-3 S2000H Available Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Table 7-4 Ranking of the Combiners for the Best coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Table 7-5 Ranking of the Combiners for the Best Traffic Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Table 7-6 Insertion Loss (dB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Table 7-7 Depopulated Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Table 7-8 Depopulated Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Table 7-9 Depopulated Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Table 7-10 Depopulated Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

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INTRODUCTION

Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission

COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 1

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 OBJECT

The target audience of this document is the Network Designers within NORTELNETWORKS.

Its goal is to provide them with all the useful information they may need toinclude the different coupling systems (internal to the BTS or external to theBTS) in the GSM 900/1800/1900 networks.

1.2 SCOPE

This document edition is applicable from V9 to V12 system release and for theS2000H/L and S8000 BTS families.

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INTRODUCTION

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RELATED DOCUMENTS

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 3

2 RELATED DOCUMENTS

2.1 APPLICABLE DOCUMENT

[A1] Indoor Antenna network: Coax & Optic FibrePE/IRC/DD/0017 V 01.00/EN Author: J.M. Corbel/ L. Medfouni

[A2] Indoor RF Eng’ GuidelinesPE/IRC/APP/0093 V 01.02.EN Author: J.M. Corbel

[A3] Cositing and collocation phenomena - Engineering rulesCOP/IRC/99/6626/ML V 01.01/EN Author: M. Laune

[A4] Fichier de configuration matérielle de la BTSPE/BTS/DD/1308 V 01.05.FR Author: D. Deville

[A5] Memorandum: “DLU management for S8000”NMC/PENG/98/172/YM V 1.02.EN Author: Y. Maurin

2.2 REFERENCE DOCUMENT

For internal coupling, the reference documents are the followings:

[R1] ETSI Recommandation 05.05 version 7.0.0 release 1998

[R2] Technical specification for the EGSM, DCS & PCS VSWR meter for the S8000BTSPCS/BTS/DD/0036 V 01.04/EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R3] CEI/IEC 529: Degrees Of Protection Provided By Enclosures (IP Code)

[R4] Technical specification for the 900 MHz S8000 RF CombinerPE/BTS/DD/0678 V 01.07/EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R5] Technical specification for the RGSM 900 MHz S8000 RF Combiner modulesPE/BTS/DD/1151 V 01.01/EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R6] Technical specification for the E-GSM 900 MHz S8000 hybrid combinermodulesPE/BTS/DD/00659 V 01.04/EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R7] Technical specification for the 900 MHz S8000 Tx Filter (TxF) modulePE/BTS/DD/1169 V 01.02/EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R8] Technical specification for the E-GSM 900 MHz S8000 LNA splitter modulesPE/BTS/DD/0662 V 01.04/EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R9] Technical specification for the RGSM S8000 LNA splitter modulesPE/BTS/DD/1160 V 01.01/EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R10] Specification of the S8000 E-GSM and R-GSM RX SplitterPE/BTS/DD/0932 V 01.03.EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R11] Technical specification for the 900 Mhz S8000 diplexer modulePE/BTS/DD/0658 V 02.01/EN Author: E. Wantiez

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[R12] Technical specification for the RGSM Diplexer for the S8000 BTSPE/BTS/DD/1150 V 01.01/EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R13] Technical specification for the 1800 MHz S8000 RF Combiner moduleDCS/BTS/DD/0066 V 01.06/EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R14] Technical specification for the 1800MHz Hybrid combiner for the S8000 BTSDCS/BTS/DD/0062 V 01.02/EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R15] Technical specification for the 1800 MHz S8000 Tx Filter (TxF) moduleDCS/BTS/DD/0094 V 01.02/EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R16] Specification of the S8000 DCS RX-SplitterDCS/BTS/DD/0081 V 01.03.EN author: B. Chabord

[R17] Technical specification for the 1800 MHz S8000 LNA splitter modulesDCS/BTS/DD/0063 V 01.05/EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R18] Technical specification for the 1800 MHz S8000 Diplexer moduleDCS/BTS/DD/0061 V 02.01/EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R19] Technical Specification for the 1800 MHz S8000 Transmit Coupling System(Remotely tunable cavity combiner)DCS/BTS/DD/0075 V 02.01/EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R20] Technical specification for the 1900 MHz S8000 RF Combiner modulePCS/BTS/DD/0038 V 01.05/EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R21] Technical specification for the 1900MHz Hybrid combiner for the S8000 BTSPCS/BTS/DD/0034 V 01.02/EN Author F. Lavigne

[R22] Technical specification for the 1900 MHz S8000 Tx Filter (TxF) modulePCS/BTS/DD/0076 V 01.02/EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R23] Technical specification for the 1900 MHz 2G LNA-splitterPCS/BTS/DD/0035 V 01.04.EN Author F. Lavigne

[R24] Technical specification for the 1900 MHz S8000 Diplexer modulePCS/BTS/DD/0033 V 02.01/EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R25] Technical specification for the 900 MHz S2000P Diplexer-LNA modulePE/BTS/DD/1246 V 02.04/EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R26] Technical specification for the 1800 MHz S2000P Diplexer-LNA moduleDCS/BTS/DD/0100 V 01.02/EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R27] Technical specification for the 1900 MHz S2000P Diplexer-LNA modulePCS/BTS/DD/0081 V 01.02/EN Author: E. Wantiez

[R28] Specification of Radio Configuration for Standard OUTDOOR BTS 1900, 1800,900 MHz...PE/BTS/DD/0866 V 01.05.ENAuthor: N. Guilloux/JJ. Allory

[R29] Specification of Radio Configuration for Standard INDOOR BTS 1900, 1800,900 MHz...PE/BTS/DD/0973 V 01.04.ENAuthor: N. Guilloux/JJ. Allory

[R30] Technical specification for the GSM-DCS-PCS Hybrid Combiner for theS2000L BTS

Author: LP. Nollot

[R31] S2000 Base Transceiver Station GSM900 Low Noise Amplifier DesignSpecificationDSQA2607 01.02 Author: P.Y. Raboteau

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 5

[R32] Product functional specification for the S2000L duplexer (900 MHz) LP (usedon NTQA2203)PSQA2203 1.2 Author: C. Pidancier

[R33] S2000 Base Transceiver Station DCS1800LP LNA Test SpecificationXSQA2627 02.02 Author: E. Michel

[R34] Product functional specification for the S2000L duplexer (1800 MHz) LP (usedon NTQA2201)PSQA2201 1.2 Author: C. Pidancier

[R35] Product functional specification for the S2000L duplexer (1900 MHz) LP (usedon NTQA2698)PSQA2698 0.2 Author: R. Sharma

[R36] S2000 Base Transceiver Station PCS1900LP LNA Test SpecificationXSQA2626 01.01 Author: T. Wang

[R37] Technical specification for the receive filter module in S2000D micro-BTS GSM900 high powerGSM/BTS/DD/1063 V 01.03/EN Author: D. Gastao

[R38] S2000 Base Transceiver Station E-GSM 900 Low Noise Amplifier SpecificationPE/BTS/DD/1047 V 01.02/EN Author: P. Hervé

[R39] Technical specification for the diplexer module in the S2000D micro-BTS GSM900 MHz high powerPE/BTS/DD/1062 V 01.05/EN Author: P. Hervé

[R40] Technical specification for the receive filter module in S2000D micro-BTS DCS1800 high powerDCS/BTS/DD/88 V 01.03/EN Author: D. Gastao

[R41] S2000 Base Transceiver Station DCS 1800 Low Noise Amplifier SpecificationDCS/BTS/DD/0084 V 01.02/EN Author: P. Hervé

[R42] Technical specification for the diplexer module in the S2000D micro-BTS DCS1800 MHz high powerDCS/BTS/DD/0087 V 01.08/EN Author: P. Hervé

[R43] Product functional specification for S2000H receive filter (1900 MHz)PSQA2617 01/04 Author: R. Thomar

[R44] Specification Of the New Design S2000 GSM Low Noise AmplifierPCS/BTS/DD/0080 V 01.01/EN Author: P. Hervé

[R45] Product functional specification for S2000H duplexer (1900 MHz) HP (used onNTQA2605)PSQA2605 01/04 Author: P. Hervé

[R46] Technical specification for the 900 MHz mini BTS Transmit Coupling System(Hybrid and diplexer version)PE/BTS/DD/0617 V 01.01.EN Author: Ch. Rochebloine

[R47] Technical specification for a 900 MHz standard BTS Transmit Coupling System(Hybrid and diplexer version)PE/BTS/DD/0448 V 01.01.EN Author: F. Lavigne

[R48] GSM 900: technical specification for the duplexer of the mini BTS outdoorPE/BTS/DD/0406 V 01.01.EN Author: I. Carnot/Y. Renard

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[R49] Technical specification for the 900 MHz standard BTS Transmit CouplingSystemPE/BTS/DD/0470 V 01.03.EN Author: F. Lavigne

[R50] Technical specification for a 900 MHz Transmit Coupling System - Tunablecavities versionPE/BTS/DD/0342 V 01.05.GB Author: P. Savornin/F. Lavigne

[R51] Technical specification for the 900 MHz standard BTS Receive CouplingSystem with a 23 MHz bandwidthPE/BTS/DD/0651 V 01.01.EN Author: Ch. Rochebloine

[R52] Technical specification for the 900 MHZ standard BTS Receive CouplingSystem (20 MHz main unit)PE/BTS/DD/0468 V 01.02.EN Author: F. Lavigne

[R53] Specification of the variable gain Rx-splitter to be used in a GSM standard BTSwith a DLNAPE/BTS/DD/0639 V 01.03.EN Author: F. Ploneis

[R54] Technical specification for a GSM 4-way Rx-splitter for the mini BTSPE/BTS/DD/0614 V 01.01.EN Author: F. Lavigne

[R55] Specification of the Mast head duplexer - low noise amplifier (DLNA) for a GSM900 BTSPE/BTS/DD/0599 V 01.02.EN Author: V. Lopez

[R56] Technical specification for the 1.8 GHz mini BTS Transmit Coupling System(Hybrid and diplexer version)DCS/BTS/DD/0058 V 01.01.EN Author: Ch. Rochebloine

[R57] Technical specification for the 1.8 GHz standard BTS transmit CouplingSystem (Hybrid and diplexer version)DCS/BTS/DD/0014 V 01.02.EN Author: F. Lavigne

[R58] DCS 1800: technical specification for the duplexer of the mini BTS outdoorDCS/BTS/DD/0005 V 01.02.EN Author: I. Carnot

[R59] Technical specification for the 1.8 GHz standard BTS Transmit CouplingSystem (diplexer and remotely tunable cavities version)DCS/BTS/DD/0015 V 01.04.EN Author: F. Lavigne

[R60] Technical specification for a 1800 MHz Transmit Coupling System - HybridversionPE/BTS/DD/0361 V 01.04.EN Author: P. Savornin/ Y. Renard

[R61] Technical specification for a DCS 4-ways Rx-splitter for the mini BTSDCS/BTS/DD/0057 V 01.01.EN Author: F. Lavigne

[R62] Technical specification of the Rx-splitter (variable gain) for the DCS 1800standard BTSDSC/BTS/DD/0019 V 01.02.EN Author: I. Carnot

[R63] Technical specification of the variable gain Rx-splitter to be used with a DCS1800 MEU in a standard BTSDCS/BTS/DD/0029 V 01.03.EN Author: I. Coupe/Carnot

[R64] Technical specification for the 1800 MHz standard BTS Receive CouplingSystem (Extension unit)DCS/BTS/DD/0026 V 01.02.EN Author: E. Soccol

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 7

[R65] Technical specification for a 1.8 GHz Receive Coupling System (main unitRXC-M) for the mini BTS outdoorDCS/BTS/DD/0006 V 01.02.EN Author: I. Carnot

[R66] Technical specification for the 1.8 GHz standard BTS Receive CouplingSystem (main unit)DCS/BTS/DD/0362 V 01.05.EN Author: F. Lavigne

[R67] Technical specification for a 1900 MHz Transmit Coupling System - HybridversionPE/BTS/DD/0382 V 01.01.EN Author: P. Savornin/ Y. Renard

[R68] Technical specification for the 1.9 GHz mini BTS Transmit Coupling System(Hybrid and diplexer version)PCS/BTS/DD/0029 V 01.01.EN Author: Ch. Rochebloine

[R69] Technical specification for the 1.9 GHz standard BTS Transmit CouplingSystem (60 MHz Hybrid and diplexer version)PCS/BTS/DD/0010 V 01.02.EN Author: F. Lavigne

[R70] Technical specification for a PCS 1900 receive amplifier-splitterPCS/BTS/DD/0006 V 01.01.EN Author: E. Georgeaux

[R71] Technical specification for the 1.9 GHz standard BTS Receive CouplingSystemPCS/BTS/DD/0005 V 01.02.EN Author: F. Lavigne

[R72] Technical specification for a 1.9 GHz Receive Coupling System (main unit) forthe mini BTS outdoorPCS/BTS/DD/0002 V 01.01.EN Author: Y. Renard/ I. Carnot

[R73] PCS 1900: technical specification for the duplexer of the mini BTS outdoorPCS/BTS/DD/0003 V 01.01.EN Author: Y. Renard/ I. Carnot

[R74] In-building Link Budget ParametersWE.INT-BLDG.002 release 2.0 Author: R. Framjee

For external coupling, the reference documents are the followings:

[R75] 900 MHz / 1800 MHz Filter, Combiners, Amplifiers for Mobile Communications(KATHREIN)

[R76] 790 - 960 MHz Base Station Antennas for Mobile Communications(KATHREIN)

[R77] 1710 - 1990 MHz Base Station Antennas for Mobile Communications(KATHREIN)

[R78] GSM/ AMPS/ E-TACS Antennas & Accessories (CELWAVE)

[R79] 800 - 1000 MHz Antennas & Accessories (CELWAVE)

[R80] DCS 1800/PCS 1900/DCET Antennas & Accessories (CELWAVE)

[R81] Product Data Sheet JS6W 1700 MHz - 2000MHz ARGUS Technologies

[R82] Example of GSM Materials (SOFRER)

[R83] LGCell Installation and Reference Guide (LGC WIRELESS)

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ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS

Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission

COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 9

3 ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS

3.1 ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS

2G: 2nd Generation

Ant: Antenna

AUX: Auxiliary

AMPS: Advance mobile Phone System

BCF: Base Common Functions (in BTS)

BSD: CELWAVE reference

BTS: Base Transceiver Station

CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access

DL: DownLink

DRX: Driver + Receiver + frame processor

EH: Expansion Hub

ERP: Effective Radiated Power

FD: CELWAVE reference

FMH: Fiber Main Hub

GSM: Global System for Mobile communication

HPRF: High Power RF

K: KATHREIN reference

LGC: Manufacturer of optical fiber equipment

LNA: Low Noise Amplifier

LO: Oscillator Local

LPRF: Low Power RF

MMF: MultiMode Fiber

N: Type of connector

N/A: Not Applicable

PA: Power Amplifier

PIMD: Product InterMoDulation level

RAU: Remote Antenna Unit

RF: Radio Frequency

RTLU: Radio Test Loop Unit

RX: Receiver

SF: Single Feeder

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ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS

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SMA: Type of connector

SO: SOFRER reference

STP: Shielded Twisted Pair

TCD: Turns Counting Dial

TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access

TRX: BTS Transceiver entity

TS: Time Slot

TX: Transmitter

UL: UpLink

UTP: Un-shielded Twisted Pair

UVGA: Universal Variable Gain Amplifier

VSWR: Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (in French TOS: Taux d’OndeStationnaire)

W/: With

W/O: Without

Y: CELWAVE reference

3.2 DEFINITIONS

dBm: This unity expresses a power compared with 1 mW.

dBc: This unity expresses a power compared to the level of power of the carrier.

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THEORY OF COUPLING

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 11

4 THEORY OF COUPLING

In this chapter, a remind will be made on the principle of coupling and the basicdevices used in coupling.

4.1 UTILITY OF COUPLING

The aim of coupling system is to combine two or more signals into one orinversely. Combination of several signals into one is used for transmission andallows the used of only one transmitting antenna or a distributed antenna system.Inversely distribution of one received signal to several devices allows the use ofonly one reception antenna or a distributed antenna system.

Coupling systems are the most opportune way of connecting some transmittingand/or receiving devices to antennas in the considered case. Coupling systemsallow the best trade-off between the number of aerials and the number of devices.

The coupling equipment can be divided into three parts:

n transmission equipment (refer to “§ 4.3”)

n reception equipment (refer to “§ 4.4”)

n duplexer equipment (refer to “§ 4.5”)

The usual devices used in coupling systems are described in section “§ 4.2”.

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THEORY OF COUPLING

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4.2 USUAL DEVICES USED IN COUPLING SYSTEM

The devices included in the equipment described in sections “§ 4.3”to “§ 4.5” arelisted in this section.

4.2.1 Load

A load is used in order to dissipate the unused or unwanted signals. See “Figure4-1”.

Figure 4-1 LOAD SCHEMATICS

4.2.2 Attenuator

Attenuator is used when an adaptation between two devices has to be made.

Note: It can be used in a high (emitting path) or low power path (receivingpath).

4.2.3 Filters

In coupling systems, two kinds of filters are used:

• large band filter

• narrow band filter also called cavity filter

4.2.3.1 Large band filter

This filter is named "large band" because it allows the use of all the channelincluded in the bandwidth. Different kinds of technology are used:

Load

50 Ω

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• discreet element (RLC filter). The good working of the filter is limited bythe component. The quality factor (Q) is not high (max 100) and isfrequency dependent.

• ceramics filter (principle of resonance). The quality factor Q is higher.

• printed circuit (semi-located technology). The factor Q is between thediscreet element one and the ceramics filter one.

• large band cavity filter. The signal goes through several cavities. Thenumber of cavities depends on the needed frequency bandwidth and thequality of the filter. See “Figure 4-2”.

Figure 4-2 CAVITY FILTER INSIDE AN H2D

TXin

Ant.port

RXport

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Remark: The tuning of each cavity is made by manual adjustment or viaa step by step system of rod. See “Figure 4-3”.

Figure 4-3 CAVITIES AND TUNING ROD OF AN H2D

In opposite, a signal going through a cavity combiner crosses only onecavity.

All the technologies named above are used by Nortel depending on thespecifications of the device.

The large band filter can have two sorts of use:

• First of all it can be simply used on the transmission or reception path. It isadjusted to the transmission or reception bandwidth and it eliminates thespurious frequencies.

• Secondly it can be included in a duplexer (on the reception and transmissionpaths).

