Growth and Expansion - Your History Site American Journey/chap10.pdf · CHAPTER 10 Growth and Expansion 1790 1800 ... leading economic and military powers in the world. The American

Growth and

Expansion1790ndash1825

1793bull Eli Whitney

invents cotton gin1790bull First US Census

1807bull Robert Fulton designs

first practical steamboat

1792bull Russia invades Poland

1804bull Haiti claims independence

from France

Washington1789ndash1797

CHAPTER 10 Growth and Expansion

1790 1800 1810

Adams1797ndash1801

Jefferson1801ndash1809

Madison1809ndash1817

Why It MattersDuring the early 1800s manufacturing took on a stronger role in the American

economy During the same period people moved westward across the conti-nent in larger and larger numbers In 1823 the United States proclaimed its

dominant role in the Americas with the Monroe Doctrine

The Impact Today These developments were important factors in shaping the nation Today the

United States is one of the leading economic and military powers in the world

The American Journey Video The chapter 10 video ldquoThe One-Room Schoolhouserdquo depicts a typical school day in the nineteenth century

45400917

Monroe1817ndash1825

1819bull Florida ceded

1825bull Erie Canal completed

1815bull Battle of Waterloo

crushes Napoleon 1819bull Boliacutevar defeats Spanish forces at Boyacaacute

HISTORY

Chapter OverviewVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 10mdashChapter Overviews to pre-view chapter information

Valley of the Yosemite by Albert Bierstadt Bierstadtrsquos panoramicscenes of the American West capture the vastness of the landscape

1820 1830

1821bull Peru claims independence

from Spain

1820bull Missouri

Compromisepassed

1823bull Monroe Doctrine

issued

JQ Adams1825ndash1829

Expansion Growth

West East

Expansion Growth

West East

Step 1 Fold one sheet of paper in half from topto bottom

Step 2 Fold it in half again from side to side

Step 3 Unfold the paper once Sketch an outlineof the United States across both tabs and labelthem as shown

Step 4 Cut up the fold of the top flap only

This cut willmake two tabs

Cause-and-Effect Study Foldable Make thisfoldable to help you analyze the causes and effectsof growth in the East and expansion into the Westof the United States

Reading and Writing As you read the chapterlist causes and effects of eastern growth andwestern expansion under the appropriate tabsof your foldable

1793Eli Whitney inventsthe cotton gin

1807Congress passesEmbargo Act

1814Francis Lowell opens textileplant in Massachusetts

1816Second NationalBank is chartered

Both men and women in the early 1800s valued hard work An English journalistdescribed the farmers of Long Island in 1818 ldquoEvery man can use an axe a saw and a hammer Scarcely one who cannot do any job at rough carpentering and mend aplough and wagon rdquo Another European noted the daily activities of Americanwomen in 1823 ldquoThey take care of everything pertaining to the domestic economy for example making candles boiling soap preparing starch canning berries fruit andcucumbers baking and spinning sewing and milking the cowsrdquo

The Growth of IndustryDuring the colonial era workers were in short supply Americans learned to

develop tools that made work easier and more efficient American methods andinventions won the admiration of Europeans One observer exclaimed

ldquoThe axe here [in America] is a combination axe wedge and sledgehammerwhat an accomplished woodchopper can do with this instrument There are someamong them who can chop and split five and one-half loads of wood a day includingstacking themrdquo

Main IdeaThe rise of industry and trade led tothe growth of cities

Key TermsIndustrial Revolution capitalism capital free enterprise technologycotton gin patent factory systeminterchangeable parts

Reading StrategyOrganizing Information As you read the section re-create the dia-gram below and describe in the ovalschanges brought about by the Industrial Revolution

Read to Learnbull how the Industrial Revolution

began in the United Statesbull how the United States changed as

it became more economically independent

Section ThemeEconomic Factors The Industrial Rev-olution changed the way goods weremade

Economic Growth

Industrial Revolution

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1790 1800 1810 1820

American blacksmithearly 1800s woodcut

7256836

People working in their homes or in work-shops made cloth and most other goods Usinghand tools they produced furniture farmequipment household items and clothing

In the mid-1700s however the way goodswere made began to change These changesappeared first in Great Britain British inventorscreated machinery to perform some of the workinvolved in cloth making such as spinning Themachines ran on waterpower so British clothmakers built mills along rivers and installed themachines in these mills People left their homesand farms to work in the mills and earn wagesThe changes this system brought about were sogreat that this historic development is known asthe Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution in New EnglandThe Industrial Revolution began to take root

in the United States around 1800 appearing firstin New EnglandmdashMassachusetts Rhode IslandConnecticut Vermont and New HampshireNew Englandrsquos soil was poor and farming wasdifficult As a result people were willing to leavetheir farms to find work elsewhere Also NewEngland had many rushing rivers and streamsThese provided the waterpower necessary to runthe machinery in the new factories

New Englandrsquos geographic location alsoproved to be an advantage It was close to otherresources including coal and iron from nearbyPennsylvania New England also had manyports Through these ports passed the cotton

TextileMillThe Lowell factory systemwas designed to bringwork and workerstogether A typical Lowelltextile mill in 1830 housed4500 spindles 120 powerlooms and more than 200employees under one roofWhat type of energypowered the mills

The first steps in textile productionclean the raw cotton and turn loose cotton into crude yarn

At the weaving stage power loomsinterlace the threads into coarse cloth or fabric

Fabric is measured and batched for dyeing Vegetable dyes were the earliest known dyes

The spinning process transforms the yarn into thread

weaving looms

spinning2

clean1

dyeingdyeing4

9801031

shipped from Southern states to New Englandfactories as well as the finished cloth boundfor markets throughout the nation

Also necessary to strong industrial growthis an economic system that allows competitionto flourish with a minimum of governmentinterference The economic system of theUnited States is called capitalism Under capi-talism individuals put their capital or moneyinto a business in hopes of making a profit

Free enterprise is another term used todescribe the American economy In a systemof free enterprise people are free to buy selland produce whatever they want They canalso work wherever they wish The major ele-ments of free enterprise are competitionprofit private property and economic free-dom Business owners have the freedom toproduce the products that they think will bethe most profitable Buyers also compete tofind the best products at the lowest prices

New TechnologyWorkers waterpower location and capital

all played roles in New Englandrsquos IndustrialRevolution Yet without the invention of newmachines and technologymdashscientific discov-eries that simplify workmdashthe Industrial Rev-olution could not have taken place

Inventions such as the spinning jenny andthe water frame which spun thread and thepower loom which wove the thread into clothmade it possible to perform many steps in mak-ing cloth by machine saving time and moneyBecause these new machines ran on water-power most mills were built near rivers In1785 for the first time a steam engine providedpower for a cotton mill

In 1793 Eli Whitney of Massachusettsinvented the cotton gin a simple machine thatquickly and efficiently removed the seeds fromthe cotton fiber The cotton gin enabled oneworker to clean cotton as fast as 50 people work-ing by hand

In 1790 Congress passed a patent law to pro-tect the rights of those who developed ldquousefuland important inventionsrdquo A patent gives aninventor the sole legal right to the invention and

308 CHAPTER 10 Growth and Expansion

Cloth for manufactured goods such asshirts and sheets is produced at textile

mills (cloth factories)The mills in LowellMassachusetts drewabout 80 percent oftheir workers fromyoung women many in theirteens known asthe ldquoLowell girlsrdquo

The Lowell Girls

its profits for a certain period of time One of thefirst patents went to Jacob Perkins for a machineto make nails

Analyzing Why were the first millsin Great Britain built near rivers

New England FactoriesThe British tried to keep their new industrial

technology a secret They even passed laws pro-hibiting their machinery as well as their skilledmechanics from leaving the country However afew enterprising workers managed to slip awayto the United States

In Britain Samuel Slater had worked in a fac-tory that used machines invented by RichardArkwright for spinning cotton threads Slater

1755966

309CHAPTER 10 Growth and Expansion

MagazineThe Lowell Offering wasa magazine written forand about the mill girls

On the JobLucy Larcom started working in the mills whenshe was 11 years old She later recalled her lifeat Waltham

ldquoWe did not call ourselves ladies We did not forget that we were working girls wearingaprons suitable to our work and that therewas some danger of our becoming drudgesrdquo

Working ConditionsThe young women who worked in Low-ellrsquos mills endured difficult working con-ditions They put in long hoursmdashfromsunrise to sunsetmdashfor low wages Thevolume of the factory machinery wasearsplitting and the work was monoto-nous The women usually performedone task over and over again

memorized the design of Arkwrightrsquos machinesand slipped out of Britain in 1789 Once in theUnited States Slater took over the managementof a cotton mill in Pawtucket Rhode IslandThere he duplicated Arkwrightrsquos machinesUsing these machines the mill made cottonthread Women working in their homes wovethe thread into cloth Slaterrsquos mill marked an important step in the Industrial Revolution in America

In 1814 Francis Cabot Lowell opened a textileplant in Waltham Massachusetts The plan heimplemented went several steps beyond Slaterrsquosmill For the first time all the stages of clothmaking were performed under one roof Low-ellrsquos mill launched the factory system a systembringing manufacturing steps together in oneplace to increase efficiency The factory system

was a significant development in the way goodswere mademdashand another important part of theIndustrial Revolution

Interchangeable PartsThe inventor Eli Whitney started the use of

interchangeable parts These were identicalmachine parts that could be quickly puttogether to make a complete product Becauseall the parts were alike they could be manu-factured with less-skilled labor and they mademachine repair easier Interchangeable partsopened the way for producing many differentkinds of goods on a mass scale and for reducingthe price of the goods

Describing How did the factory system work

9278609

90degW

70degW

30degN

ATLaNTIC

Boston

New York CityPhiladelphia

Baltimore

New Orleans

MASSNY

OHIOINDILL

CONNRI

UNORGANIZEDTERR

M I C H I G A NT E R R

ARKANSASTERR

Albers Conic Equal-Areaprojection

400 kilometers

400 miles0

Less than 100000100000 ndash 500000500000 ndash 1 millionMore than 1 millionCities with 25000 or moreTerritories with unknown population

Po p u l a t i o n b y S t a t ei n 1 8 2 0

Population of the United States 1820

Agriculture ExpandsAlthough many New Englanders went to

work in factories most Americans still lived andworked on farms In the 1820s more than 65 per-cent of Americans were farmers

In the Northeast farms tended to be smalland the produce was usually marketed locallyIn the South cotton production increased dra-matically The demand for cotton had grownsteadily with the development of the textileindustries of New England and Europe South-ern plantation owners used enslaved workersto plant tend and pick the cotton The cottonginmdashwhich made it possible to clean the cottonfaster and less expensively than by handmdashencouraged the planters to raise larger cropsBetween 1790 and 1820 cotton productionsoared from 3000 to more than 300000 bales a year

Rural928

Urban72

Urban and Rural Population 1820

1800 1810 1820 1830 1840

Population Growth 1800ndash1840

Source Historical Statistics of the United States

The tremendous growth in population helped to spur the growthof industry1 Analyzing Information What states had passed one

million in population by 18202 Comparing Which state had the larger populationmdash

Missouri or Alabama

In the West agriculture also expanded South-ern farmers seeking new land moved west toplant cotton Western farmers north of the OhioRiver concentrated on raising pork and cashcrops such as corn and wheat

Describing How was the Northeastdifferent from the South in what it produced

Economic IndependenceMost new industries were financed by

small investorsmdashmerchants shopkeepers andfarmers These people invested some of their

8730066

CHAPTER 10 Growth and Expansion 311

Expository Writing Using themap and graphs on page 310create a quiz for your classmatesTrade quizzes with a classmate andanswer those questions

money in the hope of earning profits if the newbusinesses succeeded Low taxes few govern-ment regulations and competition encouragedpeople to invest in new industries

Large businesses called corporations began todevelop rapidly in the 1830s when some legalobstacles to their formation were removed Therise of these new corporations made it easier tosell stockmdashshares of ownership in a companymdashto finance improvement and development

The charter of the First Bank of the UnitedStates had expired in 1811 In 1816 Congresschartered the Second Bank of the UnitedStates also chartered for 20 years The Bankhad the power to make large loans to busi-nesses State banks and frontier people criti-cized the Bank on the grounds that it was amonopoly used by the rich and powerful fortheir own gain Those who believed in strictinterpretation of the Constitution also criti-cized it because they believed Congress did nothave the power to charter such a bank

