30
Growth and Developmen t of Infants

Growth and Development of Infants

  • Upload
    babu

  • View
    51

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

Growth and Development of Infants. Growth — changes in size, such as weight and length. Developmen t—increases and changes in physical, emotional, social, or intellectual skills. They are not the same thing !. Head to Foot - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Citation preview

Page 1: Growth and Development of Infants

Growth and Developmen

t of Infants

Page 2: Growth and Development of Infants

*Growth— changes in size, such as weight and length

*Development—increases and changes in physical, emotional, social, or intellectual skills

*They are not the same thing !

Page 3: Growth and Development of Infants

*Patterns of Development

*Head to Foot*Babies first begin to develop control of head

movement, then arms and hands, and finally legs and feet

Page 4: Growth and Development of Infants

*Patterns of Development

*Head to Foot*Babies first begin to develop control of head

movement, then arms and hands, and finally legs and feet

*Near to Far*Babies’ development starts close to the trunk and

moves outward

Page 5: Growth and Development of Infants

*Patterns of Development

*Head to Foot*Babies first begin to develop control of head

movement, then arms and hands, and finally legs and feet

*Near to Far*Babies’ development starts close to the trunk and

moves outward*Simple to Complex*Babies first develop their large muscle groups, followed

by complex movements and small muscle control

Page 6: Growth and Development of Infants

*Developmental Milestones

*Developmental Milestones—Key skills or tasks that most children can do at a certain age range*Used to check a child’s progress*The age at which children may reach each milestone

can vary quite a bit

Page 7: Growth and Development of Infants

*Influences on Development

*Heredity*Genetics for physical abilities, likelihood of certain

illnesses, and other physical characteristics, like good vision or early appearance of teeth

Page 8: Growth and Development of Infants

*Influences on Development

*Heredity*Genetics for physical abilities, likelihood of certain

illnesses, and other physical characteristics, like good vision or early appearance of teeth

*Nutrition*Getting enough calories and essential nutrients to

fuel proper development

Page 9: Growth and Development of Infants

*Influences on Development

*Heredity*Genetics for physical abilities, likelihood of certain

illnesses, and other physical characteristics, like good vision or early appearance of teeth

*Nutrition*Getting enough calories and essential nutrients to

fuel proper development*Health*A healthy baby is more likely to eat well and have

varied experiences that stimulate development

Page 10: Growth and Development of Infants

*Influences on Development

*Experiences*Quantity and variety of experiences impacts brain

development

Page 11: Growth and Development of Infants

*Influences on Development

*Experiences*Quantity and variety of experiences impacts brain

development*Environment*A stimulating environment—one in which the baby

has a wide variety of things to see, taste, smell, hear, and touch—enhances connections in the brain*Other environmental factors, like living conditions

and family relationships affect development greatly

Page 12: Growth and Development of Infants

*Physical Growth and

Development

Page 13: Growth and Development of Infants

*Growth Chart

*Shows average weight and height for babies at various ages*Boys and girls are recorded separately because their

growth patterns differ*Very few babies match “average” measurements,

because they grow at their own rate*Doctors watch for a steady pattern of growth rather than

individual measurements

Page 14: Growth and Development of Infants

*Weight*Most newborns lose about 10% of their birth weight

in their first 5 days of life; then begin to gain weight rapidly

*Growth During the 1st Year

Page 15: Growth and Development of Infants

*Weight*Most newborns lose about 10% of their birth weight

in their first 5 days of life; then begin to gain weight rapidly*In the first 6 months, a healthy baby gains about 1-2

pounds per month

*Growth During the 1st Year

Page 16: Growth and Development of Infants

*Weight*Most newborns lose about 10% of their birth weight

in their first 5 days of life; then begin to gain weight rapidly*In the first 6 months, a healthy baby gains about 1-2

pounds per month*From 6-12 months, average weight gain is about 1

pound per month

*Growth During the 1st Year

Page 17: Growth and Development of Infants

*Weight*Most newborns lose about 10% of their birth weight in

their first 5 days of life; then begin to gain weight rapidly*In the first 6 months, a healthy baby gains about 1-2