Tuningrod

Cavity

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4.2.3.2 Narrow band filter or Cavity filter

The filter is composed by only one cavity, the dielectric can be air or ceramics(with a ceramics dielectric the volume is smaller). The cavity combiner is basedon a parallel connection of cavities which each is tuned on a specific frequency(the resonance frequency). The tuning can be made manually or motor-driven.

In fact the inductor and the capacity are equivalent to volumes of wave guides.The device contains some materials which are sensitive to the temperature.

In general terms the implementation of cavity filter generates an important cost.However some companies get a cavity politics. Depending on the design of thenetwork, cavities can be more attractive than Duplexer.

4.2.4 VSWR Meter

The aim of VSWR-meter is to monitor the antenna port VSWR value of the RFCombiner module and then to supervise the connection between the BTS and theantenna.

The VSWR meter receives from the PA two signals proportional to the forwardand the reverse power levels on the antenna connector. See “Figure 4-4”.

Figure 4-4 DESCRIPTION OF THE VSWR METER

The VSWR meter measures the matching of the connector. The emitted signalgoes through VSWR port 2 and the reflected signal goes through VSWR port 1. Ifthe matching is well done, no reflected signal appears and the VSWR value is1:1. Different reasons can be considered to explain a bad matching:

- the connector is not screwed up enough

Reception Device

VSWR port 1

VSWR port 2

Generator

RF emitted RF emitted

RF reflectedRF reflected

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- the cable is cut or squashed

- there is water inside the connector

- etc.

The definition of VSWR is: .

4.2.5 Circulator

It is a relatively important device into the coupling system. In a general view, thecirculator can be seen as a directional combiner. See “Figure 4-5”.

Figure 4-5 CIRCULATOR SCHEMATICS

With a load at port 3, it becomes an isolator. See “Figure 4-6”.

Figure 4-6 ISOLATOR SCHEMATIC

VSWR PemittedPreflected------------------------=

1 2

3

RF in RF out

21

3

RF out

RF in

1 2

3

LOAD

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The signal coming from input 1 can only go through 2. If there is a reflectedsignal or another spurious coming from 2, it can only go through 3. The 50 Ω loadbeing perfect, any signal can go to 1.

4.2.6 Hybrid Combiner

It is a basic device of a more complex hybrid combiner (H2D, H4D or usedalone). See “Figure 4-7”. A more accurate description is given in “§ 5”.

Figure 4-7 HYBRID COMBINER

The resulting signals are:

n Output 1 = 1/2 Input 1 + 1/2 Input 2 = Output 2

n Output 2 = 1/2 Input 1 + 1/2 Input 2

Note: If the hybrid combiner used is symmetrical, inputs and outputs can bereversed. The resulting signals are then:

n A = 1/2 C + 1/2 D = B

n B = 1/2 C + 1/2 D

Note: It is a large band device (>10% of the used frequency) and several typesexist for several frequencies.

“Figure 4-8” describes an hybrid combiner of an H2D. In this example, the hybridcombiner is completely symmetrical.

input 1 input 2

output 1 output 2

A B

C D

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Figure 4-8 HYBRID COMBINER IN AN H2D

4.2.7 Splitter

This equipment is included in RX-Splitter and LNA-Splitter. Its aim is to split theinput signal into several equivalent signals.

For a 4 ways splitter (See “Figure 4-9”) the path loss of each well-balance outputis 6 dB and for a 2 ways the path loss is 3 dB in the same conditions.

A load is connected to the unused port to have a well-balance device.

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Figure 4-9 EXAMPLE: 4 WAYS SPLITTER SCHEMATIC

4.2.8 Amplifier

Most often amplifier is used as a low level amplifier (in opposite to a PA) in thereception path. When the received signal arrives at the antenna its level is low. Anamplifier is necessary to increase the level of the signal. Two main characteristicsare attached to amplifier: nominal gain and noise figure (defined in “§ 5”). See“Figure 4-10”.

Figure 4-10 AMPLIFIER SCHEMATIC

4 ways splitter

LNA

RF in RF out

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4.3 TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT

There are various transmission equipment involved in transmission path. All ofthem have the same aim: combine two or more signals onto a single cable orinversely split one signal into several ones (multi-antennas systems). Accordingto the technology used the path loss is very different and depends on the numberof signals combined. IT MUST BE EQUIVALENT FOR ALL THETRANSMITTED SIGNALS EXCEPT FOR SPECIALCONFIGURATIONS AS HETEROGENEOUS COUPLING.

Furthermore, there must be an isolation between all the inputs and all theconnections must be adapted with the right impedance.

Figure 4-11 COUPLING SYSTEM IN THE BTS

4.3.1 2 Channel Hybrid Combiner Equipment

The hybrid combiner puts two signals onto the same cable. The realization of thistype of combiner imposes to have two outputs which are symmetrical, each onetaking half of the two signals. As only one output signal is needed there is a loadon one of the outputs in order to adapt it. The power dissipated by the load isequivalent to the power at the other output port. This is a passive equipment. See“Figure 4-12”.

DRXDRXDRX DRX DRX

Coupling system

BTS

PAPAPAPAPA

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Figure 4-12 2 CHANNEL HYBRID COMBINER

For each output the resulting signal follows the rule:

Output X = 1/2 Input 1 + 1/2 Input 2

Note: X = 1, 2

The theoretical value of the loss is 3 dB. In fact it is 3.5 dB. It is designed for aspecific band (GSM 900, GSM 1800 or GSM 1900) and can be used for thewhole band.

Note: The load dissipates the same power than the power at output 1.

Viewpoint of practice some devices have to be added to allow the correct workingof the device. One isolator is located at each input port, signals are going throughthem. They are implemented in order to achieve the necessary isolation betweenthe transmitters (intermodulation product rejection) and to protect poweramplifiers from any returning signal from the different hybrid combiners or fromthe reception path.

Input 1 Input 2

Output 1 Output 2

Load

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Figure 4-13 2 CHANNEL HYBRID COMBINER

4.3.2 4 Channel Hybrid Combiner Equipment

It combines four signals into one. This type of combiner uses the same technologyas above. It is an association of three 2 channels Hybrid Combiners (it is a 2levels system). See “Figure 4-14”. This is a passive equipment. The more thenumber of 2 channels ways hybrid combiners are superposed, the more the lossincreases.

LoadHybrid

Combiner

Isolator

Duplexerinput

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Figure 4-14 4 CHANNEL HYBRID COMBINER

For each output the resulting signal follows the rule:

Output 1 = 1/4 Input 1 + 1/4 Input 2 + 1/4 Input 3 + 1/4 Input 4

The theoretical value of the loss is 6 dB. In fact it is 7 dB: the reasons are:

• the loss due to the cables

• the connectors insert some loss.

It is designed for a specific band (GSM 900, GSM 1800 or GSM 1900) and canbe used for the whole band.

Remark: if the number of inputs is 2n the losses are n*3dB.

See “Figure 4-15”. The 4 channels hybrid combiner is composed of:

• two iso-hybrids (first stage)

• one hybrid (second stage)

Output 1

Load

Input 3 Input 4

Load

Input 1Input 2

Load

Output b Output c

Input a Input b

Output 2

Output dOutput a

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Figure 4-15 4 CHANNEL HYBRID COMBINER

Note: As the 2 way hybrid combiner, the 4 way hybrid combiner can divide asignal into four.

4.3.3 Cavity Combiner Equipment

It is the association of several filters (based on cavity technology) which areselective enough to allow one transmission channel to go through. This allows tohave a signal isolation between two inputs. This cavity can be remotely tunable ornot. It is designed for a specific band (GSM 900, GSM 1800 or GSM 1900) andwhen used must be finely tuned on a specific channel. See “Figure 4-16”.

Load

Load

Load

Load Load

LoadLoad Input 1

Input 4Input 3

Input 2

Output 1

Second stage

First stage

Output 2

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Figure 4-16 ISOLATION BETWEEN 2 FREQUENCIES

See “Figure 4-17”.

Isolationbetween 2frequencies

Attenuationof one

frequency

Freq.

(Hz)

Attenuation

(dB)

bandwidth

600 kHz

-3 dB

f1 f2

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Figure 4-17 CAVITY COMBINER THEORY

The practical path loss of this equipment is 4.5 dB and it is independent on thenumber of inputs. There is a constraint on the choice of the frequency, there mustbe a "space" of 600 KHz between two frequencies and the bandwidth is 200kHz.

The cavity combiner is composed of narrow band filters. Due to the conception,only the frequency hopping inter cavities is possible.

If the power reflected is too important, it is directed to the "Drive and Control"equipment via the isolator. The D&C equipment can then tune the cavity filter.See “Figure 4-18”.

TX n

TX 1

TX 2

TX out

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Figure 4-18 CAVITY COMBINER

The cavity has to be remotely tuned several times. Actually the tuning can varyfor the following reasons:

• switch on of the BTS

• modification of the frequency plan

• defense of the BTS (if a TX is down for example)

DRIVE & CONTROL

TX 5 in

TX 6 in

TX 7 in

TX 8 in

TX 1 in

TX 2 in

TX 3 in

TX 4 in

TX out

forward reversereverseforward

Tunable cavities Isolators

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• variation of temperature: some components are sensitive to a temperaturevariation (reason for which a gradient of temperature is defined in thetechnical specification).

See “Figure 4-19”.

Figure 4-19 TUNING CURVE OF A CAVITY FILTER

The tuning is made by iteration. During the first tuning attempt, the resonancefrequency is not found. The frequency found is f1+∆ (see curve n°1). Afterseveral attempts, the resonance frequency is found and the cavity is operational(see curve n°2).

4.3.4 Filter in transmission path

This device prevents all spurious to go out of the BTS and allows to transmit allthe GSM band.

This equipment is a large band filter (refer to “§ 4.2.3.1”). It can be used alone ina RF combiner (named S8000 TX filter module) or included in a duplexermodule. It is placed between the PA and the antenna port. See “Figure 4-20”.

Figure 4-20 TX FILTER

Insertion loss

dB

Freq.

Curve n°1

Curve n°2

f1 f1+∆

TX filter

from the

PA

to the

antenna

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The TX filter module is used alone depending on the needed configuration. Oneof its characteristics is that it has the same loss than a duplexer: 1 dB. It is usedonly within the S8000 BTS. The TX filter module can contain an optional VSWRmeter. The aim of the VSWR meter is explained in “§ 4.2.4”.

“Figure 4-21” describes a S8000 TX filter module including a VSWR meter.

Concerning its use inside a duplexer the technical characteristics are developed in“§ 5.6”.

Figure 4-21 S8000 TX FILTER MODULE

VSWR METER

(optional)

Filter

From PATo antenna

Alarms

Forward Reverse

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4.4 RECEPTION EQUIPMENT

The aim of this equipment is to send the same received signal to all the receiversof the cell. Equipment have to manage the power level of the signal and the noisefigure of the path.

There are two main devices in the reception path:

• LNA-Splitter

• RX-Splitter

Note: The signal can have passed through a duplexer first.

4.4.1 LNA-Splitter

The LNA-Splitter is the first element in the reception path. It divides theincoming signal into several equivalent signals and it determines almost all theperformances of the path. The gain of the LNA must then be optimized in order toachieve a compromise between the gain and the noise figure.

Two kinds of LNA -Splitter can be found:

• LNA-Splitter with 2 outputs (S2000 BTS)

• LNA-Splitter with 4 outputs (S8000 BTS)

“Figure 4-22” describes a LNA-Splitter with four outputs.

Figure 4-22 LNA-SPLITTER

Received signal LNA

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4.4.2 RX-Splitter

The basic function of the RX-Splitter consists in splitting an input signal intoseveral signals and then in amplifying individually each of the several signals.See “Figure 4-23”.

Figure 4-23 RX-SPLITTER

Each outgoing signal is equivalent to the incoming signal. Most often theRX-Splitter is used with the S8000 BTS family. Currently a LNA is associated tothe RX-Splitter module. With this equipment, the number of devices connected tothe splitter can vary from one up to four.

4.4.2.1 RX-Splitter with LNA

Figure 4-24 RX-SPLITTER BLOCK DIAGRAM

This module includes (see “Figure 4-24”):

RF in

RF output 1

RF output 2

RF output 3

RF output N

RX-Splitter

RF inIsolator

50 Ω

4 ways splitter regulator

LNAvariableattenuator

T bias

DC in

RF out

(from DRX)

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• one isolator

• one four way coupling device, consisting of a single power splitter device.

• and at each output of this coupling system, one LNA followed by a resistiveattenuator which allows to adjust the gain level on the concerned output.

Note: Each of the four outgoing ways are physically identical.

Each LNA is remotely supplied and controlled by the DRX it drives. By this waysome connectors or cables are saved as well as space into the module.

The behavior of the 4 way splitter device will depend on the number of DRXplugged to the RX-Splitter. This affects particularly the input return loss seen onthe RX-Splitter input. That is why an isolator is used to improve thischaracteristic by driving the 4 ways reflected RF signal to a 50 Ω load.

4.4.3 RX Filter

This device is also a large band filter (refer to “§ 4.2.3.1”). It is designed to workon a particular bandwidth like the TX filter. It can be used alone (S2000H/L BTS)or included in a duplexer (these two parts are developed in “§ 5”).

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4.5 DUPLEXER

The aim of duplexer is to have the transmission signal and the reception signal onthe same antenna. See “Figure 4-25”.

Figure 4-25 DUPLEXER COMBINER

It is the association of two filters: one for the transmission band and one for thereception band. It is a two-ways system and is used to combine transmission andreception. Each filter must be designed for a specific band (R-GSM, E-GSM,GSM 900, GSM 1800 or GSM 1900) and it can then be used for the whole band.

The filter dedicated to the reception path is more efficient than the transmissionone. The characteristics of the receive band filter are more accurate than the onesof the transmit band filter (for example a duplexer with a TX filter with 5 cavitiesand the RX filter with 9 or 12 cavities). See “Figure 4-26”.

TX band

filter

RX band

filter

Duplexshift

DUPLEXER

-1 dB

-1 dB

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Figure 4-26 ATTENUATION VS FILTER (RX OR TX)

The path loss is 1 dB for transmission and 1 dB for reception. The frequencydifference between the frequency of a channel in the transmit band and the samechannel on the receive band is named "duplex shift". The different values aregiven in “Table 4-1”.

Table 4-1 DUPLEX SHIFT VS GSM BANDS

GSM Bands(MHz)

Duplex Shift(dB)

P-GSM 900 45

E-GSM 900 45

R-GSM 900 45

GSM 1800 95

GSM 1900 80

freq.

(Hz)

Attenuation(dB)

RX

TX

Attenuation 1dB

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5 DEFINITIONS OF TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR IMPACT

5.1 AIM OF THE CHAPTER

This chapter lists and explains all the technical terms used in any technicalspecification. It is divided in six parts, each one dedicated to a specificequipment:

n transmission equipment

n reception equipment

n duplexer

n DLNA

n HPRF

n optical fibers equipment, multi-antenna system and indoor coverage

Simultaneously the consequences of some wrong values will be explained(example: the consequences of a bad VSWR value). Some typical values willalso be given.

Several definitions are used to define the same notion. For example, you couldfind:

n Maximum Intermodulation level (dBm)

n input 3rd order intercept point, minimum (dBm)

n input IMP3 (dBm)

These three definitions describe the same phenomenon and will be explainedfurther.

We will try, in this document, to standardize the notation.

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5.2 COMMON TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS

This first section collects all the redundant terms in the technical specifications.

n Operating frequency range (i.e. transmit or receive bandwidth) (MHz):This value gives information about the kind of concerned GSM system.

Example: 935 to 960 MHz for the transmit range for GSM 900. The othersvalues are given in “Table 5-1”:

Table 5-1 FREQUENCY BANDS

n Nominal impedance (ΩΩ): The system is compared to a box with an input andan output, we can liken the system to an impedance.

Typical value: 50 Ω.

n Temperature range (operational) (°C): It is the band of temperature withinwhich the equipment can be used.

Typical range: +0°C and +70°C.

n Temperature gradient (°C per hour): It corresponds to the maximum oftemperature variation supported by the equipment in one hour.

Frequency bands

GSM 900 E-GSM R-GSM GSM 1800 GSM 1900

Uplink 890-915 880-915 876-915 1710-1785 1850-1910

Downlink 935-960 925-960 921-960 1805-1880 1930-1990

Channel Number 1-124 0-124 & 975-1023 0-124 & 955-1023 512-885 512-810

Number of channels 124 125+49 = 174 125+69 = 194 374 299

Duplex shift* 45 MHz 45 MHz 45 MHz 95 MHz 80 MHz

* Duplex shift = Freq. Downlink - Freq. Uplink

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Typical value: 30°C per hour.

n Relative humidity range (without condensation) (%): This characteristicinsures the good working of the device in an environment where humidity ispresent.

Typical range: 0% to 95%.

Equivalent to “Worst case relative humidity”. In this case only the maximumvalue supported is indicated.

n Atmospheric pressure (kPa): This term appears in some specifications. Ittranscribes the variation of pressure that the device can support.

Typical range: 70 to 106 kPa.

nn IP Code: It is a coding system to indicate the degree of protection provided byan enclosure against hazardous parts, ingress of solid foreign objects, ingressof water and to give additional information concerning connection with suchprotection. It is applicable for all combiners.

The structure of the IP Code is the following:

IP A B C D (for example IP 23 CH)

A: First numeral characteristic, corresponding to the level of protection againstingress of solid foreign objects for the equipment and for the persons. See“Table 5-2”.

B: Second numeral characteristic, corresponding to the level of protectionagainst ingress of water with harmful effects for the equipment. See “Table5-3”.

C: Additional letter (optional) (refer to [R3])

D: Supplementary letter (optional) (refer to [R3])

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Table 5-2 FIRST NUMERAL CHARACTERISTIC

Table 5-3 SECOND NUMERAL CHARACTERISTIC

Typical values:

- IP 55 (for Nortel indoor device)

- IP 57 (for Nortel outdoor device)

n Dimensions (mm): It describes the width, the height and the depth of thedevice. The unity used is the metric unity (millimeter).

IP Meaning for the

protection of equipmentMeaning for the protection of

persons

0 non protected non protected

1 back of hand

2 finger

3 tool

4 wire

5 dust-protected wire

6 dust-tight wire

IPMeaning for the

protection of equipment

0 non protected

1 vertically dripping

2 dripping (15° tilted)

3 spraying

4 splashing

5 jetting

6 powerful jetting

7 temporary immersion

8 continuous immersion

"" 50 mm diameter≥

"" 12,5 mm diameter≥

"" 2 5 mm diameter,≥

"" 1,0 mm diameter≥

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n Weight (Kg): This is the weight of the device. The unity used is the Kilogram.

n Voltage (nominal) (V): It describes the range or the value of voltage whichhave to be applied to the device.