Cities Come of AgeThe growth of factories and trade spurred the

growth of towns and cities The new industrialtowns grew quickest Many developed alongrivers and streams to take advantage of thewaterpower Older cities like New York Bostonand Baltimore also grew as centers of commerce

and trade In the West towns like PittsburghCincinnati and Louisville profited from theirlocations on major rivers As farmers in the Westshipped more and more of their products bywater these towns grew rapidly

Cities and towns looked quite different frommodern urban areas Buildings were made ofwood or brick Streets and sidewalks wereunpaved and barnyard animals often roamedfreely There were no sewers to carry waste anddirty water away so the danger of diseases suchas cholera and yellow fever was very real In1793 for example a yellow fever epidemic inPhiladelphia killed thousands of people

Fire posed another threat to cities Sparksfrom a fireplace or chimney could easily ignite awooden building and spread to others Fewtowns or cities had organized fire companiesand fires could be disastrous

Cities and towns of the period also hadadvantages however Some people left farmingbecause cities and towns offered a variety of jobsand steady wages As cities grew they addedlibraries museums and shops that wereunavailable in the countryside For many thejobs and attractions of city life outweighed anyof the dangers

Analyzing Why did cities such asPittsburgh and Louisville grow

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Use each of these terms

in a sentence that will help explainits meaning Industrial Revolutioncapital technology cotton ginpatent factory system inter-changeable parts

2 Reviewing Facts Describe the rea-sons New England was ideal for thedevelopment of factories

Reviewing Themes3 Economic Factors How did the cot-

ton gin affect cotton production

Critical Thinking4 Categorizing Information Re-create

the diagram below and describe themajor elements of the free enterprisesystem

5 Determining Cause and Effect Wasnew technology necessary for theIndustrial Revolution Explain

Analyzing Visuals6 Geography Skills Study the map and

the graphs on page 310 What do thecities shown on the map have in com-mon Which state had the larger popu-lation in 1820mdashGeorgia or Ohio

Free enterprise system

15997386

N O T E B O O K

V E R B A T I MV E R B A T I M

1790S WORD PLAY

Ahoy There

WHAT PEOPLE ARE SAYING

ldquoWe are onerdquoldquoMind your businessrdquoFIRST OFFICIAL US COIN

sayings are on the front and back of the coin minted in 1787

ldquoI die hard

but I am not

afraid to gordquoGEORGE WASHINGTONon his deathbed in 1799

ldquoMy mother and myself begged

Mr Carter not to sell this child

out of Fredg [plantation] he gave

us his word and honor that he

would not but as soon as we left

him he sold the childrdquoJAMES CARTERAfrican American slave of

Landon Carter writing around 1790 about his sister

whom he never saw again

ldquoMay the Lord bless King

George convert him and take

him to heaven as we want no

more of himrdquoREVEREND JOHN GRUBERto his Baltimore congregation

during the War of 1812

The USS Constitution the worldrsquos largest frigate or warship waslaunched in 1797 with a crew of 450 and 54 cannons Want to join thecrew First you must prove you can understand a sailorrsquos vocabulary Match each word or phrase in the first column with its original meaning

a Sailors who do wrong are disciplinedwith a cat-orsquo-nine-tails whip thatrsquos keptin a red sack

b Putting a ship in for repair

c Bartenders keep track of what sailors drink and owe by marking numbers under ldquopintsrdquo and ldquoquartsrdquo

d The course or direction boats take into the wind

e Good condition

1 Keel over

2 Try a new tack

3 Let the cat out of the bag

4 Mind your prsquos and qrsquos

5 Shipshape

answers1 b 2 d 3 a 4 c 5 e

What were peoplersquos lives like in the pastWhatmdashand whomdashwere people talking about What did they eat

What did they do for fun These two pages will give you some clues to

everyday life in the US as you step back in time with TIME Notebook

ProfileSAGOYEWATHA is the great Iroquois leader some call Red Jacket Why Because he fought with the British in the Revolutionary War Sagoyewatha means ldquoHe Causes Them to Be Awakerdquo Below is part of a speech Sagoyewatha delivered in 1805 to a group of religious leaders from Boston

ldquoBROTHERS OUR (NATIVE AMERICAN) SEATS

were once large and yours (colonists) were small You have now become a great people and we have scarcely a place left to spread our blankets You have got our country but are not satisfied you want to force your religion upon us hellip

Brothers continue to listen You say there is but one way to worship and serve the Great Spirit If there is but one religion why do you white people differ so much about ithellip

Brothers we hellip also have a religion which was given to our forefathers and has been handed down to us their children helliprdquo Sagoyewatha

14100711

30 Number of treaties that took away Native Americanland or moved their borders The treaties were between the US and the CreeksChoctaws and Chickasawsbetween 1789 and 1825

$158 millionThe price the US spent to fight the War of 1812

First Elizabeth Setonfounds the Sisters of Charity aRoman Catholic order in 1809

First Mary Kies becomes the first woman to receive a USpatent in 1809 for a method ofweaving straw with silk

$382033 Amountpaid to Paul Revere for providingthe USS Constitution with copperparts and a shiprsquos bell in 1797

45 feet Length of thedinosaur dug up by Lewis andClark on their 1804 expedition

N E W H O R I Z O N S 1 7 9 0 ndash 1 8 2 0

N U M B E R S N U M B E R SNATIVE AMERICAN L IFE

Sports StoryGEORGE CATLIN is a white man with a strong interest in Native American life This lawyer has made a name for himself as an artistpainting portraits of Native American leaders families and everydayWestern life Here he paints with words telling us about a game (one the French call lacrosse) played by Choctaw men

ldquoEACH PARTY (TEAM) HAD THEIR GOAL MADE WITH TWO UPRIGHT POSTSabout 25 feet high and six feet apart set firm in the ground with a poleacross at the top These goals were about 40 to 50 rods (660ndash825 feet)apart At a point just halfway between was another small stake drivendown where the ball was to be thrown up at the firing of a gun to bestruggled for by the players hellip who were some 600 or 700 in numbersand were (trying) to catch the ball in their sticks and throw it home and between their respective stakes hellipFor each time that the ball was passed between the stakes of either party one was counted fortheir gamehellip until the successfulparty arrived to 100 which was the limit of the game andaccomplished at an hourrsquos sunrdquo

RIGHT George Catlin painted this pic-ture of a 15-year-old Native Americangirl Her name Ka-te-qua meansldquofemale eaglerdquo

BELOW Painting by George Catlin ofChoctaw athletes playing their versionof lacrosse

US AT THE T IME

14346286

1806Congress approves funds for national road

1807Fultonrsquos Clermontsteams to Albany

1820US populationstands at 96 million

1825Erie Canal is completed

During the 1800s settlers poured into the frontier west of the Appalachians The typ-ical frontier family moved from place to place as the line of settlement pushed everwestward Their home often consisted of a three-sided shack or a log cabin with a dirtfloor and no windows or door A pile of leaves in the loft of the cabin often served as a bed Loneliness poverty and an almost primitive lifestyle were daily companions tomany frontier people

Moving WestThe first censusmdashthe official count of a populationmdashof the United States in

1790 revealed a population of nearly four million Most of the Americanscounted lived east of the Appalachian Mountains and within a few hundredmiles of the Atlantic coast

Within a few decades this changed The number of settlers heading westincreased by leaps and bounds In 1811 a Pennsylvania resident reported see-ing 236 wagons filled with people and their possessions on the road to Pitts-burgh A man in Newburgh New York counted 60 wagons rolling by in asingle day In 1820 just 30 years after the first census the population of the

Main IdeaThe huge amount of territory addedto the United States during the early1800s gave the country a large storeof natural resources and providedland for more settlers

Key Termscensus turnpike canal lock

Reading StrategyTaking Notes As you read the sec-tion re-create the diagram below anddescribe why each was important tothe nationrsquos growth

Read to Learnbull how land and water transportation

improved in the early 1800sbull how settlements in the West

affected the nationrsquos economy andpolitics

Section ThemeScience and Technology Expansionof transportation systems helped set-tlement spread westward

Westward Bound

Pioneer homestead Smoky Mountains

Significance

National Road

John Fitch

Erie Canal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1800 1810 1820 1830

9142779

United States had more than doubled to about10 million people with nearly 2 million livingwest of the Appalachians

Traveling west was not easy in the late 1790sand early 1800s The 363-mile trip from NewYork City to Buffalo could take as long as threeweeks A pioneer family heading west with awagonload of household goods faced hardshipand danger along the way

Roads and TurnpikesThe nation needed good inland roads for travel

and for the shipment of goods Private companiesbuilt many turnpikes or toll roads The fees trav-elers paid to use those roads helped to pay forconstruction Many of the roads had a base ofcrushed stone In areas where the land was oftenmuddy companies built ldquocorduroy roadsrdquo con-sisting of logs laid side by side like the ridges ofcorduroy cloth (See page 965 of the Primary Sources

Library for an account of a typical stagecoach journey)

When Ohio joined the Union in 1803 the newstate asked the federal government to build aroad to connect it with the East In 1806 Congressapproved funds for a National Road to the West

and five years later agreed on the route Becausework on the road stopped during the War of 1812the first section from Maryland to western Vir-ginia did not open until 1818 In later years theNational Road reached Ohio and continued on toVandalia Illinois Congress viewed the NationalRoad as a military necessity but it did not under-take other road-building projects

GeographyRiver Travel

River travel had definite advantages overwagon and horse travel It was far more com-fortable than travel over the bumpy roads andpioneers could load all their goods on riverbargesmdashif they were heading downstream in the direction of the current

River travel had two problems however Thefirst related to the geography of the easternUnited States Most major rivers in the regionflowed in a north-south direction not east towest where most people and goods were headedSecond traveling upstream by barge against thecurrent was extremely difficult and slow

Robert Fulton grew upin Lancaster Pennsylva-nia At an early age hecreated his own lead pen-cils and rockets Whileliving in Europe in thelate 1790s Fultondesigned and built a sub-marine called the Nautilusto be used in Francersquos war against Britain Sub-marine warfare becamecommon later

Fulton returned to theUnited States and devel-oped a steamboat enginethat was more powerfuland provided a smootherride than previousengines On August 171807 Fultonrsquos Clermontmade its first successfulrun By demonstratingthe usefulness of two-way river travel Fultonlaunched the steamboat

era Although his enginewas considered a greatsuccess trouble fol-lowed after Fultonreceived a monopolyand government moneyEventually the collapseof the monopoly led tolower prices growth of competition andintroduction of newtechnology to improvethe steamboat

13416235

Tying the Nation Together

The NationalRoad

For a large part of the early 1800s theNational Road was the nationrsquos busiest landroute to the west It stimulated trade Wag-ons hauled produce from frontier farms tothe East Coast often passing wagons filledwith staples such as sugar for the westernsettlements It also stimulated settlementFrom the day it opened the road wascrowded with people moving west theirpossessions packed into covered wagons

80degW 70degW

40degN

30degN

ATLaNTIC

EZ TRAC

W ILDERNESS RD

MOHAWKTURNPIKE

CHICAGO

TURNPIKE

CumberlandGap

BaltimoreWheeling

Indianapolis

St Louis Vandalia

200 kilometers

200 miles0

National Road

Major Roads Before the Civil War

A Road Through the WildernessAn east-to-west national road was the first major step inthe creation of a national transportation system

1752Delaware chiefNemacolinmarks path for road

1760sMilitary roadconstructed fromCumberland toFort Duquesne

1784George Washingtontravels west to studybest routes

1802Albert Gallatin pro-poses National Roadfunds to come fromfederal land sales

1805Senate considersCumberland-to-Ohio route

Steam engines were already being used inthe 1780s and 1790s to power boats in quietwaters Inventor James Rumsey equipped asmall boat on the Potomac River with a steamengine John Fitch another inventor built asteamboat that navigated the Delaware RiverNeither boat however had enough power towithstand the strong currents and winds foundin large rivers or open bodies of water

In 1802 Robert Livingston a political andbusiness leader hired Robert Fulton to developa steamboat with a powerful engine Livingston

wanted the steamboat to carry cargo and pas-sengers up the Hudson River from New YorkCity to Albany

In 1807 Fulton had his steamboat the Clermont ready for a trial Powered by a newlydesigned engine the Clermont made the 150-mile trip from New York to Albany in theunheard-of time of 32 hours Using only sailsthe trip would have taken four days

About 140-feet long and 14-feet wide the Cler-mont offered great comforts to its passengersThey could sit or stroll about on deck and at

