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GROUP MEMBERS: UMAIR MAJEED NAGRA (EE-01083244) ABID BILAL (EE-305-011). What is Physiotherapy?. Physiotherapy involves evaluating, diagnosing, and treating a range of diseases, disorders, and disabilities using physical means. Physiotherapy is also referred to as physical therapy. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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GROUP MEMBERS:UMAIR MAJEED NAGRA (EE-01083244)
ABID BILAL (EE-305-011)
WHAT IS PHYSIOTHERAPY? Physiotherapy involves evaluating,
diagnosing, and treating a range of diseases, disorders, and disabilities using physical means.
Physiotherapy is also referred to as physical therapy
PHYSIOTHERAPY INSTRUMENTS: Infrared Heat Therapy RF-Diathermy Ultrasound Therapy Muscle And Nerve Stimulators
INFRARED HEAT THERAPY
Infrared heat therapy uses infrared lamps, heaters, and infrared saunas to boost immune function, reduce inflammation, stimulate detoxification and weight loss, promote cardiovascular health and circulation, relieve pain, increase healing of wounds, relieve stress and depression, among other clinical benefits.
INFRARED RADIATIONS An understanding of Infrared ("IR") firstly requires
an understanding of radiant heat. Radiant heat is also called infrared energy. Radiant heat is simply a form of energy that heats objects directly through a process called conversion, without having to heat the air space in between.
IR is the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves in the portion of the spectrum just beyond the limit of the red portion of the visible spectrum.
INFRARED RADIATIONS The infrared segment of the
electromagnetic spectrum is divided into 3 segments by wave length, measured in microns or micrometers (one micron = 1/1,000,000 of a meter):
0.076 - 1.5 microns = Near Infrared (NIR);1.5 - 5.6 microns = Middle Infrared (MIR); and5.6 - 1000 microns = Far or long wave infrared (FIR).
GENERALLY IT IS ACCEPTED THAT HEAT PRODUCES THE FOLLOWING DESIRABLE THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS: It increases the extensibility of
collagen tissues It decreases joint stiffness directly It produces pain relief It increases blood flow More recently, it has been used in
cancer therapy
SOME INFRARED HEAT EQUIPMENTS:
THE INTRODUCTION for RF DIATHERMY DEVICE
JAN. 12, 2009
What is RF diathermy?Over 100KHz (High Frequency Current, HFC)Same as Radio Frequency Range → Radio Frequency → RF
Lavatron 420KHZ
RF diathermy History
1886 Development of Radio Frequency Device
1897 Approve the effect of Radio Frequency for Diabetes, Obesity
1899 Report the generating of heat in body tissues by passing RF
1906 Study for the break of tumor tissue by RF
1930 RF diathermy device development
RF Tumor Coagulation RF Lesion Generator
Short wave(10MHz) Diathermy device Physiotherapy Diathermy Treatment
VARIOUS RF DEVICE
RF DIATHERMY PRINCIPLE
Patient plate
Monopolarelectrode
Transformation of Over 100KHz inside body Activation of Ion movement inside of body
Collision between Ion
Generate Core body temperature 40~50°C and 3~5CM depth
→
→ →
- Pole
420 KHZ = Ion inside of body moves 420,000 times movement / sec
+ Pole
Monopolar Type - Lavatron
•Current flows between two poles (Electrode and Patient plate).Electrode is “+ Pole” and Patient plate is “– Pole”. Current flow from Electrode(+ Pole) to Patient Plate(- Pole). In the mono polar, heat is generated in the deepest side of body comparing bipolar and tripolar type.
RF DIATHERMY PRINCIPLE
•+ pole and – pole are in one electrode. •RF current flows between two poles like above picture. So the patient plate is not required. • The depth of penetration is fixed and limited to approximately half of the distance between the two poles. • This means, less energy of sufficient density reaches the deeper skin layers, rendering a more superficial effect regardless of the emitted energy level.•It is effective on face to remove wrinkle and tightening but it can not touch the fat cell so it is not effective on body.
Bipolar Type
•One + pole and two – poles are in one electrode. •RF current flows between 3 poles. So current flows between three poles and the penetration depth is a little bit deeper than bi-polar but its depth of penetration is shallower than mono polar RF. •It touch on superficial area on the skin like bi polar RF. Its basic electricity principle is same with bipolar. With this reason, its result is also similar with bi polar. It is effective on face treatment but it is hard to expect good effect on the body.
