Growth and DevelopmentGrowth and DevelopmentChapter 17.3Pages 561 - 566

ObjectivesObjectivesList defining characteristics of

childhood, adolescence, and adulthood

Describe how puberty affects the male body

Describe how puberty affects the female body

Describe practices for maintaining reproductive health

Discuss how reproductive systems are affected by aging

Key TermsKey TermsEmpathyAltruismPubertySTDs, (sexually transmitted

diseases)menopause

Infancy through ChildhoodInfancy through Childhood

Infancy lasts for about one year◦Is a time of enormous change◦Infancy requires a special diet

Mother’s milk Provides optimal nutrition and supports the immune system

or formula Provides adequate nutrition, but little immune support

A baby may be “weaned” from liquids to semi-solid food

◦Infants begin to socialize, walk, and speak by 1 year old

Infancy through ChildhoodInfancy through ChildhoodChildhood, (lasts about 8-10 years)

◦The time between infancy and adolescencePreschoolers develop reasoning and control

◦Motor control and exploration of the environment◦Learning and organization, (school skills)

School-age children continue the process◦Moral reasoning develops, (right and wrong)◦Empathy and Altruism, (feelings of others and

“me”)◦Early versus Late “bloomers”

AdolescenceAdolescence

Puberty is the change from childhood to adulthood due to hormone production, (the age of the change varies due to many factors)◦Genetics, nutrition, environmental factors◦Most take three to five years to complete

the process

AdolescenceAdolescence

Females: ovaries begin to secrete estrogen◦ Preparing for the

development of eggs for ovulation

◦ And the development of secondary sex characteristics Rounder shape, wider

hips, larger breasts, and pubic hair and larger sex organs

Males: testes begin to secrete testosterone◦ Causing the

production of sperm◦ And the development

of secondary sex characteristics Deeper voice, larger

skeletal muscle, and facial hair, and pubic hair with larger sex organs

AdolescenceAdolescenceEmotional changes

◦Hormone changes may cause “mood swings” Conflicts may arise with parents

Social changes◦A desire for greater freedom and self-

expression How to control sexual desires that

accompany puberty How to balance independence and security

Reproductive HealthReproductive HealthSexually Transmitted Diseases, (STDs)

◦The problems Many have no cure

HIV to AIDS, Genital Herpes, etc.

◦Transmission Contact with bodily fluids Vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse

How to avoid STDs◦Abstain◦It is difficult to tell if someone has a STDs

MenopauseMenopauseIs defined as the time when a

woman no longer menstruates and cannot conceive

In 1900 the average age of death was about 46-48 years old◦Women experienced menopause for

only a few yearsIn 2000 the average age of death

was 74 years old◦Today women experience it for 25 years

or more