70530914

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

By 1926 the long-distance motoristcould use transcontinental highways

for car travelOfficialStatus

FromTo Lengthin mileskm

National Road 1806 7801255

Lincoln Highway 1913 33905456

Route 40 1926 30204860

Route 66 1926 24503943

first transcontinental road for automobiles

The National Road and Other Major Highways

Cumberland MdVandalia Ill

New York CitySan Francisco

Atlantic City NJSan Francisco

ChicagoSanta Monica Calif

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40

Lincoln Highway

Route 66

American Highways

1811Construction beginsat Cumberland

1818Cumberland-to-Wheeling sectioncompleted

1825Construction inOhio begins

1833Route toColumbus Ohiocompleted

1850National Roadstops at Vandalia

night they could relax in the sleeping compart-ments below deck The engine was noisy but itspower provided a fairly smooth ride

Steamboats ushered in a new age in rivertravel They greatly improved the transport ofgoods and passengers along major inlandrivers Shipping goods became cheaper andfaster Steamboats also contributed to thegrowth of river cities like Cincinnati and St Louis

Comparing What advantages didsteamboat travel have over wagon and horse travel

CanalsAlthough steamboats represented a great

improvement in transportation their routesdepended on the existing river system Steam-boats could not effectively tie the eastern andwestern parts of the country together

In New York business and government offi-cials led by De Witt Clinton came up with a planto link New York City with the Great Lakes

5835795

ChamplainCanal

Erie Canal

PennsylvaniaCanal

Chesapeakeand Ohio Canal

James andKanawha Canal

Miamiand Erie

Ohio andErie Canal

Wabash andErie Canal

Illinois andMichigan

ash RL

Lake Superior

Lake Huron

Lake Erie

Lake Ontario

LakeChamplain

Potomac R

Philadelphia

Washington DC

Pittsburgh

Cleveland

ToledoChicago

Cincinnati

La Salle

Evansville

Richmond

Buffalo

40degN

70degW

CANADA

300 kilometers0Albers Conic Equal-Area projection

300 miles0

region They would build a canalmdashan artificialwaterwaymdashacross New York State connectingAlbany on the Hudson River with Buffalo onLake Erie

Building the Erie CanalThousands of laborers many of them Irish

immigrants worked on the construction of the363-mile Erie Canal Along the canal they builta series of locksmdashseparate compartmentswhere water levels were raised or loweredLocks provided a way to raise and lower boatsat places where canal levels changed

After more than two years of digging the ErieCanal opened on October 26 1825 Clinton boardeda barge in Buffalo and journeyed on the canal toAlbany From there he headed down the HudsonRiver to New York City As crowds cheered theofficials poured water from Lake Erie into theAtlantic The East and Midwest were joined

In its early years the canal did not allowsteamboats because their powerful engines could

In the early 1800s Americans shipped many goods alongcanals which helped to unite the country1 Location What two bodies of water did the Erie Canal

connect2 Analyzing Information About how many miles long

was the Erie Canal

damage the earthen embankments along thecanal Instead teams of mules or horses hauledthe boats and barges A two-horse team pulled a100-ton barge about 24 miles in one daymdashaston-ishingly fast compared to travel by wagon In the1840s the canal banks were reinforced to accom-modate steam tugboats pulling barges

The success of the Erie Canal led to an explo-sion in canal building By 1850 the United Stateshad more than 3600 miles of canals Canals low-ered the cost of shipping goods They broughtprosperity to the towns along their routes Per-haps most important they helped unite thegrowing country

Identifying What two cities did theErie Canal connect

Canal Mileage1850

NY and PA1757 miles

OH 792 milesIN 214 milesIL 100 milesOther states800 miles

Canals 1820ndash1860

11770561

Western SettlementAmericans moved westward in waves The

first wave began before the 1790s and led to theadmission of four new states between 1791 and1803mdashVermont Kentucky Tennessee and OhioA second wave of westward growth beganbetween 1816 and 1821 Five new western stateswere createdmdashIndiana Illinois MississippiAlabama and Missouri

The new states reflected the dramatic growthof the region west of the Appalachians Ohio forexample had only 45000 settlers in 1800 By1820 it had 581000

Pioneer families tended to settle in communi-ties along the great rivers such as the Ohio andthe Mississippi so that they could ship their cropsto market The expansion of canals which criss-crossed the land in the 1820s and 1830s allowedpeople to live farther away from the rivers

People also tended to settle with others fromtheir home communities Indiana for examplewas settled mainly by people from Kentuckyand Tennessee while Michiganrsquos pioneers camemostly from New England

Western families often gathered together forsocial events Men took part in sports such aswrestling Women met for quilting and sewingparties Both men and women participated incornhuskingsmdashgatherings where farm families

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Use the following terms

to write a short newspaper articleabout the opening of the Erie Canalturnpike canal lock

2 Reviewing Facts Describe theimprovements for transportation in the westward expansion duringthe early 1800s

Reviewing Themes3 Science and Technology How did

steam-powered boats improve rivertravel

Critical Thinking4 Drawing Conclusions How did bet-

ter transportation affect westwardexpansion

5 Comparing What forms of commu-nication and transportation linkedEast to West in the early 1800s Whatlinks exist today Re-create the dia-gram below and compare the links

Analyzing Visuals6 Geography Skills Study the infor-

mation on the National Road onpages 316 and 317 When did con-struction of the National Road beginTo what city did it extend How longwas the National Road

Geography Create a chart thatlists the major means of trans-portation that helped the UnitedStates grow Include the advan-tages and disadvantages of eachtype of transportation

Paul Bunyan and John Henry Legends have grownaround mythical figures like Paul Bunyan Imaginarystories were passed along about how this giant lumber-jack dug the Mississippi River and performed otherincredible feats Yet some of the famous characters inAmerican folklore were real people There was a JohnHenry who worked on the railroads He was an AfricanAmerican renowned for his strength and skill in drivingthe steel drills into solid rock He is best rememberedfor something that probably never happened Accord-ing to legend John Henry defeated a steel-drivingmachine but the effort killed him

Legendary Heroes

shared the work of stripping the husks fromears of corn

Life in the West did not include the conven-iences of Eastern town life but the pioneers hadnot come west to be pampered They wanted tomake a new life for themselves and their fami-lies Americarsquos population continued to spreadwestward in the years ahead

Identifying What states wereformed between 1791 and 1803

Early 1800s Today

11190672

Reading a Diagram

Social StudiesSocial Studies

Why Learn This SkillSuppose you buy a new bicycle and discover that

you must assemble the parts before you can ride it A diagram or a drawing that shows how the parts fittogether would make this job much easier

Learning the SkillTo read a diagram follow these stepsbull Read the title to find out what the diagram showsbull Read all labels carefully to clearly determine

their meaningsbull Read the legend and identify symbols and colors

used in the diagrambull Look for numbers indicating a sequence of steps

or arrows showing movement

Practicing the SkillAnalyze the diagram of the Clermont then answerthe following questions

1 What type of energy was used to power this ship

2 What was the purpose of the paddle wheels

The Clermont was about140 feet (43 m) long and14 feet (43 m) wide

The Clermont SteamboatOn August 17 1807 the Clermont steamed up the Hudson River fromNew York City on its way to Albany New York The trip took only 32hoursmdasha commercial success

Water is heated intosteam inside the boiler

The steam is releasedfrom the boiler aspressurized energywhich powered thepistons that movedthe paddle wheels

Two side paddlewheels pushed thesteamboat upriver

Applying the SkillMaking a Diagram Draw a diagram showingeither how to make macaroni and cheese or howto tie a pair of shoes Label your diagram

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder InteractiveWorkbook CD-ROM Level 1 providesinstruction and practice in key social studies skills

8144953

1816James Monroe elected president

1820Missouri Compromisepassed

1823Monroe Doctrine issued

Main IdeaAs the nation grew differences ineconomic activities and needsincreased sectionalism

Key Termssectionalism internal improve-ments American System disarma-ment demilitarize court-martial

Reading StrategyOrganizing Information As you readthe section re-create the diagrambelow and list four issues that createdsectional conflict

Read To Learnbull why sectional differences grew in

the 1820sbull what effect the Monroe Doctrine

had on foreign policy

Section ThemeIndividual Action Senators CalhounWebster and Clay represented differ-ent regions and different interests

Unity and Sectionalism

Following the War of 1812 Americans felt buoyed by a new sense of pride and faithin the United States In his Inaugural Address on March 4 1817 President James Monroe expressed this feeling of proud nationalism ldquoIf we look to the history of othernations ancient or modern we find no example of a growth so rapid so gigantic of apeople so prosperous and happyrdquo

The Era of Good FeelingsThe absence of major political divisions after the War of 1812 helped forge a

sense of national unity In the 1816 presidential election James Monroe theRepublican candidate faced almost no opposition The Federalists weakenedby doubts of their loyalty during the War of 1812 barely existed as a nationalparty Monroe won the election by an overwhelming margin

Although the Federalist Party had almost disappeared many of its programsgained support Republican president James Madison Monroersquos predecessor hadcalled for tariffs to protect industries for a national bank and for other programs

Sectional conflict

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1815 1820 1825

James Monroepocket watch

8442734

Political differences seemed to fade awaycausing a Boston newspaper to call these yearsthe Era of Good Feelings The president himselfsymbolized these good feelings

Monroe had been involved in national politicssince the American Revolution He worebreeches and powdered wigsmdasha style no longerin fashion With his sense of dignity Monroe rep-resented a united America free of political strife

Early in his presidency Monroe toured thenation No president since George Washingtonhad done this He paid his own expenses andtried to travel without an official escort Every-where Monroe went local officials greeted himand celebrated his visit

Monroe arrived in Boston the former Feder-alist stronghold in the summer of 1817 About40000 well-wishers cheered him and JohnAdams the second president invited Monroe tohis home Abigail Adams commended the newpresidentrsquos ldquounassuming mannerrdquo

Monroe did not think the demonstrationswere meant for him personally He wrote Madi-son that they revealed a ldquodesire in the body of thepeople to show their attachment to the unionrdquo

Two years later Monroe continued his tourtraveling as far south as Savannah and as farwest as Detroit In 1820 President Monroe wonreelection winning all but one electoral vote

Describing Why was this periodcalled the Era of Good Feelings

Sectionalism GrowsThe Era of Good Feelings did not last long

Regional differences soon came to the surfaceending the period of national harmony

Most Americans felt a strong allegiance to theregion where they lived They thought of them-selves as Westerners or Southerners or North-erners This sectionalism or loyalty to theirregion became more intense as differences aroseover national policies

The conflict over slavery for example hadalways simmered beneath the surface Most whiteSoutherners believed in the necessity and value ofslavery Northerners increasingly opposed it To

protect slavery Southerners stressed the impor-tance of statesrsquo rights Statesrsquo rights are providedin the Constitution Southerners believed theyhad to defend these rights against the federal gov-ernment infringing on them

The different regions also disagreed on theneed for tariffs a national bank and internalimprovements Internal improvements werefederal state and privately funded projectssuch as canals and roads to develop the nationrsquostransportation system Three powerful voicesemerged in Congress in the early 1800s asspokespersons for their regions John C Cal-houn Daniel Webster and Henry Clay

John C Calhoun John C Calhoun a planter from South Car-

olina was one of the War Hawks who had calledfor war with Great Britain in 1812 Calhounremained a nationalist for some time after thewar He favored support for internal improve-ments and developing industries and he backeda national bank At the time he believed theseprograms would benefit the South

In the 1820s however Calhounrsquos viewsstarted to change and he emerged as one of thechief supporters of state sovereignty the ideathat states have autonomous power Calhoun

Flag of 1818 By 1818 the number of states had reached 20 In AprilPresident Monroe signed a bill thatset the basic design of the flagEach newly admitted state addeda star to the field of blue The addi-tion of a new star took place on the Fourth of July following the statersquos year of entry

The Great Star Flag Congress did not state how the stars should bearranged so flagmakers used vari-ous designs The Great Star Flagplaced the stars in the form of afive-pointed star

Americarsquos Flags

20182611

36deg30N

Missouri1821

MEXICO

OregonCountry

Maine1820

MissouriCompromise Line

(36deg30 N)

500 kilometers

500 miles0

Azimuthal Equidistant projection

Webster gained fame as one of the greatestorators of his day As a United States senator hespoke eloquently in defense of the nation as awhole against sectional interests In one memo-rable speech Webster declared ldquoLiberty andUnion now and forever one and inseparablerdquo

Henry Clay Another leading War Hawk Henry Clay of

Kentucky became Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1811 and a leader who repre-sented the interests of the Western states Healso served as a member of the delegation thatnegotiated the Treaty of Ghent ending the Warof 1812 Above all Henry Clay became knownas the national leader who tried to resolve sec-tional disputes through compromise

