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BAB 7
Teknologi Perhitungan secara
Kolaborasi:Group Support Systems(GSS)
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Teknologi Perhitungan Kolaborasi:
Group Support Systems(GSS)Orang
Membentuk groupwork
memerlukan kolaborasi
Memerlukan untuk berkomunikasi
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Opening Vignette: Chrysler
SCORES dengan Groupware
Chrysler menggunakan grup untuk
menambah kolaborasi dan komunikasi
dengan suppliers
Identifikasi pemborosan dalam rantai
proses
Eliminasi pemborosan
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Solusi
Aplikasi Lotus Notes
Perluasan sistem usaha
Insentif untuk suppliers dalamkontribusinya
Sistem relasi Vendor
Sediakan manfaaf yang kompetitif
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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SCORE Benefits
Pengayaan hubungan dengan suppliers
Praktek kualitas pembelian yang lebih
baik
Kualitas produk yang lebih baik
Biaya lebih murah (di dalam 2000: $2
billion)
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Karakteristik Groupwork
Group membentuk tugas-tugas
Tempat yang berbeda
Waktu yang berbeda
Organisasi yang sama atau berbeda
Secar Permanent atau temporary
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Karakteristik lainnya
Tingkat rentang managerial
Synergy atau conflict
Productivitas mendapat / kehilangan
Mungkin dibutuhkan reaksi cepat
Hampir tidak bisa didapat pada satu
tempat
Bermacam-macam sumber pengetahuan
Tenaga ahli dari luar
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Setiap waktu/setiap tempat
kolaborasi
Memungkinka dengan Web
Biaya PCs yang murah
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Pertemuan
Kegiatan bersama Status sama atau hampir sama
Keluaran tergantung pada pengetahuan paraparticipant etc.
Keluaran tergantung pada komposisi grup
Keluaran tergantung proses pengambilankeputusan
Pertentangan bisa jadi karena pangkat ataunegosiasi
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Groupware
Untuk menunjang pertemuan grup
Computer-supported cooperative work
(CSCW) Software yang menyediakan kolaborasi
untuk menunjang grup
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Dukungan komunikasi
Sangat penting(Vital)
Diperlukan untuk kolaborasi
Teknologi informasi modernmenyediakan dukungan komunikasi:yang tidak mahal, cepat, mempunyai
kesanggupan dan handal Internet/Web
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Dukungan komunikasi Word of mouth
Delivery persons Horseback
Snailmail
Telegraph
Telephone
Radio
Television
Videoconferencing
Internet / Web
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Komunikasi Nonverbal
Issue penting
Tidak terjangkau dengan menggunakan
hampir semua sistem komunikasi
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Dukungan kolaborasi (CSCW)
Orang kerja bersama
Group Support Systems (GSS)
Groupware:
Sistem pertemuan secara Electronik
Sistem konfrensi secara Electronik
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Rangka kerja waktu dan tempat
Keputusan dalam ruangan waktu/tempat
sama
Video Conference dilakanakan pada
waktu yang sama pada tempat yang
berbeda
Via Internet dilaksanakan pada waktu
dan tempat yang berbeda
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Rangka kerja komunikasi
waktu/tempat
Different
Place
Same
Place
Web-based GSS
Whiteboard
Email, Vmail
Workflow management system
Document sharingComputer conferencing with
memory
Web-based GSS
Whiteboard
Document sharing
Videoconferencing
Audioconferencing
Computer conferencing
Email, Vmail
Different TimeSame Time
GSS in a Decision Room
Web-based GSS
Workflow management system
Document sharingEmail, Vmail
GSS in a Decision Room
Web-based GSS
Multimedia Presentation
SystemsWhiteboard
Document sharing
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Groupware
Server Lotus Notes / Domino
termasuk ruang pemblajaran
Server kolaborasi Netscape Microsoft NetMeeting
Novell Groupwise
GroupSystems TCBWorks
WebEx
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Sistem dukungan Grup
Goal: untuk mendukung grup kerja
Manikkan benefits/ mengurangi
kehilangan kolaborasi
Didasarkan pada:
Teknik grupNominal
Delphi Method
Electronic Meeting System (EMS)
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
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Kemajuan Proces GSS
Proses informasi paralel
Lebih besar grup bisa berpartisipasi
Diskusi komputer dengan cepat
Orang dengan tenang bisa berpartisipasidengan kontribusi yang sama
Orang yang ribut tidak bisa memacupertemuan
Menghemat waktu bepergian (millions $ / year)
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Kehilangan proses GSS
Free-riding
Flaming
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
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Teknologi GSS
Ruang Keputusan
Penggunaan fasilitas ganda
Dasar Web
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Keputusan dalam ruangan
(Electronic Meeting)
12 s/d 30 jaringan PC
Umumnya istirahat
Server PC
Sistem proyeksi dengan layar besar
Ruang istirahat
Perlu suatu pelatihan fasilitator untuk sukses
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Ruang sejuk
Source: Groupsystem.com, Tuscon, AZ, www.groupsystems.com
US A ir Force
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Ruang sejuk
IBM Corp.