Note: In the following list of equipment, some devices are not power supplied.They are considered as “passive device”.

Typical value:

- For the RX-Splitter: 9.5V to 15V

- For the VSWR-Meter (in TX filter) and for some LNA-Splitter (S8000):+15V DC and/or -15V DC ± 5% (some amplifiers are supplied with oneor the other or both values)

Equivalent to “power supply voltage” or “Supply Power”.

n Maximum ripple (mV): It corresponds to the fluctuation of the powersupported by the equipment. See “Figure 5-1”.

Figure 5-1 DESCRIPTION OF RIPPLE

The typical value can be for the LNA-Splitter (S8000): 150 mV.

n Maximum supply current (mA): It describes the range or the value of currentwhich have to be applied to the device.

Typical value: 370 mA and/or 50 mA for the VSWR-Meter (in TX filter) andsome LNA-Splitter (S8000 BTS), it depends on the value of power supply(+15 V or -15V).

Equivalent to “Steady state maximum consumption”.

time (s)

voltage (V)

Theoretical supply

Actual supply

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5.3 CONNECTORS

This section is dedicated to the different kinds of connectors used. They will belisted and some words about their use will be given (in which case use them,drawings, etc.).

Three kinds of connectors are used in RF:

• SMA connector

• N connector

• 7-16 connector (ATTENTION the unity is the millimeter and not theinch)

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5.3.1 SMA Connector

This connector is used in reception and transmission with a low power level(35 dBm maximum). Another condition to its use is that intermodulation mustnot appear. See “Figure 5-2”.

Figure 5-2 EXAMPLES OF SMA CONNECTORS

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5.3.2 N Connector

This equipment is used in reception and transmission. A constraint ofintermodulation is imposed: intermodulation level = -110 dBm with two carriersat +33 dBm. See “Figure 5-3”.

Figure 5-3 EXAMPLES OF N CONNECTORS

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5.3.3 7-16 Connector

This equipment is used in reception and transmission. A constraint ofintermodulation is imposed: intermodulation level = -110 dBm with two carriersat +45 dBm. See “Figure 5-4”.

Figure 5-4 EXAMPLES OF 7-16 CONNECTORS

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5.4 TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT

All this part is dedicated to the devices which are used in the transmission path.The division of the section is the following:

• Firstly the technical terms common to all the transmission device areexplained.

• Secondly each of the following sections is dedicated to the termsconcerning one specific transmission device.

5.4.1 Common Technical Definitions

In this section, the terms common to the hybrid combiner, the TX filter, and thecavity combiner are listed and explained.

n Maximum input power (W): This value corresponds to the maximum powervalue that the input of the device can support.

Typical value: 50 W for the TX filter (S8000 BTS).

A higher input power can damage the internal devices.

n Return loss (dB): This value describes the matching of the port. In thetechnical specification it is defined as: “the point where it is the worst, for thetransmit or received frequency band”. This value is related to the impedance. Ifa wrong value is defined the consequence is that the matching is not correctand the calculation for the link-budget is distorted. See “Figure 5-5”.

Figure 5-5 PRINCIPLE OF RETURN LOSS

emitted wave

reflected wave

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The value has to be as high as possible in order to optimize the powertransmission: the higher is the value (20 or 30 dB) the nearer is the systemfrom 50 Ω. This definition can be applied to the output and input ports.

Below are the typical values for the hybrid combiner:

• Input return loss, minimum (dB): It concerns the input ports.

Typical value: 22 dB (S8000 and S2000L BTS)

Equivalent to “TX input return loss”.

• Output return loss (dB): It concerns the antenna port.

Typical value: 18 dB (S8000 BTS/GSM 900/1900), 20 dB (S8000 BTS/GSM 1800).

Equivalent to: “antenna port return loss”. In other way you could find“Maximum acceptable antenna VSWR”: when its value is infinity itmeans that if the output of the device is connected to nothing, the devicewill function correctly.

These terms express the same idea but the unity is different: it is expressedlike a ratio. The relation between the two unities is given above.

n In-band ripple (dB): Each device is working on a particular band offrequencies. The bandwidth is defined like describe in “Figure 5-6”.

Figure 5-6 BANDWIDTH DEFINITION

The In-band ripple can be compared to the ripple concerning the gain or theloss. In the bandwidth the amplitude of the signal is not constant and the rippleis calculated from the amplitude’s average. See “Figure 5-7”.

VSWR Power EmittedPower Reflected---------------------------------------= Return Loss (dB) 20 VSWR - 1

VSWR + 1--------------------------log×–=

Amplitude

X dB

frequency

BANDWIDTH

Attenuation

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Figure 5-7 IN-BAND RIPPLE

Typical value: 0.8 dB for the LNA-Splitter (S8000 BTS)

Equivalent terms: “Passband ripple” and “maximum amplitude balance”.

n Maximum insertion loss (TX input to antenna port) (dB): It describes thelowest gain of the device or the level of the output signal. In the technicalspecification it is defined as “the point where it is maximum (the worst point)in the Passband variation for the transmit frequency band”. See “Figure 5-8”.

Figure 5-8 MAXIMUM INSERTION LOSS

Typical value: 3.6 dB (S8000 BTS) and 0.25 dB (+3 dB for the theoretical lossS2000L BTS) for the hybrid combiner.

BANDWIDTH

In-band Ripple

Average

Attenuation(dB)

freq.(Hz)

BANDWIDTH

max. loss

AmplitudeAverage

freq.

(Hz)Attenuation(dB)

freq. (Hz)

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n Max. intermodulation level in TX/RX band (dBm/dBc): It is the faculty ofthe device to withstand two high level power signals without creating spurious.See “Figure 5-9”.

Figure 5-9 INTERMODULATION LEVEL OR PRODUCT

To determine the intermodulation level or product, two signals at the same levelof power (one at the frequency f1 and the other at frequency f2) are injected at theinput ports. Then the appearance of the combination of the harmonic n°2 of thesignal at the frequency f1 and the fundamental of the signal at the frequency f2are studied.

No unwanted signal should appear in the GSM band. If it appears, its maximumpower level which does not disturb the transmission or reception must bedetermined.

The intermodulation value traduces the wrong isolation between severaltransmitters or receivers. If the value is not corresponding to therecommendations (GSM or Nortel), it has to be adjusted. Several ways allow toadapt the value:

• change the frequency plan

• move the antennas in order to have the necessary decoupling between them

• add a filter or isolators in order to increase the antennas decoupling

The “3rd order intercept point” describes in “Figure 5-10” can be considered asa consequence of the intermodulation. The unity is dBm.

Pout

Fin f1 f22*f1-f2 2*f2-f1

Ps Ps

3rd order3rd order

Max. intermod.level

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The “Minimum input compression point (dBm/dBc)” (see “Figure 5-10”)traduces the beginning of the non-linearity of the internal equipment of thedevice. Generally it is determined when the actual gain of the system is 1 dBlower than the theoretical gain.

Figure 5-10 THIRD ORDER INTERCEPT POINT

Typical value: -75 dBc (S8000/S2000L BTS) for the hybrid combiner.

Equivalent to “3rd order intercept point”. The notion of “Minimum inputcompression point” is attached at this previous one.

Pout (dBm)

Pin (dBm)

3rd Order Intercept Point

Slope 1 Pout (f1, f2)

Slope 3 PIMD (2*f1-f2, 2*f2-f1)

Intercept Point

Min input compression point

1 dB

value

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5.4.2 Hybrid Combiner (passive device)

5.4.2.1 Utility

The aim of the Hybrid Combiner is to combine two separate signals generated bytwo different transmitters onto one single coaxial line. For the S8000 BTS, someisolators are positioned behind the ports.

5.4.2.2 General Description

An hybrid combiner has some typical characteristics. The first one is that the twooutput signals can be dephased of 90° or 180°, it is a consequence of thetechnology used in the device. The different values met in the technicalspecifications are issued from the recommendation [R1].

5.4.2.3 RF Characteristics

In this section the particular terms attached to the hybrid combiner are defined.

Isolation between TX ports (dB): This value indicates the RF power attenuationbetween two ports of the same device in order to avoid impact on the RF system.The different values of isolation depend on the PA characteristics (power at thePA output, etc.), the design of the device and the frequency.

One of the goals is to avoid reverse intermodulation (intermodulation on the PAoutput). A solution is to add isolators or attenuators at the hybrid inputs. Otherways to avoid intermodulation are listed in “§ 5.4.1”.

Adding isolators or attenuators has another consequence: it modifies the VSWRvalue.

Typical values: 45 dB (S8000 BTS) and 22 dB (S2000L Single Feeder BTS). Ifthe value were infinity, it would mean that the inputs have no influence on eachother.

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5.4.3 TX Filter S8000 (passive device, only supplied with VSWR meter)

5.4.3.1 Utility

The TX filter is used to protect the Power Amplifier (PA) from the signalsoutcoming from the BTS, to provide the protection of the RX chain and to protectthe neighbor devices from any spurious generated by the BTS. It avoids totransmit some spurious too.

An aim of the TX filter is to insert the same attenuation and loss as the duplexeron the receive path in order to avoid an unbalanced link-budget (for the transmitpoint of view).

The TX filter is composed of a filter and a directional coupling system. Thecoupling system is dedicated to the VSWR meter included in the TX filterhousing.

5.4.3.2 RF Characteristics

n TX unit requirement:

Minimum rejection, TX input to antenna port (dB): It describes the differentattenuations between the TX port and the antenna port. The result is dividedinto several bandwidth centers on the bandwidth.

For the external coupling, in the technical documentation, some curves areadded in order to describe the phenomenon (for example: KATHREIN).

Example of passband: 1785 to 1894 MHz for the GSM 1800

n Requirements for the coupled parts:

Those requirements are given because there is a directional coupling systemincluded in the module. The values are valid for the three GSM bandwidth.

• Characteristics of the directive coupler:

- Coupling (dB): It gives the value of the loss due to the device in the path.

Typical value: 40 dB 1 dB

- Forward Directivity (dB): It gives the value of the loss in the forwarddirection.

Typical value: 30 dB minimum

±

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- Forward Isolation (dB): It gives the value of the loss between theforward path of the VSWR meter and the isolated output port of thedevice.

Typical value: 69 dB minimum.

- Reverse Directivity (dB): It gives the value of the loss in the reversedirection.

Typical value: 15 dB minimum (it is lower than the forward directivityvalue because the reverse signal is less powerful than the forward one).

- Reverse Isolation (dB): It gives the value of the loss between the reversepath of the VSWR meter and the isolated output port of the device.

Typical value: 54 dB (The value is lower than the forward one for thereasons stated above).

• Coupling defined as:

- Between VSWR2 and Antenna Port (dB): It defines the value of thecoupling between these two ports.

Typical value: 40 dB 1 dB.

- Between VSWR1 and Antenna Port (dB): It defines the value of thecoupling between these two ports.

Typical value: 40 dB 1 dB.

n VSWR-Meter requirement: When the VSWR meter is used inside the TXfilter, the tolerances, on the different thresholds have to be extended. So, inthese conditions, the following requirements are applicable:

• for a return loss around 12 dB, the uncertainty shall be: 4 dB

• for a return loss around 9.5 dB, the uncertainty shall be: 3.5 dB

• for a return loss around 6 dB, the uncertainty shall be: 3 dB

±

±

±

±

±

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5.5 RECEPTION EQUIPMENT

All this part is dedicated to the devices which are used in the reception path. Thestructure of this part is the same than the previous one.

5.5.1 Common Technical Definitions

In this part all the technical terms referring to the device from the reception path:RX-Splitter, Receive filter and LNA-Splitter are explained. Some definitionshave already been given in “§ 5.4”. In this case a reference is made to theconcerned paragraph. However the typical value corresponding to the receptiondevice is given.

n Input return loss (dB): This definition is given in “§ 5.4.1”.

Typical values:

• For the RX-Splitter: 14 dB (S8000 BTS/E&R-GSM)

• For the LNA-Splitter: ≤1.5:1 (S2000H/L BTS)

n In-band ripple (dB): This definition is given in “§ 5.4.1”.

Typical values: 0.8 dB (S8000 BTS) and 1.2 dB (S2000P BTS/DLNA) for theLNA-Splitter

n Minimum output (RX- and AUX-) return loss (dB): This definition is givenin “§ 5.4.1” (Output return loss).

Typical value: VSWR ≤1.5:1 (S2000H/L BTS) for the LNA-Splitter

Equivalent to: “Local output return loss, minimum” and “Extension outputreturn loss, minimum”.

n Minimum RX-output to RX-output isolation (dB): This value defines thelevel of decoupling between the different ports. If the level is too low, a firstsignal on one port can has some effect on a second signal on the other port.

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For external coupling, it is defined as the attenuation between the differentports. Some circulators with a load (50 Ω) can be added in order to play therole of isolator.

Typical value: 20 dB (S8000 BTS/GSM 1800) for the RX-Splitter.

Equivalent to: “Local output to extension output isolation, minimum” and“Local output to local output, minimum”.

n Input third order intercept point, minimum (dB): The explanation is givenin “§ 5.4.1” (Third order intercept point).

Typical values: 15.5 dBm (GSM 900/S8000 BTS) for the RX-Splitter and5 dBm (GSM 900/S8000 BTS) for the LNA-Splitter

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5.5.2 RX-Splitter

5.5.2.1 Utility

The basic functions achieved by the RX-Splitter are to duplicate the receivedsignal into several identical signals (two in the case of S2000 BTS) and tocompensate for the losses it leads to by amplifying the signals. Therefore anidentified power level can be guaranteed at the entrance of the DRX.

5.5.2.2 Characteristics

RF Characteristics

RX-Splitter

n Test loop input coupling (dB): This means that the level measured at oneoutput when injecting a RF signal at the coupling port must be X dB lowerthan the signal level measured at the same output when injecting the RF signalat the input port.

n Minimum rejection, between the signal minimum level and the signal levelat the measure frequency (dB): This notion is the same that the oneexplained above in “§ 5.4.3”. The values of the limits are different but theprinciple stays the same.

Equivalent to “Minimum rejection TX input to antenna port” for thereceive path.

n Nominal gain at ambient (dB): It defines the value of the gain of the devicebetween the input port and the output port. If the value is not correctlymatched, some problems can appear:

- If the value is too high, the noise figure increases or the power level ofthe signal is too high too and can create some intermodulation.

- If the value is too low, the power level of the signal is insufficient inorder to be processed.

Typical values: 9.2 dB (GSM 900) or 8 dB (GSM 1800) for the S8000 BTS

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Equivalent to: “Nominal gain, input to output (RX output)” and “Nominalgain, input to output (AUX output)”.

n Gain tolerance (dB): It defines the variation of the gain tolerated by thedevice.This value allows to guarantee an overall gain for the device. The value of thegain is a theoretical value. In practice the value is quite different (due to themeasurement error, etc.). So the gain tolerance value allows to have a littledifference between the theoretical and practical gain value.

Typical value: 1 dB (GSM 900) for the S8000 BTS

n Noise figure, maximal (dB): The noise figure is an internal characteristic ofthe device. An amplifier has two main technical characteristics: the gain andthe noise figure. In a simple way the principle is the following (see “Figure5-11”):

Figure 5-11 NOISE FIGURE

The noise figure increases the level of the signal.It is important to control the noise figure evolution in the reception path. If thenoise figure value is too high, the reception devices cannot make the differencebetween the signal and the noise (spurious) and the incoming signal cannot beprocessed by the reception path.The maximum noise figure that can be supported can be determined thanks tothe link budget.

±

GainNoise Figure (NF)

A

NFth

freq.

- 178 dBm

NFth+signal (NFth+signal)*Gain + NF

level (dBm)

NFth=environmental noise

Amplifier

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Typical value: 11.5 dB for the GSM 900 S8000 BTS. The value depends on thespecific design of the device.

n Minimum input compression point (dBm): The definition is given “§ 5.4.1”.

Typical value: 7 dBm (GSM 900) and -1 dBm (GSM 1800) for the S8000BTS.

n Isolation on LO frequency from the DRX (dB): The DRX contains anoscillator tuned in frequency (on a bandwidth). Given each DRX is connectedto an output of the RX-Splitter each internal oscillator is tuned on a specificfrequency and they must not interfere with each other. For this reason aminimum value of isolation is imposed.Each GSM band is divided into several intervals. An isolation value is givenfor each interval.

Typical value: 30 dB for the RX-Splitter GSM 900 S8000 BTS.

n Isolation on LO harmonics frequencies from the DRX (dB): This technicalterm can be defined as the previous one but concerning the harmonics of thefrequency. If an harmonic frequency of a DRX is in the operational bandwidthof another DRX it can disturb its normal working.

Typical values: 25 dB for the 1499-1574 MHz bandwidth for the RX-SplitterGSM 1800 S8000 BTS.

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5.5.3 Receive Filter (For S2000H BTS)

5.5.3.1 Utility

The receive filter is used in case of reception diversity because the antennadedicated to the diversity only receives. Given no transmitter is needed thereceive filter is used alone. It is then cheaper to use only a receive filter than aduplexer.

5.5.3.2 Characteristics

RF Characteristics

RF Inputs

n Maximum in-band signal handling (for Ant port) (dB): This valuecorresponds to the variation of the input signal supported by the device.Equivalent to “In-band ripple”.

n Intermodulation product in the RX Band for the RX port (dBm): Theprinciple of intermodulation is explain above (“§ 5.4.1”).Equivalent to “Max intermodulation level in TX/RX band” but forreception.

Typical value: less than -120 dBm for the GSM 900 & GSM 1800.

Ant port to RX port

n Pass-band insertion loss (dB): This value corresponds to the maximuminsertion loss allows by the system to function. If this insertion loss isexceeded the power level is too low and is considered as out of pass-band. See“Figure 5-8”.

Typical value: 1 dB for GSM 900 & GSM 1800.

n Filter rejection (dB): It is equivalent to “minimum rejection” defined in thesection “§ 5.4.3.2”.

Typical range of passband: 870 to 930 MHz for the GSM 900.

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n Rejection degradation due to VSWR: This part indicates the value of theVSWR meter which does not create some degradation of the receive mask. Itis only defined for the GSM 900 & 1800.

The value is 1.45:1 (it is a maximum value).

Mechanical requirements

In this section, the terms concerning the mechanical parts are listed.

n Metal: It defines the material of the protection box.

n Fixing: It defines how the device is physically installed in the BTS.