The Missouri CompromiseSectional tension reached new heights in

1820 over the issue of admitting new states tothe Union The problem revolved around slav-ery The South wanted Missouri part of theLouisiana Purchase admitted as a slave stateNortherners wanted Missouri to be free of

After 1820 all new states north of 36deg30rsquoN were to be admittedas free states1 Region Did Missouri enter the Union as a free state or a

slave state2 Analyzing Information Was Maine a slave state or a

free state in 1820

became a strong opponent of nationalist pro-grams such as high tariffs Calhoun and otherSoutherners argued that tariffs raised the pricesthat they had to pay for the manufacturedgoods they could not produce for themselvesThey also argued that high tariffs protectedinefficient manufacturers

Daniel WebsterFirst elected to Congress in 1812 to represent

his native New Hampshire Daniel Websterlater represented Massachusetts in both theHouse and the Senate Webster began his politi-cal career as a supporter of free trade and theshipping interests of New England In timeWebster came to favor the Tariff of 1816mdashwhichprotected American industries from foreigncompetitionmdashand other policies that he thoughtwould strengthen the nation and help the North

FreeSlave

Territory

The Missouri Compromise 1820

11389193

In the mid-1800s a visit to the doctorrsquos office wasviewed with suspicion

Faced with ldquocuresrdquo that were oftenfatal people started using patent medicinesmdashthose they could buy in stores One popularremedy Snake Oil was a mixture of wintergreenand white gasoline

Today artificial hearts cameras that movethrough veins and other products have greatlyimproved Americansrsquo health

ldquoModernrdquo Medicine

slavery The issue became the subject of debatethroughout the country exposing bitterregional divisions that would plague nationalpolitics for decades

While Congress considered the Missouri ques-tion Mainemdashstill part of Massachusettsmdashalsoapplied for statehood The discussions aboutMissouri now broadened to include Maine

Some observers feared for the future of theUnion Eventually Henry Clay helped work out acompromise that preserved the balance betweenNorth and South The Missouri Compromisereached in March 1820 provided for the admis-sion of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a

free state The agreement banned slavery in theremainder of the Louisiana Territory north of the36deg30N parallel

Identifying What issue did the Mis-souri Compromise address How did the Northern andSouthern attitudes towards slavery differ

The American SystemThough he was a spokesperson for the West

Henry Clay believed his policies would benefitall sections of the nation In an 1824 speech hecalled his program the ldquoAmerican SystemrdquoThe American System included a protectivetariff a program of internal improvementsespecially the building of roads and canals tostimulate trade and a national bank to controlinflation and to lend money to build develop-ing industries

Clay believed that the three parts of his plan would work together The tariff would pro-vide the government with money to build roadsand canals Healthy businesses could use theirprofits to buy more agricultural goods from theSouth then ship these goods northward alongthe nationrsquos efficient new transportation system

Not everyone saw Clayrsquos program in suchpositive terms Former president Jeffersonbelieved the American System favored thewealthy manufacturing classes in New EnglandMany people in the South agreed with JeffersonThey saw no benefits to the South from the tar-iff or internal improvements

In the end little of Clayrsquos American Systemwent into effect Congress eventually adoptedsome internal improvements though not on thescale Clay had hoped for Congress had createdthe Second National Bank in 1816 but itremained an object of controversy

McCulloch v MarylandThe Supreme Court also became involved in

sectional and statesrsquo rights issues at this timeThe state of Maryland imposed a tax on the Bal-timore branch of the Second Bank of the UnitedStatesmdasha federal institution The Bank refusedto pay the state tax and the case McCulloch vMaryland reached the Court in 1819

PresentGenetic engineer

CHAPTER 10 Growth and Expansion324

16227286

Speaking for the Court Chief Justice JohnMarshall ruled that Maryland had no right totax the Bank because it was a federal institu-tion He argued that the Constitution and thefederal government received their authoritydirectly from the people not by way of thestate governments Those who opposed theMcCulloch decision argued that it was a ldquolooseconstructionrdquo of the Constitution which saysthat the federal government can ldquocoinrdquomoneymdashgold silver and other coinsmdashbut theConstitution does not mention paper money Inaddition the Constitutional Convention hadvoted not to give the federal government theauthority to charter corporations includingbanks (See page 998 of the Appendix for a summary of

McCulloch v Maryland)

Gibbons v OgdenAnother Supreme Court case Gibbons v

Ogden established that states could not enactlegislation that would interfere with Congres-sional power over interstate commerce TheSupreme Courtrsquos rulings strengthened thenational government They also contributed tothe debate over sectional issues People who sup-ported statesrsquo rights believed that the decisionsincreased federal power at the expense of state

power Strong nationalists welcomed the rulingsrsquosupport for national power (See page 997 of the

Appendix for a summary of Gibbons v Ogden)

Examining Why was the Courtrsquosdecision in Gibbons v Ogden significant

Foreign AffairsThe War of 1812 heightened Americansrsquo pride

in their country Abigail Adams wife of JohnAdams wrote from England to her sister back inMassachusetts

ldquoDo you know that European birds have nothalf the melody of ours Nor is their fruit half sosweet nor their flowers half so fragrant northeir manners half so pure nor their people halfso virtuousrdquo

At the same time many Americans realizedthat the United States needed peace with Britainto grow and develop It had to put differencesaside and establish a new relationship with theldquoOld Worldrdquo

English cartoonist James Gillray shows European leaderscarving up the world (above) American cartoonist DavidClaypoole Johnston portrays Andrew Jackson as a ruthlessgeneral (right) What opinions are the cartoonistsexpressing

Analyzing Political Cartoons

11154103

Relations With BritainIn the years following the War of 1812 Presi-

dent Monroe and his secretary of state JohnQuincy Adams moved to resolve long-standingdisputes with Great Britain and Spain

In 1817 in the Rush-Bagot Treaty the UnitedStates and Britain agreed to set limits on thenumber of naval vessels each could have on theGreat Lakes The treaty provided for the disar-mamentmdashthe removal of weaponsmdashalong animportant part of the border between the UnitedStates and British Canada

The second agreement with Britain the Convention of 1818 set the boundary of theLouisiana Territory between the United Statesand Canada at the 49th parallel The conven-tion created a secure and demilitarized bor-dermdasha border without armed forces ThroughAdamsrsquos efforts Americans also gained theright to settle in the Oregon Country

Relations With SpainSpain owned East Florida and also claimed

West Florida The United States contended thatWest Florida was part of the Louisiana PurchaseIn 1810 and 1812 Americans simply added partsof West Florida to Louisiana and MississippiSpain objected but took no action

In April 1818 General Andrew Jacksoninvaded Spanish East Florida seizing control oftwo Spanish forts Jackson had been ordered tostop Seminole raids on American territory fromFlorida In capturing the Spanish forts howeverJackson went beyond his instructions

Luis de Oniacutes the Spanish minister to theUnited States protested forcefully anddemanded the punishment of Jackson and hisofficers Secretary of War Calhoun said that Jack-son should be court-martialedmdashtried by a mili-tary courtmdashfor overstepping instructionsSecretary of State John Quincy Adams disagreed

GeographyAdams-Oniacutes Treaty

Although Secretary of State Adams had notauthorized Jacksonrsquos raid he did nothing to stopit Adams guessed that the Spanish did not wantwar and that they might be ready to settle the

Florida dispute He was right For the Spanishthe raid had demonstrated the military strengthof the United States

Already troubled by rebellions in Mexico andSouth America Spain signed the Adams-OniacutesTreaty in 1819 Spain gave East Florida to theUnited States and abandoned all claims to WestFlorida In return the United States gave up itsclaims to Spanish Texas and took over responsi-bility for paying the $5 million that Americancitizens claimed Spain owed them for damages

The two countries also agreed on a borderbetween the United States and Spanish posses-sions in the West The border extended north-west from the Gulf of Mexico to the 42ndparallel and then west to the Pacific giving theUnited States a large piece of territory in thePacific Northwest America had become atranscontinental power

Identifying What areas did theUnited States obtain from Spain

Latin American RepublicsWhile the Spanish were settling territorial dis-

putes with the United States they faced a seriesof challenges within their empire In the early

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

The Monroe DoctrineIn 1822 Spain had

asked France AustriaRussia and Prussiamdashthe Quadruple Alliancemdashfor help in its fightagainst revolutionaryforces in South Amer-ica The possibility ofincreased European involvement in North Amer-ica led President Monroe to take action

The president issued a statement later knownas the Monroe Doctrine on December 2 1823While the United States would not interfere withany existing European colonies in the AmericasMonroe declared it would oppose any newones North and South America ldquoare henceforthnot to be considered as subjects for future colo-nization by any European powersrdquo

In 1823 the United States did not have the mil-itary power to enforce the Monroe Doctrine TheMonroe Doctrine nevertheless became an impor-tant element in American foreign policy and hasremained so for more than 170 years (See page

988 of the Appendix for an excerpt from the Monroe Doctrine)

Evaluating How did the MonroeDoctrine affect foreign policy

1800s Spain controlled a vast colonial empirethat included what is now the southwesternUnited States Mexico and Central America andall of South America except Brazil

In the fall of 1810 a priest Miguel Hidalgo(eebull DAHLbull goh) led a rebellion against theSpanish government of Mexico Hidalgo calledfor racial equality and the redistribution of landThe Spanish defeated the revolutionary forcesand executed Hidalgo In 1821 Mexico gained itsindependence but independence did not bringsocial and economic change

Boliacutevar and San MartiacutenIndependence in South America came largely

as a result of the efforts of two men Simoacuten Boliacute-var also known as ldquothe Liberatorrdquo led themovement that won freedom for the present-day countries of Venezuela Colombia PanamaBolivia and Ecuador Joseacute de San Martiacuten suc-cessfully achieved independence for Chile andPeru By 1824 the revolutionariesrsquo military vic-tory was complete and most of South Americahad liberated itself from Spain Portugalrsquos largecolony of Brazil gained its independence peace-fully in 1822 Spainrsquos empire in the Americashad shrunk to Cuba Puerto Rico and a fewother islands in the Caribbean

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Write a short paragraph

in which you use the following keyterms sectionalism internalimprovements American Systemdisarmament demilitarize

2 Reviewing Facts Describe the dis-agreement between the North andSouth that resulted in the MissouriCompromise

Reviewing Themes3 Individual Action What action did

Daniel Webster take that shows heplaced his concerns for the nationabove his sectional interests

Critical Thinking4 Identifying Central Issues Explain

the debate involved in Gibbons vOgden and the final decision

5 Determining Cause and EffectDescribe the chain of events in LatinAmerica and Europe that led to theadoption of the Monroe DoctrineShow your answers in a diagram likethe one below

Analyzing Visuals6 Geography Skills Use the map on

to answer these questionsWhich parallel did the Missouri Com-promise line follow How many slavestates were there in 1820 Howmany free states

Art Design a flag to representeither the North South or Westduring the early 1800s Use photossymbols or mottoes that mighthave been popular with the peoplewho lived in these regions

event event eventMonroeDoctrine

HISTORY

Student Web ActivityVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 10mdashStudent Web Activitiesfor an activity on the democratic movements in the Americas

15328586

Growth and Expansion1790bull Samuel Slater builds first

cotton mill in America

1793bull Eli Whitney invents the

cotton gin

1801bull John Marshall is appointed

chief justice of the SupremeCourt

1807bull Robert Fulton builds the

Clermont

1811bull National Road is begun

1816bull James Monroe elected president

bull Second National Bank is chartered

1817bull Rush-Bagot Treaty is signed

1818bull Convention of 1818 agreement is

signed

1819bull Adams-Oniacutes Treaty is signed

bull Supreme Court rules on McCulloch vMaryland

1820bull Missouri Compromise is adopted

1823bull Monroe Doctrine is

announced

1825bull Erie Canal is opened

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper create a crossword puzzle using thefollowing terms Use the termsrsquo definitions as your cross-word clues1 Industrial Revolution 4 disarmament2 factory system 5 demilitarize3 sectionalism 6 court-martial

Reviewing Key Facts7 What problems did cities face as a result of rapid

growth during the Industrial Revolution8 How did the landscape of New England affect

how and where people lived in the late 1700s and early 1800s

9 How did canals boost the economy of the Great Lakesregion

10 How did North and South differ on the issue of tariffs11 What had happened to the Federalist Party by the

time James Monroe became president12 What was the American System13 Explain the debate involved in McCulloch v Maryland

and the final decision in the case Why was the deci-sion significant

14 Describe the provisions of the Monroe Doctrine

Critical Thinking15 Analyzing Themes Economic Factors How did the

Industrial Revolution help to make the United Statesmore economically independent in the early 1800s