Tripolar Type
Body Fat combustion
Collagen Re composition
Obesity Care
↓ ↓ ↓
Increasing blood flow rate
Expansion of artery and capillary
Increasing core body temperature up to 40~50℃
Biological effect of RF Diathermy
Increase in O2 supply
Increase in Nutrition supply
Stimulation of Immune system
Increase in Metabolism
Removal of Waste material
Treatment good for Beauty as well as Health
MAIN APPLICATIONS
FAT CONTROL
PAIN CONTROLWRINKLE REMOVING
HAIR RESTORTION BODY SHAPING
LIFTING
RF Diathermy Body care part
Body Fat Decomposition
Cellulite Dissolving
Size Decreasing
Lifting
Remove Stretch Marks
Abdominal fat care
Size decreasing
Abdominal fat care Before
Abdominal fat care After
Size(Diameter) Appling part Effect Picture
20㎜ Wrinkle under eyes, nose, around mouth Improve wrinkle
30㎜ Face, around Cheek and Jaw Improve wrinkle and skin care
40㎜ Face, Neck, back of neck, arm Skin care and pain relief
50㎜ Arm, Calf, Shoulder Body care, Skin care, Pain relief
60㎜ Calf, Thigh, Back Body care, Pain relief
70㎜ Back, Thigh, abdomen Obesity, Body care, Pain relief
80㎜ Back, Thigh, abdomen Obesity, Body care, Pain relief
100㎜ Back, Abdomen Obesity, Body care, Pain relief
Various electrodes
Medical application of RF Diathermy
Shoulder pain
Lumbar pain
Rheumatology
Heat’s deep penetration into tissue Relaxing stressed muscle by overwork and bad positionPain Relief
*Chronic arthritis *Muscle pain *Lumbar pain*Rheumatic arthritis *Frozen shoulder
Application
ULTRASOUND IN PHYSIOTHERAPY
ULTRASOUND IN PHYSIOTHERAPY Ultrasound is high frequency sound
waves, greater than 20,000 Hz. Therapeutic ultrasound is in the frequency range of 0.9 - 3 MHz.
The main piece of equipment is a high-frequency generator, which provides an electrical current through a cable to a transducer which contains a piezoelectric crystal. This crystal when exposed to the current will vibrate at a given frequency, expanding and contracting, which produces the necessary compression wave. By using a different frequency the therapist can target tissues at different depths for either healing or destruction, or simply use the device to reduce pain. Although simple in principle, the use of ultrasound as a therapeutic modality requires a comprehensive understanding of its effects on the body tissues and of the physical mechanisms by which its effects are produced. The lower the frequency used, the deeper is the penetration of the waves into the body.
In the proliferative phase of healing, ultrasound effects fibroblasts and stimulates them to secrete collagen. This accelerates the process of wound contraction and increases the tensile strength of the healing tissue.
ELECTRICAL MUSCLE AND NERVE STIMULATORS
INTRODUCTION - EMS What is Electrical Muscle Stimulation
(EMS)?Technique of inducing a muscle contractionUses an electrical impulse from a device
Impulses stimulate action potentials from Central Nervous System
INTRODUCTION – EMS (CONT.) Uses for EMS?
Electrotherapy Prevent atrophy after injury
Muscle Strength Training Targets a specific muscle to train Used by athletes
EMS - ELECTROTHERAPY
WHAT IS AN ELECTRIC MUSCLE STIMULATOR?
An electric muscle stimulator is a device that sends low-level electronic pulses to your muscles in order to halt atrophy or reduce spasms.
It is sometimes used by bodybuilders to build muscle tone.
Also used for back pain.
HOW THE MACHINARY WORKS
The NMES machine works by conducting electrical currents from the machine to the muscle at a safe current rate. The process starts by placing self-adhesive electrodes to the motor points of the desired muscle or muscle system. The dial on the machine is slowly adjusted until the patient can feel the current passing through the skin and into the muscle. The higher the setting on the dial, the faster the muscle will contract and relax. This process is continued for a varied amount of time dependent on how large of muscle the NMES is trying to stimulate.
ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION
Electrical nerve stimulation is a non-invasive nerve stimulation treatment designed to reduce pain both acute and chronic. It is a small electrical device that delivers low-intensity electrical impulses across the skin. The device is usually pocket size or smaller and is connected by wires to pads which are placed on the skin. A typical battery operated unit is able to modulate pulse width, frequency and intensity. It is thought to work in two ways: Pads are placed on or near the area of pain and low-intensity pulses are sent via the pads through the skin and along the nerve fibers.
The pulses (controlled by the user) are thought to suppress pain signals to the brain and encourage the body to produce higher levels of its own natural pain killing chemicals called endorphins. It is widely used around the world for a variety of painful conditions by private individuals, professionals and some state hospitals.
HOW DO NERVE STIMULATORS WORK?
A nerve stimulator supplies electrons to depolarize a nerve. The number of electrons supplied per stimulus equals the current. To make sure that the nerve is completely depolarized we keep winding up the stimulating current until the muscular response does not increase any more, then we add another 10%. This is called the supra-maximal stimulus. At this point we assume that the nerve supplying the muscle is completely depolarized. As a result the muscle must be maximally stimulated by the nerve. The muscle contraction that results must also be maximal.
PLACEMENT OF ELECTRODES
The outside of a 'resting' the nerve is charged positive. It is 'polarised'. If you add negative electrons to the outside they will neutralise the charge. This will cause that wave of depolarisation to wash down the nerve. The negative electrode should be attached as near as possible to a nerve, commonly the ulnar nerve at the wrist or the elbow. (You can use the facial nerve if you can't get at the hands.) The other electrode can be placed anywhere else along the line of the nerve, commonly half way along the forearm.
Then assessed the amount or strength of movement in muscles supplied by that nerve, usually the thumb.
TYPES OF NERVE STIMULATOR
Changing resistance Constant Voltage Nerve Stimulators Constant Current Nerve Stimulators