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5.5.4 LNA-Splitter

5.5.4.1 Utility

The basic function of this module consists in achieving amplification of the weaksignal from the receive antenna and set up the noise figure of the overall system.It divides also the received signal into several outputs.

5.5.4.2 Characteristics

RF Characteristics

n Number of internal outputs: It describes the number of ports dedicated to theinternal devices.

Typical value: 2 (S8000 BTS)

n Number of extension outputs: It describes the number of ports dedicated tothe external devices.

Typical value: 2 (S8000 BTS)

n Nominal gain input to internal output (dB): The definition is given inparagraph “§ 5.5.2.2”. It concerns the devices inside the main cabinet.

Typical value: 30 dB (GSM 900) for the S2000L BTS.

n Nominal gain input to extension outputs (dB): The definition is given inparagraph “§ 5.5.2.2”. It concerns the devices inside an extension cabinet.

Typical value: 25.3 dB (GSM 1800) for the S8000 BTS.

n Gain tolerance (dB): The definition is given in paragraph “§ 5.5.2.2”.

Typical value: 2.5 dB (GSM 900) for the S2000L BTS.

n Noise figure (dB): The explanation of the term is given in “§ 5.5.2.2”.

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5.6 DUPLEXER (PASSIVE DEVICE)

5.6.1 Utility

The duplexer is an equipment enabling to put the transmission and the receptionsignals on the same port. The duplexer provides the filtering for the transmitsignal and for the received signal.

5.6.2 Characteristics

There is no new technical term. All the technical terms referring to the duplexerare developed in the section dedicated to the transmission equipment (refer to “§5.4”) and the section dedicated to the reception equipment (refer to “§ 5.5”).

The notion of “isolation between ports” is important for the duplexer. This valueallows to determine the level of noise figure rejection emitted by the transmitteron the reception bandwidth. See “Figure 5-12”.

Figure 5-12 PA OUTPUT SIGNAL

Freq.

(MHz)

Amplitude

(dB)

Transmitband

TXFilter

RXFilter

1

Receiveband

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The PA transmits some signals. Some of them are unwanted.If the unwanted signal is emitted at a frequency higher than the transmitfrequency band it does not disturb the reception path.If the unwanted signal is emitted at a frequency situated inside the receivefrequency band (see “Figure 5-12”, nb 1), the duplexer must filter it in order toavoid disturbance in the reception path (LNA saturation, etc.).

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5.7 DLNA

5.7.1 Utility

This device is the joining of two distinct elements:

- a Duplexer

- a LNA-Splitter

This device was used within the S4000 BTS and now is developed for the e-cellBTS.

5.7.2 Characteristics

All the technical terms have already been defined so refer to “§ 5.5.4” and “§5.6”.

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5.8 HPRF

5.8.1 Utility

The HPRF module (High Power RF) is an external module of the S2000H BTS. Itcontains a PA, one or two LNA-Splitter and a Duplexer, depending on the kind ofHPRF. The two kinds of HPRF modules are the following:

• single HPRF: one PA, one LNA and one Duplexer (one reception path). See“Figure 5-13”.

Figure 5-13 SINGLE HPRF

µP

PA

Power Amplifier

TX in

RX out

Ant

Duplexer

Single HPRF Module

LNA

Lightningprotectionboard

power supply

RF TX out

lightningprotectionboard

(DRX)

UVGA

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• dual HPRF: one PA, two LNA, one Duplexer and one received filter (tworeception paths: main and diversity). See “Figure 5-14”.

Figure 5-14 DUAL HPRF

The PA is placed in the HPRF and not in the base unit, to avoid the lossintroduced by the cable between the base unit and the HPRF.

The HPRF module can be installed remotely to the BTS itself, near the antenna.

5.8.2 Characteristics

All the technical terms referring to the device have already been defined in thespecific paragraph concerning each equipment. The PA is not a combiner device,therefore this document does not refer to that kind of device.

Refer to paragraphs “§ 5.5.4” and “§ 5.6”.

µP

PA

Power Amplifier

TX in

RX out

Ant

Duplexer

FilterLNA

Dual HPRF Module

LNA

Lightningprotectionboard

TX

RXM

RXD

power supply

lightning

protection board

RF TX out

(DRX)

UVGA

UVGA

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5.9 OPTICAL FIBER EQUIPMENT, MULTI-ANTENNA SYSTEMS AND INDOOR COVERAGE.

5.9.1 Utility

All the devices described in this section are used in some particularcircumstances. It can be the coverage of a tunnel in the case of the optical fiber, orthe use of several antennas and a power splitter with only one BTS.Those devices are used for specific coverages which are not possible oreconomically sustainable with a common implementation.

Therefore the kind of used devices can be some power splitters or leaky feeders.

5.9.2 Presentation and Definitions

5.9.2.1 Indoor coverage and Multi-antennas Systems

In this paragraph the different used devices will be presented.

In a multi-antennas system, several signals are shared by several antennas.Therefore some devices have to divide or combine the incoming or outcomingsignals. The different used devices are:

• antenna combiner or coupler

• power divider

• power tapper

Antenna Coupler

The antenna coupler allows to connect several antennas to one feeder. Eachantenna is connected directly to the coupler. The technology used for the antennacoupler is the “Wilkinson 3 dB” technology (for the hybrid combiner it is a“hybrid 3 dB 90°” technology). See “Figure 5-15”.

Figure 5-15 ANTENNA COUPLER

Antennacoupler

from the BTSAnt. nb 1

Ant. nb 2

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Power Divider

The power divider divides one signal into several ones with the same attenuation.Each outgoing signal is equivalent to the other outcoming signals and equivalentto the incoming signal too. It can also be used as an antenna coupler.

Power Tapper

The power tapper divides one signal into several ones but the attenuation of theoutput signal is different. Each outgoing signal is equivalent to the otheroutcoming signals and equivalent to the incoming signal too except concerningthe attenuation.

5.9.2.2 Optical Fiber Equipment

The optical fiber equipment is composed of three devices:

• fiber main hub (FMH)

• expansion hub (EH)

• remote antenna unit (RAU)

The technical data are given in “§ 6.5.2”.

Fiber Main Hub (FMH)

The goal of the FMH is to convert the RF signal into a light signal. Due to thetechnology of the optical fiber, the FMH converts the signal frequency too. ForGSM 900 uplink bandwidth (890-915 MHz) the resulting frequency bandwidth iscentered on 75.7 MHz and for the downlink bandwidth (935-960 MHz) theresulting frequency bandwidth is centered on 120 MHz. A FMH is installed nearthe BTS. The FMH can be connected up to four Expansion Hub (EH).

Expansion Hub (EH)

The goal of the EH is to convert the light signal into a RF signal. The EH canconnect up to four Remote Antenna Unit (RAU).

Remote Antenna Unit (RAU)

The goal of the Remote Antenna Unit is to make the adaptation in term offrequency of the signal coming from the EH i.e. makes the reverse frequencyconversion done by the FMH.

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DEFINITIONS OF TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR IMPACT

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 67

Figure 5-16 DESCRIPTION OF OPTICAL FIBER EQUIPMENT CHAIN

FMH EH RAURF signal in

890-915 MHz

Optical fiber

freq = 75.7 MHz

RF signal out

freq = 75.7 MHz

RF signal out

freq = 890-915 MHz

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DEFINITIONS OF TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR IMPACT

PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 69

6 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXISTING COMBINERS

This chapter contains all the technical data given by the Nortel specifications forthe internal devices and by the manufacturer for external devices. In this chapterall the combiners are grouped and arranged in the same way as in the previouschapter. They are put in a table which structure is quite constant. When atechnical information is not given by the manufacturer, the corresponding cell isshadowed.

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explained in the section“particularity” of each concerned table.

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6.1 TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT

As in the previous chapter, all the transmission equipment are listed. Theorganization is the same.

6.1.1 Hybrid Combiner

Given the type of the BTS and the configuration of the site, different kind ofhybrid combiner are used:

- 2 channels hybrid combiner

- 4 channels hybrid combiner

6.1.1.1 2 Channels Hybrid Combiner

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

SO 501 602 SO 501 600 SO 501 699 SO 501 609

Kind of BTS micro-BTS/S2000L

macro-BTS macro-BTS macro-BTS

Frequency range (MHz) GSM 900 GSM 900 1700 to 1900 1700 to 1900

Impedance (Ω)

Input power (dBm or W) 2 W 10 W 500 W

Insertion loss (dB)

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.06 1.06 1.15 1.15

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

Isolation between ports (dB) -30 dB -30 dB -26 dB -26 dB

In-band ripple (dB) 0.2 dB 0.2 dB

Nominal gain (dB) N/A N/A N/A N/A

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm)

Table 6-1 2 CHANNELS HYBRID COMBINER CHARACTERISTICS

≤ ≤ ≤ ≤

± ±

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Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

Connectors 7-16 Female 7-16 Female 7-16 Female 7-16 Female

Temperature range (°C)

Temperature gradient (°C per hour)

Relative humidity range (%)

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep) (mm) 114*85.47*60 114*85.47*60 153*112*72 153*112*72

Weight (Kg)

Fixing Supplem.(SO 530 002)

Supplem.(SO 530 002)

Supplem.(SO 530 002)

Supplem.(SO 530 002)

IP code

Particularity with load(5 W)

without load without load without load

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

SO 501 607 K 80 41 51 K 60 87 16 K 63 70 61 *K 63 70 67 **

Kind of BTS

Frequency range (MHz) 1700 to 1900 880 to 960 880 to 960 806 to 960

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω

Input power (dBm or W) 100 W <500W for 2 inputs

<350W for 1 input

Insertion loss (dB) 4.8 dB 3.4 dB 3 0.4 dB

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.15 1.2 1.2 1.1

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.2 1.2

Isolation between ports (dB) -26 dB 26 dB 25 dB 30 dB

In-band ripple (dB) 0.2 dB

Table 6-2 2 CHANNELS HYBRID COMBINER CHARACTERISTICS

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

SO 501 602 SO 501 600 SO 501 699 SO 501 609

Table 6-1 2 CHANNELS HYBRID COMBINER CHARACTERISTICS

≤ ±

≤ ≤ ≤ ≤

≤ ≤

≥ ≥ ≥

±

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Nominal gain (dB) N/A N/A N/A N/A

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm)

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

Connectors N female 7-16 Female 7-16 Female N Female* 7-16 Female**

Temperature range (°C) -10°C to +60°C

-10°C to +60°C

Temperature gradient (°C per hour)

Relative humidity range (%)

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep) (mm) 153*112*72 98*192*90 55*157*95

Weight (Kg) 1.9 Kg 1.2 Kg 0.6 Kg

Fixing Supplem(SO 530 002)

2 M5 screws 2 M6 screws 2 screws (max. 5 mm

dia.)

IP code

Particularity without load integrated load/

for 3 BTS

* first ref** second ref

(without load)for 2 BTS

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

K 72 96 46K 72 96 45

K 79 21 46K 79 21 45

Y 119 F NTQA2373/NTQA2372

Kind of BTS S2000L

Frequency range (MHz) 806 to 960 1710 to 1900 806 to 960 935 to 960/1805 to 1990

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω

Table 6-3 2 CHANNELS HYBRID COMBINER CHARACTERISTICS

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

SO 501 607 K 80 41 51 K 60 87 16 K 63 70 61 *K 63 70 67 **

Table 6-2 2 CHANNELS HYBRID COMBINER CHARACTERISTICS

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 73

Input power (dBm or W) < 240 W per input

< 350W for 2 inputs with 250W max for 1 input

0 to 1000 W 5 W

Insertion loss (dB) 3 0.4 dB 3 0.4 dB 3 + 0.1 dB 3 0.25 dB

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.1 1.1 20 dB 22 dB (mini)

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

20 dB 22 dB (mini)

Isolation between ports (dB) 21 dB for 1.4 antenna ROS

> 30 dB 25 dB 22 dB

In-band ripple (dB) 0.3 dB

Nominal gain (dB) N/A N/A N/A N/A

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

- 75 dBc

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm)

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

Connectors N Female *7-16 Female**

N Female *7-16 Female**

N F or M/ BNC Female

SMA gold Female

Temperature range (°C) 0°C to +50°C -40°C to +85°C

Temperature gradient (°C per hour) 30°C

Relative humidity range (%) 0% to 95%

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep) (mm) 370*350*233 55*111*95 55*125*30 80*187*27

Weight (Kg) 6.7 Kg 0.5 Kg 0.6 Kg < 0.175 Kg

Fixing 7-R-rack with 4 screws (M6) or wall mounting kit K 79 18 80

2 screws (max 6 mm dia)

4 holes 4.2

IP code

Particularity * first ref** second ref

* first ref** second ref

with load

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

K 72 96 46K 72 96 45

K 79 21 46K 79 21 45

Y 119 F NTQA2373/NTQA2372

Table 6-3 2 CHANNELS HYBRID COMBINER CHARACTERISTICS

± ± ±

≤ ≤

±

φ

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Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

SO 501 700 K 79 11 45 *

Kind of BTS S2000E S2000

Frequency range (MHz) 1700 to 1900 50 to 1000 1

1600 to 2000 2

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω

Input power (dBm or W) 1*50 W or 2*25 W

<100 W 1

< 50 W 2

Insertion loss (dB) <0.3 dB 1

<0.5 dB 2

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.15 <1.2

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.15

Isolation between ports (dB) 23 dB *20 dB **17 dB ***

>40 dB 3

In-band ripple (dB) 0.4 dB

Nominal gain (dB) N/A N/A

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

120 dBc 1

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm)

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

Connectors 7-16 Female N Female

Temperature range (°C) -30°C to +60°C

Temperature gradient (°C per hour)

Relative humidity range (%)

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep) (mm) 95*191*105 23*201*140

Weight (Kg) 0.7 Kg

Fixing 4*φ6.5

Table 6-4 2 CHANNELS HYBRID COMBINER CHARACTERISTICS

<

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 75

6.1.1.2 4 Channels Hybrid Combiner

This kind of device exists but is not currently used by Nortel.

IP code

Particularity * 50 Ω on Ant** VSWR Ant:1.22

*** VSWR Ant: 1.33

1 intermod. 7th order

* multi-band combiner1 input 12 input 2

3 input 1 to input 2

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

SO 501 700 K 79 11 45 *

Table 6-4 2 CHANNELS HYBRID COMBINER CHARACTERISTICS

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6.1.2 TX Filter

The TX Filters listed below are only the internal TX Filters of the S8000 BTS.External TX Filters exist but they are not used by Nortel. The first reference isattached to a TX Filter without VSWR meter and the second one to a TX Filterwith VSWR meter.

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

NTQA52RA/NTQA52RB

NTQA52KA/NTQA51KB

NTQA52CA/NTQA52CB

Kind of BTS S8000 S8000 S8000

Frequency range (MHz) 935 to 960 1805 to 1880 1930 to 1990

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω

Input power (dBm or W) 50 W 50 W 50 W

Insertion loss (dB) 1 dB 1 dB 1 dB

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

20 dB 20 dB 20 dB

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

15 dB 15 dB 15 dB

Isolation between ports (dB)

In-band ripple (dB) 0.4 dB 0.6 dB 0.6 dB

Nominal gain (dB)

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm)

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

915 to 990 1785 to 1894 1910 to 2050

Power supply (V) +15 or -15 DC 5%

+15 or -15 DC 5%

+15 or -15 DC 5%

Current supply (mA) 370 or 50 370 or 50 370 or 50

Connectors N N N

Temperature range (°C) +0°C to +70°C +0°C to +70°C +0°C to +70°C

Temperature gradient (°C per hour) 30°C 30°C 30°C

Relative humidity range (%) 0% to 95% 0% to 95% 0% to 95%

Table 6-5 TX FILTER CHARACTERISTICS

± ± ±

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 77

6.1.3 Cavity Combiner

The cavity combiner was used with S4000 BTS and it will be used with the S8000Indoor and Outdoor BTS.

The advantages and the drawbacks of a cavity combiner are listed below.

The advantages are:

• less loss hence increase of the emitted power

• higher sensitivity and higher coverage hence cheaper network

The drawbacks are:

• no frequency hopping intra TRX (it is due to the slowness of the tuning).

• a specific software needed for the BCF hence investment for development

• defense more complex (reconfiguration of the cavity) than the defenseregarding an hybrid combiner (due to the frequency hopping inter TRXwith a cavity combiner). With an hybrid combiner, the frequency hopping isintra TRX. The disfunctioning of a TRX only induces a lower capacity.With a cavity combiner, the frequency hopping is done from one cavity tothe other, that is from one TRX to the other (inter TRX). The disfunctioningof a TRX makes the use of its associated frequency impossible.

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep)(mm)

167.9 * 42.5 * 300

167.9 * 42.5 * 300

167.9 * 42.5 * 300

Weight (Kg)

Fixing

IP code

Particularity For the VSWR requirements see

“[R2]”

For the VSWR requirements see

“[R2]”

For the VSWR requirements see

“[R2]”

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

NTQA52RA/NTQA52RB

NTQA52KA/NTQA51KB

NTQA52CA/NTQA52CB

Table 6-5 TX FILTER CHARACTERISTICS

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Page 78 PE/IRC/APP/0109 Approved 01.02/EN JULY 1999

6.2 RECEPTION EQUIPMENT

As in the previous chapter, all the reception equipment are listed. Theorganization is the same.

6.2.1 LNA-Splitter

This device is principally used with the following BTS: S8000 Indoor & Outdoorand S2000 H/L.