16 Analyzing Themes Global Connections Why didSecretary of State John Quincy Adams allow GeneralJacksonrsquos invasion into Spanish East Florida in 1818

17 Determining Cause and Effect How did the develop-ment of roads boost the growth of the United StatesUse a diagram like the one shown to organize youranswer

Geography and History ActivityIn 1819 Spain ceded Florida to the United States in theAdams-Oniacutes Treaty The Spanish had established colonies inFlorida beginning in the 1500s Study the map and answerthe questions that follow

18 Region When was the largest portion of Florida acquiredfrom Spain

19 Location What body of water blocked further expansionof Florida to the west

20 Movement In what direction did the United Statesacquire the various parts of Florida

Practicing SkillsReading a Diagram Study the diagram of the textile mill onpage 307 Use the diagram to answer these questions21 What is the first step in the production of textiles22 At what stage does the thread become cloth23 What process turns the yarn into thread24 When would a cotton gin be necessary in this process25 Now choose one of the inventions mentioned in the

chapter Prepare a diagram that traces the developmentof that invention to a similar device in use today Forexample you might diagram the development of a mod-ern cruise ship showing all the improvements made fromstart to finish

Self-Check QuizVisit tajglencoecom and click on Chapter 10mdashSelf-Check Quizzes to prepare for the chapter test

HISTORY

Directions Choose the bestanswer to the following question

The South opposed protective tariffs for which reason

A They thought tariffs would not workB They had very little industry to protectC They thought foreign goods were betterD Their main business was smuggling

Test-Taking TipEliminate answers that do not make sense

For example it is not realistic that the main business for the entire South was smuggling Therefore answer

D cannot be correct

Standardized Test Practice

St AugustinePensacola

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

MISSISSIPPIALABAMA 80degW

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

0Albers Conic Equal-Areaprojection

Acquisition of Florida 1819

Citizenship Cooperative Activity26 Exploring Your Communityrsquos Past Working with two

other students contact a local historical society to learnabout your communityrsquos history Then interview people inyour neighborhood to learn about their roots in the com-munity Find out when their families first settled thereWrite a history of the community and give a copy of it tothe historical society

Economics Activity27 Using the Internet Research on the Internet some of the

products manufactured during the Industrial RevolutionDetermine their value to Americans in the 1800s

Alternative Assessment28 Portfolio Writing Activity Review Section 2 of the chap-

ter for information about what it was like to live in theWest in the early 1800s Record your notes in your jour-nal Use your notes to write a postcard to a frienddescribing your social life

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

The American JourneymdashIllinois Edition

Illinois Learning Standards for Social Science

How Does The American Journey Help Me Learn the Standards

How Does The American Journey Help Me Test My Knowledge of Social Science

The Illinois Constitution A Summary

Table of Contents

Previewing Your Textbook

Scavenger Hunt

How Do I Study History

The Structure of Illinois Government

Constitution Test Practice

Reading Skills Handbook

Identifying Words and Building Vocabulary

Reading for a Reason

Understanding What You Read

Thinking About Your Reading

Understanding Text Structure

Reading for Research

National Geographic Reference Atlas

United States Political

United States Physical

United States Territorial Growth

North America Physical

North America Political

Middle East PhysicalPolitical

World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography

How Do I Study Geography

How Do I Use Maps

How Does Geography Influence History

Geographic Dictionary

Be an Active Reader

Unit 1 Different Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1625

Chapter 1 The First Americans Prehistory to 1492

Section 1 Early Peoples

Section 2 Cities and Empires

Section 3 North American Peoples

Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 2 Exploring the Americas 1400ndash1625

Section 1 A Changing World

Section 2 Early Exploration

Section 3 Spain in America

Section 4 Exploring North America


Unit 2 Colonial Settlement 1587ndash1770

Chapter 3 Colonial America 1587ndash1770

Section 1 Early English Settlements

Section 2 New England Colonies

Section 3 Middle Colonies

Section 4 Southern Colonies


Chapter 4 The Colonies Grow 1607ndash1770

Section 1 Life in the Colonies

Section 2 Government Religion and Culture

Section 3 France and Britain Clash

Section 4 The French and Indian War


Unit 3 Creating a Nation 1763ndash1791

Chapter 5 Road to Independence 1763ndash1776

Section 1 Taxation Without Representation

Section 2 Building Colonial Unity

Section 3 A Call to Arms

Section 4 Moving Toward Independence

The Declaration of Independence


Chapter 6 The American Revolution 1776ndash1783

Section 1 The Early Years

Section 2 The War Continues

Section 3 The War Moves West and South

Section 4 The War Is Won


Chapter 7 A More Perfect Union 1777ndash1790

Section 1 The Articles of Confederation

Section 2 Convention and Compromise

Section 3 A New Plan of Government


Civics in Action A Citizenship Handbook

Section 1 The Constitution

Section 2 The Federal Government

Section 3 Citizens Rights and Responsibilities

Handbook Assessment

The Constitution of the United States

Unit 4 The New Republic 1789ndash1825

Chapter 8 A New Nation 1789ndash1800

Section 1 The First President

Section 2 Early Challenges

Section 3 The First Political Parties


Chapter 9 The Jefferson Era 1800ndash1816

Section 1 The Republicans Take Power

Section 2 The Louisiana Purchase

Section 3 A Time of Conflict

Section 4 The War of 1812


Chapter 10 Growth and Expansion 1790ndash1825

Section 1 Economic Growth

Section 2 Westward Bound

Section 3 Unity and Sectionalism


Unit 5 The Growing Nation 1820ndash1860

Chapter 11 The Jackson Era 1824ndash1845

Section 1 Jacksonian Democracy

Section 2 Conflicts Over Land

Section 3 Jackson and the Bank


Chapter 12 Manifest Destiny 1818ndash1853

Section 1 The Oregon Country

Section 2 Independence for Texas

Section 3 War with Mexico

Section 4 New Settlers in California and Utah


Chapter 13 North and South 1820ndash1860

Section 1 The Norths Economy

Section 2 The Norths People

Section 3 Southern Cotton Kingdom

Section 4 The Souths People


Chapter 14 The Age of Reform 1820ndash1860

Section 1 Social Reform

Section 2 The Abolitionists

Section 3 The Womens Movement


Unit 6 Civil War and Reconstruction 1846ndash1896

Chapter 15 Road to Civil War 1820ndash1861

Section 1 Slavery and the West

Section 2 A Nation Dividing

Section 3 Challenges to Slavery

Section 4 Secession and War


Chapter 16 The Civil War 1861ndash1865

Section 1 The Two Sides

Section 2 Early Years of the War

Section 3 A Call for Freedom

Section 4 Life During the Civil War

Section 5 The Way to Victory


Chapter 17 Reconstruction and Its Aftermath 1865ndash1896

Section 1 Reconstruction Plans

Section 2 Radicals in Control

Section 3 The South During Reconstruction

Section 4 Change in the South


Unit 7 Reshaping the Nation 1858ndash1914

Chapter 18 The Western Frontier 1858ndash1896

Section 1 The Mining Booms

Section 2 Ranchers and Farmers

Section 3 Native American Struggles

Section 4 Farmers in Protest


Chapter 19 The Growth of Industry 1865ndash1914

Section 1 Railroads Lead the Way

Section 2 Inventions

Section 3 An Age of Big Business

Section 4 Industrial Workers


Chapter 20 Toward an Urban America 1865ndash1914

Section 1 The New Immigrants

Section 2 Moving to the City

Section 3 A Changing Culture


Unit 8 Reform Expansion and War 1865ndash1920

Chapter 21 Progressive Reforms 1877ndash1920

Section 1 The Progressive Movement

Section 2 Women and Progressives

Section 3 Progressive Presidents

Section 4 Excluded from Reform


Chapter 22 Overseas Expansion 1865ndash1917

Section 1 Expanding Horizons

Section 2 Imperialism in the Pacific

Section 3 Spanish-American War

Section 4 Latin American Policies


Chapter 23 World War I 1914ndash1919

Section 1 War in Europe

Section 2 Americas Road to War

Section 3 Americans Join the Allies

Section 4 The War at Home

Section 5 Searching for Peace


Unit 9 Turbulent Decades 1919ndash1945

Chapter 24 The Jazz Age 1919ndash1929

Section 1 Time of Turmoil

Section 2 Desire for Normalcy

Section 3 A Booming Economy

Section 4 The Roaring Twenties


Chapter 25 The Depression and FDR 1929ndash1941

Section 1 The Great Depression

Section 2 Roosevelts New Deal

Section 3 Life During the Depression

Section 4 Effects of the New Deal


Chapter 26 World War II 1939ndash1945

Section 1 Road to War

Section 2 War Begins

Section 3 On the Home Front

Section 4 War in Europe and Africa

Section 5 War in the Pacific


Unit 10 Turning Points 1945ndash1975

Chapter 27 The Cold War Era 1945ndash1954

Section 1 Cold War Origins

Section 2 Postwar Politics

Section 3 The Korean War

Section 4 The Red Scare


Chapter 28 America in the 1950s 1953ndash1960

Section 1 Eisenhower in the White House

Section 2 1950s Prosperity

Section 3 Problems in a Time of Plenty


Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Era 1954ndash1973

Section 1 The Civil Rights Movement

Section 2 Kennedy and Johnson

Section 3 The Struggle Continues

Section 4 Other Groups Seek Rights


Chapter 30 The Vietnam Era 1960ndash1975

Section 1 Kennedys Foreign Policy

Section 2 War in Vietnam

Section 3 The Vietnam Years at Home

Section 4 Nixon and Vietnam


Unit 11 Modern America 1968ndashPresent

Chapter 31 Search for Stability 1968ndash1981

Section 1 Nixons Foreign Policy

Section 2 Nixon and Watergate

Section 3 The Carter Presidency


Chapter 32 New Challenges 1981ndashPresent

Section 1 The Reagan Presidency

Section 2 The Bush Presidency

Section 3 A New Century

Section 4 The War on Terrorism


Appendix

What Is an Appendix and How Do I Use One

Primary Sources Library

Presidents of the United States

Documents of American History

Supreme Court Case Summaries

Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index

Acknowledgements and Photo Credits

Feature Contents


Documents of Americas Heritage

More Abouthellip

What Life Was Likehellip

National Geographic Geography amp History

Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints

Technology and History

Linking Past amp Present

What Ifhellip

Hands-On History Lab Activity

TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History

Fact Fiction Folklore

Primary Source Quotes

Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks

Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition



























































































































































Activity Workbook - Student Edition

Local history activities

Activity 1 The First Americans

Activity 2 Exploring the Americas

Activity 3 Colonial America

Activity 4 The Colonies Grow

Activity 5 Road to Independence

Activity 6 The American Revolution

Activity 7 A More Perfect Union

Activity 8 A New Nation

Activity 9 The Jefferson Era

Activity 10 Growth and Expansion

Activity 11 The Jackson Era

Activity 12 Manifest Destiny

Activity 13 North and South

Activity 14 The Age of Reform

Activity 15 Road to Civil War

Activity 16 The Civil War

Activity 17 Reconstruction and Its Aftermath

Activity 18 The Western Frontier

Activity 19 The Growth of Industry

Activity 20 Toward an Urban America

Activity 21 Progressive Reforms

Activity 22 Overseas Expansion

Activity 23 World War I

Activity 24 The Jazz Age

Activity 25 The Depression and FDR

Activity 26 World War II

Activity 27 The Cold War Era

Activity 28 America in the 1950s

Activity 29 The Civil Rights Era

Activity 30 The Vietnam Era

Activity 31 Search for Stability

Activity 32 New Challenges

Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition



























































































































































Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition

Capiacutetulo 1 Los primeros habitantes de las Ameacutericas Prehistoria a 1492

Guiacutea de estudio 1-1 Los primeros pueblos

Guiacutea de estudio 1-2 Ciudades e imperios

Guiacutea de estudio 1-3 Pueblos norteamericanos

Capiacutetulo 2 La exploracioacuten de las Ameacutericas 1400ndash1625

Guiacutea de estudio 2-1 Un mundo cambiante

Guiacutea de estudio 2-2 Primeras exploraciones

Guiacutea de estudio 2-3 Espantildea en Ameacuterica

Guiacutea de estudio 2-4 Exploracioacuten de Norteameacuterica

Capiacutetulo 3 La Ameacuterica colonial 1587ndash1770

Guiacutea de estudio 3-1 Primeros asentamientos ingleses

Guiacutea de estudio 3-2 Colonias de Nueva Inglaterra

Guiacutea de estudio 3-3 Colonias del Centro

Guiacutea de estudio 3-4 Colonias del Sur

Capiacutetulo 4 El desarollo de las colonias 1607ndash1770

Guiacutea de estudio 4-1 La vida en las colonias

Guiacutea de estudio 4-2 Gobierno religioacuten y cultura

Guiacutea de estudio 4-3 Choque entre Francia e Inglaterra

Guiacutea de estudio 4-4 La guerra francesa e india

Capiacutetulo 5 El camino de la Independencia 1763ndash1776

Guiacutea de estudio 5-1 Impuestos sin representacioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 5-2 Formacioacuten de la unidad colonial

