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Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
NATIONAL STRATEGIES FOR NATIONAL STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING CONTROL OVER IMPROVING CONTROL OVER
SOURCES OF IONISING SOURCES OF IONISING RADIOATION IN SCRAP METALRADIOATION IN SCRAP METAL
Presented by: Mr. Dancho ELENKOV
Nuclear Regulatory Agency (Bulgaria) Deputy Chairman
69 Shipchensky prokhod Blvd. 1574 Sofia, BGphone: + 359 2 9406 800fax: + 359 2 9406 919e-mail: [email protected]
Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
Content of the presentation:• Statistics for the period 1998 - 2003
• Origin of radioactive contamination in scrap in Bulgaria
• Existing and planned national regulatory mechanisms
• Monitoring of the movement of radioactive materials - scrap metal
• Dispositioning (removal) of detected radioactive materials
• Conducting drills and exercises
• Good (and bad) practices and lessons to be learned
• Planned activities and mechanism
Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
events
events 2 4 6 27 38 32 109
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Total
Statistics for the period 1998 - 2003
11 events orphan sorces
8 events during
operation
1 event false signal
10 events thefts
2 eventsillicit traffic
77 events in scrap metal
Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
Origin of SIR in scrap in Bulgaria:
Type of SIR
8%
43%35%
14%open sources
sealed sources
Control devices
Ro
(690)
(3536)(2897)
(1178)
total number - 8301 SIR
1. Events inside the country (theft):
3. Illicit traffic
2. Import of contaminated scrap metal
Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
Existing and planned national regulatory mechanisms
Existing mechanism - legislation:
• Act on the Safe Use of Nuclear Energy (ASUNE) - June 2002 (new);
• Basic Standards for Radiation Protection (BSRP-2000) - January 2001 (new Regulation, based on the IBSS No. 115 of IAEA, 1996);
• Regulation No.0-35 on the safe use of sources of ionizing radiation (1974);
• Regulation No.5 on the issue of licenses for the use of atomic energy (1989);
• Regulation No.46 for safe transport of radioactive materials (1976);
• Regulation No.7 for safety management of RAW (November 1991);
• Regulation on emergency planning and response (April 1998)
Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
Existing mechanism - Authorisation process (licenses and permits for safe use of SIR)
The authorisation process is basic mechanism for effectivecontrol over possession and use of radiation sources, whichincludes: • granting of licenses;
• granting of permits.
According the new ASUNE there are According the new ASUNE there are six types of licensessix types of licenses::• use of sources of ionising radiation (SIR);• manufacturing of radiation sources or of parts thereof;• handling of radiation sources for services;• import/export of radiation sources;• specialised training of persons engaged in practices with SIR;• transport of SIR;
Existing and planned national regulatory mechanisms (cont.)
Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
Existing and planned national regulatory mechanisms (cont.)
According the new ASUNE there are According the new ASUNE there are six types of permitssix types of permits:
• setting of a facility with radiation sources on specific site;
• construction of a facility with SIR, assembly and preliminary tests;
• decommissioning of a facility with SIR;
• temporary storage of radiation sources;
• single transport of SIR
• import and export of SIR or of parts thereof
Existing mechanism - Authorisation process (licenses and permits for safe use of SIR)
Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
Existing and planned national regulatory mechanisms (cont.)
• Article 35 of SUNEA:“…license for operation of a nuclear facility is being granted to a legal entity, registered in the Republic of Bulgaria, which has approved emergency plans for action in case of an accident. Concerning the facilities with SIR – which provides the requisite measures for radiation protection ensuring for all categories exposured individuals, as in normal circumstances, as well as in case of incidents and accidents…”
• Article 117 of SUNEA:“... Emergency planning measures are being established by the emergency plans as follows:
- off-site emergency plan;
- on-site emergency plan…”
Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
Existing and planned national regulatory mechanisms (cont.)
• inspections - to determine on-site whether practices are carried out and sources are used in accordance with the requirements of relevant regulations and with any license or permits conditions;
• radiation safety appraisals;
• accident notification and investigation;
• periodic feedback from users about key safety parameters.
The priority and frequency of inspections depend on the risk and complexity associated with the practice, as well as potential accident consequences and the type and frequency of violations found during inspections.
Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
Types of practices and sources covered by the legislation and requires emergency planning:
• measures for emergency planning and emergency preparedness are established by the state bodies and licensees implementing activities related to:
• design of nuclear facilities; • construction of nuclear facilities;• commissioning of nuclear facilities; • operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities;• manufacture, transportation and storage of nuclear
material;• practices with sources of ionising radiation.
Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
Types of practices and sources covered by the legislation and requires emergency planning (cont.):• nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents, affecting potentially
or really on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria or abroad, have occurred:
• in nuclear facilities;• in facilities, operated with SIR (industrial, agriculture, medical, research, etc);
• in falling of satellite with nuclear reactor or nuclear and radioactive substances on board;
• in use of nuclear weapons, nuclear and radioactive materials for terrorist purposes, sabotages and illegal traffic (SIR of an unknown or untraceable origin);
• in transportation of nuclear materials and SIR; • in radioactive wastes management, etc.• the scrap metal processing facilities
Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
Existing emergency plans:
Off-site emergency plans:
- National Basic Plan
(National Emergency Plan) for conducting
of rescue and urgent post accident restoration
works in case of disasters, accidents and
catastrophes (last version April 2002);
- in accordance to the National Emergency Plan, emergency plans of the municipal
administration bodies and of the local self- government, of the ministries and the
organisations (last version 2002 – 2003) were developed.