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

NTQA2223 NTQA2226 NTQA2229 NTQA2607

Kind of BTS S2000H S2000H S2000H S2000L

Frequency range (MHz) 880 to 915 1710 to 1785 1850 to 1910 880 to 915

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω

Input power (dBm or W) +10 dBm +10 dBm +10 dBm +10 dBm

Insertion loss (dB)

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0

Isolation between ports (dB) 20 dB *(at 844 to 1000)

In-band ripple (dB)

Nominal gain (dB) 28 dB 31 dB 31 dB 30 dB

Gain variation (dB) 1.5 dB 1.5 dB 1.5 dB 2.5 dB

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm) 2 dBm -4 dBm -4 dBm 0 dBm

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

830 to 925

Noise figure (dB) 1.5 dB 1.5 dB 1.5 dB 3.3 dB

Power supply (V) +8 V 2% +8 V 2% +8 V 2% +8 V 3%

Table 6-6 LNA-SPLITTER CHARACTERISTICS

≤ ≤ ≤ ≤

≤ ≤ ≤ ≤

± ± ± ±

≥ ≥ ≥ ≥

≤ ≤ ≤ ≤

± ± ± ±

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 79

Current supply (mA) 600 mA 600 mA 600 mA 500 mA

Connectors RF: SMA G. F RF: SMA G. F RF: SMA G. F RF: SMA G. F

Temperature range (°C) -40°C to +85°C

-40°C to +85°C

-40°C to +85°C

-40°C to +85°C

Temperature gradient (°C per hour)

Relative humidity range (%)

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep) (mm) 92*100*36.5 92*100*36.5 92*100*36.5 92*100*37

Weight (Kg) <0.5 Kg

Fixing

IP code

Particularity unconditional stable

unconditional stable

unconditional stable

unconditional stable

*output to output

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

NTQA2627 NTQA2626

Included in others devices (D, H2D, H4D

modules)

Included in others devices (D, H2D, H4D

modules)

Kind of BTS S2000L S2000L S8000 (EGSM)

S8000 (RGSM)

Frequency range (MHz) 1710 to 1785 1850 to 1910 880 to 915 876 to 901

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω

Input power (dBm or W) +10 dBm +10 dBm 10 dBm 10 dBm

Insertion loss (dB)

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.5 1.5 14 dB (mini) 14 dB (mini)

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.67 1.5 20 dB (mini) 20 dB (mini)

Isolation between ports (dB) 30 dB *(at 1499 to 1574)

30 dB *(at 1639 to 1699)

20 dB(output to output)

20 dB(output to output)

Table 6-7 LNA-SPLITTER CHARACTERISTICS

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

NTQA2223 NTQA2226 NTQA2229 NTQA2607

Table 6-6 LNA-SPLITTER CHARACTERISTICS

≤ ≤

≤ ≤

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In-band ripple (dB) 0.8 dB 0.8 dB

Nominal gain (dB) 31 dB 32 dB 21.8 dB*19.8 dB**

21.8 dB*19.8 dB**

Gain variation (dB) 2.5 dB 2.5 dB 1.5 dB 1.5 dB

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm) -2 dBm -2 dBm 5 dBm (mini) 5 dBm (mini)

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

1630 to 1805 1700 to 1930

Noise figure (dB) 2.8 dB 2.8 dB 1.5 dB (max) 1.5 dB (max)

Power supply (V) +8 V +8 V +/- 15V DC +/- 15V DC

Current supply (mA) 650 mA 650 mA 370/50 mA 370/50 mA

Connectors SMA Gold F SMA Gold F

Temperature range (°C) -40°C to +85°C

-40°C to +85°C

+0°C to +70°C +0°C to +70°C

Temperature gradient (°C per hour) 30°C 30°C

Relative humidity range(%) 0% to 95% 0% to 95%

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep) (mm) 92*100*37 92*100*37 25*118*170 25*118*170

Weight (Kg)

Fixing 2* M3 2* M3

IP code

Particularity unconditional stable/* output to output

unconditional stable/* output to output

* input to ext. output** input to int. output

* input to ext. output** input to int. output

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

NTQA2627 NTQA2626

Included in others devices (D, H2D, H4D

modules)

Included in others devices (D, H2D, H4D

modules)

Table 6-7 LNA-SPLITTER CHARACTERISTICS

± ± ± ±

≥ ≥

≤ ≤

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 81

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

Included in others devices (D, H2D, H4D

modules)

Included in others devices (D, H2D, H4D

modules)

Kind of BTS S8000 S8000

Frequency range (MHz) 1710 to 1785 1850 to 1910

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω

Input power (dBm or W) 10 dBm 10 dBm

Insertion loss (dB)

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

14 dB 14 dB

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

20 dB 20 dB

Isolation between ports (dB) 20 dB(output to output)

20 dB(output to output)

In-band ripple (dB) 0.8 dB 0.8 dB

Nominal gain (dB) 25.3 dB*23.3 dB**

25.3 dB*23.3 dB**

Gain variation (dB) 1.5 dB 1.5 dB

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm) 0 dBm 0 dBm

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

Noise figure (dB) 1.5 dB 1.5 dB

Power supply (V) +/- 15V DC +/- 15V DC

Current supply (mA) 370/50 mA 370/50 mA

Connectors SMA Gold F SMA Gold F

Temperature range (°C) +0°C to +70°c +0°C to +70°c

Temperature gradient (°C per hour) 30°C 30°C

Relative humidity range (%) 0% to 95% 0% to 95%

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep) (mm) 25*118*170 25*118*170

Weight (Kg)

Table 6-8 LNA-SPLITTER CHARACTERISTICS

± ±

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6.2.2 RX-Splitter

This device is only used with the S8000 Indoor & Outdoor BTS.

Fixing 2* M3 2* M3

IP code

Particularity * input to ext. output

** input to int. output

* input to ext. output

** input to int. output

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

NTQA10PA NTQA10HA

Kind of BTS S8000 (E&RGSM)

S8000

Frequency range (MHz) 876 to 915 1710 to 1785

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω

Input power (dBm or W)

Insertion loss (dB)

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

14 dB (mini) 5 dB (mini)

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

16 dB (mini) 14 dB (mini)

Isolation between ports (dB) 30 dB*20 dB**

20 dB*25 dB**

In-band ripple (dB) 1.2 dB***

Nominal gain (dB) 9.2 dB 8 dB

Gain variation (dB) 1 dB 1.5 dB

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

Table 6-9 RX-SPLITTER CHARACTERISTICS

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

Included in others devices (D, H2D, H4D

modules)

Included in others devices (D, H2D, H4D

modules)

Table 6-8 LNA-SPLITTER CHARACTERISTICS

± ±

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 83

6.2.3 Receive filter

The receive filter is only used in the S2000H dual HPRF module.

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm) 15.5 dBm +10.8 dBm

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

Noise figure (dB) 11.5 dB1

12 dB211.5 dB1

12.5 dB2

Power supply (V) 9.5V to 15V 6V to 13V

Current supply (mA) 50 mA 30 mA

Connectors SMA F SMA F

Temperature range (°C) 0°C to 70°C

Temperature gradient (°C per hour)

Relative humidity range (%)

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep) (mm)

Weight (Kg)

Fixing

IP code

Particularity * on OL freq.** on OL harmonics

freq.1 at ambient2 0 to 70°C

* on OL freq.** on OL harmonics

freq.*** at output

1 at ambient2 0 to 70°C

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

NTQA2619 NTQA2618 NTQA2617

Kind of BTS S2000H S2000H S2000H

Frequency range (MHz) 890 to 915 1710 to 1785 1850 to 1910

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω

Table 6-10 RECEIVE FILTER CHARACTERISTICS

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

NTQA10PA NTQA10HA

Table 6-9 RX-SPLITTER CHARACTERISTICS

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Input power (dBm or W) 30 dBm

Insertion loss (dB) 1 dB 1 dB 1.15 dB

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.4 1.4 15 dB

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.4 1.4 15 dB

Isolation between ports (dB)

In-band ripple (dB) 0.6 dB 0.6 dB

Nominal gain (dB) N/A N/A N/A

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

-120 dBm(in RX band)

-120 dBm(in RX band)

-125 dBm

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm)

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

890 to 915 1710 to 1785 1850 to 1910

Connectors SMA Female SMA Female SMA Female

Temperature range (°C) -40°C to +85°C

-40°C to +85°C

-40°C to +85°C

Temperature gradient (°C per hour) 30°C 30°C 0.75°C per min

Relative humidity range (%) 10% to 95% 10% to 95% 10% to 93%

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep) (mm) 105*280*68 105*280*68 105*280*68

Weight (Kg) 2 Kg 2 Kg 1.5 Kg

Fixing 2* 3.5 & 2* 4.8

2* 3.5 & 2* 4.8

2* 3.5 & 2* 4.8

IP code

Particularity metal: aluminum

alloy

metal: aluminum

alloy

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

NTQA2619 NTQA2618 NTQA2617

Table 6-10 RECEIVE FILTER CHARACTERISTICS

<

≤ ≤

≤ ≤

< < <

< < <

φ

φ

φ

φ

φ

φ

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TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXISTING COMBINERS

Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission

COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 85

6.3 DUPLEXER & HYBRID DUPLEXER

6.3.1 Duplexer

All the duplexers are listed in this section. Concerning Nortel’s Duplexers, thetechnical specifications describe the reception path which contains theLNA-Splitter.

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

FD9042-1 FD9042-2-45FD906006-1/FD906006-2

FD1842-1

Kind of BTS

Frequency range (MHz) 890 to 915 *935 to 960 **

880 to 915 *925 to 960 **

890 to 915 *935 to 960 **

1710 to 1785 *1805 to 1880**

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω

Input power (dBm or W) 350 W 350 W 350 W 250 W

Insertion loss (dB) 0.5 dB 1 dB 0.6 dB 0.5 dB

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

18 dB (mini) 18 dB (mini) 18 dB (mini) 18 dB (mini)

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

18 dB (mini) 18 dB (mini) 18 dB (mini) 18 dB (mini)

Isolation between ports (dB) 40 dB(RX at TX freq. or

TX at RX freq.)

45 dB(RX at TX freq. or

TX at RX freq.)

60 dB (mini)(RX at TX freq. or

TX at RX freq.)

30 dB(RX at TX freq. or

TX at RX freq.)

In-band ripple (dB) 0.4 dB 0.5 dB 0.4 dB 0.4 dB

Nominal gain (dB) N/A N/A N/A N/A

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

-158 dBmat 2*43 dBm

-157 dBmat 2*43 dBm

-153 dBmat 2*43 dBm

-120 dBmat 2*43 dBm

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm)

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

Connectors 7-16 F (TX/ANT)

N F (RX)

7-16 F (TX/ANT)

N F (RX)

7-16 F(all)

7-16 F (TX/ANT)

N F (RX)

Temperature range (°C) -10°C to +60°C

-10°C to +60°C

-10°C to +60°C

-10°C to +60°C

Table 6-11 DUPLEXER CHARACTERISTICS

<

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Page 86 PE/IRC/APP/0109 Approved 01.02/EN JULY 1999

Temperature gradient (°C per hour)

Relative humidity range (%)

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep)(mm)

44.3 *4 52.6 * 123

44.3 *4 52.6 * 123

44.3 *4 52.6 * 123

44.3*482.6*70

Weight (Kg) 3.1 Kg 3.1 Kg 3.1 Kg 1.3 Kg

Fixing 19” 1HU 19” 1HU 19” 1HU 19” standard rack

IP code

Particularity * receive path** transmit path

* receive path** transmit path

* receive path** transmit path

* receive path** transmit path

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

FD1942-1SO 509 336 1

SO 509 343 2SO 509 327 1

SO 509 320 2SO 509 323 1

SO 509 324 2

Kind of BTS

Frequency range (MHz) 1850 to 1910 *1930 to 1990**

890 to 902.5 *935 to 947.5**

902.5 to 915 *947.5 to 960 **

890 to 915 *935 to 960 **

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω

Input power (dBm or W) 250W

Insertion loss (dB) 0.5 dB 0.5 dB * 0.4 dB **

0.6 dB *0.4 dB **

0.7 dB0.5 dB

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

18 dB (mini) 20 dB *26.5 dB **

20 dB *26.5 dB **

20 dB

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

18 dB (mini) 23 dB *20 dB **

23 dB *20 dB *

20 dB

Isolation between ports (dB) 30 dB(RX at TX freq. or

TX at RX freq.)

40 dB (RX/TX

at TX freq)

65 dB (TX/RX

at RX freq)

40 dB (RX/TX

at TX freq)

70 dB (TX/RX

at RX freq)

40 dB (RX/TX

at TX freq)

65 dB (TX/RX

at RX freq)

In-band ripple (dB) 0.4 dB

Table 6-12 DUPLEXER CHARACTERISTICS

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

FD9042-1 FD9042-2-45FD906006-1/FD906006-2

FD1842-1

Table 6-11 DUPLEXER CHARACTERISTICS

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 87

Nominal gain (dB) N/A N/A N/A N/A

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

-120 dBmat 2*43 dBm

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm)

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

Connectors 7-16 F (TX/ANT)

N F (RX)

7-16 F 7-16 F 7-16 F

Temperature range (°C) -10°C to +60°C

-25°C to +55°C

-25°C to +55°C

-25°C to +55°C

Temperature gradient (°C per hour)

Relative humidity range (%)

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep)(mm)

44.3*482.6*70 94*333*97 1

111*354*135 294*333*97 1

111*354*135 294*333*97 1

111*354*135 2

Weight (Kg) 1.3 Kg 2 Kg 1

3 Kg 22 Kg 1

3 Kg 22 Kg 1

3 Kg 2

Fixing 19” standard rack

by fixing lug 1/i

4* φ7 2/iiby fixing lug 1/i

4* φ7 2/iiby fixing lug 1/i

4* φ7 2/ii

IP code

Particularity * receive path** transmit path

1 indoor2 outdoor

* receive path** transmit pathi kit SO 509336

SO 509327SO 509323

ii kit SO 509346SO 509320SO 509324

1 indoor2 outdoor

* receive path** transmit pathi kit SO 509336

SO 509327SO 509323

ii kit SO 509346SO 509320SO 509324

1 indoor2 outdoor

* receive path** transmit pathi kit SO 509336

SO 509327SO 509323

ii kit SO 509346SO 509320SO 509324

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

FD1942-1SO 509 336 1

SO 509 343 2SO 509 327 1

SO 509 320 2SO 509 323 1

SO 509 324 2

Table 6-12 DUPLEXER CHARACTERISTICS

<

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TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXISTING COMBINERS

Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission

Page 88 PE/IRC/APP/0109 Approved 01.02/EN JULY 1999

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

SO 518 116 NTQA2203 NTQA2201 NTQA2698

Kind of BTS S2000L S2000L S2000L

Frequency range (MHz) 1710 to 1785 *1805 to 1880**

890 to 915 *935 to 960 **

1710 to 1785 *1805 to 1880**

1850 to 1910 *1930 to 1990**

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω

Input power (dBm or W) 5 W 30 dBm *5 W **

30 dBm *5 W **

Insertion loss (dB) 0.7 dB *0.5 dB **

2 dB 2 dB *1.6 dB **

2 dB *1.6 dB **

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

23 dB *26.5 dB **

15 dB 15 dB 15 dB

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

15 dB 15 dB 15 dB

Isolation between ports (dB) 50 dB (RX/TX

at RX freq.)

70 dB (TX/RX

at TX freq.)

77 dB(890 to 915)

77 dB(1710 to 1785)

77 dB(1850 to 1910)

In-band ripple (dB) 1 dB 1 dB 1 dB

Nominal gain (dB) N/A N/A N/A N/A

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

-116 dBm *-55 dBm **

(at +33 dBm)

-125 dBm *-55 dBm **

(at +33 dBm)

-125 dBm *-55 dBm **

(at +33 dBm)

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm)

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

890 to 915 *935 to 960 **

1710 to 1785 *1805 to 1880**

1850 to 1910 *1930 to 1990**

Connectors 7-16 Female N (Ant/jack)SMA (RX/TX/ jack)

N (Ant/jack)SMA (RX/TX/ jack)

N (Ant/jack)SMA (RX/TX/ jack)

Temperature range (°C) -40°C to +85°C

-40°C to +85°C

-40°C to +85°C

Temperature gradient (°C per hour)

Relative humidity range (%) 5% to 95% 5% to 95% 5% to 95%

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep) (mm) 60*201*53 86*168*50.6 86*168*50.6 86*168*50.6

Weight (Kg) 1.3 Kg 1.3 Kg 1.25 Kg

Fixing oblong 8*16 4* φ4.5 4* φ4.5 4* φ4.5

Table 6-13 DUPLEXER CHARACTERISTICS

≥ ≥ ≥

≥ ≥ ≥

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 89

IP code

Particularity * receive path**transmit path

* receive path**transmit path

* receive path**transmit path

* receive path**transmit path

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

NTQA2613 NTQA2608 NTQA2605 NTQA51SA

Kind of BTS S2000H S2000H S2000H S8000

Frequency range (MHz) 890 to 915 *935 to 960 **

1710 to 1785 *1805 to 1880**

1850 to 1910 *1930 to 1990**

890 to 915 *935 to 960 **

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω

Input power (dBm or W) +46 dBm ** +46 dBm ** 30 dBm *40 W **

100 W **

Insertion loss (dB) 1 dB 1 dB 1.15 dB 1 dB

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.4:1 1.4:1 15 dB 15 dB *20 dB **

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.4:1 1.4:1 15 dB 18 dB *15 dB **

Isolation between ports (dB) 90 dB 90 dB 90 dB 90 dB

In-band ripple (dB) 0.6 dB 0.6 dB 0.6 dB 0.4 dB

Nominal gain (dB) N/A N/A N/A N/A

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

-125 dBm *-55 dBm **

-125 dBm *-55 dBm **

-120 dBm *-55 dBm **

-110 dBm *-75 dBc **

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm)

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

890 to 915 *935 to 960 **

1710 to 1785 *1805 to 1880**

1850 to 1910 *1930 to 1990**

870 to 935 *915 to 990 **

Connectors N F (Ant/TX)

SMA F (RX)

N F (Ant/TX)

SMA F (RX)

N F (Ant/TX)

SMA F (RX)

7/16 (Ant)N F (TX)

SMA F (RX)

Temperature range (°C) -40°C to +85°C

-40°C to +85°C

-40°C to +85°C

+0°C to +70°C

Table 6-14 DUPLEXER CHARACTERISTICS

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

SO 518 116 NTQA2203 NTQA2201 NTQA2698

Table 6-13 DUPLEXER CHARACTERISTICS

≥ ≥ ≥ ≥

≤ ≤

<

<

<

<

<

<

<

<

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TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXISTING COMBINERS

Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission

Page 90 PE/IRC/APP/0109 Approved 01.02/EN JULY 1999

Temperature gradient (°C per hour) 30°C 30°C 30°C

Relative humidity range (%) up to 95% up to 95% 10% to 93% 0% to 95%

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep) (mm) 220*235*68 220*235*68 220*240*45 242.9*59*300

Weight (Kg) 4 Kg 4 Kg 7 Kg

Fixing 2* φ5 2* φ4.5 2* φ5

IP code

Particularity * receive path**transmit path

* receive path**transmit path

* receive path**transmit path

* receive path**transmit path

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

NTQA51XA NTQA51KA NTQA51DA

Kind of BTS S8000 S8000 S8000

Frequency range (MHz) 876 to 901 *921 to 946 **

1710 to 1785 *1805 to 1880**

1850 to 1910 *1930 to 1990**

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω

Input power (dBm or W) 100 W 100 W 100 W

Insertion loss (dB) 1 dB 1.4 dB *1.2 dB**

1.4 dB *1.2 dB**

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

15 dB *20 dB **

15 dB *18 dB **

15 dB *18 dB **

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

18 dB *15 dB **

18 dB *15 dB**

18 dB *15 dB**

Isolation between ports (dB) 90 dB 90 dB 90 dB

In-band ripple (dB) 0.4 dB 0.6 dB 0.6 dB

Nominal gain (dB) N/A N/A N/A

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

-110 dBm *-75 dBc **

N/A N/A

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm)

