Group Presentations

• You will have two days to prepare a group PowerPoint presentation on one of the following:– Sand Creek Massacre, Chochise, John M. Chivington, Sitting

Bull, George Armstrong Custer, The Battle of Little Bighorn, Wovoka, Massacre at Wounded Knee, Chief Joseph, Geronimo

• Concentrate your research on the person’s experiences in the West and in the conflict over the region or the importance of the event

• Graded as a quiz grade using the presentation rubric- 60pts

Who might have made this statement and why?

• “One of our hands holds the rifle and the other the peace-pipe, and we blaze away with both instruments at the same time. The chief consequence is a great smoke- and there it ends.”

Chapter 14 The Western Crossroads

Section One: War in the West

I. Indian Country

A. 360,000 American Indians west of MississippiB. Treaties- Indians move to reservations in

exchange for money, supplies, and guarantees

C. Bureau of Indian Affairs- managementD. U.S. failed to honor treatiesE. Violence on Santee Sioux reservation in 1862

II. Years of Struggle

A. Many Plains Indians refused to live on reservationsB. Sand Creek

1. Colorado Territory- Cheyenne and Arapaho forces clash with local militia

2. Chief Black Kettle set up camp (women and children) to make peace

3. U.S. Army colonel John M. Chivington- opened fire on the camp- 200 died

4. Prompted raids by tribes across plains5. Treaty of Medicine Lodge and Fort Laramie

II. Years of Struggle Cont.

C. Little Bighorn1. 1874- gov. violates Treaty2. Sitting Bull- opposed intrusion3. Battle of Rosebud4. June 25, 1876- Gen. George Armstrong Custer- The Battle of Little Bighorn5. increased efforts to force reservations

D. Ghost Dance1. Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota2. Wovoka- religious movement3. Dec. 15 1890- Sitting Bull killed

II. Years of Struggle cont.

E. Wounded Knee1. Big Foot, Sioux leader and group 2. ordered seizure of Indian rifles3. soldiers fire into camp4. Massacre at Wounded Knee5. end of bloody conflict

Sources of Conflict between the Plains Indians and the U.S. Government

• List the sources of conflict

III. The End of Resistance

A. Nez Perce- Chief JosephB. Apache and Geronimo

1. Surrender marked the end of armed resistance

IV. Voices of Protest

A. Indian Rights AssociationB. Women’s National Indian AssociationC. Sarah Winnecmucca- Thoc-me-tony

V. Assimilating American Indians

A. Dawes General Allotment Act- land for farming

B. Many rejected