Guiacutea de estudio 5-3 Un llamado a las armas

Guiacutea de estudio 5-4 Avanzar hacia la independencia

Capiacutetulo 6 La Guerra de Independencia 1776ndash1783

Guiacutea de estudio 6-1 Los primeros antildeos

Guiacutea de estudio 6-2 La guerra continuacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 6-3 La guerra se mueve hacia el Oeste y el Sur

Guiacutea de estudio 6-4 La guerra se gana

Capiacutetulo 7 Una unioacuten maacutes perfecta 1777ndash1790

Guiacutea de estudio 7-1 Los artiacuteculos de la Confederacioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 7-2 Convencioacuten y compromiso

Guiacutea de estudio 7-3 Un nuevo plan de gobierno

Capiacutetulo 8 Una nueva Nacioacuten 1879ndash1800

Guiacutea de estudio 8-1 El primer presidente

Guiacutea de estudio 8-2 Primeros retos

Guiacutea de estudio 8-3 Los primeros partidos poliacuteticos

Capiacutetulo 9 La era de Jefferson 1800ndash1816

Guiacutea de estudio 9-1 Los republicanos toman el poder

Guiacutea de estudio 9-2 La compra de Louisiana

Guiacutea de estudio 9-3 Una eacutepoca de conflicto

Guiacutea de estudio 9-4 La guerra de 1812

Capiacutetulo 10 Crecimiento y expansioacuten 1790ndash1825

Guiacutea de estudio 10-1 Crecimiento econoacutemico

Guiacutea de estudio 10-2 Rumbo al Oeste

Guiacutea de estudio 10-3 Unidad y seccionalismo

Capiacutetulo 11 La era Jackson 1824ndash1845

Guiacutea de estudio 11-1 Democracia jacksoniana

Guiacutea de estudio 11-2 Conflictos por la tierra

Guiacutea de estudio 11-3 Jackson y el banco

Capiacutetulo 12 Destino manifiesto 1818ndash1853

Guiacutea de estudio 12-1 El paiacutes de Oregoacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 12-2 Independencia para Texas

Guiacutea de estudio 12-3 Guerra con Meacutexico

Guiacutea de estudio 12-4 Nuevos colonos en California y Utah

Capiacutetulo 13 El Norte y el Sur 1820ndash1860

Guiacutea de estudio 13-1 La economiacutea del Norte

Guiacutea de estudio 13-2 La gente del Norte

Guiacutea de estudio 13-3 El reino surentildeo del algodoacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 13-4 La gente del Sur

Capiacutetulo 14 La era de la reforma 1820ndash1860

Guiacutea de estudio 14-1 Reforma social

Guiacutea de estudio 14-2 Los abolicionistas

Guiacutea de estudio 14-3 El movimiento femenino

Capiacutetulo 15 Caminono a la Guerra Civil 1820ndash1861

Guiacutea de estudio 15-1 La esclavitud y el Oeste

Guiacutea de estudio 15-2 Una nacioacuten dividida

Guiacutea de estudio 15-3 Retos para la esclavitud

Guiacutea de estudio 15-4 Secesioacuten y guerra


Guiacutea de estudio 16-1 Los dos bandos

Guiacutea de estudio 16-2 Los primeros antildeos de la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 16-3 Un llamado a la libertad

Guiacutea de estudio 16-4 La vida durante la guerra civil

Guiacutea de estudio 16-5 El camino a la victoria

Capiacutetulo 17 La reconstruccioacuten y sus consecuencias 1865ndash1896

Guiacutea de estudio 17-1 Planes de reconstruccioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 17-2 Los radicales toman el control

Guiacutea de estudio 17-3 El Sur durante la reconstruccioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 17-4 Cambio en el Sur

Capiacutetulo 18 La frontera occidental 1858ndash1896

Guiacutea de estudio 18-1 El auge de la mineriacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 18-2 Rancheros y agricultores

Guiacutea de estudio 18-3 Luchas de los nativos americanos

Guiacutea de estudio 18-4 Protesta de los agricultores

Capiacutetulo 19 El crecimiento de la industria 1865ndash1914

Guiacutea de estudio 19-1 Los ferrocarriles ensentildean el camino

Guiacutea de estudio 19-2 Inventos

Guiacutea de estudio 19-3 Una era de grandes negocios

Guiacutea de estudio 19-4 Trabajadores industriales

Capiacutetulo 20 Hacia una Ameacuterica urbana 1865ndash1914

Guiacutea de estudio 20-1 Los nuevos inmigrantes

Guiacutea de estudio 20-2 Mudarse a la ciudad

Guiacutea de estudio 20-3 Una cultura cambiante

Capiacutetulo 21 Reformas progresistas 1877ndash1920

Guiacutea de estudio 21-1 El movimiento progresista

Guiacutea de estudio 21-2 Las mujeres y los progresistas

Guiacutea de estudio 21-3 Los presidentes progresistas

Guiacutea de estudio 21-4 Los excluidos de la reforma

Capiacutetulo 22 Expansioacuten extranjera 1865ndash1917

Guiacutea de estudio 22-1 Expansioacuten de horizontes

Guiacutea de estudio 22-2 Imperialismo en el Paciacutefico

Guiacutea de estudio 22-3 Guerra hispana-estadounidense

Guiacutea de estudio 22-4 Poliacuteticas latinoamericanas

Capiacutetulo 23 La Primera Guerra Mundial 1914ndash1919

Guiacutea de estudio 23-1 Guerra en Europa

Guiacutea de estudio 23-2 El camino de Estados Unidos hacia la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 23-3 Los estadounidenses se unen a los aliados

Guiacutea de estudio 23-4 La guerra en casa

Guiacutea de estudio 23-5 En busca de la paz

Capiacutetulo 24 La eacutepoca del jazz 1919ndash1929

Guiacutea de estudio 24-1 Tiempo de caos

Guiacutea de estudio 24-2 Deseo de normalidad

Guiacutea de estudio 24-3 Un auge de la economiacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 24-4 Los clamorosos antildeos veinte

Capiacutetulo 25 La Depresioacuten y FDR 1929ndash1941

Guiacutea de estudio 25-1 La Gran Depresioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 25-2 El Nuevo Trato de Roosevelt

Guiacutea de estudio 25-3 La vida durante la Depresioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 25-4 Efectos del Nuevo Trato

Capiacutetulo 26 La Segunda Guerra Mundial 1939ndash1945

Guiacutea de estudio 26-1 El camino hacia la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 26-2 La guerra empieza

Guiacutea de estudio 26-3 En el frente nacional

Guiacutea de estudio 26-4 Guerra en Europa y Aacutefrica

Guiacutea de estudio 26-5 Guerra en el Paciacutefico

Capiacutetulo 27 La Guerra Friacutea 1945ndash1954

Guiacutea de estudio 27-1 Oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 27-2 Poliacutetica de posguerra

Guiacutea de estudio 27-3 La Guerra de Corea

Guiacutea de estudio 27-4 La amenaza roja

Capiacutetulo 28 Estados Unidos en la deacutecada de 1950 1953ndash1960

Guiacutea de estudio 28-1 Eisenhower en la Casa Blanca

Guiacutea de estudio 28-2 Prosperidad en los antildeos cincuenta

Guiacutea de estudio 28-3 Problemas en tiempos de abundancia

Capiacutetulo 29 La era de los derechos civiles 1954ndash1973

Guiacutea de estudio 29-1 El movimiento de los derechos civiles

Guiacutea de estudio 29-2 Kennedy y Johnson

Guiacutea de estudio 29-3 La lucha continuacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 29-4 Otros grupos buscan derechos

Capiacutetulo 30 La era de Vietnam 1960ndash1975

Guiacutea de estudio 30-1 Poliacutetica extranjera de Kennedy

Guiacutea de estudio 30-2 Guerra en Vietnam

Guiacutea de estudio 30-3 Los antildeos de Vietnam en casa

Guiacutea de estudio 30-4 Nixon y Vietnam

Capiacutetulo 31 En busca de estabilidad 1968ndash1981

UnGuiacutea de estudio 31-1 Poliacutetica extranjera de Nixontitled

Guiacutea de estudio 31-2 Nixon y Watergate

Guiacutea de estudio 31-3 La presidencia de Carter

Capiacutetulo 32 Nuevos retos 1981ndashPresente

Guiacutea de estudio 32-1 La presidencia de Reagan

Guiacutea de estudio 32-2 La presidencia de Bush

Guiacutea de estudio 32-3 Un nuevo siglo

Guiacutea de estudio 32-4 La guerra contra el terrorismo

Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition

Objectives Addressed in the Activities

Workbook Overview

Preparing for a Standardized Test

Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order

Activity 2 Interpreting Charts and Tables

Activity 3 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data

Activity 4 Using the Scale of Distance on a Map

Activity 5 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact

Activity 6 Descriptive Writing About a Visual

Activity 7 Comparing and Contrasting

Activity 8 Making Inferences

Activity 9 Drawing Conclusions

Activity 10 Interpreting Diagrams

Activity 11 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships

Activity 12 Outlining Information for Writing

Activity 13 Classifying Facts and Details

Activity 14 Recognizing Point of View

Activity 15 Detecting Bias

Activity 16 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions

Activity 17 Identifying the Main Idea

Activity 18 Predicting Outcomes

Activity 19 Analyzing a Political Cartoon

Activity 20 Analyzing Statistics

Activity 21 Persuasive Writing About an Issue

Activity 22 Interpreting Primary Sources

Activity 23 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda

Activity 24 Forming Hypotheses

Activity 25 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence

Activity 26 Making Decisions

Activity 27 Writing a News Story

Activity 28 Interpreting Graphs

Activity 29 Making Generalizations

Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience

Activity 31 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem

Activity 32 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials

Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document

Search - Full available on OS X and Windows in Reader 601

Page Navigator

Exit

Monroe1817ndash1825

1819bull Florida ceded

1825bull Erie Canal completed

1815bull Battle of Waterloo

crushes Napoleon 1819bull Boliacutevar defeats Spanish forces at Boyacaacute

HISTORY

Chapter OverviewVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 10mdashChapter Overviews to pre-view chapter information

Valley of the Yosemite by Albert Bierstadt Bierstadtrsquos panoramicscenes of the American West capture the vastness of the landscape

1820 1830

1821bull Peru claims independence

from Spain

1820bull Missouri

Compromisepassed

1823bull Monroe Doctrine

issued

JQ Adams1825ndash1829

Expansion Growth

West East

Expansion Growth

West East

Step 1 Fold one sheet of paper in half from topto bottom

Step 2 Fold it in half again from side to side

Step 3 Unfold the paper once Sketch an outlineof the United States across both tabs and labelthem as shown

Step 4 Cut up the fold of the top flap only

This cut willmake two tabs

Cause-and-Effect Study Foldable Make thisfoldable to help you analyze the causes and effectsof growth in the East and expansion into the Westof the United States

Reading and Writing As you read the chapterlist causes and effects of eastern growth andwestern expansion under the appropriate tabsof your foldable

Economic Growth

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1790 1800 1810 1820

7256836

weaving looms

spinning2

clean1

dyeingdyeing4

9801031

The Lowell Girls

1755966

9278609

90degW

70degW

30degN

ATLaNTIC

Boston

Baltimore

New Orleans

MASSNY

OHIOINDILL

CONNRI

UNORGANIZEDTERR

ARKANSASTERR

400 kilometers

400 miles0

Rural928

Urban72

1800 1810 1820 1830 1840

Missouri or Alabama

8730066

15997386

N O T E B O O K

1790S WORD PLAY

Ahoy There

ldquoI die hard

but I am not

e Good condition

1 Keel over

2 Try a new tack

5 Shipshape

14100711

US AT THE T IME

14346286

Westward Bound

Significance

National Road

John Fitch

Erie Canal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1800 1810 1820 1830