Table 6-15 DUPLEXER CHARACTERISTICS

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

NTQA2613 NTQA2608 NTQA2605 NTQA51SA

Table 6-14 DUPLEXER CHARACTERISTICS

< < <

≥ ≥ ≥

<

<

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 91

6.3.2 Hybrid Duplexer

Two kinds of hybrid duplexers exist:

n 2 Channels Hybrid Duplexer

n 4 Channels Hybrid Duplexer

6.3.2.1 2 Channels Hybrid Duplexer

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

856 to 921 *901 to 976 **

1675 to 1805 *1785 to 1894**

1820 to 1930 *1910 to 2050**

Connectors 7/16 (Ant)N F (TX)

SMA F (RX)

7/16 (Ant)N F (TX)

SMA F (RX)

7/16 (Ant)N F (TX)

SMA F (RX)

Temperature range (°C) +0°C to +70°C +0°C to +70°C +0°C to +70°C

Temperature gradient (°C per hour) 30°C 30°C 30°C

Relative humidity range (%) 0% to 95% 0% to 95% 0% to 95%

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep) (mm) 242.9*59*300 242.9*59*300 242.9*59*300

Weight (Kg)

Fixing

IP code

Particularity * receive path**transmit path

* receive path**transmit path

* receive path**transmit path

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

NTQA51PA/NTQA51QA

NTQA51HA/NTQA51JA

NTQA51AA/NTQA51BA

Kind of BTS S8000 S8000 S8000

Frequency range (MHz) 890 to915 *925 to 960 **

1710 to 1785 *1805 to 1880**

1850 to 1910 *1930 to 1990**

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω

Table 6-16 2 CHANNELS HYBRID DUPLEXER CHARACTERISTICS

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

NTQA51XA NTQA51KA NTQA51DA

Table 6-15 DUPLEXER CHARACTERISTICS

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Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission

Page 92 PE/IRC/APP/0109 Approved 01.02/EN JULY 1999

Input power (dBm or W) 10 dBm *50 W **

10 dBm *50 W **

10 dBm *50 W **

Insertion loss (dB) 5dB ** 5dB ** 5dB **

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

12 dB *22 dB **

12 dB *22 dB **

12 dB *22 dB **

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

20 dB *15 dB **

20 dB *15 dB **

20 dB *15 dB **

Isolation between ports (dB) 20 dB *45 dB **

20 dB *45 dB **

20 dB *45 dB **

In-band ripple (dB) 1.4 dB *0.8 dB **

1.4 dB *0.8 dB **

1.4 dB *0.8 dB **

Nominal gain (dB) 18.9 dB 1

20.9 dB 222.4 dB 1

24.4 dB 222.4 dB 1

24.4 dB 2

Gain variation (dB) 1.8 dB 1.9 dB 1.9 dB

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

75 dBc(TX & RX)

75 dBc(RX & TX)

-75 dBc(RX & TX)

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm) 6.2 dBm * 1.2 dBm * 1.2 dBm *

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

Noise figure (dB) 2.7 dB 1 3.1 dB 1 2.7 dB 1

Power supply (V) +/- 15 V +/- 15 V +/- 15 V

Current supply (mA) 370/50 mA i

570/300 mA ii370/50 mA i

580/300 mA ii370/50 mA i

580/300 mA ii

Connectors 7-16 (Ant)N (TX)

SMA (RX)

7-16 (Ant)N (TX)

SMA (RX)

7-16 (Ant)N (TX)

SMA (RX)

Temperature range (°C) +0°C to +70°C +0°C to +70°C +0°C to +70°C

Temperature gradient (°C per hour) 30°C 30°C 30°C

Relative humidity range(%) 0% to 95% 0% to 95% 0% to 95%

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep)(mm)

290.7 * 99.7 * 300

290.7 * 99.7 * 300

290.7 * 99.7 * 300

Weight (Kg)

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

NTQA51PA/NTQA51QA

NTQA51HA/NTQA51JA

NTQA51AA/NTQA51BA

Table 6-16 2 CHANNELS HYBRID DUPLEXER CHARACTERISTICS

< < <

± ± ±

≥ ≥ ≥

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 93

6.3.2.2 4 Channels Hybrid Duplexer

Fixing 4 holesφ 5.9 mm

4 holesφ 5.9 mm

4 holesφ 5.9 mm

IP code

Particularity * receive path** transmit path

1input to int. output

2input to ext. output

i W/O VSWRii W/ VSWR

* receive path** transmit path

1input to int. output

2input to ext. output

i W/O VSWRii W/ VSWR

* receive path** transmit path

1input to int. output

2input to ext. output

i W/O VSWRii W/ VSWR

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

NTQA52QA /NTQA51QB /

NTQA52JA / NTQA52JB

NTQA52BA(not available)

Kind of BTS S8000 S8000 S8000

Frequency range (MHz) 890 to915 *925 to 960 **

1710 to 1785 *1805 to 1880**

1850 to 1910 *1930 to 1990**

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω

Input power (dBm or W) 10 dBm *50 W **

10 dBm *50 W **

10 dBm *50 W **

Insertion loss (dB) 8.5dB ** 8.5dB ** 8.5dB **

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

12 dB *22 dB **

12 dB *22 dB **

12 dB *22 dB **

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

20 dB *15 dB **

20 dB *15 dB **

20 dB *15 dB **

Isolation between ports (dB) 20 dB *45 dB **

20 dB *45 dB **

20 dB *45 dB **

In-band ripple (dB) 1.4 dB *1 dB **

1.4 dB *1 dB **

1.4 dB *1 dB **

Table 6-17 4 CHANNELS HYBRID DUPLEXER CHARACTERISTICS

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

NTQA51PA/NTQA51QA

NTQA51HA/NTQA51JA

NTQA51AA/NTQA51BA

Table 6-16 2 CHANNELS HYBRID DUPLEXER CHARACTERISTICS

< < <

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Page 94 PE/IRC/APP/0109 Approved 01.02/EN JULY 1999

Nominal gain (dB) 18.9 dB 1

20.9 dB 222.4 dB 1

24.4 dB 222.4 dB *24.4 dB **

Gain variation (dB) 1.8 dB 1.9 dB 1.9 dB

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

75 dBc(TX & RX)

75 dBc(RX & TX)

-75 dBc(RX & TX)

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm) 6.2 dBm * 1.2 dBm * 1.2 dBm *

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

Noise figure (dB) 2.7 dB 1 3.1 dB 1 2.7 dB 1

Power supply (V) +/- 15 V +/- 15 V +/- 15 V

Current supply (mA) 370/50 mA i

570/300 mA ii370/50 mA i

580/300 mA ii370/50 mA i

580/300 mA ii

Connectors 7-16 (Ant)N (TX)

SMA (RX)

7-16 (Ant)N (TX)

SMA (RX)

7-16 (Ant)N (TX)

SMA (RX)

Temperature range (°C) +0°C to +70°C +0°C to +70°C +0°C to +70°C

Temperature gradient (°C per hour) 30°C 30°C 30°C

Relative humidity range (%) 0% to 95% 0% to 95% 0% to 95%

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep) (mm) 290.7 * 99.7 * 300

290.7 * 99.7 * 300

290.7 * 99.7 * 300

Weight (Kg)

Fixing 4 holesφ 5.9 mm

4 holesφ 5.9 mm

4 holesφ 5.9 mm

IP code

Particularity * receive path** transmit path

1input to int. output

2input to ext. output

i W/O VSWRii W/ VSWR

* receive path** transmit path

1input to int. output

2input to ext. output

i W/O VSWRii W/ VSWR

* receive path** transmit path

1input to int. output

2input to ext. output

i W/O VSWRii W/ VSWR

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

NTQA52QA /NTQA51QB /

NTQA52JA / NTQA52JB

NTQA52BA(not available)

Table 6-17 4 CHANNELS HYBRID DUPLEXER CHARACTERISTICS

± ± ±

≥ ≥ ≥

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 95

6.4 SPECIFIC VARIANTS

In this section, the VSWR Meter and the HPRF module are presented.

6.4.1 VSWR Meter

The VSWR Meter is an optional device which can be added only on the RFcombiner of the S8000 BTS. See “[R2]” .

REFERENCENTQA51ZA 1

NTQA51ZB 2

BA

ND

WID

TH

S (

MH

z)

GSM 900 uplink 890 to 915

GSM 900 downlink 935 to 960

E-GSM 900 uplink 880 to 915

E-GSM 900 downlink 925 to 960

GSM 1800 uplink 1710 to 1785

GSM 1800 downlink 1805 to 1880

GSM 1900 uplink 1850 to 1910

GSM 1900 downlink 1930 to 1990

Input power VSWR port 2 (dBm)

-12 to +10 dBm

Input power VSWR port 1 (dBm)

-28 to +10 dBm

Tests ports return loss (dB) >20 dB

Power supply (V) +/- 15 V +/-0.3V

Current supply (mA) 180/250 mA

Temperature range (°C) 0°C to +70°C

Temperature gradient(°C per hour)

30°C per hour

Relative humidity range (%) 0% to 95% (without condensation)

Particularity 1 for the GSM 1800/1900 unit2 for the GSM 900 unit

Table 6-18 VSWR METER SPECIFICATIONCHARACTERISTICS

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Page 96 PE/IRC/APP/0109 Approved 01.02/EN JULY 1999

Below is a description and an explanation of the VSWR meter. See “Figure 6-1”.

Figure 6-1 BASIC FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM OF VSWR METER

The signals arriving on VSWR port 1 (reflected signal) and VSWR port 2(emitted signal) are amplified by a logarithmic amplifier (with logarithm adivision corresponds to a subtraction and it is easier to do a subtraction than adivision). These two amplified signals only need to be added or differentiated toprovide the VSWR values (3 values). See “Figure 6-1”.

The values delivered by the VSWR meter are corresponding to three logicalsignals. These three values are:

• 1.7:1, i.e. 11.7 dB

• 2:1, i.e. 9.5 dB

• 3:1, i.e. 6 dB

Sum or difference

Logampli ampli

Log

Offset 1 Offset 2

Power supply & alarm connector

VSWR port 1 VSWR port 2

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 97

The formula traducing the value of VSWR is:

6.4.2 HPRF Module

The HPRF module is an external module of the S2000H BTS. As for the S8000RF combiner, it does not exist any technical specification about the module itself.The technical specification, especially the electrical specification, can bededucted from the different link budgets of the S2000H BTS.

These calculations will not be included in this document.

VSWR Power emittedPower reflected-------------------------------------=

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Page 98 PE/IRC/APP/0109 Approved 01.02/EN JULY 1999

6.5 OPTICAL FIBERS EQUIPMENT, MULTI-ANTENNA SYSTEMS AND INDOOR COVERAGE

This section is dedicated to specific devices for specific use. All the devices usedin those different systems are listed.

6.5.1 Multi-antenna Systems and Indoor Coverage

Before listing all the devices, a schematic will be associated to each device.Power dividers and power splitters can be used as antenna coupler.

All antenna coupler presented here have a 1/2-1/2 distribution, i.e. the two outputshave a half of the emitted power (see “Figure 6-2”). However other distributionsexist:

• 1/3-2/3

• 1/4-1/4-1/4-1/4

• 1/10-9/10

Figure 6-2 EXAMPLE OF ANTENNA COUPLER

The power splitter (or power divider) divides the incoming signal into severalequivalent outputs. The distributions of the power is constant. Therefore it canalso be used as an antenna coupler.

The power tapper divides also the incoming signal into several ones. But theattenuation of the different output is different. See “Figure 6-3”.

RF in

RF out

RF out

(1/2 RF in)

(1/2 RF in)

(from BTS)

(to antenna 1)

(to antenna 2)

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 99

Figure 6-3 EXAMPLE OF POWER TAPPER

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

SO 501 705(1/2-1/2)

SO 501 158(1/2-1/2)

SO 501 709 BSD903 *BSD904 **BSD905 ***

Type of Device Ant. coupler Ant. coupler Ant. coupler Power Divider

Kind of BTS

Frequency range (MHz) 1700 to 1900 880 to 2000 300 to 2000 890 to 960

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω

Input power (dBm or W) 40 W 10 W 500 W

Insertion loss (dB) 0.3 dB 0.1 dB

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.15 22 dB 1.2 1.1

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.2

Isolation between ports (dB) 22 dB 20 dB

In-band ripple (dB) 0.2 dB

Nominal gain (dB) N/A N/A N/A N/A

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

-150 dBc(2*43 dBm)

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm)

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

Connectors 7-16 Female SMA or N F 7-16 Female 7-16

Table 6-19 ANTENNA COUPLER / POWER DIVIDER CHARACTERISTICS

RF in

RF out

RF out

(attenuation -1.8 dB)

(attenuation -4.8 dB)

≤ ≤ <

≥ ≥

±

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Page 100 PE/IRC/APP/0109 Approved 01.02/EN JULY 1999

Temperature range (°C) -20°C to +70°C

-40°C to +70°C

Temperature gradient (°C per hour)

Relative humidity range (%)

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep)(mm)

160*90*60 76.5 * 63.5 * 26.4

224.5*60*93 300*235*205

Weight (Kg) 4 Kg

Fixing clip for mounting pipe 40-200 mm

IP code IP 65 IP 51 IP 60/65

Particularity * nb Ant: 2** nb Ant: 3*** nb Ant: 4

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

BSD902 BSD1802 K 72 80 44 K 72 98 12

Type of Device Power Divider Power Divider DecoupledPower Splitter

DecoupledPower Splitter

Kind of BTS

Frequency range (MHz) 824 to 960 1710 to 1990 806 to 960 890 to 960

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω

Input power (dBm or W) 500 W 500 W 100 W each 100 W each

Insertion loss (dB) 0.1 dB 0.1 dB 5.5 dB * 6.5 dB *

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.2 *1.1 **

1.2 *1.1 **

1.2 1.2

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

Isolation between ports (dB) 25 dB 25 dB

In-band ripple (dB)

Table 6-20 POWER SPLITTER / POWER DIVIDER CHARACTERISTICS

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

SO 501 705(1/2-1/2)

SO 501 158(1/2-1/2)

SO 501 709 BSD903 *BSD904 **BSD905 ***

Table 6-19 ANTENNA COUPLER / POWER DIVIDER CHARACTERISTICS

< <

< <

<

<

<

<

< <

> >

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 101

Nominal gain (dB) N/A N/A N/A N/A

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

-150 dBc(2*43 dBm)

-160 dBc(2*38 dBm)

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm)

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

Connectors 7-16 7-16 N Female N Female

Temperature range (°C) -40°C to +70°C

-40°C to +70°C

Temperature gradient (°C per hour)

Relative humidity range (%)

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep) (mm) 56*250*110 56*250*110 68*74*140 68*114*140

Weight (Kg) 1.5 Kg 1.5 Kg 0.5 Kg 0.7 Kg

Fixing 2 screws(φ4 max)

2 screws(φ4 max)

IP code IP 55 IP 55

Particularity * at 824-896** at 896-960

nb Ant: 2

* at 1880 to 1990

** at 1710 to 1880

nb Ant: 2

power splitting ratio:1:3

* power dividing loss (incl. insertion

loss)

power splitting ratio:1:4

* power dividing loss (incl. insertion

loss)

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

K 79 20 69K 63 20 62 1K 63 20 62 7

K 63 20 63 1K 63 20 63 7

K 63 20 64 1K 63 20 64 7

Type of Device 4:4Power splitter

Low-LossPower Splitter

Low-LossPower Splitter

Low-LossPower Splitter

Kind of BTS

Frequency range (MHz) 890 to 960 790 to 960 790 to 960 790 to 960

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω

Table 6-21 POWER SPLITTER / POWER DIVIDER CHARACTERISTICS

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

BSD902 BSD1802 K 72 80 44 K 72 98 12

Table 6-20 POWER SPLITTER / POWER DIVIDER CHARACTERISTICS

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Page 102 PE/IRC/APP/0109 Approved 01.02/EN JULY 1999

Input power (dBm or W) 200 W each 500 W *1000 W **

500 W *1000 W **

500 W *1000 W **

Insertion loss (dB) 6.5 dB * 0.05 dB 0.05 dB 0.05 dB

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

Isolation between ports (dB) 25 dB

In-band ripple (dB)

Nominal gain (dB) N/A N/A N/A N/A

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm)

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

Connectors 7-16 Female N Female *7-16 Female**

N Female *7-16 Female**

N Female *7-16 Female**

Temperature range (°C)

Temperature gradient (°C per hour)

Relative humidity range (%)

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep) (mm) 210*160*160 210*80*80 210*80*80 210*80*80

Weight (Kg) 4 Kg 1.3 Kg 1.3 Kg 1.3 Kg

Fixing tubular mast, 60 to 320 mm dia., by non-corrosive clamp strap

Bracket for wall included.

For pipe mast use clamp

Bracket for wall included.

For pipe mast use clamp

Bracket for wall included.

For pipe mast use clamp

IP code

Particularity * first ref** second ref

nb Ant: 2In & Outdoor

* first ref** second ref

nb Ant: 3In & Outdoor

* first ref** second ref

nb Ant: 4In & Outdoor

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

K 79 20 69K 63 20 62 1K 63 20 62 7

K 63 20 63 1K 63 20 63 7

K 63 20 64 1K 63 20 64 7

Table 6-21 POWER SPLITTER / POWER DIVIDER CHARACTERISTICS

< <

<

<

<

<

<

< < < <

< < < <

>

≈ ≈ ≈ ≈

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 103

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

K 63 55 81K 63 55 8

K 63 56 81K 63 56 8

K 63 57 81K 63 57 8

K 73 73 03K 73 73 04

Type of Device Low-LossPower Splitter

Low-LossPower Splitter

Low-LossPower Splitter

Low-LossPower Splitter(multi-band)

Kind of BTS S2000

Frequency range (MHz) 1425 to 2000 1425 to 2000 1425 to 2000 800 to 2000

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω

Input power (dBm or W) 200 W *700 W **

200 W *700 W **

200 W *700 W **

200 W *700 W **

Insertion loss (dB) 0.05 dB 0.05 dB 0.05 dB 0.05 dB

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.1 1.1 1.1 1.15

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

Isolation between ports (dB)

In-band ripple (dB)

Nominal gain (dB) N/A N/A N/A N/A

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm)

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

Connectors N Female *7-16 Female**

N Female *7-16 Female**

N Female *7-16 Female**

N Female *7-16 Female**

Temperature range (°C)

Temperature gradient (°C per hour)

Relative humidity range (%)

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep) (mm) 160*82*82 160*82*82 160*82*82 294*82*82

Weight (Kg) 1.0 Kg 1.0 Kg 1.0 Kg 1.5 Kg

Fixing Bracket for wall included.