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Source: Groupsystem.com, Tuscon, AZ, www.groupsystems.com
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Ruang sejuk
Murraysv i l le School Distr ic t Bu s
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Source: Groupsystem.com, Tuscon, AZ, www.groupsystems.com
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Sedikit mempunyai Ruang
pengambilan keputusan
Biaya tinggi
Memerlukan pelatihan Facilitator
Dukungan Software untuk tujuan yangkooperatif, bukan isue Conflict
Jarang digunakan
Beda kebutuhan waktu/tempat Mungkin membutuhkan lebih dari satu
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
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Teknologi lainnya
Penggunaan fasilitas ganda
Lebih murah
Masih memerlukan fasilitator
Dasar-Web
Lebih murah: tidak memerlukan extra
hardware Masih membutuhkan facilitator
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Sistem Group
Dari Groupsystems.com, Tucson, AZ
Groupware yang lengkap
Versi Windows & Web
Software yang Leading
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
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Proses pertemuan GSS
Pembangkitan ide
Pengorganisasian ide
Pemberian prioritas ide
Bangkitkan ide lagi
Iterasi sampai solusi tercapai
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
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Mengapa GSS?
Supaya sukses Membutuhkan
Komitmen Organisasi
Sponsor Executive Sponsor Operating
Antar muka yang menyenangkan-User
Facilitator yang terlatih baik danberdedikasi
Perencanaan yang baik
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Pembelajaran jarak jauh (DL)
Bukan kelas tradisional
CSCW / GSS / Groupware
Teknologi yang dibutuhkan
Tidak baru
Effektif
Tumbuh secara cepat
Juga korporasiDecision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Manfaat DL Yang jelas lebih efektif dibanding tradisonal
Waktu sangat fleksibel Siswa masih tetap bisa bekerja
Siswa bisa bepergian sambil belajar
Bisa di Access dimana saja dan kapan saja
Bisa menyajikan teknologi baru secara murah
Bisa terfokus pada ketrampilan khusus
Bisa dengan biaya murah
Perluasan ukuran kelas dengan mudah bisadikerjakan
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
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Manfaat DL lainnya Menambahkan keluasan dan kedalaman pada
kursus atau pelajaran Lebih bisa interaksi satu-satu dengan
instruktur lewat e-mail
Waktu kontak Siswa/fakultas ke instruktur
naik Untuk pembelajar berlanjut
Kehadiran fleksibel (hati2!)
Teknologi diskusi
Sikap siswa berevolusi dan bertambah baik
Hasilnya (scores) akan lebih tinggi
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Lebih lanjut kerugian DL
Membutuhkan waktu lebih banyak
Pembelajar harus lebih tanggap
Siswa harus kerja keras!
Lainnya
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Courseware DL yang ada
Lotus Notes
Microsoft NetMeeting
Novell GroupWise
Learning Space (Lotus Notes)
WebCT LearnLinc Virtual Classroom
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Kreativitas dan pembentukan ide
Kreativitas: Umumnya suatu ciri
kemanusiaan
Kreativitas dan innovasi
Bisa menghasilkan pengaruh yang luar biasa
terhadap organisasi
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Pembangkitan ide
Electronic Brainstorming Bisa dismulasikan
Bisa mengatur metode
Lebih banyak menciptakan ide
Pemetaan kognitif-sangat bermanfaat
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Kreativitas
Software ayng menunjukkan kreativitas
Intelligent agents (softbots)
Copycat (creates analogies)
AARON (creates painted art)
Genjam (writes jazz music)
Kurzweils Cybernetic Poet (writes poems)
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
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Alternatif Software Creativitas
CoBrain
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
Copyright 2001, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
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Software yang memfasilitasi
Kreativitas Project KickStart
ThoughtPath
Creative WhackPack
IdeaFisher
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.
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GSS dan isue Kollaborasi Computing
dan Penelitianh
GSS/EMS methods Web groupware
Distance learning
Virtual organization
Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems, Efraim Turban and Jay E. Aronson, 6th edition.