pounds per month.*From 6-12 months, average weight gain is about 1

pound per month.*Birth weight usually triples by the end of the first year

*Growth During the 1st Year

Page 18: Growth and Development of Infants

*Weight*Most newborns lose about 10% of their birth weight in

their first 5 days of life; then begin to gain weight rapidly*In the first 6 months, a healthy baby gains about 1-2

pounds per month.*From 6-12 months, average weight gain is about 1 pound

per month.*Birth weight usually triples by the end of the first year*Boys tend to weigh slightly more than girls during infancy

*Growth During the 1st Year

Page 19: Growth and Development of Infants

*Length*Babies are measured while lying down, so it is called

“length” rather than “height”

*Growth During the 1st Year

Page 20: Growth and Development of Infants

*Length*Babies are measured while lying down, so it is called

“length” rather than “height”*Babies will add approximately 25% to their birth

length in the first four months and an additional 25% by their first birthday

*Growth During the 1st Year

Page 21: Growth and Development of Infants

*Length*Babies are measured while lying down, so it is called

“length” rather than “height”*Babies will add approximately 25% to their birth

length in the first four months and an additional 25% by their first birthday*Boys tend to be slightly longer than girls during

infancy

*Growth During the 1st Year

Page 22: Growth and Development of Infants

*Vision*Newborns have blurry vision but within a week they

can focus on objects about 7-10 inches away*Objects appear two-dimensional, like a picture*They prefer to look at patterns with high contrast,

such as stripes, bull’s-eyes, or simple faces*Often have crossed eyes or a wandering eye

*Development During the 1st Year

Page 23: Growth and Development of Infants

*Vision*At one month, babies can focus on an object as far

as 3 feet away*Begin to develop Depth perception—the ability to

see things as three-dimensional*This helps them interact with the world by being able to

track and reach for objects

*Development During the 1st Year

Page 24: Growth and Development of Infants

*Vision*By six months, eyesight reaches clarity and

sharpness of the adult level

*Development During the 1st Year

Page 25: Growth and Development of Infants

*Hearing*Hearing develops before birth, and unborn babies

often respond to sounds*Newborns can tell the general direction a sound

comes from*Newborns respond to tone of voice rather than words*By 7 months, babies recognize parents and other

caregivers by their voices

*Development During the 1st Year

Page 26: Growth and Development of Infants

*Touch*Newborns lack ability to explore their world through

touch but can learn through others touching them*Babies first begin to notice different textures, such

as a soft blanket or a scratchy, whiskery chin*After the baby is able to grab objects, touch plays a

big part in learning and development

*Development During the 1st Year

Page 27: Growth and Development of Infants

*Smell and Taste*Within 10 days, they can recognize their mother by

smell*Two-week old babies can differentiate tastes and

show a preference for sweet tastes*Throughout infancy, babies put anything they can in

their mouths. This is a primary way of learning about their world.

*Development During the 1st Year

Page 28: Growth and Development of Infants

*Voice*Newborn voice is shrill and without much tone*As lungs, throat muscles, tongue, lips, teeth and

vocal cords develop, voice softens and becomes more tonal*Babies prepare for speech by imitating word-like

sounds

*Development During the 1st Year

Page 29: Growth and Development of Infants

*Motor Skills*At birth, babies have little muscle control. Most

movements are reflexes—instinctive, automatic responses*Gross motor skills develop faster*Controlling the head is one of the first gross motor skills

infants develop*Fine motor skills develop slower*Opening and closing hands to purposefully grasp an

object is one of the first fine motor skills infants develop

*Development During the 1st Year

Page 30: Growth and Development of Infants

*Hand-Eye Coordination*Hand-Eye Coordination—the ability to move the

hands and fingers precisely in relation to what is seen*Newborns have very poor hand-eye coordination*By 3-4 months babies begin to grab for objects they

see and bring them to their mouth*By 12 months babies have no problem picking up an

object and moving it to another place

*Development During the 1st Year