For pipe mast use clamp

Bracket for wall included.

For pipe mast use clamp

Bracket for wall included.

For pipe mast use clamp

Bracket for wall included.

For pipe mast use clamp

Table 6-22 POWER SPLITTER / POWER DIVIDER CHARACTERISTICS

<

<

<

<

<

<

<

<

< < < <

< < < <

≈ ≈ ≈ ≈

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Page 104 PE/IRC/APP/0109 Approved 01.02/EN JULY 1999

IP code

Particularity * first ref** second ref

nb Ant: 2In & Outdoor

* first ref** second ref

nb Ant: 3In & Outdoor

* first ref** second ref

nb Ant: 4In & Outdoor

* first ref** second ref

nb Ant: 2In & Outdoor

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

K 73 73 05K 73 73 06

K 73 73 07K 73 73 08

K 63 22 62 1 K 63 22 63 1

Type of Device Low-LossPower Splitter(multi-band)

Low-LossPower Splitter(multi-band)

Low-LossPower Splitter(multi-band)

Low-LossPower Splitter(multi-band)

Kind of BTS S2000 S2000

Frequency range (MHz) 800 to 2000 800 to 2000 800 to 2000 800 to 2000

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω

Input power (dBm or W) 200 W *700 W **

200 W *700 W **

100 W 100 W

Insertion loss (dB) 0.05 dB 0.05 dB 0.05 dB 0.05 dB

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.15 1.15 1.25 1.25

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

Isolation between ports (dB)

In-band ripple (dB)

Nominal gain (dB) N/A N/A N/A N/A

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm)

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

Table 6-23 POWER SPLITTER / POWER DIVIDER CHARACTERISTICS

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

K 63 55 81K 63 55 8

K 63 56 81K 63 56 8

K 63 57 81K 63 57 8

K 73 73 03K 73 73 04

Table 6-22 POWER SPLITTER / POWER DIVIDER CHARACTERISTICS

<

<

<

<

< <

< < < <

< < < <

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 105

Connectors N Female *7-16 Female**

N Female *7-16 Female**

N Female N Female

Temperature range (°C)

Temperature gradient (°C per hour)

Relative humidity range (%)

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep) (mm) 294*82*82 294*82*82 204*63*41 204*63*41

Weight (Kg) 1.5 Kg 1.5 Kg 0.6 Kg 0.6 Kg

Fixing Bracket for wall included.

For pipe mast use clamp

Bracket for wall included.

For pipe mast use clamp

IP code

Particularity * first ref** second ref

nb Ant: 3In & Outdoor

* first ref** second ref

nb Ant: 4In & Outdoor

Indoor usenb Ant: 2

Indoor usenb Ant: 3

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

K 63 22 64 1 JS6W K 73 79 65 K 73 79 66

Type of Device Low-LossPower Splitter(multi-band)

Power Splitter Low-lossPower Tapper

Low-lossPower Tapper

Kind of BTS S4000/S8000

Frequency range (MHz) 800 to 2000 1700 to 2000 1710 to 2000 1710 to 2000

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω

Input power (dBm or W) 100 W 100 W12 W (internal

dissipation)

< 700 W < 700 W

Insertion loss (dB) 0.05 dB 0.05 dB 0.05 dB

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

1.25 20 dB < 1.1 < 1.1

Table 6-24 POWER SPLITTER / POWER DIVIDER / POWER TAPPERSCHARACTERISTICS

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

K 73 73 05K 73 73 06

K 73 73 07K 73 73 08

K 63 22 62 1 K 63 22 63 1

Table 6-23 POWER SPLITTER / POWER DIVIDER CHARACTERISTICS

≈ ≈ ≈ ≈

<

< < <

<

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Page 106 PE/IRC/APP/0109 Approved 01.02/EN JULY 1999

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

20 dB

Isolation between ports (dB) 20 dB

In-band ripple (dB)

Nominal gain (dB) N/A N/A -1.8 dB 1

-4.8 dB 2-1.2 dB 1

-6.0 dB 2

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

<-140 dBc(2*40 dBm)

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm)

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

Connectors N Female N 7-16 Female 7-16 Female

Temperature range (°C) -30°C to +70°C

Temperature gradient (°C per hour)

Relative humidity range (%) <95%

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep) (mm) 204*63*41 21*42*15 215*82*82 215*82*82

Weight (Kg) 0.6 Kg 0.25 Kg 1.2 Kg 1.2 Kg

Fixing 4*φ5.4 Bracket for wall included.

For pipe mast use clamp

Bracket for wall included.

For pipe mast use clamp

IP code

Particularity Indoor usenb Ant: 4

1 input to P1 tap loss

2 input to P2 tap loss

nb Ant: 2In & Outdoor

1 input to P1 tap loss

2 input to P2 tap loss

nb Ant: 2In & Outdoor

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

K 63 22 64 1 JS6W K 73 79 65 K 73 79 66

Table 6-24 POWER SPLITTER / POWER DIVIDER / POWER TAPPERSCHARACTERISTICS

≈ ≈ ≈

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 107

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

K 73 79 67 K 63 23 60 61 K 63 23 61 01 K 63 23 61 51

Type of Device Low-lossPower Tapper

Low-lossPower Tapper

Low-lossPower Tapper

Low-lossPower Tapper

Kind of BTS

Frequency range (MHz) 1710 to 2000 800 to 2200 800 to 2200 800 to 2200

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω

Input power (dBm or W) < 700 W < 100 W < 100 W < 100 W

Insertion loss (dB) 0.05 dB < 0.05 dB < 0.05 dB < 0.05 dB

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

< 1.1 < 1.5 < 1.5 < 1.5

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

Isolation between ports (dB)

In-band ripple (dB)

Nominal gain (dB) -1.0 dB 1

-7.0 dB 2-1.0 dB 1

-7.0 dB 2-0.4 dB 1

-10.4 dB 2-0.1 dB 1

-15.1 dB 2

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm)

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

Connectors 7-16 Female N Female N Female N Female

Temperature range (°C)

Temperature gradient (°C per hour)

Relative humidity range (%)

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep) (mm) 215*82*82 244*64*25 244*64*25 244*64*25

Weight (Kg) 1.2 Kg 0.5 Kg 0.5 Kg 0.5 Kg

Fixing Bracket for wall included.

For pipe mast use clamp

Table 6-25 POWER TAPPERS CHARACTERISTICS

<

≈ ≈ ≈ ≈

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Page 108 PE/IRC/APP/0109 Approved 01.02/EN JULY 1999

IP code

Particularity 1 input to P1 tap loss

2 input to P2 tap loss

nb Ant: 2In & Outdoor

1 input to P1 tap loss

2 input to P2 tap loss

nb Ant: 2Indoor

1 input to P1 tap loss

2 input to P2 tap loss

nb Ant: 2Indoor

1 input to P1 tap loss

2 input to P2 tap loss

nb Ant: 2Indoor

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

K 63 23 60 67 K 63 23 61 07 K 63 23 61 57

Type of Device Low-lossPower Tapper

Low-lossPower Tapper

Low-lossPower Tapper

Kind of BTS

Frequency range (MHz) 800 to 2200 800 to 2200 800 to 2200

Impedance (Ω) 50 Ω 50 Ω 50 Ω

Input power (dBm or W) < 500 W < 500 W < 500 W

Insertion loss (dB) < 0.05 dB < 0.05 dB < 0.05 dB

Input return loss (dB) /VSWR

< 1.5 < 1.5 < 1.5

Output return loss (dB) /VSWR

Isolation between ports (dB)

In-band ripple (dB)

Nominal gain (dB) -1.0 dB 1

-7.0 dB 2-0.4 dB 1

-10.4 dB 2-0.1 dB 1

-15.1 dB 2

Intermodulation level (RX OR TX band) (dBm or dBc)

Input 3rd order intercept point (dBm)

Minimum rejection (MHz) (bandwidth where it is 0 dB)

Connectors 7-16 Female 7-16 Female 7-16 Female

Table 6-26 POWER TAPPER CHARACTERISTICS

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

K 73 79 67 K 63 23 60 61 K 63 23 61 01 K 63 23 61 51

Table 6-25 POWER TAPPERS CHARACTERISTICS

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 109

Temperature range (°C)

Temperature gradient (°C per hour)

Relative humidity range (%)

Dimensions (Height*Width*Deep) (mm) 244*90*50 244*90*50 244*90*50

Weight (Kg) 1.3 Kg 1.3 Kg 1.3 Kg

Fixing

IP code

Particularity 1 input to P1 tap loss

2 input to P2 tap loss

nb Ant: 2In & Outdoor

1 input to P1 tap loss

2 input to P2 tap loss

nb Ant: 2In & Outdoor

1 input to P1 tap loss

2 input to P2 tap loss

nb Ant: 2In & Outdoor

Note: The meaning of each superscript is explain in the section “particularity”

of each concerned table.

REFERENCE

K 63 23 60 67 K 63 23 61 07 K 63 23 61 57

Table 6-26 POWER TAPPER CHARACTERISTICS

≈ ≈ ≈

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6.5.2 Optical Fiber Equipment

After a comparison study between different optical fiber systems (monomode andmultimode), Nortel system is currently using the MMF optical fiber system fromLGC Wireless. This technology is implemented on some sites like in the NortelHeadquarter site, based in the site of “Frères Montgolfier” with the PicoNodeBTS.

The optical fiber system, as the other systems, has some advantages and somedrawbacks. The advantages are:

• The optical fiber introduces low loss - low noise figure for signalconversion (RF signal into light signal and light into RF signal).

• The utilization of this system is recommended for huge building (> 5 floors)and wide distribution (1 to 2 Km).

• If an MMF optical infrastructure has already been implemented, it can bereused for the LGC system.

• The LGC system has a low output power level signal (10 mW). It is anadvantage when a macro-BTS does not radiate at a high level near thebuilding.

A drawback is:

• The hardware cost is high in terms of needed devices (compared to a systemusing coaxial cables, the cost can be multiplied by 3 or 4 for the opticalfiber system, only for the devices).

• The LGC system has a low output power level signal (10 mW). It is adrawback when a macro-BTS radiates at a high level near the building.

Before implementing an optical fiber system, a very advanced level study is doneto evaluate the plus and the minus of the three main cable technologies:

• coaxial cable + antenna

• coaxial cable + leaky feeder

• LGC system.

The optical fiber system is composed of three parts which are described in “§5.9.2.2”.

The LGC equipment is shown below. See “Figure 6-4”.

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 111

Figure 6-4 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF LGC SYSTEM

Only some specifications are given by the manufacturer:

- system gain, maximum input/output RF power

Table 6-27 LGC SYSTEM GAIN, MAXIMUM INPUT/OUTPUT RF POWER

Frequency/Format

system gain(dB)

Max Composite

DL power (dBm) 1Max Composite

UL power (dBm) 2Max power into

FMH (dBm) 3

900 MHz/GSM 4 0 +6 dBm -34 dBm +6 dBm

1800 MHz/GSM 4,5 0/40 +6/+6 dBm -34/+6 dBm +6/-34 dBm

1900 MHz/GSM 4,5 0/40 +6/+6 dBm -34/+6 dBm +6/-34 dBm

• Main Hub• Up to 4 ExpansionHubs• Multimode fiber upto 1Km• +10 dBm maximuminput power for O1(900 MHz)• +7 dBm maximuminput power for O2(900 MHz)

• Expansion Hub• Supports up to 4Antenna Hubs• Distributes RF overstandard UTP/STP Cat 5(USA/Europe)

Expansion Hub

• Antenna Hub

BTS

Coax

Fibe

r

UTP or STP

UTP or STP

UTP or STP

UTP or STP

Fiber

Fiber

Fiber

Expansion Hub

Fiber Main Hub

Expansion Hub

Expansion Hub

• UTP or STP in (RJ45) up to 60 m• Loop powered via UTP or STP• Coax out (SMA)

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Page 112 PE/IRC/APP/0109 Approved 01.02/EN JULY 1999

Note: 1: Out of each RAU2: Out of FMH duplex or reverse connector3: Into FMH duplex or forward connector4: Preliminary5: Parameters are related to how the RF connection is made to theFMH by either the Simplex or Duplex connectors.

- Maximum output power per carrier versus number of carriers

Table 6-28 MAXIMUM INPUT RF POWER PER CARRIER VS NUMBER OFCARRIERS

- stacking cellular Fiber Main Hub

Number of carriersOutput power per carrier

CE 900 MHZ (dBm)Output power per carrier

CE 1800 MHZ (dBm)

1 10 10

2 4 7

3 3 5.5

4 2 4

5 1.2 3

6 1 2.5

7 0.4 2

8 0 1.5

9 -0.5 1

10 -1 1

11 -1.5 0.5

12 -1.7 0.2

13 -1.8 0

14 -2 -0.2

15 -2.3 -0.5

16 -2.5 -1

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TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXISTING COMBINERS

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COMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES GSM/BSS V12 Page 113

Table 6-29 STACKING CELLULAR FIBER MAIN HUB

Note: 1: G/L stands for Gain/Loss due to power combiner/divider loss2: loss for 7 FMHs is higher than for 8 due to availability of powercombiners

Number of Fiber Main Hub

Downlink 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 8

G/L 1 (dB)Output IP3 (dBm)Noise Figure (dB)

-3.324N/A

-5.524N/A

-6.524N/A

-8.224

N/A

-8.524N/A

-10.224N/A

-9.724N/A

Uplink 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

G/L 1 (dB)Output IP3 (dBm)Noise Figure (dB)

-3.3-2433

-5.5-2635

-6.5-2736

-8.2-2937

-8.5-2938

-10.2-3139

-9.7-3039

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TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXISTING COMBINERS

PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

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7 USE

This chapter contains the following information: the kinds of coupling systemswhich can be used depending on the configuration of the site or the kinds of DLUwhich can be used depending on the combiner implemented.

7.1 USE OF EXISTING COMBINERS IN THE CONFIGURATIONS

This part is divided into three sections:

• use of the combiner inside the BTS

• use of the combiner outside the BTS (cases when the external couplingsystem can be used)

• co-siting with other networks

7.1.1 Use of the Combiner Inside the BTS

The internal combiners of the following BTS are studied:

• S2000 BTS family

• S8000 BTS family

Depending on the kind of used BTSs, the explanations are different: for examplethe configurations of the S2000H BTS require only two kinds of HPRF, and forthe S8000 BTS several coupling systems are available (H2D, H4D, D+TX filter)depending on the configuration.

7.1.1.1 S2000 BTS Family

The 2G S2000 BTS family is composed of three* BTSs:

- S2000L

- S2000H

- e-cell (S2000P)*

* The e-cell BTS will be developed in a next release of the document.

S2000L BTS

For the S2000L BTS, the following configurations are available (see “Table7-1”):

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Table 7-1 S2000L BTS AVAILABLE CONFIGURATIONS

Note: For S2000L FP BTS (First Packaging), the LPRF module is separatedfrom the main module and for S2000L EP BTS (Enhanced Packaging)it is integrated into the main module to form the base unit.

Figure 7-1 O1 CONFIGURATION

Configurations Release

O1 (see “Figure 7-1”) V9.4

O2W/O SF (see “Figure 7-2”) V9.4

W/ SF (see “Figure 7-3”) V10.4

O4W/O SF (see “Figure 7-4”) V11.4

W/ SF (see “Figure 7-5”) V11.4

Mainmodule

O1 LNA

LNA

PA

PA

Duplexer

Duplexer

TX and RXMainantenna

RX Diversityantenna

N type connector

SMA type connector

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Figure 7-2 O2 CONFIGURATION

Mainmodule

O2 LNA

LNA

PA

PA

Duplexer

Duplexer

TX0 and

antenna

TX1 and

antenna

N type connector

SMA type connector

RXM0, RXD1

RXM1, RXD0

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Figure 7-3 O2 CONFIGURATION WITH SINGLE FEEDER

Mainmodule

O2 LNA

PA

PA

Duplexer

N type connector

SMA type connector

3 dB Hybrid

Combiner

TX0, TX1RXM0RXM1antenna

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Figure 7-4 O4 CONFIGURATION

Mainmodule

O2 LNA

LNA

PA

PA

Duplexer

Duplexer

TX0 and

antenna

TX1 and

antenna

N type connector

SMA type connector

RXM0, RXD1

RXM1, RXD0

BASECABINET

Ext.module

O2 LNA

LNA

PA

PA

Duplexer

Duplexer

TX2 and

antenna

TX3 and

antenna

N type connector

SMA type connector

RXM2, RXD3

RXM3, RXD2

EXT.CABINET

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Figure 7-5 O4 CONFIGURATION WITH SINGLE FEEDER

Mainmodule

O2 LNA

PA

PA

Duplexer

3 dB Hybrid

Combiner

TX0, TX1RXM0RXM1antenna

Ext.module

O2 LNA

PA

PA

Duplexer

N type connector

SMA type connector

3 dB Hybrid

Combiner

TX2, TX3RXM2RXM3antenna

BASECABINET

EXT.CABINET

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Two ways of implementation for the configurations are available:

• without single feeder

• with single feeder

Depending on these two ways the insertion loss are different (see “Table 7-2”).

Table 7-2 INSERTION LOSS VS. WAY OF COUPLING

The values do not take of the loss due to the cables into account.

Single FeederInsertion loss

(dB)

Yes 4 dB

No 1 dB

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S2000H BTS

The following configurations are available (see “Table 7-3”):

Table 7-3 S2000H AVAILABLE CONFIGURATIONS

All the configurations use duplexers only.

The insertion loss in the downlink path is the same than the one of the S2000LBTS without SF (see “Table 7-2”).

