Group 9A: Jerry Dutreuil Joshua Guerra Matt Grywalski

William Mehnert

Overview• Project Objectives

• Conceptual Design

• Q&A for Presentation 1

• Technical Analysis

• Plan for Phase 3

• Nugget Chart

• Conclusion

Project Objective

• Convert a gasoline engine to operate on E85 without sacrificing fuel consumption, increasing performance and reducing emissions

• Provide a control system unit to manage the engine

Conceptual Design

ECM

Exhaust Gases

FFS Fuel

Injectors Ignition O2 EGT

Q&A Presentation 1

• Engine Cooling– No change to combustion chamber

temperatures

• Materials– Engines have been manufactured to run

on ethanol (E10) for over a decade

Areas for Technical Analysis

• Ignition Timing

• Explosion Limits

• Emissions

• Power/Torque

Ignition Timing

• Used to control power and chamber temperatures

• Typical Ignition timing ranges from 5˚BTDC at start to over 40˚BTDC at higher RPMs

• Temperatures and power will be measured before and after the conversion to optimize timing

Ignition Timing

Explosion Limits

• Equations:– LEL =( P1 + P2 + ... Pn)/(P1/lel1 +P2/lel2 + ...

Pn/leln) – UEL =( P1 + P2 + ... Pn)/(P1/uel1 +P2/uel2 + ...

Pn/ueln)

Fuel Lower Limit Upper Limit

Gasoline 1.4 7.6

Ethanol 3.3 19

Explosion Limits

• LEL=1/[(.15/1.4)+(.85/3.3)]=2.74• UEL=1/[(.15/7.6)+(.85/19)]=15.5

• Lambda– Measures fuel content in combustion chamber

(AFR/AFRstoich)

– Typical range between .68 and 1.4– Corresponding values based on explosion limits

are .56 to 3.65• Fuel will combust

Emissions

• Although emissions can be theoretically calculated the process is extremely involved

• Emissions will be measured prior to conversion and after (without the use of a catalytic converter) based on EPA standards

Emissions• Local Testing Procedure (IM240)

– 240 Seconds Test– Average Speed 30 MPH– Max Speed 56.7 MPH– Total of 2 Miles– Idle time to be less than 3.8% of total time

Power/Torque

• Power Calculated from measured Torque– HP =(Torque x rpm)/5250

• Torque optimized by changing timing

• Baseline and final torque will be measured on a chassis dynamometer

Power/Torque

Sample affects of ignition timingIgnition Timing

(Degree)

Temperature

(K)

Work

(J)

Exerted Pressure

(kPa)

0° 2500 20 3600

-5° 2550 21 4275

-10° 2600 22 5700

+5° 2450 18 3075

**Based on applet designed by Colorado State,

http://www.engr.colostate.edu/~allan/thermo/page6/EngineParm2/Engine.html

Timing adjusted, all other values held constant

Plan for Phase 3

• Prototype– Ignition timing model– Fuel consumption model

• Plan– Fit ECM to engine with existing sensors– Test engine operation prior to conversion

• Purchase– Engine– ECM– Various Sensors– Dynamometer time

Nugget Chart

Conclusion

• With ignition timing, we will control the combustion in the cylinder chamber

• We will provide a kit that will enable someone to run on E85/gasoline blend

Thank you

• Any Questions?

Reference• www.change2E85.com• www.megasquirt.info• www.flextek.com• www.e85fuel.com• www.eere.energy.gov• www.diablosport.com• www.e85vehicles.com• www.e85prices.com• www.aa1car.com• http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=33615• http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/explosive-concentration-limits-d_423.html• http://www.allpar.com/fix/EPAMethods.html• http://www.techedge.com.au/vehicle/wbo2/wblambda.htm• Effect of Advanced injection timing on emission characteristics of diesel

engine running on natural gas• Effect of Ethanol-gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust

emissions in different compression ratio• The effects of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends and ignition timing on

engine performance and exhaust emissions

Chemical Equilibrium

• Gasoline – C8H18+12.5(O2+3.76N2)

CO2+3H2O+12.5(3.76N2)

• Ethanol– C2H5OH+3(O2+3.76N2)

2CO2+3H2O+3(3.76N2)

Formulas Used