9142779

13416235

The NationalRoad

80degW 70degW

40degN

30degN

ATLaNTIC

EZ TRAC

W ILDERNESS RD

MOHAWKTURNPIKE

CHICAGO

TURNPIKE

CumberlandGap

BaltimoreWheeling

Indianapolis

St Louis Vandalia

200 kilometers

200 miles0

National Road

70530914

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40 1926 30204860

Route 66 1926 24503943

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40

Lincoln Highway

Route 66

American Highways

5835795

ChamplainCanal

Erie Canal

PennsylvaniaCanal

Miamiand Erie

Ohio andErie Canal

ash RL

Lake Superior

Lake Huron

Lake Erie

Lake Ontario

LakeChamplain

Potomac R

Philadelphia

Washington DC

Pittsburgh

Cleveland

ToledoChicago

Cincinnati

La Salle

Evansville

Richmond

Buffalo

40degN

70degW

CANADA

300 miles0

was the Erie Canal

Canal Mileage1850

NY and PA1757 miles

11770561

Legendary Heroes

Early 1800s Today

11190672

Reading a Diagram

8144953

Sectional conflict

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1815 1820 1825

8442734

Americarsquos Flags

20182611

36deg30N

Missouri1821

MEXICO

OregonCountry

Maine1820

(36deg30 N)

500 kilometers

500 miles0

free state in 1820

FreeSlave

Territory

11389193

16227286

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Economic Growth

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1790 1800 1810 1820

7256836

weaving looms

spinning2

clean1

dyeingdyeing4

9801031

The Lowell Girls

1755966

9278609

90degW

70degW

30degN

ATLaNTIC

Boston

Baltimore

New Orleans

MASSNY

OHIOINDILL

CONNRI

UNORGANIZEDTERR

ARKANSASTERR

400 kilometers

400 miles0

Rural928

Urban72

1800 1810 1820 1830 1840

Missouri or Alabama

8730066

15997386

N O T E B O O K

1790S WORD PLAY

Ahoy There

ldquoI die hard

but I am not

e Good condition

1 Keel over

2 Try a new tack

5 Shipshape

14100711

US AT THE T IME

14346286

Westward Bound

Significance

National Road

John Fitch

Erie Canal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1800 1810 1820 1830

9142779

13416235

The NationalRoad

80degW 70degW

40degN

30degN

ATLaNTIC

EZ TRAC

W ILDERNESS RD

MOHAWKTURNPIKE

CHICAGO

TURNPIKE

CumberlandGap

BaltimoreWheeling

Indianapolis

St Louis Vandalia

200 kilometers

200 miles0

National Road

70530914

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40 1926 30204860

Route 66 1926 24503943

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40

Lincoln Highway

Route 66

American Highways

5835795

ChamplainCanal

Erie Canal

PennsylvaniaCanal

Miamiand Erie

Ohio andErie Canal

ash RL

Lake Superior

Lake Huron

Lake Erie

Lake Ontario

LakeChamplain

Potomac R

Philadelphia

Washington DC

Pittsburgh

Cleveland

ToledoChicago

Cincinnati

La Salle

Evansville

Richmond

Buffalo

40degN

70degW

CANADA

300 miles0

was the Erie Canal

Canal Mileage1850

NY and PA1757 miles

11770561

Legendary Heroes

Early 1800s Today

11190672

Reading a Diagram

8144953

Sectional conflict

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1815 1820 1825

8442734

Americarsquos Flags

20182611

36deg30N

Missouri1821

MEXICO

OregonCountry

Maine1820

(36deg30 N)

500 kilometers

500 miles0

free state in 1820

FreeSlave

Territory

11389193

16227286

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

weaving looms

spinning2

clean1

dyeingdyeing4

9801031

The Lowell Girls

1755966

9278609

90degW

70degW

30degN

ATLaNTIC

Boston

Baltimore

New Orleans

MASSNY

OHIOINDILL

CONNRI

UNORGANIZEDTERR

ARKANSASTERR

400 kilometers

400 miles0

Rural928

Urban72

1800 1810 1820 1830 1840

Missouri or Alabama

8730066

15997386

N O T E B O O K

1790S WORD PLAY

Ahoy There

ldquoI die hard

but I am not

e Good condition

1 Keel over

2 Try a new tack

5 Shipshape

14100711

US AT THE T IME

14346286

Westward Bound

Significance

National Road

John Fitch

Erie Canal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1800 1810 1820 1830

9142779

13416235

The NationalRoad

80degW 70degW

40degN

30degN

ATLaNTIC

EZ TRAC

W ILDERNESS RD

MOHAWKTURNPIKE

CHICAGO

TURNPIKE

CumberlandGap

BaltimoreWheeling

Indianapolis

St Louis Vandalia

200 kilometers

200 miles0

National Road

70530914

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40 1926 30204860

Route 66 1926 24503943

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40

Lincoln Highway

Route 66

American Highways

5835795

ChamplainCanal

Erie Canal

PennsylvaniaCanal

Miamiand Erie

Ohio andErie Canal

ash RL

Lake Superior

Lake Huron

Lake Erie

Lake Ontario

LakeChamplain

Potomac R

Philadelphia

Washington DC

Pittsburgh

Cleveland

ToledoChicago

Cincinnati

La Salle

Evansville

Richmond

Buffalo

40degN

70degW

CANADA

300 miles0

was the Erie Canal

Canal Mileage1850

NY and PA1757 miles

11770561

Legendary Heroes

Early 1800s Today

11190672

Reading a Diagram

8144953

Sectional conflict

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1815 1820 1825

8442734

Americarsquos Flags

20182611

36deg30N

Missouri1821

MEXICO

OregonCountry

Maine1820

(36deg30 N)

500 kilometers

500 miles0

free state in 1820

FreeSlave

Territory

11389193

16227286

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

The Lowell Girls

1755966

9278609

90degW

70degW

30degN

ATLaNTIC

Boston

Baltimore

New Orleans

MASSNY

OHIOINDILL

CONNRI

UNORGANIZEDTERR

ARKANSASTERR

400 kilometers

400 miles0

Rural928

Urban72

1800 1810 1820 1830 1840

Missouri or Alabama

8730066

15997386

N O T E B O O K

1790S WORD PLAY

Ahoy There

ldquoI die hard

but I am not

e Good condition

1 Keel over

2 Try a new tack

5 Shipshape

14100711

US AT THE T IME

14346286

Westward Bound

Significance

National Road

John Fitch

Erie Canal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1800 1810 1820 1830

9142779

13416235

The NationalRoad

80degW 70degW

40degN

30degN

ATLaNTIC

EZ TRAC

W ILDERNESS RD

MOHAWKTURNPIKE

CHICAGO

TURNPIKE

CumberlandGap

BaltimoreWheeling

Indianapolis

St Louis Vandalia

200 kilometers

200 miles0

National Road

70530914

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40 1926 30204860

Route 66 1926 24503943

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40

Lincoln Highway

Route 66

American Highways

5835795

ChamplainCanal

Erie Canal

PennsylvaniaCanal

Miamiand Erie

Ohio andErie Canal

ash RL

Lake Superior

Lake Huron

Lake Erie

Lake Ontario

LakeChamplain

Potomac R

Philadelphia

Washington DC

Pittsburgh

Cleveland

ToledoChicago

Cincinnati

La Salle

Evansville

Richmond

Buffalo

40degN

70degW

CANADA

300 miles0

was the Erie Canal

Canal Mileage1850

NY and PA1757 miles

11770561

Legendary Heroes

Early 1800s Today

11190672

Reading a Diagram

8144953

Sectional conflict

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1815 1820 1825

8442734

Americarsquos Flags

20182611

36deg30N

Missouri1821

MEXICO

OregonCountry

Maine1820

(36deg30 N)

500 kilometers

500 miles0

free state in 1820

FreeSlave

Territory

11389193

16227286

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

9278609

90degW

70degW

30degN

ATLaNTIC

Boston

Baltimore

New Orleans

MASSNY

OHIOINDILL

CONNRI

UNORGANIZEDTERR

ARKANSASTERR

400 kilometers

400 miles0

Rural928

Urban72

1800 1810 1820 1830 1840

Missouri or Alabama

8730066

15997386

N O T E B O O K

1790S WORD PLAY

Ahoy There

ldquoI die hard

but I am not

e Good condition

1 Keel over

2 Try a new tack

5 Shipshape

14100711

US AT THE T IME

14346286

Westward Bound

Significance

National Road

John Fitch

Erie Canal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1800 1810 1820 1830

9142779

13416235

The NationalRoad

80degW 70degW

40degN

30degN

ATLaNTIC

EZ TRAC

W ILDERNESS RD

MOHAWKTURNPIKE

CHICAGO

TURNPIKE

CumberlandGap

BaltimoreWheeling

Indianapolis

St Louis Vandalia

200 kilometers

200 miles0

National Road

70530914

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40 1926 30204860

Route 66 1926 24503943

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40

Lincoln Highway

Route 66

American Highways

5835795

ChamplainCanal

Erie Canal

PennsylvaniaCanal

Miamiand Erie

Ohio andErie Canal

ash RL

Lake Superior

Lake Huron

Lake Erie

Lake Ontario

LakeChamplain

Potomac R

Philadelphia

Washington DC

Pittsburgh

Cleveland

ToledoChicago

Cincinnati

La Salle

Evansville

Richmond

Buffalo

40degN

70degW

CANADA

300 miles0

was the Erie Canal

Canal Mileage1850

NY and PA1757 miles

11770561

Legendary Heroes

Early 1800s Today

11190672

Reading a Diagram

8144953

Sectional conflict

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1815 1820 1825

8442734

Americarsquos Flags

20182611

36deg30N

Missouri1821

MEXICO

OregonCountry

Maine1820

(36deg30 N)

500 kilometers

500 miles0

free state in 1820

FreeSlave

Territory

11389193

16227286

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

90degW

70degW

30degN

ATLaNTIC

Boston

Baltimore

New Orleans

MASSNY

OHIOINDILL

CONNRI

UNORGANIZEDTERR

ARKANSASTERR

400 kilometers

400 miles0

Rural928

Urban72

1800 1810 1820 1830 1840

Missouri or Alabama

8730066

15997386

N O T E B O O K

1790S WORD PLAY

Ahoy There

ldquoI die hard

but I am not

e Good condition

1 Keel over

2 Try a new tack

5 Shipshape

14100711

US AT THE T IME

14346286

Westward Bound

Significance

National Road

John Fitch

Erie Canal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1800 1810 1820 1830

9142779

13416235

The NationalRoad

80degW 70degW

40degN

30degN

ATLaNTIC

EZ TRAC

W ILDERNESS RD

MOHAWKTURNPIKE

CHICAGO

TURNPIKE

CumberlandGap

BaltimoreWheeling

Indianapolis

St Louis Vandalia

200 kilometers

200 miles0

National Road

70530914

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40 1926 30204860

Route 66 1926 24503943

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40

Lincoln Highway

Route 66

American Highways

5835795

ChamplainCanal

Erie Canal

PennsylvaniaCanal

Miamiand Erie

Ohio andErie Canal

ash RL

Lake Superior

Lake Huron

Lake Erie

Lake Ontario

LakeChamplain

Potomac R

Philadelphia

Washington DC

Pittsburgh

Cleveland

ToledoChicago

Cincinnati

La Salle

Evansville

Richmond

Buffalo

40degN

70degW

CANADA

300 miles0

was the Erie Canal

Canal Mileage1850

NY and PA1757 miles

11770561

Legendary Heroes

Early 1800s Today

11190672

Reading a Diagram

8144953

Sectional conflict

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1815 1820 1825

8442734

Americarsquos Flags

20182611

36deg30N

Missouri1821

MEXICO

OregonCountry

Maine1820

(36deg30 N)

500 kilometers

500 miles0

free state in 1820

FreeSlave

Territory

11389193

16227286

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

15997386

N O T E B O O K

1790S WORD PLAY

Ahoy There

ldquoI die hard

but I am not

e Good condition

1 Keel over

2 Try a new tack

5 Shipshape

14100711

US AT THE T IME

14346286

Westward Bound

Significance

National Road

John Fitch

Erie Canal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1800 1810 1820 1830