Emergency Plan forIndustrial (Chemical)
Accidents
National EmergencyPlan
Emergency Plan forNuclear and Radiation
Accidents
Actions in case oftransboundarycontamination
Actions in case of anaccident with SIR
Actions in case of anaccident at Kozloduy
Emergency Plan forEarthquakes and
Landslides
Actions in case of anradioactive cont. scrap
Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
Existing emergency plans (cont.): On-site emergency plans:
• The NPP Kozloduy Emergency Plan, version 3, 2000
• The Plan for eliminating of the consequences and for protection of the population and of the environment in case of radiation accident during transportation of spent/fresh nuclear fuel, 2001/April 2002
• Emergency Plan on RAW Department at NPP Kozloduy , (July 2001);
• The Emergency plan for the Nuclear Scientific Experimental Base (NSEB) – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, December, 2001
• The Emergency Plan of Permanent Repository of Radioactive Wastes – Novi Han, January, 2003;
• The Emergency plans of all facilities (over 1500 in number), using SIR and generating RAW (last versions in the period 1998 – 2003)
• The Emergency Plans of the scrap metal processing facilities
Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
Monitoring of the movement of radioactive materials - scrap metal
Kremikovtsy facility
Stomana-Industry - Perniik facility
Automatic radiation monitoring
Manual dose-rate control (continuos)
Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
Governmental and private sector response procedures and requirements
In case of accident with SIR an inter organisational team is being formed by the Permanent Commission, which includes experts from:
– Members of the emergency response team NRA; Civil Protection State Agency; National Centre on Radiobiology and Radiation
Protection – Ministry of Health; Ministry of Internal Affairs – Service "Control of the Dangerous Substances"; Ministry of Environment and Waters (in case of risk for the environment); State enterprise for RAW Management); Ministry of Interior
Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
Notification and Information Exchange
Tmax. = 72 h - for gathering and safety storage of the SIR
Border checkpoint
Services performing border control
Head of Border control services
MIA – duty officers
NRA
Emergency Centre
In site the country
• MIA services or
• CPSA
CPSA MH-NCRBRP INRNE-BAS
Specialized lab.
Local Authorities
MTMF - CUSTOMS
IAEA
WCO
Other countries
Mobile group
Request for help from other country
MIA
T=15-30 min
T=10 min
T=10 min
T=10 min
T=+ 75 min
T=+ 24 h
T=+ 120 min
T=+ 24 h
Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
Example of dispositioning (removal) of detected radioactive materials
•Actions of the Emergency Response Team:
1. Detection of increasing of -background
2. Removing the wagon in a special place
3. Notification of the NRA, CPSA, MH, MI
4. Police investigation (for the origin of the source)
4. Determination the location of the SIR by measurements
5. Dose-rate control (continuously)
6. Individual dose control (continuously)
7. Request assistance (if necessary)
8. Guttering the national emergency response team
(if necessary)
Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
Dispositioning (removal) of detected radioactive materials (cont.)
9. In situ gamma-spectrometry for isotope determination
10. Off-loading of the wagon (partially or complete)
11. Localisation of the source
12. Removing of the source
13. Temporary storage
14. Monitoring
15. Exemption of the clear scrap
16. Informing the population
17. Informing the IAEA
18. Transpiration of the founded SIR for special investigation (source number, activity, etc.)
19. Transpiration of the founded SIR to the permanent RAW repository
Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
Conducting drills and exercises
• Full scope emergency drills are organized each 5 years, for gaining
knowledge about the national emergency plan.
• Exercises on adoption of plan elements are annually performed
for 6 years 15 exercises, for example:– Bulgarian-Turkish exercises “Combating of
illicit trafficking of nuclear materials”, October 2002
Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
Planned activities and mechanism:
• Further development of the existing secondary legislation by: developing a new categorization of the site used sources of
ionizing radiation (SIR) developing a new threat categorization of facility emergencies -
including the scrap metal processing facilities (category V)
• Developing a new secondary legislation
• More clear lines of authority and responsibility
• Contractual requirement for submission of certificate for radioactivity content in scrap metal
Group of Experts on Monitoring of Radiologically Contaminated Scrap MetalPalais des Nations, Geneva (Switzerland) 5-7 April 2004
Planned activities and mechanism:
• Strengthening the capabilities at all levels - regulator, competent
authorities (MH, CPSA, MI, etc) and operator:
– Improvement of the Quality Management System
– Intensification of the use of external expertise's.
– Enhancement of the individual qualification of the staff
– Conducting drills and exercises
– Motivation of the staff.
Thank you for your attention :-))Thank you for your attention :-))