Configurations Release

O1 (see “Figure 7-6”)

V9.4

O1 E* V9.4

O2 (see “Figure 7-7”)

V9.4

S11 (see“Figure 7-8”)

V9.4

O4 V11.4

S22 V11.4

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Figure 7-6 O1 CONFIGURATION

Figure 7-7 O2 CONFIGURATION

LNA

LNA

PA

Duplexer

RX Filter

RXM0

RXD0

BASEUNIT

N type connector

antenna

antenna

TX0

LNA

PA

Duplexer

LNA

PA

Duplexer

BASEUNIT

RXM0

RXM1

RXD1

RXD0

N type connector

TX0

TX1

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Figure 7-8 S11 CONFIGURATION

As for the S2000L BTS, the O4 configuration is the association of two cabinets(one as base unit and the other as extension unit). Each cabinet is configured asshown in “Figure 7-8”. A cable links the two cabinets. It is the same for S22configuration.

LNA

LNA

PA

Duplexer

RX Filter

TX1 and

antenna

antenna

N type connector

RXM1

RXD1

LNA

LNA

PA

Duplexer

RX Filter

TX0 and

antenna

antenna

RXM0

RXD0

BASEUNIT

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7.1.1.2 S8000 BTS Family

The S8000 BTS family is composed of three kinds of BTS:

• S8000 Indoor

• S8000 Outdoor

• S8002

For the first two BTSs, the same configurations are available. For the S8000 BTSfamily, in some cases, up to three kinds of RF combiner modules are available:

- duplexer

- H2D

- H4D

How to choose a Combiner?

When a new network is implemented, the first wish of the operator is mostly tohave a sufficient coverage as the traffic (number of subscribers and/or use ofresource) is generally not very dense. To respond to this wish Duplexers aregenerally implemented first.The second stage of implementation is to increase the density of the presentnetwork because the traffic density increases. For this reason the number of BTSsis extended (that is of DRXs and antennas). The same type of combiners is used.The last stage is to modify the configuration in order to increase the capacity ofthe network to handle traffic. This modification is done by replacing thecombiners inside the BTS: Duplexer replaced by H2D or H4D.

Example: an operator wants to deploy a new network. The forecast input data arethe following:

- number of subscribers: 10000

- use of resource: 25 mErl/subs.

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After using tools (CT 5100) in order to design the network, it is decided toimplement 100 BTS.A year later, the operator increases his market size. Therefore he wants toincrease the density of his network. The number of subscribers increases from10000 to 20000 but the use of resource is the same. New BTSs are implementedwith the same combiners (Duplexers). It is to be noted that given the coveragepossibility of the Duplexer, the over-lapping could be too important versus theneed.Another year later, the operator multiplies his market size by two. The number ofsubscribers increases to 100000 and the use of resource to 50 mErl. It isimpossible for the operator to increase the density of the network. A solution is toupgrade the existing BTSs by increasing the number of TRXs by cell andchanging the type of combiners.

Depending on the criterion which is the most important for the operator, thecoverage or the traffic handling, the type of combiner to choose is different.

“Table 7-4” and “Table 7-5” give the ranking of combiners depending on thosecriteria.

Table 7-4 RANKING OF THE COMBINERS FOR THE BEST COVERAGE

Table 7-5 RANKING OF THE COMBINERS FOR THE BEST TRAFFICHANDLING

Other criteria can be taken into account like environment or cost ofimplementation. If the operator wants to reduce the number of antennas, thechoice of the combiner is influenced: with an H4D the number of antennas islower than with a Duplexer.

Combiner Ranking

Duplexer 1st

H2D 2nd

H4D 3rd

Combiner Ranking

H4D 1st

H2D 2nd

Duplexer 3rd

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Existing Configurations

This section presents the configurations allowed for each kind of RF combinermodule:

- H2D

- Duplexer/Duplexer+TX Filter

- H4D

- Heterogeneous coupling

Depending on the kind of RF combiner module, the insertion loss, in the transmitpath, is different (see “Table 7-6”):

Table 7-6 INSERTION LOSS (DB)

* considering 0.4 dB insertion loss in the “Duplexer/Hybrid Combiner”cable.

Depending on the configuration, the number of DRX is different and the locationof each device in the combiner rack is not the same. Two documents are used asreference: “[R28]” and “[R29]”. Three examples will be shown in this section:they come from “[R28]”.

RGSM GSM 900 GSM 1800 GSM 1900

D 1 1 1 1

H2D N/A 5* 5* 5*

H4D N/A 8.5* 8.5* 8.5*

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Configuration using H2D

The considered example is a tri-sectorial configuration with two cabinets: 2S111to 2S448. See “Table 7-7”.

Table 7-7 DEPOPULATED CONFIGURATION

BASE CABINETDRX PER SECTOR

Rack Number of the Module in the BTS

DRX/PA SPLITTER H2D

Sector 1

1 0 0,1 0,1

2 0,1 0,1 0,1

3 0,1,2 0,1 0,1

4 0,1,2,3 0,1 0,1

Sector 2

1 4 2,3 2,3

2 4,5 2,3 2,3

3 4,5,6 2,3 2,3

4 4,5,6,7 2,3 2,3

EXTENSION CABINET 1

DRX PER SECTOR

MODULE LOCATION

DRX/PA SPLITTER H2D

Sector 3

1 0 0,1 0,1

2 0,1 0,1 0,1

3 0,1,2 0,1 0,1

4 0,1,2,3 0,1 0,1

5 0,1,2,3,4 0,1,2,3 0,1,2

6 0,1,2,3,4,5 0,1,2,3 0,1,2

7 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 0,1,2,3 0,1,2,3

8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 0,1,2,3 0,1,2,3

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Configuration using duplexer only

The considered example is a tri-sectorial configuration with only one cabinet:1S111 to 1S222. See “Table 7-8”.

Table 7-8 DEPOPULATED CONFIGURATION

Some configurations can be found with a Duplexer+TX filter module. It is notconsidered as heterogeneous coupling.

Configuration using H4D

The considered example covers a large range of configurations: 1O1 to 3S888.See “Table 7-9”.

BASE CABINETDRX PER SECTOR

Rack Number of the Module in the BTS

DRX/PA SPLITTER D

Sector 11 0 0,1 0,1

2 0,1 0,1 0,1

Sector 21 3 2,3 4,5

2 3,4 2,3 4,5

Sector 31 6 4,5 6,7

2 6,7 4,5 6,7

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Table 7-9 DEPOPULATED CONFIGURATION

BASE CABINETDRX PER SECTOR

Rack Number of the Module in the BTS

DRX/PA SPLITTER H4D

Sector 1

1 0 0,1 1,2

2 0,1 0,1 1,2

3 0,1,2 0,1 1,2

4 0,1,2,3 0,1 1,2

5 0,1,2,3,4 0,1,2,3 1,2

6 0,1,2,3,4,5 0,1,2,3 1,2

7 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 0,1,2,3 1,2

8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 0,1,2,3 1,2

EXTENSION CABINET 1

DRX PER SECTOR

MODULE LOCATION

DRX/PA SPLITTER H4D

Sector 2

1 0 0,1 1,2

2 0,1 0,1 1,2

3 0,1,2 0,1 1,2

4 0,1,2,3 0,1 1,2

5 0,1,2,3,4 0,1,2,3 1,2

6 0,1,2,3,4,5 0,1,2,3 1,2

7 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 0,1,2,3 1,2

8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 0,1,2,3 1,2

EXTENSION CABINET 2

DRX PER SECTOR

MODULE LOCATION

DRX/PA SPLITTER H4D

Sector 3

1 0 0,1 1,2

2 0,1 0,1 1,2

3 0,1,2 0,1 1,2

4 0,1,2,3 0,1 1,2

5 0,1,2,3,4 0,1,2,3 1,2

6 0,1,2,3,4,5 0,1,2,3 1,2

7 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 0,1,2,3 1,2

8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 0,1,2,3 1,2

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Heterogeneous Coupling

It is applicable from V12 system release.

The heterogeneous coupling is based on the use of two or three differentcombiner modules:

• Duplexer & H2D

• H2D & H4D

• Duplexer, H2D & H4D

If there are several combiners by cell, the combiners are identical in the same cell.

The following example concerns a H2D & H4D heterogeneous coupling for someDual Band configurations: 1O1-3 to 3S5_3/5_3/5_3. See “Table 7-10”.

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Table 7-10 DEPOPULATED CONFIGURATION

Note: F1: Frequency 1F2: Frequency 2

BASE CABINET

DRX PER SECTOR

Rack Number of the Module in the BTS

DRX/PA SPLITTER H2D H4D

Sector 1 (F1)

1 0 0,1 0,1

2 0,1 0,1 0,1

3 0,1,2 0,1 0,1

4 0,1,2,3 0,1 0,1

5 0,1,2,3,4 0,1,2,3 0,1

Sector 1 (F2) 3 5,6,7 4,5 2,3

EXTENSION CABINET 1

DRX PER SECTOR

Rack Number of the Module in the BTS

DRX/PA SPLITTER H2D H4D

Sector 1 (F1)

1 0 0,1 0,1

2 0,1 0,1 0,1

3 0,1,2 0,1 0,1

4 0,1,2,3 0,1 0,1

5 0,1,2,3,4 0,1,2,3 0,1

Sector 1 (F2) 3 5,6,7 4,5 2,3

EXTENSION CABINET 2

DRX PER SECTOR

MODULE LOCATION

DRX/PA SPLITTER H2D H4D

Sector 1 (F1)

1 0 0,1 0,1

2 0,1 0,1 0,1

3 0,1,2 0,1 0,1

4 0,1,2,3 0,1 0,1

5 0,1,2,3,4 0,1,2,3 0,1

Sector 1 (F2) 3 5,6,7 4,5 2,3

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Up to now, the S8002 BTS is only available in one configuration: O2configuration from release V11. Only one coupling system can be implemented:the Duplexer module. This BTS is used only on the R-GSM frequency band.

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7.1.2 Use of the Combiners Outside of the BTS

External coupling is used when the configuration of the BTS does not correspondto the wishes of the operator or when the coverage of the site is quite complicated.The different devices listed in “§ 6” are not all currently used in external couplingsystems. This exhaustive list is given in order to increase the choice of the devicesused in external coupling.

In this section, explanations regarding the use of external coupling are provided.

Up to now most of the BTSs involved in external coupling are generally theS2000H/L and the e-cell BTS. A lot of reasons for using external coupling can beput forward:

- the environment of the cell: indoor coverage, street

- the cost of the networks

A criterion to choose an external coupler (for BTSs or antennas) is the insertionloss. The sensitivity of the antenna or the maximum transmitted power level areimposed by the GSM recommendations or the Nortel recommendations. Theintroduction of an external device must not change these different values i.e. notchange the link budget.In order to avoid a too low emitted power level, the PA output power can beincreased. By this way the power level at the antenna can be the same as the oneof a system without additional external device.Another criterion can be the intermodulation. Manufacturers give the maximumintermodulation value. Attention these values are not validated by the NortelR&D.

The problem of indoor coverage can be associated to the problem ofmulti-antenna system or Distributed Antenna System (DAS). To provide servicesto all the stories of a building a multi-antenna system is required. Several systemscan be implemented:

• multi-antennas system with coaxial cables

• LGC system

• leaky feeder with coaxial cables

The choice of a solution depends on:

- building form and size

- required capacity

- available spectrum

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- installation constraints

- reuse of existing infrastructure

- resource constraints

- cost

The coaxial cable + antenna or leaky feeder solution is more adapted to smallbuilding (3-5 stories) and small distribution distance (100 m)The LGCell (= LGC system) is quite interesting and attractive for huge buildings(> 5 stories) and huge distribution distance ( 1 km)

The advantages and drawbacks of the LGCell system are listed in “§ 6.5.2”.

The implementation of multi-antennas system is a sensitive subject. A lot ofantennas for only one (or two) BTS(s) induces insertion loss in the downlink anduplink paths. The aim is not to increase the insertion loss in the link budget.“Figure 7-9” is an example of indoor coverage networks.

Figure 7-9 INDOOR COVERAGE

BTS BBTS A

Splitter B

Feeder

Feeder Antenna

Leaky cable

Antenna

Antenna

Leaky cable

Leaky cable

Connector

Connector

Feeder

Feeder

Feeder

Feeder

Feeder

Splitter

drycolumn

drycolumn

Wing BWing A

3rd S

2nd S

1st S

Gd F

1st Gd F

Lift Lift

Load50 Ohms

Load50 Ohms

Load50 Ohms

LGC-FMHFiber

FiberFiber

Opt

ical

Fib

erO

ptic

al F

iber

Opt

ical

Fib

erO

ptic

al F

iber

Twisted pair

Feeder Feeder

Feeder

Feeder

Feeder

Feeder

Feeder

EH RAU RAU

RAU

RAURAU

RAU

RAU

SplitterSplitter

Splitter Splitter

SplitterSplitter

Splitter

EH

EH

EH

Twisted pair

Twisted pair

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In “Figure 7-9”, two different systems are implemented:

- coaxial cable + leaky feeder

- LGCell system

Depending on the in-building environment and the antenna output power, thecoverage will be estimated. Three kinds of environment can be considered:

• open cubicle offices (or high ceiling manufacturing plants)

• typical offices (mixed cubicles and closed wall offices)

• closed office building (brick wall)

The theoretical coverage is deduced from different models:

• distance dependent path loss model

• two kinds of propagation model:

- one slope propagation: in this case an exponent independent of distanceis used

- two slope model: in this case two exponents are used for distancesseparated by a breakpoint.

Another problem can be associated to the indoor coverage. It is the outsideleakage. The coverage of a building or a tunnel is quite complicated to achieve.An over-lapping between the inside network and the outside network must existin order to process the hand-over. But the area size must be optimized.

“[R74]” is a reference document. In “§ 6.5.2”, the cost notion ofimplementation is tackled. Document “[A1]” compares the differentsolutions and their costs. “[A2]” is an important applicable document.

The issue of outdoor multi-antenna system (or DAS) is quite similar to the one ofthe indoor coverage. The only difference concerns the used propagation models.With an outdoor configuration the number of antennas is lower than the one forindoor coverage. Therefore less splitters or combiners are required. The insertionloss is lower.

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7.1.3 Co-siting With Other Networks

Given the increase of sales of mobile stations, a lot of operators quarrel over themarket of telecommunications. Each operator has a specific frequency range or aspecific way of transmission (GSM, AMPS,...). A same place can be covered byseveral operators. Therefore some problems can appear in terms of perturbationsgenerated by the other networks.

Several aspects are linked to co-siting. When antennas are implemented, theiremitted power level must not disturb the surrounding antennas and inversely thesurrounding antennas must not disturb the implemented antennas. In the firstcase, a compromise has to be reached between the emitted power level of theantenna and its surroundings. In the second case, some additional devices have tobe added in order to filter or eliminate the interfering signals.Another aspect is the intermodulation between the different networks. Someharmonics of other networks can appear into the transmit or the receive band ofthe BTS. A solution is to implement specific filters between the antenna and theBTS.Some of these problems can be avoided by implementing antennas in a specificway: changing the antenna distance vertically or horizontally, etc.

Co-siting problems are determined and solved only with an on site survey. Forexample in Taipei: several sites were implemented near already existing AMPSsites. In Ukraine, the same problem appeared with a CDMA network. A filter wasimplemented on the receive path to solve the problem. The kind of filter to use(pass-band, low-pass or high-pass) depends on the problem.

Further to these problems, some engineering rules have been written: referto “[A3]”.

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7.2 ASSOCIATION DLU/TYPE OF COUPLING

This section is made to enlighten ideas regarding configurations via DLU.

7.2.1 Definition of a DLU

A DLU is a software containing all the information about the hardwareconfiguration of the BTS: such DRX is connected to such antenna via suchcoupling system. It also contains the information regarding the connected alarmboard: such device is connected to such PIN.

The DLUs depend of the type of use of the BTS: indoor or outdoor.

7.2.2 Associations

The document “[A4]” concerns hardware configuration files. This documentis in FRENCH. However the most important information is presented in tables,understandable by English speaking people. All the BTS products are gathered inthis support.

One DLU can refer to several configurations (different coupling systems,different numbers of cabinet, etc.). Regarding the CT1000 tool, due to itsconception, one DLU had to be associated to one configuration. When it is not thecase, the problem is solved by adding some input data: the number of cabinetsand the kind of coupling systems.

7.3 STATIC AND DYNAMIC CONFIGURATION MECHANISMS OF THE TRANSMISSION LEVELS OF THE BTS

7.3.1 Static Configuration

The static configuration is the configuration made through the DLU.

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7.3.2 Dynamic Configuration

The main problem comes from the dynamic configuration of the BTS. If anoperator decides to decrease the EIRP of the antenna, he can have to modify theOMC attenuation value.

Depending on the type of coupling system and its system release, the choice ofthe attenuation coming from the OSS part is different:

n If non-heterogeneous coupling is implemented, two attenuations are available:the OMC one and the DLU one. See “Figure 7-10”. Document “[A5]” gathersall information regarding this problem.The attenuation to take into account depends on the OMC attenuation value:

- If the OMC attenuation value is 0 (NULL), the DLU attenuation value istaken into account.

- If the OMC attenuation value is different from 0, the OMC attenuationvalue is taken into account.

Figure 7-10 POWER IN CABINET DESCRIPTION

OR

S

TX

translationtable

Coupling

System

OMC Attenuation

DLU Attenuation

bsTxPwrMax

Pc PrAntennaconnector

Ps

Pc bsTxPwrMax DLU/OMC Attenuation+( )=

Ps Cabinet output power=

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Page 140 PE/IRC/APP/0109 Approved 01.02/EN JULY 1999

n Since V12, heterogeneous coupling can be implemented in someconfigurations. Before V12, each implemented configuration had only onecoupling system. Information could be stored in the OMC or in the DLU. Withheterogeneous coupling the attenuation value depends on several couplingsystems. Therefore this value cannot be provided by the OMC. The only valuetaken into account is the DLU attenuation one. Currently the heterogeneouscoupling is done with two different combiners. Heterogeneous coupling withthree different coupling systems is not available yet.

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GSM Wireless NetworksCOMBINERS ENGINEERING GUIDELINES

Nortel Matra Cellular and Northern Telecom 1998

NORTEL NORTHERN TELECOM AND NORTEL MATRA CELLULAR CONFIDENTIAL: The information contained in this document is the property of Northern Telecom and/or Nortel Matra Cellular. Except as specifically authorized in writing by Northern Telecom and Nortel Matra Cellular, the holder of this document shall keep the information contained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use for evaluation, operation and maintenance purposes only.

You may not reproduce, represent, or download through any means, the information contained herein in any way or in any form without prior written consent of Northern Telecom and Nortel Matra Cellular.

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DMS, DMS SuperNode, DMS-MSC, DMS-HLR, DMS-100, are trademarks of Northern Telecom. GSM is a trademark of France Telecom.

Publication ReferencePE/IRC/APP/0109JULY 1999Printed in France

For more information, please contact:

For all countries, except USA:

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