9142779

13416235

The NationalRoad

80degW 70degW

40degN

30degN

ATLaNTIC

EZ TRAC

W ILDERNESS RD

MOHAWKTURNPIKE

CHICAGO

TURNPIKE

CumberlandGap

BaltimoreWheeling

Indianapolis

St Louis Vandalia

200 kilometers

200 miles0

National Road

70530914

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40 1926 30204860

Route 66 1926 24503943

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40

Lincoln Highway

Route 66

American Highways

5835795

ChamplainCanal

Erie Canal

PennsylvaniaCanal

Miamiand Erie

Ohio andErie Canal

ash RL

Lake Superior

Lake Huron

Lake Erie

Lake Ontario

LakeChamplain

Potomac R

Philadelphia

Washington DC

Pittsburgh

Cleveland

ToledoChicago

Cincinnati

La Salle

Evansville

Richmond

Buffalo

40degN

70degW

CANADA

300 miles0

was the Erie Canal

Canal Mileage1850

NY and PA1757 miles

11770561

Legendary Heroes

Early 1800s Today

11190672

Reading a Diagram

8144953

Sectional conflict

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1815 1820 1825

8442734

Americarsquos Flags

20182611

36deg30N

Missouri1821

MEXICO

OregonCountry

Maine1820

(36deg30 N)

500 kilometers

500 miles0

free state in 1820

FreeSlave

Territory

11389193

16227286

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

N O T E B O O K

1790S WORD PLAY

Ahoy There

ldquoI die hard

but I am not

e Good condition

1 Keel over

2 Try a new tack

5 Shipshape

14100711

US AT THE T IME

14346286

Westward Bound

Significance

National Road

John Fitch

Erie Canal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1800 1810 1820 1830

9142779

13416235

The NationalRoad

80degW 70degW

40degN

30degN

ATLaNTIC

EZ TRAC

W ILDERNESS RD

MOHAWKTURNPIKE

CHICAGO

TURNPIKE

CumberlandGap

BaltimoreWheeling

Indianapolis

St Louis Vandalia

200 kilometers

200 miles0

National Road

70530914

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40 1926 30204860

Route 66 1926 24503943

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40

Lincoln Highway

Route 66

American Highways

5835795

ChamplainCanal

Erie Canal

PennsylvaniaCanal

Miamiand Erie

Ohio andErie Canal

ash RL

Lake Superior

Lake Huron

Lake Erie

Lake Ontario

LakeChamplain

Potomac R

Philadelphia

Washington DC

Pittsburgh

Cleveland

ToledoChicago

Cincinnati

La Salle

Evansville

Richmond

Buffalo

40degN

70degW

CANADA

300 miles0

was the Erie Canal

Canal Mileage1850

NY and PA1757 miles

11770561

Legendary Heroes

Early 1800s Today

11190672

Reading a Diagram

8144953

Sectional conflict

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1815 1820 1825

8442734

Americarsquos Flags

20182611

36deg30N

Missouri1821

MEXICO

OregonCountry

Maine1820

(36deg30 N)

500 kilometers

500 miles0

free state in 1820

FreeSlave

Territory

11389193

16227286

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

US AT THE T IME

14346286

Westward Bound

Significance

National Road

John Fitch

Erie Canal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1800 1810 1820 1830

9142779

13416235

The NationalRoad

80degW 70degW

40degN

30degN

ATLaNTIC

EZ TRAC

W ILDERNESS RD

MOHAWKTURNPIKE

CHICAGO

TURNPIKE

CumberlandGap

BaltimoreWheeling

Indianapolis

St Louis Vandalia

200 kilometers

200 miles0

National Road

70530914

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40 1926 30204860

Route 66 1926 24503943

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40

Lincoln Highway

Route 66

American Highways

5835795

ChamplainCanal

Erie Canal

PennsylvaniaCanal

Miamiand Erie

Ohio andErie Canal

ash RL

Lake Superior

Lake Huron

Lake Erie

Lake Ontario

LakeChamplain

Potomac R

Philadelphia

Washington DC

Pittsburgh

Cleveland

ToledoChicago

Cincinnati

La Salle

Evansville

Richmond

Buffalo

40degN

70degW

CANADA

300 miles0

was the Erie Canal

Canal Mileage1850

NY and PA1757 miles

11770561

Legendary Heroes

Early 1800s Today

11190672

Reading a Diagram

8144953

Sectional conflict

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1815 1820 1825

8442734

Americarsquos Flags

20182611

36deg30N

Missouri1821

MEXICO

OregonCountry

Maine1820

(36deg30 N)

500 kilometers

500 miles0

free state in 1820

FreeSlave

Territory

11389193

16227286

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Westward Bound

Significance

National Road

John Fitch

Erie Canal

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1800 1810 1820 1830

9142779

13416235

The NationalRoad

80degW 70degW

40degN

30degN

ATLaNTIC

EZ TRAC

W ILDERNESS RD

MOHAWKTURNPIKE

CHICAGO

TURNPIKE

CumberlandGap

BaltimoreWheeling

Indianapolis

St Louis Vandalia

200 kilometers

200 miles0

National Road

70530914

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40 1926 30204860

Route 66 1926 24503943

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40

Lincoln Highway

Route 66

American Highways

5835795

ChamplainCanal

Erie Canal

PennsylvaniaCanal

Miamiand Erie

Ohio andErie Canal

ash RL

Lake Superior

Lake Huron

Lake Erie

Lake Ontario

LakeChamplain

Potomac R

Philadelphia

Washington DC

Pittsburgh

Cleveland

ToledoChicago

Cincinnati

La Salle

Evansville

Richmond

Buffalo

40degN

70degW

CANADA

300 miles0

was the Erie Canal

Canal Mileage1850

NY and PA1757 miles

11770561

Legendary Heroes

Early 1800s Today

11190672

Reading a Diagram

8144953

Sectional conflict

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1815 1820 1825

8442734

Americarsquos Flags

20182611

36deg30N

Missouri1821

MEXICO

OregonCountry

Maine1820

(36deg30 N)

500 kilometers

500 miles0

free state in 1820

FreeSlave

Territory

11389193

16227286

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

13416235

The NationalRoad

80degW 70degW

40degN

30degN

ATLaNTIC

EZ TRAC

W ILDERNESS RD

MOHAWKTURNPIKE

CHICAGO

TURNPIKE

CumberlandGap

BaltimoreWheeling

Indianapolis

St Louis Vandalia

200 kilometers

200 miles0

National Road

70530914

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40 1926 30204860

Route 66 1926 24503943

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40

Lincoln Highway

Route 66

American Highways

5835795

ChamplainCanal

Erie Canal

PennsylvaniaCanal

Miamiand Erie

Ohio andErie Canal

ash RL

Lake Superior

Lake Huron

Lake Erie

Lake Ontario

LakeChamplain

Potomac R

Philadelphia

Washington DC

Pittsburgh

Cleveland

ToledoChicago

Cincinnati

La Salle

Evansville

Richmond

Buffalo

40degN

70degW

CANADA

300 miles0

was the Erie Canal

Canal Mileage1850

NY and PA1757 miles

11770561

Legendary Heroes

Early 1800s Today

11190672

Reading a Diagram

8144953

Sectional conflict

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1815 1820 1825

8442734

Americarsquos Flags

20182611

36deg30N

Missouri1821

MEXICO

OregonCountry

Maine1820

(36deg30 N)

500 kilometers

500 miles0

free state in 1820

FreeSlave

Territory

11389193

16227286

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

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The NationalRoad

80degW 70degW

40degN

30degN

ATLaNTIC

EZ TRAC

W ILDERNESS RD

MOHAWKTURNPIKE

CHICAGO

TURNPIKE

CumberlandGap

BaltimoreWheeling

Indianapolis

St Louis Vandalia

200 kilometers

200 miles0

National Road

70530914

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40 1926 30204860

Route 66 1926 24503943

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40

Lincoln Highway

Route 66

American Highways

5835795

ChamplainCanal

Erie Canal

PennsylvaniaCanal

Miamiand Erie

Ohio andErie Canal

ash RL

Lake Superior

Lake Huron

Lake Erie

Lake Ontario

LakeChamplain

Potomac R

Philadelphia

Washington DC

Pittsburgh

Cleveland

ToledoChicago

Cincinnati

La Salle

Evansville

Richmond

Buffalo

40degN

70degW

CANADA

300 miles0

was the Erie Canal

Canal Mileage1850

NY and PA1757 miles

11770561

Legendary Heroes

Early 1800s Today

11190672

Reading a Diagram

8144953

Sectional conflict

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1815 1820 1825

8442734

Americarsquos Flags

20182611

36deg30N

Missouri1821

MEXICO

OregonCountry

Maine1820

(36deg30 N)

500 kilometers

500 miles0

free state in 1820

FreeSlave

Territory

11389193

16227286

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

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CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40 1926 30204860

Route 66 1926 24503943

CALIFNEV UTAH

COLODELILL IND

NEBRNJ

N MEX OKLA

Route 40

Lincoln Highway

Route 66

American Highways

5835795

ChamplainCanal

Erie Canal

PennsylvaniaCanal

Miamiand Erie

Ohio andErie Canal

ash RL

Lake Superior

Lake Huron

Lake Erie

Lake Ontario

LakeChamplain

Potomac R

Philadelphia

Washington DC

Pittsburgh

Cleveland

ToledoChicago

Cincinnati

La Salle

Evansville

Richmond

Buffalo

40degN

70degW

CANADA

300 miles0

was the Erie Canal

Canal Mileage1850

NY and PA1757 miles

11770561

Legendary Heroes

Early 1800s Today

11190672

Reading a Diagram

8144953

Sectional conflict

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1815 1820 1825

8442734

Americarsquos Flags

20182611

36deg30N

Missouri1821

MEXICO

OregonCountry

Maine1820

(36deg30 N)

500 kilometers

500 miles0

free state in 1820

FreeSlave

Territory

11389193

16227286

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

ChamplainCanal

Erie Canal

PennsylvaniaCanal

Miamiand Erie

Ohio andErie Canal

ash RL

Lake Superior

Lake Huron

Lake Erie

Lake Ontario

LakeChamplain

Potomac R

Philadelphia

Washington DC

Pittsburgh

Cleveland

ToledoChicago

Cincinnati

La Salle

Evansville

Richmond

Buffalo

40degN

70degW

CANADA

300 miles0

was the Erie Canal

Canal Mileage1850

NY and PA1757 miles

11770561

Legendary Heroes

Early 1800s Today

11190672

Reading a Diagram

8144953

Sectional conflict

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1815 1820 1825

8442734

Americarsquos Flags

20182611

36deg30N

Missouri1821

MEXICO

OregonCountry

Maine1820

(36deg30 N)

500 kilometers

500 miles0

free state in 1820

FreeSlave

Territory

11389193

16227286

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Legendary Heroes

Early 1800s Today

11190672

Reading a Diagram

8144953

Sectional conflict

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1815 1820 1825

8442734

Americarsquos Flags

20182611

36deg30N

Missouri1821

MEXICO

OregonCountry

Maine1820

(36deg30 N)

500 kilometers

500 miles0

free state in 1820

FreeSlave

Territory

11389193

16227286

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Reading a Diagram

8144953

Sectional conflict

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1815 1820 1825

8442734

Americarsquos Flags

20182611

36deg30N

Missouri1821

MEXICO

OregonCountry

Maine1820

(36deg30 N)

500 kilometers

500 miles0

free state in 1820

FreeSlave

Territory

11389193

16227286

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Sectional conflict

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1815 1820 1825

8442734

Americarsquos Flags

20182611

36deg30N

Missouri1821

MEXICO

OregonCountry

Maine1820

(36deg30 N)

500 kilometers

500 miles0

free state in 1820

FreeSlave

Territory

11389193

16227286

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Americarsquos Flags

20182611

36deg30N

Missouri1821

MEXICO

OregonCountry

Maine1820

(36deg30 N)

500 kilometers

500 miles0

free state in 1820

FreeSlave

Territory

11389193

16227286

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

36deg30N

Missouri1821

MEXICO

OregonCountry

Maine1820

(36deg30 N)

500 kilometers

500 miles0

free state in 1820

FreeSlave

Territory

11389193

16227286

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

16227286

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

11154103

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Miguel Hidalgo

20872311

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

HISTORY

15328586

cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































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cotton gin

Clermont

signed

announced

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0

HISTORY

D cannot be correct

New Orleans

BatonRouge

Natchez

Ceded bySpain 1819

Annexed byUS 1812

Annexed byUS 1810

GEORGIA

90degW

30degN

Gulf of

Mexico

200 kilometers

200 miles0





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

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Exit

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Growth and Expansion - Your History Site American Journey/chap10.pdf · CHAPTER 10 Growth and Expansion 1790 1800 ... leading economic and military powers in the world. The American

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